CHUYN : PHN NG VI AgNO3/NH3

Gio vin: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188)

CHUYN : PHN NG VI AgNO3/NH3

1. iu kin cc cht hu c tc dng vi AgNO3/NH3.
- Da vo c im sn phm ca phn ng, ta chia cht hu c tc dng vi AgNO3/NH3 thnh 2 nhm:
nhm to kt ta mu vng v nhm to kt ta Ag.
a. Cc cht hu c tc dng vi AgNO3/NH3 to kt ta mu vng ( phn ng th nguyn t H bng
ion bc)
- k: cc cht hu c c lin kt ba u mch -CCH.
- thng gp: ank-1-in, vinyl axetilen
b. Cc cht hu c tc dng vi AgNO3/NH3 to kt ta Ag ( phn ng trng bc)
- k: cc hp cht hu c c cha nhm CHO
- thng gp: + andehit
+ HCOOH: axit fomic
+ este ca axit fomic; mui ca axit fomic
+ hp cht tp chc nh: glucoz, frucotuz, mantoz
2. Phn ng th nguyn t H bng ion bc v bi ton.
a. Phn ng tng qut.
- C 2 cch vit phng trnh phn ng nh sau:
Cch 1: R(CCH)a + aAgNO3 + aNH3 R(CCAg)a + aNH4NO3 (1)
V d: CH3-CCH + AgNO3 + NH3 CH3 - CCAg + NH4NO3
HCC-CCH + 2AgNO3 + 2NH3 AgCC-CCAg + 2NH4NO3
c bit: HCCH + 2AgNO3 + 2NH3 AgCCAg + 2NH4NO3
Cch 2: CxHy + aAgNO3 + aNH3 CxHy-aAga + aNH4NO3 (2)
V d: C3H4 + AgNO3 + NH3 C3H3Ag + NH4NO3
propin
C2H2 + 2AgNO3 + 2NH3 C2Ag2 + 2NH4NO3
- Phn ng ny c dng nhn bit ( hoc tch) ankin c lin kt 3 u mch vi cc hidrocacbon
khc khng c lin kt ba u mch.
b. Mt s lu khi gii ton.
- Hay gp: axetilen C2H2, propin C3H4, vinyl axetilen C4H4.
- Thng thng cc hp cht hu c c bao nhiu lin kt ba u mch c by nhiu n.t H lin kt ba
u mch, nn phn ng xy ra theo t l lk ba u mch : AgNO3 = 1 : 1. Nhng c bit: C2H2 ch c 1
lin kt ba, nhng c 2 n.t H lin kt ba u mch nn C2H2 phn ng vi AgNO3/NH3 theo t l 1 : 2.
- X l hp cht hu c c lin kt ba u mch -CCH, t phn ng suy ra:
nAgNO3
= (s n.t H lin kt ba u mch)
nX
Cng thc trn xc nh nhanh s n.t lin kt ba u mch, t => s lin kt ba u mch. C 2
trng hp:
+ C2H2 th c 2 n.t H lin kt ba u mch nhng ch c 1 lin kt ba
+ cc cht khc c x n.t H lin kt ba u mch th c x lin kt ba u mch.
Do vy: khi xt bi ton hp cht hu c X phn ng vi AgNO3/NH3 thu c kt ta mu vng => Bi
ton c 2 trng hp:
+ TH1: X khng c C2H2
+ TH2: X c C2H2
V d: 0,1 mol cht hu c X tc dng va vi 0,1 mol AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c kt ta mu vng
th ta d dng => A c 1 n.t H u mch => A c cha 1lin kt ba u mch ( 1 -CCH)
- Cht hu c X c a n.t H lin kt ba u mch, khi phn ng vi AgNO3/NH3 to kt ta th kt ta
c phn t khi ln hn X l 107a (vC)
c. Bi ton luyn tp
Vn 1: Tm cng thc ca ankin.
Bi 1. Cho 10 gam ankin X tc dng hon ton vi AgNO3/NH3 th thu c 36,75 gam kt ta. Cng
thc phn t ca X l:
HA 12 ( Mc : kh)

