THNG NHT NI DUNG DY HC CHI TIT

Mn:.Ton - Khi lp: 10

Bi hc hoc ch : ng thng
!tt
Hng "#n th$% hi&n
Ch'(n KT )
KN
Ki*n th+%
%, -.n
D/ng t01n 2 34 "5 6' 7 2 Hng "#n H!
Y8'
%9'
:;
<i*n
th+%=
<>
n?ng
:i
t@ng
Ai
tBng
hC%
Dinh
HC%
Dinh
Y*'
1. Kin thc
-Hiu c
cch vit
PTT! PTT"
c# $n%
th&n%
-Hiu c
iu 'i(n ) t
*on% *on%!
c+t nh#u!
vu,n% %-c
v.i nh#u
-Bit c,n%
thc 'ho/n%
cch t0 1
i1 n t!
%-c %i2# ) t
-Bit iu
'i(n )
i1 n31
c4n% 5h6#
h#7 'hc 5h6#
8i v.i 1 t
1. 9:nh
n%h;# v<c
t= ch>
5h=n%
). PT th#1
*8 c# t
?. PT9T i
@u# i1
ABC0D70E v
c- h( *8
%-c ' F:
7G'BC-C0E
H70
I. Ju t K
c- v<c t=
ch> 5h=n%
1 )
B D E u u u
r
v.i
1
0 u thL
h( *8 %-c
'G
)
1
u
u
. Ju
t K c- h(
Dng 1: Vit c PTTQ, PTTS ca ng thng d i
qua im M!
"
#$
"
% &' c( )h*ng ch+ t,-c h+.c i qua /
im ch+ t,-c
Bai 1. MN5 PTT"! PTOT Bnu c-E! PTT c# cc $n%
th&n% i @u# i1 A v c- PTOP
u
r
:
#E ABQ)D ?E !
u (5; 1)
r

RE RE ABQ1D )E!
u ( 2;3)
r
cE cE ABSD Q?E!
u (0;3)
r
KE A TB0D 0E!
u (2;5)
r

EFi GH MN5 PTT"! PTOT Bnu c-E! PTT c# cc $n%
th&n% i @u# i1 A v c- PTPT
n
r
:
#E ABQ)D ?E !
n (5; 1)
r
RE ABQ1D )E!
n ( 2;3)
r
cE AB?D Q1E!
n ( 2; 5)
r
KE A TB0D 0E!
n (2;5)
r
EFi I: MN5 PTT"! PTOT Bnu c-E! PTT c# cc $n%
lp phng trnh
tham s v phng trnh
chnh tc ca ng thng
ta cn xc nh m0t
im M x y
0 0 0
( ; ) v
m0t VT1P u u u
1 2
( ; )
r
ca
!
"##$ ca
%
x x tu
y y tu
0 1
0 2
+
'
+

D
"#&# ca %
x x y y
u u
0 0
1 2

Bu'
() u* (E.
). lp phng trnh t+ng
,ut ca ng thng
ta cn xc nh m0t im
M x y
0 0 0
( ; ) v m0t
VTPT n a b ( ; )
r
ca !
). K; nUn%
- Pit c
PTT! PTT"
c# $n%
th&n% K i
@u# i1
ABC0D70E v
c- 5h=n%
cho tV.c
hoc i @u# )
i1 cho
tV.c
- T6nh c
t# W c#
v<c t= 5h5
tu7n nu
Rit v<c t=
ch> 5h=n%
c# 1 $n%
th/n% v
n%c FXi
- Bit chu7n
Yi PTT
!PTT" c#
$n% th&n%
- "Z K[n%
c c,n%
thc 'ho/n%
cch t0 1
i1 n t
- T6nh c
%-c %i2# )
$n% th&n%
*8 %-c ' thL
c- 1 v\c t=
ch> 5h=n%
B1D E u -
r

]. 9:nh
n%h;# v<c
t= 5h5
tu7n
^. PTT
c# $n%
th&n%
S. PT
$n%
th&n% i
@u# ) i1
_B#D0E v
BB0DRE:
1
x .
a /
+
th&n% i @u# h#i i1 _! B:
#E _BQ)D IE! BB1D 0E RE _B]D ?E! BBQ)D QSE
cE _B?D ]E! BB?D `E KE _BQ)D 0E! BB0D Q^E
EFi JH Pit PTT"! PTOT Bnu c-E! PTT c# cc $n%
th&n% i @u# i1 A v *on% *on% v.i $n% th&n% 0:
#E AB)D ?E! 0:
x y 4 10 1 0 +
RE ABQ1D )E! 0 1x
cE AB)D Q?E! 0%
x t
y t
1 2
3 4

'
+

KE AB0D ?E! 0%
x y 1 4
3 2
+

EFi KHPit PTT"! PTOT Bnu c-E! PTT c# cc $n%

th&n% i @u# i1 A v vu,n% %-c v.i $n% th&n% 0:
#E AB)D ?E! 0:
x y 4 10 1 0 +
RE ABQ1D )E! 0 1.
cE AB)D Q?E! 0%
x t
y t
1 2
3 4

'
+

KE AB0D ?E! 0%
x y 1 4
3 2
+

Dng /: T2nh c t3a 0 ca &4c t* )h5) tu$n nu 6it &4c t* ch7 )h*ng ca 1
ng th8ng &' ngc 9i
EFi LH ac :nh v<c t= 5h5 tu7n v v<c t= ch> 5h=n% c# $n% th&n% 0:
#E 0: x y 4 10 1 0 + RE 0 1x
cE 0%
x t
y t
1 2
3 4

'
+

KE 0%
x y 1 4
3 2
+

Dng :: 1hu$n ;i gi<a / dng PTTQ ,PTTS ca ng thng

EFi LH Ohu7n KXn% PTT! PTT"! PTOT Bnu c-E c# cc $n% th&n%
"##2 ca %
a x x b y y
0 0
( ) ( ) 0 +
34t s /5 t6n thng
g7p%
8 5 ,ua ha5
5m
A A B B
A x y B x y ( ; ) , ( ; ) 9v:5
A B A B
x x y y , ;%
"# ca %
A A
B A B A
x x y y
x x y y

