TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP H NI KHOA IN T

BI TP LN
O LNG CM BIN Ti : Cm Bin Nhit
GVHD : Bi Thu H

Lp

: in T 1_K3

CM BIN O NHIT
NI DUNG

Khi nim o nhit

Thang o nhit

Cc phng php o

KHI NIM O NHIT

Nhit l i lng vt l khng th o trc tip c, nhng c th xc nh c thng qua s thay i ca cc i lng ph thuc.

L i lng c quan tm nhiu nht v c vai tr quyt nh tnh cht ca nhiu cht. Do trong khoa hc, cng nghip sng hng ngy vic o lng v khng ch nhit l mt iu cn thit.

THANG O NHIT

THANG O

Celsius

Fahrenheit

Kelvin

Rankine

THANG O NHIT
Fahrenheit

[F] = [C] 9/5 + 32

Celsius

[C] = ([F] - 32) 5/9

Kelvin [K] = [C] + 273.15

Rankine
[R] = [F] + 459.67
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CC PHNG PHP O NHIT

O NHIT BNG NHIT IN TR KIM LOI O NHIT BNG IC O NHIT O NHIT BNG NTC, PTC O NHIT BNG CP NHIT IN O NHIT BNG HA K BC X
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NHIT IN TR KIM LOI

1. Cu to cm bin

2. Nguyn l hot ng

3. Phn loi

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NHIT IN TR KIM LOI

CU TO

Cu to ca RTD gm c dy kim loi lm t: ng, Nikel, Platinum,c qun ty theo hnh dng ca u o. Khi nhit thay i in tr gia hai u dy kim loi ny s thay i, v ty cht liu kim loi s c tuyn tnh trong mt khong nhit nht nh.Ph bin nht ca RTD l loi cm bin Pt, c lm t Platinum. in tr cng cao th nhy nhit cng cao.

NHIT IN TR KIM LOI

NGUYN L HOT NG

Cm bin nhit in tr da trn nguyn l in tr kim loi thay i (tng hay gim) khi nhit thay i (tng hay gim).

NGUYN L HOT NG

NHIT IN TR KIM LOI

Da vo nguyn l ca s thay i in tr, ngi ta chng minh c rng in tr RTD thay i ph thuc vo nhit theo phng trnh sau: Rt = Ro(1 + aT + bT*T) Rt: in tr ti T C Ro: in tr ti 0 C a,b: cc s xc nh c theo thc nghim Nu nhit trong khong ngn nht nh, cng thc trn c th c n gin thnh: Rt = Ro(1 + aT)

NHIT IN TR KIM LOI

nh hng ca s t t nng :

PD R I T T

: h s tiu tn cng sut [mW/ C] PD : cng sut tiu tn [mW] nhy [/ C]:

S R0

NHIT IN TR KIM LOI

PHN LOI NHIT IN TR KIM LOI Nhit in tr kim loi thng c dng dy hoc mng mng kim loi c in tr sut thay i nhiu theo nhit . Thng c lm bng platin,niken, i khi s dng ng v vonfram

NHIT IN TR KIM LOI

NHIT IN TR KIM LOI

RTD thng c loi 2 dy, 3 dy v 4 dy. s dng RTD lm dng c o nhit ngi ta thng dng mt mch cu Wheatstone kt ni vi RTD. Mt s cch kt ni nh sau:

NHIT IN TR KIM LOI

- u im: Bn, o nhit cao.

- Khuyt im: Nhiu yu t nh hng lm sai s. nhy khng cao. - Thng dng: L nhit, mi trng kht nghit, o nhit nht my nn,
- Tm o: -100 D.C <1400 D.C

Hnh nh mt s RTD

IC CM BIN NHIT
LM 35 LM 335
LM75

AD 22100

TC 74

DS 18B20

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IC CM BIN NHIT
CU TO CM BIN NHIT BN DN

Hu ht cc cm bin IC s dng tnh cht c bn ca cc lp tip xc PN l hm ca nhit

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IC CM BIN NHIT

rng vng trng

IC CM BIN NHIT
HM PH THUC IN TR VO NHT

R0 l hng s, Eg l rng vng cm kB l hng s Boltzmann l 1 i lng chuyn i c bn gia nhit v nng lng
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CM BIN NHIT LM35

IC LM35 c in p ra t l trc tip ti nhit thang o C, in p ng ra l 10mv/ C v sai OUT 10 mV/C s khng tuyn tnh l 1.8 mV cho ton thang o. in p ngun nui thay i t 4-30 VDC
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4-30 VDC

IC

GND

CM BIN NHIT LM35

Tr khng ca b cm bin nhit theo nhit
Nhit (0C)
0 25 50 75 100

Tr khng ca cm bin (k)

29.490 10.000 3.893 1.700 0.817
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CM BIN NHIT LM35

IC CM BIN NHIT H LM35
M SP DI T C CHNH XC U RA

LM35A LM35 LM35CA LM35C LM35D

-55

-55 -40 -40 0

150 C +1.0 C 150 C +1.5 C 110 C +1.0 C 110 C +1.5 C 100 C +2.0 C

10 mV/F 10 mV/F 10 mV/F 10 mV/F 10 mV/F

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CM BIN NHIT LM35

MCH KT NI CM BIN
VCC

LM35

ADC

VI X L

HIN TH

GND

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CM BIN NHIT AD22100

CHUN 8 PIN

CHUN TO-92

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CM BIN NHIT AD22100

AD22100 c h s nhit 22,5 mV/ C .in p ng ra c cng thc

Vout=(V+/5v)*(1.375v + 22.5mV/ C *T)

