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: N U N V N PHON TRN TRUNG PHONG NGUY N TH NGC PHNG DN TH NGA NGUY N V N N : 10A5 : 6
Ba n, 11/2013
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H TN STT NGUY N V N PHON 1 2 3 4 5 TRN TRUNG PHONG NGUY N TH NGC PHNG DN TH NGA NGUY N V N N
CHC V NH TRNG
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1. TNG QUAN a. Khi nim: Tr tu nhn to to (AI : Artificial Intelligence) l mt lnh vc y trin vng ca tin hc. Mc tiu ca hng nghin cu ny l thit k cc my c th m ng mt s hot ng thuc lnh vc tr tu ca con ngi hoc nhng hot ng c th ca con ngi (nh hiu ngn ng t nhin di dng vn bn vit tay, nghe v hiu ting ni). Cc thnh tu t c d rt khim tn nhng cng gy ra n tng rt mnh. b. Lch s pht trin: Mc d trong cc th k 18, 19 v u th k 20, s hnh thc ha trong khoa hc v ton hc to iu kin tin quyt v mt tr tu cho vic nghin cu tr tu nhn to, nhng phi cho n th k 20 cng vi s ra i ca my tnh s th Tr tu nhn mi tr thnh mt ngnh khoa hc c sc sng. Cho n cui nhng nm 1940, bng nhng chng trnh thng minh, cc my tnh s cho thy c tim nng to ln ca chng trong vic cung cp b nh v sc mnh cho nhng x l cn thit. Ngy nay, chng ta c th ci t cc h suy lun hnh thc vo trong my tnh v kim tra mt cch thc nghim kh nng biu l tr thng minh ca chng. Mt thnh phn khng th thiu c ca Tr tu nhn to l vic dng cc my tnh s nh mt phng tin chn la to ra v th nghim cc l thuyt v tr tu. Khng ch th, kin trc ca chng cn cung cp mt m hnh c trng cho nhng l thuyt : tr tu l mt hnh thc x l thng tin. Nhng k thut v hnh thc c kho st trong lnh vc Tr tu nhn to lun th hin mi quan h khng kht gia my tnh s v nhng ct li l thuyt ca n. c. Cc trng phi: Tr tu nhn to (TTNT) chia thnh hai trng phi t duy: TTNT truyn thng v Tr tu tnh ton. TTNT truyn thng hu nh bao gm cc phng php hin c phn loi l cc phng php hc my (machine learning), c trng bi h hnh thc (formalism) v phn tch thng k. Cc phng php gm c: H chuyn gia: p dng cc kh nng suy lun t ti mt kt lun. Mt h chuyn gia c th x l cc lng ln thng tin bit v a ra cc kt lun da trn cc thng tin . Lp lun theo tnh hung. Mng Bayes. Tr tu tnh ton nghin cu vic hc hoc pht trin lp (v d: tinh chnh tham s trong h thng, chng hn h thng connectionist). Vic hc da trn d liu kinh nghim v c quan h vi Tr tu nhn to phi k hiu, TTNT ln xn (scruffy AI) v tnh ton mm (soft computing). Cc phng php chnh gm c:
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Mng neuron: cc h thng mnh v nhn dng mu (pattern recognition). H m (Fuzzy system): cc k thut suy lun khng chc chn, c s dng rng ri trong cc h thng cng nghip hin i v cc h thng qun l sn phm tiu dng. Tnh ton tin ha (Evolutionary computation): ng dng cc khi nim sinh hc nh qun th, bin d v u tranh sinh tn sinh cc li gii ngy cng tt hn cho bi ton. Cc phng php ny thng c chia thnh cc thut ton tin ha (v d thut ton gien) v tr tu by n (swarm intelligence) (chng hn h kin). TTNT da hnh vi (Behavior based AI): mt phng php mun xy dng cc h thng TTNT bng tay. d. ng dng: Tr tu nhn to hin din rt nhiu lnh vc gip con ngi gim ti sc lao ng v nng cao cht lng sn phm, a ra cc nhn nh nhanh v chnh xc, hot ng n nh trong cc lnh vc: Ti chnh, Chm sc sc khe, cng nghip nng, vn chuyn, truyn thng, tr chi, iu hng chuyn bay, xut bn, 2. NI DUNG BNG HNH NH
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R bt nh c 3. KT LUN a. Kh khn Ngun ti liu qu ln nn kh chn lc c ti liu ph hp Nhiu ti liu bng ting anh b. Thun li y l ti c quan tm nn c nhiu ti liu lin quan. S dng tt cc cng c tm kim nn vic tm kim din ra thun li. 4. TI LIU THAM KHO [1] Sch gio khoa Tin hc 10, nh xut bn gio dc nm 2007 [2] Ti nguyn gio dc m Vit nam: http://old.voer.edu.vn/module/khoahoc-va-cong-nghe/gioi-thieu-tong-quan-ve-tri-tue-nhan-tao.html [3] Bch khoa ton th m: http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%AD_tu%E1%BB%87_nh%C3%A2n_t %E1%BA%A1o http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_artificial_intelligence [4] Cc hnh nh c tm kim trn
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