Diameter Trong Ims

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Mc lc.......................................................................................................................... i THUT NG VIT TT..........................................................................................iii DANH MC HNH V ............................................................................................vii DANH MC BNG BIU.........................................................................................ix LI NI U.............................................................................................................. 1 CHNG I..................................................................................................................3 TNG QUAN V IMS................................................................................................3 1.1 S ra i v pht trin IMS.................................................................................3 1.2 Cc yu cu kin trc..........................................................................................3 1.3 Kin trc phn lp IMS.......................................................................................6 1.4 Kin trc chc nng IMS....................................................................................8 1.4.1 S khi kin trc......................................................................................8 1.4.2 Chc nng cc phn t trong IMS.................................................................9 1.4.2.1 CSCF y quyn (P-CSCF).....................................................................9 1.4.2.2 CSCF hi (I-CSCF)..............................................................................10 1.4.2.3 CSCF phc v (S-CSCF).....................................................................11 1.4.2.4 Chc nng iu khin chuyn mng (BGCF).......................................12 1.4.2.5 Server thu bao nh (HSS)...................................................................12 1.4.2.6 Chc nng nh v ng k thu bao (SLF)..........................................13 1.4.2.7 Chc nng iu khin cng phng tin (MGCF)..............................13 1.4.1.8 Chc nng ti nguyn a phng tin (MRF)......................................14 1.4.2.9 Cng phng tin IMS (IMS-MGW)...................................................15 1.4.2.10 Cng bo hiu (SGW)........................................................................15 1.4.2.11 Server ng dng (AS)........................................................................15 1.4.2.12 Chc nng quyt nh chnh sch (PDF)............................................16 1.4.2.13 Cng an ninh (SEG)...........................................................................16 1.4.3 Cc giao din trong IMS.............................................................................16 1.5 M hnh IMS ca mt s t chc tiu chun ....................................................19 1.5.1 M hnh IMS ca ITU-T.............................................................................19 1.5.2 M hnh IMS trong NGN ca ETSI............................................................20 1.5.3 So snh m hnh IMS ca ITU-T, ETSI v 3GPP.......................................21 Kt lun chng......................................................................................................22 CHNG II .............................................................................................................. 23 GII THIU C BN GIAO THC DIAMETER..............................................23 2.1 Gii thiu..........................................................................................................23 2.2 Khung Diameter................................................................................................24 2.3 Cc thnh phn Diameter..................................................................................24 2.3.1 Thnh phn RELAY (Chuyn tip).............................................................25 2.3.2 Thnh phn PROXY (y quyn)................................................................25 2.3.3 Thnh phn REDIRECT (Gi li)...............................................................26 2.3.4 Thnh phn TRANSLATION (Dch)..........................................................26 2.4 nh dng bn tin Diameter..............................................................................27 2.5 Mt s c im ca giao thc Diameter..........................................................33 2.5.1 Vn chuyn.................................................................................................33 2.5.1.1 SCTP....................................................................................................33 Nguyn Minh Quang D04VT2 i
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2.5.1.2 TCP......................................................................................................34 Cu trc tiu TCP:.......................................................................................34 2.5.2 Nt ngang cp Diameter..............................................................................35 2.5.3 Kt ni v phin..........................................................................................36 2.5.4 Bo mt trong Diameter..............................................................................38 2.5.5 Thanh ton..................................................................................................38 2.5.6 C ch truyn thay th v x l li.............................................................39 2.5.7 So snh vi giao thc RADIUS..................................................................40 Kt lun chng......................................................................................................41 CHNG III.............................................................................................................42 GIAO THC DIAMETER TRONG IMS...............................................................42 3.1 Th tc ng k v xa ng k mc ng dng vi giao din Cx......................42 3.1.1 ng k IMS................................................................................................42 3.1.1.1 Lung thng tin ng k vi ngi dng cha ng k ........................44 3.1.1.2 Lung thng tin ng k li cho ngi dng ng k ......................50 3.1.2 Th tc xa ng k mc ng dng ............................................................52 3.1.2.1 Xa ng k khi to di ng ..............................................................52 3.1.2.2 Xa ng k khi to mng .................................................................54 3.2 Th tc lin quan n truy vn thng tin nh tuyn (giao din Dx).................59 3.2.1 Nhn dng ngi dng ti gii p HSS....................................................59 3.2.2 ng k trn SLF........................................................................................62 3.2.3 Mi UE trn SLF........................................................................................63 3.3 Khi to phin ..................................................................................................64 3.4 Tnh cc .........................................................................................................65 3.4.1 Kin trc tnh cc......................................................................................65 3.4.2 Kin trc tnh cc ngoi tuyn..................................................................65 3.4.2.1 Chc nng tp hp tnh cc CCF.......................................................66 3.4.2.2 Chc nng cng tnh cc....................................................................67 3.4.2.3 H thng ha n ...............................................................................67 3.4.2.3 im tham chiu Rf (Diameter)...........................................................67 3.4.3 Kin trc tnh cc trc tuyn ....................................................................81 3.4.3.1 Chc nng tnh cc s kin (ECF).....................................................81 3.4.3.2 Chc nng tnh cc phin (SCF)........................................................82 3.4.3.3 Chc nng tnh cc knh mang (BCF)...............................................82 3.4.3.4 Chc nng phn loi.............................................................................83 3.4.3.5 im tham chiu Ro............................................................................83 3.4.4 Cc AVP s dng cho thanh ton trc tuyn v ngoi tuyn......................88 Kt lun chng .....................................................................................................90 KT LUN CHUNG.................................................................................................91 TI LIU THAM KHO.........................................................................................92
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THUT NG VIT TT
T vit tt 3GPP 3GPP2 AAA AAL ACA ACR ADSL AH AKA AS ATM AVP BCF BER BGCF BICC BS BSF BTS CAMEL T y Third Generation Partnership Project Third Generation Partnership Project 2 Authentication, authorization and accounting ATM adaptation layer Accounting-Answer Accounting requests Asynchronous Digital Subscriber Line Authentication header Authentication and key agreement Application server Asynchronous transfer mode Attribute value pair; audio video profile Bearer Charging Function Bit error ratio Breakout Gateway Control Function Bearer Independent Call Control Bearer service; billing system Bootstrapping Server Function Base Transceiver Station Customized Applications for Mobile network Enhanced Logic Camel Application Part Charging Collection Function China Communications Standards Association Code Division Multiple Access Charging Data Record Ting Vit D n hp tc th h th ba D n hp tc th h th ba 2 Nhn thc, cp php v thanh ton Lp thch ng ATM Tr li- thanh ton Yu cu thanh ton ng dy thu bao s khng ng b Header nhn thc Tha thun kha v nhn thc Server ng dng Phng thc truyn ti bt ng b Cp gi tr thuc tnh; profile m thanh hnh nh Chc nng tnh cc knh mng Tc bt li Chc nng iu khin cng ni xuyn iu khin cuc gi c lp knh mang Dch v knh mng, h thng ha n Chc nng server t mi Trm thu pht gc ng dng theo yu cu khch hng i vi Phn ng dng Camel Chc nng tp hp tnh cc Lin hip chun thng tin Trung Quc a truy nhp phn chia theo m Bn ghi d liu cc, bn ghi chi tit
CAP CCF CCSA CDMA CDR
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CGF CK CSN CN CS CSCF CSCN DHCP DOS DNS DSL EAP ECF GGSN GPRS GSM HLR HSS HTTP ICID I-CSCF IETF IK IKE IMS-MGW IMS IM-SSF IP IP-CAN IPsec IPv4 IPv6 IP-SSF ISC
Charging Detail Record Charging Gateway Function Ciphering key Circuit switching network Core Network Circuit-switched Call Session Control Function Circuit Switched Core Network Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Denial of service Domain name system Digital Subscriber Line Extensible Authentication Protocol Event Charging Function Gateway GPRS Support Node General Packet Radio Service Global System for Mobile Communications Home location register Home Subscriber Server Hyper Text Transfer Protocol IMS charging identifier Interrogating-CSCF Internet Engineering Task Force Integrity key Internet Key Exchange IP Multimedia SubsystemMedia Gateway Function IP Multimedia Subsystem IP Multimedia Service Switching Function Internet Protocol IP-Connectivity Access Network Internet Protocol security Internet Protocol Version 4 Internet Protocol Version 6 IP Multimedia Service Switching Function IMS Service Control
cc Chc nng cng tnh cc Kha mt m Mng chuyn mch knh Mng li Chuyn mch knh Chc nng iu khin phin gi Mng li chuyn mch knh Giao thc cu hnh trm ng T chi dch v H thng tn min ng dy thu bao s Giao thc nhn thc m rng Chc nng tnh cc s kin Node h tr cng GPRS Dch v v tuyn gi chung H thng vin thng di ng ton cu B ng k v tr nh Server thu bao nh Giao thc truyn ti siu vn bn Nhn dng tnh cc IMS CSCF Thm vn (hi) Nhm c trch k thut v Internet Kha ton vn Trao i kha Internet Chc nng cng phng tin phn h a phng tin IP. Phn h a phng tin IP Chc nng chuyn mch dch v a phng tin IP Giao thc Internet Mng truy nhp kt ni IP Bo mt giao thc Internet Giao thc Internet phin bn 4 Giao thc Internet phin bn 6 Chc nng chuyn mch dch v a phng tin IP iu khin dch v IMS iv
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ISDN ISIM ISP ISUP LCS LIA LIR MAR MEGACO MGCF MGW MID MMS MRFC MSC NAI NAPTR NAS NASREQ NGN NTP OCS P-CSCF PDF PDP PLMN PS PSTN QoS RADIUS SA
Integrated Services Digital Network IP Multimedia Services Identity Module Internet Service Provider ISDN User Part Location services Location-Info-Answer Location-Info-Request Multimedia-Auth-Request Media Gateway Control Protocol Media Gateway Control Function Media gateway function Media stream identification Multimedia Messaging Service Multimedia Resource Function Controller Mobile switching centre Network access identifier Naming authority pointer Network access server Network Access Server Requirements Next Gene Network Network Time Protocol Online Charging System Proxy-CSCF Policy Decision Function Packet Data Protocol; policy decision point Public Land Mobile Network Packet-switched; presence server Public Switched Telephone Network Quality of service Remote Authentication Dial In User Service Security association
Mng s a dch v Mun nhn dng dch v a phng tin IP Nh cung cp dch v Internets Phn ngi dng ISDN Dch v v tr Tr li thng tin v tr Yu cu thng tin v tr Yu cu Giao thc iu khin cng phng tin Chc nng iu khin cng phng tin Chc nng cng phng tin Nhn dng lung phng tin Dch v nhn tin a phng tin B iu khin chc nng ti nguyn a phng tin Trung tm chuyn mch di ng Nhn dng truy nhp mng Server truy nhp mng Yu cu server truy nhp mng Mng th h tip theo Giao thc thi gian mng H thng tnh cc trc tuyn CSCF - y quyn Chc nng quyt nh chnh sch Giao thc d liu gi; im quyt nh chnh sch. Mng di ng cng cng mt t Chuyn mch gi; server hin thi Mng in thoi chuyn mch knh cng cng Cht lng dch v Dch v ngi s dng quay s nhn thc t xa Lin kt bo mt v
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SAA SAR S-CDR SCF SCS S-CSCF SCTP SDP SGSN SGW SIP SIPS SLF SNMP SRV SSF TCP TCP/IP TLS TTL UA UAA UAR UDP UE UMTS URI URL USIM UTRAN VHE VPN VoIP WAP WCDMA WLAN
Server-Assignment-Answer Server-Assignment-Request SGSN-CDR Session Charging Function Service Capability Server Serving-CSCF Stream Control Transmission Protocol Session Description Protocol Serving GPRS Support Node Signalling Gateway Session Initiation Protocol Secure SIP Subscription Locator Function Simple Network Management Protocol Service records Service Switching Function Transmission Control Protocol TCP/IP stack Transport Layer Security Time to live User Agent User-Authorization-Answer User-Authorization-Request User Datagram Protocol User equipment Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Uniform resource identifier Universal resource locator Universal Subscriber Identity Module UMTS terrestrial radio access network Virtual home environment Virtual private network Voice over IP Wireless Application Protocol Wideband Code Division Multiple Access Wireless Local Area Network
Tr li gn server Yu cu gn server Bn ghi chi tit cc SGSN Chc nng tnh cc phin Server kh nng dch v CSCF - Phc v Giao thc truyn dn iu khin lung Giao thc miu t phin Node h tr dch v GPRS Cng bo hiu Giao thc khi to phin Bo mt SIP Chc nng nh v ng k thu bao Giao thc qun l mng n gin Bn ghi dch v Chc nng chuyn mch phc v Giao thc iu khin truyn dn Ngn xp TCP/IP Bo mt lp truyn ti Thi gian sng Tc nhn ngi dng Tr li cp php ngi dng Yu cu cp php ngi dng Giao thc d d liu ngi dng Thit b ngi dng H thng vin thng di ng ton cu Nhn dng ti nguyn duy nht nh v ti nguyn chung Mun nhn dng thu bao ton cu Mng truy nhp v tuyn mt t UMTS Mi trng nh o Mng ring o Thoi qua IP Giao thc ng dng khng dy a truy nhp phn chia theo m bng rng Mng vng ni b khng dy
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Danh mc hnh v v bng biu
DANH MC HNH V
Hnh 1.1 Kin trc phn lp IMS...........................................................................7 Hnh 1.2 S kin trc chc nng IMS ca 3GPP.............................................8 Hnh 1.3 Kin trc CSCF........................................................................................9 Hnh 1.4 Giao din Diameter gia HSS, SLF v cc CSCF, giao din SIP gia cc CSCF................................................................................................................ 13 Hnh 1.5 Kin trc MRF.......................................................................................14 Hnh 1.6 Kin trc IMS vi cc giao din............................................................17 Hnh 1.7 M hnh IMS theo ITU-T......................................................................19 Hnh 1.8 M hnh IMS ca ETSI..........................................................................20 Hnh 2.1 Tng quan v Diameter..........................................................................23 Hnh 2.2 Kin trc phn lp giao thc Diameter................................................24 Hnh 2.3 Giao thc c bn Diameter....................................................................24 Hnh2.4 Thnh phn Relay...................................................................................25 Hnh2.4 Thnh phn PROXY...............................................................................25 Hnh 2.5 Diameter Redirect Agent.......................................................................26 Hnh 2.6 Thc th Diameter Translation ............................................................27 Hnh 2.7 nh dng bn tin...................................................................................27 Hnh 2.8 Cu trc gi tin c bn Diameter..........................................................28 Hnh 2.10 nh dng bn tin SCTP......................................................................33 Hnh 2.11 Cu trc tiu TCP...........................................................................34 Hnh 2.12 phin v kt ni trong Diameter..........................................................37 Hnh 2.16 V d v li giao thc v bn tin tr li..............................................40 Hnh 2.17 V d v li ng dng bn tin tr li...................................................40 Hnh 3.1 Lu ng k IMS mc cao...............................................................42 Hnh 3.2 ng k vi ngi dng cha ng k...................................................48 Hnh 3.3 ng k li vi ngi dng c ng k........................................50 Hnh 3.4 Xa ng k vi ngi dng c ng k. ...................................52 Hnh 3.5 Xa ng k khi to mng ht thi gian ng k............................55 Hnh 3.6 Xa ng k ng dng khi to mng bi HSS qun l....................56 Hnh 3.7 Xa ng k ng dng khi to mng-mt bng dch v....................58 Hnh 3.8 ng k trn SLF (trng hp 1)..........................................................62 Hnh 3.9 ng k trn SLF(trng hp 2)...........................................................63 Hnh 3.10 Mi UE trn SLF..................................................................................63 Hnh 3.11 Lu thit lp phin IMS mc cao..................................................64 Hnh 3.13 Biu chui bn tin cho thit lp phin (di ng)...........................70 Hnh 3.14 Bng chui bn tin cho thit lp phin (kt thc di ng)................71 Hnh 3.15 Biu chui bn tin i vi mi trng thay i............................72 Hnh 3.16 Biu chui bn tin cho t b phin................................................73 Hnh 3.17 Biu chui bn tin i vi mang khi to g b phin.................74 Hnh 3.18 Biu chui bn tin cho thit lp phin (PSTN khi to)...............75 Hnh 3.19 Biu chui bn tin cho thit lp phin (IMS khi to).................76 Hnh 3.20 Biu chui bn tin cho d b phin (PSTN khi to)...................77 Hnh 3.21 Biu chui bn tin cho g b phin (IMS khi to)......................78 Bng 3.5 M t s dng nhng bn tin trong thanh ton ngoi tuyn..............78 Hnh 3.22 Kin trc tnh cc IMS trc tuyn...................................................81 Nguyn Minh Quang D04VT2 vii
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Hnh 3.23 IEC Hot ng chuyn giao n v..................................................84 Hnh 3.24 ECUR Cc n v dnh ring v hot ng tnh cc n v........85
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DANH MC BNG BIU Bng 1.1 So snh c im ca cc m hnh IMS...............................................21 Bng 2.1 Bng m lnh Diameter.........................................................................29 Bng 2.2 Mt s AVPs ..........................................................................................31 Bng 2.3 Tng kt s khc nhau gia Diameter v RADIUS............................41 Bng 3.1 Thng tin c lu trc, trong v sau qu trnh ng k................43 Bng 3.2 M lnh trong giao din Cx v Dx........................................................44 Bng 3.3 Bn tin yu cu thanh ton khi s bi SIP hoc bn tin ISUP cho tt c cc nt IMS tr MRFC v AS....................................................................69 Bng 3.4 Bn tin yu cu thanh ton khi to bi cc phng php SIP i vi MRFC.....................................................................................................................70 Bng 3.6 Bn tin yu cu thanh ton (ACR) dnh cho thanh ton ngoi tuyn ................................................................................................................................. 79 Bng 3.7 Bn tin tr li thanh ton (ACA) cho thanh ton ngoi tuyn..........80 Bng 3.8 a ra cu trc c bn ca bn tin Diameter CC-Request c s dng trong thanh ton trc tuyn IMS................................................................87 ................................................................................................................................. 87 Bng 3.9 Ni dung Bn tin tr li gim st thanh ton (CCA) i vi thanh ton trc tuyn.......................................................................................................87 Bng 3.10 Diameter AVP m c s dng cho thanh ton IMS......................89
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Li ni u
LI NI U
Cng vi s pht trin ca x hi l nhu cu thng tin ngy cng i hi cp bch i vi cuc sng con ngi. Hin ti v trong thi gian ti nhu cu pht trin cc loi hnh dch v thoi, phi thoi, Internet v c bit l cc loi hnh dch v bng rng ngy mt tng v khng th tch ri i sng x hi. tha mn nhu cu mng vin thng i hi phi c cu trc hin i linh hot v nht l tha mn mi nhu cu v dch v a phng tin. Mng phi c t chc n gin nhng c nhiu chc nng. Mng, dch v v u cui phi c tch hp th mi c kh nng cung cp dch v bng rng a phng tin cho khch hng. Thc t mng vin thng hin nay c mt bc tin di nh c s bng n ca cc cng ngh mi v nhu cu s dng dch v vin thng ca khch hng. Tuy nhin trong tng lai mng vin thng khng nhng ch tha mn cho khch hng cc dch v thoi, phi thoi, Internet v cc dch v bng rng m cn phi p ng cho khch hng cc dch v c tch hp cao, cc dch v a phng tin vi cc thuc tnh an ninh, bo mt, cht lng, linh hot v thng minh nht. Cng ngh mng tri qua cc giai on chuyn i t tng t sang s, t chuyn mch knh sang chuyn mch gi IP, t mng s tch hp bng hp sang mng s tch hp bng rng c th p ng nhu cu s dng dch v cho ngi dng u cui. Mc d vy mng hin ti vn khng tha mn ht c nhu cu ca khch hng. Chnh v vy cn c mt t chc mng mi tp hp c tt c cc u im ca mng vin thng hin ti v phi p ng c cc nhu cu truyn thng trong tng lai. Mt trong nhng xu hng pht trin hin nay l thit lp cc phn h a phng tin IP trong mng NGN. Cc phn h ny l nn tng hi t mng c nh v di ng, hi t u cui, hi t dch v, Diameter l giao thc c ngha quan trng trong IMS, c th l trong qu trnh nhn thc, cp quyn v thanh ton cho cc thu bao vi nhiu yu cu truy nhp v dch v phng tin khc nhau. V vy, nghin cu nm bt c cu trc, hot ng ca giao thc ny l vic lm cn thit trong vic nh hng nghin cu mng v dch v mi trn nn IMS. Ni dng n bao gm 3 chng: Chng 1: Gii thiu v kin trc IMS, chc nng ca tng phn t v mt s so snh gia cc m hnh kin trc ca mt s t chc khc nhau trong chun ha IMS. Chng 2: Trnh by tng quan v giao thc Diameter, lch s pht trin, cc thnh phn Diameter, nh dng bn tin, vn chuyn, kt ni v phin, bo mt, Nguyn Minh Quang D04VT2 1
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Chng 3: Nghin cu v mt s th tc trong IMS s dng giao thc Diameter nh ng k, xa ng k, thit lp phin, truy vn thng tin nh tuyn, tnh cc. Em xin chn thnh cm n c gio Ths. Nguyn Thi Thu Hng v cc thy c gio trong khoa Vin Thng thuc Hc vin cng ngh Bu Chnh Vin Thng cng gia nh tn tnh dy d v gip em trong qu trnh hc tp cng nh lm n ny.
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Chng 1-Tng quan v IMS
CHNG I TNG QUAN V IMS

