CNG N TP THI GIA K

I) L thuyt:
Chng 1: NGUYN T
1.1 Chn cu pht biu ng:
A. Ht nhn nguyn t cu to bi cc ht ntron.
B. Ht nhn nguyn t cu to bi cc ht proton.
C. Ht nhn nguyn t cu to bi cc ht ntron mang in dng v cc ht proton khng mang in.

D. Ht nhn nguyn t cu to bi cc ht proton mang in dng v cc ht ntron khng mang in.

1.2 Tm cu pht biu sai :
A. Trong mt nguyn t, s proton lun lun bng s electron v bng s n v in tch ht nhn.
B. S n v in tch dng trong nhn bng s n v in tch m trn v nguyn t.

C. Tng s proton v electron c gi l s khi.

D. ng v l cc nguyn t c cng s proton nhng khc nhau v s ntron .
1.3 Tm cu pht biu khng ng khi ni v nguyn t :
A. Nguyn t l thnh phn nh b nht ca cht , khng b chia nh trong cc phn ng ha hc .
B. Nguyn t l mt h trung ha in tch.

C. Trong nguyn t, nu bit in tch ht nhn c th suy ra s proton, ntron, electron trong nguyn t y.
D. Mt nguyn t ha hc c th c nhng nguyn t vi khi lng khc nhau .
1.4 Trong nguyn t , ta s bit s p, n, e nu :
A. Bit s p v e.
B. Bit s p v n. C. Bit s e v n.
D. Bit s Z v A.
A
1..5 K hiu nguyn t Z X cho ta bit nhng g v nguyn t ha hc X? Hy chn p n ng :
A. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca nguyn t.
B. S hiu nguyn t X
C. S khi ca nguyn t X.
D. S proton, s ntron v s electron trong nguyn t.
1.6 nh ngha no sau y v nguyn t ha hc l ng ?
Nguyn t ha hc l nhng nguyn t :
A. c cng in tch ht nhn.
B. c cng nguyn t khi.
C. c cng s ntron.
D. c cng s khi.
1.7 Trong nguyn t , ta s bit s p, n, e nu :
A. Bit s p v e.
B. Bit s p v n.
C. Bit s e v n.
D. Bit s Z v A.
1.6 Chn cu ng khi ni v s khi ca nguyn t :
A. S khi l khi lng ca mt nguyn t .
B. S khi l tng s ht proton v ntron.
C. S khi mang in dng .
D. S khi c th khng nguyn.
1.7 S hiu nguyn t c trng cho mt nguyn t ha hc v n :
A. l in tch ht nhn ca mt nguyn t ha hc.
B. l k hiu ca mt nguyn t ha hc .
C. cho bit tnh cht ca mt nguyn t ha hc
D. l tng s proton v ntron trong nhn.
1.8 Mnh no sau y ng khi ni v nguyn t nit :
A. Ch c ht nhn nguyn t nit mi c 7 ntron.
B. Ch c ht nhn nguyn t nit mi c 7 proton.
C. Ch c ht nhn nguyn t nit mi c s proton = s ntron.
D. Ch c nguyn t nit mi c s khi = 14.
1.9 Khi ni v s khi, iu no sau y lun lun ng ?
A. Trong nguyn t, s khi bng tng khi lng cc ht proton v ntron.

B. Trong nguyn t, s khi bng tng s cc ht proton v ntron.

C. Trong nguyn t, s khi bng nguyn t khi.
D. Trong nguyn t, s khi bng tng s cc ht proton, ntron v electron.
1.10 Nguyn t ha hc l nhng nguyn t c cng :
A. s khi.
B. s ntron.
C. s proton.
D. s ntron v proton
1.11 K hiu nguyn t biu th y c trng cho nguyn t ca mt nguyn t ha hc v n cho bit :
A. s khi A.
B. nguyn t khi ca nguyn t
C. s hiu nguyn t Z .
D. s khi A v s n v in tch ht nhn.
1.12 Tng s p, n, e trong nguyn t ca nguyn t X l 10. S khi ca nguyn t nguyn t X bng :
A. 3
B. 4.
C. 6.
D. 7.
1.13 Nguyn t l phn t nh nht ca cht:
A. khng mang in.
B. mang in tch dng. C. mang in tch m. D. c th mang in hoc khng mang in.
1.14 Nguyn t no trong s cc nguyn t sau y cha 8 proton, 8 electron v 8 ntron ?
16
17
18
17
A. 8 O .
B. 8 O .
C. 8 O
D. 9 F
1.15 Cc ng v ca cng mt nguyn t ha hc c phn bit bi i lng no sau y :
A. S ntron.
B. S electron ha tr.
C. S proton.
D. S lp electron.

1.16 Chn nh ngha ng v ng v :

A. ng v l nhng nguyn t c cng s khi.
B. ng v l nhng nguyn t c cng in tch ht nhn.
C. ng v l nhng nguyn t c cng in tch ht nhn v cng s khi.

D. ng v l nhng nguyn t c cng s proton, khc nhau s ntron.

35
37
3.2 Nguyn t clo c 2 k hiu : 17 Cl v 17 Cl . Tm cu tr li sai :
A. l hai ng v ca nhau .
B. l hai nguyn t c cng s electron.

C. l hai nguyn t c cng s ntron.

D. Hai nguyn t trn c cng mt s hiu nguyn t .
1.18 S proton ca O, H, C, Al ln lt l 8, 1, 6, 13 v s ntron ln lt l 8, 0, 6, 14 ; xt xem k hiu no sau y sai ?
12
16
27
A. 6 C
B. 8 O
C. 12 H
D. 13 Al
23
23
1.19 Cho 2 k hiu nguyn t : 11
Na v 12
Mg
Chn cu tr li ng :
A. Na v Mg cng c 23 electron .
B. Na v Mg c cng in tch ht nhn .
C. Na v mg l ng v ca nhau.
D. Ht nhn ca Na v Mg u c 23 ht.
1.21 Mt nguyn t c tng s ht l 40 ht, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 12 ht.Vy
nguyn t l
A. Ca.
B. Mg.
C. Al
D. Na
1.22 Trong nguyn t X tng s cc ht c bn (e, p, n) l 115. S ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 25.
Nguyn t X l:
80
79
56
65
A. 35 Br ; B. 35 Br ; C. 26 Fe ; D. 30 Zn
10
11
11
1.23 Khi lng nguyn t Bo l 10,81. Bo gm 2 ng v: 5 B v 5 B . % ng v 5 B trong axit H3BO3 l:
A. 15% ;
B. 14% ; C. 14,51% ; D. 14,16%
1.24 Nguyn t nguyn t X c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 52; c s khi l 35. in tch ht nhn ca X l:
A. 18
;
C. 24; B. 17;
D. 25
1.25 Nguyn t X c 9 proton, 9 electron v 10 ntron . Nguyn t Y c 10 proton, 10 electron v 9 ntron. Nh vy c th kt
lun rng
A. Nguyn t X v Y l nhng ng v ca cng mt nguyn t.
B. Nguyn t X c khi lng ln hn nguyn t Y.

C. Nguyn t X v Y c cng s khi .

D. Nguyn t X v Y c cng s hiu nguyn t .
1.26 Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca nguyn t ng l 63,54 u. Nguyn t ng c 2 ng v bn trong t nhin l
65
Cu . T l phn trm ca ng v 63Cu trong t nhin l :
A. 73%.
B. 50%.
C. 25%.
D. 90%.
86
1.27 Cho nguyn t : 37 Rb . Tng s ht proton v ntron l bao nhiu :
A. 37.
B. 49.
C. 86.
D. 123.
1.28Hai ng v ca nguyn t X khc nhau v:
A. S khi ca ht nhn .
B. S hiu ca nguyn t .
C. S electron trong nguyn t .
D. S proton trong ht nhn
1.29Trong nguyn t hidro, electron thng c tm thy :
A. trong ht nhn nguyn t.

63

Cu v

B. bn ngoi ht nhn, song gn ht nhn v electron b ht bi ht proton.

C. bn ngoi ht nhn v thng xa ht nhn, v th tch nguyn t l my electron ca nguyn t .
D. c bn trong v bn ngoi ht nhn, v electron lun c tm thy bt k ch no trong nguyn t.

