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1

PHNG PHP KT TA
Antoine Lavoisier
1743 - 1794
2
MC TIU
1. Giai thich c biu thc tich s tan, tan va y
nghia cua no trong phn tich.
2. Trinh bay c cac yu t anh hng n tan cua
cht in ly it tan va tinh c tan cua cht o trong
cac iu kin cu th.
3. Trinh bay c hin tng hp phu khi chun theo
phng phap bac.
4. Trinh bay c nguyn tc, iu kin tin hanh va ng
dung cua 3 phng phap: Mohr, Fajans, Volhard.
3
NI DUNG
1. L THUYT V S KT TA
1.1. Tich s tan.
1.2. tan Cach tinh tan
1.3. Cac yu t anh hng n tan
2. NH LNG BNG PHNG PHP KT TA
2.1. Nguyn tc chung
2.2. Phn loai
2.3. Yu cu i vi phan ng trong phng phap kt tua
2.4. Phng phap bac
4
1. L THUYT V S KT TA
Phan ng kt tua la phan ng
tao thanh cht rn t cac cht
tan trong dung dich. Trong qua
trinh phn tich inh tinh, inh
lng ta thng phai s dung
n phan ng kt tua tach
ring cac ion phn tich khoi cac
ion khac
5
1. TCH S TAN (T) (K
SP
= Solubility product constants)
Theo inh lut bao toan khi lng (stoichiometry) khi cn
bng c thit lp, trong dung dich nc bao hoa
AB
Hoa tan
Kt tua
A
+
+ B
-
Tua Dung dich
AgCl
Hoa tan
Kt tua
Ag
+
+ Cl
-
Tua Dung dich
| | | |
| | AgCl
Cl Ag
K
AgCl
+

=
6
1.TCH S TAN (T)
[Ag
+
] x [Cl
-
] = K
AgCl
x [AgCl] = hng s
= T
AgCl
Vi du:
T
AgCl
= 1,8 x 10
10
T
AgBr
= 5,0 x 10
13
T
AgI
= 8,3 x 10
17
7
1.TCH S TAN (T)
| | | | = =
+
n m
B A
n
m
m
n
T B A Hng s
| | | |
n
m
m
n
B A
B A T
n m
+
=
n
B
m
A
B A
m n
n m
a a T
+
=
: a ,
n
B
- m
m
A
n
a
+
hoat cua ion A
n+
, B
m-
Tng quat vi cht in ly it tan A
m
B
n
(m, n: s ion trong phn t)
A
m
B
n
mA
n+
+ nB
m-
Dung dich rt loang < 10
-4
M:
Tng quat:
8
1. TCH S TAN (T)
NGHI TRONG PHN TCH
T
AmBn
= [A]
m
x [B ]
n
m, n: s ion tng ng to thnh khi phn ly 1 phn t.
Nu tich s [A]
m
x [B ]
n
> T
AmBn
th hp cht it tan tch ra
dng kt ta (mun c kt ta).
Nu tich s [A]
m
x [B ]
n
< T
AmBn
kt ta khng tch ra m
b ha tan (mun kt ta tan c).
9
1. TCH S TAN (T)
NGHI TRONG PHN TCH
K
SP
(T)
10
1. TCH S TAN (T)
NGHI TRONG PHN TCH
K
SP
(T)
11
2. TAN (S)
S: tan tinh theo mol/l, g/l
i vi cht in ly it tan dang AB (cng hoa tri): AgCl, BaSO
4
AB A
+
+ B
-
Vd: tan AgCrO
4
trong nc (25
o
C) = 0,0435 g/l , tnh T
AgCrO4
2.1 tan trong nc nguyn cht
| | | |
+
+
=
= = =
B A T
T ] B [ ] A [ S
AB
AB AB
12
2. TAN (S)
2.1 tan trong nc nguyn cht
5
5 3 2
3 4 2
3
3
2 2
4 2
4
108 / 3 . 2 / S 3, n 2, m : ) (SO Al
4 /
.1 2
T
S 1, n 2, m : SO Na
1, n 1, m : CaSO
T T
T
T S
= = = =
= = = =
= = =
i vi cht in ly t tan dng A
m
B
n
(khng cng ha tr):
Ag
2
CrO
4
A
m
B
n
mA
n+
+ nB
m- n m
n m
B A
n m
T
S
n m
+
=
13
i vi cht in ly dng AB
2.2 tan cht in ly trong nc khi k ti h s hot f
| | | |
2 2
f S f B f A a a T
B A B A
AB
= = =
+ +
+
2
f
T
S
AB
=
AB
T
f
1
=
2. TAN (S)
o