1.1 S ra i v pht trin IMS Phn h a phng tin IP (IMS - IP Multimedia Subsystem) l mt tp cc c im k thut m t trong kin trc mng th h sau NGN cho vic thc thi cc dch v a phng tin v thoi da trn IP. IMS nh ngha mt kin trc v c cu hon chnh cho php hi t thoi, hnh nh, d liu vi cc cng ngh mng di ng da trn c s h tng IP. N hon thin l hng gia hai m hnh truyn thng thnh cng nht, l cng ngh t bo v Internet. C th hnh dung c rng ngi s dng c th lt Web, chi game trc tuyn hoc tham gia mt hi ngh video quan trng cho d ang u v s dng cc thit b cm tay no. l mt vin cnh ca IMS, cung cp truy nhp di ng cho tt c cc dch v m Internet h tr. IMS c nh ngha u tin bi 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project), nh l phn ca cc chun lm vic h tr cho mng GSM v cng ngh v tuyn pht trin. IMS c gii thiu u tin trong 3GPP phin bn 5, trong giao thc khi to phin SIP ca IETF c chn lm giao thc chnh cho IMS. Sau IMS c ci tin rong cc phin bn 6 v 7 ca 3GPP, bao gm thm cc tnh nng mi nh qun l nhm, lin kt vi WLAN v cc h thng da trn CS, truy nhp bng rng c nh. Bn cnh 3GPP2, cng tham gia chun ha IMS. 3GPP2 c to ra pht trin cc h iu hnh lin h thng vin thng ca Bc M v mng di ng Chu thnh h thng th h th 3. Hai kin trc IMS ny c nh ngha bi hai t chc ny kh ging nhau nhng khng hon ton. 3GPP2 thm s iu chnh thch hp cho mt vi chi tit ring ca h. Tuy nhin mc ch ca hai t chc l m bo ng dng IMS s lm vic tng thch trn cc c s h tng mng khc nhau. Ngoi 3GPP v 3GPP2, lin minh di ng m (OMA - Open Mobile Alliance) ng mt vai tr quan trng trong vic a ra v pht trin cc chun dch v ca IMS. Cc dch v nh ngha bi OMA c xy dng trn c s h tng IMS nh l bn tin nhanh, dch v hin thi v dch v qun l nhm, 1.2 Cc yu cu kin trc
Kt ni IP Yu cu c bn i vi mt khch hng truy nhp ti cc dch v IMS l phi c mt kt ni IP. Thm vo , phi s dng cho IPv6. Kt ni IP c th t c t mng nh (home network) v t mng khch (visited network). Nguyn Minh Quang D04VT2 3
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Truy nhp c lp IMS c thit k truy nhp c lp do cc dch v IMS c th c cung cp trn bt k mng kt ni IP no (v d nh GPRS, WLAN, ng dy thu bao s truy nhp bng rng). m bo cht lng dch v cho cc dch v a phng tin IP Trong mng Internet cng cng, thi gian tr ca cc gi tin c th ln v bin ng, nhiu gi n khng theo th t, b mt hoc b loi b. iu ny s khng xy ra trong IMS. Cc mng truyn ti v truy nhp c s cng vi IMS cung cp cht lng dch v t u cui n u cui. Thng qua IMS, UE thng lng dung lng, tc v yu cu QoS trong qu trnh thit lp phin hoc thay i phin SIP. UE c th thng lng cc tham s nh sau: Kiu phng tin, hng ca lu lng; Kiu tc bt phng tin, kch c gi, tn s truyn ti gi; Cch s dng ti trng RTP cho cc loi phng tin; Thch ng bng thng; Sau khi thng lng cc tham s ti mc ng dng, cc UE dnh ti nguyn thch hp t mng truy nhp. Khi to ra c cht lng u cui n u cui, cc UE m ha v ng gi tng loi phng tin ring bit vi mt giao thc thch hp (v d RTP) v gi nhng gi phng tin ny ti mng truy nhp v truyn ti mng bng cch s dng mt giao thc lp truyn ti (TCP hoc UDP) trn IP. Cc nh vn hnh mng thng lng tha thun mc dch v m bo mc QoS trn ng trc lin kt ni. Truyn thng m bo Bo mt l yu cu c bn trong mi h thng vin thng v IMS khng phi l ngoi l. IMS cung cp t nht mt mc bo mt ging nh GPRS v cc mng chuyn mch knh: v d IMS m bo rng mi ngi dng c nhn thc trc khi h c th s dng cc dch v v ngi dng c th b sung yu cu khi c kt ni mt phin. Sp xp tnh cc Kin trc IMS cho php s dng cc m hnh tnh cc khc nhau bao gm kh nng tnh cc ch bn gi hoc tnh cc c bn gi v b gi da trn cc ti nguyn c s dng trong lp truyn ti. Sau ny cc c th tnh ton b cho Nguyn Minh Quang D04VT2 4
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bn gi trong phin IMS. C th s dng cc k hoch tnh cc khc nhau ti lp truyn ti v lp IMS. Tuy nhin, mt nh vn hnh c th b hp dn bi cc thng tin tnh cc ny sinh ti lp tnh cc truyn ti v IMS (dch v v ni dung). Kh nng ny s c cung cp nu mt nh vn hnh tn dng c mt im tham chiu iu khin chnh sch. Kin trc IMS h tr kh nng tnh cc trc tuyn (online) v ngoi tuyn (offline). Tnh cc trc tuyn l qu trnh tnh cc m thng tin tnh cc c th tc ng thi gian thc n dch v c a ra v do vy hot ng trc tip vi iu khin phin hoc dch v. Thc t mt nh vn hnh c th kim tra ti khon ca ngi dng trc khi cho php ngi dng tham gia mt phin v dng phin khi ti khon ht. Cc dch v tr tin trc l cc ng dng cn thit i vi kh nng tnh cc trc tuyn. Tnh cc ngoi tuyn l mt qu trnh tnh cc m thng tin tnh cc khng tc ng thi gian thc ti cc dch v a ra. y l m hnh truyn thng trong thng tin tnh cc c thu thp trong mt giai on ring v vo cui giai on nh vn hnh mng s gi ha n ti khch hng. H tr chuyn vng T quan im ca ngi s dng iu quan trng l phi c truy nhp ti dch v bt k h ang v tr a l no. Tnh nng chuyn vng lm cho vic s dng cc dch v l c th thc hin c, k c ngi s dng c ang nm trong v tr a l ca mng nh hay khng. Lin kt vi cc mng khc R rng l IMS khng th cng c trin khai trn ton th gii. Hn na, mi ngi khng th thay i thit b kt cui hoc ng k thu bao in thoi mt cch nhanh chng. iu ny ny sinh mt vn lm th no kt ni c ti ngi dng bt k h ang u v s dng loi u cui no. tr thnh mt kin trc v cng ngh mng truyn thng thnh cng, IMS phi c kh nng kt ni ti nhiu khch hng nht c th. Do vy, IMS phi h tr cc kt ni vi cc ngi dng PSTN, ISDN, di ng v Internet. Thm na, n cn c kh nng h tr cc phin vi ng dng Internet. Pht trin dch v Tm quan trng ca mt phng dch v c th m rng a ra cc dch v mi nhanh chng, iu c ngha l cc phng php c ca vic chun ha cc dch v vin thng, cc ng dng v dch v b sung l khng c chp nhn na. Nguyn Minh Quang D04VT2 5
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Do 3GPP chun ha cc kh nng dch v h tr thoi, hnh nh, a phng tin, cc bn tin, chia s tp (file), truyn s liu v cc dch v b sung c bn trong IMS. Thit k phn lp 3GPP quyt nh s dng phng php phn lp cho thit k kin trc IMS. iu ny c ngha l cc dch v knh mang v truyn ti tch bit vi mng bo hiu IMS v cc dch v qun l phin. Hn na cc dch v l chy trn mng bo hiu IMS. Phng php phn lp gia tng tm quan trng ca lp ng dng. Khi cc ng dng tch bit nhau v cc chc nng chung c th c cung cp bi mng IMS c s th cc ng dng chy trn UE s dng nhiu kiu truy nhp khc nhau.
1.3 Kin trc phn lp IMS IMS l mt chun da trn mng vin thng ton IP, s dng c mng c dy v khng dy hin ti vi s a dng cc dch v a phng tin bao gm: audio, video, thoi, vn bn, v d liu. Cc dch v da trn IMS c th c phn chia thnh ba loi nh sau:
Dch v phi thi gian thc nh dch v tin nhn v phn phi ni dung a phng tin. Dch v gn thi gian thc v d nh Push to talk qua mng thng tin di ng t ong v dch v Game. Dch v thi gian thc nh thoi, audio hoc video, hi ngh da trn nn chuyn mch gi. Mng di ng v c nh c th c hi t trn nn tng IMS hon ton IP. thy c xu hng , mt mng IMS c nh ngha trong mt kin trc mt phng ngang, bao gm 3 lp chc nng: truyn ti, iu khin v ng dng nh c ch ra hnh 1.1. Lp di cng l lp truyn ti thc hin truyn ti cc lung phng tin. Lp ny bao gm cc thit b switch, router v cc thc th x l phng tin nh media gateway, media server, c s dng cho c mng ng trc v mng truy nhp. Ngi dng ca mng IMS c th kt ni thng qua s a dng v mng truy nhp v k thut bao gm c mng khng dy v c dy. Mt vi ngi s dng c th kt ni trc tip ti IMS thng qua mng da trn IP, ngi dng khc c th kt ni gin tip vi mng IMS thng qua PSTN. Mi mt kiu kt ni trn ti mng IMS u c thc hin d dng bi cc phn t logic trong lp truyn ti. Nh l mt lp truy Nguyn Minh Quang D04VT2 6
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nhp khng ph thuc mng, IMS c th kt ni n nhiu loi mng khc nhau hin c: Mng di ng th h 3 (3G UMTS); Mng di ng th h 2,5 (2,5G GPRS); Cc mng IP hin nay nh WLAN, WiMax; PSTN qua Gateway; Mng c nh ca cc khu dn c (DSL) v cable bng rng; Mng c nh ca khu kinh doanh qua IP Centrex. Mc ch ca lp truyn ti l tch bit cc lp cao hn ca IMS khi cc cng ngh mng truy nhp phc tp trong vic nhn v gi bo hiu, phng tin t thit b. Cc phn t mng trong lp truyn ti IMS cung cp mt giao din chung ti lp iu khin v khng quan tm ti mng truy nhp. Cc phn t ny chu trch nhim bin dch cc giao thc t mng kt ni thnh cc giao thc cn thit tc ng vi mng li IMS.
Hnh 1.1 Kin trc phn lp IMS Lp th hai trong kin trc IMS l lp iu khin, bao gm cc phn t ca mng bo hiu (v d: CSCF, HSS, MGCF) h tr iu khin phin chung, iu khin phng tin v iu khin truy nhp qua cc giao thc bo hiu nh SIP, Diameter, H248. Lp iu khin l mng li ca IMS, cung cp Nguyn Minh Quang D04VT2 7
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kh nng iu khin hiu qu cho cc thit b ca ngi s dng kt ni ti nhiu kiu mng truy nhp. Lp ny cng bao gm server thu bao nh (HSS) lu tr thng tin nh v tr vt l ca ngi dng, phn pht ti nguyn v d liu bo mt c lin quan. Lp th 3 trong kin trc IMS l lp ng dng. Lp ny bao gm cc server ng dng nh server ng dng SIP, server truy nhp dch v m bn th 3 v cc im iu khin dch v m k tha. IMS iu khin dch v thng qua mng thu bao nh v cc thnh phn ca mng bo hiu c phn phi trong lp dch v v lp iu khin. Nhng thu bao kh thi ny c th nhn d liu cng loi cc dch v trong khi chng chuyn giao. Khi a ra mt cu trc mng li n ca mt mng li cu trc theo chiu ngang cho bt k mt loi mng truy nhp v dch v khc nhau, kin trc phn h IMS mang li li th xo b kin trc dch v theo chiu dc truyn thng. Kin trc phn h IM to lp mt ngun ti nguyn chia s hp dn v c hi cho vic tit kim chi ph ca nh khai thc mng v nh cung cp dch v.
1.4 Kin trc chc nng IMS