1.30Mt nguyn t M c 75 electron v 110 ntron. K hiu ca nguyn t M l:

185
75
110
75
A. 75 M
B. 185 M
C. 75 M
D. 110 M
1.31 nguyn t no trong c nguyn t sau y cha ng thi 20 ntron, 19 proton v 19 electron ?
37
39
40
40
A. 17 Cl
B. 19 K
C. 18 Ar
D. 19 K
1.32Yu t cho bit ti tnh cht ha hc c bn ca 1 nguyn t l :
A. in tch ht nhn .
B. S electron ha tr.
C. S electron lp trong cng .
D. Ton b s electron lp v nguyn t .
1.33Cc electron ca nguyn t nguyn t X c phn b trn 3 lp, lp th ba c 6 electron. S n v in tch ht nhn ca
nguyn t nguyn t X l con s no sau y ?

A. 6.
B. 8.
C. 14.
D. 16.
1.34 Chn cu tr li ng khi ni v electron trong cc lp hay phn lp:
A. Cc electron c mc nng lng bng nhau c xp vo mt lp .
B. Cc electron c mc nng lng gn bng nhau c xp vo mt phn lp .
C. Lp th n c 2n phn lp .

D. Lp th n c ti a 2n2 electron.
1.35 Cc electron ca nguyn t nguyn t X c phn b trn 3 lp, lp th 3 c 7 electron. S n v in tch ht nhn ca
nguyn t nguyn t X l con s no sau y ?
A. 7.
B. 9.
C. 15.
D. 17.
1.36 Dy no trong cc dy sau y gm cc phn lp electron bo ha?
A. s1 , p3, d7, f12
B. s2, p6, d10, f14
C. s2, d5, d9, f13
D. s2, p4, d10, f10
16
1.37 Nguyn t 8 O c s electron c phn b trn cc lp l :
A. 2, 4, 2.
B. 2, 8, 6.
C. 2, 6.
D. 2, 8, 4, 2.
7
1.38 T k hiu 3 Li ta c th suy ra :
A. Ht nhn nguyn t liti c 3 proton v 7 ntron.

B. Nguyn t liti c 3 electron, ht nhn c 3 proton v 4 ntron.

C. Liti c s khi l 3, s hiu nguyn t l 7.
D. Liti c 2 lp electron, lp trong c 3e v lp ngoi c 7e.
1.39 S electron ti a c th phn b trn lp O ( n = 5) l:
A. 25.
B. 30.
C. 40.
D. 50.
1.40 S phn b electron vo cc lp v phn lp cn c vo :
A. in tch ht nhn tng dn.
B. S khi tng dn.
C. Mc nng lng tng dn .
D. S bo ha cc lp v phn lp electron.
1.41S n v in tch ht nhn ca nguyn t flo l 9. Trong nguyn t flo, s electron phn mc nng lng cao nht l :
A. 2.
B. 5
C. 9
D. 11
1.42Cu hnh electron l: s phn b cc electron vo cc lp v phn lp theo th t:
A. Tng dn ca nng lng .
B. Tng dn nguyn t khi .
C. Lp v phn lp t trong ra ngoi.
D. Tng dn ca in tch ht nhn.
1.43 Da vo trt t mc nng lng, xt xem s sp xp cc phn lp no sau y sai :
A. 1s < 2s.
B. 4s > 3s.
C. 3p < 3d.
D. 3d < 4s.
45
1.44Mt nguyn t c k hiu l 21 X , cu hnh electron ca nguyn t X l:
A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d1.
B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d2.
2
2
6
2
6
3
C. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d .
D. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d1 4s2.
1.45 Nguyn t c tng s e l 13 th cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l :
A. 3s2 3p2.
B. 3s2 3p1 .
C. 2s2 2p1 .
D. 3p1 4s2
1.46Tng s ht p, n, e trong nguyn t nguyn t A l 21. Vy cu hnh electron ca A l :
A. 1s2 2s2 2p4 . B. 1s2 2s2 2p2 . C. 1s2 2s2 2p3.
D. 1s2 2s2 2p5.
1.47 Cu hnh bn ca kh tr :
A. C 2 hay 8 electron ngoi cng.
B. C s electron bo ha lp bn trong .
C. C 2 lp tr ln vi 18 electron lp ngoi cng. D. C lp ngoi cng bo ha .
1.48Mt nguyn t c cu hnh 1s2 2s2 2p3 th nhn xt no sai :
A. C 7 electron.
B. C 7 ntron.
C. Khng xc nh c s ntron.
D. C 7 proton.
1.49 Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca mt nguyn t l 2s1, s hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t l :
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
1.50 Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t mt nguyn t l 2s 2 2p5, s hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t l :
A. 2.
B. 5.
C. 7.
D. 9.
1.51 Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t mt nguyn t l 3s 2 3p1, s hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t l :
A. 11.
B. 10.
C. 13.
D. 12.
1.52 Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t mt nguyn t l 3d34s2, s hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t l :
A. 25.
B. 23.
C. 21.
D. 19.
1.53 Lp L ( n = 2) c s phn lp l :
A. 1
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
1.54 Nguyn t cacbon trng thi c bn c bao nhiu electron lp ngoi cng?
A. 6
B. 4
C. 3.
D. 2.
1.55 Cu hnh electron trng thi c bn no l ng cho nguyn t c s hiu l 16:

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1.

B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4.
2
2
6
2
3
1
C.1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s .
D. 1s2 2s2 3p2 4p2 5p2 6p1.
1.56 Bit ht nhn nguyn t photpho c 15 proton. Cu trnh by no sau y l ng ?
A. Lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t photpho c 7 electron.
B. Ht nhn nguyn t photpho c 15 ntron.

C. Nguyn t photpho c 15 electron c phn b trn cc lp l 2, 8, 5.

D. Photpho l nguyn t kim loi.
1.57 Trong s cc cu hnh electron nguyn t sau, cu hnh electron no l ca nguyn t oxi ( Z = 8 ). Hy chn phng n
ng .
A. 1s2 2s2 2p3
B. 1s2 2s2 2p4.
C. 1s2 2s3 2p4
D. 1s2 2s2 2p6.
1.58 Nguyn t nguyn t X c tng cc loi ht l 34. S khi ca nguyn t nguyn t X l:
A. 9
B. 23
C. 39
D. 14.
1.59Nguyn t nguyn t X c tng s cc ht p, e, n bng 58, s ht prton chnh lch vi ht ntron khng qu 1 n v. S
hiu nguyn t ca X l:
A. 17
B. 16
C. 19
D. 20
1.60 Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t mt nguyn t l 3s23p1, s hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t l :
A. 11.
B. 10.
C. 13.
D. 12.
1.61Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t mt nguyn t l 3d34s2, s hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t l :
A. 25.
B. 23.
C. 21.
D. 19.
1.62Hy ghp na cu ct 1 vi na cu ct 1 vi na cu ct 2 sao cho ph hp.
Ct 1

Ct 2

1. S electron ti a trong lp M l

a. 12 electron

2. S electron ti a trong phn lp s l

b. 14 electron

3. S electron ti a trong phn lp p l

c. 10 electron

4. S electron ti a trong phn lp d l

d. 18 electron

5. S electron ti a trong phn lp f l

e. 2 electron
g. 6 electron

Chng II: BNG H THNG TUN HON

2.1 Cc nguyn t xp chu k 6 c s lp electron trong nguyn t l:
A. 3.
B. 5.
C. 6.
D. 7.
2.2 Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t, s chu k nh v chu k ln l :
A. 3 v 3.
B. 3 v 4.
C. 4 v 4.
D. 4 v 3.
2.3 S nguyn t trong chu k 3 v 5 l :
A. 8 v 18.
B. 18 v 8.
C. 8 v 8.
D. 18 v 18.
2.4 Trong bng tun hon, cc nguyn t c sp xp theo nguyn tc no? Chn p n ng nht .
A. Theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn.
B. Cc nguyn t c cng s lp electron trong nguyn t c xp thnh mt hng.
C. Cc nguyn t c cng s electron ha tr trong nguyn t c xp thnh 1 ct.