A
A
Z
f
3 , 3 1
. . 51 , 0
log
2
+

=
2 2
]. [ ]. ([ 5 , 0
B A
Z B Z A
+
+ =
H s hot f ph thuc:
Lc ion ca dung dch
Z
A
: in tich ca ion A
14
2.2 tan cht in ly trong nc khi k ti h s hot f
2. TAN (S)
( f )
15
2.2 tan cht in ly trong nc khi k ti h s hot f
l g l M S
T
f f
T
S
AB
AB
/ 14 , 2 / 10 . 05 , 1
10 . 6 , 0 ). 57 , 0 / 1 ( 10 . 6 , 3 ) 57 , 0 / 1 (
1
2
3 5
2
= =
= = = =


2. TAN (S)
Tinh tan cua SrCrO
4
bng g/l 25
0
C
57 , 0 , 10 6 , 3
5
4
= =

f T
SrCrO
16
M(OH)
2 (
rn) M
2+
+ 2OH
-
x mol x mol 2x mol
2H
2
O H
3
O
+
+ OH
-
|M
2+
| |OH
-
|
2
= T (9.1)
|H
+
| |OH
-
| = K
W
(9.2)
Theo L bao ton khi lng: 2|M
2+
| ~ |OH
-
|
(9.1) |M
2+
|.(2[M
2+
|)
2
= T 4|M
2+
|
3
= T
2.3 tan ca hydroxyd kim loi trong nc
2. TAN (S)
1 2
1 2
1 2
+
=
n m
B A
T
S
3
2
4 / ] [ T M S = =
+
17
Zn(OH)
2
(s) Zn
2+
(aq) + 2OH
-
(aq)
T = 4.5 10
-17
Zn(OH)
2
(s) Zn
2+
(aq) + 2OH
-
(aq)
x mol x M 2x M
[Zn
2
][OH]
2
= (x)(2x)
2
= 4x
3
= 4,5 .10
-17
x
3
= 1,1.10
-18
x = 2,2.10
-6
M/l S = [Zn]
2+
= 2,2.10
-6
M/l
2.3 tan ca hydroxyd kim loi trong nc
2. TAN (S)
18
2.3 tan ca hydroxyd kim loi trong nc
2. TAN (S)
Fe(OH)
3 (rn)
Fe
3+
+ 3OH
-
2H
2
O H
3
O
+
+OH
-
|Fe
3+
| |OH
-
|
3
= T = 2.10
-39
|H
3
O
+
| |OH
-
| = 1,0.10
-14
Gia thit
|OH
-
| ~ 3|Fe
3+
| = 3 x (9,27.10
-11
) = 3.10
-10
Trong dung dich phn ly trung ha in tch:
|H
3
O
+
| = |OH
-
| = 1,0.10
-7
| |
18
3 7
39
3
10 . 2
) 10 . 00 , 1 (
10 . 2

+
= = = Fe S
19
3. CC YU T NH HNG N TAN
3.1 nh hng ca ion chung cng tn:
Thm ion cung tn gy nh hng ln
n tan ca cht in ly it tan, v c
kh nng lm cho s kt ta tng rn
hon ton hn.
(a): AgCH
3
COO kt ta trong dd bo ha
(b): AgCH
3
COO kt ta tng ln khi thm
dd AgNO
3
1M vo
(a) (b)
20
- Tnh S
AgCl
trong dung dch NaCl 0,1M. Bit T
AgCl
= 1,7 x 10
-10
l M S
O H
/ 10 3 , 1 10 7 , 1
5 10
2

