Chapter 9 Exercise 9A

Q. 1.
Q. 2.
Q. 3.

0.83 1,000 = 830 kg/m3

375
______
1,000

Q
Q. 9.

Weight = Vrg = (0.024)(1,000 g) = 24g N

= 0.375

(i) 1 m3 has mass 13.6 1,000,000

= 13,600,000 grammes

Q. 10.

Density = 13,600 kg/m3

(ii)
Q. 4.

Q. 5.

1,000

Q. 11.

= 13.6

Volume = 0.1 0.06 0.02

= 0.00012 m3
Mass
Density = _______
Volume
1.08
= ________ = 9,000 kg/m3
0.00012
9,000
Relative density = ______ = 9
1,000

980

1
___
14

1
(ii) V = __ ph(R2 + Rr + r2)
3
1
= __ p (6)(49 + 42 + 36)
3
= 254p cm3 = 0.000254p m3
Weight = Vrg = (0.000254p )(950)(g)
= 0.2413pg N
Mass
_______
(iii) Density =
Volume
1.026p + 0.2413p
__________________
=
0.001026p + 0.000254p
1.2673
= ________ = 990
0.00128
990
Specific gravity = ______ = 0.99
1,000

m3

Mass = Volume Density

1
= ___ 2,450 = 175 kg
14
Q. 6.

Q. 7.

Q. 8.

sv

60

60

0.95

40

38

100

98

sv

10

70

11

79

98
s = ____ = 0.98
100

79
s = ___ = 7.182
11
sv

100

100

0.9

0.9x

100 + x

100 + 0.9x

= 0.9625
100 + x
100 + 0.9x = 96.25 + 0.9625x
x = 60 ml

(i) Pressure = hrg = (2)(1,000)g

= 2,000g N/m2
(ii) Thrust = Pressure Area
= 2,000g (2)2 = 8,000g N

100 + 0.9x
__________

Exercise 9B
E
Q
Q. 1.

1
(i) V = __ ph(R2 + Rr + r2)
3
1
= __ p(18)(81 + 54 + 36)
3
= 1,026p cm3 = 0.001026p m3
Weight = Vrg = (0.001026p )(1,000)g
= 1.026pg N

Mass
Volume = _______
Density
70
____

Volume = p r2h = p (0.03)2 (0.1)

= 0.00009p m3
Weight = Vrg = (0.00009p )(800)g
= 0.072p g N

= 13,600 kg
13,600
_______

Volume = 0.4 0.3 0.2 = 0.024 m3

Weight = Vrg = (2)3(1,000)g

= 8,000g N
Q
Q. 2.

(i) Pressure = hrg = (0.11)(850)g

= 93.5g N/m2
(ii) Thrust = Pressure Area
= (93.5g)p (0.05)2
= 0.23375pg N
(iii) Weight = Vrg = p r2hrg
= p(0.05)2(0.11)(850)g
= 0.23375p g N

Q. 3.

Thrust = Pressure Area = (hrg)(pr2)

(b)

= (0.1)rg(p(0.2)2) = 0.00004prg

x
17

Weight = Vrg
1
= __ ph(R2 + Rr + r2)rg
3
1
__
= p(0.1){(0.05)2 + (0.05)(0.02)
3
+ (0.02)2}rg

17 x
p

Pressure at p = Pressure at q
x (850)g + (17 x)(13,600)g
= 17(1,000)g

= 0.00013ppg
The ratio is, therefore, 4 : 13
Q. 4.

x = 16.8 cm

(a)

Q
Q. 6. Pressure = hrg = (3)(1,000)g = 3,000g N/m2
Thrust = Pressure Area

8
p

= (3,000g)(2 2) = 12,000g N
1
(i) 2 2 h = 1 1 1 h = __ m
4
1
__
(1,000)(g) 250g N/m2
(ii) P = hrg =
4
(iii) T = P A = (250g)(4) = 1,000g N

()

Pressure at p = Pressure at q
Q
Q. 7.

h(1,000)g = 8(850)g
h = 6.8 cm
Difference = 8 6.8 = 1.2 cm
(b) Pressure under mercury = Pressure
under oil

(ii) P = hrg = (0.0225)(1,000)g

= 22.5g N/m2

h(950)g = 8(850)g

(iii) Thrust = P A = (22.5g)(p (16))

= 360p N

h = 7.16 cm
Q. 5.