V : L in p cp T : nhit cn o
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CM BIN NHIT AD22100

CC LOI CM BIN H AD2210

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CM BIN NHIT AD22100

MCH KT NI CM BIN

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CM BIN NHIT LM75

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CM BIN NHIT LM75

LM75

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IC CM BIN NHIT
KT LUN

R tin, d ch to, nhy cao,chng nhiu tt, mch x l n gin

Khng chu c nhit cao, km bn

o nhit khng kh, dng trong cc thit b o, bo v mch in t

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O NHIT BNG THERMISTOR

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O NHIT BNG THERMISTOR

CU TO:
Thermistor c cu to t hn hp cc bt ocid. Cc bt ny c ha trn theo t l v khi lng nht nh sau c nn cht v nung nhit cao. V mc dn in ca hn hp ny s thay i khi nhit thay i.

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O NHIT BNG THERMISTOR

THERMISTOR

NTC

PTC

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O NHIT BNG THERMISTOR

M hnh n gin biu din mi quan h gia nhit v in tr:

T= k * R
K>0: Thermistor c h s nhit dng PTC K<0: Thermistor c h s nhit m NTC
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O NHIT BNG NTC,PTC

DY CM BIN NHIT NTC

DY CM BIN NHIT PTC

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O NHIT BNG NTC,PTC

Thermistor

in p Dng in

Dng in Thi Gian

in Tr Nhit

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O NHIT BNG NTC,PTC

CH IN P DNG IN

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O NHIT BNG NTC,PTC

CH DNG IN- THI GIAN

c trng dng in thi gian ca thermistor ph thuc vo hng s tiu tn nhit ca v v nhit dung ca phn t.Khi cp dng in vo thermistor v bt u t t nng.Nu dng lin tc th in tr thermistor bt u gim.c trng ny c s dng lm chm cc nh hng ca cc gai p cao

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O NHIT BNG NTC,PTC

CH IN TR NHIT

ch in tr - dng in, thermistor hot ng iu kin cng sut zero, ngha l khng xy hin tng t t nng

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O NHIT BNG NTC,PTC

HM PH THUC IN TR VO NHT

T : nhit thermistor (K) R : in tr thermistor () ti T R0 : in tr thermistor () ti T0 B : hng s ph thuc vt liu thermistor (thng k hiu BT1/T2 , v d B25/85 = 3540K )
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O NHIT BNG NTC,PTC

TUYN TNH HA C TRNG CA THERMISTOR

S dng in tr mc song song

( hoc ni tip )
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O NHIT BNG NTC,PTC

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O NHIT BNG NTC,PTC

KT LUN
+ Cc thit b gia nh + Trong xe hi + Trong cng nghip + Vin thng
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+Nhy vi
thang o nh + chnh xc cao + n nh, tin cy

+Tm hot
ng gii hn + Quan h RT phi tuyn

CP NHIT IN

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Hiu ng nhit in

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CP NHIT IN

Th nghim 1

9980 C ( )

200 C ( )

CP NHIT IN
Thanh ng

998 C ( )

200 C ( )

NiAl
9980 C ( )
200 C ( )

NiCr =>cp nhit in l 2 on dy kim loi khc nhau v bn cht c dnh 2 u

CC VN KHI DNG CP NHIT

CC CP NHIT IN THC T

Thnh phn

Kiu

t 0max
dng lin tc

t 0 max
dng ngn hn
13500 C 3710 C 12000 C 10000 C 17720 C 13000 C 18100 C

Mu dy theo tiu Mu dy theo tiu chun M chun Nht Dy+ Vng Xanh dt Dy Dy+ dyXanh dt Nu

NiCr-Ni Cu-CuNi

K T

12600 C 3000 C 7600 C 871 C 14000 C 12000 C 15000 C

0

Fe-CuNi
NiCr-CuNi PtRh10%-Pt 13% NICsSi-NiSi PtRh30%PtRh6%

J
E S N B

Trng
Tm en Cam Xm

Vng
Tm en

Quan h gia in p u ra vi nhit

in p mV
80 E J K

60

40

20

S B 0 20 0 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 Nhit 0 C 1600

La chn cp nhit in

NG DNG CA CP NHIT IN
Nhit k in

PIN NHIT IN

Pht sng in t Truyn nhit (nng lng) di dng sng in t ph thuc vo nhit v bn cht vt

 Hp th hon ton nng lng ca mi bc x cc bc sng khc nhau Nng sut pht x ln hn vt en khng hon ton cng nhit v bc sng

i vi vt en tuyt i nhit o c l nhit thc i vi vt khng en nhit o c l nhit chi

Cm Bin Quang Hc o nhit khng tip xc Da vo s bc x ca vt

Ha k bc x ton phn

Ha k quang hc

 mch in t v quang hc

o nng lng bc x

Dng trong mi trng khc nghit, khng cn tip xc

chnh xc khng cao, t tin

G k

A
B

E: Nng lng bc x ton phn :hng s stefan ~ 5.6687*10-8 T:Nhit tuyt i ca vt en

 Lm vic 100-150 C Qun tnh nhit nh v n nh sau 3-5s Kch thc nh

 Vt o c en ~ 1 t l D/L > 1/16 Nhit mi trng 20C

Tdo=Tdoc + T

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