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CHUYN : PHN NG VI AgNO3/NH3

A. C2H2

B. C3H4

Gio vin: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188)

C. C4H6

D. C5H8

Gii:
- Bi ton c 2 trng hp
* TH1: ankin khng phi l C2H2
- t cng thc ca ankin l CnH2n-2
36, 75 10
= 0, 25mol
- s mol ankin phn ng =
107.1
10
= 40 14n 2 = 40 => n = 3
vy MX =
0, 25
=> CT ca X l C3H4
* TH2: ankin l C2H2 kt ta: C2Ag2
10
.240 = 92,31 mkt ta bi cho = 36,75 ( loi)
=> mkt ta =
26
Bi 2. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hidrocacbon X thu c CO2 v H2O c mCO2 < 35,2g v nCO2 = 2nH2O .
Cho X tc dng vi AgNO3/NH3 d thu c kt ta Y ( MY MX = 214). S cng thc cu to ca X l:
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Gii:
- t cng thc hidrocacbon X l CxHy
0,8
35, 2
=8
= 0,8mol => x <
- ta c: nCO2 <
0,1
44
y
- theo : nCO2 = 2nH2O x = 2. => x = y ( y chn) => x = y = 2; 4; 6.
2
- gi a l s n.t H lin kt ba u mch: 107a = 214 => a = 2
+ vi X l C2H2 tha mn
2.4 + 2 4
= 3 ( loi v khng th c 2 lin kt ba)
+ vi X l C4H4 => s lin kt =
2
2.6 + 2 6
= 4 ( tha mn).
+ vi X l C6H6 => s lin kt =
2
CTCT:
HCC-CH2-CH2-CCH
HCC-CH(CH3)-CCH
=> s CTCT tha mn l 3
=> A. C
Bi 3. Hn hp G gm propin v ng ng X trn theo t l mol 1 : 1. phn ng ht 0,672 lt G
( ktc) cn 45ml dung dch AgNO3 1M trong NH3. Cng thc ca A l:
A. C2H2
B. C4H6
C. C5H8
D. C6H10
Gii:
1 0, 672
- ta c: nC3H4 = nX = x
=0,015 mol; nAgNO3 = 0,045 mol
2 22, 4.
Cch 1:
- t cng thc ca X: Cn H 2 n 2
nAgNO3 0, 045
=
1 => X l C2H2
ta c:
nG
0, 03
Cch 2:
- phn ng: C3H4 + AgNO3 + NH3 C3H3Ag + NH4NO3
0,015 0,015
0,015 ( mol)
- s mol AgNO3 cn = 0,045 0,015 = 0,03 mol
nAgNO3
0, 03
=
= 2 => X l C2H2
- xt:
nX
0, 015
Vn 2: Bi ton hn hp cha ank-1-in tc dng vi AgNO3/NH3.
HA 12 ( Mc : kh)
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CHUYN : PHN NG VI AgNO3/NH3

Gio vin: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188)

