CHNG I: TM HIU V 3 SN PHM VoIP Tng quan v VoIP Voice over Internet Protocol - vit tt l VoIP, l 1 cng ngh

cho php truyn m thanh thi gian thc qua bng thng Internet v cc kt ni IP. Trong tn hiu m thanh (voice signal) s c chuyn i thnh cc gi d liu ( data packets) thng qua mi trng mng Internet trong mi trng VoIP , sau li c chuyn thnh tn hiu m n thit b ngi nhn. VoIP s dng cng ngh chuyn mch gi nn mi cuc thoi s khng chim trn mt ng truyn, trnh gy lng ph ng truyn nh in thoi analog thng thng. VoIP c 3 dng s dng: Computer to computer, computer to phone v phone to phone. Sau y ta s i tm hiu 3 sn phm s dng cng ngh VoIP I. 3CX Phone System: H thng in thoi 3CX chy trn Windows l mt h thng IP PBX bng phn mm thay th cho cc h thng PBX/PABX bng phn cng truyn thng. IP PBX ca 3CX c pht trin ring cho Microsoft Windows v c da trn chun SIP d dng hn trong vic qun l m cho php bn s dng bt k in thoi SIP no (phn cng hoc phn mm). Khi s dng VOIP Gateway, bn d dng kt ni ng dy in thoi hin c vi IP PBX, sn sng cho vic gi v nhn cuc gi thng qua PSTN. c im ca 3cx Phone System for Windows 1) D dng ci t v cu hnh 3CX Phone System l mt chng trnh chy trn my tnh c th tn dng li th sc mnh x l tin tin ca my tnh v giao din ngi dng ca Windows. Bt k ngi no c cht kin thc v mng my tnh v Windows u c th ci t v cu hnh PBX. Trong khi , mt h thng in thoi c quyn (sn phm ca Cisco chng hn) thng i hi ngi qun tr c o to trn h thng in thoi c th. 2) D qun l 3CX Phone System s dng giao din web cu hnh, cho php bn d dng duy tr v tinh chnh h thng in thoi. Trong khi h thng c quyn thng i km vi s tay hng dn chi cht cc lnh kh hiu. 3) Tit kim chi ph in thoi Bn c th tit kim ng k chi ph bng cch s dng mt nh cung cp dch v VOIP cho cc cuc gi ng di hoc quc t. D dng kt ni cc h thng in thoi gia cc vn phng / chi nhnh v nhn vin t xa thng qua Internet hoc WAN v thc hin cuc gi in thoi min ph. 4) Khng cn dy in thoi ring bit s dng chung mng my tnh Mt h thng in thoi VOIP cho php bn kt ni in thoi phn cng trc tip vo cng mng (m n c th chia s vi my tnh lin k). in thoi phn mm (soft phone) c th c ci t trc tip vo my tnh. iu ny c ngha l bn khng cn phi ci t v duy tr mt h thng ng dy ring bit cho h thng in thoi, to cho bn s linh hot ln hn nhiu thm users/extensions. Nu bn ang trin khai cho mt vn phng v cha ci t h thng dy in thoi, bn c th tit kim ng k bng cch ch ci t mt mng my tnh. 5) Khng s nh cung cp lock-in H thng in thoi VOIP l tiu chun m tt c cc h thng IP PBX hin i s dng giao thc SIP. iu ny c ngha l bn c th s dng hu nh bt k in thoi SIP VOIP hoc phn cng VOIP gateway. Ngc li, mt h thng in thoi c quyn thng yu cu in thoi c quyn, c thit k c bit cho h thng in thoi v cc m-un m rng c quyn thm cc tnh nng.

