Ung Dung GIS Quan Ly Chat Thai Ran Cho Thanh Pho Dong Hoi - Quang Binh

TRNG I HC BN CNG TN C THNG
KHOA MI TRNG & BO H LAO NG

NGHNH KHOA HC MI TRNG
LUN VN TT NGHIP
NG DNG GIS QUN L CHT

THI RN CHO THNH PH
NG HI, QUNG BNH
SVTH
MSSV
LP
NG TH PHNG MAI
610485B
06MT2N
Ngy giao nhim v lun vn:

Ngy hon thnh lun vn:
TPHCM, Ngy thng nm 2006
Ging vin hng dn
Bi T Long
TRNG HBC TN C THNG

KHOA MI TRNG V BHL
CONG HOA XA HOI CHU NGHA VIET NAM

OC LAP - T DO - HANH PHUC
----------------------000-----------------------
NHIM V LUN N TT NGHIP

H V TN:
NG TH PHNG MAI
MSSV: 610485B
NGNH: Khoa hc mi trng
KHOA: Mi trng v Bo h lao ng
1. Tn lun vn: NG DNG GIS QUN L CHT THI RN CHO THNH
PH NG HI, QUNG BNH
2. Nhim v (yu cu ni dung v s liu ban u):
- iu kin t nhin, kinh t - x hi Tp. ng Hi, hin trng qun l cht thi
rn ti Tp. ng Hi.
- C s l lun v thc tin ca Lun vn
- Xy dng c s d liu cho cng tc qun l CTR ti Tp. ng Hi
- Phn mm Waste v ng dng trong cng tc qun l CTR ti Tp. ng Hi
3. Ngy giao lun vn:1/10/2006
4. Ngy hon thnh nhim v:15/12/2006
5. H tn ngi hng dn: TSKH. Bi T Long
6. Ni dung v yu cu ca lun n c thng qua b mn
Ngy thng nm 2006
Ch nhim nghnh
Gio vin hng dn chnh
Bi T Long
Phn dnh cho khoa, b mn
Ngi duyt:.........................................................................................................
Ngi bo v: .......................................................................................................
im tng kt: ......................................................................................................
Ni lu tr lun n:...............................................................................................
LI CM N
Kho lun ny c hon thnh l cng sc v tnh cm ca thy c, bn b

v gia nh ginh cho em.
Trc ht em xin chn thnh gi li cm n thy hng dn, TSKH Bi T
Long ht lng hng dn v to iu kin thun li, cng nhng kin ng
gp su sc nht cho em hon thnh lun vn tt nghip ny.
Em xin gi li bit n su sc nht n tt c cc thy c khoa Mi trng
v Bo h lao ng, trng HBC Tn c Thng, ht lng ging dy, truyn
t kin thc v gip cho em trong sut qu trnh hc tp.
Em cng gi li cm n chn thnh n k s Cao Duy Trng cng cc
anh ch phng GeoInformatics, Vin Mi trng v Ti nguyn, i hc Quc gia
Tp. H Ch Minh ch dn tn tnh trong sut thi gian hon thnh kho lun Tt
nghip.
ng thi em xin gi li cm n n tt c bn b ng vin v chia s
nhng kh khn trong qu trnh hc tp v lm lun vn tt nghip.
Cui cng, em xin by t lng bit n n gia nh, nhng ngi thn yu
nht, ginh cho em ht tnh cm v iu kin, chia s vi em nhng lc kh
khn nht em c th hon thnh tt qu trnh hc tp 4.5 nm i hc.
NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN

-------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ngy thng nm 2006

Gio vin hng dn
MC LC
MC LC .......................................................................................................................1
DANH MC CC BNG..............................................................................................4
DANH MC CC HNH ...............................................................................................6
DANH MC CC CH VIT TT..............................................................................8
M U .........................................................................................................................9
Tnh cp thit ca ti...................................................................................................9
Mc tiu ca lun vn....................................................................................................10
Ni dung cng vic thc hin........................................................................................10
Phm vi nghin cu .......................................................................................................11
Phng php nghin cu ...............................................................................................11
ngha ca ti ..........................................................................................................11
Chng 1
TNG QUAN V IU KIN T NHIN, HIN TRNG MI
TRNG THNH PH NG HI, TNH QUNG BNH...................................12
1.1
iu kin t nhin, kinh t x hi thnh ph ng Hi .................................12
1.1.1
iu kin t nhin.......................................................................................... 12
1.1.2
Tnh hnh x hi v dn s............................................................................. 13
1.1.3
Tnh hnh pht trin kinh t ........................................................................... 14
1.1.4
Sn xut cng nghip v tiu th cng nghip .............................................. 15
1.1.5
Sn xut nng nghip..................................................................................... 15
1.1.6
Thng mi v dch v. ................................................................................. 15
1.1.7
Gio dc - y t............................................................................................... 15
1.1.8
C s h tng ................................................................................................. 15
1.2
Hin trng qun l cht thi rn thnh ph ng Hi. ......................................16
1.2.1
Tng quan v cht thi rn thnh ph ng Hi ....................................... 16
1.2.2
Qun l nh nc v thu gom v x l rc thi thnh ph ng Hi........ 19
1.2.3
Thc trng thu gom rc thi........................................................................... 20
1.3
Phn tch nguyn nhn ca nhim cht thi rn ..............................................32
1.4
nh gi tng quan v cc vn mi trng tnh Qung Bnh. ......................34
Chng 2
MT S C S L LUN V THC TIN CA LUN VN .....36
2.1
H thng thng tin a l (GIS) v vai tr ca n trong cng tc qun l
CTRT ..........................................................................................................................36
2.1.1
nh ngha v GIS ......................................................................................... 36

1
2.1.2
Cc chc nng c bn ca h thng tin a l ............................................... 36
2.1.3
Cc thnh phn ca h GIS............................................................................ 37
2.1.4
Vai tr ca h thng thng tin a l trong nghin cu mi trng.............. 40
2.2
H thng thng tin mi trng...........................................................................41
2.2.1
nh ngha h thng thng tin mi trng .................................................... 42
2.2.2
C cu t chc ca HTTTMT ....................................................................... 42
2.2.3
Tnh cn thit phi ng dng CNTT vo qun l mi trng thnh ph
ng Hi ni ring v Vit Nam ni chung. ............................................................... 43
2.3
C s thc tin ca ti ...................................................................................44
2.3.1
ng dng GIS v CNTT qun l CTR ti mt nc trn th gii ................ 44
2.3.2
ng dng GIS v CNTT qun l CTR ti Vit Nam .................................... 47
2.4
M hnh nh gi hiu qu ca cng tc thu gom cht thi rn sinh hot .........48
2.4.1
Ch tiu hiu qu thu gom CTRSH................................................................ 48
2.4.2
Ch tiu hiu qu s dng xe gom ................................................................. 48
2.4.3
Ch tiu nh gi h thng vn chuyn.......................................................... 48
2.5
Tm tt ni dung chng ...................................................................................49
Chng 3
NG DNG PHN MM WASTE QUN L CHT THI RN
TI TP. NG HI .....................................................................................................50
3.1
S cu trc v chc nng chnh ca phn mm WASTE .............................50
3.2
Xy dng CSDL cho WASTE_DH....................................................................51
3.2.1
Khi GIS ........................................................................................................ 52
3.2.2
Module qun l CSDL d liu mi trng.................................................... 53
3.2.3
Module phn tch, truy vn, lm bo co ...................................................... 54
3.2.4
Khi m hnh ................................................................................................. 56
3.3
Xy dng khi CSDL v cc c quan chc nng lin quan ti cng tc qun l
cht thi th ti thnh ph ng Hi ........................................................................57
3.3.1
Cu trc d liu v i thu gom rc cng lp............................................... 58
3.3.2
Cu trc d liu v dn s theo cc Phng trong thnh ph ng Hi ..... 59
3.4
Xy dng CSDL v cc v tr thu gom v tuyn thu gom rc ............................60
3.4.1
Thng tin v cc im thu rc........................................................................ 60
3.4.2
Cc im ly rc cng cng.......................................................................... 61
3.4.3
Cu trc d liu v Phng tin thu gom...................................................... 62
3.4.4
Cu trc d liu v Tuyn ng thu gom.................................................... 62
3.4.5
Cu trc d liu v L trnh qut rc............................................................. 62

2
3.4.6
Cu trc d liu v L trnh thu gom ............................................................ 63
3.4.7
Cu trc d liu v im quan trc................................................................ 63
3.5
ng dng WASTE_DH vo cng tc qun l CTR ti Tp. ng Hi..............63
3.5.1
Nhp thng tin lin quan ti qun l CTR trn a bn thnh ph ng Hi63
3.5.2
Qut rc.......................................................................................................... 65
3.5.3
Xe c gii ...................................................................................................... 66
3.5.4
L trnh .......................................................................................................... 67
3.5.5
Ca trc............................................................................................................ 68
3.5.6
Bi chn lp ................................................................................................... 69
3.5.7
im tp kt................................................................................................... 70
3.5.8
Loi im tp kt ........................................................................................... 71
3.5.9
S liu kinh t x hi ..................................................................................... 72
3.6
Li ch t vic ng dng WASTE_DH..............................................................73
KT LUN ...................................................................................................................75
TI LIU THAM KHO .............................................................................................77
DANH MC CC BNG
Bng 1.1. Dn s thnh ph ng Hi tnh n ngy 31thng 12 nm 2003...............13
Bng 1.2. Cc ngun pht sinh cht thi rn thnh ph ng Hi............................16
Bng 1.3. T l phn trm khi lng rc thi..............................................................17
Bng 1.4. T l phn trm thnh phn rc thi..............................................................17
Bng 1.5. Danh sch thit b thu gom ...........................................................................20
Bng 1.6. Danh sch phng tin vn chuyn ..............................................................20
Bng 1.7. S dn trong tng x, phng tham gia thu gom rc thi.............................21
Bng 1.8. S lng cc im hn trn a bn thnh ph ng Hi ............................22
Bng 1.9. L trnh qut v thu gom rc ca t Hi Thnh. ...........................................24
Bng 1.10. L trnh qut rc v thu gom ca t Hi nh 1 .........................................24
Bng 1.11. L trnh qut rc v thu gom ca t ng M...........................................24
Bng 1.12. L trnh qut rc v thu gom ca t Bc L ..............................................26
Bng 1.13. L trnh qut rc v thu gom ca Nam L 1 ...............................................26
Bng 1.14. L trnh qut rc v thu gom ca Nam L 2 ...............................................26
Bng 1.15. L trnh qut rc v thu gom ca t Bc ng Ph....................................27
Bng 1.16. L trnh qut rc v thu gom ca t Nam ng Ph ..................................27
Bng 1.17. L trnh qut rc v thu gom ca t Lc Ninh............................................27
Bng 1.18. L trnh qut rc v thu gom ca t c Ninh ...........................................28
Bng 1.19. L trnh qut rc v thu gom ca Hi nh 2 .............................................28
Bng 1.20. L trnh qut rc v thu gom ca t ng Sn...........................................29
Bng 3.1. Chc nng chnh trong module bn trong WASTE.................................53
Bng 3.2. Chi tit chc nng truy vn trong WASTE phin bn 2.0 ............................54
Bng 3.3. Cu trc d liu v S Ti nguyn v Mi trng .......................................57
Bng 3.4. Cu trc d liu v Cng ty Cng trnh th tnh Qung Bnh ..................58
Bng 3.5. Thng tin v i V Sinh .............................................................................58
Bng 3.6. Thng tin v T V Sinh...............................................................................59
Bng 3.7. Cu trc d liu v cc Phng ....................................................................59
Bng 3.8. Cu trc d liu v Bi chn lp...................................................................59
Bng 3.9. Thng tin v cc nh my x nghip c ng k thu gom ............................60
Bng 3.10. Cu trc d liu ca tng im thu gom cng cng ..................................61
Bng 3.11. Thng tin v cc im ly rc cng cng ...................................................61
Bng 3.12. Thng tin v Phng tin thu gom rc........................................................62
4
Bng 3.13. Thng tin v tuyn ng thu gom rc.......................................................62