= =
| | | |
9
1
10
10
10 . 7 , 1
10
10 7 , 1
] [
] [
10 7 , 1

+
+
=

= = =
= =
du
AB
NaCl
AgCl
Cl
T
Ag S
T Cl Ag
lan. 7647
10 7 , 1
10 3 , 1
9
5
=

3. CC YU T NH HNG N TAN
3.1 nh hng ca ion chung cng tn:
21
3.2. nh hng ca ion khng cung tn (hiu ng mui)
tan ca mt s mui it tan s tng khi c cc mui tan
khc khng c ion chung vi chng do lc tng tc gia
cc ion tng ln, h s hot f gim xung dn n S ca
cht it tan tng ln.
tan ca PbSO
4
BaSO
4
, SrSO
4
, CaSO
4
tng ln khi thm KCl,
NaNO
3
, KNO
3
v.v vo dung dch
Vd 2: Tinh tan ca CaSO
4
trong nc v trong dung dch
NaCl 0,1 M, bit T
CaSO4
= 6,26 x 10
-5
. . 5 , 0 log
2
A
Z f =
2 2
]. [ ]. ([ 5 , 0
B A
Z B Z A
+
+ =
AB
T
f
S
1
=
22
3.3 nh hng ca nng ion hydro n tan ca hp
cht t tan
3.3.1. pH mi trng l acid
Trong mi trng acid, tan ca cht it tan cng ln nu T
ca n cng ln v [H
+
] cng ln
T
BaC2O4
= 1,7 x 10
-7
T
SrC2O4
= 5,6 x 10
-8
T
CaC2O4
= 3,8 x 10
-9
Trong mi trng acid, BaC
2
O
4
tan tt hn, SrC
2
O
4
tan
kem hn, CaC
2
O
4
tan kem hn c.
23
3.3 nh hng ca nng ion hydro n tan ca hp
cht t tan
3.3. 2. tan ca kt ta khi anion l anion ca acid yu
AB A
+
+ B
-
(1)
K
HB
H
+
+ B
-
HB (2)
[A
+
] = [HB] + [B
-
]
] [ ] [
] [

+ = B HB
B
T
AB
HB
K
B H
HB
] [ ] [
] [
+

=
(2)
24
3.3 nh hng ca nng ion hydro n tan ca hp
cht t tan
3.3. 2. tan ca kt ta khi anion l anion ca acid yu
] .[ ] [ )
] ].[ [
( ] ]).[ [ ] ([ ] ].[ [

+
)
`

+ = + = = B B
K
B HB
B B HB B A T
HB
AB
(

+ =
(

+ =
(

+ =
(

+
=
+

1
] [
/ ] [
1
] [
/ ] [
1
] [
. ] [
] [
. ] [
2
2 2
K
H
T B
K
H
T B
K
H
B
K
K H
B T
25
3.3 nh hng ca nng ion hydro n tan ca hp
cht t tan
3.3. 2. tan ca kt ta khi anion l anion ca acid yu
)
`

+ =
)
`

+ =
)
`

+
= = =
+
+
+
+
1
] [
.
1
] [
.
1
] [
] /[ . ] [
K
H
T S
K
H
T
T
K
H
T
T
B T A S
26
3.3 nh hng ca nng ion hydro n tan ca hp
cht t tan
3.3. 2. tan ca kt ta khi anion l anion ca acid yu
tan ca mui acid yu it tan (trong k c hydroxit v
mui base ) trong dung dch nc acid mnh s tng ln so
vi tan ca n trong nc tinh khit
| |
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ = = =
+

+
1
] [
] [
HB
AB
AB
AB
K
H
T
B
T
A S
27
3.3 nh hng ca nng ion hydro n tan ca hp
cht t tan
3.3. 2. tan ca kt ta khi anion l anion ca acid yu
T
CaC2O4
= 1,8 x 10
-9
S
CaC2O4
= (1,8 x 10
-9
)
1/2
= 4,25.10
-5
H
2
C
2
O
4
HC
2
O
4
-
+ H
+
(K
1
= 6,5 x 10
-2
)
HC
2
O
4
-
C
2
O
4
-2
+ H
+
(K
2
= 6 x 10
-5
)
pH = 4 [H
+
] = 10
-4
M/l 10 6,84 .2,66 10 1,8 S
1
K
] [H
T. s
2,66 1 0,002 1,66 1
10 6,5 10 6
10
10 6
10
1
K K
] [H
K
H
1
K
] [H
5 9
O CaC
HB
2 5
8
5
4
1 2
2
2 HB
4 2

+

+ + +
= =
+ =
= + + = +

+

=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ + = +
28
3.3 nh hng ca nng ion hydro n tan ca hp
cht t tan
3.3. 2. tan ca kt ta khi anion l anion ca acid yu
S
CaC2O4
= (1,8 x 10
-9
)
1/2
= 4,25.10
-5
pH = 1 [H
+
] = 0,1
M/l 10 2,7 10 4,1 10 1,8 S
10 4,1 1 10 2,5 10 1,6 1
10 6,5 10 6
( 0,1)
10 6
0,1
1
K
] [H
3 3 9
3 3 3
2 5
2
5
HB


