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BI TP CHNG I: IN LI
Dng 1: Vit PT in li v tnh nng ion trong dung dch
BT 1.1. Vit phng trnh in li ca cc cht sau: a. HNO3, Ba(OH)2, Na2CO3, Al2(SO4)3, NaCl, HCl, KOH, H2SO4, AlCl3, (NH4)2CO3. b. KHCO3, NaHS, CH3COOK, CuSO4 , Mg(OH)2 , NaH2PO4.,Al(NO3)3. BT 1.2. Tnh nng mol ca cation v anion trong dung dch sau: a. (BTSGK) dd Ba(OH)2 0,1M b. 200ml dd cha 0,25 mol Na2SO4 c. 2 lt dung dch c ha tan 3,92g H2SO4 d. 4 lt dd c ha tan 4g NaOH v 16,8g KOH e. Trn ln 100ml dung dch AlCl3 1M vi 200ml dung dch BaCl2 2M v 300ml dung dch KNO3 0,5M. Tnh nng mol/l cc ion c trong dung dch sau khi trn. f. Ho tan 12,5gam CuSO4.5H2O vo mt lng nc va to thnh 200ml dung dch. Tnh nng mol/l cc ion c trong dung dch.(B qua s in ly ca H2O)
Dng 2: chng minh cc cht, ion l axit baz theo thuyt Bron-sted
BT 1.3. Theo thuyt axit-baz ca Bronsted, cc cht sau gi vai tr l axit- baz- lng tnhtrung tnh: a. (BTSGK) HI, CH3COO-, H2PO4-, PO43- , NH3, S2-, HPO2 4 2 b. Na , Al 3 , Cu2 , Cl , NO3 , CO32 , NH 4 , HCO3 , SO3 , NO2 , HS . HSO4 . BT 1.4. Tnh nng cc ion trong dung dch axit-baz yu. a. (BT SGK) Dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M (Ka = 1,75.10-5). Tnh nng mol ca ion H+ b. (BT SGK) Dung dch NH3 0,1M (Kb = 1,8.10-5). Tnh nng mol ca ion OH c. Trong 2 lit dung dch axit flohidric c cha 4g HF. in li ca axit ny l 8%. Tnh hng s phn li Ka ca axit HF.
A a. [H ] 1,32.103 M b. [OH ] 1,34.103 M c. Ka ( HF ) 6,96.104
BT 1.5. (BTSGK) Vit biu thc tnh Ka hoc Kb cho cc trng hp sau: HF; NH 4 ; ClO ; CH 3COO , HNO2, NO2-, HClO, BrO-.
A x 0,5
BT 1.9. a. Ho tan m gam Ba vo nc thu c 1,5 lt dung dch X c pH = 13. Tnh m. b. Cho m gam Ba vo 500 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,04M th c mt dung dch c pH = 13. Tnh m ( Coi th tch dung dch khng i ).
A a. m 10,275g b. m 0,685g
BT 1.10. C V1 ml dung dch H2SO4 pH = 2. Trn thm V2 ml H2O vo dung dch trn c (V1+V2) ml dung dch mi c pH = 3. Vy t l V1 : V2 c gi tr bng bao nhiu?
A V1 : V2 1: 9
BT 1.14. Cho 200ml dung dch CH3COOH 0,2M. Sau thm vo 1,23g CH3COONa. Tnh pH ca dung dch sau phn ng bit Ka (CH3COOH)=1,75.10-5. (gi s th tch dd thay i khng ng k).
A pH 4,33
BT 1.15. Tnh pH ca dung dch NH3 bit 2 lt dung dch c ho tan 11,2 lt NH3 (kc), bit hng s phn li baz ca NH3 l 1,8.10-5.
A pH 11,32
BT 1.17. Ho tan 10,7g NH4Cl vo nc c 1 lt dung dch X. a. Tnh pH ca dung dch X bit hng s phn li baz ca NH3 l 1,8.10-5. b. Nu thm vo dung dch X 500 ml dd HCl 0,04M c dd Y. Tnh pH ca dd Y?