D. C A, B v C.
2.5 Tm cu sai trong cc cu sau y :
A. Bng tun hon gm c cc nguyn t, cc chu k v cc nhm.
B. Chu k l dy cc nguyn t m nguyn t ca chng c cng s lp electron, c xp theo chiu in tch ht nhn
tng dn.

C. Bng tun hon c 7 chu k. S th t ca chu k bng s phn lp electron trong nguyn t.
D. Bng tun hon c 8 nhm A v 8 nhm B.
2.6 Nguyn t nhm A hoc nhm B c xc nh da vo c im no sau y ?

A. nguyn t s, nguyn t p hoc nguyn t d, nguyn t f.

B. tng s electron trn lp ngoi cng.
C. Tng s electron trn phn lp ngoi cng.
D. S hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t.
2.7 Nguyn t s l :
A. Nguyn t m nguyn t c electron in vo phn lp s.

B. Nguyn t m nguyn t c electron cui cng in vo phn lp s.

C. Nguyn t m nguyn t c s electron lp ngoi cng l 2 electron.
D. Nguyn t m nguyn t c t 1 n 6 electron trn lp ngoi cng
2.8 S hiu nguyn t ca cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon cho ta bit :
A. s in tch ht nhn .
B. s ntron trong nhn nguyn t.
C. s electron trn lp ngoi cng .
D. s th t nguyn t trong bng tun hon.
E. s proton trong nhn hoc electron trn v nguyn t.
F. s n v in tch ht nhn.
Hy cho bit thng tin ng :
A. 1, 3, 5, 6.
B. 1, 2, 3, 4.
C. 1, 4, 5, 6.
D. 2, 3, 5, 6.
2.9 Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p3 . Trong bng tun hon , nguyn t X thuc:
A. chu k 3, nhm V A.
B. chu k 4, nhm V B.
C. chu k 4, nhm VA.
D. chu k 4 nhm IIIA.
2.10 Nguyn t ha hc v tr no trong bng tun hon c cu hnh electron ha tr l 3d 10 4s1 ?
A. Chu k 4 , nhm IB.
B. Chu k 4, nhm IA. C. Chu k 4 , nhm VIB.
D. Chu k 4, nhm VIA.
2.11 Nguyn t ha hc v tr no trong bng tun hon c cu hnh electron ha tr l 3d 3 4s2 ?
A. Chu k 4 , nhm VA.
B. Chu k 4 , nhm VB.
C. Chu k 4 , nhm IIA.
D. Chu k 4 , nhm IIB.
2.12 Mt nguyn t ha hc X chu k 3, nhm VA. Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t X l :
A. 1s22s22p63s23p2.
B. 1s22s22p63s23p4.
C. 1s22s22p63s23p3.
D. 1s22s22p63s23p5.
2.13 Mt oxit X ca mt nguyn t nhm VIA trong bng tun hon c t khi hi so vi metan (CH 4) d X / CH 4 = 4. Cng
thc ha hc ca X l:
A. SO3.
B. SeO3.
C. SO2.
D. TeO2
2.14 X v Y l 2 nguyn t thuc cng nhm A v 2 chu k lin tip trong bng tun hon . Tng s proton trong ht nhn
ca 2 nguyn t X v Y bng 32. X v Y l nhng nguyn t no trong cc p n sau :
A. Na v K.
B. Mg v Ca.
C. K v Rb.
D. N v P.
2.15 Nguyn t canxi c s hiu nguyn t l 20, thuc chu k 4, nhm IIA. iu khng nh no sau y v canxi l sai ?
A. S electron v nguyn t ca nguyn t canxi l 20 .
B. V nguyn t canxi c 4 lp v lp ngoi cng c 2 electron.
C. Ht nhn nguyn t canxi c 20 proton.

D. Nguyn t ha hc ny l mt phi kim.

2.16 Mt nguyn t ca nhm VIA c tng s ht p, n, e trong nguyn t bng 24. Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca nguyn t
l :
A. 1s22s22p3.
B. 1s22s22p4. C. 1s22s22p5.
D. 1s22s22p6.
2.17 Cp nguyn t ha hc no sau y c tnh cht ha hc ging nhau nht ?
A. Ca v Mg.
B. P v S.
C. Ag v Ni.
D. N v O.
2.18 Trong bng tun hon, cc nguyn t c sp xp da theo cc nguyn tc sau :
I- Cc nguyn t c xp theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn nguyn t .
II- Cc nguyn t c xp theo chiu tng dn ca khi lng nguyn t .
III- Cc nguyn t c cng s lp electron trong nguyn t c xp thnh mt hng.
IV- Cc nguyn t c cng s electron ha tr trong nguyn t c xp thnh mt ct .
Hy chn cc nguyn tc ng :
A. I, II, III.
B. I, III, IV.
C. II, III, IV.
D. I, II, III, IV.
2.19 Cho cc nguyn t thuc chu k 3: Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar .Lp electron ngoi cng ca nguyn t cc nguyn t trn
bn vng khi cha ti a bao nhiu electron?
A. 3.
B. 1
C. 7.
D. 8.
2.20 S hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t no trong chu k 4 l nguyn t phi kim ?
A. 20
B. 26.
C. 30.
D. 35.
2.21 Nguyn t X c s th t Z = 37, v tr ca X trong bng h thng tun han l:
A. Chu k 3, nhm IA
B.Chuk 3, nhm IIA.
C. Chu k 4, nhm IA.
D. Chu k 5,nhm IA.
2.22 Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t, nhm gm nhng nguyn t kim loi in hnh l nhm:
A. IIIA
B. VA
C. IA.
D. VIIA.
2.23 Hy cho bit i lng no di y ca cc nguyn t bin i tun hon theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn :
A. S lp electron.
B. S electron lp ngoi cng.

C. Nguyn t khi.
D. S electron trong nguyn t.
2.24 S bin thin tnh cht ca cc nguyn t thuc chu k sau li c lp li ging nh chu k trc l do :
A. s lp li tnh kim loi ca nguyn t chu k sau so vi chu k trc.
B. s lp li tnh phi kim ca cc nguyn t chu k sau so vi chu k trc.

C. s lp li cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t cc nguyn t chu k sau so vi chu k trc.
D. s lp li tnh cht ha hc ca cc nguyn t chu k sau so vi chu k trc.
2.25 Tnh cht ha hc ca nguyn t cc nguyn t c quyt nh bi:
A. S th t ca chu k.
B. S th t ca nhm.
C. S electron trn v nguyn t.
D. S electron trn lp ngoi cng.
2.26 Nguyn t ca nguyn t kim loi kim c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l :
A. ns2np1
B. ns2 np3
C. ns2
D. ns1.
2.27 Nguyn t X c cu hnh electron nh sau :
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s1.
V tr ca X trong bng tun hon l :
A. 25, chu k 3, nhm IA.
B. 24, chu k 4, nhm VIB.
C. 23, chu k 4, nhm VIA.
D. 24, chu k 4, nhm VB
2.28 Cho cc nguyn t : X1 , X2, X3 , X4 , X5 , X6 ; ln lt c cu hnh electron nh sau :
X1 :1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2.
X2 : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4
X3 : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d2
X4 : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1
X5 : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5
X6 : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2
Nhng nguyn t no thuc cng mt chu k :
A. X1 , X2 , X3 , X4.
B. X1 , X2 , X5 v X3 , X4 , X6. C. X1 , X2 , X3 , X5.
D.X4 , X6 .
2.29 Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca st : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d64s2. V tr ca st trong bng tun hon l:
A. 26, chu k 4, nhm VIIIA.
B. 26, chu k 4, nhm VIIIB.
C. 26, chu k 4, nhm IIA.
D. 26, chu k 4, nhm IIB.
2.30 S hiu nguyn t Z ca cc nguyn t X, A, M, Q ln lt l 6, 7, 20, 19. Nhn xt no sau y ng ?
A. X thuc nhm VA
B. A, M thuc nhm IIA. C. M thuc nhm II B
D. Q thuc nhm IA.
2.31 S hiu nguyn t Z ca cc nguyn t X, A, M, Q ln lt l 6, 7, 20, 19. Nhn xt no sau y ng ?
A. C 4 nguyn t trn thuc 1 chu k .
B. A, M thuc chu k 3.
C. M, Q thuc chu k 4.
D. Q thuc chu k 3.
2.32 Nguyn t Si c Z = 14. Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca silic l
A. 1s22s2 2p5 3s3 3p2 .
B. 1s2 2s2 2p7 3s2 3p2. C. 1s2 2s32p6 3s2 3p2.
D. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2.
2.33 Nhng nguyn t ha hc trong cng nhm A c nhng tnh cht ha hc sau :
A. in tch ht nhn tng th tnh kim loi gim dn, tnh phi kim tng dn .