Bng 3.14. Thng tin v l trnh qut rc......................................................................62
Bng 3.15. Thng tin v l trnh thu gom rc ...............................................................63
Bng 3.16. Cu trc d liu v im quan trc .............................................................63
DANH MC CC HNH
Hnh 1.1. Bn v tr a l thnh ph ng Hi .......................................................12
Hnh 1.2. C cu t chc qun l cht thi rn thnh ph ng Hi ........................19
Hnh 1.3. S t chc ca Cng ty Cng trnh th ................................................19
Hnh 1.4. S h thng thu gom cht thi hin nay thnh ph ng Hi ..............22
Hnh 2.1. Cc chc nng c bn ca h thng thng tin a l.....................................37
Hnh 2.2. Cc thnh phn ca h GIS ...........................................................................37
Hnh 2.3. Phn mm ......................................................................................................37
Hnh 2.4. Nhp d liu ..................................................................................................38
Hnh 2.5. Bin i d liu .............................................................................................38
Hnh 2.6. Xut v trnh by d liu ...............................................................................39
Hnh 2.7. S t chc ca GIS ...................................................................................40
Hnh 2.8. C cu t chc ca HTTTMT .......................................................................43
Hnh 3.1. S cu trc v phn mm WASTE 2.0.....................................................51
Hnh 3.2. Ngun thng tin cho WASTE_DH hot ng...............................................52
Hnh 3.3. S cu trc CSDL mi trng trong WASTE_DH.................................52
Hnh 3.4.S cu trc module nhp liu cho WASTE...............................................53
Hnh 3.5. S cu trc chc nng bo co trong WASTE.........................................55
Hnh 3.6. S mi quan h gia cc chc nng h tr qun l trong WASTE .........55
Hnh 3.7. S chi tit mi lin h gia cc khi trong WASTE cng nh gia
WASTE v CSDL mi trng ......................................................................................56
Hnh 3.8. S lm vic ca m hnh trong WASTE ..................................................57
Hnh 3.9 CSDL v S Ti nguyn v Mi trng Qung Bnh...................................64
Hnh 3.10 Cng ty Cng trnh th ............................................................................64
Hnh 3.11 Trang thng tin v t qut rc ......................................................................65
Hnh 3.12 Thng tin v t qut rc................................................................................65
Hnh 3.13 Trang thng tin v xe c gii .......................................................................66
Hnh 3.14 Thng tin v xe c gii.................................................................................66
Hnh 3.15 Trang thng tin v L trnh ..........................................................................67
Hnh 3.16 Thng tin v l trnh .....................................................................................67
Hnh 3.17 Trang thng tin v ca trc ............................................................................68
Hnh 3.18 Thng tin v ca trc......................................................................................68
Hnh 3.19 Trang thng tin v Bi chn lp ...................................................................69
6
Hnh 3.20 Thng tin v Bi chn lp ............................................................................69

Hnh 3.21 Trang thng tin v im tp kt rc thi.....................................................70
Hnh 3.22 Thng tin v im tp kt rc thi ..............................................................70
Hnh 3.23 Trang thng tin v loi im tp kt............................................................71
Hnh 3.24 Thng tin v loi im tp kt .....................................................................71
Hnh 3.25 Thng tin s liu kinh t - x hi..................................................................72
Hnh 3.26 Thng tin s liu kinh t - x hi..................................................................72
Hnh 3.27 Xem thng tin v cc im thu gom rc thi................................................73
Hnh 3.28 Chc nng to i tng mi trng mi nh: bi rc, im tp kt ..........74
Hnh 3.29 V tr ca cc thng ng rc .......................................................................74
DANH MC CC CH VIT TT
BCL
Bi Chn Lp
CSDL
C s d liu
CSSX
C s sn xut
CTCTT
Cng ty Cng trnh th
CTRCN
Cht thi rn cng nghip
CTRT
Cht thi rn th
CTRSH
Cht thi rn sinh hot

Environmental Information System H thng
EIS
thngtin mi trng
Geographic Information System H thng thng tin
GIS
a l
HTTTMT
H thng thng tin mi trng
UBND
y Ban Nhn Dn
Solid WAste management for Dong Hoi city
WASTE
CompuTEr Tool Cng c tin hc qun l cht thi

rn ti thnh ph ng Hi.
M U
Tnh cp thit ca ti
Trong nhng nm gn y Vit Nam v ang y mnh cng nghip ho
t nc nhm a t nc c bn tr thnh nc cng nghip pht trin vo nm
2020. Qu trnh pht trin mang li nhng li ch kinh t x hi to ln, gp phn
nng cao i sng vt cht v tinh thn cho nhn dn, to ra nhiu c hi vic lm v
thu nhp n nh cho nhn dn.
Tnh n ngy 31/12/2003 trn a bn c nc c 72.012 doanh nghip (trong
c 1.898 doanh nghip quc doanh Trung ng, 2.947 doanh nghip a phng,
64.526 doanh nghip ngoi quc doanh v 2.641 doanh nghip c vn u t nc
ngoi), trong s 95,4% l doanh nghip va v nh (<300 lao ng). Tc tng
trng kinh t ti Vit Nam trong thp k ti c tnh t trung bnh 7%/nm.
Hng nm tng khi lng cht thi rn pht sinh trn ton quc khong 15
triu tn, trong c trn 2,8 triu tn cht thi rn cng nghip (chim 30 37%
tng ti lng cht thi rn). Cht thi rn cc trung tm cng nghip pha Bc v
pha Nam chim khong 80%, trong Vng Kinh t trng im pha Nam chim
50%, Vng ng bng sng Hng v ven Bc b chim 30% tng khi lng
CTRCN.
tr li cu hi Sng trong mt x hi c nhiu cht thi c ngha l g ?
chng ta hy hnh dung bc tranh v ngi tiu dng M nm b mt khi lng
ng kinh ngc cc cht thi rn bao gm: Lng nhm b i ch trong 3 thng cng
ch to ton b my bay ca nc M, lng thu tinh vt b ch trong hai
tun cht cao bng trung tm thng mi quc t cao 412 m, lng lp b i
trong mt nm qun quanh hnh tinh ba ln, lng cc, a b i dng trong
mt nm phc v 6 ba n cho tt c mi ngi trn ton cu, mt lng vi
b i khong 18 triu n v trong mt nm, nu ni li t u ny n u kia
ni lin ti mt trng v tr v 7 ln, b i khong 2 t li dao co ru, 1,6 t bt ch,
500 triu bt la trong mt nm, khong 8 triu ti vi mt nm, mi gi khong 2,5
triu cht do khng s dng li c, khong 14 t catalog v 38 t cc mnh vn
bu phm mi nm.
9
Nh vy, v kha cnh qun l mi trng c th ni cht thi l ngun gc

ch yu dn ti ph hoi mi trng sng. Nu con ngi khng quan tm tho ng
ti cht thi hm nay, th ngy mai cht thi s loi b chnh con ngi ra khi mi
trng.
Thnh ph ng Hi l trung tm kinh t, chnh tr, vn ho v l u mi
giao thng quan trng ca tnh Qung Bnh. ng hnh vi s pht trin v sn xut
dch v ca thnh ph l nhng p lc v nhim mi trng do nhiu loi cht thi,
trong ch yu l cht thi rn gy ra. Hin nay, thnh ph ng Hi vn rc
thi ang tr nn rt bt cp. Tuy c nhiu c gng nhng phng thc qun l
ca cc c quan c thm quyn vn cn nhiu vn cn phi lu nh cch qun l
khng thng nht, x l s liu cha nhanh, cng tc thu gom, vn chuyn, x l rc
thinhng bt cp ny kh trnh khi trong qu trnh pht trin kinh t - x hi
nhng cng l vn i hi phi gii quyt trong thi gian sp ti.
gii quyt nhng bt cp trn cn nghin cu ng dng cc gii php cng
ngh hin i trong c cng ngh thng tin ni chung v cng ngh h thng
thng tin a l (GIS). Tnh hnh v sinh mi trng thnh ph ng Hi nu
khng thc s c quan tm ng mc th chc chn cht thi rn s nh hng
khng nh n chnh cuc sng ca ngi dn, lm mt m quan th v ng Hi
s khng cn l mt thnh ph trong lnh, th mng bn dng sng Nht L hin ho
trong mt tng lai khng xa.
Mc tiu ca lun vn.
-
Tin hc ho qu trnh nhp, xut d liu mi trng lin quan n h thng

qun l cht thi rn trn a bn thnh ph ng Hi.
H tr ra quyt nh chnh xc hn vi h thng thng tin cp nht v h

thng phc v cho mc tiu pht trin bn vng.
Ni dung cng vic thc hin

-
Thu thp d liu bn s thnh ph ng Hi, (ng dng phn mm GIS

nh MapInfo, ).
Thu thp cc d liu v qui trnh qun l nh nc v cht thi rn ti thnh

ph ng Hi, c s d liu v bi chn lp rc; v phng tin k thut thu
gom, vn chuyn rc; v tr cc im hn; thu thp s liu v khi lng rc
ti bi chn lp, quan trc cht lng nc r rc; Thu thp s liu v cc
tuyn xe thu gom, vn chuyn.
10
T hin trng h thng qun l cht thi rn ca Thnh ph ng Hi, ng

dng tin hc nng cao hiu qu qun l cng tc thu gom, vn chuyn v
x l cht thi rn bng cch xy dng phn mm tr gip c thc hin
trn c s ng dng cng ngh GIS, cng ngh c s d liu ca nhm
ENVIM.
Phm vi nghin cu
-
V a l: ti gii hn phm vi xem xt ti thnh ph ng Hi.
V mi trng: do thi gian v s hn ch v s liu nn lun vn ch cp

n cht thi rn sinh hot th.
V cng ngh:
+ ng dng cng ngh GIS v CSDL

+ Phn mm ENVIM
+ S dng s liu quy hoch d bo s lng cht thi rn sinh hot n nm
2010.
Phng php nghin cu
-
Phn tch ti liu trong v ngoi nc lin quan ti ti.
Phng php thng k trong nghin cu mi trng.
ngha ca ti
-
Xc nh hin trng cht cht thi rn trn a bn thnh ph ng Hi.
xut bin php qun l cht thi rn nhm gim thiu nhim.
ng dng tin hc trong cng tc qun l c s d liu cht thi rn . Khi cc

s liu c tin hc ha th vic truy vn d liu cn thit trong thi gian
xc nh s nhanh hn. T nhng s liu cp nht s xy dng m hnh
nhim tch hp v d bo vng nhim, mc nhim.
11
1.
CHNG 1
Chng 1 TNG QUAN V IU KIN T NHIN, HIN TRNG

MI TRNG THNH PH NG HI,
TNH QUNG BNH
1.1 iu kin t nhin, kinh t x hi thnh ph ng Hi
1.1.1 iu kin t nhin
1.1.1.1 V tr a l
Hnh 1.1. Bn v tr a l thnh ph ng Hi

Thnh ph ng Hi l thnh ph trc thuc tnh Qung Bnh, c ta a l
17 22 v Bc, 106039 kinh ng, nm trn quc l 1A, cch thnh ph Hu
160 km v pha Nam v cch th H Ni 490 km v pha Bc. Din tch ton
thnh ph theo a gii hnh chnh l 156 km2.
0
Pha Bc thnh ph gip huyn B Trch.
Pha Nam v Ty Nam gip huyn Qung Ninh.
Pha ng gip bin ng v sng Nht L.