Q
Q. 8.

(a)
17
q

4
(i) p R2h = __ pr3
3
4
p (16)h = __ p (27)
3
1
h = 2 __ cm = 0.0225 m
4

4
(i) pR2h = __ p r3
3
4
p(36)h = __ p (27)
3
h = 1 cm = 0.01 m
(ii) P = hrg = (0.01)(900)g = 9g N/m2
(iii) T = P A = (9g)(p (0.06)2)
= 0.0324p g N

Pressure at p = Pressure at q
h(13,600)g = 17(1,000)g
h = 1.25 cm
Difference = 17 1.25
= 15.75 cm

dyne _____________
105 Newtons
Q
Q. 9. 1 _____
=
= 0.1 N/m2
cm2
104 m2
Q. 10.
Q

(i)

Thrust = Pressure Area = (hrg)(pr2)

( )

22
= (2)(1,250)(9.8) ___ (1.4)2
7
= 150,920 N = 150.92 kN
M ______
750
3
(ii) Volume = __
r = 2,500 = 0.3 m
at x = Increase in depth
0.3
p r2x = 0.3 x = ___2
pr

 Increase in pressure = hrg =

WI
50
= ___ 5 = ___ S = 10
S
S
WI
(50)
(ii) BL = SL ___ 4 = SL____ SL = 0.8
S
S

0.3
___
(1,250)g
pr2

(i) BH

Increase in thrust = P A
0.3
= ___2 (1,250)g(pr2)
pr
= 3,675 N = 3.675 kN

2O

(iii) In liquid, SL = 0.75

BL

Exercise 9C
Q. 1.

Apparent Wt.

Bouyancy = 12 8 = 4
W
12
B = __ 4 = __ S = 3
S
S

Q. 2.

50

Apparent Wt. = 50 BL
W
Apparent Wt. = 50 SL___I
S

35%
65%

(50)
Apparent Wt. = 50 0.75 ____
S
= 46.25 N

W = Vrg

( )

Q. 8.
Q

65
B = ____ V (1,000)g = 650Vg
100

Bouyancy in oil, BL = 80 64 = 16

But B = W r = 650 S = 0.65

Q. 3.

0.9, as in the last question

Q. 4.

B = 18 15 = 3
18
W
B = __ 3 = ___ S = 6
S
S
BL = 18 16 = 2
BL = SL Bw
2
2 = SL(3) SL = __
3

Q. 5.

BL = SLBW 16 = SL(20) SL = 0.8

Q. 9.
Q

(ii) W = rVg

BH

2O

( )

= Bouyancy in water

BL = Bouyancy in liquid
WI = Immersed weight
S = Specific gravity of object
SL = Specific gravity of liquid
5 = BH

50

4 = BL

2O

46

45

AIR
50

OIL

H2O
50

m3

( )

(iii) App. Wt. = Weight Bouyancy,

WI
B = ___
S
90pg
= 90pg _____
2.5

200
W
BL = SLBW = SL __ = 13.6 ____ = 160
17
S
Apparent weight = 200 160 = 40 N
Note:

250

= 90pg N

Apparent weight = 30 4.5 = 25.5 N

Q. 7.

9p
____

9p
= 2,500 ____ g
250

W 30
(i) B = __ = ___ = 5
6
S
Apparent weight = 30 5 = 25 N

( )

4
(i) V = __ pr3
3
4
= __ p(0.3)3
3
= 0.036p m3 OR

(ii) BL = SLBW = (0.9)(5) = 4.5

Q. 6.

Bouyancy in water, BW = 80 60 = 20

= 54pg N
Q
Q. 10.

pr2h
V = ____
3
r = 0.3, h = 0.7
22 (0.3)2
(i) V = ___ _____ (0.7)
7 3
33 3
____
V=
m OR V = 0.066 m3
500
(ii) W = rVg

( )

33
= 8,000 ____ 9.8
500
= 5,174.4 N

50

(iii)

BH

2O

WI 5174.4
= ___ = _______ = 646.6
8
S

Q
Q. 3.