B. in tch ht nhn tng th tnh kim loi tng, tnh phi kim gim dn.
C. in tch ht nhn gim th tnh kim loi tng dn, tnh phi kim gim dn .
D. in tch ht nhn gim th tnh kim loi gim , tnh phi kim gim dn.
2.34 Trong chu k 3, nguyn t c bn knh ln nht l :
A. Clo.
B. Argon.
C. Natri.
D. Magie.
2.35 Theo nh lut tun hon th tnh cht ha hc ca cc nguyn t bin i tun hon theo chiu tng ca :
A. S oxi ha.
B. in tch ion
C. in tch ht nhn.
D. Nguyn t khi .
2.36 Nguyn t ca nguyn t no sau y c m in nh nht ?
A. I.
B. Cl.
C. F.
D. Br.
2.37 Pht biu no sai trong s cc pht biu sau y v quy lut bin i tun hon trong mt chu k khi i t tri sang phi :
A. Ha tr cao nht i vi oxi tng dn t 1 7.
B. Ha tr i vi hidro ca phi kim gim dn t 7 1.
C. Tnh kim loi gim dn, tnh phi kim tng dn . D. Oxit v hidroxit tng ng c tnh baz gim dn, tnh axit tng dn.
2.38 Theo quy lut bin i tnh cht n cht ca cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon th :
A. Phi kim mnh nht l iot.
B. Kim loi mnh nht l liti.
C. Phi kim mnh nht l flo.
D. Kim loi yu nht l xesi.
2.39 Trong mt chu k, bn knh nguyn t cc nguyn t :
A. tng theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn.
B. gim theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn.
C. gim theo chiu tng ca m in.
D. C B v C.
Chn p n ng nht.

2.40 Trong mt nhm A, bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t:

A. tng theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn.
B. gim theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn.
C. tng theo chiu gim ca m in.
D. C A v C.
Chn p n ng nht.
2.41 m in c trng cho kh nng : (Chn p n ng)
A. ht electron ca nguyn t trong phn t. B. nhng electron ca nguyn t ny cho nguyn t khc.
C. tham gia phn ng mnh hay yu.
D. nhng proton ca nguyn t ny cho nguyn t khc.
2.42Cc nguyn t thuc cng mt nhm A c tnh cht ha hc tng t nhau, v v nguyn t ca cc nguyn t nhm A c:
A. s electron nh nhau.
B. s lp electron nh nhau.
C. s electron thuc lp ngoi cng nh nhau.
D. cng s electron s hay p.
2.43 Cho 4 axit : H2SiO3 , HClO4 , H2SO4 , H3PO4 . Hy chn axit mnh nht:
A. H2SiO3 .
B. H2SO4.
C. HClO4.
D. H3PO4.
2.44 Cho 34,25 g kim loi nhm IIA vo nc thu c 5,6 lt H2 (ktc) . Kim loi l :
A. Stronti.
B. Bari.
C. Canxi.
D. Magie.
2.45 Ha tan hon ton 0,3 gam hn hp 2 kim loi X v Y 2 chu k lin tip ca nhm IA vo nc th thu c 0,224 lt H 2
ktc .X v Y l nhng nguyn t ha hc no sau y ?
A. Na v K.
B. Li v Na.
C. K v Rb.
D. Rb v Cs.
2.46 Cho 5,4 g kim loi (M) tc dng vi oxi khng kh ta thu c 10,2 g oxit cao nht c cng thc M 2O3. Kim loi (M) l :
A. B
B. Fe.
C. Al.
D. Ga.
2.47 Cho 0,48g mt kim loi ha tr 2 tc dng vi Cl2 thu c 1,9g mt mui clorua . Tn kim loi ha tr 2 l :
A. Magie.
B. Km.
C. Canxi.
D. St.
Cho Mg = 24, Ca = 20 , Zn = 65, Fe = 56.
2.48 Ha tan ht 0,35 g mt kim loi nhm IA trong nc , dung dch thu c chim th tch 500ml c nng 0,1M. tn ca
kim loi nhm IA l :
A. Rb.
B. K.
C. Na.
D. Li.
2.49 Cho 8,8g mt hn hp hai kim loi nm hai chu k lin tip nhau v thuc nhm IIIA, tc dng vi HCl d th thu c
6,72 l kh hidro (ktc). Da vo bng tun hon cho bit tn ca hai kim loi :
A. Bo v Nhm.
B. Nhm v Gali
C. Gali v Indi.
D. Indi v Tali.
Cho: B = 11 ; Al = 27 ; Ga =70 ; In = 115 ; Tl = 204
2.50 R l mt nguyn t nhm IIIA, oxit cao nht ca R c cng thc ha hc l :
A. R2O3.
B. R2O.
C. R2O5.
D. R2O7.
2.51 Nguyn t R l phi kim thuc chu k 3 ca bng tun hon . R to c hp cht kh vi hidro v cng thc oxit cao nht
l RO3 . Nguyn t R to c vi kim loi M cho hp cht c cng thc MR 2, trong M chim 46,67%
v khi lng .Xc nh kim loi M ?
A. Mg.
B. Zn
C. Fe.
D. Cu.
2.52 Nhng nguyn t no m hp cht oxit c ha tr cao nht ng vi cng thc chung l X 2O3 ?
A. Nhm IA.
B. Nhm IIA
C. Nhm IIIA.
D. Nhm VA.
2.53 Hp cht kh ca nguyn t R vi hidro c cng thc RH3. nguyn t R l :
A. Clo.
B. Lu hunh.
C. Silic.
D. Nit.
2.54 Oxit cao nht ca mt nguyn t R ng vi cng thc RO2. Nguyn t R l:
A. Magie.
B. Nit.
C. Cacbon.
D. Photpho.
2.55Mt nguyn t R c cu hnh electron : 1s2 2s2 2p3 . Cng thc hp cht vi hydro v cng thc oxit cao nht ca R l :
A. RH2, RO.
B. RH5 , R2O3.
C. RH3 , R2O5.
D. RH4 , RO2

Chng 3 : LIN KT HA HC
3.1 Nguyn t Al c 3 electron ha tr. Kiu lin kt ha hc no c hnh thnh khi n lin kt vi 3 nguyn t flo :
A. Lin kt kim loi.
C. Lin kt cng ha tr khng cc.
B. Lin kt cng ha tr c cc.
D. Lin kt ion.
3.2 Dy no sau y khng cha hp cht ion ?
A. NH4Cl, OF2, H2S.
B. CO2, Cl2, CCl4
C. BF3, AlF3, CH4 .
D. I2, CaO, CaCl2.
3.3 Cho nguyn t Liti (Z = 3) v nguyn t Oxi (Z = 8). Ni dung no sau y khng ng:
A. Cu hnh e ca ion Li + : 1s2 v cu hnh e ca ion O2 : 1s2 2s2 2p6.
B. Nhng in tch ion Li+ v O2 do : Li Li + + e
v O + 2e O2 .