8 5 ,ua ha5 5m <9a=
(;) >9(= /; 9a) / (;% "#
ca %
x y
a b
1 + !
8 5 ,ua 5m
M x y
0 0 0
( ; ) v c? h@ s
g?c -% "# ca %
y y k x x
0 0
( )
1h= >: #a c? th chu.n
+5 g5Aa cc phng
trnh tham s) chnh tc)
t+ng ,ut ca m4t
ng thng!
b
#E 0: x y 4 10 1 0 + RE 0 1.
cE 0%
x t
y t
1 2
3 4

'
+

KE 0%
x y 1 4
3 2
+

Dng ?: @4t &i t,2 t*ng Ai ca / t

Bai 1. a<t v: tV6 t=n% 8i c# cc c5 $n% th&n% *#u! nu chcn% c+t nh#u
thL tL1 toX W %i#o i1 c# chcn%:
#E x y x y 2 3 1 0, 4 5 6 0 + + + RE x y x y 4 2 0, 8 2 1 0 + + +
cE
x t x t
y t y t
5 4 2
,
3 2 7 3
+ +
' '
+ +

KE
x t x t
y t y t
1 2 3
,
2 2 4 6
+
' '
+

\E
x t
x y
y
5
, 5 0
1
+
+
'

dE x x y 2, 2 4 0 +
EFi GH H#i cXnh c# hLnh RLnh hnh _BOe c- 5h=n% tVLnh
x y x y 3 0, 2 5 6 0 + + ! >nh OBID Q1E. Pit 5h=n% tVLnh h#i cXnh cfn FXi.
Dng B: SC dDng c cEng thFc Gh+8ng c5ch tH 1 im n t
Bai 1. T6nh 'ho/n% cch t0 i1 A n $n% th&n% 0! v.i:
#E M d x y (4; 5), :3 4 8 0 + RE M d x y (3;5), : 1 0 + +
cE
x t
M d
y t
2
(4; 5), :
2 3

'
+

KE
x y
M d
2 1
(3;5), :
2 3
+

Bi ): Oho t#1 %ic _BO Rit _BQ?D Q]E! BBID Q^E! OB?D 1E
T6nh chu vi v Ki(n t6ch t#1 %ic _BO
Dng I: T2nh c g(c gi<a / ng thng
Bai 1. T6nh %-c %i2# h#i $n% th&n%:
#E x y x y 2 1 0, 3 11 0 + RE x y x y 2 5 0, 3 6 0 + +
cE x y x y 3 7 26 0, 2 5 13 0 + + KE x y x y 3 4 5 0, 4 3 11 0 + +
Bai 2. T6nh *8 o c# cc %-c tVon% t#1 %ic _BO! v.i:
#E _BQ?D Q]E! BBID Q^E! OB?D 1E
RE AB x y BC x y CA x y : 2 3 21 0, :2 3 9 0, :3 2 6 0 + + +
HC%
Dinh
1. Kin thc
-Hiu c
1. 9:nh
n%h;# v<c
Dng 1: Vit c PTTQ, PTTS ca ng thng d i qua im M!"#$"% &' c(
)h*ng ch+ t,-c h+.c i qua / im ch+ t,-c
lp phng trnh
tham s v phng trnh
TM'ng
-Nnh
cch vit
PTT! PTT"
c# $n%
th&n%
-Hiu c
iu 'i(n ) t
*on% *on%!
c+t nh#u!
vu,n% %-c
v.i nh#u
-Bit c,n%
thc 'ho/n%
cch t0 1
i1 n t!
%-c %i2# ) t
-Bit iu
'i(n )
i1 n31
c4n% 5h6#
h#7 'hc 5h6#
8i v.i 1 t
). K; nUn%
- Pit c
PTT! PTT"
c# $n%
th&n% K i
@u# i1
ABC0D70E v
c- 5h=n%
cho tV.c
hoc i @u# )
i1 cho
tV.c
- T6nh c
t= ch>
5h=n%
). PT th#1
*8 c# t
?. PT9T i
@u# i1
ABC0D70E v
c- h( *8
%-c ' F:
7G'BC-C0E
H70
I. Ju t K
c- v<c t=
ch> 5h=n%
1 )
B D E u u u
r
v.i
1
0 u thL
h( *8 %-c
'G
)
1
u
u
. Ju
t K c- h(
*8 %-c ' thL
c- 1 v\c t=
ch> 5h=n%
B1D E u -
r

]. 9:nh
n%h;# v<c
t= 5h5
tu7n
^. PTT
c# $n%
th&n%
S. PT
$n%
EFi L: MN5 PTT"! PTOT Bnu c-E! PTT c# cc $n% th&n% i @u# h#i i1 _! B:
#E _BQ)D IE! BB1D 0E RE _B]D ?E! BBQ)D QSE
cE _B?D ]E! BB?D `E KE _BQ)D 0E! BB0D Q^E
EFi GH Pit PTT"! PTOT Bnu c-E! PTT c# cc $n% th&n% i @u# i1 A v
*on% *on% v.i $n% th&n% 0:
#E AB)D ?E! 0: x y 4 10 1 0 +
RE ABQ1D )E! 0 1x
cE AB)D Q?E! 0%
x t
y t
1 2
3 4

'
+

KE AB0D ?E! 0%
x y 1 4
3 2
+

EFi IHPit PTT"! PTOT Bnu c-E! PTT c# cc $n% th&n% i @u# i1 A v
vu,n% %-c v.i $n% th&n% 0:
#E AB)D ?E! 0: x y 4 10 1 0 +
RE ABQ1D )E! 0 1.
cE AB)D Q?E! 0%
x t
y t
1 2
3 4

'
+

KE AB0D ?E! 0%
x y 1 4
3 2
+

EFi JH Oho t#1 %ic _BO! Rit 5h=n% tVLnh 1Wt cXnh v h#i $n% c#o. Pit
5h=n% tVLnh h#i cXnh v $n% c#o cfn FXi! v.i: 90Bng ';
#E BC x y BB x y CC x y : 2 0, :2 7 6 0, :7 2 1 0