12
Pha Ty gip dy Trng Sn.
1.1.1.2 a hnh
Thnh ph ng Hi c a hnh a dng, bao gm vng i ni, vng ng
bng, vng ct ven bin v thm lc a pha Nam Vnh Bc B.
Pha Ty l dy Trng Sn, i ni him tr, pha ng ven bin l nhng
cn ct ko di, a hnh nghing theo hng Ty ng. ng bng b chia ct
bi cc cn ct v sng ngi, hnh thnh cc vng sinh thi khc nhau.
1.1.1.3 Kh hu
ng Hi nm trong vng kh hu nhit i gi ma vng trung Trung b, vi
hai ma ch yu l ma ng (t thng 3 nm sau) v ma H (t thng 4 n thng
10. L mt trong nhng vng c kh hu khc nghit nht Vit Nam. Nhit trung
bnh nm: 24,40C, Bo thng xy ra t thng 8 n thng 10 trong nm.
1.1.1.4 Thu vn
Mng li thu vn ca thnh ph ng Hi kh phong ph, c c h v
sng.Trn a bn c 4 con sng : sng Nht L, Sng M Cng, Sng L K, Sng
Cu Ro, trong sng Nht L l con sng c nh hng ln nht v trc tip nht
n ch thu vn ca thnh ph.
1.1.2 Tnh hnh x hi v dn s
1.1.2.1 Dn s
L thnh ph nm cnh sng Nht L, ng Hi c 8 phng, 6 x vi tng s
dn theo thng k nm 2005 l 101.085 ngi, din tch l 156 km2 v mt dn s
trung bnh ca ton thnh ph l 648 ngi/km2. Dn c y ch yu l ngi
Kinh.
Bng 1.1.Dn s thnh ph ng Hi tnh n ngy 31thng 12 nm 2003
TT
Tn phng, x
Dn s nm 2003
(ngi)
Mt dn s
(ngi/km2)
13
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Thnh th
Phng Nam L
Phng Bc L
Phng ng Sn
Phng ng Ph
Phng Hi nh
Phng ng M
Phng Hi Thnh
Phng Ph Hi
58.303
11.582
13.496
9.026
8.366
4.263
43.124
4.970
3.476
1.279,9
2.969
1.324
459
2.190
3.113
5.386
2.020
1.132
9
10
11
12
13
14
Nng thn
X Quang Ph
X Lc Ninh
X Bo Ninh
X c Ninh
X Ngha Ninh
X Thun c
39.266
2.050
6.743
6.540
10.614
9.955
3.464
355,5
578
499
399
1.271
414
76
97.569
625,4
Tng cng
(Ngun [10])
Nh vy trong cc phng ni thnh, phng ng M c mt dn c cao nht
(5.386 ngi/km2), phng ng Sn c mt dn c thp nht( 459 ngi/km2).
Trong cc x ngoi thnh, x c Ninh c mt dn c ln nht (1.271 ngi/km2)
v x Thun c c mt dn c thp nht (76 ngi/km2).
T l gia tng dn s t nhin ca thnh ph l 1%, t l sinh l 1,35% v t l t
l 0,35%.
1.1.2.2 Lao ng
n nay, thnh ph ng Hi gii quyt c khong 80% s lao ng trong
tui c vic lm n nh. Cht lng lc lng lao ng tng i cao. Hin ti,
s lao ng ni th tui lao ng l 48.272 ngi chim 50%.
1.1.3 Tnh hnh pht trin kinh t
Mc sng ca ngi dn ng Hi ang ngy cng c ci thin v nng cao,
GDP bnh qun nm 2003 t 400 USD/ngi/nm [6].ng Hi v ang xy
dng nhiu c s sn xut dch v nh:
-
Khu cng nghip pha Ty Bc, Nh my ch bin xut khu Nng thu sn
ng Hi, Khu du lch Bo Ninh.
Sn bay ng Hi cng c khi cng xy dng vo thng 8 nm 2004

v d kin hon thnh vo thng 4 nm 2006 vi tng mc u t hn 212,8
t ng.
14
1.1.4 Sn xut cng nghip v tiu th cng nghip

Hin nay, trn a bn thnh ph c hn 1.250 c s cng nghip v tiu th
cng nghip. Trong , cc c s sn xut c kh nng gy nhim lm nh hng
n mi trng khu vc l Nh my Nhm thanh nh hnh ng Hi, Nh my xi
mng s 1, X nghip ch bin sc sn xut khu.
1.1.5 Sn xut nng nghip
Thnh ph ng Hi c khong 30% dn s hot ng sn xut nng nghip,
ch yu tp trung cc x ngoi thnh.
1.1.6 Thng mi v dch v.
Hot ng thng mi v dch v ang c xu hng pht trin mnh.
Theo s liu thng k ca thnh ph, hot ng ny trn a bn t t trng
28.9% nm 2003.To dng nhiu c s h tng phc v du lch, thu ht nhiu du
khch n tham quan. Dch v mi nm tng doanh thu 11,2% [6].
1.1.7 Gio dc - y t.
a. Gio dc
13/14 x, phng t tiu chun ph cp gio dc Trung hc c s, c 10 trng
t tiu chun quc gia. S hc sinh t gii trong cc k thi cp tnh, cp quc gia.
Nh vy, trnh dn tr ca thnh ph ng Hi ngy cng c nng cao v c s
lng ln cht lng.
b. Y t
n nay, 14/14 x, phng c trm y t, trong c 8 trm y t c bc s. Trn
a bn thnh ph c mt bnh vin ln Bnh vin Hu Ngh Vit Nam Cu Ba
ng Hi, vi hn 400 ging bnh. Phng khm ca thnh ph c 40 ging bnh
v cc trm y t x, phng c 57 ging bnh. T l tr em tim chng t 100%.
1.1.8 C s h tng
a. i vi giao thng vn ti.
- ng b: ng Hi c cc tuyn ng quc l chy qua nh quc l15,
quc l 1A i qua thnh ph vi tng chiu di l 13 km.
-
ng st: Ti thnh ph c tuyn ng st Bc Nam chy qua vi chiu

di on ng nm trong phm vi thnh ph tng cng l 12 km.
ng thu: ng Hi c sng Nht L chy qua v ca sng nm ngay

trn a bn ca thnh ph nn rt thun tin cho vic giao lu bng ng
thu.
15
ng hng khng: Hin c mt sn bay dn dng pha ng Bc ca thnh

ph. Sn bay cha c thit b k thut phc v cho vic ch huy h cnh, ct
cnh v hin cha c a vo s dng.
b. i vi vn cp in.
Thnh ph ng Hi nm trn tuyn ng dy ti in Quc gia, y c trm
truyn ti 200 KV v 500 KV nn cc iu kin s dng in ht sc thun tin. Tnh
n nay c hn 99% h dn thnh ph s dng in. Ring in chiu sng
cng cng thnh ph lp t c vi chiu di hn 44.900m.
1.2 Hin trng qun l cht thi rn thnh ph ng Hi.
1.2.1 Tng quan v cht thi rn thnh ph ng Hi
1.2.1.1 Cc ngun pht sinh cht thi rn thnh ph ng Hi.
Thnh ph ng Hi c tng s dn hn 100 nghn ngi vi 21.416 h, mc
sng ca ngi dn kh cao v n nh. Do vy lng rc thi ra hng ngy thnh
ph tng i ln. Thnh ph cn c hn 1330 c s sn xut cng nghip v tiu
th cng nghip m ch yu l bia, ru, sn phm may mc, vt liu xy dng, ch
bin thc phm, Hin nay, thnh ph c 8 ch ln, 7 ch nh, mt trng Cao
ng, 3 trng Trung cp, 43 trng hc, 318 n v c quan hnh chnh, mt bnh
vin ln v cc c s y t, trm x, cc khch sn, nh hng, bn xe, cng sng, nh
ga, y chnh l ngun thi cn phi c thu gom v qun l.
Cc ngun pht sinh cht thi rn thnh ph s c trnh by c th qua bng
di y.
Bng 1.2. Cc ngun pht sinh cht thi rn thnh ph ng Hi
STT
Loi rc
T l khi lng (%)
Rc sinh hot
90.0
Rc cng nghip khng c hi
1.5
Rc cng vin, rc t do
2.0
Rc bi bin
1.0
Rc qut ng
1.0
Rc bn vt cng
0.5
Bn hm pht
1.0
Rc xy dng
2.0
Rc y t
0.5
16
10
Rc cng nghip c hi
0.5
(Ngun [13])
1.2.1.2 Khi lng rc thi

Tng lng rc thi ton thnh ph khong 110 tn/ ngy m (s liu thng k
nm 2004). Trong lng rc thi khu ni thnh khong 66,99 tn chim 60,90%
v khu vc ngoi thnh l 43,01 tn, chim 39,1 % lng rc ton thnh ph [1].
Bng 1.3. T l phn trm khi lng rc thi

TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
i tng rc thi
H gia nh
Rc ch
C quan
Trng hc
X nghip
Bnh vin, y t, trm y t
Khch sn
Nh hng
Ca hng, TM, DV
Bn xe, ga tu
Rc ng, rc xy dng
Tng cng
Ni th
29,15
4,56
0,71
1,89
1,69
1,52
2,01
5,24
12,93
0,21
10,12
Ngoi th
19,63
3,03
0,39
1,13
1,12
0,95
2,04
3,02
2,98
7,09
Ton thnh ph
48,78
7,59
1,10
3,03
2,81
2,47
2,01
7,28
15,90
3,20
17,21
66,99
43,01
110
(Ngun [13])
Nh vy trong tng s lng rc thi th thnh ph rc thi h gia nh

chim t l ln nht, gn 50% tng lng rc thi.
1.2.1.3 Thnh phn rc thi
Thnh phn rc thi thnh ph ng Hi c t l nh sau:
Bng 1.4. T l phn trm thnh phn rc thi
Thnh phn rc thi
Rc thc phm, rc nh bp
Rc giy
Nha
G, c rc sn vn
Thu tinh, chai l
Kim loi
Cao su, t ai
Rc khc
T l (%)
40,1
5,7
11,4
22,7
13,3
1,2
0,3
4,8
17
Tng cng
100
(Ngun [6])
Do thnh ph ng Hi lun c s thay i ln theo khng gian v thi gian,

nn rc trong ni thnh nhng v tr khc nhau c th c thnh phn khc nhau v
thng thng rc ch v rc h gia nh c thnh phn hu c cao hn so vi rc thi
ca cc x nghip cng nghip v rc thi t cc cng trnh..
18
1.2.2 Qun l nh nc v thu gom v x l rc thi thnh ph ng Hi

C cu t chc qun l cht thi rn thnh ph ng Hi c th hin qua s
di y.
UBND Tnh
Qung Bnh
UBND thnh ph
ng Hi
UBND cc
Phng, X
S TN&MT, S Du lch,
S Ti chnh, ..
Khi c quan qun l

Nh nc
Khi cc n v
s nghip
Cng ty Cng trnh

th
H thng thu gom,

x l cht thi rn
Hnh 1.2. C cu t chc qun l cht thi rn thnh ph ng Hi

(Ngun [13])
Hnh 1.3. S t chc ca Cng ty Cng trnh th

(Ngun: Cng ty Cng trnh th,11/2005)
19
1.2.3
Thc trng thu gom rc thi
1.2.3.1 Bi rc Lc Ninh
Bi rc hin hu ca thnh ph l bi rc Lc Ninh, cch trung tm thnh ph 7
km, c bt u a vo s dng nm 1995. Hin nay bi rc sp phi ng ca v
bi rc khng c h thng x l nc r r v cc vn v sinh mi trng khng
c m bo.
1.2.3.2 Cc phng tin thu gom v x l rc
Phng tin ca h thng thu gom rc hin hnh l y tay, thng rc, xe p rc
thu gom ton b rc thi ca thnh ph. Xe p rc gm 6 chic c s dng
thu gom v vn chuyn rc i ti bi rc. H thng hin hnh khng s dng cc
phng tin nh thng cng ten n, xe ch cng ten n, bi rc trung chuyn. Rc
ng c thu gom bng cch dng chi tre qut, khng c xe qut ng. Rc bi
bin c thu gom bng cch nht th cng, cha c xe lm v sinh rc bi bin.
Danh sch thit b thu gom rc v vn chuyn rc c trnh by trong bng sau:
Bng 1.5. Danh sch thit b thu gom
STT
1
2
3
4
Loi
S lng
Thng nha ln
Thng nha nh
Thng tn
Xe y tay
Dung tch
Tui th
Tnh trng
(nm)
s dng
50
660L
4
Trung bnh
80
240L
14
Trung bnh
70
400L
3
Trung bnh
192
300L
15
Trung bnh
(Ngun: Cng ty Cng trnh th Qung Bnh, 11/2005)
Bng 1.6. Danh sch phng tin vn chuyn

STT
Loi xe
S lng
Nissan
Trng ti
(tn)
4
B phn
nng h
khng
Nissan
khng
Nissan
2.5
Fusso
2.5
khng
5
6
Hino
Huyndai
1
1
4
8
C
C
Tui th
Tnh trng
(nm)
s dng
>20
Thng h
hng
>20
Thng h
hng
>20
Thng h
hng
>20
Thng h
hng
7
Trung bnh
2
tt
(Ngun:Cng ty Cng trnh th Qung Bnh, 11/2005)
20
1.2.3.3 Nhn lc lao ng