Bi 1. Cho 6,72 lt hn hp X gm propan, etilen v axetilen i qua dung dch brom d. Sau phn ng
hon ton thu c 1,68 lt bay ra.Cng ly 6,72 lt cho i qua dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d th thu c
24,0 g kt ta.Cc th tch kh o ktc.Thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca axetilen l:
A. 35,11%
B. 27,66%
C. 37,23%
D. 33,33%
Gii:
- Gi x, y, z ln lt l s mol C3H8, C2H4, C2H2.
- Theo v phn ng ta c h:
6, 72
nX = x + y + z =
22, 4
1, 68
nC3H8 = x =
22, 4
24
nC2Ag2 = z =
240
- gii h phng trnh ta c x = 0,075; y = 0,125; z = 0,1
26*0,1
*100% = 27, 66%
Vy %mC2H2 =
44*0, 075 + 28*0,125 + 26*0,1
=> A. B
Bi 2.35-B09-148: Cho hn hp X gm CH4, C2H4 v C2H2. Ly 8,6 gam X tc dng ht vi dung dch
brom (d) th khi lng brom phn ng l 48 gam. Mt khc, nu cho 13,44 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh X
tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 36 gam kt ta. Phn trm th tch ca CH4
c trong X l
A. 20%.
B. 50%.
C. 25%.
D. 40%.
Gii:
- bi ton chia 2 phn khng bng nhau => t s mol cho 1 phn, phn cn li gp k ln s mol phn
t.
- t x, y, z ln lt l s mol CH4, C2H4, C2H2 c trong 8,6 gam hn hp X => s mol ca CH4, C2H4,
C2H2 trong 13,44 lt hn hp X ln lt l kx, ky, kz
- Theo ta c h phng trnh:
mhh X = 16x + 28y + 26z = 8,6
48
nBr2 p = y.1 + z. 2 =
160
13, 44
n hh X = kx + ky + kz =
22, 4
36
nkt ta = kz =
240
- gii h trn ta c x = 0,2 ; y =0,1; z = 0,1
0, 2
.100% = 50%
- Vy %VCH4 =
0, 4
=> A. B
Vn 3: Tm cng thc cu to ca cht hu c
Bi 1.34-A11-318: t chy hon ton hn hp X gm C2H2, C3H4 v C4H4 (s mol mi cht bng nhau)
thu c 0,09 mol CO2. Nu ly cng mt lng hn hp X nh trn tc dng vi mt lng d dung
dch AgNO3 trong NH3, th khi lng kt ta thu c ln hn 4 gam. Cng thc cu to ca C3H4 v
C4H4 trong X ln lt l:
A. CHC-CH3, CH2=C=C=CH2.
B. CH2=C=CH2, CH2=CH-CCH.
C. CHC-CH3, CH2=CH-CCH.
D. CH2=C=CH2, CH2=C=C=CH2.
Gii:
- Gi x l s mol mi cht trong hn hp X
- theo ta c: nCO2 = 2x + 3x + 4x = 0,09 => x = 0,01 mol
HA 12 ( Mc : kh)

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CHUYN : PHN NG VI AgNO3/NH3

Gio vin: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188)