+
RE BC x y BB x y CC x y :5 3 2 0, : 2 1 0, : 3 1 0

+ +
EFi KH Oho t#1 %ic _BO! Rit toX W 1Wt >nh v 5h=n% tVLnh h#i $n% c#o. Pit
5h=n% tVLnh cc cXnh c# t#1 %ic -! v.i:
#E A BB x y CC x y (3;0), :2 2 9 0, :3 12 1 0

+
RE A BB x y CC x y (1;0), : 2 1 0, :3 1 0

+ +
Dng /: T2nh c t3a 0 ca &4c t* )h5) tu$n nu 6it &4c t* ch7 )h*ng ca 1
ng th8ng &' ngc 9i
EFi LH ac :nh v<c t= 5h5 tu7n v v<c t= ch> 5h=n% c# $n% th&n% 0:
chnh tc ca ng thng
ta cn xc nh m0t
im M x y
0 0 0
( ; ) v
m0t VT1P u u u
1 2
( ; )
r
ca
!
"##$ ca
%
x x tu
y y tu
0 1
0 2
+
'
+

D
"#&# ca %
x x y y
u u
0 0
1 2

Bu'
() u* (E.
). lp phng trnh t+ng
,ut ca ng thng
ta cn xc nh m0t im
M x y
0 0 0
( ; ) v m0t
VTPT n a b ( ; )
r
ca !
"##2 ca %
a x x b y y
0 0
( ) ( ) 0 +
34t s /5 t6n thng
g7p%
8 5 ,ua ha5
5m
A A B B
A x y B x y ( ; ) , ( ; ) 9v:5
A B A B
x x y y , ;%
"# ca %
A A
B A B A
x x y y
x x y y

t# W c#
v<c t= 5h5
tu7n nu
Rit v<c t=
ch> 5h=n%
c# 1 $n%
th/n% v
n%c FXi
- Bit chu7n
Yi PTT
!PTT" c#
$n% th&n%
- "Z K[n%
c c,n%
thc 'ho/n%
cch t0 1
i1 n t
- T6nh c
%-c %i2# )
$n% th&n%
th&n% i
@u# ) i1
_B#D0E v
BB0DRE:
1
x .
a /
+
#E 0: x y 4 10 1 0 + RE 0 1x
cE 0%
x t
y t
1 2
3 4

'
+

KE 0%
x y 1 4
3 2
+

Dng :: 1hu$n ;i gi<a / dng PTTQ ,PTTS ca ng thng

EFi LH Ohu7n KXn% PTT! PTT"! PTOT Bnu c-E c# cc $n% th&n%
#E 0: x y 4 10 1 0 + RE 0 1.
cE 0%
x t
y t
1 2
3 4

'
+

KE 0%
x y 1 4
3 2
+

J'i 1: a<t v: tV6 t=n% 8i c# cc c5 $n% th&n% *#u! nu chcn% c+t nh#u thL tL1
toX W %i#o i1 c# chcn%:
#E x y x y 2 3 1 0, 4 5 6 0 + + +
RE x y x y 4 2 0, 8 2 1 0 + + +
cE
x t x t
y t y t
5 4 2
,
3 2 7 3
+ +
' '
+ +

KE
x t x t
y t y t
1 2 3
,
2 2 4 6
+
' '
+

\E
x t
x y
y
5
, 5 0
1
+
+
'

dE x x y 2, 2 4 0 +
EFi G: H#i cXnh c# hLnh RLnh hnh _BOe c- 5h=n% tVLnh
x y x y 3 0, 2 5 6 0 + + ! >nh OBID Q1E. Pit 5h=n% tVLnh h#i cXnh cfn FXi.
Dng B: SC dDng c cEng thFc Gh+8ng c5ch tH 1 im n t
J'i 1: T6nh 'ho/n% cch t0 i1 A n $n% th&n% 0! v.i:
#E M d x y (4; 5), :3 4 8 0 +
RE M d x y (3;5), : 1 0 + +
cE
x t
M d
y t
2
(4; 5), :
2 3

'
+

KE
x y
M d
2 1
(3;5), :
2 3
+

Bai 2.
#E Oho $n% th&n% : x y 2 3 0 + . T6nh Rn '6nh $n% tVfn tg1 hBQ]D ?E v ti5
Ccc v.i .
RE Oho hLnh ch2 nhNt _BOe c- 5h=n% tVLnh ) cXnh F:
8 5 ,ua ha5 5m <9a=
(;) >9(= /; 9a) / (;% "#
ca %
x y
a b
1 + !
8 5 ,ua 5m
M x y
0 0 0
( ; ) v c? h@ s
g?c -% "# ca %
y y k x x
0 0
( )
1h= >: #a c? th chu.n
+5 g5Aa cc phng
trnh tham s) chnh tc)
t+ng ,ut ca m4t
ng thng!
b
x y x y 2 3 5 0, 3 2 7 0 + + v >nh _B)D Q?E. T6nh Ki(n t6ch hLnh ch2 nhNt -.
cE T6nh Ki(n t6ch hLnh vu,n% c- I >nh n31 tVin ) $n% th&n% *on% *on%:
d x y
1
:3 4 6 0 + v d x y
2
:6 8 13 0 .
Bai 3. Oho t#1 %ic _BO. T6nh Ki(n t6ch t#1 %ic _BO! v.i:
#E _BQ1D Q1E! BB)D QIE! OBID ?E RE _BQ)D 1IE! BBID Q)E! OB]D QIE
Bai 4. Pit 5h=n% tVLnh $n% th&n% 0 *on% *on% v cch $n% th&n%
1Wt 'ho/n% -! v.i:
#E x y k :2 3 0, 5 + RE
x t
k
y t
3
: , 3
2 4

'
+

EFi KO Oho ? $n% th&n%

0 ) ? I : E B D 0 1 ] : E B D
1
) 1
: E B
? ) 1
+ +

'

