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O LNG-CM BIN
DT2-K5
CM BIN O P SUT
NHM VI
1- L TH DUNG 2- VNG S HI 3- NGUYN TH HNG 4- NGUY N TH KIM HON 5- MAI XUN MINH 6- NGUYN TH M 7- V VN TUYN 8- NGUYN VN TUYN 9- NGUYN VN TRNG 10- V TH VNG
Ni dung
1.Khi nim v p sut 2.n v o p sut 3.Phn loi p sut,phng tin o p sut 4.Cc cch o p sut II.Cng tc p sut Cu to, c im,nguyn l hot ng III.Mt s loi cm bin p sut 1.Cm bin p sut mng sc co gin kim loi Cu to, nguyn l, phn loi, c im ng dng 2.Cm bin p in thch anh Hiu ng p in Nguyn l hot ng, c im, ng dng IV.ng dng thc t
trong thit k my mc c kh, cc dy chuyn sn xut s dng nng lng kh nn hay du thy lc.
Trc y ngi ta s dng cc loi cm bin bng c hc, hin
nay ngi ta s dng v pht trin cc loi cm bin o p sut c cht lng tt hn vi chnh xc cao hn v bn b hn cho cc cng vic kim sot v iu khin t xa cng vic t ng ha ton b h thng dy chuyn sn xut ca nh my.
tip qua mt h thng truyn ng c hc, cc loi cm bin o p sut bn dn u c mt phn t bn dn gn trn mng n hi bin i p sut thnh i lng in. Mt s loi cm bin p sut:
2.p sut
nh ngha: p sut l lc tc dng trn mt n v din tch. P=F/A (P l p sut; F: lc; A: din tch tip xc) 2. n v o: n v o p sut l Pascal (Pa) Pascal= Newton/m2 Trong thc t ngi ta thng dng bi s ca n v Pascal l bar . 1 bar = 105 N/m2 = 105 Pa. Ngoi ra 1atm 1 bar 1bar=14,504psi 1 atm = 14,696 psi
1.
* o p sut ngi ta s dng nguyn tc l cho p sut tc dng ln mt b mt xc nh nh th p sut s c bin thnh lc.
bar
4
p sut tng i
p sut tuyt i
2.Theo nguyn l hot ng: C 5 nhm chnh: - p k kiu l xo - p k pittong - p k kiu cht lng - p k theo nguyn l in - p k lin hp
vo s bin dng n hi ca phn t l xo di tc dng ca p sut. bin dng thng c phng i nh c cu truyn ng phng i v cng c th chuyn i thnh tn hiu truyn i xa + p k kiu pittng: Loi p k ny da vo nguyn l ti trng trc tip: p sut o c so snh vi p sut do trng lng ca pittng v qu cn to ra trn tit din ca pittng . + p k kiu cht lng: Loi p k da vo nguyn l hot ng thu tnh: p sut o c so snh vi sut ca ct cht lng c chiu cao tng ng. V d p k thu ngn, p k ch U, p chn khng, p k bnh hoc p k bnh vi ng nghing c gc nghing c nh hay thay i, + p k theo nguyn l in: Loi p k ny da vo s thay i tnh cht in ca cc vt liu di tc dng ca p sut. p k da vo s thay i in tr gi l p k in tr hay theo tn ca loi dy dn. V d p k in tr maganin. p k dng hiu ng p in gi l p k in. V d mui sec-nhc, tuamalin, thch anh + p k lin hp: p k lin hp ngi ta s dng kt hp cc nguyn l khc nhau. V d: mt p k va lm vic theo nguyn l c, va lm vic theo nguyn l in.
u c phn loi theo cp chnh xc. i vi p k l xo hay hin s, cp chnh xc c k hiu bng mt ch s thp phn tng ng vi ln ca gii hn sai s cho php biu th theo phn trm gi tr o ln nht, v d: p k l xo cp chnh xc 2,5, phm vi o 100 bar th sai s cho php l 2,5 bar i vi p k pittng hoc cht lng th sai s ny c tnh theo phn trm gi tr ti im o. V d: p k pttng 3DP 50, c phm vi o (1-50) bar, cp chnh xc 0,1, sai s cho php ln nht ti im o 15 bar s l 0,015 bar v ti 50 bar l 0,05 bar. Cp chnh xc ca cc phng tin o p sut c qui nh theo hai dy cp chnh xc sau: 0,0005; 0,005; 0,02; 0,05; 0,1; 0,16; 0,20; 0,25; 0,4; 0,5; 1; 1,6; 2,5; 4; 6; v 0,0005; 0,01; 0,02; 0,05; 0,1; 0,2; 0,6; 1; 1,6; 2; 2,5; 4; 6.