- kt ta: C2Ag2: 0,01 mol => mC2Ag2 = 0,01. 240 = 2,4 gam < 4 gam => cn kt ta khc
+ gi s kt ta l C3H3Ag: 0,1 mol => mC3H3Ag = 0,01 . 147 = 1,47
tng kt ta khi l: 2,4 + 1,47 = 3,87 < 4 => cn kt ta khc.
=> CTCT ca C4H4 l CH2=CH-CCH.
Bi 2.11-A11-318: Cho 13,8 gam cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C7H8 tc dng vi mt lng
d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 45,9 gam kt ta. X c bao nhiu ng phn cu to tha mn
tnh cht trn?
A. 2.
B. 5.
C. 4.
D. 6.
Gii:
13,8
= 0,15mol
- ta c: nX =
92
- gi x l s lin kt ba u mch
C7H8 + xAgNO3 + xNH3 C7H8-xAgx + xNH4NO3
0,15
0,15 ( mol)
- theo v pt ta c: mkt ta = (92 + 107x).0,15 = 45,9 => x = 2
Vy cng thc cu to ca X:
HCC-CH2-CH(CH3)-CCH (2)
HCC-C(CH3)2-CCH (3)
HCC-CH2-CH2-CH2-CCH (1)
HCC-CH(C2H5)-CCH (4)
=> c 4 ng phn cu to tha mn
=> A. C
d. Bi tp t luyn.
Vn 1: Tm cng thc ca ankin.
1. t chy hon ton hirocacbon A thu c CO2 v H2O hi c t l th tch l 5 : 2 (o cng iu
kin). Bit MA < 100 v 6,4g A tc dng ht vi AgNO3/NH3 c 27,8g kt ta. CTCT ca A l:
A. CH2=C=CH-CCH
B. CHC-CH2-CCH
C. CH3-CC-CH2-CCH
D. CH2=CH-CCH
2.A l mt hirocacbon mch h. t chy A thu c s mol CO 2 gp i s mol nc. Mt khc 0,05
mol A phn ng va ht vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 thu c 7,95g kt ta. CTCT ca A l:
A. CHCH
B. CHC-CH=CH2
C. CHC-CH2-CH3
D. CHC-CH2-CH2-CH3
3.Hn hp X gm propin v mt ankin A c t l mol 1:1. Ly 0,3 mol X tc dng vi dung dch
AgNO3/NH3 d thu c 46,2 gam kt ta. Tn gi ca A l:
A. But-1-in.
B. But-2-in.
C. Axetilen.
D. Pent-1-in.
4. Mt hn hp gm C2H2 v ng ng A ca axetilen c t l mol 1:1. Chia hn hp ny thnh 2 phn
bng nhau:
- Phn 1: tc dng va vi 8,96 lt H2 to hidrocacbon no
- phn 2: tc dng vi 300ml dung dch AgNO3 1M trong NH3 to ra 40,1g kt ta.
Cng thc cu to ca A l:
A. CH3-CCH
B. CH3-CC-CH3
C. CH3-CH2-CCH D. CH3-(CH2)2-CCH
5. t chy hon ton hidrocacbon A mch h c mol CO2 = mol H2O. Ngoi ra 0,1 mol A tc dng
vi dung dch AgNO3 d trong NH3 to 15,9 gam kt ta. Tn gi ca A l:
A. axetilen
B. propin
C. vinyl axetilen
D. buta-1,3-iin
Vn 2: Bi ton hn hp cha ank-1-in tc dng vi AgNO3/NH3.
1*. Cho 17,92 lt hn hp X gm 3 hirocacbon kh l ankan, anken v ankin ly theo t l mol 1:1:2 li
qua bnh ng dd AgNO3/NH3 ly d thu c 96 gam kt ta v hn hp kh Y cn li. t chy hon
ton hn hp Y thu c 13,44 lt CO2. Bit th tch o ktc. Khi lng ca X l
A. 19,2 gam.
B. 1,92 gam.
C. 3,84 gam.
D. 38,4 gam.
2. Dn 4,032 lt (ktc) hn hp kh A gm C2H2, C2H4, CH4 ln lt qua bnh 1 cha dung dc AgNO3
trong NH3 ri qua bnh 2 cha dung dch Br2 d trong CCl4. bnh 1 c 7,2 gam kt ta. Khi lng bnh
2 tng thm 1,68 gam. Th tch (ktc) hn hp A ln lt l:
A. 0,672 lt; 1,344 lt; 2,016 lt.
B. 0,672 lt; 0,672 lt; 2,688 lt.
C. 2,016; 0,896 lt; 1,12 lt.
D. 1,344 lt; 2,016 lt; 0,672 lt.
HA 12 ( Mc : kh)

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CHUYN : PHN NG VI AgNO3/NH3

Gio vin: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188)