1.4.1 S khi kin trc 3GPP, ETSI v din n Parlay nh ngha kin trc chc nng ca IMS nh trn hnh v 1.2:
M ng a ph ng ti n IP PSTN
Mb Mb PSTN
M ng bo hi u di ng ktha
CSCF
Mm
BG CF
PSTN Mk
Mk Mw C, D, Gc, Gr Cx
Mj
BG CF
Mi
IM SM G W
Mb
M G CF
Mn Mg Mr
CSCF
Mw Dx
HSS SLF
M RFP
Mp Mb Mb Mb
M RFC
P-CSCF
Gm Gq
UE
Ph n hIM
Hnh 1.2 S kin trc chc nng IMS ca 3GPP IMS trong NGN thc hin 3 chc nng chnh:
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Hi t mng di ng v mng c nh; Hi t dch v, cung cp dch v truyn thng a phng tin trn nn gi IP; Hi t u cui; 1.4.2 Chc nng cc phn t trong IMS CSCF c th c mt s vai tr khc nhau khi c s dng trong phn h a phng tin IP. N c th hot ng nh mt Proxy-CSCF (P-CSCF), nh mt Serving-CSCF (S-CSCF), v c th nh mt Interrogating-CSCF (I-CSCF). Hnh 1.3 th hin kin trc CSCF.
Hnh 1.3 Kin trc CSCF 1.4.2.1 CSCF y quyn (P-CSCF) P-CSCF l im giao tip u tin trong IMS. a ch ca n c UE tm ra sau khi kch hot thnh cng mt ng cnh PDP. P-CSCF x l nh mt ngi i din tip nhn yu cu ri phc v hoc gi chng i. P-CSCF s khng thay i cc URI yu cu trong bn tin INVITE SIP. P-CSCF c th c x nh mt UA (User Agent tc nhn ngi dng) nhng n c th kt thc c lp vi giao dch SIP. Chc nng iu khin chnh sch (PCF) l mt thc th logic ca P-CSCF. P-CSCF thc hin cc chc nng sau: Chuyn tip yu cu ng k SIP nhn c t UE ti mt I-CSCF xc nh s dng tn min mng nh khi c UE cung cp; Chuyn tip mt bn tin SIP nhn c t UE ti mt server SIP (v d S-CSCF) vi tn ca P-CSCF nhn c t th tc ng k; Nguyn Minh Quang D04VT2 9
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Gi tr li hoc yu cu ti UE; Pht hin hoc iu khin cc yu cu thit lp phin khn cp nh cc th tc iu khin li. Pht ra cc CDR; Bo dng h thng bo mt gia n v UE; Thc hin nn hoc gii nn cc bn tin SIP; Trao quyn qun l mng mang v qun l QoS; 1.4.2.2 CSCF hi (I-CSCF) I-CSCF l im giao tip trong phm vi mng ca mng nh khai thc cho tt c cc kt ni ti thu bao ca nh khai thc mng, hoc mt thu bao chuyn mng hin ti nm trong phm vi vng phc v ca nh khai thc mng. Trong mt mng c th c nhiu I-CSCF. I-CSCF thc hin cc chc nng sau: ng k Phn b mt S-CSCF cho mt ngi dng thc hin ng k SIP;
Cc lung lin quan n phin v khng lin quan n phin nh tuyn yu cu SIP nhn c t mng khc ti S-CSCF; Nhn a ch ca S-CSCF t HSS; Gi yu cu hoc tr li SIP ti S-CSCF c xc nh;
S dng ti nguyn v thanh ton Pht ra cc CDR;
Cng lin mng n cu hnh: trong vic thc hin cc chc nng trn nh khai thc c th s dng chc nng cng lin mng n cu hnh (THIG) trong I-CSCF hoc k thut khc n cu hnh v kh nng ca mng khi cc mng ngoi. Khi mt I-CSCF c chn n cu hnh th truyn phin qua cc min mng khc nhau I-CSCF (THIG) s gi yu cu hoc p ng SIP ti I-CSCF (THIG) khc c php vn hnh v bo dng c lp cu hnh.
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1.4.2.3 CSCF phc v (S-CSCF) S-CSCF thc hin dch v iu khin phin cho UE. N bo dng trng thi mt phin khi cn thit nh khai thc mng h tr cc dch v. Trong phm vi mng ca nh khai thc cc S-CSCF khc nhau c th c cc chc nng khc nhau. S-CSCF thc hin cc chc nng nh sau: ng k C th x l nh mt REGISTRAR (h tch vin), n tip nhn yu cu ng k v thit lp thng tin kh dng cho n qua server v tr (v d HSS). iu khin phin cho cc u cui ng k. N s t chi truyn thng IMS t hoc ti nhn dng ngi dng chung b ngn chn khi IMS sau khi hon thnh cc th tc ng k; N c th x l nh mt Proxy Server, n tip nhn cc yu cu v phc v hoc gi chng i; N c th x l nh mt UA. N c th kt thc m khng ph thuc vo phin giao dch SIP; Tng tc vi mt bng dch v h tr cc loi dch v; Cung cp cho cc im u cui bng vic cung cp cc thng tin; Thay mt cho mt im u cui khi to (v d thu bao khi to hoc UE) o Nhn a ch ca I-CSCF t c s d liu nh khai thc mng phc v thu bao ch t tn ngi dng ch (v d URL tel hoc URI SIP), khi thu bao ch l khch t mt nh khai thc mng khc gi yu cu hoc tr li SIP ti I-CSCF . o Khi tn ca thu bao ch (URL tel hoc URI SIP) v thu bao khi to l khch ca cng mt nh khai thc mng gi yu cu hoc p ng SIP ti mt I-CSCF trong phm vi mng ca nh khai thc. o Ph thuc vo chnh sch ca nh khai thc m yu cu hoc p ng SIP gi ti server SIP khc t trong phm vi mt min ISP bn ngoi IMS. o Gi yu cu hoc p ng SIP ti BGCF nh tuyn cuc gi ti min PSTN hoc min chuyn mch knh. Thay mt im u cui ch (thu bao kt cui hoc UE)
Lu lng lin quan n phin v khng lin quan n phin
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o Gi tr li hoc yu cu SIP ti mt P-CSCF ti mt thu bao nh trong phm vi mng nh, hoc cho mt thu bao chuyn mng trong phm vi mng khch m mng nh khng c mt I-CSCF trong tuyn. o Gi tr li hoc yu cu SIP ti mt BGCF nh tuyn cuc gi ti PSTN hoc min chuyn mch knh. S dng ti nguyn v thanh ton Pht ra cc CDR.
1.4.2.4 Chc nng iu khin chuyn mng (BGCF) Chc nng iu khin cng chuyn mng (BGCF) la chn mng PSTN hoc mng chuyn mch knh (CSN) m lu lng s c nh tuyn sang. Nu BGCF xc nh c rng lu lng chuyn mng s ti mng PSTN hay mng chuyn mch knh nm trong cng mng vi BGCF th n s la chn mt MGCF p ng cho lin mng vi PSTN hay CSN. Nu lu lng chuyn sang mng khng nm cng vi BGCF th BGCF s gi bo hiu phin ny ti BGCF ang qun l mng ch . BGCF thc hin cc chc nng nh sau: Nhn yu cu t S-CSCF la chn mt im chuyn lu lng ph hp sang PSTN hay CSN; La chn mng ang tng tc vi PSTN hay CSN. Nu nh s tng tc trong mt mng khc th BGCF s gi bo hiu SIP ti BGCF ca mng . Nu nh s tng tc nm trong mt mng khc v nh khai thc yu cu n cu hnh mng th BGCF gi bo hiu SIP thng qua mt I-CSCF (THIG) v pha BGCF ca mng ; La chn MGCF trong mng ang tng tc vi PSTN hoc CSN v gi bo hiu SIP ti MGCF . iu ny khng th s dng khi tng tc nm trong mt mng khc; a ra cc CDR. BGCF c th s dng thng tin nhn c t cc giao thc khc hoc s dng thng tin qun l khi la chn mng s tng tc. 1.4.2.5 Server thu bao nh (HSS) y l c s d liu chung cho tt c cc ngi dng, n cha c HLR trong mng GPRS. HSS chu trch nhim lu tr danh sch cc c im v thuc tnh dch v ca ngi dng u cui. Danh sch ny c s dng kim tra v tr v Nguyn Minh Quang D04VT2 12
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cc bin php truy nhp thu bao. HSS cung cp thng tin thuc tnh ngi dng mt cch trc tip hoc thng qua cc server. Thuc tnh thu bao lu tr gm: nhn dng ngi dng, dch v ng k, thng tin trao quyn. HSS cha cc chc nng a phng tin IP truyn ti thng tin ti cc thc th thch hp trong mng li thit lp cuc gi hoc phin, an ninh, trao quyn vv. N cng truy nhp vo cc server nhn thc nh AUC, AAA.
Hnh 1.4 Giao din Diameter gia HSS, SLF v cc CSCF, giao din SIP gia cc CSCF 1.4.2.6 Chc nng nh v ng k thu bao (SLF) SLF (Subcription location function) c s dng nh l mt c ch phn gii cho php I-CSCF, S-CSCF v AS tm c a ch ca HSS, ni cha s liu thu bao khi nhiu HSS vi cc a ch khc nhau c s dng trong mng ca nh khai thc. 1.4.2.7 Chc nng iu khin cng phng tin (MGCF) Chc nng iu khin cng phng tin MGCF l mt cng h tr thng tin gia cc ngi s dng IMS v mng chuyn mch knh. MGCF v cc cng phng tin (IMS-MGW) chu trch nhim cho bo hiu v chuyn i cc phng tin gia min chuyn mch gi v cc mng chuyn mch knh (PSTN chng hn). MGCF giao tip vi S-CSCF (hoc BGCF) qua giao thc SIP. Bo hiu cuc gi SS7 hoc ISUP c chuyn t cng bo hiu ca mng chuyn mch knh v MGCF qua giao thc SIGTRAN. MGCF phi phin dch cc bn tin SIP v ISUP m bo tng tc gia hai giao thc ny. Tt c cc bo hiu iu khin cuc Nguyn Minh Quang D04VT2 13
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gi t cc ngi s dng mng chuyn mch knh u c a n MGCF chuyn i ISUP (hay BICC) vo giao thc SIP, sau chuyn phin n IMS. Tng t tt c cc bo hiu khi ngun t IMS n cc ngi s dng mng chuyn mch knh c gi n MGCF. MGCF cng iu khin cc knh phng tin trong thc th lin quan ca mt phng ngi s dng. Ngoi ra MGCF cng c kh nng bo co thng tin thanh ton cho chc nng tp hp tnh cc CCF. Thnh phn ny l im kt cui cho PSTN/ PLMN cho mt mng xc nh. MGCF thc hin cc chc nng sau: iu khin trng thi cuc gi gn lin vi iu khin kt ni cho cc knh phng tin trong mt MGW; Truyn thng vi CSCF; MGCF la chn CSCF ph thuc vo s nh tuyn cho cc cuc gi li vo t cc mng k tha; Thc hin chuyn i giao thc gia mng k tha (v d ISUP, R1/ R2 v.v..) v cc giao thc iu khin cuc gi trong IMS. 1.4.1.8 Chc nng ti nguyn a phng tin (MRF) Kin trc lin quan n chc nng ti nguyn a phng tin (MRF) c th hin trong hnh 1.5:
Hnh 1.5 Kin trc MRF MRF c phn tch thnh b iu khin chc nng ti nguyn a phng tin MRFC v b x l chc nng ti nguyn a phng tin MRFP. B iu khin chc nng ti nguyn a phng tin (MRFC): h tr cc dch v lin quan n knh mang hi ngh, thng bo cho ngi s dng hay chuyn i m knh mang. MRFC din gii bo hiu SIP nhn c t S-CSCF v s dng cc lnh MEGACO (giao thc iu khin cng phng tin) iu khin MRFP (b x l chc nng ti nguyn a phng tin). MRFC c kh nng gi cc thng tin
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thanh ton n chc nng tp hp tnh cc CCF v h thng tnh cc trc tuyn OCS. Nhim v ca ca MRFC nh sau: iu khin ti nguyn phng tin trong MRFP; Dch thng tin n t AS v S-CSCF (v d nhn dng phin) iu khin MRFP mt cch ph hp. B x l chc nng ti nguyn a phng tin (MRFP) : Cung cp cc ti nguyn mt phng ngi s dng theo yu cu v ch th ca MRFC Nhim v ca MRFP nh sau: Cung cp ti nguyn MRFC iu khin; Trn cc lung phng tin vo (v d i vi nhiu phn phng tin); Ti nguyn lung phng tin (thng bo a phng tin); X l lung phng tin (v d chuyn m m thanh, phn tch phng tin). 1.4.2.9 Cng phng tin IMS (IMS-MGW) IMS- MGW cung cp kt ni mt phng ngi dng gia cc mng chuyn mch knh (PSTN, GSM) v IMS. N c th kt thc cc knh mang t mng chuyn mch knh v cc lung phng tin t mng ng trc (v d lung RTP trong mng IP). IMS-MGW c th h tr chuyn i phng tin iu khin mang v x l ti trng (v d m ha, trit vng, cu hi ngh). N c th: Tng tc vi MRCF iu khin ti nguyn; iu khin ti nguyn nh trit ting vng C th cn phi m ha. IMS-MGW cn c iu khin bi MGCF 1.4.2.10 Cng bo hiu (SGW) Chc nng cng bo hiu c s dng kt ni cc mng bo hiu khc nhau v d mng bo hiu SCTP/ IP v mng bo hiu SS7. SGW thc hin chuyn i bo hiu (c hai hng) ti lp truyn ti. Chc nng cng bo hiu c th trin khai nh mt thc th ng mt mnh hoc bn trong thc th khc. Cc lung phin trong c t ny khng th hin SGW nhng khi lm vic vi PSTN hay min chuyn mch knh th cn c mt SGW chuyn i truyn ti bo hiu. 1.4.2.11 Server ng dng (AS) 3GPP c t rng mi UE u c mng nh v c th ng k tp cc dch v vi mng nh ca n (cc dch v ng k ti mng nh). Cc tiu chun 3GPP hin Nguyn Minh Quang D04VT2 15
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thi i hi rng mng nh ca UE phi cung cp iu khin dch v cho mng khch. Cc AS khng ch n thun l cc thc th IMS m ng hn l cc chc nng trn cng ca IMS. Cc AS c trnh by y nh l b phn ca IMS v chng l cc thc th cung cp cc dch v a phng tin gi tr gia tng trong IMS. AS ng trong mng nh ca ngi s dng hay ti v tr ca ngi th ba. Cc dch v cung cp khng ch hn ch trn cc dch v da trn SIP m c cc dch v da trn mi trng dch v ca mng thng minh CAMEL (Customized Application for Mobile network Enhanced Logic) v kin trc dch v m (OSA). 1.4.2.12 Chc nng quyt nh chnh sch (PDF) PCF chu trch nhim a ra cc quyt nh v chnh sch da trn thng tin phin v thng tin lin quan n phng tin nhn c t P-CSCF. N hot ng nh mt im quyt nh chnh sch iu khin SBLP (Service based local policy: chnh sch a phng da trn dch v). 1.4.2.13 Cng an ninh (SEG) SEG bo v h thng thng tin gia cc min an ninh, lu lng s c truyn qua cng an ninh (SEG) trc khi vo hoc ra min an ninh. Min an ninh c coi l mt mng c qun l bi mt thm quyn qun l. Thng thng y l bin gii ca cc nh khai thc mng. SEG c t ti bin ca min an ninh v n p t chnh sch an ninh ca min an ninh cho cc SEG khc trong min an ninh kt cui. Nh khai thc mng phi c nhiu SEG trong mng ca mnh trnh s c. SEG c th c quy nh tng tc vi tt c cc kt cui min an ninh hay ch c nh ngha cho mt tp con cc kt cui ny. 1.4.3 Cc giao din trong IMS Cc giao din chnh ca IMS nh trn hnh 1.6 v c th phn loi thnh mt s nhm. Cc giao din iu khin dch v v bo hiu da trn SIP gm: Mg, Mi, Mj, Mk, Mr, Mw, Gm, ISC. Tt c cc giao din ny s dng bo hiu SIP. Giao din Mg cho php CSCF tng tc vi MGCF. Giao din Mi cho php CSCF chuyn bo hiu phin n BGCF c th chuyn n mng chuyn mch knh. Giao din Mj cho php mt BGCF chuyn bo hiu phin n mt MGCF c la chn truyn phin n mng chuyn mch knh. Nguyn Minh Quang D04VT2 16
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Giao din Mk cho php mt BGCF chuyn bo hiu phin n mt BGCF khc. Giao din Mr cho php S-CSCF tng tc vi mt MRFC. Giao din Mw cho php mt I-CSCF hng cc kt cui ti my di ng n mt S-CSCF. Giao din Gm giao din ny c s dng truyn ti tt c cc bn tin bo hiu SIP gia UE v IMS. Phn t IMS giao din vi UE l P-CSCF. Giao din ISC c s dng trao i bn tin bo hiu gia S-CSCF vi cc AS.
Hnh 1.6 Kin trc IMS vi cc giao din Cc giao din cho cc cng phng tin da trn bo hiu H248/MEGACO gm cc giao din Mc v Mp. Giao din Mc cho php mt cng bo hiu iu khin cng phng tin. Chng hn n c s dng gia MGCF v IMS-MGW, gia MSC server v CS-MGW hay gia GMSC server v CS-MGW. Giao din Mp cho php MRFC iu khin cc ti nguyn lung phng tin do MRFP cung cp Giao din s dng giao thc DIAMETER: Cx, Gq, Dx, Sh, Dh
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Giao din Cx. Giao din gia CSCF v HSS cho php CSCF nhn c thng tin di ng v nh tuyn lin quan n ngi s dng di ng CSCF c th xc nh cch x l phin t HSS. Giao din ny c I-CSCF v S-CSCF s dng khi ngi s dng ng k phin hoc iu khin phin. Giao din Gq. Giao din ny c s dng truyn ti thng tin thit lp chnh sch gia chc nng ng dng v PDF khi PDF ng ring. Giao din ny ch c trong R5. Giao din Dx. Khi c nhiu HSS vi cc a ch khc nhau c s dng trong mng, c hai I-CSCF v HSS u khng th bit cn tip xc vi HSS no, v th chng trc tin phi tip xc vi SLF. Dx c s dng cho trng hp ny. Giao din Sh. Mt AS c th cn hi HSS v s liu ca ngi s dng hoc yu cu SIP c gi n S-CSCF no. HSS lu gi danh sch cc AS m n cho php nhn hoc lu cc s liu ny. Giao din Dh. Giao din ny c s dng kt hp vi giao din Sh tm kim HSS trong trng hp c nhiu HSS vi a ch khc nhau c s dng trong mng. Cc giao din vi cc mng ngoi gm Mb, Mm, v Go. Giao din Mb l giao din nh tuyn v truyn ti tiu chun IPv6 vi cc mng IP ngoi. Giao din Mb c th ging nh giao din Gi Giao din Mm l giao din bo hiu da trn IP tiu chun x l bo hiu gia IMS v cc mng IP ngoi. Giao din Go cho php PCF (chc nng iu khin chnh sch) p dng iu khin chnh sch v s dng knh mng trong GGSN. Giao din ny s dng giao thc COPS (Common open policy service: dch v chnh sch m chung). Giao din ny cho php cc nh khai thc iu khin QoS trong mt phng ngi s dng v trao i cc thng tin lin quan tnh cc gia IMS v mng GPRS. Giao din vi mng thng minh CAMEL: Si. Giao din ny c s dng giao thc MAP (mobile application part: phn ng dng di ng). Giao din ny c CAMEL AS (IM-SSF) s dng truyn thng tin vi HSS. Giao din Si c s dng truyn ti thng tin ng k CAMEL t HSS n IM-SSF.
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Giao din gia UE vi AS: Ut. Giao din ny cho php UE qun l l lp cu hnh thng tin lin quan n dch v ca n mt cch an ninh. Giao din ny c chun ha trong R6.
1.5 M hnh IMS ca mt s t chc tiu chun Bn cnh 3GPP, cc t chc khc nh IETF, ITU-T, ETSI... cng nghin cu v a ra cc pht hnh v IMS.
1.5.1 M hnh IMS ca ITU-T ITU-T tip cn mng NGN t nn tng c nh PSTN/ISDN. Mng PSTN/ ISDN hin nay pht trin ton cu, s lng thu bao hin ang chim u th hn hn so vi cc thu bao di ng hay Internet. Nhng vi c s cng ngh mng th vn da trn nn mng chuyn mch knh v u cui c nh khng c kh nng p ng cc dch v thng minh, hn na mng truy nhp vn cha s ha hon ton do vy kh nng truyn ti tc cao bng thng ln vi mng c nh bc l nhiu khuyt im. Kin trc c xy dng trn c s k tha mng chuyn mch knh truyn thng. Theo kin trc IMS ca ITU-T ch yu cung cp dch v thoi v cc dch v a phng tin trn cc u cui thuc mng PSTN v ngi dng mng IMS.
Hnh 1.7 M hnh IMS theo ITU-T
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M hnh IMS m ITU-T a ra c y cc thnh phn bt buc ca phn h IM ni chung bao gm: Cc thnh phn iu khin IMS: P-CSCF, S-CSCF, ICSCF, cc thnh phn iu khin ti nguyn v iu khin tng tc: BGCF, MGCF, SGW, v cc thnh phn iu khin ti nguyn v tng tc phng tin: MGF, MGW. Chc nng ca cc thnh phn ny tng t nh chc nng cc phn t trong m hnh IMS tng qut. Kin trc li IMS, kin trc phn phi dch v, kin trc kt ni lin mng v kin trc tnh cc. 1.5.2 M hnh IMS trong NGN ca ETSI Vic chun ho IMS c hai t chc 3GPP v ITU-T chu trch nhim chnh. Ngoi ra, IMS cn c tip tc chun ho bi t chc ETSI nh mt chun da trn mng IP cung cp cc dch v a phng tin. M hnh IMS m t chc ETSI ny a ra c xem xt trn nn tng v dch v Internet. Internet hin nay c tc pht trin nhanh nht, ch trong khong thi gian c 10 nm, Inernet pht trin ton cu. Nn tng cng ngh cho Internet da trn cng ngh gi IP do vy Internet c coi l mng d liu c kh nng truyn ti ln nht. Tuy nhin, Internet khng m bo cht lng i vi cc dch v thi gian thc v hng kt ni. Khi xy dng m hnh IMS trn nn tng mng Internet vn chnh l vic qun l v iu khin cht lng dch v i vi cc dch v yu cu cc mc QoS khc nhau. M hnh m ETSI a ra nh hnh 1.8.
Hnh 1.8 M hnh IMS ca ETSI Nguyn Minh Quang D04VT2 20
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Vi kin trc IMS ca ETSI, so vi kin trc ca 3GPP th mt s khi chc nng c thm vo thc hin chc nng tng tc vi cc mng IP khc nh IWF, SPDF, I-BCF, SGF. Cn li cc thnh phn c s d liu HSS, thnh phn iu khin IMS gm P-CSCF, I-CSCF, S-CSCF; thnh phn iu khin tng tc nh MGCF, BGCF, SGW; cc thnh phn tng tc nh OSA-SCS, OSA-AS, IMSSF, CSE; cc thnh phn ti nguyn MRF; thnh phn tng tc phng tin MGW; v cc giao din trong mng u tng t nh kin trc ca 3GPP. Vi kin trc IMS ca ETSI, so vi kin trc ca 3GPP th mt s khi chc nng c thm vo thc hin chc nng tng tc vi cc mng IP khc nh IWF, SPDF, I-BCF, SGF. Cn li cc thnh phn c s d liu HSS, thnh phn iu khin IMS gm P-CSCF, I-CSCF, S-CSCF; thnh phn iu khin tng tc nh MGCF, BGCF, SGW; cc thnh phn tng tc nh OSA-SCS, OSA-AS, IMSSF, CSE; cc thnh phn ti nguyn MRF; thnh phn tng tc phng tin MGW; v cc giao din trong mng u tng t nh kin trc ca 3GPP. 1.5.3 So snh m hnh IMS ca ITU-T, ETSI v 3GPP Mt s c im ging v khc nhau trong kin trc IMS ca ba t chc ITU-T, ETSI v 3GPP c th c tng kt nh bng sau: Bng 1.1 So snh c im ca cc m hnh IMS
cim so snh
ITU-T Quan im xy Cung cp dch v a dng phng tin cho cc u cui PSTN/ ISDN Phn t chc Thnh phn c s d Thnh phn c s d nng trong kin liu HSS liu HSS kin Cc thnh phn iu Cc thnh phn iu khin IMS: P-CSCF, khin IMS: P-CSCF, I-CSCF, S-CSCF I-CSCF, S-CSCF Cc thnh phn iu Cc thnh phn iu khin ti nguyn v khin ti nguyn v iu khin tng tc iu khin tng tc BGCF, MGCF, BGCF, MGCF, SGW SGW Cc thnh phn ti Cc thnh phn ti nguyn v tng tc nguyn v tng tc phng tin MGF, phng tin MGF, Nguyn Minh Quang D04VT2
3GPP Cung cp dch v a phng tin cho cc u cui 3G
IETF Cung cp dch v a phng tin cho cc trm (host) C cc phn t chc nng nh 3GPP v ITU-T nhng b sung thm phn h iu khin chp nhn v ti nguyn (RACS) cha cc khi chc nng IWF, I-BCF, SGF, SPDF thc hin tng tc vi cc mng trc y. 21
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MGW.
MGW.
Kt lun chng Trong chng ny nghin cu tng quan v IMS, s ra i v pht trin ca IMS, cc yu cu kin trc trong IMS, cu trc chc nng IMS cng nh chc nng ca cc thc th trong IMS. Bn cnh trong chng ny cn cp ti cc m hnh ca cc t chc khc nh ITU-T, ETSI Cch tip cn IMS ca cc t chc l khc nhau. ITU-T nh hng xy dng mng NGN ca mnh t nn tng mng c nh, IETF li xy dng NGN vi nn tng l mng Internet cn 3GPP xy dng NGN vi nn tng mng di ng 3G. D la chn nn tng no i na, khi xy dng NGN th tt c cc mng hin ti nh 3G, Internet, hay PSTN/ISDN... u hi t chung thnh mt mng duy nht cung cp a loi hnh dch v ti ngi dng u cui. Tuy nhin vn la chn nn tng xy dng NGN s quyt nh tc thnh cng khi xy dng NGN. Mng 3G hin nay c tc pht trin vt bc, mc d ra i sau PSTN/ ISDN v Internet nhng 3G pht trin mc ton cu (UMTS). 3G c xy dng trn nn mng thng minh PLMN v cn thng minh hn na. Vi cc cng ngh truy nhp tin tin nh TDMA, CDMA v u cui thng minh, 3G cho php ngi dng u cui va c kh nng s dng dch v thi gian thc li c kh nng truyn ti v truy nhp d liu. Nh vy so vi PSTN/ ISDN v Internet th 3G thc hin c bc u trong tin trnh hi nhp dch v thoi v d liu. iu ny to c hi rt thun tin 3G tin n NGN.
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Chng 2 Gii thiu c bn giao thc Diameter
CHNG II GII THIU C BN GIAO THC DIAMETER

2.1 Gii thiu Giao thc AAA RADIUS c pht trin vo nm u thp nin 90. Ti thi im Internet s dng rt khc, mi ngi s dng quay s kt ni Internet. Vi s pht trin ca web 2.0 v s tng ln khng ngng ca cc router v server truy nhp mng (NAS) do yu cu thay i v cn c giao thc thay th RADIUS. Vo thng 9 nm 2003 mt giao thc AAA Diameter mi c chun ha. Giao thc Diameter c pht trin gii quyt vn m RADIUS cn b ng. Trong ng dng mi nh mng truy nhp ni b khng dy (WLAN) v Voice over IP (VoIP) Diameter tt hn v ph hp hn i vi ngi dng chuyn vng. Diameter c pht trin bi Pat Calhoun vo nm 1996 khi lm vic ti Sun Microsystem. Giao thc ny c pht trin t giao thc RADIUS. Giao thc Diameter bao gm giao thc c bn (RFC 3588) v phn m rng. Giao thc c bn c chun ha vo nm 2003 v by gi vn c coi l chun. Giao thc Diameter c hon thnh bi nhm lm vic AAA ca IETF. Duy tr v m rng c thc hin bi nhm Diameter duy tr v m rng (DIME). Qua nhiu nm rt nhiu bn nhp c vit v khng hiu lc. Hin ti giao thc Diameter c dng tp trung, hn ch, h tr truy nhp mng IP. Giao thc Diamter c thit k nhm ci tin giao thc RADIUS. ch n ca n l ti a ha kh nng v cho chuyn i n gin hn t RADIUS sang Diameter. Vi d vi bn tin Diameter, nh bn tin RADIUS nhng c thm cp gi tr thuc tnh (AVP).
Hnh 2.1 Tng quan v Diameter
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2.2 Khung Diameter
Hnh 2.2 Kin trc phn lp giao thc Diameter Giao thc Diameter bao gm giao thc c bn v ng dng giao thc Diameter ch ra trong hnh 2.3. Cc ng dng m rng ca giao thc Diameter c bn:
Hnh 2.3 Giao thc c bn Diameter Trong giao thc c bn chc nng c h tr cho tt c cc dch v, nh l c ch truyn tin cy, truyn bn tin v x l li. Giao thc c bn h tr tt c ng dng trn. Diameter chy trn giao thc iu khin truyn dn (TCP) (RFC 793) hoc Giao thc iu khin lung truyn dn (SCTP) (RFC 2960). S khc nhau gia cc nt Diameter l lin kt ni vi cu trc ngang cp peer-to-peer. Khung Diameter cho php kiu v cu trc ng dng push v pull. Giao thc c bn Diameter nh ngha tiu Diameter v cp gi tr thuc tnh AVP (AVPs). ng dng c th m rng vi vic nh ngha bn tin mi v cc AVP v trong n v d liu giao thc (PDU-Protocol Data Units). Kh nng thch hp ngc vi giao thc, giao thc Diameter khng chia s PDU chung vi RADIUS. Cn c mt b dch dch gia Diameter v RADIUS.
2.3 Cc thnh phn Diameter Mt nt Diameter c th l my khch, thnh phn hoc my ch. Diameter my khch l thit b u cui ca mng thc hin iu khin truy nhp. Tc nhn Diameter c th l RELAY, PROXY, REDIRECT hoc TRANSLATION.
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Diameter thit lp nhn thc, cp quyn v thanh ton cho tng vng c th l ni c server t trong . Thnh phn Diameter thc hin mt s yu cu trong khi mt s th khng. Mt thnh phn c th l mt kiu thnh phn hoc l server i vi mt vi yu cu, nhng cng c th l thnh phn hoc my ch cho yu cu khc. 2.3.1 Thnh phn RELAY (Chuyn tip) c s dng truyn bn tin ti ch tng ng, ty thuc vo thng tin cha trong bn tin. Thnh phn RELAY cho php thay i bn tin bng cch thm vo hoc b i thng tin nh tuyn, nhng khng cho php sa i cc phn khc ca bn tin. Thnh phn Relay c bng nh tuyn vng cha danh sch cc vng h tr v bit cc nt. Hnh 2.4 a ra bn tin thuc 2 vng khc nhau:
Hnh2.4 Thnh phn Relay 2.3.2 Thnh phn PROXY (y quyn) C th c s dng cho truyn gi tin, nhng khng ging nh thnh phn Relay, thnh phn Proxy c th thay i ni dung bn tin cha bn trong v do d cung cp gi tr dch v, bt buc qui tc trn bn tin khc nhau, hoc thc hin qun l nhim v cho vng c th. Khi m thnh phn Proxy thay i bn tin th vic khng c bo mt u cui cng c th xy ra.
Hnh2.4 Thnh phn PROXY
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2.3.3 Thnh phn REDIRECT (Gi li) Mt thnh phn REDIRECT c th cho mt thnh phn bit ni tm thy Diameter server, v d nh server mng nh cho tng ngi dng c th. Hot ng nh 1 kho cha cu hnh tp trung cho nt Diameter khc. Khi n nhn 1 bn tin, n kim tra trong bng nh tuyn v gi tr li bn tin tr li vi thng tin gin tip ti bn gi. Bi v thnh phn REDIRECT khng thit lp bn tin, chng cng khng thay i bn tin. Khi mt yu cu vo thnh phn RELAY, thnh phn REIDIRECT cho bit server mng nh c t u. Sau thnh phn Relay c th thit lp kt ni ti server mng nh. Hnh 2.5 ch ra rng lm thc th Redirect hot ng nh th no. Hnh 2.5 di y l ging nh hnh 2.4 nhng lc ny tc nhn Proxy khng bit a ch lin lc vi nt Diameter v example.com. Do n tm kim thng tin trong thc th Redirect trong vng ca n ly a ch:
Hnh 2.5 Diameter Redirect Agent 2.3.4 Thnh phn TRANSLATION (Dch) Trong nhng thnh phn c, c thnh phn c bit gi l thnh phn dch. Tng ng vi tn gi ca thnh phn ny chc nng chnh ca n chnh l chuyn i bn tin t giao thc AAA sang dng khc. Thc th Translation c th cung cp kh nng tng thch ngc.
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Hnh 2.6 Thc th Diameter Translation Hnh 2.6 ch ra rng cch 1 thc th Translation chuyn t giao thc RADIUS sang giao thc Diameter. Nhng d nhin vn c nhiu giao thc dch khc nh v d nh l Diameter sang RADIUS hoc Diameter sang TACACS +)
2.4 nh dng bn tin Diameter Giao thc Diameter bao gm tiu Diameter vi 1 hay nhiu cu trc AVP MAC header IP header SCTP header Diameter header Data. MAC header IP header TCP header Diameter header Data. Hnh 2.7 nh dng bn tin
Bn tin Diameter l n v d liu c bn gi 1 cu lnh hoc chuyn thng bo ti nt Diameter khc. Vi nhiu mc ch khc nhau, giao thc Diameter nh ngha nhiu kiu bn tin khc nhau, c nhn dng bi m lnh. V d nh bn tin yu cu thanh ton (Accounting-Request) c nhn ra bi bn tin cha nhng thng tin lin quan n thanh ton, trong khi bn tin yu cu kh nng trao i (Capability-Exchange-Request) c nhn ra bi bn tin ny cha nhng thng tin v kh nng gi bn tin ca nt Diameter. Do vic trao i bn tin ca Diameter l ng b, mi bn tin tng ng vi bn sao vi vic chia s cng m lnh. M ]lnh c s dng nhn dng mc ch ca bn tin, nhng tuy nhin trn thc t d liu c mang cp gi tr thuc tnh AVPs (Attribute-Value-Pair). Giao thc Diameter xc nh trc cp gi tr thuc tnh chung, nhng bt buc mi thuc tnh tng ng vi cu lnh. Nhng AVP ny mang thng tin chi tit v AAA nh l nh tuyn, bo mt, v thng tin gia 2 nt Diameter. Thm vo , mi AVP c kt hp vi nh dng d liu AVP, c nh ngha trong giao thc Diameter (v d, Octetstring, interger 32) v th gi tr ca mi thuc tnh phi i km sau vi nh dng d liu.
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Hnh 2.8 Cu trc gi tin c bn Diameter Trng version: 8 bit Ch nh phin bn ca Diameter. Trng chiu di bn tin 24 bit Kch c bn tin bao gm trng tiu bn tin. Trng c 0 0 R 0 1 P 02 03 04 05 06 07
E T Dnh ring R, Request 1 bit Nu t, bn tin tr thnh bn tin yu cu. Nu khng th th bn tin s l tr li. P, Proxiable 1bit Nu t, bn tin c th tr thnh proxy. Nu khng bn tin phi t thnh x l ni b. E, Li, 1 bit Nu t, bn tin cha li, bn tin vi bit ny s c t khi bn tin li. Bit ny khng c t trong bn tin yu cu. T,Bn tin truyn li, 1 bit C ny c t khi tin hnh truyn li, xa b bn sao. C ny ch c t duy nht trong bn tin yu cu. Trng dnh ring, 4 bit Phi xa tr thnh 0. Trng nhn dng ng dng S dng nhn dng bn tin thuc ng dng no. ng dng c th l ng dng v nhn thc, ng dng v thanh ton hoc ng dng v nh sn xut. Trng Nguyn Minh Quang D04VT2 28
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nhn dng ng dng nm trong tiu phi ging vi nhn dng c cha trong bt k cc AVP no c lin quan trong bn tin. Trng nhn dng tng chng, Hop by Hop, 32 bit Trng ny gip cc bn tin yu cu v p ng. Bn gi phi m bo rng trng nhn dng l duy nht trong bn tin yu cu khi gi ti bt k thi im no, v c th cng c gng s ny l duy nht khi khi ng li. Bn gi ca bn tin tr li phi m bo rng trng ny c cng gi tr c tm thy trong bn tin p ng li bn tin yu cu. Trng nhn dng bnh thng s tng ln khi gi tr khi to ca n l ngu nhin. Mt bn tin tr li m khi nhn c m khng bit v trng nhn dng ny s b loi b. Trng nhn dng u cui, end to end. 32 bit Trng ny c s dng pht hin bn tin lp. Bn gi ca bn tin yu cu phi chn trng nhn dng ny v phi l duy nht mi bn tin. Bn pht bn tin tr li phi m bo trng ny cha cng gi tr c tm thy trong bn tin yu cu tng ng. Trng ny khng c thay i ti bt k nt Diameter no. S kt hp gia Origin-Host (host gc) v trng ny c s dng tm bn tin lp. ( Trng nhn dng tng chng Hop by Hop v nh tuyn AVPs c th c a ra) v khng nh hng ti bt k trng thi c t khi bn tin yu cu gc c x l. M lnh Diameter 24 bit Trng m lnh c nh ngha trong giao thc c bn Diameter c a ra trong bng 2.1. Mt bn tin yu cu v tr li c cng m lnh ging nhau. Bng 2.1 Bng m lnh Diameter Tn bn tin
Yu cu kh nng trao i Tr li kh nng trao i Device-Watchdog-Request Device-Watchdog-Answer Yu cu ngt kt ni ngang cp Tr li yu cu kt ni ngang cp Yu cu MIP thc th mng nh Tr li MIP thc th mng nh Yu cu AA Tr li AA Yu cu bi b ngang phin Tr li bi b ngang phin Yu cu thanh ton Tr li thanh ton Yu cu nhn thc li Tr li nhn thc li
Tn vit tt
CER CEA DWR DWA DPR DPA HAR HAA AAR AAA ASR ASA ACR ACA RAR RAA
M lnh
257 257 280 280 282 282 262 262 265 265 274 274 271 271 258 258
Tham kho (IETF)