Tng s cn b v cng nhn ca Cng ty l 187 ngi, trong c 97 cng
nhn trc tip tham gia cng tc thu gom vn chuyn rc thi. y l nhng ngi
thuc i v sinh mi trng I, II, v III ca Cng ty CTT ng Hi.
1.2.3.4 Cng tc thu gom
Hin c khong 60% khu vc th k hp ng thu gom vn chuyn rc thi,
trong mt s x ngoi thnh ch phc v thu gom n a bn trung tm ch ca
x.
S dn trong tng x, phng tham gia thu gom rc thi c th hin qua bng
di y:
Bng 1.7. S dn trong tng x, phng tham gia thu gom rc thi
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Tn n v
ng M
Hi nh
Hi Thnh
Ph Hi
c Ninh
Ngha Ninh
ng Sn
ng Ph
Nam L
Bc L
Lc Ninh
Quang Ph
Bo Ninh
Thun c
Tng cng
Tng s h
dn trn
a bn
Thc hin thu gom trong nm 2004

S c quan
S h
dn
S h
Quy i
thnh h dn
(* 5 ln)
634
87
435
781
164
820
885
67
335
538
8
40
1.133
15
75
177
14
70
769
13
65
1.564
66
330
2.036
76
380
903
30
150
175
23
115
34
170
799
1.041
1.070
694
2.535
2.322
1.971
1.928
2.662
3.011
1.670
697
590
426
21.416
9.640
597
2.985
(Ngun: Cng ty Cng trnh th Qung Bnh, 11/2005)
Nh vy, ch c 9.640/21.416 h dn tham gia hp ng thu gom rc thi chim

45% s h dn trong thnh ph.
Hng ngy i ng cng nhn lao ng y xe ci tin ca Cng ty CTT thc
hin thu rc mt phn ln ng, hm cc ng ngang m t khng vo c
a rc ra cc im tp trung. T im tp trung ny, rc c xc tin ln cc xe
cun p chuyn dng em i bi rc. Khu vn chuyn rc vi cc loi xe ti
hot ng ngy m vi 6 li xe gom rc t cc im rc ven ng, t cc thng
rc v a n bi chn lp hin ti.
21
Hnh 1.4. S h thng thu gom cht thi hin nay thnh ph ng Hi
(Ngun: Cng ty Cng trnh th, 2005)
Bnh qun khi lng rc thi c vn chuyn ra khi thnh ph hin ti
khong 60 tn/ ngy m, phn rc thi cn li cha c thu gom sau khi pht
sinh b xung cc dng sng, ven bin, ao h, m v cc im cng cng. Dn
c ngoi thnh c c vn, ry t hu cht thi bng cch ring ca mnh nh
phn, chn lp hoc t ti ch.
1.2.3.5 H thng im hn
Bng 1.8. S lng cc im hn trn a bn thnh ph ng Hi
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
V tr im hn
Gn trng ng
X nghip ch bin thu sn
Cng c
Gc ng An Dng Vng
ng ng Hi
Ch ng Ph
Ch Cng on
Thn Bc Hng
Dim in
Ch ng Hi
M Sut
ng Thanh Nin
ng Hng Giang
22
14
15
16
ng Cao B Qut
ng H Xun Hng
Bi bin
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
Gn Cng ty Trng Thnh

Giao T
c in
c Th
c Trng
ng hai B Trng
Bn xe ng Hi
Ch Nam L
Ch Bc L
Ch Lc Ninh
Bnh vin CuBa
TK1 Nam L
TK2 Nam L
TK7 Nam L
TK12 Bc L
Chn cu vt
Khu vc ng tu phng Bc ngha
Ch Cn
Trng trung cp kinh t
Cng an phng ng Sn
Gn hiu sch c
(Ngun: Cng ty Cng trnh th, 2006)
1.2.3.6 L trnh qut v thu gom rc ng ph

i Mi trng 1
-
Tn i trng :
Nguyn Xun Hng
a ch:
Khu C - Nam L
S t v sinh:
6 t
Tng s cng nhn qut v thu gom rc: 53 ngi
Din tch ng phi qut:
119.174 m2
Lng bnh qun :
850.000 ng/thng
6 t v sinh: t Hi Thnh, Hi nh 1, ng M, Ph Hi, t bin v t

sng, t phc v rc cng cng.
T Hi Thnh
23
T trng :
Nguyn Th K
S cng nhn : 9 ngi

Bng 1.9. L trnh qut v thu gom rc ca t Hi Thnh.
L trnh qut rc v thu gom ca t Hi Thnh
STT
L trnh
S cng
Ca
V tr giao
nhn
rc
Khng c
1
ng ng Hi
2 ngi
1,2
2
ng Trng Php
3 ngi
( 4h - 7h; 15h - 18h) nh,
3
ng L Thnh
2 ngi
ng
4
ng Bu Tr
2 ngi
T Hi nh 1
T trng :
L Th L
So cong nhan : 12 ngi

Bng 1.10. L trnh qut rc v thu gom ca t Hi nh 1
L trnh qut rc v thu gom ca t Hi nh 1
STT
L trnh
S cng
ca
V tr giao
nhn
rc
1
ng Nguyn Tri
Khng c
nh
2
ng C Tm
( 4h - 7h; 15h 19h)
3
ng M Sut
4
ng Nguyn Vit
Xun
5
ng Phm Tun
6
ng Thanh Nin
7
ng L Trc
8
ng Lm U
9
ng Thch Hn
10 ng Hng Giang Quch Xun K
11 ng Hng Vng
T ng M
T trng :
Giang Th Lng
S cng nhn : 12 ngi

Bng 1.11. L trnh qut rc v thu gom ca t ng M
STT
1
L trnh qut rc v thu gom ca t ng M

L trnh
S cng
Ca
nhn
ng L Thng Kit
1,2
V tr giao
rc
Khng c
24
ng Nguyn Du
3
4
5
ng Dng Vn An
ng Cao B Qut
ng Nguyn nh
Chiu
ng Nguyn c
Cnh
ng Nguyn Khuyn
ng Bi Th Xun
ng Phan Chu Trinh
ng L Quang nh
ng Hn Mc T
ng B.H, Thanh Quan
ng Phan Bi Chu
ng H Xun Hng
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
( 3h - 7h; 15h 18h)
nh
T Ph Hi
T trng :
L Th Tm
S cng nhn : 5 ngi

+ Ch qut ng Trng nh, thu gom rc cc thn Dim Trng, thn Din
Hi.
+ Ca: 3h - 7h; 15h - 18h
T bin v t sng
T trng :
Hong Vn n
S cng nhn : 8 ngi

+ Thu gom rc ca b sng Nht L v bin Nht L
+ Ca: 5h - 8h; 14h - 18h
T phc v rc cng cng
T trng :
inh Hong H
S cng nhn : 7 ngi

+ Phc v cho vic cu thng rc
+ Ca : 5h - 8h; 14h - 18h
i Mi trng 2
-
Tn i trng :
Hong Vit u
a ch:
Khu C - Nam L
25
S t v sinh:
Tng s cng nhn qut v thu gom rc:
68 ngi
Din tch ng phi qut:
139.501 m2
Lng bnh qun :
850.000 ng/thng
6 t v sinh: t Bc L, Nam L 1, Nam L 2, Bc ng Ph, Nam ng

Ph, Lc Ninh
6 t
T Bc L
T trng :
Nguyn Vn Lng
S cng nhn : 15 ngi

Bng 1.12. L trnh qut rc v thu gom ca t Bc L
L trnh qut rc v thu gom ca t Bc L
STT
L trnh
S cng nhn
Ca
V tr giao rc
1
ng Hu Ngh
( 4h - 7h; Khng c nh
15h - 18
2
ng Trng Chinh
h)
3
ng F325
4
ng Phan nh Phng
5
ng Trn Quang Khi
6
ng H Huy Tp
T Nam L 1
T trng :
Hong Th Hi
S cng nhn : 10 ngi

Bng 1.13. L trnh qut rc v thu gom ca Nam L 1
L trnh qut rc v thu gom ca Nam L 1
STT
L trnh
S cng nhn
Ca
( 3h - 6h; 16h
1
ng V Th Su
- 19 h)
2
ng Hong Diu
3
ng Ng Gia T
V tr giao rc
Khng c
nh,
T Nam L 2
T trng :
Nguyn Th Cm Nhung
S cng nhn : 10 ngi

Bng 1.14. L trnh qut rc v thu gom ca Nam L 2
L trnh qut rc v thu gom ca Nam L 2
STT
L trnh
S cng nhn
Ca
V tr giao rc
1
ng Tn c Thng
( 3h - 6h;
Khng c nh
14h - 17 h)
2
ng Trn Hng o
26
3
4
5
ng Nguyn Vn C
ng Xun Diu
ng Hong Diu
T Bc ng Ph
T trng :
inh Gia Chung
S cng nhn : 15 ngi

Bng 1.15. L trnh qut rc v thu gom ca t Bc ng Ph
L trnh qut rc v thu gom ca t Bc ng Ph
STT
L trnh
S cng nhn
Ca
V tr giao rc
1
ng L Thng Kit
( 3h - 6h; Khng c nh,
15h - 18
2
ng Hai B Trng
h)
3
ng Trn Hng o
4
ng B Triu
5
ng L T Trng
6
ng inh Tin Hong
7
ng Trn Nhn Tng
8
ng Ng Quyn
T Nam ng Ph
T trng :
Nguyn Vn H
S cng nhn : 10 ngi

Bng 1.16. L trnh qut rc v thu gom ca t Nam ng Ph
L trnh qut rc v thu gom ca t Nam ng Ph
STT
L trnh
S cng nhn
Ca
V tr giao rc
1
ng nguyn Hu Cnh
( 3h Khng c nh,
6h; 15h 2
ng Tn Tht Thuyt
18 h)
3
ng Hm Nghi
4
ng Phm Hng Thi
T Lc Ninh
T trng :
Nguyn Th B
S cng nhn : 8 ngi

Bng 1.17. L trnh qut rc v thu gom ca t Lc Ninh
L trnh qut rc v thu gom ca t Lc Ninh
STT
L trnh
S cng nhn
Ca
V tr giao rc
1
Quc l 1A
( 3h - 6h; 15h - Khng c nh
18 h)
2
Thn Quang Lc
i Mi trng 3
27
Tn i trng :
L Th L Dim
a ch:
Khu C - Nam L
S t v sinh:
3 t
Tng s cng nhn qut v thu gom rc:
32 ngi
Din tch ng phi qut:
25.732 m2
S h phi thu gom:
2.892 h
Lng bnh qun :
850.000 ng/thng
3 t v sinh: to c Ninh, t ng Sn, t Hi nh2
T c Ninh
T trng :
Phan Th Chu
S cng nhn : 8 ngi

Bng 1.18. L trnh qut rc v thu gom ca t c Ninh
STT
1
2
3
L trnh qut rc v thu gom ca t c Ninh

L trnh
S cng
Ca
nhn
ng L Li
( 4h - 7h; 15h 18
h)
ng Nguyn Vn
C
Thn c Trng,c
in, c Th, c
Thu, c Phong
V tr giao rc
Khng c
nh,
T Hi nh 2
T trng :
ng L Chu
S cng nhn : 15 ngi

Bng 1.19. L trnh qut rc v thu gom ca Hi nh 2
L trnh qut rc v thu gom ca Hi nh 2
STT
L trnh
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
ng Nguyn Th Minh Khai

ng Nguyn Ch Thanh
ng Lu Thy
ng Nguyn Tri
ng L Vn Hu
ng Trn Bnh Trng
ng Mc nh Chi
ng Nguyn Vn Tri
ng Nguyn Bnh Khim
ng Trn Ph
ng L Dun
S cng nhn
Ca
( 4h - 7h;
15h - 18 h)
V tr giao
rc
Khng c
nh,
28
T ng Sn
T trng :
Phan Th Hoa
S cng nhn : 9 ngi

Bng 1.20. L trnh qut rc v thu gom ca t ng Sn
L trnh qut rc v thu gom ca t ng Sn
STT
L trnh
S cng
Ca
nhn
( 4h - 7h; 15h - 18
1
ng L Thi T
h)
2
ng L Hng Phong
3
ng Hong Vn Th
4
ng Phan ng Lu
5
ng Phm Ng Lo
V tr giao
rc
Khng c
nh
1.2.3.7 L trnh xe ti ch rc
L trnh xe 73L 3994
-
Quy trnh thu gom: rc ch v rc h dn
Li xe Hong Minh Hin, ti trng xe 8 tn.
Chu trnh thu gom: 3 ln/ngy
Thi gian thu gom:
T im hn xut pht n im hn u tin:

Sng 4h30, chiu 16h30
Thi gian t im hn cui n bi :
Sng 9h, chiu 18h30
Thi gian t bi n ni u xe:
Sng 9h20, chiu 19h
-
L trnh thu gom v vn chuyn.
Chuyn 1: Khu C ng Hu Ngh ng V Th Su (ch ga) ng

Trn Hng o (cu vt) ng Hong Diu ng Phan nh Phng bi
rc.
Chuyn 2: Bi rc ng Trn Hng o B ng Dng Vn An ng
Nguyn Du B ng ng Hi Bi rc
Chuyn 3: Khu C ng Trn Hng o ng Tn Tht Thuyt (ch
ng Ph) ng Nguyn Hu Cnh ng Hong Diu (ch Cng on)
Bi rc
L trnh xe 73L 1498
-
Quy trnh thu gom: rc h dn

29
Li xe Nguyn Hu Cng, ti trng xe 2,5 tn.
Thi gian thu gom:

-
Chuyn 1: Khu C ng Nguyn Hu Cnh thn Dim Trng thn

Din Hi ng Phan nh Phng bi rc.
Chuyn 2: Bi rc ng Trn Hng o B ng Hng Giang ng
Nguyn Tri B ng Phan nh Phng Bi rc
Chuyn 3: Khu C ng Quang Trung thn Bc Hng ng Nguyn
Hu Cnh ng Phan nh Phng Bi rc
L trnh xe 73L 1651
-
Li xe Bi Thanh Hi, ti trng xe 4 tn.
Thi gian thu gom:

-
Chuyn 1: Khu C ng Nguyn Hu Cnh ng M Sut ch ng

Hi ng C Tm ng Lm U ng Thanh Nin ng Hng
Giang bi rc.
Chuyn 2: Bi rc ng Trn Hng o ng Cao B Qut B ng H
Xun Hng ng Trng Php B ng Quch Xun K ng Thanh
Nin Bi rc
30
Chuyn 3: Khu C gp thng phng ng M, Hi nh, Hi Thnh Bi

rc
Chuyn 4: Bi rc ng Trn Hng o ng Hn Mc T B ng H
Xun Hng B ng Quch Xun K ng Thanh Nin Bi rc
L trnh xe NISSAN khng s
-
Quy trnh thu gom: rc h dn
Li xe Trng Ngc Sn, ti trng xe 4 tn.
Thi gian thu gom:

-
Chuyn 1: Khu C ng Nguyn Hu Cnh ng Quang Trung ng

L Li thn Dim Bc, thn Bnh Phc, thn Giao T ng Nguyn Vn C
ng Phan nh Phng bi rc.
Chuyn 2: Bi rc ng Nguyn Vn C thn c in, c Th Bi
rc
Chuyn 3: Khu C ng Nguyn Hu Cnh ng L Li thn Dim
Thng, Dim H, c Trng Bi rc
Chuyn 4: Bi rc ng Nguyn Vn C phng c Ninh ng Bi
rc
L trnh xe FUSSO khng s
-
Li xe Hong Minh Sinh, ti trng xe 4 tn.
Thi gian thu gom:

31

-
Chuyn 1: Khu C ng Hu Ngh ng L Thng Kit ng Hai

B Trng ng Trn Hng o ng Phan nh Phng bi rc.
Chuyn 2: Bi rc ng F325 Quc l 1A ng Hu Ngh Bi rc
Chuyn 3: Khu C Tiu khu 10 Nam L, tiu khu 1 Nam L, tiu khu 2 Nam
L Bi rc
Chuyn 4: Bi rc Tiu khu 7 Bc L, Tiu khu 12 Bc L, tiu khu 7 Nam L
ng Trn Hng o Bi rc
L trnh xe 73L - 1452
-
Li xe Phan Thanh Tng, ti trng xe 2,5 tn.
Thi gian thu gom:

-
Chuyn 1: Khu C ng Nguyn Hu Cnh ng L Li ng L

Thi T ng L Hng Phong ng H Huy Tp ng Phan nh Phng
bi rc.
Chuyn 2: Bi rc Gp thng phng ng Ph Bi rc
Chuyn 3: Khu C ng Trn Hng o Tn c Thng ng Hong
Vn Th Bi rc
1.3 Phn tch nguyn nhn ca nhim cht thi rn
Trong nhng nm qua, mc d t c nhng tin b trong qun l rc thi.
Nhng nhn chung, r rng mt iu l vic qun l rc vn cha tt, rc cn tn
ng nhiu, mi trng v sinh chung ca th km, cht lng dch v cha tt,
mc hi lng ca khch hng cn thp, c ch hot ng ca qun l rc thi cn
mang tnh bao cp, cc bin php qun l cha ng b v cha i vo thc t, cha
pht huy v ng vin c s tham gia ca cc thnh phn c lin quan trong ton
32
x hi, cung cp dch v mang tnh c quyn. S d nh vy l do cc nguyn nhn

sau:
-
Nhng hn ch trong nhn thc ca ngi dn
thnh ph ng Hi vn cn tn ng rt nhiu h gia nh khng tham gia

hp ng thu gom rc thi m p dng cc bin php tiu hu ring ca gia nh
mnh. Thng l em rc cc sng, h gn nh hoc vt ba bi nhng khu
t trng, t b hoang,v tnh hnh thnh nn nhng bi rc cng cng khng
c qun l. Mt s bin php t tiu hu khc l t hoc chn lp.
-
Thiu kinh ph vn hnh duy tr h thng qun l cht thi rn.
Hin ti, ngn sch nh nc ch c th p ng mt phn cho cc hot ng vn

hnh ca Cng ty, kinh ph cho xy dng c s h tng cng nh mua sm trang thit
b hu nh l ph thuc vo cc d n u t. Ngun thu t l ph rc thi ch cung
cp 30% vn hot ng
-
Nhng bt cp trong trong x l rc thi.
Bi x l rc thi hin nay ca thnh ph qu c, nu tip tc thc hin nng

cp th s rng cc hot ng nng cp s b cn tr nghim trng do cc hot
ng vn hnh ti bi rc l cha hp v sinh, nng cp bi rc lc ny khng nhng
tn km m cn c th em li hu qu khng mong mun. Hn na, bi rc C Cp
nm trong khu vc quy hoch khu th trong tng lai, v vy ng ca bi rc C
Cp v xy dng bi rc mi thc s l gii php khn thit cho vic x l rc thi
ca thnh ph vo lc ny.
-
Nhng bt cp i vi im trung chuyn.
Cha c gii php c th no gii quyt tnh trng nhng im trung chuyn
nm ngay trn ng ph va lm mt m quan th, va to ra mi hi thi rt
kh chu, nh hng dn xung quanh v ngi tham gia giao thng, nht l nhng
ngy c gi.
-
Thiu ngun nhn lc lao ng c trnh chuyn mn.
Cng ty Cng trnh th hu nh khng c cn b chuyn su v qun l cht

thi rn v phn ln cc cng nhn thu gom, vn chuyn v x l rc thi u khng
c bng cp chuyn mn.
-
K hoch thu gom v vn chuyn rc thi cha hp l.
n nay vn cha thc hin phn loi trc khi chn lp nn gy khng
t kh khn cho vic x l rc thi.
Cha c k hoch c th i vi cht thi rn cng nghip.
Ph thi xy dng vn thng c mt cch tu tin, khng ng ni quy

nh. Ti nhng cng trnh c xy dng vi quy m ln, cc loi rc thi nh bao
xi mng,v hp giy, rc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn xy dng c pht thi
33
mt cch ba bi, to ra nhng cnh tng khng my p mt ti trung tm thnh

ph.
1.4 nh gi tng quan v cc vn mi trng tnh Qung Bnh.
Theo nh gi ca S Ti nguyn v Mi trng Qung Bnh vo nm 2005
mi trng tnh Qung Bnh cha b nhim trn din rng, nhng c ni, c lc
nhim mi trng xy ra nh hng n s pht trin bn vng v sc kho ca
nhn dn nht l nhng vng trng im kinh t, nhng ni tp trung dn c.
-
Cng tc mi trng tnh Qung Bnh vn cn mt s vn tn ti sau:
+ Vic thc hin Lut Bo v mi trng v cc quy nh ca Nh nc v bo

v mi trng mt s c s sn xut kinh doanh, dch v cn cha nghim
tc.
+ Tnh trng nhim mi trng do hot ng cng nghip tuy c nhng
chuyn bin nhng nc thi vn cha c x l t tiu chun trc khi thi
ra ngoi mi trng.
+ Nhn thc v ngha v, trch nhim bo v mi trng ca mt s b phn dn
c cha cao.
+ Gia cc cp cc nghnh cha c s phi hp ng b. H thng t chc qun
l Nh nc v mi trng cp huyn cn yu, hiu qu cha t nh mong
mun.
+ Thiu phng tin, trang thit b cho cng tc kim sot nhim v quan trc
mi trng.
-
gii quyt nhng vn trn cn thit phi:
+ Bo v mi trng phi c coi l mt mc tiu quan trng trong k hoch

pht trin kinh t x hi ca tnh, ca cc cp, cc nghnh, cc a phng.
+ Tng cng tuyn truyn gio dc, m lp tp hun nghip v nhm nng cao
nhn thc v thc trch nhim v bo v mi trng cho cc cp, cc ngnh,
cc a phng.
+ u tin xy dng cc c s h tng ( cp nc, in sng, bi rc v h x l
nc thi).
+ Hon chnh chin lc bo v mi trng n nm 2010 v tm nhn n nm
2020 phc v cho qu trnh pht trin bn vng.
34
+ Kin ton h thng qun l Nh nc v mi trng cp huyn, hnh thnh

mng li qun l mi trng cp x
35
2.
CHNG 2
Chng 2 MT S C S L LUN V THC TIN

CA LUN VN
2.1 H thng thng tin a l (GIS) v vai tr ca n trong cng tc qun l
CTRT
2.1.1
nh ngha v GIS
Thut ng GIS c s dng rt t nhin trong nhiu lnh vc khc nhau nh a
l, k thut tin hc cc h thng tch hp s dng trong cc ng dng mi trng ti
nguyn, trong khoa hc v x l d liu khng gian,
S a dng ca cc lnh vc s dng, cc phng php v khi nim khc nhau
c p dng trong GIS, dn n c rt nhiu nh ngha khc nhau v GIS:
-
Tp hp a dng cc cng c dng thu thp, lu tr, truy cp, bin i v

th hin d liu khng gian ghi nhn c t th gii thc tin ( Burroughs,
1986).
H thng qun k c s d liu my tnh dng thu thp, lu tr truy cp,

phn tch v th hin d liu khng gian (NCGIA,1987).
H thng ng h quyt nh c chc nng tch hp d liu khng gian vo

gii quyt cc vn thc tin (Cowen, 1988).
T cc nh ngha trn, nh ngha tng qut sau y c s dng:

H thng cc cng c nn my tnh dng thu thp, lu tr, truy cp, bin i,
phn tch v th hin d liu lin quan n v tr trn b mt tri t v tch hp cc
thng tin ny vo qu trnh lp quyt nh.
2.1.2 Cc chc nng c bn ca h thng tin a l
H thng thng tin a l c th nhm li thnh cc chc nng sau: Nhp d liu,
lu tr d liu, phn tch d liu (chc nng x l s liu, chc nng suy gii v
phn tch thng tin ), xut d liu ( chc nng trnh by d liu).
36
Hnh 2.1. Cc chc nng c bn ca h thng thng tin a l

2.1.3 Cc thnh phn ca h GIS
Tu theo quan im v cch tip cn, ngi ta a ra cc m hnh khc nhau v
thnh phn c bn ca mt h GIS. Thng thng, theo kha cnh k thut, ngi ta
thng a ra quan im m hnh 3 thnh phn: phn cng, phn mm v d liu.
ng trn quan im xy dng h thng, ta cn quan tm thm n cc thnh phn
quy trnh, t chc, con ngi (m hnh 6 thnh phn).
-
Phn cng: gm my tnh v cc thit b ngoi vi nhp, xut d liu.
Hnh 2.2. Cc thnh phn ca h GIS

