DONG HOI URBAN DEVELOPMENT PROJECT COOPERATION SWITZERLAND-VIETNAM

D N PHT TRIN TH NG HI HP TC VIT NAM-THY S

TRUNG TM PH BIN KIN THC
D N PTTH



5. K nng trnh by




























Thng 11, 2003









Da trn ti liu ca trng i hc Qun l Henley v
Vin Cng ngh Massachusetts


Trung tm Ph bin Kin thc - D n PTTH: 5. K nng Trnh by
K THUT V K NNG TRNH BY

Trnh by mt ch c hiu qu, li cun c s ch v ng
tnh t pha ngi nghe, v c th tm tt cc khi nim phc tp
bng nhng t ng n gin l k nng c bn ca mi mt trng
nhm.

Trong ti liu ny, bn s hc cch to s ng tnh t pha ngi
nghe, trnh by mt ch c th li cun khn gi v lm cho h
chp nhn cc tng ca bn.

1. L thuyt giao tip

Qu trnh giao tip bao gm cc yu t sau y:
Ngi gi: l ngi gi i mt thng ip (ai)
Ngi nhn: l (nhng) ngi nhn thng ip (nhng
ngi nhn)
Thng ip: ni dung hoc mc ch chnh (ci g)
M tn hiu: ngn ng m thng ip c gi i: t
ng, hnh nh
Knh: Phng tin m bn chn la gi thng
ip (bng cch no): din thuyt, bi vit, chiu phim v.v .
Ting n: Cc cn tr trong knh giao tip (t ng sai,
ting lng, nghe khng r v.v.)

D n Pht trin th ng Hi 1
Trung tm Ph bin Kin thc - D n PTTH: 5. K nng Trnh by
2. Chun b Trnh by

Chun b ti liu trnh by:

Ti liu cn phi c chun b trc mt vi ngy c
thoi gian kim tra li cc ti liu cng nh cc cng c
trc quan trc khi trnh by.
Chin lc trnh by phi ph hp vi i tng d kin:
cc chnh tr gia mun nghe v nhng con s, cc nh
khoa hc mun nghe v nhng lp lun c chng
minh, cc thnh vin ca mt cng ng mun nghe v vai
tr v trch nhim v mc tham gia ca h vo mt d
n v.v..
Lp dn bi mt cch c l-gc v ghi nhng im chnh
ca phn trnh by ca bn.
Phi hp vi cc dng c trc quan, chng hn nh phim
n chiu, cc bc nh ln, bng trng v.v..
Nu bn cm thy cn thit, hay ch trnh by mang
mt s im quan trng c tnh chin lc, cn chun b
mt t ti liu tham kho phn pht.

Xy dng chin lc trnh by

Ni dung:
gio dc, thng tin, thuyt phc, hay gii
tr?
C bao nhiu chi tit (hu ch) cn trnh by?
Phong cch:
Mc thut ng k thut?
Li cun khn gi i tr hay gii chuyn mn?
D n Pht trin th ng Hi 2
Trung tm Ph bin Kin thc - D n PTTH: 5. K nng Trnh by
Cu trc :
Trc tip
(D thc hin
hn)
Gin tip
(Thng dng
hn)
Thng tin
Cc kt qu
chnh, km theo
dn chng
Dn chng, i
n kt qu
Thuyt phc
Tranh lun ,
km theo dn
chng

Dn chng dn
n tranh lun

Chn la cu trc ph hp

Mt phng php hu ch c s dng xy dng ti liu
trnh by ca bn l phn tch t theo cp . Ni n gin,
bn cn xc nh nhng yu cu tng th mc cao nht,
sau phn loi cc yu cu ny thnh tng phn nh hn,
cho n khi bn c th t tiu cho cc t chiu. iu ny
m bo tnh lin tc ca ch v l phng tin quan trng
gip bn iu chnh thi gian trnh by. Bn cng c th phn
loi cc ni dung trnh by thnh cc ch n gin, trung
bnh v phc tp, v b tr thi gian trnh by khong 1,3,6
pht cho tng loi, do , bn cn chun b khong 15 t
chiu trong khong 1 gi trnh by.