RFC 3588 RFC 3588 RFC 3588 RFC 3588 RFC 3588 RFC 3588 RFC 4004 RFC 4004 RFC 4005 RFC 4005 RFC 4005 RFC 4005 RFC 4005 RFC 4005 RFC 4005 RFC 4005
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CCR CCA LIR LIA MAR MAA PPR PPA RTR RTA SAR SAA UAR UAA CCR CCA 275 275 285 285 286 286 288 288 287 287 284 284 283 283 272 272 RFC 4005 RFC 4005 RFC 4040 RFC 4040 RFC 4040 RFC 4040 RFC 4040 31 RFC 4040 RFC 4040 RFC 4040 RFC 4040 RFC 4040 RFC 4040 RFC 4040 RFC 4006 RFC 4006
Yu cu iu khin tn dng Tr li iu khin tn dng Yu cu thng tin nh v Tr li thng tin nh v Yu cu nhn thc a phng tin Tr li nhn thc a phng tin Yu cu truyn d liu 0d liu 7 8 Tr li truyn Yu cu kt thc ng k AVP code Tr li kt thc ng k AVP flags AVP length Yu cu ch nh server Vendor ID Tr li ch nh server Data ngi dng Yu cu cp quyn Tr li cp quyn ngi dng Yu cu iu khin tn dng Tr li iu khin tn dng
Diameter AVP 1 cu trc c s dng ng gi giao thc d liu c th c bit gi d liu hoc cha thng tin nhn thc, cp quyn v thng tin thanh ton. Hnh 2.9 nh dng AVP
Trng c AVP, 8 bit 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 V M P Reserved V, Vendor-specific, 1 bit Nu t, Trng nh danh nh sn xut c a ra. M, c tnh bt buc, 1 bit Nu t, cho bit rng AVP ny c yu cu h tr. P, 1bit Nu t, bo mt u cui c cn n. Reserved, trng dnh ring, 5 bit Kch c ca tiu AVP v d liu trong cc byte. Trng chiu di, cho bit chiu di AVP khng c phn n
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D liu Diameter AVP c th c kiu nh dng sau: OctetString, Interger32, Interger64, Unsigned32, Unsigned64, Float32, Float64 v Grouped. Grouped cc AVP c s dng cho nhiu AVP trong 1 AVP. Trong trng hp ny trng d liu AVP cha nhiu AVP. Trng Vendor ID, 32 bit Trng ny c a ra khi m bit V c t trong trng c ca AVP. Trng ny cha IANA gn gi tr M qun l c nhn mng SMI (SMI Network Management Private Enterprise Codes), c m ha theo th t. Bt k nh sn xut u b sung mt Vendor-specific Diameter AVP s dng Vendor ID ca ring h vi qun l khng gian a ch AVP ca ring mnh, m bo rng chng khng xung t vi bt k AVP vendor-specific ca cc nh sn xut khc, v trong ng dng tng lai. Khi m trng ny khng c th phi chn thm cc bit gi tr 0 vo. Trng m lnh 32 bit Khi kt hp vi nh danh nh sn th thuc tnh c nh danh duy nht. Gi tr AVP t 1 n 255 c dnh ring cho RADIUS m khng c trng Vendor ID. Gi tr AVP t 256 tr ln s dng cho Diameter, c cp pht bi IANA. Bng 2.2 Mt s AVPs
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1-255 257 259 260 261 264 265 266 267 268 269 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 292 293 294 295 296 320 321 322 323
Chng 2 Gii thiu c bn giao thc KhoDiameter

Thuc tnh RADIUS Host-IP-Address. Acct-Application-Id. Vendor-Specific-Application-Id. Redirect-Host-Usage. Origin-Host. Supported-Vendor-Id. Vendor-Id. Firmware-Version. Result-Code. Product-Name. Origin-State-Id. Failed-AVP. Proxy-Host. Error-Message. Route-Record. Destination-Realm. Proxy-Info. Re-Auth-Request-Type. Redirect-Host. Destination-Host. Error-Reporting-Host. Termination-Cause. Origin-Realm. MIP-Reg-Request. MIP-Reg-Reply. MIP-MN-AAA-Auth. MIP-HA-to-FA-SPI. RFC 4004 RFC 4004 RFC4740 RFC4740 RFC4740 RFC 3588 RFC 3588 RFC 3588 RFC 3588
M t
Tham
325 MIP-MN-to-FA-MSA. 326 MIP-FA-to-MN-MSA. Nguyn Minh Quang D04VT2 369 SIP-Accounting-Server-URI. 370 SIP-Credit-Control-Server-URI. 379 SIP-Authenticate.
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2.5 Mt s c im ca giao thc Diameter 2.5.1 Vn chuyn

Giao thc Diameter chy trn SCTP v TCP. Diameter khch h tr 1 trong 2 giao thc, trong khi cc thc th khc v server phi h tr c 2. Mt nt Diameter c th khi to kt ni t port ngun ti mt ch m n chp nhn kt ni, v phi chun b nhn kt ni trn cng 3868. Mt c ch l khng s dng nhiu hn 1 kt ni vn chuyn vi nt ngang cp, tr phi trng hp nhiu nt tn ti v mi trng hp l kt ni ring bit v c cho php x l. Khi khng c kt ni vn chuyn tn ti vi nt ngang cp, vic c gng kt ni theo chu k s c tin hnh. Cch c x ny c thit lp thng qua Tc Timer, vi gi tr l 30s. 2.5.1.1 SCTP SCTP c thit k truyn bn tin bo hiu PSTN trn mng IP, nhng cng c th cho cc ng dng khc rng hn. STCP l giao thc truyn tin cy hot ng, n cung cp nhng dch v sau ti ngi dng: Xc thc li truyn ca ngi dng. Phn chia tp d liu ph hp vi MTU ca tng mng. Chui bn tin ngi dng c sp xp vi a lung, vi s ty chn th t ni n ca tng bn tin ring bit. ng gi ty chn nhiu bn tin ngi dng vo trong mt gi SCTP. Kh nng chu ng li mng thng qua h tr multi-homing mt trong hai hay c hai u cui lin kt. Thit k SCTP bao gm trnh tc nghn v chng li qu trnh flood v tn cng gi mo. MAC header Tiu SCTP 0 Source port Vertication tag Checksum Chunk (1n) 15 Desinaion port 31 IP header SCTP header Data
Hnh 2.10 nh dng bn tin SCTP Nguyn Minh Quang D04VT2 33
n tt nghip i Cng ngun. 16 bit
S cng ca SCTP bn gi. N c th c s dng kt hp vi a ch IP ngun. Khi ti bn nhn xc nh ngun, cng ch SCTP v c th a ch ch IP xc nh nt n m gi tin thuc v. Cng ch. 16 bit S cng SCTP m gi tin s c chuyn n. Bn nhn s s dng s cng ny truyn cc gi tin SCTP n ng im /ng dng nhn. Xc nhn th. 32 bit Bn nhn bn tin SCTP s s dng trng ny xc nhn tnh hp l ca gi tin SCTP pha gi. Trn qu trnh truyn, gi tr ca trng ny phi t gi tr INITIATE. Th nhn c t nt ngang cp u cui trong sut qu trnh khi to, s loi b vi trng hp sau: Mt gi cha mt INIT chunk c gi tr xc nhn th l 0. Gi cha mt SHUT_DOWN chunk vi bit T c t c xc nhn th copy t gi vi SHUT_DOWN chunk. Gi cha mt ABORT chunk s c xc nhn th copy t gi vi ABORT c gi. Mt INIT chunk phi c duy nht chunk trong gi SCTP mang n. Kim tra tng. 32 bit Cha kim tra tng ca gi tin SCTP. STCP s dng thut ton Adler-32 cho tnh ton kim tra tng. 2.5.1.2 TCP Giao thc TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) cung cp dch v truyn thng d liu nh hng truyn thng cho cc chng trnh - dch v chuyn dng (stream) tin cy. TCP cung cp mt mch o, cn c gi l kt ni. N cp kh nng t qung, kim tra li v iu khin lung. Cu trc tiu TCP:
Hnh 2.11 Cu trc tiu TCP Nguyn Minh Quang D04VT2 34
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Gii thch ngha cc trng: Source port, Destination port (cng ngun, cng ch): cha cc gi tr cng TCP xc nh cc chng trnh ng dng ti hai u kt ni. Mi khi TCP nhn gi d liu t IP, n s g b phn u IP v c phn u TCP. Sequence Number (s th t): xc nh v tr trong chui cc byte d liu trong segment ca ni gi. Acknowledgment Number (s xc nhn): xc nh s octet m ngun ang i nhn k tip. Lu l Sequence Number ch n lng d liu theo cng chiu vi segment, trong khi gi tr Acknowledgment Number ch n d liu ngc li vi segment n. Header length ( di tiu ): cha mt s nguyn xc nh di ca phn u segment, c tnh theo bi s ca 32 bit. Gi tr ny l cn thit v c phn Options c di thay i, ty thuc vo nhng la chn c a vo. Unused (d phng): c dnh ring s dng trong tng lai. Flags (bt m): gm c 6 bt xc nh mc ch v ni dung ca segment, din dch cc ni dung trong phn u da vo ni dung cc bit. V d segment ch chuyn ti ACK, hoc ch chuyn a d liu hay ti nhng yu cu thit lp hoc ngt ni. Window (ca s): thng bo cho my tnh u cui kch thc vng m cho qu trnh truyn. Urgent pointer (con tr khn cp): yu cu kt ni gi d liu ngoi dng xc nh, chng trnh nhn phi c thng bo lp tc ngay khi d liu n cho d n nm u trong vng d liu. Sau khi x l xong d liu khn cp, TCP thng bo cho chng trnh ng dng tr v trng thi thng thng. n v truyn gia hai phn mm TCP trn hai my c gi l segment. Cc segment c trao i thit lp kt ni, truyn d liu, gi cc ACK (thng bo xc nhn nhn d liu), thng bo kch thc ca ca s (nhm ti u ha qu trnh truyn v nhn d liu) v ngt kt ni. 2.5.2 Nt ngang cp Diameter Diameter l giao thc ngang hng. Trong phn ny thit lp kt ni v lin kt vi cc nt c m t. Nt Diameter nn c ti thiu 2 nt trn min, nt th cp v nt s cp. Cc nt Diameter c kt ni c lu tr trong bng ngang cp. Nguyn Minh Quang D04VT2 35
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Khm ph ngang cp lm cho giao thc Diameter n gin hn v hiu qu hn. Vic lm ny din ra khi m nt c th cn khm ph ra thc th Diameter u tin hoc khi my khch cn khm ph ra thc th khc cho qu trnh x l xa hn. C ch ny da trn chun IETF. C ch ny c cu hnh bng tay cho v tr thc th (cu hnh tnh), Giao thc v tr dch v (SRVLOC) (RFC 2608) v Server tn min (DNS) (RFC 1034, RFC 1035). Khi hai nt mun thit lp kt ni, chng s dng bn tin trao i tm kim cc nt v kh nng trao i. Kh nng trao i c th s dng ti cc nt k tip. Sau khi yu cu kh nng trao i lun l bn tin tr li kh nng trao i. Khi nt mt kt ni, yu cu ngt kt ni c s dng cho nt bit vic ngt kt ni tng vn chuyn, v nt s khng kt ni li tr khi n c l do no . Khi nt ngt kt ni m khng c bn tin Disconect-Peer nt s c gng lin lc li theo chu k. i vi 1 nt Diameter, khm ph v tr ngang cp cng ging nh cu hnh nh tuyn s c lu tr s dng 2 bng Diameter. Peer Table, 1 Bng ngang cp c s dng lu tr a ch host ca cc nt Diameter. Thng tin khc c tm thy 1 cch t ng nh l tnh trng, thng tin bo mt, cng c trong bng nh tuyn Peer Routing Table, c 4 ct quan trng yu cu ch bn tin nh tuyn. u tin chnh l tn vng v tn ng dng, c coi nh l tiu chun cho bn tin nh tuyn. Bc tip theo chnh l ly c ch bn tin, c th l PROXY, RELAY, REDIRECT, hoc LOCAL. C ch LOCAL ngha l bn tin nn uc x l ni b thay v chuyn ti nt khc. 2.5.3 Kt ni v phin Sau khi nt ngang cp ph hp c tm ra, bc thc hin tip theo l kt ni ti nt . Mt kt ni vt l gia cc nt Diameter c thit lp. N l bt buc cho giao thc Diameter chy TCP hoc SCTP. So snh vi UDP, s dng trong RADIUS, 2 giao thc ny cung cp truyn tin cy hn, n c tnh cht quan trng trong ng dng trao i thng tin thanh ton. Giao thc Diameter a ra cu trc c bn l cu trc ngang hng peer-topeer, c th c hn nhiu 1 kt ni c thit lp cho tng nt c th. Giao thc Diameter nh ngha 1 cch r rng nt Diameter phi c thit lp 1 kt ni gia 2 nt ngang cp ti vng nh, hot ng nh l im s cp v th cp. D nhin kt ni s c thit lp khi cn.
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So snh vi kt ni, phin l kt ni logic gia 2 nt Diameter, v c th l nhiu kt ni. Mt phin trn thc t l khi nim cc chui cc hnh ng trong khung thi gian, v c tc ng ln nhau gia nt Diameter client v Diameter server trong khong thi gian c a ra. Mi phin trong Diameter c kt hp vi 1 nhn dng phin (Session Id) client m l tng qut v duy nht. Session-Id c s dng nhn dng tng phin ring bit trong sut qu trnh lin lc.
Hnh 2.12 phin v kt ni trong Diameter Khi to phin Nh hu ht kiu kt ni client-server, 1 phin Diameter bt u bi bn tin yu cu t my khch ti my ch. Diameter khch s gi 1 bn tin yu cu nhn thc cha session-id duy nht khng trng vi bn tin khc ti Diameter server (hoc Diameter proxy nu bn tin chuyn yu cu). Ch rng AVPs c s dng cho nhn thc v cp quyn cho ng dng c th v chng khng nh ngha trong giao thc c bn Diameter. Sau khi chp nhn bn tin yu cu nhn thc, Diameter server c th bao gm AVP cp quyn thi gian sng trong bn tin tr li. AVP ny c s dng ch nh thi gian tnh bng giy cho Diameter client cn nhn thc li. Sau khi ht thi gian Diameter server s kt thc phin t danh sch phin v xo ti nguyn cp pht cho phin . Phin Trong sut phin, Diameter server c th bt u bn tin yu cu nhn thc li v cp quyn li. Vi dch v tr cc, kiu ca bn tin yu cu c s dng kim tra c hay khng ngi dng vn s dng dch v, nu khng c Server s b i phin trnh tnh trng tnh thm cc. Do , Origin-State-id AVP c s dng cho giao din ca chp nhn kt thc phin. Bn tin request ca ngi gi s bao gm AVP ny, v bi v n c yu cu cho gi tr ca AVP ny bn nhn bn tin yu cu ny c th kt lun rng phin ny kho, theo mt cch khc bi v thit b truy nhp c th b ngt hoc Nguyn Minh Quang D04VT2 37
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bi v mt vi tnh trng khc. Bn nhn bn tin yu cu c th b i phin trong danh sch, gii phng ti nguyn. Kt thc phin Bn tin kt thc phin c s dng duy nht trong qu trnh nhn thc v cp quyn v khi m trng thi phin c duy tr. i vi dch v thanh ton, bn tin dng tnh cc c s dng. Bn tin kt thc phin c th khi to bi Diamter khch hoc Diameter ch. Khi 1 phin c coi l ngt, Diameter khch gi 1 bn tin yu cu kt thc phin ti Diameter server. AVP kt thc c trong bn tin yu cu ny ni vi Diameter server rng l do ti sao phin li kt thc. Thng thng, nu Diameter server tm thy phin nn kt thc bi v ngi dng c th ht ti khon hoc ch cho mc ch qun tr-Diameter server gi bn tin yu cu hu b phin (Abort-SessionRequest) ti Diameter khch. Tuy nhin, Diameter khch c th quyt nh khng ng phin ny li thm ch khi nhn c bn tin kt thc phin t server, v n vn ngi dng duy tr dch v. 2.5.4 Bo mt trong Diameter Cc Diameter client, nh l NAS (server truy cp mng) v th th di ng h tr bo mt IP (IPsec) v h tr TLS. Diameter server phi h tr c 2 l TLS v IPsec. Giao thc Diameter khng c s dng khi khng c bt k c ch h tr no (TLS hoc IPsec). Nhiu gi a ra rng IPsec c th c s dng ti bin v trong lu lng ni ph hp i vi NAS h tr. C gi a ra trong lin min s dng TLS. Khi kt ni Diameter khng c bo v bi IPsec, cc bn tin CER/CEA cha Inband-Security-ID AVP vi gi tr ca TLS. i vi s dng TLS, bt tay TLS bt u vi c 2 u cui trong trng thi m, sau khi hon thnh trao i bn tin CER/CEA. Khi th tc bt tay TLS hon thnh, tt c cc bn tin sau s c gi thng qua TLS. Nu th tc bt tay tht bi, c 2 u cui s ng trng thi. 2.5.5 Thanh ton Chc nng tng qut ca thanh ton c m t trong giao thc c bn. Thanh ton da trn mt server vi kh nng truyn thi gian thc v thng tin thanh ton. Mt m hnh server trc tip ngha l thit b to ra bn ghi thanh ton km vi s cp quyn server. Khi mt Diameter khch nhn thc v cp quyn thnh cng, n gi mt bn tin thnh ton (ACR) ti server. Bn tin tr li (ACA) c s dng p ng li. Nguyn Minh Quang D04VT2 38
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Dch v thanh ton c th l trng hp 1 ln hoc ko di trong thi hn nht nh. Khi n l kiu th hai, bn ghi kiu thanh ton AVP c gi tr l START (bt u), STOP(dng), v c th l INTERM (chuyn tip). Trong giao thc c bn mt vi AVP c nh ngha a ra trong bn tin thanh ton. i vi ng dng khi ngi dng nhn dch v t thit b truy nhp khc (ng vi session-id), nh l Mobile IPv4, nh danh nhiu phin thanh ton AVP c th c s dng. 2.5.6 C ch truyn thay th v x l li C 2 kiu li c th xy ra: li giao thc v li ng dng. Li giao thc l li ti mc c bn ca giao thc bao gm vn nh tuyn. Li ng dng l vn vi chc nng c th trong ng dng Diameter. Khi vic vn chuyn li c pht hin ti mt nt, bn tin ang ch x l s c gi ti nt thay th v bit T trong trng c s c t. y l c ch truyn thay th ca Diameter. mt nt Diameter thc hin th tc truyn thay th, l iu cn thit cho nt duy tr hng i bn tin ang ch x l. Khi bn tin tr li c nhn, bn tin yu cu tng ng trong hng i s b xa b khi hng i. Trng nh dng tng chng hop-by-hop c s dng khp bn tin tr li vi yu cu hng i (RFC 3588). h tr vic pht hin li, giao thc Diameter nh ngha bn tin DeviceDogwatch-Request. Khi 2 nt Diameter khng th trao i bn tin trong mt khong thi gian di, bn tin ny c gi t mt trong s cc nt ny pht hin cc vn c th xy ra trong mng. i vi cc li khc nhau, gi tr Result-Code AVP cho bit rng yu cu c c gi thnh cng hoc xy ra li. Mi bn tin Diameter tr li c 1 Result-Code AVP. Gi tr Result-Code AVP c s dng bo co li giao thc c a ra trong bn tin tr li vi bit E c t. Khi 1 bn tin yu cu c nhn m nguyn nhn l do li giao thc, 1 bn tin tr li c gi tr li vi bit E c t, v Result-Code AVP c t tng ng vi gi tr li giao thc. Khi bn tin tr li c gi tr li bn gi bn tin yu cu, mi thc th Proxy hoc Relay c th tc ng ln bn tin.
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Hnh 2.16 V d v li giao thc v bn tin tr li Hnh 2.16 a ra 1 v d v bn tin chuyn i bi Diameter Relay. Khi bn tin c nhn bi Relay2, v n pht hin ra n khng th gi bn tin yu cu ti server mng nh, 1 bn tin tr li c gi tr li vi bit E c t v Result-Code AVP t thnh DIAMETER_UNABLE_TO_DELIVER. a ra trng hp li giao thc, Relay1 c tc ng t bit, vi li a ra, n c gng nh tuyn bn tin thng qua Relay3 thay th.
Hnh 2.17 V d v li ng dng bn tin tr li Hnh 2.17 a ra 1 v d v bn tin Diameter m nguyn nhn l do li ng dng. Khi li ng dng xy ra, bit R trong trng c s c xa v thm vo Result-Code AVP gi tr ph hp. ng dng li khng lin quan ti bt k proxy hay relay, v do bn tin s gi ngc tr li ti bn gi bn tin yu cu. 2.5.7 So snh vi giao thc RADIUS Diameter cung cp nhng chc nng m giao thc khc cng c th cung cp, v d nh truy nhp mng nh RADIUS, iu khin chnh sch nh dch v chnh sch m chung (COPS) (RFC 2748) v cng iu khin nh l H.248/Megaco (RFC 3525). Tuy nhin giao thc Diameter c thit k b sung mt s thuc tnh thiu st ca giao thc RADIUS nh giao thc vn chuyn, bo mt, cc tc nhn h tr, kh nng tha thun, khm ph ngang hng, bn tin khi to phc v, kch c thuc tnh d liu ti a c a ra trong bng 2.3. Nguyn Minh Quang D04VT2 40
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Bng 2.3 Tng kt s khc nhau gia Diameter v RADIUS Thuc tnh
Giao thc vn chuyn Bo mt Tc nhn h tr
Diameter
Giao thc kt ni c hng (TCP hoc SCTP) Hop-to-hop,end-to-end Relay, Proxy, Redirect, Translation H tr ng dng v bo mt Cu hnh tnh hoc ng c h tr, v d bn tin nhn thc li, kt thc phin 16777 215 octets H tr cc bn tin vendorspecific v thuc tnh
RADIUS
Giao thc khng c hng (UDP) Hop-to-hop H tr n ngha l thc th c th c b sung trong RADIUS server Khng h tr Cu hnh tnh Khng h tr 255 octets H tr duy nht thuc tnh vendor-specific
Kh nng tha thun Khm ph ngang hng Bn tin khi to phc v Kch c thuc tnh d liu ti a H tr Vendor-Specific
Kt lun chng Trong chng ny trnh by mt cch tng quan v giao thc Diameter: lch s, khung Diameter, cc thnh phn Diamter gm c cc thnh phn nh RELAY, PROXY, REDIRECT, TRANSLTAION, nh dng bn tin, mt s c im ca giao thc c bn Diameter nh vn chuyn, nt ngang cp, kt ni v phin, thanh ton, bo mt Nh vy, chng ny a ra ci nhn tng quan v mt s kha cnh v giao thc Diameter v y l nn tng cho cc vn chi tit lin quan mt s th tc trong IMS lin quan n giao thc Diameter. Chi tit v nhng vn ny s c trnh by chng sau.
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Chng 3 Giao thc Diamter trong IMS
CHNG III GIAO THC DIAMETER TRONG IMS

