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c trng ca cc khong clinker (29/07/2013 4:39:26 PM) >> Clinker, thnh phn ha hc ca Clinker

>> Mt s yu cu k thut chnh ca cc loi nguyn liu trong sn xut xi mng

1. Khong Alit (54CaO.16SiO2.Al2O3.MgO = C54S16AM): l khong chnh ca clinker xi mng poc lng. Alit l dng dung dch rn ca khong C3S vi xit Al2O3 v MgO ln trong mng li tinh th thay th v tr ca SiO2. Khong C3S c to thnh nhit ln hn 12500C do s tc dng ca CaO vi khong C2S trong pha lng nng chy v bn vng n 20650C (c ti liu nu gii hn nhit bn vng ca C3S t 12500C 19000C). Alit c cu trc dng tm hnh lc gic, mu trng, c khi lng ring 3,15 3,25 g/cm3, c kch thc 10 250 m. Khi tc dng vi nc, khong Alit thy ha nhanh, ta nhiu nhit, to thnh cc tinh th dng si (c cng thc vit tt l CSH(B) gi l Tobermorit) an xen vo nhau to cho xi mng c cng cao v pht trin cng nhanh. ng thi n cng thi ra lng Ca(OH)2 kh nhiu nn km bn nc v nc cha ion sunphat. 2. Khong Blt (C2S): c cu trc dng trn, phn b xung quanh cc ht Alit. Blit l mt dng th hnh ca khong C2S, tn ti trong clinker khi lm ngui nhanh. Trong qu trnh nung clinker, do phn ng ca CaO vi SiO2 trng thi rn to thnh khong C2S nhit 600 11000C. Khong C2S c 4 dng khc nhau v hnh dng cu trc v cc tnh cht, gi l dng th hnh, l , '- , - v - C2S. S thay i trng thi cu trc ca Blt khi tng nhit ti xut hin pha lng v khi lm ngui ti nhit bnh thng rt phc tp v ph thuc vo nhiu yu t khc nhau. S bin i th hnh ca C2S trong qu trnh lm ngui m t sau y n gin ha rt nhiu. Khi lm ngui clinker, nu tc lm ngui chm s xy ra s bin i th hnh t dng - C2S sang dng - C2S km theo hin tng clinker b t thnh bt v c s tng th tch. Nguyn nhn v - C2S c khi lng ring l 2,97 g/cm3, nh hn khi lng ring ca - C2S l 3,28 g/cm3. - C2S khng c tnh kt dnh iu kin nhit v p sut thng, v vy trnh hin tng t clinker do s bin i th hnh t - C2S sang - C2S 5750C, cn n nh bng cch a mt s xit khc nh P2O5, BaO... vo mng li cu trc ca n to thnh dung dch rn. Khi tc dng vi nc, khong Belit thy ha chm, ta nhit t v cng to thnh cc tinh th dng si (c cng thc vit tt l CSH(B) gi l Tobermorit) an xen vo nhau to cho xi mng c cng cao. Tc pht trin cng ca khong Belit chm hn khong Alit; phi sau 1 nm ng rn cng ca Belit mi bng ca Alit. Belit thi ra lng Ca(OH)2 t hn Alit nn n to cho xi mng c bn n mn ra tri cao hn xi mng Alit. 3. Khong canxi aluminat (C3A): l cht trung gian mu trng nm xen gia cc ht Alit v Belit cng vi alumo ferit canxi (C4AF). Trong thnh phn ca C3A cng cha mt s tp cht nh SiO2 , Fe2O3 , MgO, K2O , Na2O.

Alumint canxi l khong quan trng cng vi Alit to ra cng ban u ca xi mng. Xi mng cha nhiu C3A to nhiu nhit khi ng rn, nu thiu hoc khng c thch cao lm chm s ng kt th xi mng s b ng rn rt nhanh (khng th thi cng c). C3A c t trng 3,04 g/cm3, l khong ng rn nhanh, cho cng cao nhng km bn trong mi trng sun pht. 4. Khong Canxi alumo ferit (C4AF): cng l cht trung gian, c t trng 3,77 g/cm3, mu en, nm xen gia cc ht Alit v Belit cng vi khong C3A. Khi nung clinker, do phn ng ca CaO vi Fe2O3 to thnh cc khong nng chy nhit thp (600 700OC) nh CaO.Fe2O3 (CF) , C2F ... Sau cc khong ny tip tc phn ng vi Al2O3 to thnh cc khong Canxi alumo ferit c thnh phn thay i nh C2F, C6A2F, C4AF, C6AF2. Cc khong ny b nng chy hon ton nhit 1250OC v tr thnh pha lng cng vi cc khong Canxi aluminat, to ra mi trng cho phn ng to thnh khong C3S, nn chng thng c gi l cht trung gian hoc pha lng clinker. Khi tc dng vi nc, Canxi alumo ferit thu ho chm, to nhit t v cho cng thp. 5. Cc khong khc: Ngoi 4 khong chnh trn, trong clinker cn cha pha thu tinh l cht lng nng chy b ng c li khi lm lnh clinker. Nu qu trnh lm ngui nhanh th cc khong C3A, C4AF, MgO (periclaz), CaOtd,v.v. khng kp kt tinh tch khi pha lng, khi pha thu tinh s nhiu. Ngc li, nu lm lnh chm th pha thu tinh s t. Khi lm ngui nhanh, cc khong s nm trong pha thu tinh dng ho tan nn c nng lng d tr ln lm cho clinker rt hot tnh v s to cho xi mng c cng ban u cao. Khi lm lnh chm, cc khong s kt tinh hon chnh, kch thc ln nn hot tnh vi nc s gim, hn na MgO v CaO t do s kt tinh thnh cc tinh th c lp, b gi ho nn d gy ra s ph hu cu trc ca xi mng, b tng v sau.

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