Vn 3: Tm cng thc cu to ca cht hu c

1.A l mt hirocacbon mch h khng phn nhnh c CTPT l C6H6. Mt mol A tc dng vi dung dch
AgNO3/NH3 d thy to ra 292g kt ta. Tn ca A l:
A. Benzen
B. Hexa-1,3-diin
C. Hexa-1,4-diin
D. Hexa-1,5-diin
2. t chy mt hirocacbon M thu c s mol nc bng s mol CO 2 v s mol CO2 nh hn hoc
bng 5 ln s mol M. Xc nh CTPT v CTCT ca M bit rng M cho kt ta vi dung dch
AgNO3/NH3.
A. C4H6 v CH3CH2C CH.
B. C4H6 v CH2=C=CHCH3.
C. C3H4 v CH3C CH.
D. C4H6 v CH3C CCH3.
3. Cht hu c A c cng thc phn t C7H8. Cho A tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d thu c kt
ta B. MB MA = 214. A c bao nhiu ng phn cu to tha mn tnh cht trn?
A. 2.
B. 5.
C. 4.
D. 6.
4. S ng phn cu to ng vi cng thc phn t C5H8 tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 to
kt ta l:
A. 3
B.2
C. 4
D.1
5. S ng phn cu to ng vi cng thc phn t C6H10 tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 to
kt ta l:
A. 3
B.4
C. 5
D.6
3. Phn ng trng bc v bi ton
a. Phn ng tng qut.
R-(CHO)a + 2aAgNO3 + 3aNH3 + aH2O R-(COONH4)a + 2aAg + 2aNH4NO3
V d: CH3CHO + 2AgNO3 + 3NH3 + H2O CH3-COONH4 + 2Ag + 2NH4NO3
c bit:
HCHO + 4AgNO3 + 6NH3 + 2H2O (NH4)2CO3 + 4Ag + 4NH4NO3
HCOOH + 2AgNO3 + 4NH3 + H2O (NH4)2CO3 + 2Ag + 2NH4NO3
HCOONH4 + 2AgNO3 + 3NH3 + H2O (NH4)2CO3 + 2Ag + 2NH4NO3
b. Mt s lu khi gii ton.
- X l hp cht hu c cha nhm CHO, t phn ng suy ra:
nAg
= 2. (s nhm CHO trong X)
nX
Cng thc trn dng xc nh nhanh s nhm CHO c trong hp cht hu c.
V d: Cho 0,15 mol A ( cha C, H, O) phn ng ht vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3, thu c 32,4 gam kt
ta Ag th ta d dng => A c cha 1 nhm CHO.
- Thng thng nhm CHO phn ng vi AgNO3/NH3 sinh ra Ag theo t l 1 : 2. Nhng c bit:
HCHO tc dng vi AgNO3/NH3 sinh Ag theo t l 1: 4. Do khi xt bi ton phn ng trng bc th xt
bi ton c 2 trng hp:
+ TH1: cht hu c khng c HCHO
+ TH2: Cht hu c c HCHO.
nAg
= 4 => X l R(CHO)2 hoc HCHO
- Nu
nandehitX
nAg
< 4 => Trong Y cha HCHO
- Nu 2 <
nhhYdonchuc
c. Bi tp vn dng.
Vn 1: Xc nh cng thc ca andehit.
Bi 1.1-A07-748: Cho 6,6 gam mt anehit X n chc, mch h phn ng vi lng d AgNO3 (hoc
Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3, un nng. Lng Ag sinh ra cho phn ng ht vi axit HNO3 long, thot ra
2,24 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, o ktc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. CH3CHO.
B. CH2 = CHCHO.
C. HCHO.
D. CH3CH2CHO.
Gii:

HA 12 ( Mc : kh)

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CHUYN : PHN NG VI AgNO3/NH3

Gio vin: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188)

- p dng lbt e cho phn ng Ag tc dng vi HNO3: nAg =

nNO .3
= 0,3 mol
1

- Bi ton c 2 trng hp:

+ Trng hp 1: andehit l RCHO ( vi R H)
Ta c:
RCHO + 2AgNO3 + 3NH3 + H2O RCOONH4 + 2Ag + 2NH4NO3
0,15
0,3 (mol)
6, 6
= 44 ( CH3CHO)
Phn t khi ca andehit: MRCHO =
0,15
=> A. A
+ Trng hp 2: andehit l HCHO
Ta c: HCHO + 4AgNO3 + 6NH3 + 2H2O (NH4)2CO3 + 4Ag + 4NH4NO3
6,6
0,88 ( mol)
30 = 0, 22
D thy nAg = 0,88 nAg cho = 0,3 mol => loi
Bi 2.35-A07: Cho 0,1 mol anehit X tc dng vi lng d AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3, un nng
thu c 43,2 gam Ag. Hiro ho X thu c Y, bit 0,1 mol Y phn ng va vi 4,6 gam Na. Cng
thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. CH3CHO.
B. HCHO.
C. CH3CH(OH)CHO.
D. OHC-CHO.
Gii:
43, 2
n
Ag
- ta xt t l:
= 108 = 4 = 2.2 => C 2 cha CHO hoc HCHO
nX
0,1
* TH1: C 2 cha CHO => t cng thc andehit X l: R(CHO)2
Ni ,t o
R(CHO)2 + 2H2
R(CH2OH)2
R(CH2OH)2 + 2Na R(CH2ONa)2 + H2
0,1
0,2 ( mol)
=> mNa p = 0,2. 23 = 4,6 = mNa cho ( tha mn)
=> Da vo p n thy A. D
* TH2: l HCHO
Phn ng:
HCHO + H2 CH3OH
CH3OH + Na CH3ONa + H2
0,1
0,1 ( mol)
=> mNa p = 0,1. 23 = 2,3 gam mNa cho = 4,6 gam.
Bi 3. Cu 2-CD9-956: Cho 0,1 mol hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau
trong dy ng ng tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, un nng thu c 32,4
gam Ag. Hai anehit trong X l
A. HCHO v C2H5CHO.
B. CH3CHO v C2H5CHO.
C. HCHO v CH3CHO.
D. C2H3CHO v C3H5CHO.
Bi 4.Cu 41-CD11-259: Hn hp G gm hai anehit X v Y, trong MX < MY < 1,6MX. t chy hn
hp G thu c CO2 v H2O c s mol bng nhau. Cho 0,10 mol hn hp G vo dung dch AgNO3
trong NH3 thu c 0,25 mol Ag. Tng s cc nguyn t trong mt phn t Y l
A. 6.
B. 9.
C. 10.
D. 7.
Bi 5. 32-C08-216: t chy hon ton mt anehit X, thu c s mol CO2 bng s mol H2O. Nu
cho X tc dng vi lng d AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3, sinh ra s mol Ag gp bn ln s mol X
phn ng. Cng thc ca X l
A. HCHO.
B. CH3CHO.
C. (CHO)2.
D. C2H5CHO.
Vn 2. Bi ton hn hp cha andehit.
16-C8-216: Cho hn hp gm 0,1 mol HCHO v 0,1 mol HCOOH tc dng vi lng d Ag2O (hoc
AgNO3) trong dung dch NH3, un nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng Ag to thnh
l
A. 43,2 gam.
B. 10,8 gam.
C. 64,8 gam.
D. 21,6 gam.
HA 12 ( Mc : kh)

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CHUYN : PHN NG VI AgNO3/NH3

Gio vin: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188)