Chng ny cng cp ti qu trnh ng k, xa ng k vi giao din Cx v Dx, khi to phin v lm th no mt nh khai thc c th tnh cc ngi dng qua giao din Diameter (Ro v Rf).
3.1 Th tc ng k v xa ng k mc ng dng vi giao din Cx

3.1.1 ng k IMS u tin ng k IMS, cho php UE s dng cc dch v IMS, UE phi t c kt ni IP mang v tm ra mt im thc th IMS, v d P-CSCF. Trong trng hp UE truy nhp GPRS, UE thc hin th tc gia nhp GPRS v kch hot mt ng cnh giao thc d liu gi (PDP) cho bo hiu SIP. ng k IMS gm 2 pha: phn bn tri ca hnh 3.1 ch ra pha u tin mng mi gi UE nh th no? Phn bn phi ca hnh 3.1 ch ra pha 2- UE p tr s mi gi v hon thnh ng k ra sao?
Hnh 3.1 Lu ng k IMS mc cao u tin, UE gi mt yu cu ng k SIP tm ra P-CSCF. Yu cu ny s bao gm yu cu, nhn dng c ng k v mt tn min mng nh (a ch ca ICSCF). P-CSCF x l yu cu REGISTER v s dng tn min mng nh c cung cp quyt nh a ch IP ca I-CSCF. I-CSCF ln lt s lin h vi server thu bao nh (HSS) tm cc kh nng yu cu cho la chn S-CSCF. Sau khi la chn c S-CSCF, I-CSCF chuyn yu cu REGISTER ti S-CSCF. S-CSCF nhn ra rng ngi s dng cha c cp php, bi vy gi d liu nhn thc t HSS v thng bo ti ngi dng vi cu tr li 401- khng c php. Sau , UE s tnh ton cu tr li chng thc v gi mt yu cu REGISTER khc ti P-CSCF. P-CSCF li tm I-CSCF v I-CSCF s ln lt tm S-CSCF. Cui cng SNguyn Minh Quang D04VT2 42
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CSCF kim tra cu tr li v nu ng vi profile ngi dng ti t HSS v chp nhn ng k vi cu tr li 200 OK. Ngay khi UE c cp php thnh cng, UE c th khi to v nhn cc phin. Trong th tc ng k c UE v P-CSCF u bit c SCSCF no trong mng s phc v UE. Bng 3.1 Thng tin c lu trc, trong v sau qu trnh ng k. Node Trc khi ng k
a ch P-CSCF, tn min nh, giy y nhim, nhn dng ngi dng cng khai, nhn dng ngi dng ring.
Trong khi ng k
a ch P-CSCF, tn min mng, giy y nhim, nhn dng ngi dng cng khai, nhn dng ngi dng ring, kt hp bo mt.
Sau khi ng k
UE
P-CSCF
a ch HSS hoc SLF I-CSCF a ch HSS hoc SLF
S-CSCF
HSS
D liu nhn thc profile ngi dng, cc thng s la chn S-CSCF
a ch P-CSCF, tn min mng, giy y nhim, nhn dng ngi dng cng khai ng k n, nhn dng ngi dng c nhn, kt hp bo mt, thng tin nh tuyn dch v (S-CSCF). im vo mng ban im vo mng cui cng u, a ch IP UE, cc (S-CSCF), a ch UE, nhn dng ngi dng nhn dng ngi dng cng khai v ring, kt cng khai c ng k hp bo mt (v cc nhn dng ngi dng ng k n), ID nhn dng ngi dng ring, kt hp bo mt, a ch ca CCF HSS hoc vo SLF, a HSS hoc a ch SLF ch P-CSCF, a ch SCSCF Tn hoc a ch HSS, Tn hoc a ch HSS, profile ngi dng, tn profile ngi dng tn hoc a ch y quyn, hoc a ch y quyn, ID ID ngi dng cng ngi dng cng khai khai hoc ring, a ch hoc ring, a ch IP UE IP UE Profile ngi dng, P- Profile ngi dng bao CSCF, ID mng gm cp nhp trng thi ng k ca cc nhn dng ngi dng cng khai, tn S-CSCF.
Trch nhim ca UE l gi cho hot ng ng k ca n bng cch lm ti ng k mt cch nh k. Nu UE khng lm ti s ng k, khi y S-CSCF s im lng loi b ng k khi no khong thi gian ng k ht hiu lc. Khi UE mun ng k li t IMS, n gin UE gi mt yu cu REGISTER k c gi tr thi gian ng k bng khng (ht hiu lc). Nguyn Minh Quang D04VT2 43
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3.1.1.1 Lung thng tin ng k vi ngi dng cha ng k ng k mc ng dng c th c thc hin sau khi ng k truy nhp, v sau kt ni IP cho bo hiu c tch cc t mng truy nhp. Mc ch ca lung thng tin ng k l cc thu bao c th chuyn mng. Vi cc thu bao di chuyn trong mng nh ca n, mng nh s thc hin vai tr ca cc thnh phn mng nh v cc thnh phn ca mng khch. Phin kt cui di ng cho thu bao s c nh tuyn ti S-CSCF hoc ti mt MGCF (nu thu bao ang chuyn mng vo mt mng k tha). Khi mt phin kt cui di ng thit lp vo mt CSCF c trao quyn nh tuyn cc phin th CSCF s truy vn cc thng tin nh tuyn t HSS. im tham chiu Cx Diameter s h tr CSCF thu nhn thng tin nh tuyn t HSS. Kt qu thu c l cc tham s truyn bo hiu S-CSCF (v d a ch IP). M lnh cho ng dng giao din Cx/Dx c cp pht bi IANA trong IETF RFC 3589. i vi nhng cu lnh ny, trng nh danh ng dng c t thnh 16777216 (nhn dng ng dng ca ng dng giao din Cx/Dx). Khi mt ngi dng ng k vi mng, UE gi mt yu cu REGISTER tm ra P-CSCF, tm ra thc th mng nh ca ngi dng, I-CSCF. Sau I-CSCF trao i cc bn tin vi HSS (UAR v UAA). Bng 3.2 M lnh trong giao din Cx v Dx M lnh
Yu cu cp quyn ngi dng Tr li cp quyn ngi dng Yu cu gn tn Server Tr li gn tn Server Yu cu thng tin v tr Tr li thng tin v tr Yu cu kt thc ng k Tr li kt thc ng k Yu cu cp nht d liu Tr li cp nht d liu
Vit tt
UAR UAA SAR SAA LIR LIA RTR RTA PPR PPA
M
300 300 301 301 302 302 304 304 305 305
Khi I-CSCF nhn c mt yu cu REGISTER SIP t P-CSCF qua im tham chiu Mw n s cu khn mt truy vn trng thi ng k ngi dng, c bit trong chun l lnh yu cu cp php ngi dng (UAR User Authorization - Request) ny bao gm: Cu lnh UAR, c ch nh vi trng m lnh l 300(3GPP) v bit R c t trong trng c, c gi bi Diameter khc ti Diameter server yu cu cp quyn ng k ti server. nh dng bn tin:
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<Diameter header: 300, REQ, PXY, 16777216> <Session-Id> {Vendor-Specific-Application-Id} {Auth- Session-State} {Origin-Host} {Origin-Realm} [Destination-Host] {Destinaiton-Realm} {User-name} *[Supported-Features] {Public-Identity} {Visited-Network-Identifier} [User-Authorization-Type] *[AVP] *[Proxy]
Nhn dng ngi dng ring nhn dng n nhn dng duy nht ngi dng t mt phi cnh mng; User name AVP cha tn ngi dng; Nhn dng ngi dng chung nhn dng ng k; AVP ny cha nhn dng chung ca ngi dng trong IMS. C php ca AVP ny tng ng SIP URL (IETF RFC 3261 v IETF RFC 2396)hoc TEL URL (nh ngha trong IETF RFC 3966 ); Nhn dng mng khch (Visited-Network-Identifier) cc nhn dng mng IMS khch trong trng hp chuyn vng IMS. Da trn nhn dng ny HSS c th thc hin gii hn chuyn vng; Mng nh da vo trng nhn ny tm mng khch. Thng tin nh tuyn bao gm a ch ca HSS nu I-CSCF nhn bit. Nu ICSCF khng bit a ch ca HSS, lc ny SLF c s dng quyt nh mt HSS chnh xc; Loi cp php ba gi tr c th cho loi cc phn t thng tin cp php c nh ngha: o REGISTRATION bao gm gi tr hiu lc vi yu cu REGISTER khc 0. o REGISTRATION_CAPABILITIES bao gm gi tr hiu lc trong yu cu ng k khc 0 v I-CSCF truy vn cc kh nng S-CSCF (v d: khi gn SCSCF trc y khng p ng).
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o DE-REGISTRATION bao gm gi tr hiu lc trong yu cu REGISTER l bng 0. Sau khi nhn c lnh UAR, HSS gi mt lnh tr li cp php ngi dng (UAA User- Authorization- Answer). Cu lnh UAA, c ch nh vi trng m lnh l 300(3GPP) v bit R b xa trong trng c, c gi bi Diameter Server p li yu cu trc . Experimental-Result AVP c th cha mt gi tr AVP a ra. nh dng bn tin:
<Diameter header: 300, REQ, PXY, 16777216> <Session-Id> {Vendor-Specific-Application-Id} {Result-Code} {Experimental-Result} {Auth- Session-State} {Origin-Host} {Origin-Realm} *[Supported-Features] [Server-Name] [Server - Capabilities] [User-Authorization-Type] *[AVP] *[Proxy] *[Proxy - Info] *[Route - Record]
Kt qu - cho bit kt qu ca lnh UAR; Tn v cc kh nng S-CSCF ph thuc vo trng thi ng k hin thi ca ngi s dng; Cc kh nng S-CSCF c gi v nu ngi dng khng c tn S-CSCF c gn trong HSS hoc nu I-CSCF yu cu cc kh nng S-CSCF r rng; Mt khc, tn S-CSCF c gi tr li. Khi cc kh nng c gi v I-CSCF cn thc hin la chn S-CSCF. Kt qu l I-CSCF nhn c cc kh nng S-CSCF, min l trc y SCSCF cha c gn. Da trn cc kh nng nhn c I-CSCF la chn mt SCSCF ph hp. Thng tin kh nng c truyn gia HSS v I-CSCF trong cp gi tr thuc tnh (AVP attribute value pair) cc kh nng server. AVP cc kh nng server bao gm: AVP kh nng bt buc - loi AVP ny l khng nh du v bao gm cc kh nng bt buc ca S-CSCF. Mi kh nng bt buc c hiu lc trong mng ca nh vn hnh ring bit s c ch nh mt gi tr n nht. Nguyn Minh Quang D04VT2 46
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AVP kh nng ty chn - loi AVP ny l khng nh du v bao gm cc kh nng ty chn ca S-CSCF. Mi kh nng ty chn c hiu lc trong mng ca nh vn hnh ring bit s c ch nh mt gi tr n nht. AVP tn server - AVP ny bao gm mt URI SIP c dng nhn dng mt server SIP. Da trn cc AVP kh nng ty chn v bt buc, nh vn hnh c th phn b cc ngi dng gia cc S-CSCF, c quyt nh bi cc kh nng khc nhau (cc kh nng quy nh cho cc dch v ngi dng, u tin nh vn hnh trn c s mi ngi dng) m mi S-CSCF c th c. Trch nhim ca nh vn hnh l xc nh (c th da trn chc nng c a ra bi mi S-CSCF c lp t trong mng) chnh xc cc kh nng bt buc v ty chn. La chn u tin, I-CSCF s chn SCSCF m c ton b cc kh nng bt buc v ty chn cho ngi dng. Nu khng thc hin c, khi I-CSCP p dng mt thut ton best-fit (thch hp nht). Khng c cc thut ton la chn no l chun. S dng AVP tn server, mt nh vn hnh c th hng cc ngi s dng n cc S-CSCF ch; v d c mt S-CSCF ring cho cng cng ty hoc nhm phn t mt dch v VPN (mng ring o) hoc to ra gn S-CSCF rt n gin. Qu trnh ng k vi ngi dng cha ng k din ra nh sau: 1. Sau khi UE nhn c knh bo hiu t mng truy nhp, n c th thc hin ng k IMS. lm iu UE gi lung thng tin ng k ti Proxy (nhn dng chung, nhn dng ring, tn min mng nh, a ch IP ca UE). 2. Khi nhn thng tin ng k, P-CSCF thc hin kim tra tn min mng nh tm thc th mng nh (e. g I-CSCF). Proxy s gi lung thng tin ng k ti I-CSCF (tn/ a ch P-CSCF, nhn dng chung, nhn dng ring, nhn dng mng P-CSCF, a ch IP ca UE). Mt k thut phn tch tna ch c s dng quyt nh mng nh t tn min mng nh. Nhn dng PCSCF l mt chui cc nhn dng ti mng nh, mng l mng m PCSCF c lp t (v d nhn dng mng P-CSCF c th l tn min ca mng P-CSCF).
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Hnh 3.2 ng k vi ngi dng cha ng k 3. I-CSCF s gi thng tin ln giao din Cx truy vn HSS (nhn dng thu bao chung, nhn dng thu bao ring, nhn dng mng P-CSCF qua giao din Dx vi bn tin LIR). HSS s thc hin kim tra ngi dng c ng k hay cha. HSS s ch th ngi dng c c php ng k vo P-CSCF hay khng ty theo thuc tnh thu bao ca ngi dng v nhng gii hn ca nh khai thc mng. 4. p ng truy vn Cx s c gi t HSS ti I-CSCF c cha tn ca S-CSCF m HSS bit. Nu nh s kim tra HSS khng thnh cng, p ng truy vn Cx s loi b ng k. (vi bn tin LIA) 5. Nu nh I-CSCF khng c cung cp tn ca S-SCF th I-CSCF s gi mt bn tin Cx-Select-pull (nhn dng thu bao chung, nhn dng thu bao ring) ti HSS yu cu cc thng tin lin quan n S-CSCF c yu cu n c th la chn S-CSCF. 6. HSS s gi Cx-select-pull-resp ti I-CSCF. 7. I-CSCF s dng tn ca S-CSCF c th quyt nh a ch ca S-CSCF nh k thut phn tch tna ch. I-CSCF cng s quyt nh tn ca mt im giao tip mng nh ph hp nh thng tin nhn c t HSS. im giao tip mng nh c th l chnh S-CSCF hoc mt I-CSCF ph hp trong
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trng hp n cu hnh mng. Nu mt I-CSCF c la chn nh mt im giao tip mng nh thc hin n cu hnh mng, n s khc vi I-CSCF ng vai tr tip nhn thng tin ng k, v n s cho php nhn tn cc SCSCF t thng tin giao tip nh. I-CSCF s gi lung thng tin ng k (tn/ a ch ca P-CSCF, nhn dng chung, nhn dng ring, nhn dng mng PCSCF, a ch IP ca UE, I-CSCF (THIG) trong trng hp mng mun n cu hnh) ti S-CSCF c chn . im giao tip mng nh s c PCSCF s dng gi bo hiu thit lp phin ti mng nh. 8. S-CSCF s gi Cx-put (nhn dng chung, nhn dng ring, tn S-CSCF) ti HSS. HSS s lu tr tn S-CSCF cho thu bao (S dng cu lnh SAR). 9. HSS s gi Cx-put-resp ti I-CSCF bo nhn bn tin Cx-put gi (S dng cu lnh SAA). 10. Khi nhn thng tin t Cx-put- resp, S-CSCF s gi lung thng tin Cx-pull (nhn dng thu bao chung, nhn dng thu bao ring) ti HSS cho php ti v cc thng tin c lin quan ti cc thuc tnh thu bao cho n. S-CSCF s lu tr cc tn/ a ch ca P-CSCF khi c cung cp t mng khch. S m t tn v a ch ny mng nh c th chuyn tip bo hiu phin kt thc tip ti UE (s dng bn tin PAR). 11. HSS gi tr li bng bn tin Cx-pull-resp ti S-CSCF. Thng tin ngi dng c chuyn t HSS ti S-CSCF gm mt hay nhiu thng tin tn/ a ch cn cho qu trnh truy nhp cc mt bng iu khin dch v khi ngi s dng c ng k ti S-CSCF. S-CSCF s lu tr thng tin cho ngi dng c ch nh. Hn na thng tin tn/ a ch, thng tin bo mt cng c th c gi cho S-CSCF s dng (S dng bn tin PAA). 12. Da trn b lc tiu chun, S-CSCF s gi thng tin ng k ti mt bng iu khin dch v v thc hin bt c th tc iu khin dch v thch hp no. 13. S-CSCF s p li lung thng tin 200 OK (thng tin giao tip mng nh) ti I-CSCF. Nu mt I-CSCF c la chn nh mt im giao tip mng nh thc hin n cu hnh mng, I-CSCF s thc hin m ha a ch S-CSCF vo trong thng tin giao tip mng nh. 14. I-CSCF s gi thng bo 200 OK ti P-CSCF. I-CSCF s gii phng tt c thng tin ng k sau khi gi lung thng tin 200 OK. 15. P-CSCF s lu tr thng tin giao tip mng nh v s gi lung thng tin 200 OK ti UE.
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3.1.1.2 Lung thng tin ng k li cho ngi dng ng k ng k li mc ng dng theo nh k c thit lp bi UE lm ti li mt s ng k tn ti hoc cp nht nhng thay i v trng thi ng k ca UE. ng k li c thc hin theo cch x l nh lung thng tin ng k vi ngi dng cha ng k. Khi c khi to bi UE da vo thi gian ng k c thit lp trong ln ng k trc, UE s gi mt b nh thi ngn hn so vi nh thi ng k mng.
Hnh 3.3 ng k li vi ngi dng c ng k 1. n khi ht hn thi gian ng k, UE s thc hin ng k li. thc hin ng k li UE gi mt yu cu ng k mi. UE gi lung thng tin ng k mi ti Proxy (nhn dng thu bao chung, nhn dng thu bao ring, tn min mng nh, a ch IP ca UE). 2. Khi chp nhn lung thng tin ng k, P-CSCF s kim tra tn min nh tm ra thc th tr ti mng nh (e. g: I-CSCF). Proxy khng s dng thc th ch ti b lu tr s ng k theo chu k. Proxy s gi lung thng tin ng k ti I-CSCF (tn/ a ch I-CSCF, nhn dng ngi dng chung, nhn dng ngi dng ring, nhn dng mng P-CSCF, a ch IP ca UE). K thut phn tch tn v a ch c s dng quyt nh a ch ca mng nh t tn min mng nh. Nhn dng mng P-CSCF l mt chui nhn dng mng nh - l mng, m P-CSCF t ti (v d nhn dng mng PCSCF c th l tn min ca mng P-CSCF).
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3. I-CSCF s gi lung thng tin Cx-Query ti HSS (gm nhn dng chung, nhn dng ring, v nhn dng mng P-CSCF). 4. HHS s kim tra ngi dng ng k hay cha v sau ch th rng mt S-CSCF c phn b. Cx-Query resp c gi t HSS ti I-CSCF. 5. I-CSCF s s dng tn ca S-CSCF quyt nh a ch ca S-CSCF thng qua k thut phn tch tna ch. I-CSCF cng quyt nh tn ca im giao tip mng nh thch hp nh nhn c nhng thng tin t HSS. im giao tip mng nh c th l chnh S-CSCF hoc l mt I-CSCF ph hp khi mun n cu hnh mng. Nu nh I-CSCF c la chn nh l mt im giao tip mng nh khi mun n cu hnh mng, n s khc bit vi cc I-CSCF trong vic nhn lu lng ng k. I-CSCF s gi lung thng tin ng k (a ch/ tn ca P-CSCF, nhn dng thu bao chung, nhn dng thu bao ring nhn dng mng P-CSCF, a ch IP ca UE, I-SCF trong trng hp mun n cu hnh mng) ti S-CSCF c la chn. im giao tip mng nh s c P-CSCF s dng chuyn tip bo hiu khi to phin ti mng nh. 6. S-CSCF s gi Cx-put (nhn dng thu bao chung, nhn dng thu bao ring, tn S-CSCF) ti HSS. HSS s lu tr tn S-CSCF cho thu bao . Ch : SCSCF c th bit rng l s ng k li v khng lm ht bn tin Cx-put request. 7. HSS s gi Cx-put resp ti S-CSCF bo nhn bn tin Cx-put. 8. Khi nhn c lung thng tin p ng Cx-put resp, S-CSCF s gi lung thng tin Cx-Pull (nhn dng thu bao chung, nhn dng thu bao ring) ti HSS cho php ti v cc thng tin c lin quan vi thuc tnh thu bao ti S-CSCF. S-CSCF s lu tr tn v a ch ca P-CSCF khi c mng khch cung cp. Nhng m t tn v a ch s c mng nh chuyn tip n sau khi quyt nh phin bo hiu cho UE. 9. HSS s p tr lung thng tin Cx-pull-resp (thng tin ngi dng) ti SCSCF. S-CSCF s lu tr thng tin ca ngi dng c ch th. 10. Da vo b lc tiu chun, S-CSCF s gi thng tin ng k li ti mt bng iu khin dch v v bt k mt bng cc th tc iu khin dch v thch hp no. 11. S-CSCF s gi tr lung thng tin 200 OK (thng tin giao tip mng nh) ti I-CSCF. Nu I-CSCF c chn nh l im giao tip mng nh n cu
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hnh mng th I-CSCF s m ha a ch ca S-CSCF trong thng tin giao tip mng nh. 12. I-CSCF s gi lung thng tin 200 OK (thng tin giao tip mng nh) ti PCSCF. I-CSCF s pht hnh tt c cc thng tin ng k sau khi gi lung thng tin 200 OK. 13. P-CSCF s lu tr thng tin giao tip mng nh v s gi lung thng tin 200 OK ti UE. 3.1.2 Th tc xa ng k mc ng dng 3.1.2.1 Xa ng k khi to di ng Khi UE mun xa ng k trong IMS, UE s thc hin xa ng k mc ng dng. Xa ng k c thc hin do ng k ht gi.