C. Nguyn t kh him Ne c cu hnh e ging Li + v O2 .

D. C cng thc Li2O do : mi nguyn t Li nhng 1 e m mt nguyn t O nhn 2 e.
3.4 Cho cc hp cht: NH3, H2O, K2S, MgCl2, Na2O CH4, Cht c lin kt ion l:
A. NH3, H2O , K2S, MgCl2
B. K2S, MgCl2, Na2O CH4
C. NH3, H2O , Na2O CH4
D. K2S, MgCl2, Na2O
3.5 Trong cc phn ng ha hc gia kim loi v phi kim th:

A. Nguyn t kim loi nhng electron, nguyn t phi kim nhn electron.
B. Nguyn t kim loi nhn electron, nguyn t phi kim nhng electron.
C. Nguyn t kim loi v phi kim gp chung electron ngoi cng.
D. C 3 cu a,b,c u sai.
3.6 Cu hnh electron ca cp nguyn t no sau y c th to lin kt ion:
A. 1s22s22p3 v 1s22s22p5
B. 1s22s1 v 1s22s22p5
2
1
2
2
6
2
2
C. 1s 2s v 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p
D. 1s22s22p1 v 1s22s22p63s23p6
3.7 Cc nguyn t lin kt vi nhau :
A. To thnh cht kh
B. To thnh mng tinh th
B. To thnh hp cht
D. t c cu bn ca nguyn t.
3.8 Cho 3 ion : Na+, Mg2+, F . Tm cu khng nh sai .
A. 3 ion trn c cu hnh electron ging nhau .
C. 3 ion trn c s electron bng nhau
B. 3 ion trn c s ntron khc nhau.
D. 3 ion trn c s proton bng nhau
3.9 Trong dy oxit sau : Na2O, MgO, Al2O3 , SiO2 , P2O5 , SO3 , Cl2O7 . Nhng oxit c lin kt ion l :
A. Na2O , SiO2 , P2O5 .
B. MgO, Al2O3 , P2O5
C. Na2O, MgO, Al2O3 .
D. SO3, Cl2O3 , Na2O .
3.10 Ion dng c hnh thnh khi :
C. Nguyn t nhng proton.
A. Nguyn t nhng electron.
D. Nguyn t nhn thm proton
B. Nguyn t nhn thm electron.
3.11 Tm nh ngha sai v lin kt ion :
A. Lin kt ion c hnh thnh bi lc ht tnh in gia 2 ion mang in tch tri du .
B. Lin kt ion trong tinh th NaCl l lc ht tnh in gia ion Na + v ion Cl

C. Lin kt ion l lin kt c hnh thnh do s tng tc gia cc ion cng du.
D. Lin kt ion l lin kt gia 2 nguyn t c hiu s m in > 1,7 .
3.12 Chn nh ngha ng v ion ?
A. Phn t mang in .

B. Nguyn t hay nhm nguyn t mang in.

C. Ht vi m mang in (+) hay () .
D. Phn t b mt hay nhn thm electron.
3.13 Nguyn t oxi c cu hnh electron l :1s22s22p4. Sau khi to lin kt, n c cu hnh l :
A. 1s22s22p2
B. 1s22s22p43s2.
C. 1s22s22p6 .
D. 1s22s22p63s2.
3.14 Nguyn t Canxi c s hiu nguyn t l 20.Khi Canxi tham gia phn ng to hp cht ion. Cu hnh electron ca ion
Canxi l:
A. 1s22s22p63s23p64s1.
B. 1s22s22p6.
C. 1s22s22p63s23p6. D. 1s22s22p63s23p63d10
3.15 Ion no sau y c 32 electron :
A. CO32B. SO42C. NH4+
D. NO33.16 Ion no c tng s proton l 48 ?
A. NH4+
B. SO32C. SO42D. Sn2+.
3.17 Mui n l cht rn mu trng cha trong ti nha l :
A. cc phn t NaCl.
B. cc ion Na+ v Cl .

C. cc tinh th hnh lp phng : cc ion Na+ v Cl c phn b lun phin u n trn mi nh .

D. cc tinh th hnh lp phng : cc ion Na + v Cl c phn b lun phin u n thnh tng phn t ring r.
3.18 Lin kt ha hc trong NaCl c hnh thnh l do :
A. Hai ht nhn nguyn t ht electron rt mnh .
B. Obitan nguyn t ca Na v Cl xen ph ln nhau .
C. Mi nguyn t nhng hoc thu electron tr thnh cc ion tri du h nhau.

D. Nguyn t natri nhng 1 electron tr thnh ion dng, nguyn t clo nhn 1 electron tr thnh ion m, 2 ion
ny ht nhau bng lc ht tnh in to phn t NaCl.
3.19 Khi to thnh lin kt ion, nguyn t nhng electron ha tr tr thnh :
A. Ion dng c nhiu proton hn .

B. Ion dng c s proton khng thay i .

C. Ion m c nhiu proton hn .
D. Ion m c s proton khng thay i .
3.20 Cc nguyn t chu k 2 c th to thnh cation n nguyn t gm dy no ?
A. Li, Be, B, C v N.
B. Li, Be, C, N v O.
C. Li, Be v B.
D. N, O, f v Ne.
3.21 Cc nguyn t thuc chu k 3 c th to thnh anion n nguyn t :
A. Al, Si, P, S, Cl.
B. Si, P, S, Cl.
C. P, S, Cl.
D. Mg, Si, P, S, Cl.
3.22 Cho nguyn t lu hunh th 16, cu hnh electron ca ion S 2 l:
A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2.
C. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d6.
D. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4.
B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 .
3.23 Cho nguyn t Fe th 26, cu hnh electron ca ion Fe2+ l:
C. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s1
A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d6 .
2
2
6
2
6
4
2
D. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 .
B. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s
3.24 Cho nguyn t st th 26, cu hnh electron ca ion Fe3+ l:
A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p63d6.
B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d64s1.
2
2
6
2
6
C. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p .
D. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d 5 .
3.25 Cho nguyn t lu hunh th 16, cu hnh electron ca ion S 2 l:
A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 .
B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d 6.
2
2
6
2
4
C. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p .
D. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 .
3.26Chn cu ng nht v lin kt cng ha tr .
Lin kt cng ha tr l lin kt :
a) gia cc phi kim vi nhau.
b) trong cp electron chung b lch v mt nguyn t.
c) c hnh thnh do s dng chung electron ca 2 nguyn t khc nhau.
d) c to thnh gia 2 nguyn t bng mt hay nhiu cp electron chung.
3.27 Chn cu ng trong cc cu sau y :
A. Trong lin kt cng ha tr, cp electron chung lch v pha nguyn t c m in nh hn.
B. Lin kt cng ha tr c cc c to thnh gia 2 nguyn t c hiu m in t 0,4 n nh hn 1,7.
C. Lin kt cng ha tr khng cc c to nn t cc nguyn t khc hn nhau v tnh cht ha hc,
D. Hiu m in gia 2 nguyn t ln th phn t phn cc yu.
3.28 Kiu lin kt no c to thnh gia 2 nguyn t bng mt hay nhiu cp electron chung ?
A. Lin kt ion .
B. Lin kt cng ha tr.
C. Lin kt kim loi.
D. Lin kt hidro .
3.29 Cho cc phn t : N2 ; SO2 ; H2 ; HBr. Phn t no trong cc phn t trn c lin kt cng ha tr khng phn cc ?
A. N2 ; SO2
B. H2 ; HBr.
C. SO2 ; HBr.
D. H2 ; N2 .
3.30 Pht biu no sau y sai khi ni v lin kt trong phn t HCl ?
A. Cc nguyn t Hidro v Clo lin kt nhau bng lin kt cng ha tr n.
B. Cc electron lin kt b ht lch v mt pha.

C. Cp electron chung ca hidro v clo nm gia 2 nguyn t.

D. Phn t HCl l phn t phn cc.
3.31 Phn t no sau y c lin kt cng ha tr phn cc mnh ?
A. H2
B. CH4
C. H2
D. HCl.
3.32 Cho 2 nguyn t c cu hnh electron trng thi c bn nh sau : 1s 22s1 v 1s22s22p5 .Hai nguyn t ny kt hp nhau
bng loi lin kt g to thnh hp cht ?
A. Lin kt cng ha tr c cc.
C. Lin kt cng ha tr khng c cc.
D. Lin kt kim loi.
B. Lin kt ion.
3.33 Lin kt cng ha tr l :
A. Lin kt gia cc phi kim vi nhau .
B. Lin kt trong cp electron chung b lch v mt nguyn t.
C. Lin kt c hnh thnh do s dng chung electron ca 2 nguyn t khc nhau .