-
Phn mm: Phn chng trnh h hot ng. Hin nay c nhiu phn
mm GIS khc nhau nh: MapInfo, ArcInfo, SPANS, WINGIS,Mi phn
mm c mt th mnh v c im ring, nhng v c bn phi c y
cc chc nng c bn: nhp d liu, lu tr d liu, x l ( chuyn i, qun
l ) v phn tch d liu, xut d liu.
Hnh 2.3. Phn mm

37
Nhp d liu: Bin cc d liu thu thp c di hnh thc bn , cc

quan trc do ngoi nghip, cc nh vin thm (bao gm nh my bay v nh
v tinh), cc bng d liu c sn thnh dng s (digital data)
Hnh 2.4. Nhp d liu

-
Lu tr v qun l d liu: t chc lin kt d liu v tr vi d liu v

thuc tnh ca cc i tng a l tng ng.
Bin i d liu: gm tc v kh sai s ca d liu, cp nht chng ( thay

i t l, a vo h quy chiu mi) v thc hin cc phn tch khng gian
cn thit.
Bin i d
liu
Chnh sa
v cp nht
S dng v
phn tch
Hnh 2.5. Bin i d liu

-
Xut v trnh by d liu: a ra kt qu phn tch tng hp s liu di

dng bng biu, bn , hnh v.
38
Hnh 2.6. Xut v trnh by d liu

-
D liu: l thnh phn quan trng khng th thiu, quyt nh cho vic thc
hin cng vic ca mi h. D liu trong h GIS l d liu bao gm phn
d liu thuc tnh v phn d liu khng gian c lin kt vi nhau v c
format ring tu theo phn mm c th. Theo ni dung, ngi ta chia d liu
trong h GIS thnh:
+ D liu nn: bao gm cc d liu dng chung nh hng: thng tin v to

, thng tin v thu h, a hnh, a gii, giao thng, dn c
+ D liu chuyn : d liu v mt lnh vc c bit.
Cn lu m bo cht lng d liu th hin cc tiu chun:
o Tnh chnh xc
o Tnh y
o Tnh cp nht
o Tnh m ( chuyn i c) - chun b format thng nht h to d, metadata.
- Qui trnh t chc
Cc bc thc hin vic cp nht, khai thc d liu, phng php thc hin cc
bi ton phn tch
C ch hot ng, phi hp gia cc thnh phn, chia s ti nguyn d liu
pht huy tnh hiu qu ca h nhm t ti mc tiu.
-
Con ngi: l ng lc chnh thc h hot ng. Con ngi trong h GIS
l cc chuyn vin v GIS v c trong cc lnh vc c lin quan.
Nhm k thut vin: Thao tc trc tip trn cc thit b phn mm thu thp,
nhp, t chc, lu tr v hin th theo yu cu ca con ngi qun tr hay ngi s
dng h thng.
-
Nhm chuyn vin GIS: s dng GIS thc hin cc bi ton phn tch,
nh gi, tr gip ra quyt nh m nhm nhng ngi s dng t ra.
Nhm ngi ny l trung gian ca hai nhm kia, nhn ly yu cu ca
ngi s dng ri phn tch, thit k v a ra cc yu cu c th nhm
k thut vin thao tc.
39
Nhm ngi khai thc s dng: l nhng ngi thuc cc lnh vc chuyn
mn khc nhau, ngi lnh o cn dng GIS gii quyt nhng vn
chuyn mn c th.
Hnh 2.7. S t chc ca GIS

2.1.4 Vai tr ca h thng thng tin a l trong nghin cu mi trng.
Th k XX l th k ca nhng tin b vt bc trong lnh vc tin hc, in t
v nghin cu v tr. Nhng tin b thc y s pht trin ca nhiu ngnh
khoa hc, trong c a l v bn hc.
Theo gio s khoa a l trng i hc tng hp quc gia Lmnxp ca
nc Nga Berliant A.M, chuyn gia hng u th gii v h thng thng tin a l
(GIS), GIS pht trin nh mt s ni tip phng php tip cn tng hp v h thng
trong mt mi trng thng tin a l. GIS c c trng bi mc t ng ho
cao, da trn nn tng cc d liu bn c s ho v da trn c s tri thc,
phng php tip cn h thng trong biu din v phn tch cc h thng a vt
l.Dng bn c bit ny c trng bi tnh tc v, i thoi v s dng cc
phng tin xy dng, thit k bn . c tnh u tin ca GIS l tnh a phng
n cho php nh gi nhiu kha cnh khc nhau ca tnh hung v cc gii php a
dng. c tnh tip theo ca GIS l tnh a mi trng nh c th kt hp cc biu
din vn bn, m thanh v cc k hiu. Nhng c l c tnh ln nht ca cng ngh
mi l chng a chng ta ti nhiu dng biu din mi: bn in t, cc m hnh
my tnh 3 chiu v m hnh ng dng phim
Tm quan trng ca cng ngh GIS c khng nh trong pht biu ca tng
thng M Bill Clinton H thng thng tin a l tr thnh mt khu t ph trong
40
bi ton h tr cho s pht trin kinh t, s dng hp l cc ngun ti nguyn v bo

v mi trng. Cc cng ngh hin i cho php gii quyt mt cch c hiu qu bi
ton thu nhn, truyn, phn tch, trc gic ho cc d liu gn kt khng gian, thit
lp cc d liu bn .
Khi ng dng h thng thng tin a l trong cng tc qun l CTRT, th d liu
qun l trn giy di dng bo co, s trc y tng bc c a vo
my tnh, vi kh nng x l ca cng ngh GIS, thng tin cung cp cho lnh o
s nhanh chng, trc quan v chnh xc hn rt nhiu so vi cch qun l v x l
th cng trn giy. Do s tit kim c kinh ph cho vic tm kim v x l
thng tin.
2.2 H thng thng tin mi trng
Hin nay, vic qun l cc d liu mi trng ti cc tnh thnh vn cha c
tin hc ho theo kp yu cu ca cng tc qun l mi trng trong giai on hin
nayCch qun l nh vy c nhiu hn ch th hin ch:
-
Hin nay vic theo di, lu tr, thng k, c tin hnh ring r, cha
thnh h thng
Vic tm kim thng tin cn thit trong mi d liu chm.
Vic khai thc d liu kh khn, cha c t ng ho gy kh khn cho

lm bo co v mi trng.
Cng tc qun l mi trng ti cc tnh thnh trong giai on hin nay i

hi phi qun l mt khi lng ln cc d liu. Vic lu tr, truy cp, chia
s thng tinhin nay rt kh khn nu khng c gii php ng dng CNTT
mt cch hu hiu.
S tham gia ca cc cp chnh quyn vo qu trnh thng qua quyt nh

mi trng cn nhiu hn ch do vic tng hp s liu cha c thc hin
mt cch t ng.
S tham gia ca cc trung tm khoa hc cng ngh ln ca t nc cho cc

tnh thnh gii quyt bi ton bo v mi trng v pht trin bn vng cn
hn ch. Mt trong nhng nguyn nhn chnh y l cc tnh thnh cha
cng b cc s liu quan trc.
S tham gia ca bn thn ngi dn vo cng cuc bo v mi trng rt

hn ch. L do chnh y l bn thn ngi dn rt kh tip cn vi cc
thng tin mi trng.
S pht trin ca cng ngh thng tin trong thi gian qua cho ra i nhng
m hnh qun l v x l d liu khng gian mi cn nhiu u vit hn: bn s,
c s d liu bn v cng ngh h thng thng tin a l (GIS). Cng ngh GIS
kt ni vi thng tin mi trng s to ra mt cng c h tr bo v mi trng rt
mnh.
41
Trong thi gian qua nhiu S ban ngnh trong cc tnh thnh xy dng c
nhiu CSDL bn s khc nhau. Cc d liu ny rt qu bu v cn c s dng
cho cc ng dng khc.
2.2.1 nh ngha h thng thng tin mi trng
H thng thng tin mi trng c nhiu trung tm khoa hc trn th gii
nghin cu t kha cnh l lun cng nh thc tin. H thng thng tin mi trng
(HTTTMT) c nh ngha nh mt h thng da trn my tnh lu tr, qun l v
phn tch cc thng tin mi trng v cc d liu lin quan. HTTTMT cha ng cc
thng tin v m t mt t (v d nh cc dng chy, ng giao thng, t, s dng
t, lp thc vt, cc t gy a tng.. ) khu vc di t (v d nc ngm, cc m
khong sn), d liu v cc hot ng mi trng (cc hot ng khoan o h,
o ging, ) thng tin lu tr quan trc v mi trng (V d: d liu v cc mu
mi trng, lung kh nhim, ranh gii nhim,.. ), d liu v iu kin thu vn
(v d nh lng ma, lng bc hi, nhit , bc x, tc gi ), cc h s v cc
m t v cc d n c lin quan (v d: bn trnh by cc tc dng mi trng, bn
).
Thnh phn ct li ca HTTTMT l mt c s d liu khng gian c cu trc
cht ch v d truy xut, trong cha ng cc thng tin phn b khng gian cung
cp cc thng tin thuc tnh lin quan ca n. Mc ch ca HTTTMT l nhm cung
cp cc thng tin mi trng cn thit cho cc nh qun l d n mi trng hay cc
nh nghin cu, cc n v v c quan php ch. HTTTMT cn c th ng vai tr l
mt trung tm thng tin cng cng trong vic nng cao nhn thc v mi trng.
HTTTMT c th c xy dng, bo dng v phn b thng qua nhiu k thut
thng tin khc nhau.
2.2.2 C cu t chc ca HTTTMT
Thnh phn ct li ca HTTTMT l c s d liu khng gian, chnh v vy
nhim v chnh ca cng tc xy dng HTTTMT l pht trin v qun l mt h c
s d liu khng gian. C cu ny cn phi bao gm cc k thut thc hin v o
to. C cu t chc ca HTTTMT c m t nh sau:
42
Hnh 2.8. C cu t chc ca HTTTMT
2.2.3 Tnh cn thit phi ng dng CNTT vo qun l mi trng thnh ph

ng Hi ni ring v Vit Nam ni chung.
Mc d c s n lc ca cc cp chnh quyn, mi trng nc ta vn tip tc b
xung cp nhanh chng, c ni c lc ti mc bo ng: t ai b xi mn, thoi
ho; cht lng cc ngun nc suy gim mnh; khng kh nhiu th, khu dn
c b nhim nng; khi lng pht sinh v mc c hi ca cc cht thi ngy
cng tng; ti nguyn thin nhin trong nhiu trng hp b khai thc qu mc,
khng c quy hoch; a dng sinh hc b e do nghim trng; iu kin v sinh mi
trng, cung cp nc sch nhiu ni khng bo m. Vic y mnh pht trin
cng nghip, dch v, qu trnh th hoang gy p lc ln ti nguyn v mi
trng, t cng tc bo v mi trng nc ta trc nhng thch thc gay gt.
Nhng yu km trong cng tc bo v mi trng trong thi gian qua khng ch
n thun l thiu cc phng tin k thut hin i m mc ng k l do
chng ta b qua cc phng php qun l hin i, c th l vic ng dng cng
ngh thng tin trong cng tc qun l mi trng cn mc rt khim tn. C th
thy iu ny trn v d cng tc qun l s liu quan trc mi trng trong thi gian
c thc hin bi nhng c quan Trung ng ln a phng. Hng nm mt khi
lng rt ln cc d liu lin quan ti mi trng c thu thp cc trm quan trc
ti cc tnh thnh trong c nc. Tuy nhin hu ht cc s liu ny c qun l theo
cng ngh lc hu nh ghi chp trn giy t, hay bng nhng phn mm khng
chuyn, iu ny gy ra s kh khn ng k cho vic khai thc s dng cc s
liu qu gi nh xy dng cc m hnh ng lc hoc cho mi trng nc v khng
kh cng nh trong khu vc qui hoch pht trin mc vng.
Vi nhng l do trn vic xy dng cc H thng thng tin mi trng h tr
cho cng tc thng qua quyt nh l mt vic lm cp thit nn p dng trong cc
tnh thnh nc ta.
43
Thnh ph ng Hi ang bc vo thi k i mi ton din trn mi lnh vc.