Hnh 3.4 Xa ng k vi ngi dng c ng k. 1. UE quyt nh khi to xa ng k. xa ng k UE thc hin mt yu cu REGISTER mi vi gi tr thi hn l khng giy. UE gi lung thng tin REGISTER ti Proxy (nhn dng ngi dng chung, nhn dng ngi dng ring, tn min mng nh, a ch IP ca UE). 2. Khi nhn c lung thng tin ng k, P-CSCF s thc hin kim tra tn min mng nh tm ra thc th ch ti mng nh (v d I-CSCF). Proxy khng s dng cc thc th ch ti b lu tr cc ng k nh k. Proxy s gi lung thng tin ng k ti I-CSCF (tn/a ch P-CSCF, nhn dng ngi dng chung/ ring, nhn dng mng Proxy, a ch IP ca UE). Mt k thut phn tch tn a ch c s dng quyt nh a ch mng nh t tn min mng nh. Nhn dng mng P-CSCF l mt chui nhn dng mng nh Nguyn Minh Quang D04VT2 52
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(nhn ra mng m P-CSCF t ti ) v d: nhn dng mng P-CSCF c th l tn min ca mng P-CSCF. 3. I-CSCF s gi lung thng tin Cx-Query ti HSS (nhn dng thu bao chung/ring, nhn dng mng P-CSCF). 4. HSS s xc nh ngi dng ny hin ng k cha. HSS s gi Cx-Query Resp (ch th thc th im nh S-CSCF) ti I-CSCF. 5. I-CSCF s s dng tn ca S-CSCF xc nh a ch ca S-CSCF thng qua k thut phn tch tna ch v sau s gi lung thng tin xa ng k (tn/a ch P-CSCF, nhn dng chung, nhn dng ring, a ch IP ca UE, ICSCF trong trng hp mng mun n cu hnh) ti S-CSCF. 6. Da vo b lc tiu chun, S-CSCF s gi thng tin xa ng k ti mt bng iu khin dch v v bt k mt bng cc th tc iu khin dch v cn thit no. Mt bng iu khin dch v s xa tt c cc thng tin thu bao lin quan n thu bao ny. 7. Ty thuc vo nh khai thc la chn S-CSCF c th gi Cx-Put (nhn dng ngi dng chung, nhn dng ngi dng ring, xa tn S-CSCF) hoc Cx-Put (nhn dng ngi dng chung, nhn dng ngi dng ring, gi tn S-CSC), vi nhng thu khng c coi l ng k lu S-CSCF. Sau HSS s xa b hoc gi li tn S-CSCF cho thu bao theo yu cu. Trong c hai trng hp, trng thi ca nhn dng thu bao khng c lu tr v khng c ng k HSS. Nu nh tn ca S-CSCF c gi li th HSS s cho php xa b s phc v S-CSCF bt c lc no. 8. Put. 9. S-CSCF s p li bng lung thng tin 200 OK ti I-CSCF. SCSCF s pht hnh tt c cc lung thng tin v c t ng k ny ca thu bao sau khi gi lung thng tin 200 OK. 10. 11. tin 200 OK. I-CSCF s gi lung thng tin 200 OK ti P-CSCF. P-CSCF s gi lung thng tin 200 OK ti UE. P-CSCF a ra tt c thng tin ng k i vi ng k ny ca thu bao sau khi gi lung thng HSS s gi p ng Cx-Put Resp ti S-CSCF bo nhn Cx-
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Nu nh xy ra kt thc phin khng tt (v d: Pin yu hoc di ng di chuyn nhanh), khi mt Proxy Server cn ang phc v mt phin nhng b nh trn s xy ra li phc v dn n treo my. m bo cho S-CSCF vn hnh n nh mang cc mc dch v th i hi phi c mt k thut kt thc cc phin khng thnh cng . K thut ny s cng mc vi giao thc SIP m bo truy nhp c lp vi phn h IM CN (IP multimedia core network subsystem). IM CN c th thit lp cc th tc Xa ng k khi to mng theo cc nguyn nhn sau: Bo dng mng: p buc phi xa ng k thu bao. V d: trong trng hp khng tng thch d liu node li, trong trng hp mt SIM Xa ng cnh hin thi ca ngi dng xung cc cc node ng k, v bt buc phi ng k mi trong trng hp ny. Mng/ lu lng c quyt nh: Phn h IM CN phi h tr k thut ngn chn ng k hai ln hoc lu tr thng tin tri ngc nhau. Trng hp ny s xy ra lc trao i cc tham s hp ng chuyn mng gia hai nh vn hnh. Lp ng dng c quyt nh: Dch v c kh nng c h tr bi phn h IM CN ti lp ng dng c th c cc thng s ghi r tt c cc ng k phn h IM CN b xa i hoc ch nhng thng s t mt hoc mt nhm cc u cui ngi dng. Qun l thu bao: Nh vn hnh c th phi gii hn ngi dng truy cp ti phn h IM CN n khi xc nh hp ng ht hn, xa cc thu bao IM, pht hin s gian ln. Trong trng hp thay i cc thuc tnh dch v ca ngi dng v d ngi dng thu bao cc dch v mi, cho php iu th S-CSCF vi cc kh nng mi c th c yu p ng cc yu cu m S-CSCF c phn b cho thu bao khng p ng c. Trong trng hp ny mng s cho php thay i S-CSCF bng cch s dng xa ng k khi to mng bng cc th tc HSS. Phn sau cung cp cc ng cnh th hin xa ng k ng dng SIP. Ch rng cc lung lu lng c ngn chn mt cch nghim ngt nh s dng cc tn bn tin giao thc SIP r rng. C hai loi th tc xa ng k khi to mng c ra: Tha thun vi s ht thi gian ng k. Cho php mng bt p xa ng k sau bt k l do hp l no xy ra.
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3.1.2.2.1 Xa ng k ng dng khi to mng ht thi gian ng k Hnh 3.5 th hin th tc xa ng k ng dng kt cui phn h IM CN khi to t mng da vo s ht thi gian ng k. Mt gi tr nh thi c cung cp lc khi to ng k v c lm ti li bi ln ng k pha sau. Lu lng cho rng b nh thi ht hn. V tr (mng nh hoc mng khch) ca P-CSCF hoc S-CSCF khng c ch nh v ng cnh vn ging nh tt c cc trng hp khc.
Hnh 3.5 Xa ng k khi to mng ht thi gian ng k 1. Thi gian ng k P-CSCF v S-CSCF ht hiu lc. P-CCSCF cp nht c s d liu bn trong ca n xa thu bao c ng k. N cho rng bt k mt PDP (Packet Data Protocol) Context GPRS no cng s c iu khin bng cc phng tin c lp. 2. Da vo b lc tiu chun, S-CSCF s gi thng tin xa ng k ti mt bng iu khin dch v v bt k mt bng cc th tc iu khin dch v no ph hp. Mt bng iu khin dch v xa tt c cc thng tin thu bao lin quan n thu bao ny. 3. Ty thuc vo s la chn ca nh khai thc, S-CSCF c th gi l bn tin Cx-put (nhn dng thu bao chung, nhn dng thu bao ring, xa tn SCSCF) hoc Cx-Put (nhn dng thu bao chung, nhn dng thu bao ring, gi tn S-CSCF) vi thu bao khng ng k di lu S-CSCF. Sau HSS s xa hoc gi li tn ca S-CSCF cho thu bao ty theo yu cu. Trong c hai trung hp , trng thi nhn dng thu bao c lu tr nh cha c ng k HSS. Nu nh tn ca S-CSCF c gi li th HSS s cho php xa s phc v ca S-CSCF bt c lc no. 4. HSS s gi Cx-Put Resp ti S-CSCF bo nhn s gi Cx-Put. 3.1.2.2.2 Xa ng k ng dng khi to mng - lin quan n qun l Nguyn Minh Quang D04VT2 55
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Trong nhiu nguyn nhn khc (v d u cui thu bao, u cui b mt) chc nng qun tr mng nh s quyt nh s cn thit xa mt ng k SIP ca ngi dng. Chc nng ny khi to th tc xa ng k v c th s c thit lp cc phn t khc nhau phc thuc vo l do chnh khi to xa ng k. Mt thnh phn mng nh nh vy l HSS, l ni bit S-CSCF no phc v ngi dng no v thc hin mc ch n s dng giao din Cx xa ng k. Mt thnh phn mng nh khc c th khi to xa ng k l S-CSCF, trong trng hp ny n to dng Cx-Put thng tin vi HSS. Cc phn an ninh/ tin cy khc cng c th khi to xa ng k ti S-CSCF. Cc lung thng tin sau th hin xa ng k ng dng (SIP) kt cui phn h IM CN c khi to t mng da v hot ng qun l. Cc thnh phn truyn ti IP (v d SGSN, GGSN) khng c cho bit. Nu nh truy nhp gi hon thnh th b t chi, mt k thut qun l lp truyn ti s c s dng. Trong ng cnh ny khng s dng k thut qun l a ch cp nht thng tin thu bao nh thng tin EIR, nhn thc truy nhp Ng cnh ny ch a ch c t hot ng xa ng k ng dng SIP l c hiu lc. Khi c quyt nh bi nh vn hnh, cc phin c thit lp nh cc th tc pht hnh phin c khi to t mng. 3.1.2.2.3 Xa ng k khi to mng bi HSS qun l
Hnh 3.6 Xa ng k ng dng khi to mng bi HSS qun l
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1. HSS khi to xa ng k, gi mt bn tin Cx-Deregister (nhn dng thu bao) cha l do xa ng k. 2. Da vo b lc tiu chun, S-CSCF s gi thng tin xa ng k ti mt bng iu khin dch v v bt k cc mt bng cc th tc iu khin dch v no hp l. 3. S-CSCF a ra bn tin De-register v chuyn tip v P-CSCF cho UE ny v cp nht c s d liu bn trong ca n xa UE ng k . L do xa ng k nhn t HSS s c a v bn tin nu c th. 4. P-CSCF thng tin cho UE v vic xa ng k v chuyn l do xa ng k cho UE nu c th. n khi mt lin lc vi di ng, n mi cho php UE khng cn nhn thng tin xa ng k. 5. P-CSCF gi p ng ti S-CSCF v cp nht c s d liu bn trong ca n xa ng k ca UE. 6. Khi c th, UE gi mt p ng ti P-CSCF bo nhn xa ng k. Mt UE khng c kh nng giao tip hoc nm ngoi P-CSCF s khng th tr li cho yu cu xa ng k. P-CSCF s thc hin xa ng k trong bt k trng hp no v d sau khi b nh thi ht gi. Nu UE khng t ng thc hin xa ng k khi n k xa ng k th ngi dng s c thng tin v s xa ng k v cc l do nu c th. CH : Bc 4 v bc 5 c th thc hin song song P-CSCF tr li cho S-CSCF trc khi nhn c cu tr li t UE. 7. S-CSCF p tr cc thc th khi to x l. 3.1.2.2.4 Xa ng k khi to mng bi S-CSCF Mt mt bng dch v cng c th quyt nh s cn thit xa ng k SIP ca ngi dng. Chc nng ny thit lp th tc xa ng k v sinh ra mt bng dch v. Hnh sau th hin mt s iu khin dch v khi to xa ng k ng dng SIP kt cui IMS. Cc thnh phn truyn ti IP (v d SGSN, GGSN) khng c thng bo. Nu truy nhp gi thnh cng th s b xa b mt k thut qun l lp truyn ti s c s dng k thut qun l a ch khng oc s dng trong ng cnh ny cp nht thng tin thu bao, nh thng tin EIR, trao quyn truy nhp vv. Ng cnh ny ch a ch cc c t hot ng xa ng k ng dng SIP l c hiu lc. Nguyn Minh Quang D04VT2 57
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V c quyt nh bi cc nh khai thc, nn cc phin c pht hnh bng cch s dng cc th tc pht hnh phin khi to mng.
Hnh 3.7 Xa ng k ng dng khi to mng-mt bng dch v 1. S-CSCF nhn thng tin xa ng k t mt bng iu khin dch v v thc hin bt k cc th tc iu khin dch v hp l no. Thng tin ny c th bao gm c l do xa ng k. 2. SCSCF pht bn tin xa ng k v pha P-CSCF cho UE ny v cp nht c s d liu bn trong ca n xa ng k UE ny. L do xa ng k cng c truyn i nu c th. 3. P-CSCF thng bo cho UE bit v s xa ng k v chuyn tip khng chnh sa l do xa ng k nu c th. n khi mt lin lc vi di ng th n mi cho php UE khng cn nhn thng tin v xa ng k. 4. P-CSCF gi p ng ti S-CSCF v cp nht c s d liu bn trong ca n xa ng k ca UE. 5. Khi c th, UE gi p ng ti P-CSCF bo nhn s xa ng k. Mt UE mt lin lc hoc nm ngoi vng ph sng ca P-CSCF s khng th tr li yu cu xa ng k. P-CSCF s thc hin xa ng k trong trng hp ny v d: b nh thi cho yu cu ny ht hn. Nu nh UE khng t ng xa ng k khi n k hn, ngi dng s c thng bo v s xa ng k v cc l do xa nu c th. CH : Bc 4 v 5 c th thc hin song song, P-CSCF c th gi cu tr li ti S-CSCF trc khi nhn c cu tr li ca UE.
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6. S-CSCF gi mt s cp nht v s xa ng k thu bao trong chnh n ti HSS. 7. HSS khng nh li s cp nht .
3.2 Th tc lin quan n truy vn thng tin nh tuyn (giao din Dx)
3.2.1 Nhn dng ngi dng ti gii p HSS Phn ny trnh by k thut phn tch I-CSCF v S-CSCF tm ra a ch ca HSSni lu tr d liu thu bao nhn dng thu bao. K thut phn tch ny khng c s dng ti mng ch c mt HSS bn tin REGISTER v MT INVITE, I-CSCF truy vn HSS c d liu c t thu bao nh v tr hin ti hay tham s nhn thc. iu ny cng phi c thit lp nh ng k trn S-CSCF. Trong trng hp c nhiu hn mt HSS c lp trong mng, th HSS m cha thng tin ngi dng ang cn thit cn phi c tm thy. bit tn ca HSS, I-CSCF v S-CSCF truy vn ti thc th chc nng v tr thu bao (SLF). B v tr thu bao c truy nhp thng qua giao din Dx Diameter. Giao din Dx Diameter l giao din chun gia CSCF v SLF. Giao din Dx cung cp: Mt s vn hnh truy vn vo b nh v thu bao t I-CSCF hoc t SCSCF. Mt s p ng cung cp tn HSS v pha I-CSCF hoc v pha S-CSCF. Bng vic gi ln giao din Dx bn tin Dx-SLF-Query m I-CSCF hoc SCSCF yu cu mt nhn dng thu bao ca thu bao m n ang tm trong HSS. Bng cch gi ln giao din Dx bn tin Dx-SLF-RESP m SLF p ng c tn HSS. ICSCF hoc S-CSCF tng ng tip tc truy vn HSS la chn . Nh mt ty chn ti thi im ng k, I-CSCF c th chuyn tip tn ca HSS ti S-CSCF n gin ha th tc S-CSCF tm HSS ca thu bao. Ty chn ny c th c s dng mng ch c mt HSS n. 2 bn tin c a ra c s dng trong giao din Dx: Yu cu thng tin v tr Location-Info-Request (LIR) yu cu tm HSS Tr li thng tin v tr Location-Info-Request (LIA) Tr li v tr HSS nh dng ca bn tin thanh ton: yu cu thng tin v tr v tr li v tr c nh ngha trong giao thc c bn Diameter. Nhng biu tng sau c s dng trong bn tin: <AVP> ni rng cc AVP bt buc ny c gn c nh trong bn tin
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{AVP} cho bit mt AVP bt buc trong bn tin [AVP] cho bit rng AVP ty chn trong bn tin *AVP cho bit rng nhiu s kin c th c trong mt AVP Bn tin nh v v tr (LIR) (ch nh trng m lnh t thnh 302 v bit R c t trong trng c) (3GPP). nh dng bn tin LIR: <Diameter header: 302, REQ, PXY, 16777216> <Session-Id> {Vendor-Specific-Application-Id} {Auth- Session-State} {Origin-Host} {Origin-Realm} [Destination-Host] {Destinaiton-Realm} *[Supported-Features] {Public-Identity} *[AVP] *[Proxy] *[Routed-Record] Yu cu ny bao gm: Nhn dng ngi dng cng khai bao gm nhn dng t trng yu cu URI ca phng thc SIP. Thng tin nh tuyn bao gm a ch ca HSS nu I-CSCF nhn bit. Nu ICSCF khng bit a ch ca HSS, khi n k n v tr ch. Nhn dng min m bn tin Diameter nh tuyn n. HSS tr li vi mt lnh tr li thng tin v tr (LIA). Lnh Tr li thng tin v tr (LIA), vi m lnh t thnh 302, v bit R c s b xa trong trng c, p ng li bn tin LIR. nh dng bn tin LIA: <Diameter header: 302, REQ , PXY, 16777216> <Session-Id> [Result-Code] {Vendor-Specific-Application-Id} {Experimental-Result} {Auth- Session-State} {Origin-Host} {Origin-Realm} *[Supported-Features] {Public-Identity} Nguyn Minh Quang D04VT2 60
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[Server - Capabilities] *[AVP] *[Failed-AVP] *[Proxy - Info] *[Routed-Record] Cu tr li ny bao gm: Kt qu - thng bo kt qu ca lnh LIR. Tn hoc cc kh nng S-CSCF sau cng c tr li nu ngi dng khng c tn S-CSCF c gn, mt khc URI SIPca S-CSCF c tr li. Gi tr ca M kt qu AVP a> thnh cng 1.ng k Diameter ln u DIAMETER_FIRST_REGISTRATON HSS cho I-CSCF bit rng: Ngi dng c cp quyn ng k vi nhn dng cng khai; Mt S-CSCF s c gn ti ngi dng;
2. Dch v cha ng k DIAMETER_UNTERGISTERED_SERVICE HSS cho I-CSCF bit rng: nhn dng cng khai khng c ng k nhng c cc dch v lin quan ti trng thi cha ng k; Mt S-CSCF s c gn ti ngi dng;
3. DIAMETER_SUCCESS_SERVER_NAME_NOT_STORE HSS cho I-CSCF bit rng: kt thc ng k c a ra; S-CSCF khng c lu tr trong HSS;
4. DIAMETER_SERVER_SELECTION HSS cho I-CSCF bit rng: b> Li 1. DIAMETER_ERROR_USER_UNKNOW Bn tin c nhn t mt ngi dng l mt; Ngi dng c cp quyn ng k vi nhn dng cng khai ny; Mt S-CSCF c gn cho cc dch v lin quan ti trng thi cha ng k ri; C th cn thit gn mt S-CSCF mi ti ngi dng;
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2. DIAMETER_ERROR_IDENTITIES_DONT_MATCH Mt bn tin c nhn vi mt nhn dng cng khai v mt nhn dng c nhn ca ngi dng, v server xc nh rng nhn dng cng khai khng tng ng vi nhn dng c nhn; 3. DIAMETER_ERROR_IDENTITY_NOT_REGISTERED Mt truy vn i vi thng tin v tr c nhn t mt nhn dng cng khai m khng c ng k trc ; 4. DIAMETER_ERROR_ROAMING_NOT_ALLOWED Ngi dng khng c php chuyn vng trong mng khch; 5. DIAMETER_ERROR_IDENTITY_ALREADY_REGISTERED Nhn dng c ng k vi server c gn ri v trng thi ng k khng cho php chn vo; 6. DIAMETER_ERROR_TOO_MUCH_DATA S lng d liu ti bn nhn vt qu dng lng; 7. DIAMETER_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED_USER_DATA S-CSCF cho HSS bit rng nhn c d liu cha thng tin khng c nhn ra hoc h tr; 3.2.2 ng k trn SLF
Hnh 3.8 ng k trn SLF (trng hp 1) 1. I-CSCF nhn mt yu cu ng k v by gi phi truy vn v tr d liu ca thu bao.
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2. I-CSCF gi mt Dx-SLF-Query ti SLF cha cc tham s nhn dng thu bao t trong yu cu REGISTER. 3. SLF tm trong c s d liu ca n nhn dng thu bao c truy vn. 4. SLF tr li d liu ca thu bao cng vi tn HSS. 5. I-CSCF c th tin hnh bng cch truy vn HSS ph hp.
Hnh 3.9 ng k trn SLF(trng hp 2) 1. I-CSCF gi yu cu REGISTER ti S-CSCF. v by gi phi truy vn v tr d liu ca thu bao. 2. S-CSCF gi Dx-SLF-QUERY ti SLF vi cc tham s nhn dng thu bao t trong yu cu ng k. 3. SLF tm trong c s d liu ca n nhn dng thu bao c truy vn. 4. SLF tr li d liu ca thu bao km vi tn ca HSS. 3.2.3 Mi UE trn SLF
Hnh 3.10 Mi UE trn SLF
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1. I-CSCF nhn yu cu INVITE v by gi phi truy tm v tr d liu ca thu bao. 2. I-CSCF gi Dx-SLF-QUERY ti HSS cha cc tham s nhn dng thu bao c t trong yu cu INVITE. 3. SLF tm trong c s d liu ca n nhn dng thu bao c truy vn. 4. SLF tr li d liu thu bao cng vi tn ca HSS. ngn cn dch v SLF sai, SLF c th c phn phi trn nhiu Server. Mt vi phng php c th c t tm ra cc server ny.
3.3 Khi to phin Khi mt ngi dng A mun c mt phin vi ngi dng B, UE A to ra yu cu INVITE SIP v gi yu cu ny qua im tham chiu Gm ti P-CSCF. P-CSCF x l yu cu: v d nh P-CSCF gii nn yu cu v kim ra nhn dng ngi dng khi to trc khi chuyn tip yu cu qua im tham chiu Mw ti S-CSCF. S-CSCF x l yu cu, thc hin iu khin dch v bao gm tng tc vi cc server ng dng (AS) v cui cng quyt nh im vo nh vn hnh mng nh ca ngi dng B da trn nhn dng ngi dng B trong yu cu INVITE SIP. Hnh 3.11 Lu thit lp phin IMS mc cao.