Phn gii thi:
Li cun s quan tm v trnh by s lin quan
ca ch i vi ngi nghe
Xy dng mi quan h v s tn nhim i vi
ngi nghe
Trnh by ch chnh v gii thiu ni dung
chng trnh
D n Pht trin th ng Hi 3
Trung tm Ph bin Kin thc - D n PTTH: 5. K nng Trnh by
Thn bi:
Hn ch trong vng 5 phn hoc im chnh
iu chnh cc ni dung da theo kh nng v
nhu cu ca ngi nghe
B tr thi gian da trn chng trnh
Kt lun:
Tm tt cc im chnh
Lu cc hn ch
a ra cc hot ng tip theo.

To dng c trc quan nng cao hiu qu phn trnh
by ca bn

S dng phim n chiu:
Cc tm phim n chiu thng d lm v khng tn km.
Bn c th thay i trt t hoc iu chnh nhanh bng cch
vit tay. Phng php ny c tin cy cao do s dng cng
ngh n gin.

Chiu bng my vi tnh:
Chiu bng my vi tnh thng c sc li cun hn v trng
hin i hn. Tuy nhin, s dng phng php ny thng
hay gp vn nu c nhiu ngi cng s dng mt my vi
tnh do cch nh dng khc nhau, chng trnh phn mn
khc nhau v.v. Trong trng hp ny, phi lun chun b
phim n chiu d phng. Ngoi ra, n chiu my vi tnh
thng cn phng ti, v khng phi bt c mt phng hp
no cng c rm ca s. Phng php ny phi s dng cc
thit b cng knh.

D n Pht trin th ng Hi 4
Trung tm Ph bin Kin thc - D n PTTH: 5. K nng Trnh by
Cc gi khi s dng phim n chiu hoc slide (t
chiu cho my vi tnh):
S dng cc du chm u cu thay v cc on vn di
a vo cc hnh nh, cc biu hoc cc bn v
iu chnh c ch tu theo ln ca phng. Phng rng
cn phng ch ln hn.
Khng s dng nhng phng ch kh c
Khng nh dng vn bn theo chiu dc
S dng nhng mu nh trnh vic ngi nghe ch ch
n hnh thc hn ni dung
S dng cc th thay cho cc bng thng k s li
S dng cng mt kiu khun mu
S dng ti a 60 t trong mt t chiu (hoc 30 t ting
Anh)
Ch t t chiu ng v tr v ng trt t

Ti liu tham kho:
Vic chun b cc ti liu tham kho rt quan trng khi bn
khng c thi gian i su vo cc vn v bn mun
ngi nghe c cc ti liu v nhng g m bn trnh by,
hoc gip ngi nghe t ghi ch trong lc trnh by gip cho
vic iu chnh hoc s dng sau ny. Ngoi ra, vic pht ti
liu tham kho cn th hin tnh chuyn nghip v gip cng
c thm phn trnh by ca bn. Ti liu tham kho cn phi
c pht trc khi trnh by, ngi nghe c th b sung
cc ghi chp ca h. Cc ti liu ny cng c th cu nguy
trong trng hp mt in hoc thit b b hng.

D n Pht trin th ng Hi 5
Trung tm Ph bin Kin thc - D n PTTH: 5. K nng Trnh by
p phch:
p phch thng c tc dng minh ho v gip cng c phn
trnh by ca bn. Khng nn t p phch trong phng hp
trnh vic ngi nghe b phn tn m nn t bn ngoi
ngi nghe c th xem trong gi gii lao, trc hoc sau
phn trnh by. p phch thng bao gm cc biu , tranh
nh vi cu ch thch ngn v cn cung cp nhiu chi tit hn
phn trnh by ca bn. i vi cc cu ch thch, cn lu
khng nn qu mu m.