+
= =
= + + = +

+

= +
lan 63
10 4,25
10 2,7
5
3
=

So vi tan trong nc nguyn cht, tan tng


29
3.4 nh hng ca s to phc
3.4.1. Cht to phc c ion khng cng tn
tan ca ta c th thay i khi c mt cc cht to thnh
phc vi anion hay cation ca ta, bit hng s bn ca
phc c th tinh c tan ca ta khi c tc nhn to
phc.
Tinh tan cua AgBr trong dung dich NH
3
0,1M (T = 5,2 . 10
-13
)
AgBr
(rn)
Ag
+
+ Br
-
Ag
+
+ NH
3
AgNH
3
+
K
1
= 2.10
-3
AgNH
3
+
+ NH
3
Ag(NH
3
)
2
+
K
2
= 6,9.10
-3
NH
3
+ H
2
O NH
4
+
+ OH
-
K
3
= 1,76.10
-5
30
3.4 nh hng ca s to phc
Tinh tan cua AgBr trong dung dich NH
3
0,1M (T = 5,2 . 10
-13
)
S
AgBr
(cha cho NH
3
) = [Ag
+
]= |Br
-
|
S
AgBr
(cho NH
3
) = |Ag
+
| + |AgNH
3
+
| + |Ag(NH
3
)
2
+
|
Theo L bao toan KL:
|Br
-
| = |Ag
+
| + |AgNH
3
+
| + |Ag(NH
3
)
2
+
|
|NH
3
| = |AgNH
3
+
| + |Ag(NH
3
)
2
+
| + |NH
4
+
|
mi mt ion NH
4
+
se tao mt ion OH
-
: [OH
-
| ~ |NH
4
+
|
|NH
4
+
| + |Ag
+
| + |AgNH
3
+
| + |Ag(NH
3
)
2
+
| = |Br
-
| + |OH
-
|
Do K
3
rt nho nn: |NH
4
+
|, [OH
-
|, |Ag
+
| v |AgNH
3
+
| rt nho
31
3.4 nh hng ca s to phc
Tinh tan cua AgBr trong dung dich NH
3
0,1M (T = 5,2 . 10
-13
)
T K
2
: |NH
3
| ~ 0,10 - 2|Ag(NH
3
)
2
+
|
|NH
3
| = 0,10 - 2|Br
-
|
( ) | |
| | | |
= =
+
+
2 1 2
3
2 3
K K
NH Ag
NH Ag
7
2
10 . 38 , 1
) ] [ 2 1 , 0 (
] [
=

Br
Br
] [Ag
| |
( ) | | | | ( )
| |
| | ( )
6
2
2
7
2
10 . 2 , 7
2 1 , 0
10 . 38 , 1
2 1 , 0