Hnh 3.11 Lu thit lp phin IMS mc cao. I-CSCF nhn yu cu qua im tham chiu Mw v lin h vi HSS qua im tham chiu Cx ca giao thc Diameter tm S-CSCF ang phc v ngi dng B.Yu cu ny c chuyn qua im tham chiu Mw ti S-CSCF. S-CSCF thc hin trch nhim x l thit b u cui phin, tnh n c tng tc vi cc server ng dng (AS) v cui cng thc hin chuyn giao yu cu ti P-CSCF qua im tham chiu Mw. Sau khi x l (v d nn v kim tra c nhn), P-CSCF s dng im tham chiu Gm chuyn giao yu cu INVITE SIP ti UE B. UE B to ra mt cu tr li Nguyn Minh Quang D04VT2 64
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theo chiu ngc li ti UE A theo tuyn c to (v d UE B -P-CSCF -> SCSCF -> I-CSCF -> S-CSCF -> P-CSCF -> UE A). Sau mt vi hnh trnh quay tr v, c hai UE hon thnh thit lp phin v c th bt u kch hot ng dng (v d chi c). Trong khi thit lp phin nh vn hnh c th iu khin s dng knh mang dnh cho lu lng phng tin. Trong qu trnh khi to phin ny ta thy rng I-CSCF lin h vi HSS qua im tham chiu Cx ca giao thc Diameter tm S-CSCF ang phc v ngi dng B.
3.4 Tnh cc C hai kin trc tnh cc l tnh cc trc tuyn v tnh cc ngoi tuyn.
3.4.1 Kin trc tnh cc Kin trc IMS h tr c hai kh nng tnh cc trc tuyn v tnh cuc ngoi tuyn. Tnh cc trc tuyn l qu trnh tnh cc cc thc th IMS, nh l mt server ng dng (AS) tng tc vi h thng tnh cc trc tuyn. H thng tnh cc trc tuyn tng tc thi gian thc vi ti khon ca ngi s dng v iu khin hoc gim st tnh cc lin quan ti s dng dch v: v d, AS truy vn h thng tnh cc trc tuyn trc khi cho php thit lp phin hoc nhn thng tin v mt ngi s dng c th tham gia vo mt hi ngh trong bao lu. Tnh cc ngoi tuyn l mt qu trnh tnh cc thng tin tnh cc c tp hp ch yu sau phin v h thng tnh cc khng tc ng thi gian thc n dch v ang s dng. Trong m hnh ny mt ngi dng nhn c mt ha n trong hng thng, ch ra cc khon ph tn phi chu trong mt giai on ring. Nh c cc cc m hnh tnh cc t nhin khc ca cc gii php kin trc khc nhau c i hi. 3.4.2 Kin trc tnh cc ngoi tuyn im trung tm trong kin trc tnh cc ngoi tuyn l chc nng tp hp tnh cc (CCF Charing Collection Function). CCF nhn thng tin tnh ton t cc thc th IMS qua im tham chiu Rf. Hn na CCF x l d liu nhn c v sau xy dng v nh dng bn ghi d liu cc CDR (charing data record) hin thi. CDR c chuyn ti h thng ha n, nhn c nh cung cp CDR cui cng, cng vi thng tin tnh cc nhn c t cc ngun khc nh l (v d chc nng cng tnh cc, hoc CGF-Charing Gateway Function). Hnh 3.12 m t kin trc tnh cc
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ngoi tuyn trong mt trng hp ni c hai phn ch gi v phn b gi u ang s dng chuyn vng IMS. Khi ngi dng khng chuyn vng s duy nht mt CCF lin quan.
Hnh 3.12 Kin trc tnh cc IMS ngoi tuyn 3.4.2.1 Chc nng tp hp tnh cc CCF Cch s dng ca CCF cho php mt nh vn hnh c im tham chiu n hng v h thng ha n, CCF chuyn giao thng tin tnh cc t cc thc th IMS (AS, MRFC, S-CSCF, I-CSCF, P-CSCF, BGCF, MGCF) ti cc h thng ha n t chn ca nh vn hnh mng. Cc chc nng chnh ca CCF l: Tp hp thng tin thanh ton t cc thc th IMS v to thng tin thanh ton chung; Tng quan, hp nht, lc cc trng khng cn thit v thm vo thng tin nh vn hnh ring bit nhn thng tin thanh ton; To cc CDR sau khi tin x l; Chuyn cc CDR ti h thng ha n; m CDR khi h thng ha n bn;
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CCF c th thc hin nh l mt trung tm, phn t mng ring hoc nh l mt chc nng tch hp c tr trong cc thc th IMS. C mt CCF n gim bt ti ca thc th IMS bi v n khng cn thit m v hon tr cc CDR hin thi. 3.4.2.2 Chc nng cng tnh cc CGF trong min chuyn mch gi (PS) cung cp mt c ch chuyn giao thng tin tnh cc t cc node SGSN v GGSN ti cc h thng ha n c chn ca nh vn hnh mng. Cc chc nng chnh ca CGF cho min PS l nguyn l tng ng cho cc CCF s dng trong min IMS. Mt im khc l CGF nhn cc CDR hp l t SGSN v GGSN. 3.4.2.3 H thng ha n CCF v CGF gi cc CDR ti h thng ha n to ra ha n thc s (v d gi ti thu bao mi thng mt ln). Ha n s bao gm v d s phin, ch, khong thi gian v loi phin (m thanh, hnh nh). 3.4.2.3 im tham chiu Rf (Diameter) 3.4.2.3.1 Nguyn l c bn Chc nng tnh cc ngoi tuyn da trn thng tin bo co t cc nt mng IMS da trn vic nhn mt vi phng php SIP khc nhau hoc bn tin ISUP, a s thng tin lin quan n thanh ton c cha trong nhng bn tin ny. Bo co ny c tin hnh bng vic gi bn tin yu cu thanh ton Diameter (ACR) (Bt u, chuyn tip v dng) t cc nt IMS ti CCF. Diameter client s dng ACR bt u, chuyn tip v dng trong cc th tc c lin quan n cc phin SIP. Ngi dng s dng cc ACR s kin cho cc phin SIP khng thnh cng v cho cc th tc phin khng lin quan. Nh vn hnh la chn cc bn tin phng php SIP hoc ISUP khi ng ACR. Tuy nhin, hai mc bt buc c nh ngha: Bt c khi no 200 OK SIP, xc nhn mt INVITE SIP khi to, c nhn hoc MGFC nhn mt tr li ISUP, ACR s bt u c gi ti CCF. Bt c khi no nhn c BYE SIP hoc MGCF nhn mt xa ISUP, s dng gi ACR ti CCF.
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Bng 3.3 m t tt c cc ACR c th c gi t mt P-CSCF, I-CSCF, SCSCF, MGCF hoc BGCF. Mt danh sch nt c th ACR, vi cc AVP c m t chi tit trong phn sau.
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Bng 3.3 Bn tin yu cu thanh ton khi s bi SIP hoc bn tin ISUP cho tt c cc nt IMS tr MRFC v AS
Bn tin Diameter Khi s bi SIP/Bn tin ISUP Bt buc/ Cu hnh
ACR (bt u) ACR (chuyn tip)
SIP 200 OK xc nhn mt khi to SIP INVITE ISUP: ANM (c th dng c cho MGCF) SIP 200 OK xc nhn mt SIP RE-INVITE hoc SIP UPDATE (thay i trong thnh phn phng tin) AVP kt thc (Acct-Interm-Interval) Bn tin SIP BYE (c 2 trng hp kt thc phin bnh thng v bt bnh thng) ISUP: REL (c th dng cho MGCF) SIP 200 OK xc nhn phin khng lin quan n cc bn tin SIP l: SIP NOTIFY SIP MESSAGE SIP REGISTER SIP SUBCRIBER
Bt buc Bt buc Cu hnh
Cu hnh
Bt buc
ACR (dng)
Bt buc
Cu hnh Cu hnh Cu hnh Cu hnh Cu hnh *
ACR (S kin)
p ng SIP cui cng (4xx, 5xx, 6xx), cho bit rng mt phin SIP khng thnh cng p ng SIP cui cng (4xx, 5xx, 6xx), ch nh mt th tc phin khng lin quan SIP khng thnh cng SIP CANCEL, ch nh s bi b ca phin SIP I-CSCF hon thnh mt truy vn Cx m a ra p ng SIP INVITE
Cu hnh *
Cu hnh * Cu hnh *
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Bng 3.4 Bn tin yu cu thanh ton khi to bi cc phng php SIP i vi MRFC
Bn tin Diameter ACR (bt u) Trigger Bt buc/Cu hnh Bt buc Bt buc Cu hnh Bt buc Bt buc
SIP 200 OK xc nhn mt SIP INVITE cho khi to mt phin hi tho a phng tin khng d tnh trc ACR SIP ACK xc nhn mt SIP INVITE (chuyn tip) kt ni mt UE ti phin hi tho Kt thc AVP (AVP-interim-Interval) Bn tin SIP BYE ACR (dng) SIP final p ng vi li m l 4xx, 5xx, 6xx ch nh s kt thc ca mt phin
Cc AS h tr 4 kiu ACR (Bt u/chuyn tip/dng/s kin). S dng bn tin ACR bt u, chuyn tip v dng (Tnh cc phin) ngc vi ACR s kin (tnh cc s kin) ty thuc vo cc nh cung cp dch v bi server ng dng. V d cc lung cho mt AS tn dng thanh ton s kin v mt AS s dng thanh ton phin c a ra trong sau. Thit lp phin- di ng khi to
Hnh 3.13 Biu chui bn tin cho thit lp phin (di ng)
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Hnh 3.13 a ra s gii quyt Diameter m yu cu gia CSCF v CCF trong sut phin thit lp to ra bi UE 1. Phin c khi to; 2. ch tr li v p ng cui cng c nhn; 3. Da trn nhn p ng cui cng, S-CSCF gi mt yu cu thanh ton vi kiu bn ghi thanh ton ch nh l START_RECORD ghi li bt u ca phin ngi dng v bt u ca thnh phn phng tin trong S-CSCF CDR; 4. CCF xc nhn vic nhn d liu v m ra S-CSCF CDR; 5. Ging vi 3, nhng cho P-CSCF; 6. Ging vi 4, nhng to ra P-CSCF CDR; Thit lp phin-Di ng kt thc Hnh 3.14 a ra gii quyt Diameter m yu cu gia CSCF v CCF trong sut phin thit lp m c kt thc ti mt nt di ng.
Hnh 3.14 Bng chui bn tin cho thit lp phin (kt thc di ng) Nguyn Minh Quang D04VT2 71
n tt nghip i hc 1. Phin c khi to;
2. Da trn hon thnh Truy vn Cx, I-CSCF gi mt yu cu thanh ton vi kiu bn ghi thanh ton t thnh EVENT (s kin); 3. CCF xc nhn d liu c nhn v to ra I-CSCF CDR; 4. ch tr li v p ng cui cng c gi; 5-8. Nhng bc ny c m t ging nh trong phn trn; Th tc gia phin Hnh 3.15 a ra s gii quyt Diameter m c yu cu gia CSCF v CCF khi mt UE to ra SIP (Re-) INVITE hoc SIP UPDATE trong gia phin, thay i thnh phn mi trng, hoc khi m c gi li v th tc tip tc li.
Hnh 3.15 Biu chui bn tin i vi mi trng thay i 1. Thay i thng tin mi trng c nhn t thu bao;
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n tt nghip i hc 2. ch xc nhn thay i mi trng;
3. S-CSCF gi yu cu thanh ton vi kiu bn ghi thanh ton ch nh INTERIM_RECORD ghi li s thay i ca thnh phn trong S-CSCF CDR; 4. CCF xc nhn vic nhn d liu v cp nht S-CSCF CDR; 5. Ging vi 3 nhng l ca P-CSCF; 6. Ging vi4 nhng l ca P-CSCF CDR; T b phin Di ng khi to Hnh 3.16 a ra s gii quyt Diameter gia CSCF v CCF cho t b phin m khi to bi UE
Hnh 3.16 Biu chui bn tin cho t b phin 1. Phin c b i; 2. Ti phin kt thc, P-CSCF gi yu cu thanh ton vi kiu bn ghi thanh ton ch nh STOP_RECORD ghi li dng phin v dng li ca thnh phn trong P-CSCF CDR; 3. CCF xc nhn nhn d liu v ng P-CSCF CDR; 4. Ging 2 nhng l S-CSCF; 5. Ging 3, ng S-CSCF CDR; Nguyn Minh Quang D04VT2 73
n tt nghip i hc 6. Vic d b c xc nhn; D b phin- Mng khi to
Trong trng hp mng khi to phin g b, nt IMS gi mt bn tin SIP BYE m c p ng vi mt bn tin SIP 200 OK. Bn tin thanh ton cho trng hp ny ging vi di ng khi tp d b phin m t trong phn trn. Phin d b - CCF khi to Nh vn hnh IMS c th yu cu d b phin SIP trn khi ti iu kin gp phi, v d ngay sau khi c s gian ln c pht hin Hnh 3.17 a ra s gii quyt Diameter m yu cu d b trn phin SIP ang tip din.
Hnh 3.17 Biu chui bn tin i vi mang khi to g b phin 1. S-CSCF khi to g b phin SIP vi yu cu SIP BYE ti cc thnh phn u v cui. 2. Vi qu trnh kt thc phin, P-CSCF gi yu cu thanh ton vi kiu bn ghi thanh ton ch nh l STOP_RECORD ghi li dng phin v dng thnh phn trong P-CSCF CDR; 3. CCF xc nhn vic nhn d liu v ng P-CSCF CDR;
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4. Ging vi 2, nhng dnh cho S-CSCF; 5. Ging vi 3, nhng l cho S-CSCF CDR; 6-8 S-CSCF gi bn tin p ng 200 OK t cc thnh phn u n thnh phn kt thc; Thit lp phin PSTN khi to Hnh 3.18 a ra gii quyt Diameter m yu cu gia MGCF v CCF trong sut phin thit lp khi to t pha PSTN
Hnh 3.18 Biu chui bn tin cho thit lp phin (PSTN khi to) Phin c to ra t PSTN; Phin c t khi to trong IMS; ch tr li v p ng cui cng c nhn; MGCF chuyn bn tin tr li ti PSTN; Da trn nhn p ng cui cng, MGCF gi yu cu thanh ton vi kiu bn ghi thanh ton ch nh l START_RECORD ghi li bt u phin ngi dng v bt u ca thnh phn trong MGCF CDR; 6. CCF xc nhn nhn d liu v m MGCF CDR; Thit lp phin IMS khi to Hnh 3.19 a ra gii quyt Diameter m yu cu gia BGCF, MGCF v CCF trong sut phin thit lp khi to t pha IMS. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
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n tt nghip i hc 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Phin c to ra t IMS; Phin hng v PSTN c thit lp; ch tr li v bn tin tr li c nhn; Bn tin p ng cui cng c gi ti bn thit lp phin; Da trn vic nhn bn tin tr li, MGCF gi mt yu cu thanh ton vi kiu bn ghi thanh ton ch nh l START_RECORD ghi li bt u phin ngi dng v bt u ca thnh phn phng tin trong MGCF CDR; 6. CCF xc nhn vic nhn d liu v m MGCF CDR.;
Hnh 3.19 Biu chui bn tin cho thit lp phin (IMS khi to) 7. Da trn nhn bn tin 200 OK, BGCF gi mt yu cu thanh ton vi kiu bn ghi thanh ton ch nh l START_RECORD ghi li bt u phin ngi dng v bt u ca thnh phn trong BGCF CDR; 8. CCF xc nhn nhn d liu v m ra BGCF CDR; Phin d b- PSTN khi to Hnh 3.20 a ra gii quyt m yu cu gia BGCF, MGCF v CCF khi PSTN khi to d b
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1. . S chp nhn ca bn tin g b c xc nhn; 2. Da trn vic nhn bn tin g b, MGCF gi mt yu cu thanh ton vi kiu bn ghi thanh ton ch nh STOP-RECORD ghi li s dng li ca phin trong MGCF CDR;
Hnh 3.20 Biu chui bn tin cho d b phin (PSTN khi to) 3. CCF xc nhn vic nhn d liu v ng MGCF CDR; 4. Ging 4, nhng cho BGCF 5. Ging 5, nhng i vi BGCF G b phin IMS khi to Hnh 3.21 a ra s gii quyt Diameter m c yu cu gia BGCF, MGCF v CCF khi IMS khi ti g b phin. 1. Vic g b phin c khi to t pha IMS; 2. Bn tin g b c gi hng v PSTN; 3. Xc nhn bn tin g b c nhn t PSTN; 4. Da trn vic nhn bn tin BYE, BGCF gi yu cu thanh ton vi kiu yu cu thanh ton ch nh l STOP_RECORD ghi li s dng li ca phin trong BGCF CDR; Nguyn Minh Quang D04VT2 77
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5. CCF xc nhn vic nhn d liu v ng BGCF CDR ; 6. Ging vi 4, nhng l cho MGCF; 7. Ging vi 5, nhng l cho MGCF;
Hnh 3.21 Biu chui bn tin cho g b phin (IMS khi to) nh dng bn tin Tng kt ca nh dng bn tin thanh ton ngoi tuyn Cc nt IMS to ra thng tin thanh ton m c th chuyn t cc nt ti CCF. i vi mc ch ny, ng dng thanh ton IMS s dng bn tin yu cu thanh ton v tr li thanh ton t giao thc Diameter c bn. Bng 3.5 M t s dng nhng bn tin trong thanh ton ngoi tuyn Tn lnh
Yu cu thanh ton Tr li thanh ton
Ngun
S-CSCF, I-CSCF, P-CSCF, MGCF, MRFC, BGCF, AS CCF
ch
CCF S-CSCF, I-CSCF, PCSCF, MGCF, MRFC, BGCF, AS
Vit tt
ACR ACA
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n tt nghip i hc Cu trc ca nh dng bn tin thanh ton
nh dng ca bn tin thanh ton: yu cu thanh ton v tr li thanh ton c nh ngha trong giao thc c bn Diameter. 1. Bn tin yu cu thanh ton Bng 3.6 a ra cu trc ca bn tin yu cu thanh ton c s dng cho thanh ton ngoi tuyn. Vic s dng cc AVP ny c a ra c th trn tng nt IMS v kiu ACR Bng 3.6 Bn tin yu cu thanh ton (ACR) dnh cho thanh ton ngoi tuyn
Ch rng AVP kiu Grouped l nhm AVP c a trong bng 3.6
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n tt nghip i hc 2. Bn tin tr li thanh ton
Bng 3.7 a ra cu trc c bn ca bn tin tr li thanh ton Diameter c s dng cho thanh ton ngoi tuyn IMS. Bn tin lun lun c s dng bi CCF. Bng 3.7 Bn tin tr li thanh ton (ACA) cho thanh ton ngoi tuyn
MRFCCDR c to ra da trn thng tin t MRFC ASCDR c to ra da trn thng tin t AS Nhng AVP Diameter ny c s dng cho thanh ton ngoi tuyn c nh du l Yes trong bng 3.6 ti 3.7. Nhng Diameter AVP khng c s dng cho thanh ton ngoi tuyn s c nh du l No trong bng 3.6 n 3.7. Vic a ra ni dung c th Yes hoc khng th No c CCF s dng xy dng cc CDR. Nhng biu tng sau c s dng trong bng: <AVP> ni rng cc AVP bt buc ny c gn c nh trong bn tin {AVP} cho bit mt AVP bt buc trong bn tin [AVP] cho bit rng AVP ty chn trong bn tin *AVP cho bit rng nhiu s kin c th c trong mt AVP
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n tt nghip i hc 3.4.3 Kin trc tnh cc trc tuyn
Hnh 3.22 Kin trc tnh cc IMS trc tuyn S-CSCF, AS v MRFC l cc thc th IMS c th thc hin tnh cc trc tuyn. AS v MRFC s dng im tham chiu Ro, trong khi S-CSCF s dng im tham chiu ISC (iu khin dch v IMS) lin lc vi OSC (h thng tnh cc trc tuyn). 3.4.3.1 Chc nng tnh cc s kin (ECF) Khi UE yu cu cp php tnh cc t AS hoc MRFC, AS hoc MRFC lin lc vi ECF (chc nng tnh cc s kin) thng qua im tham chiu Ro trc khi chuyn giao dch v ti ngi dng: v d, ngi s dng c th gi mt yu cu SUBSCRIBE ti mt server mi hi v hi ngh thoi c thit lp. ECF h tr hai m hnh cp php khc nhau: tnh cc s kin trc tip v tnh cc s kin vi dnh ring n v. Trong m hnh tnh cc s kin trc tip ECF s dng chc nng phn loi tm bng gi thch hp cho mt s kin. Sau khi gii quyt bng gi v gi, ECF tr i mt khon tin thch hp t ti khon ca ngi dng v cp cc ACR t AS hoc MRFC. Khi s dng m hnh ny AS hoc MRFC bit rng n c th chuyn giao dch v c yu cu ti bn thn ngi dng. V d AS c th gi ACR v ni cho ECF bit v dch v (tc l, mt tr chi c) v s n v (tc l, 2) c chuyn giao. Sau ECF s dng chc nng phn loi quyt nh bng gi (0.3) v tnh ton gi da trn s n v c chuyn giao (0.6). Cui cng ti khon ca ngi s dng b tr i 0.6 v ECF thng bo cho AS bit rng 2 n v c cp trong ACA (tr li thanh ton). Nguyn Minh Quang D04VT2 81