+

. x 0 . x 0
t .
t x
0
. TL1 A n31
tVin BK1E cch u BK)E v BK?E
Dng I: T2nh c g(c gi<a / ng thng
J'i 1: T6nh %-c %i2# h#i $n% th&n%:
#E x y x y 2 1 0, 3 11 0 + RE x y x y 2 5 0, 3 6 0 + +
cE x y x y 3 7 26 0, 2 5 13 0 + + KE x y x y 3 4 5 0, 4 3 11 0 + +
J'i /: T6nh *8 o c# cc %-c tVon% t#1 %ic _BO! v.i:
#E _BQ?D Q]E! BBID Q^E! OB?D 1E
RE AB x y BC x y CA x y : 2 3 21 0, :2 3 9 0, :3 2 6 0 + + +
Bai 3. Oho h#i $n% th&n% 0 v . TL1 m %-c %i2# h#i $n% th&n% -
R3n% ! v.i:
#E d mx m y m m x m y m
0
: 2 ( 3) 4 1 0, :( 1) ( 2) 2 0, 45 + + + + +
RE
d m x m y m m x m y m
0
:( 3) ( 1) 3 0, :( 2) ( 1) 1 0, 90 + + + +
HC%
Dinh
Kh1
1. Kin thc
-Hiu c
cch vit
1. 9:nh
n%h;# v<c
t= ch>
Dng 1: Vit c PTTQ, PTTS ca ng thng d i qua im M!"#$"% &' c(
)h*ng ch+ t,-c h+.c i qua / im ch+ t,-c
EFi L: Oho t#1 %ic _BO. Pit 5h=n% tVLnh cc cXnh! cc $n% tVun% tu7n! cc
lp phng trnh
tham s v phng trnh
chnh tc ca ng thng
PTT! PTT"
c# $n%
th&n%
-Hiu c
iu 'i(n ) t
*on% *on%!
c+t nh#u!
vu,n% %-c
v.i nh#u
-Bit c,n%
thc 'ho/n%
cch t0 1
i1 n t!
%-c %i2# ) t
-Bit iu
'i(n )
i1 n31
c4n% 5h6#
h#7 'hc 5h6#
8i v.i 1 t
). K; nUn%
- Pit c
PTT! PTT"
c# $n%
th&n% K i
@u# i1
ABC0D70E v
c- 5h=n%
cho tV.c
hoc i @u# )
i1 cho
tV.c
- T6nh c
t# W c#
5h=n%
). PT th#1
*8 c# t
?. PT9T i
@u# i1
ABC0D70E v
c- h( *8
%-c ' F:
7G'BC-C0E
H70
I. Ju t K
c- v<c t=
ch> 5h=n%
1 )
B D E u u u
r
v.i
1
0 u thL
h( *8 %-c
'G
)
1
u
u
. Ju
t K c- h(
*8 %-c ' thL
c- 1 v\c t=
ch> 5h=n%
B1D E u -
r

]. 9:nh
n%h;# v<c
t= 5h5
tu7n
^. PTT
c# $n%
th&n%
S. PT
$n%
th&n% i
$n% c#o c# t#1 %ic v.i:
#E _B)D 0E! BB)D Q?E! OB0D Q1E RE _B1D IE! BB?D Q1E! OB^D )E
cE _BQ1D Q1E! BB1D jE! OBjD 1E KE _BID Q1E! BBQ?D )E! OB1D ^E
Bai 2. Oho t#1 %ic _BO! Rit 5h=n% tVLnh R# cXnh c# t#1 %ic. Pit
5h=n% tVLnh cc $n% c#o c# t#1 %ic! v.i:
#E AB x y BC x y CA x y : 2 3 1 0, : 3 7 0, :5 2 1 0 + + +
RE AB x y BC x y CA x y : 2 2 0, : 4 5 8 0, : 4 8 0 + + +
Bai 3. Pit 5h=n% tVLnh cc cXnh v cc tVun% tVkc c# t#1 %ic _BO Rit
tVun% i1 c# cc cXnh BO! O_! _B Fln Ft F cc i1 A! J! P! v.i:
#E ABQ1D Q1E! JB1D jE! PBjD 1E RE M N P
3 5 5 7
; , ; , (2; 4)
2 2 2 2
_ _


, ,
cE M N P
3 1
2; , 1; , (1; 2)
2 2
_ _


, ,
KE M N P
3 7
;2 , ;3 , (1;4)
2 2
_ _

, ,
Bai 4. MN5 5h=n% tVLnh $n% th&n% 0 8i Cn% v.i $n% th&n% 0 @u#
$n% th&n% ! v.i:
#E d x y x y : 2 1 0, :3 4 2 0 + + RE
d x y x y : 2 4 0, : 2 2 0 + +
cE d x y x y : 1 0, : 3 3 0 + + KE d x y x y : 2 3 1 0, :2 3 1 0 +
Bai 5. MN5 5h=n% tVLnh $n% th&n% 0 8i Cn% v.i $n% th&n% 0 @u#
i1 h! v.i:
#E d x y I : 2 1 0, (2;1) + RE d x y I : 2 4 0, ( 3;0) +
cE d x y I : 1 0, (0;3) + KE d x y I O : 2 3 1 0, (0;0) +
Bai 6. Oho t#1 %ic _BO! Rit toX W 1Wt >nh v 5h=n% tVLnh h#i $n%
tVun% tu7n. Pit 5h=n% tVLnh cc cXnh c# t#1 %ic -! v.i:
#E A BM x y CN y (1;3), : 2 1 0, : 1 0 +
RE A BM x y CN y (3;9), :3 4 9 0, : 6 0 +
Bai 7. Oho t#1 %ic _BO! Rit 5h=n% tVLnh 1Wt cXnh v h#i $n% tVun%
tu7n. Pit 5h=n% tVLnh cc cXnh cfn FXi c# t#1 %ic -! v.i:
#E AB x y AM x y BN x y : 2 7 0, : 5 0, : 2 11 0 + + +
CD% a; AC x y BC x y :16 13 68 0, :17 11 106 0 + +
Dng /: T2nh c t3a 0 ca &4c t* )h5) tu$n nu 6it &4c t* ch7 )h*ng ca 1
ta cn xc nh m0t
im M x y
0 0 0
( ; ) v
m0t VT1P u u u
1 2
( ; )
r
ca
!
"##$ ca
%
x x tu
y y tu
0 1
0 2
+
'
+