Cu 50-A10-684: Cho m gam hn hp etanal v propanal phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung dch
AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 43,2 gam kt ta v dung dch cha 17,5 gam mui amoni ca hai axit hu
c. Gi tr ca m l
A. 14,3.
B. 10,2.
C. 9,5.
D. 10,9.
Vn 3: Xc nh dy ng ng ca andehit
41-B07-285: t chy hon ton a mol mt anehit X (mch h) to ra b mol CO2 v c mol H2O (bit b =
a + c). Trong phn ng trng gng, mt phn t X ch cho 2 electron. X thuc dy ng ng anehit
A. no, n chc.
B. khng no c hai ni i, n chc.
C. khng no c mt ni i, n chc.
D. no, hai chc.
Cu 31-A9-438: Cho 0,25 mol mt anehit mch h X phn ng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong
NH3, thu c 54 gam Ag. Mt khc, khi cho X phn ng vi H2 d (xc tc Ni, to) th 0,125 mol X phn
ng ht vi 0,25 mol H2. Cht X c cng thc ng vi cng thc chung l
A. CnH2n-3CHO (n 2).
B. CnH2n-1CHO (n 2).
C. CnH2n+1CHO (n 0).
D. CnH2n(CHO)2 (n 0).
d. Bi tp t luyn.
Vn 1: Xc nh cng thc ca andehit.
17-C7-439: Cho 2,9 gam mt anehit phn ng hon ton vi lng d AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong
dung dch NH3 thu c 21,6 gam Ag. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca anehit l
A. HCHO.
B. CH2=CH-CHO.
C. CH3CHO.
D. OHC-CHO.
18-A8-329: Cho 3,6 gam anehit n chc X phn ng hon ton vi mt lng d AgNO3 trong dung
dch NH3 un nng, thu c m gam Ag. Ho tan hon ton m gam Ag bng dung dch HNO3 c, sinh
ra 2,24 lt NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Cng thc ca X l
A. C3H7CHO.
B. C4H9CHO.
C. HCHO.
D. C2H5CHO.
Cu 5-B11-846: hiro ho hon ton 0,025 mol hn hp X gm hai anehit c khi lng 1,64
gam, cn 1,12 lt H2 (ktc). Mt khc, khi cho cng lng X trn phn ng vi mt lng d dung dch
AgNO3 trong NH3 th thu c 8,64 gam Ag. Cng thc cu to ca hai anehit trong X l
A. CH2=C(CH3)-CHO v OHC-CHO.
B. OHC-CH2-CHO v OHC-CHO.
C. CH2=CH-CHO v OHC-CH2-CHO.
D. H-CHO v OHC-CH2-CHO.
Cu 54-A13-193: Cho 13,6 gam mt cht hu c X (c thnh phn nguyn t C, H, O) tc dng va
vi dung dch cha 0,6 mol AgNO3 trong NH3, un nng, thu c 43,2 gam Ag. Cng thc cu to
ca X l
A. CH2=C=CHCHO.
B. CH3C CCHO.
C. CH CCH2CHO.
D. CH C[CH2]2CHO.
Cu 17-B13-279: Hai cht hu c X v Y, thnh phn nguyn t u gm C, H, O, c cng s
nguyn t cacbon (MX < MY). Khi t chy hon ton mi cht trong oxi d u thu c s mol H2O
bng s mol CO2. Cho 0,1 mol hn hp gm X v Y phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung dch
AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 28,08 gam Ag. Phn trm khi lng ca X trong hn hp ban u l
A. 39,66%.
B. 60,34%.
C. 21,84%.
D. 78,16%.
Cu 34-CD12-169: Cho m gam hn hp hi X gm hai ancol (n chc, bc I, l ng ng k tip)
phn ng vi CuO d, thu c hn hp hi Y gm nc v anehit. T khi hi ca Y so vi kh hiro
bng 14,5. Cho ton b Y phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 97,2
gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l
A. 14,0.
B. 10,1.
C. 18,9.
D. 14,7.
Vn 2. Bi ton hn hp cha andehit.
Cu 12-CD13-415: Cho hn hp gm 0,05 mol HCHO v 0,02 mol HCOOH vo lng d dung dch
AgNO3 trong NH3, un nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c m gam Ag. Gi tr ca m
l
A. 15,12.
B. 25,92.
C. 21,60.
D. 30,24.
Cu 1-A12-296: Hirat ha 5,2 gam axetilen vi xc tc HgSO4 trong mi trng axit, un nng. Cho
ton b cc cht hu c sau phn ng vo mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c 44,16
gam kt ta. Hiu sut phn ng hirat ha axetilen l
HA 12 ( Mc : kh)

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CHUYN : PHN NG VI AgNO3/NH3

Gio vin: Trn c Tun ( 01695 178 188)