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Trong tnh cc s kin vi m hnh dng ring n v ECF s dng chc nng phn loi quyt nh gi ca dch v yu cu theo thng tin dch v ring bit, nu gi khng c nh sn trong ACR. Khi ECF t trc mt khon tin thch hp t ti khon ca ngi dng v p li lng ti nguyn tng ng t AS hoc MRFC. Lng ti nguyn c th l thi gian hoc khi lng d liu cho php. Khi ti nguyn c cp ti ngi dng c dng ht hoc dch v c chuyn giao thnh cng hoc kt thc, AS hoc MRFC thng tin cho ECF bit lng ti nguyn dng ht. Cui cng ECF tr i lng dng t ti khon ca ngi s dng, nhng c th i hi s tng tc hn na vi chc nng phn loi. M hnh ny l thch hp khi AS hoc MRFC khng th nh r trc c hay khng dch v c th c chuyn giao hoc lng ti nguyn cn n khng bit trc dng cho dch v c bit (v d trong hi ngh). 3.4.3.2 Chc nng tnh cc phin (SCF) Chc nng tnh cc phin (SCF) l dng thc hin tnh cc theo cch s dng ti nguyn phin, da trn yu cu nhn c t S-CSCF quan im tham chiu ISC. SCF s c th iu khin thit lp phin bi cho php hoc t chi mt yu cu thit lp phin sau khi kim tra ti khon ca ngi dng. Thm vo, SCF s c th kt thc mt phin hin thi tc l, ti khon ngi dng ht. SCF h tr tnh cc s kin vi m hnh dnh ring n v cho tnh cc s kin. Thit k hin ti buc phi chp nhn nhiu vn kht khe. iu c ngha l, v d SCF phi h tr ngn xp giao thc SIP, hot ng nh l AS, duy tr m hnh trng thi cuc gi v thc thi iu khin ngn sch cho cc phin IMS. C ton b cc chc nng ny l mt phn ca mt h thng tnh cc s lm qu ti h thng v dn n mt cho h thng tnh cc ri rc. Thc t, c hai ty chn gii quyt vn ny: hoc m rng im tham chiu ISC hoc la chn im tham chiu thch hp khc. Trong phin bn 6 l im tham chiu Ro. N c th ch dn mt vi loi cng hoc chc nng lin kt ni ang c gii thiu gia S-CSCF v SCF. 3.4.3.3 Chc nng tnh cc knh mang (BCF) SGSN s dng im tham chiu da trn phn ng dng CAMEL (CAP) yu cu cho php s dng knh mang t chc nng tnh cc knh mang (BCF). BCF iu kin s dng knh mang (v d: trong iu kin c chp nhn thi gian hoc dung lng lu lng) BCF tng tc vi chc nng phn loi v ti khon ca ngi dng. Trong phin bn 6 cc chc nng BCF cn m rng kim sot WLAN (mng vng ni ht v tuyn) v cc yu cu tnh cc da trn lu lng IP t GGSN. Nguyn Minh Quang D04VT2 82
n tt nghip i hc 3.4.3.4 Chc nng phn loi
Chc nng phn loi thc hin xc nh n v, gi v bng gi. Trong qu trnh xc nh n v chc nng phn loi tnh ton s lng n v tin t nh ca lin quan phin (v d: cc n v dch v, lu lng d liu, thi gian), da trn dch v c yu cu. Xc nh bng gi ngha l tnh ton gi s dng mng i vi vic s dng ca mt dch v ring bit: v d, bng gi ca phin IMS thng thng c th l 0.1 trn pht. Xc nh gi c s dng tnh ton gi ca s nht nh ca cc n v tin t. Gi c s dng cp nhp s d ti khon (bn n hoc bn vay). C th thc hin chc nng phn loi trc khi hoc sau khi tiu dng dch v. 3.4.3.5 im tham chiu Ro Nguyn l c bn Thanh ton trc tuyn IMS v bn cht s dng cng mt giao thc m c s dng cho thanh ton ngoi tuyn. Tuy nhin, i vi thanh ton trc tip th giao thc c th bao gm thm cp thuc tnh gi tr (AVPs) tn ti trong cc bn tin. 2 trng hp cho thanh ton trc tuyn c phn bit. Thanh ton s kin trc tip (IEC) v Thanh ton s kin vi n v dnh ring (ECUR) Trong trng hp thanh ton s kin trc tip (IEC), vic m bo d liu ti AS c thc hin trong mt hot ng n l v ng thi cng bao gm vic khu tr n v tin t tng ng t ti khon ngi dng. X l tnh cc c iu khin bi CC-request-Type EVENT_REQUEST tng ng c gi vi mt CCR a ra cho thanh ton s kin. Ngc li, thanh ton vi n v dnh ring (ECUR) cng bao gm x l yu cu, d tr, gii phng v tr li cc n v khng dng n. Vic tr i n v tin t tng ng sau khi kt thc ECUR. Trong trng hp ny, mt kiu yu cu CC yu cu khi to/cp nht/kt thc c s dng iu khin phin thanh ton. Trong sut mt phin SIP, c th lp i lp li hot ng dnh ring n v v hot ng tnh cc ch ra trong TS 32.200. AS/MRFC c th p dng hoc IEC, khi m bn tin CCR s kin c to ra, hoc ECUR, s dng CC khi to, kt thc, v cp nht. Vic quyt nh p dng IEC hoc ECUR da trn dch v v chnh sch ca ngi vn hnh. Thanh ton s kin tc thi (IEC) Hnh 3.23 a ra gii quyt trn giao din Ro thc hin IEC vi hot ng tnh cc n v. Hot ng tnh cc n v nh l s la chn truyn ra bn ngoi
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ng thi vi truyn dch v v truyn ni dung. AS/MRFC phi m bo rng cc yu cu dch v m bo thnh cng, khi m ng cnh ny c s dng.
Hnh 3.23 IEC Hot ng chuyn giao n v 1. AS/MRFC nhn mt yu cu dch v SIP t S-CSCF. 2. AS/MRFC th hin IEC thc thi nhim v, AS/MRFC gi yu cu kim sot thanh ton (CCR) vi CC-Request AVP t thnh EVENT_REQUEST (yu cu s kin) cho bit thng tin dch v c th ti ECF. Requested_Action AVP(RA) t thnh tnh cc trc tip DIRECT_DEBITING. AS/MRFC c th thm (yu cu n v dch v) Requested-Service-Unit AVP (RSU) (tin hoc th khc) trong bn tin yu cu. 3. Thi gian m AS/MRFC bt u gi bn tin yu cu CC_request c gim st bi ng h m Tx. Da trn vic nhn bn tin tr li kim sot gi CreditControl-Answer (CCA) AS/MRFC s dng ng h m thi gian Tx. 4. ECF xc nh cc thng s dch v thch ng lin quan kt hp vi chc nng tnh cc ca OCS (h thng tnh cc trc tuyn- Online Charging System). 5. ECF gi tr li bn tin CC-answer vi CC-Request-Type AVP t thnh EVENT_REQUEST AS/MRFC cp quyn thc thi dch v. (n v d liu Granted-Service-Unit AVP) (GSU) v c th thng tin v gi Cost-infomation AVP (CI) cho bit gi ca dch v c cha trong bn tin tr li CC-answer). Bn tin tr li CC_answer c kim tra bi AS/MRFC ph hp v dch v yu cu c gim st ng thi vi vic truyn dch v.
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ECUR Cc n v dnh ring v hot ng tnh cc n v Hnh 3.24 a ra s gii quyt m c yu cu trn giao din Ro thc hin ECUR vi cc n v dnh ring v hot ng tnh cc n v. Nhiu s ti to ca hot ng ny c th xy ra.
Hnh 3.24 ECUR Cc n v dnh ring v hot ng tnh cc n v 1. AS/MRFC nhn mt dch v SIP lin quan t S-CSCF. Dch v yu cu c th khi to hoc ngi dng hoc AS/MRFC. 2. thc hin hot ng n v dnh ring cho mt s lng cc n v (tin hoc n v khng phi l tin), AS/MRFC gi mt CCR vi CC-Request-Type AVP t thnh INITIAL-REQUEST ti ECF. 3. Khi m thng tin gi dch v khng c nhn bi ECF, ECF xc nh gi ca dch v yu cu theo nhn thng tin dch v c th bng vic a ra yu cu nh gi ti chc nng nh gi. Khi m gi ca dch v c trong yu cu, ECF s dnh ring s lng tin c th trong ti khon. Khi m ti khon thanh ton c kh nng, ECF dnh ti khon tng ng t ti khon ngi dng. Nguyn Minh Quang D04VT2 85
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4. Khi m s dnh ring ny c to ra, ECF gi tr li bn tin CC-answer vi CC-Reques-Type t thnh INTIAL-REQUEST ti AS/MRFC cp quyn thc thi dch v (n v dch v c cp v c th thng tin gi cho bit gi dch v c bao gm trong bn tin CC-answer). Khi c yu cu, ECF gi tr li (chuyn tip thanh ton ni b) (AII) AVP vi trng gi tr t thnh gi tr khc khng 5. Truyn ni dung v dch v c bt u v cc n v dnh ring ng thi c gim st. 6. Trong qu trnh chuyn dch v, thc hin tnh cc n v v hot ng ca n v dnh ring n sau, AS/MRFC gi mt CCR vi CC-Request-Type AVP t thnh (UPDATE-REQUEST), bo co cc n v dnh ring s dng v yu cu thm n v. Bn tin CCR vi CC-Request-Type AVP t thnh (UPDATEREQUEST) phi c gi bi AS/MRFC gia bn tin yu cu khi to (INITIAL_REQUEST) v bn tin kt thc (TERMINATION_REQUEST) trn yu cu ca ng dng gim st thanh ton trong khong thi gian chuyn tip hoc khi m thi gian chuyn tip tri qua. AS/MRFC c th c th gm thm yu cu n v dch v AVP (Requested-Service-Unit) (tin hoc khng phi l tin) trong bn tin yu cu. n v dch v c s dng Used-Service-Unit (USU) AVP c b sung trong bn tin CCR tr i cc n v t c ti khon ngi dng v n v dnh ring. 7. ECF khu tr tin s dng trong ti khon. Khi m ECF khng nhn c thng tin gi dch v, ECF xc nh gi ca dch v yu cu theo thng tin dch v c th nhn c bng vic a ra yu cu nh gi ti chc nng nh gi. Nu m gi ca dch v c trong yu cu, ECF s dnh ring lng tin c th trong ti khon. Ti khon thanh ton m c kh nng, th ECF s d tr tin tng ng t ti khon ngi dng 8. Vic khu tr v d tr c to ra, ECF gi tr li bn tin CC-answer vi kiu yu cu gim st thanh ton CC-Request-Type t thnh yu cu cp nht (UPDATE-REQUEST) ti AS/MRFC, cho php truyn dch v/ni dung c tip tc (Cp n v d liu mi (GSU) AVP v c th thng tin gi (Cost Infomation) AVP cho bit gi tng hp ca dch v c trong bn tin tr li CC-answer. ECF c th bao gm a ra n v cui cng Final-Unit-Indication (FUI) AVP trong bn tin CCA a ra cc n v cp pht cui cng. 9. Truyn ni dung/dch v tip tc v n v dnh ring c gim st ng thi 10. Khi m truyn dch v/ni dung c hon tt hoc n v cui cng c cp pht, AS/MRFC gi CCR vi CC-Request-Type AVP t thnh yu cu kt thc Nguyn Minh Quang D04VT2 86
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(TERMINATE-REQUEST) kt thc hot ng ca phin thanh ton v bo co vic s dng cc n v 11. ECF khu tr ti khon s dng t ti khon ngi dng. n v dnh ring cha c dng n s c gii phng khi c th. 12. ECF xc nhn vic nhn bn tin CCR bng gi bn tin CCA vi CCRequest-Type AVP cho bit yu cu kt thc (TERMINATE-REQUEST) (c th thng tin gi AVP cho bit gi tng ca dch v trong bn tin tr li CC-answer ). nh dng bn tin Cu trc c bn sau c chia s bi cc bn thanh ton trc tuyn. y l nh dng ca bn tin yu cu CC-Request v tr li CC-answer nh ngha trong giao thc c bn Diameter. Bn tin yu cu iu khin gim st (CCR) Bng 3.8 a ra cu trc c bn ca bn tin Diameter CC-Request c s dng trong thanh ton trc tuyn IMS.
Bng 3.9 Ni dung Bn tin tr li gim st thanh ton (CCA) i vi thanh ton trc tuyn Nguyn Minh Quang D04VT2 87
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Nhng AVP Diameter m c s dng cho thanh ton trc tuyn c nh du vi ch yes. Nhng Diameter AVP m khng c s dng c nh du vi ch No. Vic a ra ni dung c th Yes hoc No c s dng i vi EFC cho mc ch thanh ton. Nhng biu tng sau c s dng trong bng: <AVP> a ra mt AVP bt buc vi v tr c nh trong bn tin {AVP}a ra mt AVP bt buc trong bn tin [AVP] a ra mt AVP ty chn trong bn tin *AVP a ra rng nhiu s kin c th c trong mt AVP 3.4.4 Cc AVP s dng cho thanh ton trc tuyn v ngoi tuyn Cc AVP ca giao thc c bn Diameter S dng cc cp thuc tnh gi tr (AVPs) c nh ngha trong giao thc c bn Diameter c th trong ca thanh ton ngoi tuyn v trong thanh ton trc tuyn. Nhng thng tin ny c tng kt trong bng 3.10 vi cc AVP giao thc c bn c nhp theo th t alphabeta.
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ng dng thanh ton 3GPP IMS s dng gi tr 104153 (3GPP) l nhn dng nh sn xut. Nhng Diameter AVP m c s dng cho thanh ton IMS c nh du l Yes trong bng 3.10 v ngc li nh du No. Chng c dng cho mc ch thanh ton ca CCF. Bng 3.10 Diameter AVP m c s dng cho thanh ton IMS
AVP nhn dng ng dng thanh ton. AVP nhn dng ng dng thanh ton (m l 259), l mt phn ca nhm AVP nhn dng ng dng nh sn xut Vendor-Specific-Application-Id, cha gi tr ging vi nhn dng ng dng c s dng trong giao din Cx.
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AVP m kt qu ( Result-Code) M AVP l 298 c h tr bi giao thc Diameter. Bn tin tr li thanh ton bao gm mt Result-Code AVP, cho bit li trong bn tin yu cu thanh ton. Mt bn tin t chi yu cu thanh ton s l nguyn nhn dn ti kt thc phin. Cc li m xy ra trong thi gian ngn c s dng cho nt bit rng yu cu khng th c chp nhn ti thi im ny, nhng c th chp nhn vo mt thi im khc trong tng lai. DIAMTER_END_USER_SERVICE_DENIED (t chi dch v Diameter ngi dng ) ECF t chi dch v yu cu do s hn ch ca dch v hoc gii hn lin quan n ngi dng, v d ti khon ca ngi dng khng th thc hin dch v yu cu a ra DIAMTER_CREDIT_CONTROL_NOT_APPLICABLE (khng cn thit gim st thanh ton Diamter ) Server gim st thanh ton xc nh rng dch v c th c chp nhn ti ngi dng nhng khng cn n gim st thanh ton cho dch v (dch v c min ph). Li m thng xuyn c s dng bo cho nt bit rng yu cu hng, nn c gng li. Tn ngi dng AVP Tn ngi dng AVP (m l 1) cha nhn dng ngi dng c nhn, khi n c c sn trong nt. AVP nhn dng nh sn xut AVP AVP nhn dng nh sn xut (m l 266) l mt phn ca nhm AVP nhn dng ng dng nh sn xut Vendor-Specific-Application-Id, s cha gi tr 10415, c IANA ng k gi tr i vi 3GPP. Ngoi ra cn mt s AVP khc.
Kt lun chng Trong chng ny nghin cu v qu trnh ng k, xa ng thng qua giao din Cx, qu trnh truy vn HSS s dng cc giao thc Cx v Dx Diameter, trong th tc tnh cc c tnh cc trc tuyn v tnh cc ngoi tuyn vi giao din Ro v Rf a ra. Trong tnh cc trc tuyn lin quan ti thi gian thc (truyn hnh hi ngh) v giao din Ro. Tnh cc gin tip khng lin quan ti thi gian thc qua giao din Rf. Qua chng ny nm r vai tr c bn ca giao thc Diameter trong mt s th tc IMS.
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Kt lun chung
KT LUN CHUNG
Sau mt thi gian tm hiu, em hon thnh n vi ni dung v: Mng IMS ni chung v tng quan v giao thc Diameter Cc th tc trong IMS s dng qua giao din Diameter Vic tm hiu v nghin cu v phn lp IMS gip em cng c kin thc hc: nm vng kin trc ca phn h a phng tin IP, cc yu cu kin trc nh kt ni IP, truy nhp c lp, kin trc phn lp IMS, chc nng cc phn t trong IMS nh P-CSCF, S-CSCF, I-CSCF, MGCF, m hnh IMS ca mt s t chc tiu chun khc vi 3GPP . Giao thc Diameter l giao thc c s dng thay th giao thc RADIUS trc , n c s dng cho nhn thc, cp quyn v thanh ton. Giao thc Diameter l giao thc ngang hng, c th c nhiu kt ni trong mt phin. Giao thc Diameter chy trn 2 giao thc l TCP v SCTP, iu ny c tnh cht quan trng trong thng tin trao i thanh ton. Vic s dng bo mt tng chng v bo mt u cui rt c ngha i vi cc gi tin Diameter. Trong IMS, giao thc Diameter nm trong lp li, cng vi cc giao thc khc nh SIP, H248, giao thc Diameter c vai tr quan trng trong mt s th tc IMS nh ng k, xa ng k nh th no vi giao din Cx, vic tm ra a ch ca HSSni lu tr d liu thu bao nhn dng thu bao vi giao dinDx. Vic tnh cc trong IMS gm tnh cc trc tip (lin quan ti thi gian thc)v tnh cc gin tip(khng lin quan ti thi gian thc). Mi cch thc tnh cc li tng ng vi giao din Diameter ca ring mnh. Vi tnh cc gin tip, thng qua giao din Rf, vi vic s dng cc bn tin ACR v ACA c dng trong thanh ton. Vi tnh cc trc tip, thng qua giao din Ro, vi 2 kiu thanh ton l thanh ton s kin tc thi v theo kiu dnh ring, giao thc Diameter s dng 2 bn tin l CCR v CCA gim st qu trnh thanh ton. Hin nay, Ipv4 vn c s dng pht trin IMS, gii hn ny dn n nhiu hn ch trong IMS. Trong tng lai, khi Ipv6 c s dng mt cch rng ri, giao thc Diameter cng s nhng bc i tip theo p ng c mi trng mng mi ny.
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Ti liu tham kho
TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] Ti liu ging dy 3G v cc giao thc bo hiu trong IMS TS Nguyn Phm Anh Dng 8/2006. [2] Tng quan v mng NGN TS Nguyn Tin Ban. [3] 3GPP TS 32.255 V 5.7.0 Telecommunication Management; Charging Management; Charging Data [4] 3GPP TS 29.299, Cx/Dx interface based on Diameter protocol Revision 9/14/06 [5] 3GPP TS 23. 002: "Network Architecture". [6]3GPP TS 22. 250: IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) group management; Stage 1 [7]3GPP TS 29. 228: "IP Multimedia (IM) Subsystem Cx and Dx Interfaces; Signalling flows and message contents". [8]3GPP TS 26. xxx: IMS messaging and Presence; Media formats and codecs [9] 3GPP TS 22. 250: IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) group management; Stage 1 [10]RFC 3261: "SIP: Session Initiation Protocol" [11] RFC 3588: Diameter Base protocol
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Diameter Trong Ims

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n tt nghip i hc

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CAP CCF CCSA CDMA CDR

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Danh mc hnh v v bng biu

Danh mc hnh v v bng biu

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Danh mc hnh v v bng biu

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CHNG I TNG QUAN V IMS

Chng 1-Tng quan v IMS

Chng 1-Tng quan v IMS

Chng 1-Tng quan v IMS

Chng 1-Tng quan v IMS

Chng 1-Tng quan v IMS

1.4 Kin trc chc nng IMS

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S dng ti nguyn v thanh ton Pht ra cc CDR;

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Lu lng lin quan n phin v khng lin quan n phin

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Chng 1-Tng quan v IMS

Chng 1-Tng quan v IMS

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Chng 1-Tng quan v IMS

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Hnh 1.7 M hnh IMS theo ITU-T

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