(i)
0.1W

App. Wt. = Weight Bouyancy

= 5174.4 646.6

BL

= 4527.6 N
Q. 11.

0.9W

Let W = the weight of the body.

Let B = Bouyancy in water.
W1 = W B

( )

W where W = weight
BL = SLBW = SL __
S
of the immersed part.

BL = SLBW Bouyancy in liquid 1 = (0.8)B

W2 = W 0.8B

5W2 4W3 = 5(W 0.8B) 4(W 0.75B)

= W B = W1 QED

Exercise 9D
Q. 1.

3
__

3
of volume under water S = __
4
3
__
r = 1,000
4
= 750

0.9W
0.99W
BL = (1.1) _____ = ______
S
S
Since it is in equilibrium
0.1W + 0.9W = BL
0.99W
W = ______
S
S = 0.99

Similarily, W3 = W 0.75B

(ii) 0.99 of its mass will be below, as in

question 2.

Q.
Q 4.

3
Its specific gravity is __, as in question 1.
4

W = Vrg
Mg

= (0.1)(750)g
= 75g

75g
B=
= 100g
= ____
3
_
S
W
__

W = 20g

B=W+T
100g = 75g + T
T = 25g
Q. 2.

Let M = the mass of the glass

BL = SLBW

Its specific gravity is 0.8, as in question 1

( )

Let V = its volume, xV = volume under

the liquid

W
= sL __
S

W = Vrg

20g
= (0.8) ____
0.75

= V(800)g

( )

xV

1
= 21__ g
3

= 800Vg

B = Mg + 20g
1
21__g = Mg + 20g
3
1
M = 1__ kg
3

B = xV(1,200)g
= 1,200xVg
Since it is in equilibrium, W = B
800Vg = 1,200xVg
2
x = __
3
1
1
__ of its mass, or 33__%, is above the
3
3
surface.

Q
Q. 5.

B = 360 330 = 30
360
W
B = __ 30 = ____
S
S
S = 12. It is lead

Q. 6.

(iii) W = 12.5g, B = 4g
W=T+B

xV

T = 12.5 4 = 8.5g
= 83.3 N
Let V = its volume,
xV = volume under the sea.

Q. 9.

(i) V = (0.1)(0.2)(0.08)
= 0.0016 m3

B = weight of liquid displaced

= (xV)(1,030)g

(ii)

W = weight of the object

= V(900)g

a
w

Since B = W,
xV(1,030)g = V(900g)
x = 0.87

M = Vr

Answer: 87%
Q. 7.

1 = 0.0016r
r = 625
625
5
S = ______ = __
1,000 8
5
__
th of its length is submerged
8
5
Depth = __ 20 = 12.5 cm
8

V = (0.8)(0.6)(0.4) = 0.192 m3

B
W

Q. 10.
Q

B = 40 35 = 5
40
W
B = __ 5 = ___ S = 8
S
S

Q. 11.
Q

Total area = (80 60) + 2(80 40)

+ 2(60 40)

W = Vrg
= (0.192)(2,500)g = 480g
B = (0.192)(1,000)g = 192g

= 16,000 cm2

B+R=W

= 1.6 m2

192g + R = 480g

40

R = 288g = 2,822.4 N
60

Q. 8.

80
T
B
W

M
(i) V = __
r
12.5
= ______
2,500
= 0.005 m3
(ii) M = Vr
= 0.005(800)
= 4 kg

Volume = 1.6 0.0015

= 0.0024 m3
Weight = Vrg
= (0.0024)(8,000)g = 19.2g
Let X = the depth of the tank in the lake.
B = weight of liquid displaced
= (0.6 0.8 X)(1,000)g = 480Xg
B=W
480Xg = 19.2g
X = 0.04 m
= 4 cm