A. 60%.
B. 80%.
C. 92%.
D. 70%.
Vn 3: Xc nh dy ng ng ca andehit
40-A8-329: un nng V lt hi anehit X vi 3V lt kh H2 (xc tc Ni) n khi phn ng xy ra hon
ton ch thu c mt hn hp kh Y c th tch 2V lt (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit , p
sut). Ngng t Y thu c cht Z; cho Z tc dng vi Na sinh ra H2 c s mol bng s mol Z phn
ng. Cht X l anehit
A. khng no (cha mt ni i C=C), hai chc.
B. no, hai chc.
C. khng no (cha mt ni i C=C), n chc.
D. no, n chc.
Cu 31-B12-359: Cho 0,125 mol anehit mch h X phn ng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong
NH3 thu c 27 gam Ag. Mt khc, hiro ho hon ton 0,25 mol X cn va 0,5 mol H2. Dy ng
ng ca X c cng thc chung l
A. CnH2n(CHO)2 (n 0).
B. CnH2n-3CHO (n 2).
C. CnH2n+1CHO (n 0).
D. CnH2n-1CHO (n 2).
4. Cu hi nh tnh.
5-B8-317: Cho dy cc cht: C2H2, HCHO, HCOOH, CH3CHO, (CH3)2CO, C12H22O11 ( mantoz). S cht
trong dy tham gia phn ng trng gng l:
A. 3
B. 5
C. 6
D. 4
Cu 50-A9-438: Cho cc hp cht hu c: C2H2; C2H4; CH2O; CH2O2 (mch h); C3H4O2 (mch h, n
chc). Bit C3H4O2 khng lm chuyn mu qu tm m. S cht tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO3
trong NH3 to ra kt ta l
A. 2.
B. 4.
C. 3.
D. 5.
Cu 52-A9-438: Dy gm cc dung dch u tham gia phn ng trng bc l:
A. Glucoz, glixerol, mantoz, axit fomic.
B. Glucoz, fructoz, mantoz, saccaroz.
C. Glucoz, mantoz, axit fomic, anehit axetic. D. Fructoz, mantoz, glixerol, anehit axetic.
Cu 46-A11-318: X, Y, Z l cc hp cht mch h, bn c cng cng thc phn t C3H6O. X tc dng
c vi Na v khng c phn ng trng bc. Y khng tc dng c vi Na nhng c phn ng trng
bc. Z khng tc dng c vi Na v khng c phn ng trng bc. Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l:
A. CH3-CO-CH3, CH3-CH2-CHO, CH2=CH-CH2-OH.
B. CH3-CH2-CHO, CH3-CO-CH3, CH2=CH-CH2-OH.
C. CH2=CH-CH2-OH, CH3-CO-CH3, CH3-CH2-CHO.
D. CH2=CH-CH2-OH, CH3-CH2-CHO, CH3-CO-CH3.
Cu 41-CD12-169: Cho dy cc cht: anehit axetic, axetilen, glucoz, axit axetic, metyl axetat. S
cht trong dy c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc l
A. 3.
B. 2.
C. 5.
D. 4.
Cu 1-A13-193: Khi lng Ag thu c khi cho 0,1 mol CH3CHO phn ng hon ton vi lng d
dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, un nng l
A. 21,6 gam.
B. 43,2 gam.
C. 16,2 gam.
D. 10,8 gam.
Cu 8-A13-193: Cc cht trong dy no sau y u to kt ta khi cho tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3
trong NH3 d, un nng?
A. vinylaxetilen, glucoz, axit propionic.
B. vinylaxetilen, glucoz, anehit axetic.
C. glucoz, imetylaxetilen, anehit axetic. D. vinylaxetilen, glucoz, imetylaxetilen
Cu 56-B13-279: Cht no di y khi cho vo dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 d, un nng, khng
xy ra phn ng trng bc?
A. Mantoz.
B. Fructoz.
C. Saccaroz.
D. Glucoz.
49-A7-748: Dy cc cht u tc dng vi AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3 l:
A. andehit fomic, axetilen, etilen
B. andehit axetic, axetilen, but-2-in
C. andehit axetic, but-1-in, etilen
D. axit fomic, vinylaxetilen, propin
33-C08-216: Cho dy cc cht: HCHO, CH3COOH, CH3COOC2H5, HCOOH, C2H5OH, HCOOCH3.
S cht trong dy tham gia phn ng trng gng l
A. 3
B. 6.
C. 4.
D. 5.
HA 12 ( Mc : kh)

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