A a. pH 4,98 b. pH 1,87
BT 1.18. Dung dch A cha HF 0,1M v NaF 0,1M. Tnh pH ca dung dch bit pKa = 3,17.
A pH 3,17
BT 1.19. (BTSGK) Tnh nng cc ion H+ v OH- trong dd NaNO2 1M. Bit hng s phn li baz ca NO2 l kb=2,5.10-11.
A [OH ] 5.106 M
b. NH 4 Cl (k a(NH+ ) = 5,56.10 ).
-10
4
Dng 5. Vit PTHH dng phn t-ion rt gn BT 1.21. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng dng phn t (nu c) v dng ion thu gn. a. Fe2(SO4)3 + NaOH g. Al(OH)3 + KOH b. Cu(OH)2 + HNO3 h. NaHSO3 + NaOH C KNO3 + NaCl i Na2HPO4 + HCl d CaCO3 + H2SO4 k. H2SO4 c nng + Fe e. AgNO3 + HBr l CuSO4 + H2S f. FeS + HCl m FeSO4 + KMnO4 + H2SO4 BT 1.22. Vit PTHH phn t v ion rt gn ca cc phn ng sau:
2a. Ba2+ + CO3 BaCO3
h. BaCl 2
+ ? BaSO 4 + ?
Dng 5: Gii thch mi trng ca cc dung dch mui BT 1.23. Gii thch mi trng ca cc dung dch mui:
Na2CO3 ; NH 4 Cl; Al 2 (SO4 )3 ; KHSO4 ; NaHSO3 ; NaHCO3 ; K 2S; Ba(NO3 )2 ; KHS; CH3COOK; NaNO3 ; NaF; KI; Na2SO4 .
b. NH + ; HCl la axit. 4
c. H 2 O, Zn(OH)2 , Al (OH)3 ,Cr(OH)3 , Pb(OH)2 , HS- ,HCO3 ,HSO3 lng tnh.
BT 1.26. Mt dung dch cha 0,02 mol Cu2+, 0,03 mol K+, x mol Cl- v y mol SO42-. Tng khi lng mui khan c trong dung dch l 5,435 gam. Tnh gi tr x v y.
A x 0,03 y 0,02
BT 1.27. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)2 d vo dung dch X cha NH4+; SO42- v NO3-, un nng nh .Sau phn ng thu c 11,65g gam kt ta v 4,48 lt kh thot ra (ktc). Tnh tng khi lng (gam) mui trong X .
A mhhmuoi 14,6g
; 0,02 mol SO2va x mol NO3 . BT 1.28. Dung dch X cha 0,01mol Fe2+ ; 0,02 mol NH+ 4 4 a. Tnh ga tr x. b. Trn dd X vi 100ml dd Ba(OH)2 0,3M c m gam kt ta v V lt kh (kc). Tnh m v V.
BT 1.29. Dung dch X cha cc ion: Fe3+, SO42-, NH4+, Cl-. Chia dung dch X thnh hai phn bng nhau: - Phn mt tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaOH, un nng thu c 0,672 lt kh ( ktc) v 1,07 gam kt ta. - Phn hai tc dng vi lng d dung dch BaCl2, thu c 4,66 gam kt ta. Tng khi lng cc mui khan thu c khi c cn dung dch X l (qu trnh c cn ch c nc bay hi).
A mmuoi 7,46g
BT 1.31. Trn 100m dd FeCl3 0,1M vi 500ml dd NaOH 0,1M thu c dd D v m gam kt ta. a. Tnh nng cc ion trong dd D. b. Tnh m.
A m 10,7g
BT 1.32. Cho dd A gm: H2SO4 0,015M; HCl 0,03M; HNO3 0,04M. Tnh th tch NaOH 2M trung ha ht 200ml ddA.
A 10ml.
BT 1.33. trung ha 500ml ddX gm: HCl 0,1M v H2SO4 0,3M cn bao nhiu ml dd cha hn hp NaOH 0,3M v BaOH 0,2M?
A 500 ml.
BT 1.34. Trn 100ml dd gm: Ba(OH)2 0,1M v NaOH 0,1M vi 400ml H2SO4 0,0375M v HCl 0,0125 thu c dd X. Tnh pH dd X.