Cng vi s pht trin mnh m l qu trnh ci thin, nng cp, m rng th hin
ti, pht trin khu th cng nghip v cc khu du lch mi. ng Hi ang thc s
ln mnh khng nhng v tim lc kinh t - x hi m cn pht trin c v tim nng
du lch v vn ho.
Tuy nhin cng vi s pht trin sn xut, dch v ca thnh ph l nhng p lc
v nhim mi trng do nhiu loi cht thi. Vn ny ang t ra mt nhim v
kh nng n cho s pht trin bn vng ca th.
Thnh ph ng Hi ang l thnh ph tr, ang trn l pht trin trn tt c mi
lnh vc, s c rt nhiu bt cp xy ra. Nhng cng khng ngoi l v phng thc
qun l cc vn mi trng nh c nc, cng l cch qun l trn giy t, cng
cha c s qun l thng nht gia cc cp cc nghnh trong ton thnh ph Chnh
v vy nht thit phi ng dng cng ngh thng tin vo vn qun l mi trng
thnh ph ng Hi.
2.3 C s thc tin ca ti
2.3.1 ng dng GIS v CNTT qun l CTR ti mt nc trn th gii
Ngy nay, cng tc qun l cht thi rn bng cng ngh GIS c thc hin
nhiu nc trn th gii.
Ti nc Anh hn 90% rc thi th c x l bng chn lp. iu cho
thy, cng tc qun l vic x l rc thi l vn ht sc quan trng.Nhiu hng
dn ca EC v php lut do UK ban hnh cng vi nhiu vn mi trung lin
quan to p lc ln cc nh u t xy dng nhng bi chn lp ln nht nhng
gi thnh li r nht v hn ch cc tc ng mi trng. Bi chn lp v cc hot
ng chn lp trong thc t c th c ci tin vi kh nng iu khin chnh xc
bng vic ng dng h thng thng tin a l(GIS). S phn tch thnh phn, cht
ch, t trng ca rc thi vi s thay i th tch trong sut thi k chn lp m bo
rng hiu qu ca phng php la chn s t c v dung tch cha l ln nht.
GIS cng co th ng vai tr quan trng trong qu trnh quan trc mi trng cc
bi chn lp ng ca. Damian C. Green, chuyn vin mi trng thuc i hc
Sunderland trong bi bo GIS v ng dng n trong qun l cht thi rn ti nc
Anh trnh by kinh nghim ca nc Anh trong thit k, xy dng cc bi chn
lp cht thi.
Senthil Shanmugan, mt trong nhng chuyn gia n nghin cu vn ny
a ra quan im ng dng GIS, h thng thng tin qun l (MIS) v h thng
nh v ton cu trong qun l CTR trong bi bo c ng ti trn Internet.
Theo quan im ca Senthil Shanmugan, tnh cp thit cn ng dng GIS trong
cng tc qun l cht thi rn l:
44
80% thng tin c s dng lin quan ti qun l CTR c lin quan ti d
liu khng gia.
S tch hp thng tin t nhng mc cn nn chung l GIS.
GIS l mi trng thun li cho tch hp mt s lng ln thng tin. Trong

bi ton qun l CTR s lng thng tin ny l rt ln
Bn v cc d liu khng gian khng cn l s qu him na m tr

thnh cng vic hng ngy.
Rt nhiu d liu lin quan ti CTR lin quan ti v tr khng gian nhng
vn cha c ng dng vo GIS. Khng c s cp nhp chnh xc d liu.
Khng th x l bng tay hay bng cng c khng chuyn mt khi lng
ln d liu lin quan ti CTR.
Mt h thng ng dng GIS s to c s cho s u t vo c s h tng, s

dng my mc c hiu qu v cc phng tin chuyn ch hin i.
T cc chuyn gia thnh ph Bangalore Agenda, n xy dng d n

ng dng GIS trong cng tc qun l CTR sinh hot cho thnh ph Bangalore. Mc
tiu c t ra cho d n ny l:
-
Bin GIS thnh cng c gip cho ra quyt nh u t vo c s h tng mt

cch thun li.
Qun l tng hp v thng nht h thng cc v tr t thng rc theo cc

tuyn ng.
Tm ra l trnh ngn nht t cc im trung chuyn ti cc bi chn lp
Ti u ha s dng c s h tng da trn ng dng cng ngh GIS (tm

ng i ngn nht).
Gip ra quyt nh ti u ha s lng im thu gom v vn chuyn cc

thng rc
Ti u ha s dng nhin liu trong h thng xe vn chuyn c s dng.
Ti u ha s chuyn ch thng rc t im thu gom n bi chn lp
Mt trong nhng tng ng c ch nht trong cng trnh ca Senthil

Shanmugan l kt hp 3 module trong h thng qun l CTR l : GIS, MIS
(Management Information System), GPS (h thng nh v ton cu) trong cc
chc nng c phn chia rch ri nh sau:
GIS (H thng thng tin a l)
-
qun l khi lng ln d liu khng gian.
Thng rc, im thu gom, ng ph, con ng, l trnh xe ti,

phng/khu vc/vng/c quan chnh, nhiu cp d liu khc nhau phng,
khu vc, vng, v thnh ph.
45
V tr, khong cch, kh nng tip cn, trng thi gn gi v khng gian v
thi gian.
MIS (H thng qun l thng tin)
-
qun l khi lng ln d liu thuc tnh lin quan n lp phng x.
Khi lng rc thi t cc thng rc, ng ph, con ng, tng phng,
khu vc, vng v thnh ph.
Cu thnh ca H thng thng tin qun l

-
Bo co hng ngy, hng tun, hng thng.
Cc mc khc nhau: cp thnh ph, cp qun huyn, cp phng x.
Bo co chi tit v lng rc thi, kh v m ca rc.
Ni dung Bo co gm:
-
Thng rc, xe y tay, xe ben, xe ti.
Phn tch tuyn ng cc im thu gom trong tuyn v khi lng rc

thi trong tuyn (tn ti v cc tuyn ng c ti u ho).
Phn tch v tr phn loi khu ph (mc phng), phn thnh phng
(mc qun), trm trung chuyn (mc qun huyn).
Tn s thu dn
V tr bi chn lp
GPS (Global Positioning System - H thng nh v ton cu)

Gip
Gim st cc xe ch rc
Ti u ho cc tuyn ng xe ti vn chuyn rc
- Gip nh gi hiu qu my mc vn chuyn

Nhu cu cn GPS
- Xe ti l phng tin di chuyn rc v cht thi khc. Chng thc hin
nhiu chuyn trong mt ngy. Do vy vic gim st v theo di cc xe ti
ny l 1 hot ng rt quan trng. GPS gip di di rc thi mt cch c hiu
qu.
Tnh cp thit phi ng dng GIS GPS
46
S lng bi chn lp tng ln
V tr bi chn lp nm cc v tr khc nhau trong thnh ph
Sc cha bi chn lp l mt i lng xc nh
Li ch ca vic ng dng GIS GPS

-
Gim st v theo di cc xe ti mi ni, mi lc.
Nhn dng v bit c bin c lc ng trong qu trnh hot ng.
Nhn dng cc phng tin khng lm vic trong sut qu trnh hot ng.
c tnh s km hot ng bng b phn o km trong xe ti.
Ti u ho cc tuyn ng ngn nht t im thu gom n bi chn lp.
2.3.2 ng dng GIS v CNTT qun l CTR ti Vit Nam

Trong bo co khoa hc c tiu "Phn mm h tr quy hoch bi chn lp
rc" c trnh by ti Hi ngh khoa hc v cng ngh Nam Trung B v Ty
Nguyn t chc ti Qui Nhn (21-22/12/2003), TSKH. Bi Vn Ga cng cc cng s
a ra mt phn mm h tr quy hoch bi chn lp rc cho Tp. Nng. Nh
bit, Tp. Nng mi c cng nhn l thnh ph loi 1 cp quc gia vi mt s
iu chnh trong quy hoch tng th. Theo , mt trm trung chuyn rc s c xy
dng Ha Qu, pha Nam Nng v mt nh my sn xut phn vi sinh, ph hp
vi nhng nghin cu xut ca d n th nghim. Ring v v tr bi chn lp rc,
nhm nghin cu kho st 3 v tr mi cho Tp. Nng. Vic kho st c tin
hnh trn c s d liu GIS thu thp c v iu tra x hi hc. Do iu kin kinh ph
khng cho php, nn cha c iu kin kho st cc yu t quan trng khc nh
tnh cht t ai, nc ngm...
Bn cnh , trong thi gian qua, nghin cu ng dng CNTT trong bi ton
qun l cht thi rn sinh hot c ch trong cc ti nghin cu, trong Lun
vn tt nghip /ngun [8], [9], [11],[15] /.
Trong cng trnh [8] xut cng c tin hc c t tn l WASTE phin bn
1.0 (12/2005). WASTE 1.0 bao gm mt s cc thnh phn khc nhau tr gip cho
vic phn tch cc s liu mi trng. Cc thnh phn bao gm:
-
Cc cng c lu tr, nh gi v khai thc d liu. Cc cng c ny c

th gip cho vic phn tch mt s lng ln cc d liu.
Cc tin ch gip tra cu cc ti liu cn thit cho cng tc qun l mi

trng.
Cng c tr gip lm bo co t ng, h tr cho ngi s dng mt

cng c thun tin lm bo co da trn cc s liu quan trc t cc
c s d liu c lu tr.
9
M loi im
Int
4
47
2.4 M hnh nh gi hiu qu ca cng tc thu gom cht thi rn sinh hot
2.4.1 Ch tiu hiu qu thu gom CTRSH
Ch tiu ny c tnh theo cng thc: TG =
KLR
CNTG
Trong :
- TG: Ch s hiu qu thu gom (kg/ngi)
- KLR: Khi lng rc mi ngy do cc t thu c (kg)
- CNTG: Tng s cng nhn thc hin cng tc thu gom ca
mi t v ca i (ngi).
ngha: Ch s ny dng nh gi hiu qu thu gom CTRSH ca mi cng
nhn thc hin cng tc thu gom ca tng t.
2.4.2 Ch tiu hiu qu s dng xe gom
Ch tiu ny tnh ton theo cng thc: XG =
KLR
n
Trong :
- XG: ch s s dng xe gom (kg/xe/ngy)
- KLR: Khi lng rc mi ngy do cc t thu gom (kg)
- n : tng s xe gom ca tng t (xe)
ngha: Ch s ny dng nh gi hiu qu s dng xe y tay, ng thi
phn nh mc thu gom bng xe y tay ca tng t thu gom.
2.4.3 Ch tiu nh gi h thng vn chuyn
H thng ny c mt s ch tiu nh gi nh sau:
Bnh qun chi ph trn sn phm: BQC =
C
RN
Trong :
- BQC: Bnh qun chi ph trn sn phm (1000 /tn)
- RN: Tng lng CTRSH thu gom trong nm (tn/nm)
- C: Tng chi ph trong nm (1000)
ngha: L ch tiu kinh t phn nh hiu qu sn xut ca n v sn xut, da
vo s liu bnh qun chi ph phi c lm ra sn phm. Ch tiu ny cng nh th
h thng hot ng cng c h qu.
48
Cn i ngn sch cho qun l CTRSH: CN =
C TG
H
Trong :
- CN: Cn i ngn sch/h gia nh (1000/h)
- TG: Tng thu t h gia nh (1000)
- C: Tng chi ph c nm (1000)
- H: Tng s h
ngha: Ni ln mc thu hay chi ca ngn sch nh nc qun l CTRSH
trn tng h gia nh trong mt nm. Nu tr s ny dng tc l nh nc phi trch
ngn sch b l v m th thu li t hot ng thu gom.
2.5 Tm tt ni dung chng
Trong chng ny trnh by mt s c s l lun v thc tin ca ti. Ni
dung ca mc ny c th tm tt nh sau :
C s l lun ca lun vn ny l mt s nghin cu c trin khai trn th
gii v Vit Nam. c bit l cng ngh GIS. Trong chng ny a ra phn
tch mt s cng trnh ng dng GIS trong qun l CTR trong v ngoi nc.
Vn tch hp thng tin c quan tm nhiu hin nay bi v bn thn mi
trng rt a dng v i hi cch tip cn tch trong nghin cu v qun l. Nhng
khi nim cng phng php trong l thuyt H thng thng tin mi trng l nn
tng xy dng cng c qun l. Ni dung ny c tc gi tng hp t bi ging
ca thy hng dn.
49
3.
CHNG 3
Chng 3 NG DNG PHN MM WASTE QUN L CHT