Kim tra phng hp:

Kim tra phng hp t nht hai gi trc khi trnh by.
a im c ln c th s dng cc dng c trc
quan nh n chiu hay khng?
Mn hnh c ln nhng ngi ngi sau vn c th
c?
V tr ca bn trong lc trnh by nh th no: trn b ng,
sau bn? ngi hay ng?
H thng m thanh hot ng tt khng?
Ti liu trnh by ca bn sn sng v y cha?
Cc vn phng phm khc (bt, bt vit bng) y
cha?

Cn kim tra vic lp t v th trc cc thit b c s
dng trnh by trc cuc hp. Rt l kh chu nu nh mi
ni cu u tin ca phn trnh by bn phi dng li
sa li mn hnh hay iu chnh n chiu. Chun b bng n
chiu d phng trong trng hp bng b chy, v p phch
cng s cn thit ng lc bn mun s dng?
D n Pht trin th ng Hi 6
Trung tm Ph bin Kin thc - D n PTTH: 5. K nng Trnh by
3. Thuyt trnh

Cn nh rng ngi nghe ng v pha bn. Khi tham d
h cho bn thy h rt quan tm n ti bn trnh
by.
Khi ni, cn ch tc . Bn cn nh gi hiu qu ca
thng ip m bn trnh by. S dng phim n chiu/slide
xc inh tc .
Ngi nghe ch tip thu mt s tng mi. Chn la v
tch ring nhng im quan trng v tip tc cng c cc
im .
Khng g chn hn i vi khn gi khi bn c ci u v
c tng t mt bi vit c chun b t trc.
Pht huy ti a cc k nng truyn thng ca bn:
- Nhn vo khn gi trong lc trnh by
- Trnh by mt cch sinh ng, nhng khng thi
qu
- S dng ng tc ph hp nng cao kh nng
truyn t ca bn
Trnh s dng i t ti.
Khiu hm hnh rt quan trng, tuy c yu t ri ro. C th
s dng mt s ti liu vui, nhng trnh gy xc phm
khn gi.
S dng mt s hot ng, mt s tr chi v to c hi
xy dng mi quan h tt vi khn gi
iu quan trng nht l bn cn trnh by mt cch thoi
mi, v lun ti ci. Ngi nghe s cm thy gn gi
vi bn hn.

D n Pht trin th ng Hi 7
Trung tm Ph bin Kin thc - D n PTTH: 5. K nng Trnh by
Gi trong trng hp gp phi vn :

Lm g trong trng hp b mt in?
- Thay i trt t trnh by, t chc mt vi hot ng
nhm cho n khi c in tr li.
- Xem y nh mt th thch v chia s chuyn vui vi
khn gi, v d nh yu cu Gim c Nh my in
trnh by vi khn gi cch gii quyt vn nh th
no, trong trng hp ng ta c mt

Lm g trong trng hp n chiu hay my vi tnh b
hng?
- Cho ngh gii lao sm
- C gng gii quyt trc trc trong gi gii lao
- Chuyn qua s dng cc dng c trc quan khc (bng
kp giy, ti liu tham kho, bng vit)

4. Tr li cc cu hi

Lng nghe cn thn ton b cu hi.
Tm thi gian suy ngh bng cch ni rng bn s tr li
sau gi gii lao v y l mt cu hi quan trng, cn c
tr li y .
Trung thc v nhng vn bn cha bit, ng bao gi
ni di.
Trnh ch hi thoi vi mt ngi.
D n Pht trin th ng Hi 8















































Mun bit thm thng tin v ti liu:
ELECTROWATT-I NFRA VI ETNAM
D n Pht trin th ng Hi
19 Quang Trung ng Hi, Qung Bnh
T: 052 821 378; Fax: 052 821 374
Email: ewedh@dng.vnn.vn

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