D
"#&# ca %
x x y y
u u
0 0
1 2

Bu'
() u* (E.
). lp phng trnh t+ng
,ut ca ng thng
ta cn xc nh m0t im
M x y
0 0 0
( ; ) v m0t
VTPT n a b ( ; )
r
ca !
"##2 ca %
a x x b y y
0 0
( ) ( ) 0 +
34t s /5 t6n thng
g7p%
8 5 ,ua ha5
5m
A A B B
A x y B x y ( ; ) , ( ; ) 9v:5
A B A B
x x y y , ;%
"# ca %
A A
B A B A
x x y y
x x y y

8 5 ,ua ha5 5m <9a=
v<c t= 5h5
tu7n nu
Rit v<c t=
ch> 5h=n%
c# 1 $n%
th/n% v
n%c FXi
- Bit chu7n
Yi PTT
!PTT" c#
$n% th&n%
- "Z K[n%
c c,n%
thc 'ho/n%
cch t0 1
i1 n t
- T6nh c
%-c %i2# )
$n% th&n%
@u# ) i1
_B#D0E v
BB0DRE:
1
x .
a /
+
ng th8ng &' ngc 9i
Dng :: 1hu$n ;i gi<a / dng PTTQ ,PTTS ca ng thng
Dng ?: @4t &i t,2 t*ng Ai ca / t
Bai 1. a<t v: tV6 t=n% 8i c# cc c5 $n% th&n% *#u! nu chcn% c+t nh#u
thL tL1 toX W %i#o i1 c# chcn%:
#E x y x y 2 3 1 0, 4 5 6 0 + + +
RE x y x y 4 2 0, 8 2 1 0 + + +
cE
x t x t
y t y t
5 4 2
,
3 2 7 3
+ +
' '
+ +

KE
x t x t
y t y t
1 2 3
,
2 2 4 6
+
' '
+

\E
x t
x y
y
5
, 5 0
1
+
+
'

dE x x y 2, 2 4 0 +
Bai 2. H#i cXnh c# hLnh RLnh hnh _BOe c- 5h=n% tVLnh
x y x y 3 0, 2 5 6 0 + + ! >nh OBID Q1E. Pit 5h=n% tVLnh h#i cXnh cfn FXi.
Bai 3. Oho t#1 %ic _BO! Rit toX W 1Wt >nh! 5h=n% tVLnh 1Wt $n%
c#o v 1Wt tVun% tu7n. Pit 5h=n% tVLnh cc cXnh c# t#1 %ic -! v.i:
#E A BH x y BM x y (4; 1), : 2 3 12 0, :2 3 0 + +
RE A BH x y CN x y (2; 7), :3 11 0, : 2 7 0 + + + +
J'i ? KL M /""/N%: Oho t#1 %ic _BO vu,n% tXi _D Rit 5h=n% tVLnh cXnh BO F:
0 ? ? . x D i1 _! B thuWc tV[c honh. ac :nh toX W tVn% tg1 m c#
t#1 %ic _BO Rit Rn '6nh $n% tVfn nWi ti5 t#1 %ic _BO R3n% ).
Dng B: SC dDng c cEng thFc Gh+8ng c5ch tH 1 im n t
Bai 1.
#E Oho $n% th&n% : x y 2 3 0 + . T6nh Rn '6nh $n% tVfn tg1 hBQ]D ?E v ti5
Ccc v.i .
RE Oho hLnh ch2 nhNt _BOe c- 5h=n% tVLnh ) cXnh F:
x y x y 2 3 5 0, 3 2 7 0 + + v >nh _B)D Q?E. T6nh Ki(n t6ch hLnh ch2 nhNt -.
(;) >9(= /; 9a) / (;% "#
ca %
x y
a b
1 + !
8 5 ,ua 5m
M x y
0 0 0
( ; ) v c? h@ s
g?c -% "# ca %
y y k x x
0 0
( )
1h= >: #a c? th chu.n
+5 g5Aa cc phng
trnh tham s) chnh tc)
t+ng ,ut ca m4t
ng thng!
tm 5m 3 5
xEng v:5 5m 3 ,ua
ng thng 0) ta c? th
thFc h5@n nh sau%
&ch '% G H5It phng
trnh ng thng ,ua
3 v vuJng g?c v:5 0!
G Kc nh L M 0 9L
l hnh ch5Iu ca 3 trNn
0;!
G Kc nh 3 sa6 ch6 L
l trung 5m ca 33!
&ch *% OP5 L l trung
5m ca 33! Qh5 ?%
3 5 xEng ca 3 ,ua 0

d
MM u
I d

'

uuuuur
r
9sR 0Sng
t6B 4;
cE T6nh Ki(n t6ch hLnh vu,n% c- I >nh n31 tVin ) $n% th&n% *on% *on%:
d x y
1
:3 4 6 0 + v d x y
2
:6 8 13 0 .
Bai 2. Oho t#1 %ic _BO. T6nh Ki(n t6ch t#1 %ic _BO! v.i:
#E _BQ1D Q1E! BB)D QIE! OBID ?E RE _BQ)D 1IE! BBID Q)E! OB]D QIE
Bai 3. Pit 5h=n% tVLnh $n% th&n% 0 *on% *on% v cch $n% th&n%
1Wt 'ho/n% -! v.i:
#E x y k :2 3 0, 5 + RE
x t
k
y t
3
: , 3
2 4

'
+

Bai 4. Pit 5h=n% tVLnh $n% th&n% i @u# i1 A v cch u h#i i1

P! ! v.i:
#E AB)D ]E! PBQ1D )E! B]D IE RE AB1D )E! PB)D ?E! BID Q]E
cE AB10D )E! PB?D 0E! BQ]D IE KE AB)D ?E! PB?D Q1E! B?D ]E
J'i B KL M /""IN%: Oho ? $n% th&n% BK1ED BK)ED BK?E c- 5h=n% tVLnh:

0 ) : E B D 0 I : E B D 0 ? : E B
? ) 1
+ + . x 0 . x 0 . x 0

TL1 t# W i1 A n31 tVin BK?E *#o cho 'ho/n% cch t0 A n BK1E R3n% ) Fln
'ho/n% cch t0 A n BK)E.
Bai 5. Oho $n% th&n% : x y 2 0 + v i1 TB0D0E! _B)D 0E! BBQ)D )E.
#E Ohn% 1inh $n% th&n% c+t oXn th&n% _B.
RE Ohn% 1inh V3n% h#i i1 T! _ n31 c4n% v 1Wt 5h6# 8i v.i $n% th&n% .
cE TL1 i1 T 8i Cn% v.i T @u# .
KE TVin ! tL1 i1 A *#o cho W Ki $n% %n5 'hcc TA_ n%+n nhnt.
J'i I: TL1 tVin tV[c honh i1 A *#o cho tYn% 'ho/n% cch t0 A n _ v B nho
nhnt Rit:
#! _B1D)E! BB?DIE R! _B-1D)E! BB)D1E c! _B-)D-
1E! BB-1D-1E.
J'i O: TL1 tVin tV[c tun% i1 A *#o cho tYn% 'ho/n% cch t0 A n _ v B nho
nhnt Rit:
#! _B-)D1E! BB1D1E R! _B1D?E! BB?D-?E c! _B-?D-
1E! BB)D?E
J'i P: TL1 tVin BKE i1 A *#o cho tYn% 'ho/n% cch t0 A n _ v B nho nhnt
Rit:
#p (d): x y 0;A(3;2),B(5;1) Rp (d): x y 2 0;A(2;1),B(1;5) +
v5It phng trnh
ng thng 0 5 xEng
v:5 ng thng 0 ,ua
ng thng ) ta c? th
thFc h5@n nh sau%
G TIu 0 UU %
8 VW. < 0! Kc nh
< 5 xEng v:5 < ,ua !
8 H5It phng trnh
ng thng 0 ,ua < v
s6ng s6ng v:5 0!
G TIu 0 M L%
8 VW. < 0 9< L;! Kc
nh < 5 xEng v:5 <
,ua !
8 H5It phng trnh
ng thng 0 ,ua < v
L!
v5It phng trnh
ng thng 0 5 xEng
v:5 ng thng 0 ,ua
5m L) ) ta c? th thFc
h5@n nh sau%
G VW. < 0! Kc nh <
5 xEng v:5 < ,ua L!
G H5It phng trnh
ng thng 0 ,ua < v
s6ng s6ng v:5 0!
b
Dng I: T2nh c g(c gi<a / ng thng
J'i 1: T6nh *8 o c# cc %-c tVon% t#1 %ic _BO! v.i:
cE _BQ?D Q]E! BBID Q^E! OB?D 1E
KE AB x y BC x y CA x y : 2 3 21 0, :2 3 9 0, :3 2 6 0 + + +
EFi GH Oho h#i $n% th&n% 0 v . TL1 m %-c %i2# h#i $n% th&n% - R3n% !
v.i:
#E d mx m y m m x m y m
0
: 2 ( 3) 4 1 0, :( 1) ( 2) 2 0, 45 + + + + +
RE
d m x m y m m x m y m
0
:( 3) ( 1) 3 0, :( 2) ( 1) 1 0, 90 + + + +
EFi IH Pit 5h=n% tVLnh $n% th&n% 0 i @u# i1 _ v tXo v.i $n% th&n%
1Wt %-c ! v.i:
#E A x y
0
(6;2), :3 2 6 0, 45 + RE A x y
0
( 2;0), : 3 3 0, 45 +
cE A x y
0
(2;5), : 3 6 0, 60 + +
KE A x y
0
(1;3), : 0, 30
Bai 4. Oho hLnh vu,n% _BOe c- tg1 hBID Q1E v 5h=n% tVLnh 1Wt cXnh F
x y 3 5 0 + .
#E Pit 5h=n% tVLnh h#i $n% ch<o c# hLnh vu,n%.
RE TL1 toX W I >nh c# hLnh vu,n%.
HC%
Dinh
GiPi
1. Kin thc
-Hiu c
cch vit
PTT! PTT"
c# $n%
th&n%
-Hiu c
iu 'i(n ) t
*on% *on%!
c+t nh#u!
1. 9:nh
n%h;# v<c
t= ch>
5h=n%
). PT th#1
*8 c# t
?. PT9T i
@u# i1
ABC0D70E v
c- h( *8
Dng 1: Vit c PTTQ, PTTS ca ng thng d i qua im M!"#$"% &' c(
)h*ng ch+ t,-c h+.c i qua / im ch+ t,-c
Bai 1. Oho t#1 %ic _BO! Rit 5h=n% tVLnh R# cXnh c# t#1 %ic. Pit
5h=n% tVLnh cc $n% c#o c# t#1 %ic! v.i:
#E AB x y BC x y CA x y : 2 3 1 0, : 3 7 0, :5 2 1 0 + + +
RE AB x y BC x y CA x y : 2 2 0, : 4 5 8 0, : 4 8 0 + + +
Bai 2. Pit 5h=n% tVLnh cc cXnh v cc tVun% tVkc c# t#1 %ic _BO Rit
tVun% i1 c# cc cXnh BO! O_! _B Fln Ft F cc i1 A! J! P! v.i:
lp phng trnh
tham s v phng trnh
chnh tc ca ng thng
ta cn xc nh m0t
im M x y
0 0 0
( ; ) v
m0t VT1P u u u
1 2
( ; )
r
ca
!
"##$ ca
vu,n% %-c
v.i nh#u
-Bit c,n%
thc 'ho/n%
cch t0 1
i1 n t!
%-c %i2# ) t
-Bit iu
'i(n )
i1 n31
c4n% 5h6#
h#7 'hc 5h6#
8i v.i 1 t
). K; nUn%
- Pit c
PTT! PTT"
c# $n%
th&n% K i
@u# i1
ABC0D70E v
c- 5h=n%
cho tV.c
hoc i @u# )
i1 cho
tV.c
- T6nh c
t# W c#
v<c t= 5h5
tu7n nu
Rit v<c t=
ch> 5h=n%
c# 1 $n%
th/n% v
n%c FXi
%-c ' F:
7G'BC-C0E
H70
I. Ju t K
c- v<c t=
ch> 5h=n%
1 )
B D E u u u
r
v.i
1
0 u thL
h( *8 %-c
'G
)
1
u
u
. Ju
t K c- h(
*8 %-c ' thL
c- 1 v\c t=
ch> 5h=n%
B1D E u -
r