6) Kh nng m rng Nu nh cc h tng i thng l nhng h thng kn, rt kh thm vo nhng tnh nng th cc thit b trong mng internet thng c kh nng thm vo nhng tnh nng mi. Chnh tnh mm do mang li cho dch v in thoi IP kh nng m rng d dng hn so vi in thoi truyn thng 7) Dch v khch hng tt hn, ci thin nng sut hot ng Bi v cc cuc gi c da trn my tnh, n d dng hn nhiu cho cc nh pht trin tch hp vi cc ng dng kinh doanh. V d: cuc gi n s t ng kt ni vo d liu ca khch hng ly thng tin khch hng, nhanh chng ci thin dch v khch hng v ct gim chi ph. Cc cuc gi i c th c t trc tip t Outlook, loi b s cn thit cho ngi dng g vo s in thoi. 8) D thao tc cho ngi dng N thng rt kh s dng cc tnh nng h thng in thoi tin tin nh hi ngh, ghi m cuc gi v chuyn cuc gi trn in thoi c quyn. Vi 3CX thng qua giao din ngi dng trn nn Web portal 3CX MyPhone tt c cc hnh ng c th d dng thc hin t giao din ngi dng thn thin. 9) Nhiu tnh nng tin tin Bi v h thng in thoi 3CX da trn phn mm, n d dng hn v nhiu hn na hiu qu chi ph cho 3CX ci thin b tnh nng v hiu sut. H thng in thoi 3CX i km vi mt b tnh nng phong ph nh: auto attendant, voice mail, call queues, call conferencem, ring group v nhiu hn na. Cc ty chn ny thng rt tn km trong cc h thng s hu c quyn. 10) Kim sot tt hn thng qua bo co tt hn VOIP thit lp lu tr thng tin cuc gi trong v ngoi nc trong mt c s d liu trn my ch, cho php bo co nhanh hn rt nhiu nh chi ph cuc gi v lu lng cuc gi. 11) 3CX MyPhone gim st trng thi H thng s hu c quyn thng yu cu in thoi t tin cho php bn xem trng thi ca ngi gi v chun b gi. Vi h thng in thoi 3CX MyPhone cng thng tin ngi dng cho thy ngi dng r rng v trng thi ngi dng. Qun l c th nhn thy nhng g khch hng c phc v. 12) in thoi thng qua Smartphones 3CXPhone c sn phm phm mm client ci trn IOS, android, window phonegip ngi dng thc hin mt cuc gi VOIP ngay trn chnh in thoi ca mnh. II. Opensips 1) Gii thiu c pht trin t OpenSER sau tch lm 2 l OpenSIPS v Kamailio .OpenSIPS l mt m ngun m SIP Proxy v chng trnh chy trn nn tng Linux . 2) Tnh nng Tnh nng ni bt ca OpenSIPS l mt SIP Proxy .N lm cng vic nhn yu cu SIP, kim tra v phn loi chng, kim tra xem h c gi tr v sau truyn li n mt a im thch hp. Trc khi pht li mt yu cu, OpenSIPS c th lm thay i cc yu cu bng cch thm hoc loi b tiu v/hoc thay i a ch ch chnh ca URI Request. N c th ngn chncc yu cu khng mong mun v tr li mt p ng t chi thch hp (hoc n gin l loi b cc yu cu khng mong mun nu cch l thch hp hn) Ngoi vai tr ny nh l mt cng c nh tuyn, OpenSIPS cng c th hnh ng nh mt my ch ng k. Trong vai tr ny, n chp nhn v quy trnh ng k thnh vin yu cu gi n n theo thi gian bi cc thit b t xa. Cc yu cu ny c s dng cp nht c s d liu a im lu gi thng tin v v tr

mng v cc chi tit lin lc cho cc thit b khc nhau SIP User Agent. (A SIP User Agent hay "UA" l thut ng c s dng m t thit b SIP nh in thoi IP, softphones, IP-PBX ...). OpenSIPS sau c th tra cu chi tit trong c s d liu v tr ca n bt c khi no n cn nh tuyn mt yu cu cho mt thit b ng k. OpenSIPS l mt lp nh cung cp SIP Proxy c s dng ch yubi cc nh cung cp dch vVoIP. N c thit k x l khi lng ln cc cuc gi truyn ti, cn bng ti trong SIP, gii quyt cc gii thut NAT m rng, v x l tn hiu SIP khng nh nhng h thng khc. OpenSIPS thng c s dng khi bn c mt s nhu cu c bit, chng hn nh cn bng ti hoc khi bn ang qun l khi lng ln nh hn mt ngn ngi s dng ng k. 3) ng dng a) iu khin cuc gi : L mt ng dng mi cho OpenSIPS v s dngcng vi Call_ControlModule vcng c nh gi CDRTool qun lthi gian ca phin SIP da trn mt s tin tr trc v cng c th kim sot thi gian ca phinSIP m khng cn phi da vo ti khon tr trc . Hai chc nng trn c Call_Control iu khin bng cch s dng mt b m thi gian theo di thi gian ti a c giao v gi mt bn tin BYE c hai kt thc ca phin SIP, khi t gii hn . Call_Controll cng c th c s dng p buc ng ca phin do bn th ba. b) SIP Proxy Server Rt ph bin gia cc nh cung cpdch v in thoi, OpenSIPS cung cp mt nn tng thng tin lin lc y : Voice,Video, tin nhn tc th . OpenSIPS c th to thnh xng sng ca mt mng da trn SIP, nh chi game hoc Peer-To-Peer trao i d liu. III. Freeswich 1) Gii thiu Freeswitch l mt ng dng in thoi mm chuyn i hoc PBX c kh nng x l hng ngn cuc gi ng thi. Freeswitch c th xy dng mt softphone, h thng PBX mm chuyn i, hoc giao din vi cc h thng PBX m ngun m khc nh OpenPBX.org, Bayonne, Yate hoc Asterisk. N cng c th c s dng xy dng mt nn tng chuyn i VoIP hp nht cc cng ngh khc nhau nh SIP ,H.323,.. Freeswitch chy trn Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, * BSD, ARM..... 2) Tnh nng ca Freeswich - L b phn chuyn mch hoc nh tuyn trong VoIP. - L mt h thng IVR, mt h thng tr li in thoi c in ton ha, n hng dn mi ngi gi n nng chn la ca h bng cch bm s theo mu. - ng vai tr l mt tng i ni b hoc l sever trong hi ngh a im. - iu khin cc phin lm vic gia cc user - ng k y nhim - C kh nng m rng - M ha ln n 48KHz - M ha thoi bng SRTP v thit lp cuc gi bng TLS 3) ng dng

