Multistage Amplifier Analysis

What are we supposed to do here ?

• Grounding of all the D.C. voltage sources

• Short circuit all the capacitors present

• Reconfigure the complete circuit neatly

• Replace the BJT by its mathematical model

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Inductively Coupled Amplifier
Circuit Diagram
+VCC

L1 L2
R1 CC2 R3 CC3
CC1
Q1 Q2

Vout
Vin R2 R4
RE1 RE2 CE2
CE1

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Inductively Coupled Amplifier
A.C. Analysis – Step 1

L1 L2
R1 R3

Q1 Q2

Vout
Vin R2 R4
RE1 RE2

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Inductively Coupled Amplifier
A.C. Analysis – Step 2

Q1 Q2

L2
Vout
Vin R1//R2 L1 R3//R4

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Inductively Coupled Amplifier
A.C. Analysis – Step 3
Replace the BJT by it’s h – parameter model

Q1 Q2

XL2 Vout
Vin R1//R2 XL1 R3//R4

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h – parameter model of the BJT
Approximate Equivalent Circuit

B C
IB
hie hfe·IB

E E

Approximate h – parameter Model for CE Configuration

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Inductively Coupled Amplifier
Replace BJT by its h – parameter model
h – parameter model h – parameter model
for BJT Q1 for BJT Q2

hfe2·IB2

Vin R1//R2 hie1 hfe1·IB1 XL1 R3//R4 hie2 XL2 Vout

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Inductively Coupled Amplifier
A.C. Equivalent Circuit
Stage 1 Stage 2

Iin IB1 V2 IB2

hfe2·IB2
Vin R1//R2 hie1 hfe1·IB1 XL1 R3//R4 hie2 XL2 Vout

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Inductively Coupled Amplifier
A.C. Equivalent Circuit
Stage 1 Stage 2

Iin IB1 V2 IB2

hfe2·IB2
Vin R1//R2 hie1 hfe1·IB1 XL1 R3//R4 hie2 XL2 Vout

stage 2 causes LOADING EFFECT on stage 1

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Transformer Coupled Amplifier
Circuit Diagram
+VCC

R1 T1 R3 T2 RL

CC1
Q1 Q2

Vin R2 R4
RE1 RE2 CE2
CE1

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Transformer Coupled Amplifier
A.C. Analysis – Step 1

R1 T1 R3 T2 RL

Q1 Q2

Vin R2 R4
RE1 RE2

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Transformer Coupled Amplifier
A.C. Analysis – Step 2

Q1 Q2

T2 RL Vout
Vin R1//R2 T1 R3//R4

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Transformer Coupled Amplifier
A.C. Analysis – Step 3
Replace the BJT by it’s h – parameter model

Q1 Q2

T2 RL Vout
Vin R1//R2 T1 R3//R4

what to do about this ?

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Transformer Coupled Amplifier
A.C. Equivalent Circuit
Stage 1 Stage 2

Iin IB1 V2 IB2

hfe2·IB2

Vin R1//R2 hie1 hfe1·IB1 R3//R4 hie2 n2·RL Vout

n2(R3//R4//hie2)
loading effect of stage 2
is taken into account
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Direct Coupled Amplifier
Circuit Diagram
+VCC

RC1 RC2
R1

Q1 Q2

Vout
Vin R2
RE1 RE2

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Direct Coupled Amplifier
A.C. Equivalent Circuit

Iin IB1 IB2

R1//R2 β1·re1 β1·IB1 RC1 β2·re2 β2·IB2

RC2
Vin Vout

IE1 RE1 IE2 RE2

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Direct Coupled Amplifier
A.C. Equivalent Circuit
Stage 1 Stage 2

Iin IB1 V2 IB2

R1//R2 β1·re1 β1·IB1 RC1 β2·re2 β2·IB2

RC2
Vin Vout

IE1 RE1 IE2 RE2

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