D. Lin kt c to nn gia 2 nguyn t bng nhng electron chung .

3.34 Chn cu ng trong cc mnh sau :
A. Trong lin kt cng ha tr, cp electron lch v pha nguyn t c m in nh hn.

B. Lin kt cng ha tr c cc c to thnh gia 2 nguyn t c hiu m in t 0,4 n 1,7.

C. Lin kt cng ha tr khng cc c to nn t cc nguyn t khc hn nhau v tnh cht ha hc.

D. Hiu m in ca 2 nguyn t ln th phn t phn cc yu .
3.35 Cho m in Cs: 0,79; Ba: 0,89; Cl: 3,16; H: 2,2; S: 2,58; F: 3,98: Te: 2,1 xc nh lin kt trong phn t cc cht
sau : H2Te , H2S, CsCl, BaF2 . Cht c lin kt cng ha tr khng phn cc l :
A. BaF2.
B. CsCl
C. H2Te
D. H2S.
3.36 Cho m in Cs : 0,79 ; Ba : 0,89 ; H : 2,2 ; Cl : 3,16 ; S : 2,58 ; N : 3,04 ; O : 3,44 xt s phn cc ca lin kt
trong phn t cc cht sau : NH3 , H2S, H2O , CsCl . Cht no trong cc cht trn c lin kt ion ?
A. NH3
B. H2O.
C. CsCl.
D. H2S.
3.37 Trong cc nhm cht sau y, nhm no l nhng hp cht cng ha tr:
A. NaCl, H2O, HCl
B. KCl, AgNO3, NaOH
C. H2O, Cl2, SO2
D. CO2, H2SO4, MgCl2
3.38 Lin kt cng ha tr l lin kt gia 2 nguyn t trong phn t bng:
A. 1 cp electron chung
B. 2 cp electron chung
C. 3 cp electron chung
D. 1 hay nhiu cp electron chung
3.39 Cho cc hp cht: NH3, Na2S,CO2, CaCl2, MgO, C2H2. Hp cht c lin kt cng ha tr l:
A. CO2, C2H2, MgO
B. NH3.CO2, Na2S
C. NH3 , CO2, C2H2
D. CaCl2, Na2S, MgO
3.40 Trong cng thc CS2, tng s cc i electron t do cha tham gia lin kt l :
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
3.41 Bit rng tnh phi kim gim dn theo th t F, O, Cl .Trong cc phn t sau, phn t c lin kt phn cc nht l :
A. F2O
B. Cl2O
C. ClF
D. O2 .
3.42 Nguyn t A c 2 electron ha tr, nguyn t B c 5 electron ha tr . Cng thc ca hp cht to bi A v B c th l :
A. A2B3
B. A3B2.
C. A2B5.
D. A5B2.
3.43 Kt lun no sau y sai ?
A. Lin kt trong phn t NH3, H2O, H2S l lin kt cng ha tr c cc .
B. Lin kt trong phn t BaF2 v CsCl l lin kt ion.

C. Lin kt trong phn t CaS v AlCl3 l lin kt ion v c hnh thnh gia kim loi v phi kim.
D. Lin kt trong phn t Cl2, H2, O2, N2 l lin kt cng ha tr khng cc.
3.44 Cho cc ion : Na+, Al3+, SO24 , NO3 , Ca2+, NH +4 , Cl. Hi c bao nhiu cation ?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
3.45 Cho cc phn t : H2, CO2, Cl2, N2, I2, C2H4, C2H2. Bao nhiu phn t c lin kt ba trong phn t ?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

CHNG 4: PHN NG OXI HA KH

Cu 1: Trong phn ng oxi ha kh
A. cht b oxi ha nhn in t v cht b kh cho in t.
B. qu trnh oxi ha v kh xy ra ng thi.
C. cht cha nguyn t s oxi ha cc i lun l cht kh.
D. qu trnh nhn in t gi l qu trnh oxi ha.
Cu 2: Cht kh l cht
A. cho in t, cha nguyn t c s oxi ha tng sau phn ng.
B. cho in t, cha nguyn t c s oxi ha gim sau phn ng.
C. nhn in t, cha nguyn t c s oxi ha tng sau phn ng.
D. nhn in t, cha nguyn t c s oxi ha gim sau phn ng.
Cu 3: Cht oxi ho l cht
A. cho in t, cha nguyn t c s oxi ha tng sau phn ng.
B. cho in t, cha nguyn t c s oxi ha gim sau phn ng.
C. nhn in t, cha nguyn t c s oxi ha tng sau phn ng.
D. nhn in t, cha nguyn t c s oxi ha gim sau phn ng.
Cu 4: Chn pht biu khng hon ton ng
A. S oxi ha l qu trnh cht kh cho in t.
B. Trong cc hp cht s oxi ha H lun l +1.
C. Cacbon c nhiu mc oxi ha (m hoc dng) khc nhau.
D. Cht oxi ha gp cht kh cha chc xy ra phn ng.
Cu 5: Phn ng oxi ha kh xy ra theo chiu to thnh
A. cht oxi ha yu hn so vi ban u.
B. cht kh yu hn so vi cht u.

C. cht oxi ha (hoc kh) mi yu hn.

D. cht oxi ha (mi) v cht kh (mi) yu hn.
Cu 6 : Pht biu no di y khng ng?
A. Phn ng oxi ho - kh l phn ng lun xy ra ng thi s oxi ho v s kh.
B. Phn ng oxi ho - kh l phn ng trong c s thay i s oxi ho ca tt c cc nguyn t.
C. Phn ng oxi ho - kh l phn ng trong xy ra s trao i electron gia cc cht.
D. Phn ng oxi ho - kh l phn ng trong c s thay i s oxi ho ca mt s nguyn t
Cu 7: Phn ng gia cc loi cht no sau y lun lun l phn ng oxi ha kh ?
A. oxit phi kim v baz.
B. oxit kim loi v axit.
C. kim loi v phi kim.
D. oxit kim loi v oxit phi kim.
Cu 8: S oxi ha ca oxi trong cc hp cht HNO3, H2O2, F2O, KO2 theo th t l
A. -2, -1, -2, -0,5.
B. -2, -1, +2, -0,5.
C. -2, +1, +2, +0,5.
D. -2, +1, -2, +0,5.

+
Cu 9: Cho cc hp cht: NH 4 , NO2, N2O, NO 3 , N2 Th t gim dn s oxi ha ca N l:

A. N2 > NO 3 > NO2 > N2O > NH +

4 .

B. NO 3 > N2O > NO2 > N2 > NH +

4 .

C. NO 3 > NO2 > N2O > N2 > NH +

D. NO 3 > NO2 > NH +
4 .
4 > N2 > N2O.
Cu 10 : S oxi ho ca nguyn t lu hunh trong cc cht : S, H 2S, H2SO4, SO2 ln lt l :

A. 0, +2, +6, +4. B. 0, 2, +4, 4.

C. 0, 2, 6, +4.

D. 0, 2, +6, +4.

Cu 11: Cho qu trnh Fe Fe + 1e, y l qu trnh

A. oxi ha.
B. kh .
C. nhn proton.
D. t oxi ha kh.
Cu 12 : Hp cht m nguyn t clo c s oxi ho +3 l :
A. NaClO
B. NaClO2
C. NaClO3
D. NaClO4
Cu 13: Trong phn ng: 2FeCl3 + H2S 2FeCl2 + S + 2HCl. Vai tr ca H2S l:
A. cht oxi ha .
B. cht kh.
C. Axit.
D. va axit va kh.
Cu 14: Trong phn ng MnO2 + 4HCl MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O, vai tr ca HCl l
A. oxi ha.
B. kh.
C. to mi trng.
D. kh v mi trng.
Cu 15 : S oxi ho ca nguyn t nit trong cc hp cht : NH4Cl, HNO3, NO, NO2, N2, N2O ln lt l :
A. 4, +6, +2, +4, 0, +1.
B. 4, +5, 2, 0, +3, 1.
C. 3, +5, +2, +4, 0, +1.
D. +3, 5, +2, 4, 3, 1
Cu 20: Phn ng nhit phn mui thuc phn ng
A. oxi ha kh.
B. khng oxi ha kh.
C. oxi ha kh hoc khng.
D. thun nghch.
Cu 25: Xt phn ng sau:
3Cl2 + 6KOH 5KCl + KClO3 + 3H2O (1)
2NO 2 + 2KOH KNO2 + KNO3 + H2O (2)
Phn ng (1), (2) thuc loi phn ng
A. oxi ha kh ni phn t.
B. oxi ha kh nhit phn.
C. t oxi ha kh.
D. khng oxi ha kh.
Cu 26 : Cho cc phn ng oxi ho- kh sau:
3I2 + 3H2O HIO3 + 5HI
(1)
HgO 2Hg + O2
(2)
4K2SO3 3K2SO4 + K2S
(3)
NH4NO3 N2O + 2H2O
(4)
2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2
(5)
3NO2 + H2O 2HNO3 + NO
(6)
4HClO4 2Cl2 + 7O2 + 2H2O (7)
2H2O2 2H2O
+ O2
(8)
Cl2 + Ca(OH)2 CaOCl2 + H2O (9)
KMnO4 K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2 (10)
a.Trong s cc phn ng oxi ho- kh trn, s phn ng oxi ho- kh ni phn t l
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
b.Trong s cc phn ng oxi ho- kh trn, s phn ng t oxi ho- kh l
A. 6.
B. 7.
C. 4.
D. 5.
2+