- Voice mail - Multi-party conferencing - The FreeSWITCH API (FSAPI) - The XML registry Ta gii thiu tng qut v tng i 3CX Phone, sang chng 2 s trnh by vic trin khai h thng 3CX Phone CHNG 2: XY DNG H THNG VOIP TRN NN 3CX I. Xy dng h thng Mc ch: to ra 1 h thng mng in thoi lin lc vi nhau thng qua giao thc SIP Cc phn mm v thit b cn thit - Phn mm 3CX phone system - Softphone (3CX phone hoc Xlite) - My tnh c nhn (PC): Bao gm 1 headphone, 1 phn mm v 1 kt ni Internet. - in thoi truyn thng vi IP adapter: s dng dch v VoIP th my in thoi thng dng phi gn vi 1 IP adapter c th kt ni vi VoIP server. Adapter l 1 thit b c t nht 1 cng RJ11 ( gn vi in thoi), RJ45 ( gn vi ng truyn Internet hay PSTN) v 1 cng cm ngun. - IP phone: L cc in thoi dng ring cho mng VoIP. Cc IP phone khng cn VoIP Adapter bi chng c tch hp sn bn trong c th kt ni trc tipvi cc VoIP server II. Ci t phn mm: Yu cu h thng 3CX Phone System dnh cho h iu hnh Windows, i hi cc yu cu sau y: o Windows 7, server 2008, server 2008 R2 o Windows 8 and Windows server 2012 o Khng h tr ci t Windows server Core o Port 5060 (SIP), 5090 (ty chn cho tunnel) s c m. o Port 5480-5488 ang trng, cha c ng dng no ang dng. o .NET Framework version 4 hoc cao hn o 1 Gigabyte RAM, Pentium 4 hoc cao hn o Internet explorer v8, Firefox 2 hoc cao hn o Nu mun s dng 3CX Phone System nh l mt nh cung cp dch v thoi th phi c a ch IP tnh, khng h tr Dynamic DNS o Trnh duyt internet Explorer, Firefox hoc Chrome o 3CX h tr VoIP Phone v Gateways o 3CX h tr nh cung cp VoIP v SIP trunks

Run set-up Chy file setup tin hnh ci t.

Bn c yu cu chp nhn nhng quy nh v license. 3CX Phone System yu cu b nh ti thiu 200MB, cn thm b nh lu tr voice mail v thng tin user.

Chn ni ci t, bm Next.

Bn c hai la chn, mt l s dng IIS, hai l xy dng li mt web server mi (nn chn ci ny).

C s dng HTTPS hay khng? (32bit khng c la chn ny)

Click Install bt u ci t, qu trnh ci t kt thc, bm nt Finish.

Wizard ny gip chng ta cu hnh cho 3CX Phone System d dng hn, nhanh chng hn. Ngay c nhng bn cha bit g v h thng vn c th cu hnh c. Ngay khi ci t xong th wizard ny s t khi ng trc. Chn ngn ng s dng, mc nh l English.

Nu bn s dng 3CX Phone System cung cp dch v VoIP th cn phi c mt Ip public. Nhp ip public trong a ch bc ny.

La chn to mi 3CX hoc phc hi t h thng 3CX c, y ci mi nn chn Create New 3CX

Chn di ca s digits.

Thit lp cho voice mail, yu cu phi c h thng mail server trc. Do bc ny chng ta Next qua lun.

Nhp mt khu cho qun tr vin, vi username ca qun tr s l admin.