o p sut tnh:
-o trc tip cht lu thng qua 1 l c khoan trn thnh bnh -- o gin tip thng qua o bin dng ca thnh bnh di tc ng ca p sut
o p sut ng:
-Da theo nguyn tc chung l o hiu p sut tng v p sut tnh -C th o bng cch t p sut tng ln mng trc, t p sut tnh ln mng sau ca mng o.
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o p sut tnh:
p sut tnh tng ng vi p sut gy nn khi cht lng
khng chuyn ng - o p sut cht lu ly qua mt l c khoan trn thnh bnh nh cm bin thch hp. - o trc tip bin dng ca thnh bnh do p sut gy nn.
o p sut ng:
p sut ng do cht lu chuyn ng gy nn v c gi
trc v p sut tnh ln mt sau ca mt mng o (hnh), nh vy tn hiu do cm bin cung cp chnh l chnh lch gia p sut tng v p sut tnh.
IV.Cng tc p sut
4.1.Cu to
u cp kh vo Trc pittong Vt chnh cng l xo
pitto ng
L xo y
Cng tc
tc tc ng. Khi cp kh vo u vo cp kh, nu p sut kh nh hn sc cng ca l xo th l xo s khng b nn lc pittong s khng b y, cng tc hnh trnh khng b tc ng. Nu p sut kh ln hn sc cng ca l xo th l xo s b p li , pittong b y li v pha sau lm cho cng tc hnh trnh tc ng. thay i gi tr p sut kh cn tc ng ta dng vt chnh cng ca l xo. Trong thc t ngi ta hay dng cng tc p sut ny trong cc my nn kh cng sut b, n dng ct ngun my nn kh khi p sut theo yu cu.
a. Cu to
Vt liu lm mng sc co gin c th l kim loi (trong thc
t l hp kim Cu-Ni) hay vt liu bn dn-thng l silic. Di tc dng ca p sut mng sc co gin b bin dng. S thay i in tr ca n gm hai thnh phn: hnh hc v tnh cht vt liu.
Cm bin p sut vi mng sc kim loi phn ln da vo s
trn mt n bng cht do. Ngi ta thc hin bng phng php in la hoc quang khc. V s thay i chiu di thc t rt b, cho nn ng dn in ny c ch to thnh hnh un khc c chiu di kh ln trn mt din tch b, t ta c s thay i in tr ng k.
ngh phun bi, vi phng php ny mng sc s cc mng do nhy ca mng cao v t b nh hng ca nhit . Mng sc co gin mng dy c ch to trn nn gm vi k thut in la, loi mng dy c nhy khng cao v chu nhiu nh hng ca nhiu, do trong thc t loi mng y t c s dng.
ng p in nghch
p in thun
p in nghch
Nguyn l:
Cm bin p sut p in thch anh(SiO2) lm vic da trn hiu ng p in ca vt liu thch anh Di tc dng ca lc c hc, tm p in b bin dng, lm xut hin trn hai bn cc cc in tch tri du. Hiu in th
Vi hiu ng chiu di s lng in tch pht sinh khng ph thuc vo kch thc hnh hc ca tinh th m ch ph thuc vo lc. Nh th tng s lng in tch, ngi ta t nhiu phin mng tinh th thch anh ni tip nhau
Hiu ng ngang
hnh hc.
Cm bin p in thch anh ngy nay hu ht l da vo hiu ng ngang
c im v ng dng. Ta c th coi tinh th thch anh nh mt t in, nh chng ta bit sau khi np in th t in phng in dn theo thi gian, thi gian phng in nhanh hay chm ph thuc vo in tr phng in. i vi tinh th thch anh in tr phng in l in tr cch
Trong thc t ngi ta cho php cm bin psut tinh th thch anh lm vic ti nhit 2400C. V nu ta cho cm bin lm vic nhit cao th tinh th thch anh s b mt i hiu ng p in. Di p sut tnh tinh th thch anh khng xy ra hiu ng p in. Do o c p sut cn phi bin p sut thnh lc
gi