3+

II) Cu hi bi tp gm cc dng: ( Mi dng 1 cu)

Dng 1:
Bi tp tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh khi bit % cc ng v ca 1 nguyn t ha hc ( hoc ngc
li).
Phng php gii:
Cng thc tng qut tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh:
Nguyn t X c n ng v X1, X2,Xn, trong :
A
ng v 1 X1 c x1 nguyn t

A2

X 2 c x2 nguyn t

..
An

X n c xn nguyn t
M =A=

A1.x1 + A2 .x2 + ... + An .xn

x1 + x2 + ... + xn

(Xem nguyn t khi s khi: M =A)

Nu x1, x2, xn l t l % s nguyn t th: x1+ x2 ++ xn = 100 (%)
Bi tp minh ha:
Bi 1 : Nguyn t argon c 3 ng v: 1840 Ar (99,63%); 1836Ar (0,31%); 1838Ar (0,06%) . Xc nh nguyn t khi
trung bnh ca Ar.
99,63.40 + 0,31.36 + 0,06.38
= 39,98
100
63
65
Cu v 29
Cu . Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca ng l 63,54. Xc nh thnh
Bi 2 : ng c 2 ng v 29
63
Cu .
phn % ca ng v 29

Gii : M =

Gii : t % ca ng v

63
29

Cu l x, ta c phng trnh:

63x + 65(1 x) = 63,54 x = 0,73

63
29

Vy Cu % = 73%
Bi tp tng t:
1.Tnh nguyn t lng trung bnh ca cc nguyn t sau, bit trong t nhin chng c cc ng v l:
60
62
a ) 2858 Ni (67, 76%); 28
Ni (26,16%); 2861Ni(2, 42%); 28
Ni(3, 66%)

b) 168 O(99, 757%); 178 O(0, 039%); 188 O(0, 204%)

57
c) 2655 Fe(5,84%); 2656 Fe(91, 68%); 26
Fe(2,17%); 2658 Fe(0,31%)
206
207
208
d ) 204
82 Pb(2,5%); 82 Pb(23, 7%); 82 Pb(22, 4%); 82 Pb(51, 4%)

S: a) 58,74 ; b) 16,00 ; c) 55,97 ; d) 207,20

2.Clo c hai ng v l 1735Cl; 1737Cl . T l s nguyn t ca hai ng v ny l 75% v 25%. Tnh nguyn t
lng trung bnh ca Clo.
S: 35,5
3.Brom c hai ng v l 3579 Br ; 3581Br . T l s nguyn t ca hai ng v ny l 54% v 46%.. Tnh nguyn
t lng trung bnh ca Brom.
S: 79,91
4.

Trong t nhin ng c 2 ng v :
A. 63,45
B. 64,21

65
29

63
Cu chim 27% ; 29
Cu chim 73% .Vy nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Cu l :
C. 64,54
D. 63,54

Dng 2:
Xc nh v tr ca 1 nguyn t trong BTH khi bit tng s ht n, p, e trong nguyn t nguyn t
l a ht.
Phng php gii:
a
Z
3.5

a
3

; N = a - 2Z ; A = Z + N

Bi tp:
1 Tng s p, n, e trong nguyn t ca nguyn t X l 10.Xc nh v tr ca 1 nguyn t trong BTH.
10
= 2,8 Z
3.5

10
= 3,3
3

> Z = 3.

cu hnh e: 1s2 2s1. Chu k 2 nhm IIIA

2 Tng s p, n, e trong nguyn t ca nguyn t X l 12. V tr ca 1 nguyn t trong BTH:

A. Chu k 2 nhm IIA
B. Chu k 3 nhm IIIA .
C. Chu k 2 nhm IVA . D. Chu k 4 nhm IIIA
3 Tng s p, n, e trong nguyn t ca nguyn t X l 15. V tr ca 1 nguyn t trong BTH:
A. Chu k 3 nhm IIIA
B. Chu k 2 nhm IIIA
C. Chu k 4 nhm VIIA
D. Chu k 5 nhm IIA
4 Tng s p, n, e trong nguyn t ca nguyn t X l 21. V tr ca 1 nguyn t trong BTH:
A. Chu k 4 nhm IIIA
B. Chu k 3 nhm IIIA
C. Chu k 2 nhm VIA
D. Chu k 2 nhm IA
5 Tng s p, n, e trong nguyn t ca nguyn t X l 29. V tr ca 1 nguyn t trong BTH:
A. Chu k 3 nhm IIIA
B. Chu k 2 nhm IIA C. Chu k 2 nhm VIIA
D. Chu k 4 nhm IIIA
Dng 3:
Xc nh v tr ca 1 nguyn t trong BTH khi bit tng s ht n, p, e trong nguyn t nguyn t
l a ht v s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht mang in l b ht.
Phng php gii:
Z

a +b
4

Bi tp:
1. Tng s ht c bn l 115, s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 25 ht. Xc nh v tr
ca 1 nguyn t trong BTH.
Gii:
Z=

115 + 25
= 35
4

Cu hnh e: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p5. Chu k 4 nhm VIIA
2. Tng s ht c bn l 95, s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 25 ht. V tr ca 1
nguyn t trong BTH:
A. Chu k 4 nhm IIB
B. Chu k 2 nhm IIIA C. Chu k 3 nhm IIA
D. Chu k 5 nhm IB
3. Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht p, n v e bng 82, tng s ht mang in nhiu hn tng s ht
khng mang in l 22 ht. Xc nh Z, A v vit k hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t X. V tr ca 1 nguyn t
trong BTH:
A. Chu k 2 nhm IIIA
B. Chu k 4 nhm VIIIB C. Chu k 2 nhm IA D. Chu k 3 nhm IIIB
Dng 4:
Xc nh v tr ca 2 nguyn t A v B trong BTH khi bit A v B l 2 nguyn t k tip nhau trong
1 chu k. Tng s ht proton trong ht nhn 2 nguyn t 2 nguyn t l m ht.
Phng php gii:
ZA < Z =

m
< ZB
2

Vd 1: A v B l hai nguyn t ng k tip nhau mt chu k trong h thng tun hon. Tng s p ca
chng l 25. Xc Xc nh v tr ca 2 nguyn t trong BTH.
Gii:
ZA < Z =

25
= 12,5 < Z B
2

=> ZA = 12 (1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 ) v ZB =13( 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1)
V tr trong BTH:
Cu 1:A v B l hai nguyn t lin tip nhau trong 1 chu k trong bng h thng tun hon. Tng s hiu
nguyn t ca chng l 31. Xc nh v tr ca A, B trong bng h thng tun hon.
A. A, B thuc chu k 3, nhm VA, VIA
B. A, B thuc chu k 2, nhm VA, VIA
C. A, B thuc chu k 4, nhm IVA, VIA
D. A, B thuc chu k 3, nhm IIA, IIIA
Cu 2. A v B l hai nguyn t ng k tip nhau mt chu k trong h thng tun hon. Tng s p ca
chng l 27. Xc Xc nh v tr ca 2 nguyn t trong BTH.