Thm s extension, l s in thoi ca ngi dng. Bm nt add tin hnh thm s.

Trong cn lu cc thng s sau: Extension Number : s ca ngi dng, v d :119 Authentication ID : m dng xc thc, v d: 119 (nn chn trng vi extension number) Authentication Password: mt khu dng xc thc, v d: conghuu99 Voice mail PIN: mt khu dng nghe voice mail, v d: 7021 To thm 2 extension khc l 100 v 200.

Chn quc gia

Chn extension ng vai tr Operator, c th b qua bc ny.

Chn vng quc t

Nu mun cu hnh cho 3CX kt ni vi PSTN hoc h thng VoIP khc th cu hnh thm VoIP Provider y, tm thi b qua bc ny.

Sau cng nu cn ng k bn quyn th nhp thng tin ng k ti y. Chng ta ang mun s dng Free nn b qua bc ny.

H thng t cu hnh cc bc, bm Finish hon tt. Vo trnh duyt g vo a ch http://localhost:5000/management vo trang qun tr. ng nhp bng ti khon admin to bc trc. y l giao din ca chng trnh qun l. Bn thy y c 3 s extension ng k v status hin ti l Not Registered

CI T SIP PHONE V THIT LP CUC GI: Phn trn bn to 2 s extention, v bn phi nh thng tin ca n bao gm: Extention Number, Authentication Password ,Authentication ID Softphone m chng ta s dng l sn phm ca 3CX l 3CXPhone for Windows. Sau khi ci t xong, cn phi cu hnh cho n ging extension to. Chn setting, bm Configure Account, chn New Account (hoc Edit sa cu hnh c). Bn thng s quan trng cn cu hnh l Extension, ID, Password v a ch ca PBX server.

Nu ng k thnh cng, chng ta thy trng thi On Hook trn 3CX Phone, v trng thi Regisreted trn 3CX PS.

By gi chng ta c th gi in t s 100 n s 119 hoc cc s khc.

Lu l 2 ip phone phi c ci trn 2 pc khc nhau, hoc bn s dng 2 ip phone l 2 sn phm khc nhau. ***Chuyn tip cuc gi khi ang trng thi sn sng: Nu tnh trng ca bn c thit lp Available, cuc gi c th c iu hng khc nhau cho d bn ang trn in thoi hoc ch n gin l khng th tr li cuc gi (no answer). Trong phn Add Extension, chn qua tab Forwarding Rule, chn tip Available. Ti y chng ta c 3 thit lp chnh: No Answer: thit lp chuyn tip cuc gi khi khng c tr li. Phone is busy: chuyn tip cuc gi khi ngi dng ang bn. Ring My Phone.: chuyn tip cng lc vi in thoi ang reo cu hnh nhng g 3CX nn lm g khi bn khng th tr li cuc gi: Trc tin, bn cn phi xc nh nhng g to nn No Answer . pha trn, ch nh thi gian trong vi giy m bn mun h thng ch i trc khi xem xt cuc gi cha c tr li.

By gi hy chn mt trong cc ty chn sau y: Gi cuc gi n Voice Mail. Gi cuc gi n s in thoi di ng. Gi li gi n mt extension khc.

*** Tnh nng Ring groups (khng c trn phin bn FREE): Ring groups l chc nng chung trn mt nhm extension. V d khi c ai gi n s 800 l s ca phng chm sc khch hng, th tt c cc in thoi ca nhn vin trong phng chm sc khch hng s chung ng lot, cho n khi c mt user nhc my nhn cuc gi ny.

Hnh nh mang tnh cht minh ha 1. Trong giao din qun l, bn vo Add > Ring group. 2. Nhp tn cho group ny, v quan trng nht l Virtual machine number l s i din cho nhm ny. 3. Ty chn Ring Strategycho php ch nh cch thc chung 1. Ring All: chung ng lot cho tt c cc extension 2. Prioritized Hunt: chung cho extension u tin, sau nu khng nhc my th n s chuyn qua extension tip theo. 3. Trong khu vc Ring Group Member, bn ch nh cc extension s tham gia vo group ny. Khu vc Destination if no answer, cu hnh thm hnh ng khi tt c cc extension trong group khng c ai tr li cuc gi ny. CHNG 3: PHN TCH BN TIN BO HIU bt c cc bn tin SIP khi cc thu bao thc hin cuc gi vi nhau, ta cn phi ci thm phn mm Wireshark. y ta ch bt gi v phn tch bn tin khi thc hin chc nng chuyn cuc gi gia cc thu bao vi nhau. Di y l kt qu m Wireshark bt c khi thc hin cuc gi t thu bao 100 gi n thu bao 119 v chuyn hng sang thu bao 200 khi vt qu thi gian ch l 4s:

Qu trnh trao i bn tin

Cc gi tin SIP Gi th nht: Thu bao 100(IOS) (192.168.160.101) gi ti tng i (192.168.160.1) bn tin INVITE ti thi im 3,0381s mi s 119 tham gia cuc gi

Gi th 2: Tng i gi bn tin 407 xc thc yu cu

Gi th 3: Thu bao 100(IOS) gi bn tin ACK n tng i xc nhn bn tin.

