TRNG I HC BCH KHOA H NI

VIN IN T VIN THNG

BO CO BI TP LN
MN C S TRUYN S LIU
BI S 6
GING VIN HNG DN:

TS PHM VN TIN

NHM SINH VIN THC HIN: NHM S 6

Nguyn Hu Ha
L Minh Thao

(TN)

MSSV: 20101558
MSSV: 20092399

Lng Vn Thnh

MSSV: 20096355

L Danh Thnh

MSSV: 20092415

MC LC
1.

bi v yu cu ...................................................................................3

2.

Phn tch yu cu ,lp k hoch,phn cng cng vic ...........................4

2.1.

Phn tch yu cu ...........................................................................4

2.2.

xut phng n gii quyt..........................................................4

2.3.

Lp k hoch ...................................................................................4

2.4.
3.

4.

Phn cng nhim v ........................................................................5

L thuyt chung ..........................................................................................5
3.1.

Cc giao thc truyn dn..................................................................5

3.2.

Cc phng thc nh tuyn............................................................6

3.3.

Cng c AWK..................................................................................7

3.4.

Cng c XGRAPH ..........................................................................7

3.5.

Kh thng ti node.......................................................................8

3.6.

Tr truyn thng ..............................................................................8

Kt qu m phng v nhn xt...................................................................13

Mt s hnh nh m phng..............................................................13
Nhn xt kt qu m phng............................................................15
Kt Lun.....................................................................................................16
4.1.
4.2.

5.

5.1.

Ti liu tham
kho..18

1. bi v yu cu
Cho mng thng tin c cu hnh nh Hnh 6. Cc nt s1 v s2 tng ng to ra
cc ngun lu lng tcp1 v tcp2 gi gi tin tng ng n cc nt d1 v d2 da
trn giao thc truyn TCP. Cc gi c pht sinh gi ti cc ngun ny mt cch
u n vi tc tng ng l 800 v 900 gi/s, chiu di gi l 1200byte.
Nt s2 cn c ngun lu lng UDP pht ra cc gi gi ti nt d2 vi
chiu di l 1024byte, s lng gi tun theo phn b Poisson, tc 500 gi/s.
Cc hng i gn vi cc lin kt s dng c ch SFQ.
1. Vit kch bn v chy m phng h thng thng tin ni trn trong khong thi
gian khng ngn
hn 5 pht.
2. Thu thp v v th cc s liu biu din kh thng ti cc giao din ca cc
nt.

3. Trong mt phin chy m phng, gi thit c sau 20s tc gi ca

mi lung li tng ln
25%, hy thu thp v v th biu din thay i ca tr gi tin trn mi lung.
4. Thay i tc gi ca lung UDP ri lm li cc thao tc trong mc 2. Nhn
xt kt qu thu c
3

2.Phn tch yu cu, lp k hoch v phn cng cng vic

2.1 .Phn tch yu cu
Yu cu chung : ci t ubuntu , ci t ns2 , tm hiu cc thao tc c bn trn h
iu hnh m ngun m, cc m phng c bn ca ns2 .
Yu cu bi :
-

To c m hnh mng thng tin trn ns2

Tm hiu v cc giao thc truyn thng TCP, UDP

Cc hm, th tc c th thay i gi tr 1 thng s no trong mng

Tm hiu v cng c x l s liu AWK v XGRAPH v th trn ns2

Tm hiu v nh tuyn

2.2. xut phng n gii quyt

-

Phn 2 : Tnh tng lu lng truyn qua cc node trong khong thi gian ly
mu trung bnh l 0.5s

Phn 3 :
+ tng tc gi tng lung : dng 1 th tc v c sau 20 giy th th
tc c gi li 1 ln vi gi tr u vo l tc gi ca lung c
thay i
+ Tnh tr : to ra cc mng lu thi gian gi, thi gian nhn ca tng gi,
sau tr i nhau s suy ra tr ca mi gi.

Phn 4 :
Thay i tc gi lung UDP v lm tng t cu 2 .

2.3. Lp k hoch
-

Bi tp ln s thc hin trong vng 8 tun (bt u t tun 5 v kt thc vo

tun 12)

Tun 1: Ci t ubuntu v ns2, tm hiu cc thao tc lm vic n gin trn

ubuntu, bu trng nhm v xy dng k hoch thc hin bi tp ln.

Tun 2: Thc hin m phng 1 s h thng thng tin n gin trn ns2, tham
kho trn trang http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/tutorial/
4

Tun 3: Code m hnh mng thng tin ca bi s 6

Tun 4: Tm cch gn cc lung d liu vo cc node v truyn nh yu cu

bi

Tun 5, 6: Thu thp c s liu v kh thng, tr truyn thng ca mng

v th t s liu thu thp c.