Cu 3. A v B l hai nguyn t ng k tip nhau mt chu k trong h thng tun hon. Tng s p ca
chng l 29. Xc Xc nh v tr ca 2 nguyn t trong BTH.
Cu 4. A v B l hai nguyn t ng k tip nhau mt chu k trong h thng tun hon. Tng s p ca
chng l 13. Xc Xc nh v tr ca 2 nguyn t trong BTH.
Cu 5. A v B l hai nguyn t ng k tip nhau mt chu k trong h thng tun hon. Tng s p ca
chng l 15. Xc Xc nh v tr ca 2 nguyn t trong BTH.
Dng 5:
Xc nh tn nguyn t R ( ha tr I hoc II) bit rng khi cho a gam R tc dng vi H 2O ( axit)to ra
b gam H2 (hoc thu c V lt H2 ktc)
Bi tp:
1) Cho 10 (g) mt kim loi A ha tr II tc dng ht vi nc th thu c 5,6 (l) kh H 2 (kc). Tm tn kim
loi .
Gii: S mol H2:

nH2 =

5,6
= 0,25( mol )
22,4

M + 2H2O
0,25
MM =

M(OH)2

10
= 40
0,25

H2
0,25

=> M l Ca

2) Ha tan hon ton 5,85 (g) mt kim loi B ha tr I vo nc th thu c 1,68 (l) kh (kc). Xc nh tn
kim loi .
A. Magie.
B. Kali
C. Canxi.
D. St
3) Cho 0,48g mt kim loi ha tr 2 tc dng vi Cl 2 thu c 1,9g mt mui clorua . Tn kim loi ha r 2
l :
A. Magie.
B. Km.
C. Canxi.
D. St
4) Cho 0,72 (g) mt kim loi M ha tr II tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl d th thu c 672 (ml) kh H 2
(kc). Xc nh tn kim loi .
S: Mg
Dng 6:
Xc nh tn nguyn t R ( ha tr n) (hoc hn hp 2 kim loi k tip nhau trong 1 nhm A) bit
rng khi cho a gam R (hn hp 2 kim loi ) tc dng vi axit HCl ( H2SO4) to ra b gam mui (hoc thu
c V lt H2 ktc)
V d 1:Ha tan hon ton 0,3 gam hn hp 2 kim loi X v Y 2 chu k lin tip ca nhm IA vo HCl th
thu c 0,224 lt H2 ktc .X v Y l nhng nguyn t ha hc no ?
Gii:
Gi M l khi lng mol trung bnh ca 2 kim loi.
M + 2 HCl MCl 2 + H 2

0,01
0,3
M =
= 30 .
0,01

0,01
V MX <

< MY v X v Y thuc nhm IA suy ra ch c MNa = 23 <

< MK = 39

Vy 2 nguyn t l Na v K
Bi tp tung t:
Cu 1:Cho 6,4 g hn hp hai kim loi thuc hai chu k k tip nhau ca nhm IIA phn ng ht vi dd HCl
d , thu c 4,48 lit kh hidro(kc). Xc nh hai kim loi trn
Cu 2:Cho 8,8g mt hn hp hai kim loi nm hai chu k lin tip nhau v thuc nhm IIIA, tc dng vi
HCl d th thu c 6,72 l kh hidro (ktc). Da vo bng tun hon cho bit tn ca hai kim loi :
A. Bo v Nhm.
B. Nhm v Gali
C. Gali v Indi.
D. Indi v Tali.
Cu 3 : Cho 4,4g mt hn hp hai kim loi nm hai chu k lin tip v u thuc nhm IIA ca bng tun
hon tc dng vi axit HCl d th thu c 3,36 dm3 kh hidro ktc. Hy xc nh hai kim loi .

p s: Magie, canxi.
Dng 7:
Xc nh nguyn t R khi bit cng thc phn t hp cht xit cao nht ca R l RxOy. Trong hp
cht kh vi H th R chim a% v khi lng (hoc ngc li)
Phng php gii:
Trong hp cht AxBy th :
x.M A
%A
=
y.M B
%B

Bi tp minh ha
Bi 1: Oxit cao nht ca mt nguyn t R l RO 3, trong hp cht ca n vi hiro c 5,88% H v khi
lng. Xc nh nguyn t khi ca nguyn t
Gii:
CT oxit cao nht l RO3 vy CT hp cht vi Hidro l H2R
Gi ngt khi ca R l MR ta c:
1.M R
%R
=
=>
2.M B % H

MR
94,12
=
2.1
5,88

=> R = 32
=>R l S (lu hunh)
Bi 2: Hp cht kh vi hiro ca mt nguyn t l RH 4. Oxit cao nht ca n cha 53,3% oxi v khi
lng. Tm nguyn t khi ca nguyn t .
Gii:
CT hp cht vi H l RH4 vy CT oxit cao nht l RO2
Gi ngt khi ca R l MR ta c:
1.M R
%R
=
=>
2.M O
%O

MR
46,7
=
2.16
53,3

=> MR = 28
=>R l Si
Cu 3:Oxit cao nht ca nguyn t R ng vi cng thc RO 2 . Trong hp cht ca R vi hidro c 75%R v
25% H. Nguyn t R l :
A. Magie.
B. Cacbon.
C. Nit.
D. Photpho
Cu 4 :Oxit cao nht ca nguyn t R c cng thc R 2O5. Trong hp cht kh vi hiro, R chim 82,35 % v
khi lng. R l nguyn t:
A. P
B. N
C. C
D. F
Cu 5 : Oxit cao nht ca R l R2O7 , trong hp cht vi hidro th R chim 97,26 % v khi lng .
Xc nh R
11.9 Oxit cao nht ca mt nguyn t c dng R2O5 . Hp cht ca n vi hidro c R% = 91,18. Nguyn t R l :
A. Photpho.
B. Nit.
C. Asen.
D. Antimon.

Dng 8:
Xc nh v tr ca 2 nguyn t X v Y trong BHTTH khi bit X v Y l 2 nguyn t k tip nhau
trong 1 nhm A. Tng s ht protong trong ht nhn 2 nguyn t 2 nguyn t l m ht.
V d 1: A v B l hai nguyn t thuc cng mt nhm A v hai chu k nh lin tip trong h thng tun
hon. Tng s p ca chng l 22. Xc nh v tr ca 2 nguyn t A, B trong BHTTH.
Gii:
TH1: 2 nguyn t cch nhau 8 n v:
ZA + ZB = 22
ZA ZB = 8
Gii h 2 phng trnh ta c: ZA =15 v ZB = 7.(nhn) Vit cu hnh ri suy ra v tr trong BTH

TH2: 2 nguyn t cch nhau 18 n v:

ZA + ZB = 22
ZA ZB = 18
Gii h 2 phng trnh ta c: ZA =20 v ZB = 2(loi) v khng cng 1 nhm A
Bi tp
Cu 1 :X v Y l 2 nguyn t thuc cng nhm A v 2 chu k lin tip trong bng tun hon . Tng s
proton trong ht nhn ca 2 nguyn t X v Y bng 32. X v Y l nhng nguyn t no trong cc p n sau
A. Na v K.
B. Mg v Ca.
C. K v Rb.
D. N v P.
Cu 2 : A v B l hai nguyn t thuc cng mt phn nhm chnh v hai chu k nh lin tip trong h
thng tun hon. Tng s p ca chng l 16. Xc nh v tr ca 2 nguyn t A, B trong BHTTH.
A. A, B thuc chu k 2 v 3, nhm IIA B. A, B thuc chu k 2 v 3, nhm VA
C. A, B thuc chu k 3 v 4, nhm IV
D. A, B thuc chu k 3, nhm IIA, IIIA
Cu 3: A v B l hai nguyn t thuc cng mt nhm A v hai chu k nh lin tip trong h thng tun
hon. Tng s p ca chng l 30. Xc nh v tr ca 2 nguyn t A, B trong BHTTH.
Cu 4: A v B l hai nguyn t thuc cng mt phn nhm chnh v hai chu k lin tip trong h thng
tun hon. Tng s in tch ht nhn ca chng l 24. Xc nh v tr ca 2 nguyn t A, B trong BHTTH.