Q. 12.

Pressure at 5 cm = hpg
= (0.05)(900)g
= 45g
Pressure at 9.5 cm = (0.05)(900)g + (0.045)(1,000)g
= 90g
Pressure at 9.5 cm = Twice pressure at 5 cm
Pressure at 3 cm = (0.03)(900)g
= 27g
5 times pressure at 3 cm = 135g
Let x = the depth (in metres)

0.05

Pressure = (0.05)(900)g + (x 0.05)(1,000)g = 135g

45g + 1,000g 50g = 135g

x = 0.14 m
= 14 cm
Q. 13.

Let A = Atmospheric pressure

Q. 15.
Q

(i)

Pressure at 14 m = 2 Pressure at 2 m

A = 10,000g

= 7,200 p g N

= 98,000 N/m2
(i)

(ii)

Thrust = P A

( 3 p(1) )(1,000)g

= (6,300g)(p(2)2)

= 25,200 p g N

2,000
= ______pg N
3
(ii)

Pressure = hrg
= (7)(900)g = 6,300g N

Bouyancy = weight of liquid

displaced
2
__

1
= __ p(2)2(6) (900)g
3

A + 14(1,000)g = 2(A + 2(1,000)g)

Q. 14.

Bouyancy = weight of displaced

liquid

(iii)

Pressure = hrg

B = Fu Fd
7,200 p g = 25,200 p g Fd

= (2)(1,000)g

Fd = 18,000 p g N

= 2,000g
Thrust = P A

Q.
Q 16.

= (2,000g)(p(1)2)
h

= 2,000pg N
(iii)

B = Fu Fd
2,000
______p g = 2,000pg Fd
3
4,000
Fd = ______ pg N
3

1
Since pr2 = __(pR2), R = 2r
4
1
Volume = __ ph{(2r)2 + (2r)r + r2}
3
7
= __ phr2
3
7
Weight = Vrg = __ phr2rg
3

(ii)

Pressure at base = hrg

Thrust = P A = (hrg)(p(2r)2)
= 4 p hr2rg
Ratio, Thrust : Weight
7
= 4phr2rg : __phr2rg
3
= 12 : 7
Q. 17.

40.01 Oil

Water 40.64

0.63 Mercury
p

()

Pressure at p = Pressure at q

1
(i) P = hrg = __ (1,000)g = 500g N/m2
2

(40.64)(1,000)g = (40.01)rg

(ii) T = P A

+ (0.63)(13,600)g

( (8 ) )
12
__

= (500g) p

r = 801.6 kg/m3
(iii)

125
= ____ p g N
16

Water 40.64

(iii) W = Vrg

h Oil

( ){( 21 ) + ( 21 )( 18 ) + ( 18 ) } (1,000)g

1 1
= __p __
3 2

__ 2

__ __

__ 2

875
= ____pg
16
Weight 7
_______ = __
T
1

Q. 18.

3
Relative density of the wood = __ = 0.75
4
50
M ____
1 3
__
___
=
Volume = r =
m
750 15

(0.64)(1,000g) = h(801.6)g
h = 50.7 cm
= 507 mm
Q. 20.
Q

3r

10g

(i)

50g

Thrust = P A = rrg(pr2) = pr3rg N

(ii)