Tun 7,8: Kim tra li code, vit bo co, chun b bo v

2.4. Phn cng cng vic

-

Cng vic chung: tt c cc thnh vin trong nhm u phi ci t ubuntu v

m phng c cc h thng n gin, tm cc ti liu lin quan trn mng,
bo co cng vic mnh lm c hng tun i vi cc bn cn li trong
nhm, hp nhm nh k 1 tun 2 ln vo cui mi bui hc v sng th 7
hng tun.

c Hng-Huy Hng : Tm hiu v UDP(CBR) v TCP(CBR).Tr truyn

thng ca gi trong lung ,tm hiu NAM

Khc Huy-Ngc Hng : Tm hiu XGRAPH ,giao thc TCP,UDP trong m

hnh OSI v cc phng thc nh tuyn trong NS2

Quang Hoa-Vit Hong : Tm hiu tr truyn thng v t l mt gi tm hiu v

cng c AWK,XGRAPH

Nguyn Hu Ha : Chu trch nhim qun l chung ,tm hiu cng c AWK
,XGRAPH

3. L thuyt chung
3.1 .Cc giao thc truyn dn
Giao thc TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) hay cn c gi l giao thc
iu khin truyn vn, l mt trong cc giao thc ct li ca b giao thc TCP/IP, cho
php truyn d liu mt cch tin cy v ng th t gia hai my tnh bt k da trn
phng php iu khin lung theo ca s trt trong pha pht c php pht lin
tc nhiu gi. Cc ng dng s dng TCP chuyn cc d liu qua mng, TCP phn chia
dng byte ny thnh cc on (cc segment) v kim tra m bo khng c gi tin no

b tht lc bng cch nh s th t cho mi gi m bo gi tin c truyn ng

theo th t, nu gi tin b mt th n s c truyn li cho n khi pha thu nhn c.
Giao thc UDP (User Datagram Protocol) hay cn gi l giao thc gi ngi dng
l mt trong nhng giao thc ct li ca giao thc TCP/IP, cho php ngi dng c th
gi nhng d liu ngn c gi l datagram t my tnh ny n my tnh khc. UDP
khng m bo s tin cy v th t truyn nhn, cc gi d liu c th n khng ng
th t hoc b mt m khng c thng bo. Tuy nhin, UDP nhanh v hiu qu hn i
vi nhng mc tiu nh kch thc nh v yu cu kht khe v thi gian, giao thc ny
hu dng i vi vic tr li cc truy vn vi s lng ln ngi yu cu.
3.2.

Cc phng thc nh tuyn

NS2 thc thi ba chnh sch nh tuyn: static routing (nh tuyn tnh), session

routing (nh tuyn phin), DV routing (nh tuyn vc t khong cch) v Link-state
(trng thi lin kt).
Dng phng thc rtproto trong lp Simulator xc nh chnh sch nh tuyn
c dng.
o

$ns rtproto <type>

type: Static, Session, DV, cost, multicast-path, LS.

-Link-state : s dng thut ton SPF (shortest path first) cp nht cc thng tin v c ch
nh tuyn cho cc node trn h thng mng. Mi node s gi bng m t trng thi ca
cc lin kt ring ca mnh ln mng. Ch cc thay i mi c gi i. u im l tc
cao, khng chim dng bng thng nhiu nh thut ton DV tuy nhin thc hin phc
tp. i vi m hnh ln thut ton ny c th lm tng tr truyn gi tin.
- Distance vector : (cn gi l thut ton Bellman-Ford) gi bng nh tuyn ti cc node
ln cn theo mt chu k nht nh. u im l d thc hin, d kim tra. Tuy nhin thi
gian cp nht lu, chim dng bng thng ln trn mng.

- Static routing : Phng thc tnh ton nh tuyn Static l phng thc tnh ton ng
truyn mc nh trong NS-2. Phng thc ny s dng thut ton SPF. Thut ton tnh
ng truyn chy chnh xc mt ln ti lc khi ng m phng. Khi cu trc mng
thay i phi cp nht li, do ch thch hp trong h thng n gin, c kt ni n v
ng truyn d liu c xc nh trc.
- Session: S dng thut ton SPF tnh ton ti u ng truyn, bng nh tuyn s
c cp nht ngay lp tc khi topo mng c s thay i.
3.3. Cng c AWK
AWK l cng c c sn trong UBUNTU dng x l d liu dng text

(tracefile)
Mi dng text trong file text c x l l 1 bn ghi,mi trng trong

file l 1 ct.$1 $2 . Tng ng vi ct 1 ct 2 .

AWK c th x l c cu trc If-Else ,cc vng lp for() ,nh AWK

chng ta khng phi s dng cc thut ton nh trong C ,C++ x l

file di dng text
Cu trc file.awk

BEGIN( [Khi to cc bin] ;)

{
Cc cu lnh....;
}
END{[cu lnh]};
S dng AWK s l s liu :
Awk -f file_lenh.awk file_nguon >file_dich
Vd .