=
Br
Br
Br
Br

Br / 10 . 5,2
13
|Br
-
| ~ |Ag(NH
3
)
2
+
|
32
3.4 nh hng ca s to phc
Tinh tan cua AgBr trong dung dich NH
3
0,1M (T = 5,2 . 10
-13
)
|Br
-
|
2
+ 2,88. 10
-6
|Br
-
| - (7,2 .10
-6
) = 0
|Br
-
| = 2,7.10
-4
= S
NH3
So vi tan trong nc nguyn cht, tan tng 375 ln
(2,7.10
-4
/ (5,2. 10
-13
)
1/2
= 375)
33
3.4 nh hng ca s to phc
3.4.2. Cht tao phc la ion cng tn, tan cua tua tng
AgCl tao phc vi ion clorid AgCl
2
-
, AgCl
3
2-
va AgCl
4
3-
Nng cac ion cng tn tng lam tng tan cua tua
Cac hydroxyd lng tinh nh Al(OH)
3
va Zn(OH)
2
, cac hydroxyd
nay tan trong lng tha ion OH-
1. ng cong thc nghim
2. ng cong tinh theo T
34
3.4 nh hng ca nhit n tan
i vi cht thu nhit khi hoa tan, nhit tng thi tan tng
i vi cht toa nhit khi hoa tan, nhit tng thi tan giam
35
4. NG DUNG TRONG PHN TCH
4.1. Hoa tan kt tua: + A
m
B
n
mA + nB
Cn giam nng cua A hoc B hoc ca hai ion cn bng
chuyn dich sang phai :
+ Dng phan ng tao cht it phn ly hoc cht bay hi.
+ Nu kt tua co T qua nho co th dng phan ng oxy hoa
kh lam giam nhiu nht nng ion A hoc B.
+ Chuyn dang tua kho tan thanh tua d tan (chuyn tua
CaSO
4
thanh CaCO
3
)
36
4. NG DUNG TRONG PHN TCH
4.1. Kt tua hoan toan: mA + nB A
m
B
n
+
Cn giam tan cua kt tua :
+ Cho thuc th d lam giam tan (lu y co s tao phc
vi ion cng tn khng ?)
+ Chon pH thich hp.
+ Tranh cac phan ng phu cua ion kt tua trong dung dich
(phan ng tao phc, phan ng oxy hoa.).
37
4. NG DUNG TRONG PHN TCH
4.1. Kt tua phn oan:
Dung dich co nhiu cht (nng gn bng nhau) cng tao
kt tua vi mt thuc th. Cht nao co T nho se kt tua
trc, cht co T ln hn se kt tua sau. o la hin tng kt
tua phn oan.
Vi du: tach ion I
-
khoi hn hp co ion Cl
-
va I
-
38
5. INH LNG BNG PHNG PHP KT TA
Cho phep inh lng cac anion nh Cl
-
, Br
-
, CN
-
, SCN
-
, SO
4
2-
,
CrO
4
2-
, PO
4
3-
v.v va ngc lai inh lng cac cation tao thanh
tua vi cac anion trn
Chu yu dng phng phap Ag xac inh ion halogenid va
Ag
+
, khng con dng phng phap Hg
+
v Hg
2+
39
5. INH LNG BNG PHNG PHP KT TA
5.1. Anh hng cua nng dung dich th va dung dich chun
[Ag
+
]
40
5. INH LNG BNG PHNG PHP KT TA
5.2. Anh hng cua tan cht kt tua
NaCl
NaBr
NaI
[Ag
+
]
41
5. INH LNG BNG PHNG PHP KT TA
5.3. Hin tng hp phu
Keo (colloid): la nhng tiu phn co kich thc khoang 10
-7
-
10
-4
cm, nm trung gian gia kich thc cua ion va kt tua.
Dung dich keo la trang thai trung gian gia dung dich tht va hn
dich.
42
5. INH LNG BNG PHNG PHP KT TA
5.3. Hin tng hp phu
S ng tu keo.
S pepti hoa
Dung dich keo cua AgX: tua AgX se hp phu u tin cac ion d
cua thuc th tao ra lp ion hp phu mang in tich (in tich
m trong trng hp d Cl
-
, hoc mang in tich dng trong
trng hp d ion Ag
+
). Do o kt tua AgX co th xay ra cng
kt vi cac hagenid, SCN
-
va cac ion khac.
43
5. INH LNG BNG PHNG PHP KT TA
5.4. Xac inh im kt thuc trong PHNG PHP BAC
Cht chi thi c dng trong phng phap bac cn khng i
mau cho n khi toan b ion th chuyn thanh kt tua.
Cht chi thi tao vi ion th mt kt tua mang mau, co tan
ln hn tan cht kt tua chinh
44
Phng php MOHR
AgNO
3
NaCl
K
2
CrO
4
Ag
+
+ Cl
-
AgCl+
2Ag
+
+ CrO
4
-
Ag
2
CrO
4
+
Ta o gch Ag
2
CrO
4
c tan ln hn
AgCl
S
AgCrO4
=7,9. 10
5
M,
S
AgCl
=1,3. 10
5
M
iu kin:
Sai s chun 0,1%: [CrO
4
2-
] = 0,35
1,1.10
-4
M
Thc t: [CrO
4
2-
] = 0,01 0,005 M
pH 6,510 (trong mi trng acid CrO
4
2-