B = 50g + 10g = 60g = Weight of liquid

1
60g = ___ rg
15
r = 60 15 = 900

Q. 19.

(i) M = rV
= 13,600

B = Vrg = (_13 pr2(3r))rg = pr3rg

B = Fu Fd
pr3rg = Fu pr3rg

( )

s = 0.9

Pressure = hrg = rrg

Fu = 2pr3rg N
Q. 21.
Q
B1

( 2 ) = 6,800 kg
1
__

= 6.8 tonnes

B2

Water

Mercury

W = Vrg = (v1 + v2)(7,800)g

= 7,800(v1 + v2)g
B1 = v1(1,000)g = 1,000v1g
B2 = v2(13,600)g = 13,600v2g

Since the body is in equilibrium

B1 + B2 = W

Q. 3.
Q

B2

1,000v1g + 13,600v2g = 7,800(v1 + v2)g

T1

3S

7W
T1 + T2 = ____
30
2 (Taking moments about the lower end)
3
9W
W
W
__
(1) + ____ (5) = __(1) + __W(5) + T2(8)
4
4
3
10
5W
T2 = ____
48
7W 5W
T1 = ____ ____
30
48
31W
= _____
240

3
1

W 9W
W 3
1 __ + ____ = T1 + __ + __W + T2
4
4
3
10

2W

()

( )

2 Taking moments about p:

2W
2
____
(3) = F(5) F = __W
5
3
W
2
__
__
=W
(ii) 1 W +
5
3S
W 3
__ = __W
3S 5
5
S = __
9
(i)

3
_
4W
9W
W
BL = SLBW = SL __ B2 = (0.9) ___
= ____
3
_
10
S

W
1 F + ___ = W
3s

Q. 2.

Water

4
1

__
W

(i)

Oil

4
W
W
BW = __ B1 = __
= __
3
_
3
S

Exercise 9E
Q. 1.

3
W
4

B1

5,800v2 = 6,800v1
v1 ___
58 ___
29
__
v2 = 68 = 34

T2

Q. 4.
Q
F

x
1
2

1
2
B

2 p

(1 x) W

2
xW

Let W = the weight of the rod.

W

2S
t
Water

2
1

_W
(ii) 1 T + _ = W
2S
2 (Taking moments about t)

3
1
(2) = T(4) T = __W B = __W
4
4
1
W
__
__
(iii) 1 W +
=W
4
2S
W 3
__ = __W
2S 4
2
S = __
3
W
__
2

Let x = the length of the submerged part.

25xW
W
xW
BW = __ B = ____ = _____
9
0.36
S
25xW
1 _____ + F = W
9
2 (Taking moments about p).
x
1x
x
(1 x)W __ + _____ = F __ + 1 x
2
2
2
1
x
(1 x)W __ = F 1 __
2
2
(1 x)W
F = ________
2x

) (
() (

Putting this result into equation 1 gives:

(1 x)W
25xW ________
_____
+
=W
9
(2 x)
9(2 x)
... Multiply by _______
W
25x(2 x) + 9(1 x) = 9(2 x)
25x2 50x + 9 = 0
(5x 1)(5x 9) = 0
9
1
x = __ m (x = __ m is too long)
5
5
Answer: 20 cm is submerged.
Q. 5.
B2
B1
T1
1

BW =

W
__
S

B1 =

Oil
Water

_
1
2W
___

W
= ___
12
6

( )

_
1
2W
W
V = 0.8 ____
BL = SLBW = SL __
= ___
s
6
15
W
W
T1 + ___ + ___ + T2 = W
12 15
51
T1 + T2 = ___ W
60

( )

(Taking moments about the lower end).

W
W
W
1 + ___(3) + T2(4) = __(1) + __(3)
2
2
15
103
T2 = ____W
240
51
103
T1 = ___W ____W
240
60
101
____
W
=
240

(i)

50
B
15

35

p
7
W
10

20
x

15
q
3W

10

Let x and y be the horizontal and

vertical components of the reaction at p,
x = 0 since no other forces act along
the vertical. Therefore, the reaction at p
is vertical. We shall henceforth call it R.
W
(ii) BW = __
S

T2

21

Q. 6.

B=

__
3
W
10
____

3W
= ____
10s

3W
1 ___ + R = W
10S
2 (Taking moments about q)
7
___
W(50) = R(65)
10
7
R = ___W
13
Putting this into equation 1 gives:
3W ___
7
___
+
W=W
10S 13
3W 6W
___ = ____
13
10S
39
___
S=
60
13
= ___
20