AWK f delay_2.awk Tracefile >delay_2.dat

AWK s x l file ngun (Tracefile) ri xut ra file ch (delay_2.dat)

trong thut ton ca file.awk c x l cc trng trong file.dat v xut ra file delay_2.dat
file ny sau c dng v th vi XGRAPH
3.4. Cng c XGRAPH
XGRAPH l mt cng c c cung cp bi ns2 dng v th ,to ra

cc nh
XGRAPH c gi ngay trong kch bn TCL nn s c gi sau khi qua

trnh m phng kt thc

u vo XGRAPH c th c nhiu ngun khc nhau ,chng s t x l cc

ngun ny.XGPRAPH s v th da vo file ch ( to ra khi gi

AWK) da trn 2 trng c gi trong hm awk (tng ng vi trc x
v y)
`Mt s la chn khi s dng Xgraph :

Title : -t ten_do_thi

Kch thc : -geometry xsize x ysize

Tiu cho cc trc : -x xtitle y ytitle

Mu ca ch v li v

Mu nn bg

3.5. Kh thng ti node

Tnh kh thng ti tng node ca tng lung trong khong thi gian ly mu
l 0.5s bng cch cng dn trng dung lng ($6) trong Tracefile trong khong
thi gian 0.5s ri chia trung bnh
3.6. Tr truyn thng
Tr truyn thng ca 1 lung c tnh l khong thi gian 1 gi d liu
c tip nhn node ngun cho ti khi node ch nhn c
Thi im gi d liu nhn node ngun l c s kin + ti node
Thi im node ch nhn c gi d liu l s kin r node ch
8

Time Delay = time_event(r) time_event(+)

4. Kt qu m phng v nhn xt

4.1 Mt

s hnh nh m phng

H1. th kh thng ti node 2 ca cc lung

H2. th kh thng ti node d2
H3. th tr truyn thng lung 2
(TCP2)

H4. th tr truyn thng lung 3 (UDP)

4
.
2
N
h

n
x

t
k

t qu m phng
Nhn vo th kh thng ca cc lung ti tng node ta thy lung 1 kh

thng ti cc node kh n nh cn lung 2 c s thay i mnh khi ti thi

im 20s ta cho khi ng lung UDP ,gn nh lung tcp2 (gi t node S1
ti node d2) kh thng ti cc node rt thp do b lung UDP gn nh
chim ht bang thng trn ng truyn
Da vo th tr truyn thng ta c nhn xt tuy tc gi ca lung

TCP1 v TCP2 c tng ln sau nh th 20s (tang 25%) nhng gn nh trn

thi ta khng thy c s thay i nhiu ca tr truyn thng ca cc lung
ny ??(c th do gii hn bng thng ng truyn nn mc d tang c th
n vt qua bng thng ng truyn nn gn nh k c s thay i ca tr
??)
10

 th tr truyn thng ca lung TCP2 tng vt sau khi lung UDP start

ti thi im 20s , tr truyn thng ca lung UDP (tc gi tun theo

phn b Possoin) kh cao
Trong Phn 4 ,ta thy khi ta tng tc gi ca lung UDP ln 600(trc l

500) ta thy kh thng ca lung UDP ti cc node 3 ,v node 5 nh hn so

vi trc khi tng (nguyn nhn c th do khi tng tc gi ca lung
,lm cho cc gi ti hng i nhanh v nhiu gy nn hin tng ri gi
,mt gi lm cho kh dung lng qua node 3 ,5 c th gim)

5. Kt Lun
Kt lun
Mn c s truyn s liu l mt trong nhng mn quan trng trong chuyn ngnh
in t vin thng. N cung cp nhng kin thc c bn cho cc sinh vin v mng thng
tin, cc giao thc truyn, gi gi tin Thng qua bi tp di, chng em c lm
quen vi mt cng c h tr m phng mng rt hu hiu l NS2, c lm quen vi h
iu hnh m ngun m ang ngy mt tr nn ph bin l Linux.
Mc d rt c gng nhng chc chn bi lm ca chng em vn cn rt nhiu
thiu st. Nhm chng em mong Thy cho chng em kin nh gi phn bi lm ca
chng em tr nn hon thin hn .
Li cui ,Chng em knh chc thy sc khe, cng tc tt v gt hi c nhiu
thnh cng trong cuc sng.

11

Ti liu tham kho

1. Slide bi ging C s mng thng tin ca Thy Phm Vn Tin
2. Ti liu tham kho NS2 (Ns2_manual, Introduction to Network Simulator NS2

Teerawat Issariyakul)
3. Ti liu hng dn NS2 http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/tutorial/

12