Cr
2
O
-7
2-
to vi Ag
+
kt ta o tan trong acid,
trong kim mnh to ta oxyd v hydroxyd
bc
45
AgNO
3
NaCl
K
2
CrO
4
Ag
+
+ Cl
-
AgCl+
2Ag
+
+ CrO
4
-
Ag
2
CrO
4
+
Chi c dung xc nh cc Cl
-
v
Br
-
khng c dung xc nh I
-
v
SCN
-
v hin tng hp ph v to thnh
cc h keo.
Khng th chun dung dch c mu
v che mu ca ta Ag
2
CrO
4
Phng php MOHR
46
PHNG PHP Charpentier- Volhard (Fonha)
Chun ngc, dung chi th phen st
amoni Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
.(NH
4
)
2
SO
4
.24H
2
O
nh lng Br
-
, I
-
, SCN
-
Dung mt lng d dung dch chun
AgNO
3
mi trng HNO
3
kt ta hon
ton AgX. nh lng Ag
+
(d) bng dung
dch chun NH
4
SCN
NH
4
SCN
Br
-
, Cl
-
AgNO
3
(d)
Fe
3+
Ag
+
+ Br
-
AgBr+
Ag
+
(d) + SCN
-
AgSCN +
3(SCN)
-
+ Fe
3+
Fe(SCN)
3
47
PHNG PHP Charpentier- Volhard
NH
4
SCN
Br
-
, Cl
-
AgNO
3
(d)
Fe
3+
T
AgSCN
= 1,0.10
-12
T
AgCl
= 1,7.10
-10
Phn ng t ti cn bng khi
[SCN
-
] < [Cl
-
] 170 ln.
Ti T, mu hng xut hin ca
Fe(SCN)
3
nhanh chng mt i do
phn ng cnh tranh to ta.
Fe(SCN)
3
+ AgCl + Fe
3+
+ 3Cl
-
+
3AgSCN +
48
PHNG PHP Charpentier- Volhard
NH
4
SCN
Br
-
, Cl
-
AgNO
3
(d)
Fe
3+
[Fe
3+
] cn thit mu xut hin
ng T v sai s chun
khng qu 0,1% : [Fe
3+
] = 0,27 M.
Thc t: [Fe
3+
] > 0,2 M mu vng
ca n lm ta kh nhn s i mu
ca dung dch chun . V vy
ngi ta dung [Fe
3+
] ~ 0,01 M
49
PHNG PHP Charpentier- Volhard
NH
4
SCN
Br
-
, Cl
-
AgNO
3
(d)
Fe
3+
Mi trng acid mnh (dung HNO
3
m
c) trnh s thy phn ca Fe
3+
,
trnh to ta Ag
2
O v gim hin tng
hp ph.
Khng dng L Cl
-
v AgSCN it tan hn
AgCl (T
AgSCN
= 10
-12
, T
AgCl
= 1,7.10
-10
)
50
PHNG PHP Charpentier- Volhard
NH
4
SCN
Br
-
, Cl
-
AgNO
3
(d)
Fe
3+
Mun c mu o bn ca phc Fe(SCN)
3
Thm mt dung mi hu c vo hn
hp, AgCl ng vn li v khng tc
dng vi SCN
-
.
ng dung dch Cl
-
trong BM thm
mt lng tha AgNO
3
chinh xc, thm
HNO
3
m c, thm nc ct ti vch
chun. Loc dung dch v ly mt phn
dung dch nh lng bng SCN
-
51
PHNG PHP FAJANS
Da trn tinh cht: kt ta hp ph vo mt
s cht mu v lm cho cc cht mu ny
thay i mu.
Phng php L trc tip, c th nh
lng Cl
-
, Br
-
, hay I
-
bng dung dch AgNO
3
v
dung cht mu eosin hoc fluorescein lm
chi th
AgNO
3
KI
eosinat
52
PHNG PHP FAJANS
AgNO
3
KI
eosinat
O
COOH
HO O O
COOH
O O
Br Br
Br Br
AgI
I
-
I
-
I
-
I
-
I
-
I
-
I
-
I
-
I
-
I
-
Trc T:
HE H
+
+ E
-
mAgI + nI
-
[AgI]
m
nI
-
KHNG HP PH E
-
Sau T:
kt tua AgI hp phu cac ion
Ag
+
d hp phu manh cac
anion E
-
mang mau
Khng lam i mau
dd ma chi i mau trn
b mt ta keo mang
in tch dng
53
PHNG PHP FAJANS
AgNO
3
KI
eosinat
pH ca dung dch nh hng n chun
bi v chi th hp ph l cc acid yu:
- Fluorescein: 7 < pH < 10
- Diclorofluorescein: pH ~ 4
- Eosin: pH ~ 2
Anion in tich 1 hp ph trn b mt AgX
cn tr nhau theo th t thay th:
I
-
> CN
-
> SCN
-
>Br
-
> anion Eosinat > Cl
-
>
anion diclofluoresceinat > CH
3
COO
-
> anion
fluoresceinat >NO
3
-
, ClO
4
-
pH 7 anion s l chi th nu nh n ng
bn phi ca ion th trong day ny

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