]. 9:nh
n%h;# v<c
t= 5h5
tu7n
^. PTT
c# $n%
th&n%
S. PT
$n%
th&n% i
@u# ) i1
_B#D0E v
BB0DRE:
1
x .
a /
+
#E ABQ1D Q1E! JB1D jE! PBjD 1E RE M N P
3 5 5 7
; , ; , (2; 4)
2 2 2 2
_ _


, ,
cE M N P
3 1
2; , 1; , (1; 2)
2 2
_ _


, ,
KE M N P
3 7
;2 , ;3 , (1;4)
2 2
_ _

, ,
Bai 3. MN5 5h=n% tVLnh $n% th&n% 0 8i Cn% v.i $n% th&n% 0 @u#
$n% th&n% ! v.i:
#E d x y x y : 2 1 0, :3 4 2 0 + + RE
d x y x y : 2 4 0, : 2 2 0 + +
cE d x y x y : 1 0, : 3 3 0 + + KE d x y x y : 2 3 1 0, :2 3 1 0 +
Bai 4. MN5 5h=n% tVLnh $n% th&n% 0 8i Cn% v.i $n% th&n% 0 @u#
i1 h! v.i:
#E d x y I : 2 1 0, (2;1) + RE d x y I : 2 4 0, ( 3;0) +
cE d x y I : 1 0, (0;3) + KE d x y I O : 2 3 1 0, (0;0) +
Bai 5. Oho t#1 %ic _BO! Rit toX W 1Wt >nh v 5h=n% tVLnh h#i $n%
tVun% tu7n. Pit 5h=n% tVLnh cc cXnh c# t#1 %ic -! v.i:
#E A BM x y CN y (1;3), : 2 1 0, : 1 0 +
RE A BM x y CN y (3;9), :3 4 9 0, : 6 0 +
Bai 6. Oho t#1 %ic _BO! Rit 5h=n% tVLnh 1Wt cXnh v $n% tVun% tu7n
. Pit 5h=n% tVLnh cc cXnh cfn FXi c# t#1 %ic -! v.i:
#E AB x y AM x y BN x y : 2 7 0, : 5 0, : 2 11 0 + + +
CD% a; AC x y BC x y :16 13 68 0, :17 11 106 0 + +
Dng /: T2nh c t3a 0 ca &4c t* )h5) tu$n nu 6it &4c t* ch7 )h*ng ca 1
ng th8ng &' ngc 9i
Dng :: 1hu$n ;i gi<a / dng PTTQ ,PTTS ca ng thng
Dng ?: @4t &i t,2 t*ng Ai ca / t
Bai 1. H#i cXnh c# hLnh RLnh hnh _BOe c- 5h=n% tVLnh
x y x y 3 0, 2 5 6 0 + + ! >nh OBID Q1E. Pit 5h=n% tVLnh h#i cXnh cfn FXi.
Bai 2. Oho t#1 %ic _BO! Rit toX W 1Wt >nh! 5h=n% tVLnh 1Wt $n%
c#o v 1Wt tVun% tu7n. Pit 5h=n% tVLnh cc cXnh c# t#1 %ic -! v.i:
#E A BH x y BM x y (4; 1), : 2 3 12 0, :2 3 0 + +
%
x x tu
y y tu
0 1
0 2
+
'
+

D
"#&# ca %
x x y y
u u
0 0
1 2

Bu'
() u* (E.
). lp phng trnh t+ng
,ut ca ng thng
ta cn xc nh m0t im
M x y
0 0 0
( ; ) v m0t
VTPT n a b ( ; )
r
ca !
"##2 ca %
a x x b y y
0 0
( ) ( ) 0 +
34t s /5 t6n thng
g7p%
8 5 ,ua ha5
5m
A A B B
A x y B x y ( ; ) , ( ; ) 9v:5
A B A B
x x y y , ;%
"# ca %
A A
B A B A
x x y y
x x y y

8 5 ,ua ha5 5m <9a=
(;) >9(= /; 9a) / (;% "#
ca %
x y
a b
1 + !
8 5 ,ua 5m
M x y
0 0 0
( ; ) v c? h@ s
- Bit chu7n
Yi PTT
!PTT" c#
$n% th&n%
- "Z K[n%
c c,n%
thc 'ho/n%
cch t0 1
i1 n t
- T6nh c
%-c %i2# )
$n% th&n%
RE A BH x y CN x y (2; 7), :3 11 0, : 2 7 0 + + + +
J'i : KL M /""/N%: Oho t#1 %ic _BO vu,n% tXi _D Rit 5h=n% tVLnh cXnh BO F:
0 ? ? . x D i1 _! B thuWc tV[c honh. ac :nh toX W tVn% tg1 m c#
t#1 %ic _BO Rit Rn '6nh $n% tVfn nWi ti5 t#1 %ic _BO R3n% ).
Dng B: SC dDng c cEng thFc Gh+8ng c5ch tH 1 im n t
EFi LO Oho t#1 %ic _BO. T6nh Ki(n t6ch t#1 %ic _BO! v.i:
#E _BQ1D Q1E! BB)D QIE! OBID ?E RE _BQ)D 1IE! BBID Q)E! OB]D QIE
EFi GO Pit 5h=n% tVLnh $n% th&n% 0 *on% *on% v cch $n% th&n% 1Wt
'ho/n% -! v.i:
#E x y k :2 3 0, 5 + RE
x t
k
y t
3
: , 3
2 4

'
+

EFi IO Pit 5h=n% tVLnh $n% th&n% i @u# i1 A v cch u h#i i1 P! !

v.i:
#E AB)D ]E! PBQ1D )E! B]D IE RE AB1D )E! PB)D ?E! BID Q]E
cE AB10D )E! PB?D 0E! BQ]D IE KE AB)D ?E! PB?D Q1E! B?D ]E
J'i ? KL M /""IN%: Oho ? $n% th&n% BK1ED BK)ED BK?E c- 5h=n% tVLnh:

0 ) : E B D 0 I : E B D 0 ? : E B
? ) 1
+ + . x 0 . x 0 . x 0

TL1 t# W i1 A n31 tVin BK?E *#o cho 'ho/n% cch t0 A n BK1E R3n% ) Fln
'ho/n% cch t0 A n BK)E.
EFi JO Oho $n% th&n% : x y 2 0 + v i1 TB0D0E! _B)D 0E! BBQ)D )E.
#E Ohn% 1inh $n% th&n% c+t oXn th&n% _B.
RE Ohn% 1inh V3n% h#i i1 T! _ n31 c4n% v 1Wt 5h6# 8i v.i $n% th&n% .
cE TL1 i1 T 8i Cn% v.i T @u# .
KE TVin ! tL1 i1 A *#o cho W Ki $n% %n5 'hcc TA_ n%+n nhnt.
EFi KO TL1 tN5 h5 i1.
#E TL1 tN5 h5 cc i1 cch $n% th&n% : x y 2 5 1 0 + 1Wt 'ho/n% R3n% ?.
RE TL1 tN5 h5 cc i1 cch u h#i $n% th&n%
d x y x y : 5 3 3 0, : 5 3 7 0 + + + .
cE TL1 tN5 h5 cc i1 cch u h#i $n% th&n% d x y y : 4 3 2 0, : 3 0 + .
KE TL1 tN5 h5 cc i1 c- t> *8 cc 'ho/n% cch n h#i $n% th&n% *#u R3n%
5
13
:
g?c -% "# ca %
y y k x x
0 0
( )
1h= >: #a c? th chu.n
+5 g5Aa cc phng
trnh tham s) chnh tc)
t+ng ,ut ca m4t
ng thng!
tm 5m 3 5
xEng v:5 5m 3 ,ua
ng thng 0) ta c? th
thFc h5@n nh sau%
&ch '% G H5It phng
trnh ng thng ,ua
3 v vuJng g?c v:5 0!
G Kc nh L M 0 9L
l hnh ch5Iu ca 3 trNn
0;!
G Kc nh 3 sa6 ch6 L
l trung 5m ca 33!
&ch *% OP5 L l trung
5m ca 33! Qh5 ?%
3 5 xEng ca 3 ,ua 0

d
MM u
I d

'

uuuuur
r
9sR 0Sng
t6B 4;
v5It phng trnh
ng thng 0 5 xEng
v:5 ng thng 0 ,ua
ng thng ) ta c? th
thFc h5@n nh sau%
d x y : 5 12 4 0 + v x y : 4 3 10 0 .
EFi QO Pit 5h=n% tVLnh cc $n% 5hgn %ic c# cc %-c tXo Rqi h#i $n% th&n%:
#E x y x y 3 4 12 0, 12 5 20 0 + + RE x y x y 3 4 9 0, 8 6 1 0 +
cE x y x y 3 6 0, 3 2 0 + + + KE x y x y 2 11 0, 3 6 5 0 +
EFi RO Oho t#1 %ic _BO. TL1 tg1 v Rn '6nh $n% tVfn nWi ti5 t#1 %ic _BO!
v.i:
#E _BQ?D Q]E! BBID Q^E! OB?D 1E
RE _B1D )E! BB]D )E! OB1D Q?E
cE AB x y BC x y CA x y : 2 3 21 0, :2 3 9 0, :3 2 6 0 + + +
KE AB x y BC x y CA x y : 4 3 12 0, :3 4 24 0, :3 4 6 0 + + +
J'i Q: Pit 5h=n% tVLnh $n% th&n% BEi @u# %i#o i1 c# h#i $n% th&n%
BK1E: CH 7 - ) G 0 v BK)E: ?C - I7 H 1 G 0 rn% th$i ch+n tVin h#i tV[c toX W nh2n%
oXn R3n% nh#u
J'i 1": MN5 5h=n% tVLnh $n% th&n% BKE i @u# i1 A B?D1E v c+t ) tV[c toX W
tXi ) i1 5hgn Ri(t _ B#D0E! BB0DRE v.i # s0D Rs0 *#o cho:
#! ei(n t6ch t#1 %ic _BO nho nhnt. R! T_ H TB nho nhnt.
c!
2 2
1 1
OA OB
+ nho nhnt.
Dng I: T2nh c g(c gi<a / ng thng
J'i 1: T6nh *8 o c# cc %-c tVon% t#1 %ic _BO! v.i:
\E _BQ?D Q]E! BBID Q^E! OB?D 1E
dE AB x y BC x y CA x y : 2 3 21 0, :2 3 9 0, :3 2 6 0 + + +
EFi GH Oho h#i $n% th&n% 0 v . TL1 m %-c %i2# h#i $n% th&n% - R3n% !
v.i:
#E d mx m y m m x m y m
0
: 2 ( 3) 4 1 0, :( 1) ( 2) 2 0, 45 + + + + +
RE
d m x m y m m x m y m
0
:( 3) ( 1) 3 0, :( 2) ( 1) 1 0, 90 + + + +
EFi IH Pit 5h=n% tVLnh $n% th&n% 0 i @u# i1 _ v tXo v.i $n% th&n%
1Wt %-c ! v.i:
G TIu 0 UU %
8 VW. < 0! Kc nh
< 5 xEng v:5 < ,ua !
8 H5It phng trnh
ng thng 0 ,ua < v
s6ng s6ng v:5 0!
G TIu 0 M L%
8 VW. < 0 9< L;! Kc
nh < 5 xEng v:5 <
,ua !
8 H5It phng trnh
ng thng 0 ,ua < v
L!
v5It phng trnh
ng thng 0 5 xEng
v:5 ng thng 0 ,ua
5m L) ) ta c? th thFc
h5@n nh sau%
G VW. < 0! Kc nh <
5 xEng v:5 < ,ua L!
G H5It phng trnh
ng thng 0 ,ua < v
s6ng s6ng v:5 0!
b
#E A x y
0
(6;2), :3 2 6 0, 45 + RE A x y
0
( 2;0), : 3 3 0, 45 +
cE A x y
0
(2;5), : 3 6 0, 60 + +
KE A x y
0
(1;3), : 0, 30
Bai 5. Oho hLnh vu,n% _BOe c- tg1 hBID Q1E v 5h=n% tVLnh 1Wt cXnh F
x y 3 5 0 + .
#E Pit 5h=n% tVLnh h#i $n% ch<o c# hLnh vu,n%.
RE TL1 toX W I >nh c# hLnh vu,n%.
TS tMTng %t %1n Ngi UVW "$ng
HF ThX T NgY