A pH 2
BT 1.35. Cho dd A gm: HCl v H2SO4 . Trung ha 1000ml ddA th cn 400ml dd NaOH 0,5M. C cn dd to thnh th thu c 12,95 gam mui. a. Tnh nng cc ion trong dd A. b. tnh pH ca ddA.
A pH 0,699
BT 1.36. a. Cn bao nhiu th tch nc cho vo dd c pH=3 thnh dd c pH = 4. b. Cn pha long dung dch c pH =12 thnh bao nhiu ln c dung dch c pH =10.
A a. VH O 9Vdd b. 100 lan (VH O 99Vdd ).
2 2
BT 1.38*. Tnh khoi lng ket tua thu c khi cho 300 ml dung dch KOH 1,75M vao a. 200 ml dung dch AlCl3 1,05 M b. 200 ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3 0,375 M c. 200 ml dung dch Al(NO3)3 0,525M
A a. m 24,75g b. m 5,85g c. m 0 g
BT 1.39*. Cho dung dch KOH 2M vao 140 ml dung dch ZnSO 4 0,5M. Tnh the tch dung dch KOH khi a. Thu c ket tua ln nhat. b. Thu c ket tua nho nhat. c. Thu c 5,94 gam ket tua.
A a. 70ml b. 140ml c. 60ml or 80ml.
BT 1.40*. Hoa tan hoan toan 26,64 gam Al2(SO4)3.18H2O vao nc c dung dch A. Chia dung dch A thanh 2 phan bang nhau. a. Tnh the tch dung dch NaOH 0,2M cho vao phan 1 e o Thu c lng ket tua ln nhat? Tnh khoi lng ket tua? o Thu c lng ket tua nho nhat? b. Cho 200 ml dung dch KOH x mol/lit vao phan 2 th thu c 1,17 gam ket. Tm x.
A a. 300ml ,1,56g and 400ml b. 0,225M or 0,325M.
Cu 3: Vit phng trnh ion rt gn ca cc phn ng (nu c) xy ra trong dung dch gia cc cp cht sau : (2,5 im) a) Na2S +Cu(NO3)2 b) Cr(OH)3 + NaOH c) KNO3 + CaCl2 d) K3PO4 + HNO3 e) CO2+ NaOH ( 1:1) f) MgCO3 +H2SO4 Cu 4: (2,0im) Dung dch G cha cc ion Mg2+ ; SO42- ; NH4+ ; Cl-. Chia G thnh hai phn bng nhau : Phn 1: Cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d th c 0,58g kt ta v 0,672 lt kh (kc) Phn 2: Cho tc dng dung dch BaCl2 d thu c 4,66g kt ta a) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng ha hc dng ion thu gn? b) Tnh tng khi lng cht rn khi c cn G ? Cu 5: (1,5 im) Dung dch axit HF 0,1M c hng s phn li l 6,96.10-4. Tnh in li ca axit ? Cu 6: (1,5 im) Ha tan 91,6g mui Na2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O vo nc thu c 200ml dung dch A. Tnh nng mol /lt cc ion trong dung dch A? S 2 KIM TRA LP 11 NC Cu 1: (2) Vit phng trnh phn ng dng phn t, ion y v ion thu gn ca cc phn ng (nu c) sau: a) AgNO3 + CaCl2 b) NaHCO3 + H2SO4 c) Cu(OH)2 + HNO3 c) Al(OH)3 + NaOH(dd) Cu 2: (2) Gii thch mi trng cc dung dch: FeSO4 , CH3COONa , NH4NO3 , BaCl2 , KHSO4. Cu 3: (1) Theo thuyt bronsted, vit PTHH chng minh Sn(OH)2 lng tnh. Cu 4: (4)Trn ln 200ml dung dch H2SO4 0,35M vi 400ml dung dch cha Ba(OH)2 0,15M v NaOH 0,2M , thu c dung dch Y. Hy tnh: a) Khi lng kt ta thu c sau phn ng. b) pH ca dung dch Y. Cu 5: (1) Hy tnh pH v in li ca dung dch HClO 0,1 M (bit Ka = 4. 10-8).