Gi th 4: thu bao 100(IOS) gi bn tin INVITE n thu bao 119 ti thi im 3,2837s

Gi th 5: Bn tin Trying m 100 cho bit server ang c gng thc hin cuc gi t s 100(IOS) n s 119

Gi th 6: Bn tin 180 Ringing cho bit thu bao 119 ang chung ti thi im 3,4962s

Gi th 7: Tng i gi bn tin INVITE n thu bao 200 ti thi im 7,5013s (v qu thi gian 4s k t lc bt u gi, nn thu bao chuyn hng qua s 200)

Gi th 8: Thu bao 200 gi bn tin Trying m 100 n tng i cho bit ang c gng kt ni cuc gi t s 100(IOS)

Gi th 9: Thu bao 200 gi bn tin 180 Ringing n tng i cho bit thu bao 200 ang chung ti thi im 7,6529s

Gi th 10: Thu bao 200 gi bn tin 200 OK cho bit chp nhn cuc gi ti thi im 12,3858s

Gi th 11: Tng i gi bn tin ACK n thu bao 200 xc nhn bn tin 200 OK

Gi th 12: Tng i gi bn tin 200 OK n thu bao 100(IOS) thng bo s 200 chp nhn cuc gi

Gi th 13: Thu bao 100(IOS) gi bn tin ACK n tng i xc nhn bn tin 200 OK ti thi im 12,5089s

Gi th 14: Thu bao 100(IOS) gi bn tin BYE n tng i kt thc cuc gi ti thi im 12,5089s

Gi th 15: Tng i gi bn tin 200 OK n thu bao 100(IOS) xc nhn ng cho kt thc cuc gi

Gi th 16: Tng i gi bn tin BYE n thu bao 200 kt thc cuc gi

Gi th 17: Thu bao 200 gi bn tin 200 OK n tng i xc nhn kt thc cuc gi

 ngha cc trng trong bn tin From: Thng l AOR(Address of Record) ca ngi gi. To: M t ngi nhn ca bn tin SIP, AOR ca ngi nhn. Vi chc nng forward hay redirect thi y khng phi l a ch ngi nhn. Trng ny ging trng From. Call ID: nh ngha series ca bn tin SIP. Call- ID phi c xc nh trong mi bn tin SIP c gi bi tt c cc UA trong mt dialog. Cseq: Cha mt gi tr nguyn v tn phng thc. Trng ny dng xc nh, sp xp, nh du chui SIP request trong mt dialog. Cseq c th khc nhau gia bn tin c truyn li v truyn mi. Via: Xc nh ng i c ch ra request v cc response s c gi. Contact: Cha SIP hoc SIPS URI ca UA mun nhn c SIP request mi. Allow: Lit k tp cc phng thc SIP c h tr bi UA. Supported: Lit k tp cc phn m rng ca SIP h tr bi UA. Require: Trng ny rt ging nh trng Supported nhng l ca cc UA xa cn thit cho mt transaction c x l. Content-Type: Kiu ca phn thn ca bn tin SIP (nu c phn thn) Content-Length: Kch thc ca phn thn bn tin SIP. Trng ny l bt buc khi bn tin SIP c truyn trn TCP. Di y s phn tch ni dung ca 1 bn tin INVITE:

Via: cho bit giao thc truyn l SIP phin bn 2.0 chy trn cc giao thc UDP, ng i ca gi qua a ch 192.168.160.101 cng gi l 5077 Contact: l a ch URL ca user ny trong qu trnh gi To: SIP n a ch 119@192.168.160.1 From: t a ch 100@192.168.160.1, s nhn dng cuc gi ID, tt c cc bn tin ng k i vi mt client nn s dng cng mt gi tr Call -ID. V user ng k cho bn thn mnh nn vng From v To ging nhau. Nu mt user ng k nhn danh mt user khc th 2 vng ny s khc nhau Cseq: s th t 1, s ny tng mt n v trong cc bn tin yu cu lin tip, loi bn tin REGISTER. S th t trong bn tin p ng phi ging trong bn tin yu cu.