THI RN TI TP. NG HI
Cc phn mm GIS truyn thng nh Mapinfo, Arcview, x l d liu khng
gian kh hiu qu. Tuy nhin, so vi cc h thng qun tr d liu khc th c th
thy rng GIS cha mnh trong vic x l d liu phi khng gian, c bit vi d
liu theo thi gian. Chnh v l m hin nay, nhiu gii php cng ngh c a
ra mt mt s dng sc mnh ca GIS, mt mt khc kt hp vi kh nng qun
l cc d liu thay i theo thi gian (nh cc d liu trong bi ton v qun l cht
thi rn). Nh vy, gii php ny pht huy th mnh ca cc cng ngh truyn thng
nh GIS v CSDL. y l tng chnh ca cc phn mm ENVIM c TSKH.
Bi T Long v nhm nghin cu thy thc hin trong nhiu nm qua. Trong nm
2006, nhm ENVIM a ra nhiu sn phm mi nh ENVIMAP 3.0, MEWIZ
1.0, 2.0, SAGOCAP 1.0, TOWN 1.0, c bit l phin bn 2.0 ca phn mm
WASTE ng dng ch yu cho Tp.HCM. Nhim v ca tc gi Lun vn l ng
dng WASTE cho Tp. ng Hi, Qung Bnh. Di y trnh by kt qu thc hin
chnh ca Lun vn. Ni dung trnh by gm cc bc sau y: gii thiu tng quan
v WASTE 2.0, xy dng CSDL cho WASTE_DH (p dng cng ngh Waste cho
ng Hi), trin khai cho cng tc qun l CTR ti ng Hi v mt s kt qu ban
u.
3.1 S cu trc v chc nng chnh ca phn mm WASTE
WASTE phin bn 2.0 l mt phn mm ng dng vi cc mc tiu c th sau:
-
Gip qun l CTR th cho cc thnh ph ln nh thnh ph H Ch

Minh
a ra mt gii php cng ngh tch hp c s d liu mi trng phc v

cho cng tc qun l nh nc v mt mi trng nhm to s chuyn bin
tch cc trong cng tc qun l nh nc v mi trng;
ng dng cc thnh tu cng ngh thng tin xy dng c s d liu

nh gi hin trng v d bo lin quan ti CTRT ti thnh ph H Ch
Minh.
Xy dng m hnh ng dng GIS v cc phng php ca tin hc mi

trng nhm tin hc ha qu trnh nhp, xut d liu lin quan ti cht thi
rn th trn a bn thnh ph H Ch Minh. Ly mt s qun huyn
in hnh lm v d nghin cu.
WASTE 2.0 gm 6 khi chnh lin kt vi nhau.

50
Khi GIS - qun l cc i tng mt cch trc din trn bn .
Khi qun l CSDL mi trng (lin quan ti i tng Cht thi rn).
Khi thc hin cc Bo co Thng k
Khi h tr cc vn bn php qui.
Khi h tr s dng phn mm WASTE
Khi M hnh
Hnh 3.1. S cu trc v phn mm WASTE 2.0

Qun l CTR ca mt th rt phc tp v n lin quan ti nhiu thng s khc
nhau cng nh c dung lng rt ln. Vic la chn GIS v phng php xy dng,
tch hp thng tin s gip qun l, khai thc tt d liu, cc thng s k thut. S
trn cng l phng php lun trong nhng phn mm ENVIM khc.
3.2 Xy dng CSDL cho WASTE_DH
Trong thi gian thc hin Lun vn tc gi thc tp ti S Ti nguyn v Mi
trng tnh Qung Bnh, ti y tc gi c dp lm quen vi h thng thu gom, vn
chuyn rc ti Tp. ng Hi. Ngun d liu chnh cho WASTE_DH lm vic c
cung cp bi S TNMT v Cng ty CTT /Hnh 3.3 /.
51
Hnh 3.2. Ngun thng tin cho WASTE_DH hot ng
Hnh 3.3. S cu trc CSDL mi trng trong WASTE_DH

3.2.1 Khi GIS
Mt trong nhng module quan trng nht trong WASTE l module qun l bn
. Bn s ra i v tn ti gn lin vi my tnh in t. Bn s l mt tp
hp c t chc cc d liu bn trn nhng thit b c kh nng c bng mt my
tnh v c th hin di dng hnh nh bn .
Vi vic ng dng GIS s gip tr li mt s cu hi nh sau:
-
S lng cc im hn trong mt phng c th ca Tp. ng Hi
Cc tuyn thu gom s i qua cc on ng no
Khong cch t cc im trung chuyn ti bi rc
Lng rc trong tng phng
Bn cnh cc k thut chng lp thng tin s gip cho ngi dng xem c
cc thng tin gn vi v tr a l thun li.
52
Bng 3.1. Chc nng chnh trong module bn trong WASTE

STT
Tn module con
Qun l lp bn
Qun l cc i
tng mi trng
trn bn
Chc nng
V cc lp bn , bt tt lp bn , phng to, thu
nh, xem ton mn hnh,...
V cc i tng mi trng trn bn GIS, la
chn i tng, di chuyn i tng, xa i tng,
di chuyn nhm i tng, chn biu tng cho i
tng,...
3.2.2 Module qun l CSDL d liu mi trng

Hin nay cng tc qun l CTRT ti thnh ph ng Hi cha c tin hc
ha, iu ny dn ti mt hin trng l rt kh cho vic thng k v tng kt. Vi
vic ng dng WASTE 2.0 s gii quyt tt bt cp ny. WASTE kt hp gia GIS
v h qun tr d liu chun MS Access.
Phn mm WASTE cho php thc hin mt s chc nng nh:
+ To mi cc im thu gom rc cng nh cc im hn xe p rc trn a bn
thnh ph ng Hi.
+ Cho php nhp d liu lin quan ti lng rc theo thi gian. Ph thuc vo
lng rc thu thp c (theo ngy, tun hay thng) ngi cn b qun l cn
cp nht s liu. Hin gi thnh ph ng Hi cha thc hin phn loi rc
thi sinh hot nn WASTE ch a ra phng n tng lng rc.
+ Thng k, bo co lin quan ti tnh hnh rc thi sinh hot theo thi gian, theo
a bn, .
Hnh 3.4.S cu trc module nhp liu cho WASTE
53
3.2.3 Module phn tch, truy vn, lm bo co

X l cc s liu lin quan ti cng tc qun l CTRT l mt cng vic c
thc hin thng xuyn. Mt trong nhng ni dung quan trng trong x l cc s
liu ny l ly ra nhng thng tin c ch cho mt mc tiu no . V d nh chng
ta cn quan tm ti thng tin: lng rc hng thng ca tng Phng trong thnh ph
ng Hi hay ca ton b thnh ph ng Hi, lng rc hng thng c x l ti
nh my x l rc, cht lng nc rc thi ti cc bi rc theo nm.... WASTE l
cng c tr gip c lc cho cng vic ny.
WASTE cho php phn tch cc d liu c lu tr t a ra nh gi
trong cng tc qun l cht thi rn ti thnh ph ng Hi. WASTE c k tha
kh nng truy vn s liu ca cc phn mm trc n l ENVIMNT, INSPECTOR,
TISWAM gm nhiu module nh khc nhau. S cu trc cc module lm nhim
v thng k trong WASTE c th hin trn Bng 3.2. Cc chc nng truy vn
trong WASTE 2.0 c th hin trn Hnh 3.5. Mi quan h gia cc khi chc nng
trong Waste_DH c th hin trn Hnh 3.6 - Hnh 3.7.
Bng 3.2. Chi tit chc nng truy vn trong WASTE phin bn 2.0
STT
Tn
module
Module
thng k
theo thi
gian
Module
pht sinh
bo co
thng k
dng web
Module v
biu
Tn module con
Chc nng
Truy vn d liu, so
snh, tng hp lng rc
thi trong:
Mt khong thi gian
Module truy vn no
d liu theo thi Mt hay nhiu nm khc
gian
nhau
Mt hay nhiu thng
khc nhau (ca cng mt
nm hay ca nhiu nm
khc nhau)
Module thng k Hin th lng rc cc
lng rc cc
i, cc tiu trong d liu
i, cc tiu
thng k thu c
Ghi ch
Truy vn d
liu, so snh,
tng hp lng
rc ti 4 i
tng: bi rc,
nh my x l
rc, im thu
gom rc, im
tp kt rc.
Nhn s liu t cc module thng k v pht sinh bo co

thng k dng web
Nhn s liu t cc module thng k v v cc dng biu
khc nhau (dng ng, dng ct, dng 3D, dng pie)
54
Hnh 3.5. S cu trc chc nng bo co trong WASTE
Hnh 3.6. S mi quan h gia cc chc nng h tr qun l trong WASTE
55
Hnh 3.7. S chi tit mi lin h gia cc khi trong WASTE cng nh gia
WASTE v CSDL mi trng
3.2.4 Khi m hnh
Mt khi c nhiu s liu quan trc ngi ta thng tm cch xy dng cc m
hnh gip cho d bo hay tm mi quan h gia cc nhm d liu khc nhau.
WASTE khng nm trong ngoi l . Trong WASTE_DH c tch hp mt s m
hnh tnh ton mt s ch s nhm nh gi hiu qu cng tc qun l cht thi rn.
Vic tnh ton ny da trn cc d liu theo thi gian ca i tng mi trng m
chng trnh qun l /s ca khi tnh ton th Hnh 3.8/.
Cc d liu tng hp tnh ton m hnh gm c:
-
D liu lng rc theo thi gian ca bi rc, nh my x l rc, im thu

gom rc, im tp kt rc.
Thng tin v i mi trng: cc t qun l, s lng nhn vin.
Thng tin v t thu gom rc: s nhn vin, s xe y tay, cc phng do t

qun l.
Thng tin v phng: s dn, s h gia nh.
56
Bng 3.3. Cu trc d liu v S Ti nguyn v Mi trng
STT
Thng tin lu tr
Kiu d liu
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
S th t
M
Tn Phng
a ch
X
Y
in thoi
Fax
Email
Website
Ngy thnh lp
Tn Trng phng
a ch
in thoi
T Di ng
S phng ban
S nhn vin
S nhn vin N
Hnh nh
Int
Nvarchar
Nvarchar
Nvarchar
Float
Float
Nvarchar
Nvarchar
Nvarchar
Nvarchar
Datetime
Nvarchar
Nvarchar
Nvarchar
Nvarchar
Float
Float
Float
Nvarchar
Kch thc ti a
(byte)
4
50
250
500
8
8
50
50
150
500
8
250
250
50
50
8
8
8
500
Thng tin v chi ph: tng chi ph cho tng nm, s tin thu c t cc h
gia nh.
Module tnh ton

m hnh
DATABASE
Cc ch s nh gi hiu qu
cng tc qun l cht thi rn
Hnh 3.8. S lm vic ca m hnh trong WASTE

3.3 Xy dng khi CSDL v cc c quan chc nng lin quan ti cng tc
qun l cht thi th ti thnh ph ng Hi
Cc c quan chc nng lin quan n cng tc qun l cht thi th ti thnh
ph ng Hi l i tng cn qun l rt quan trng trong WASTE 2.0. Cc CSDL
lin quan n cc c quan chc nng gm:
-
Tn c quan
57
a ch ( in thoi, Fax,Email, Website)
Tn lnh o (a ch,in thoi, fax, email)
S phng ban
S nhn vin
Trc thuc ngnh chc nng ( VD: S Ti nguyn Mi trng)
Bng 3.4. Cu trc d liu v Cng ty Cng trnh th tnh Qung Bnh
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Thng tin lu
tr
S th t
M
Tn Cty
a ch
X
Y
in thoi
Fax
Email
Website
Ngy thnh lp
Tn Gim c
a ch
in thoi
T Di ng
S phng ban
S nhn vin
S nhn vin N
Hnh nh
Kiu d liu
int
nvarchar
nvarchar
nvarchar
float
float
nvarchar
nvarchar
nvarchar
nvarchar
datetime
nvarchar
nvarchar
nvarchar
nvarchar
float
float
float
nvarchar
Kch thc ti a
(byte)
4
50
250
500
8
8
50
50
150
500
8
250
250
50
50
8
8
8
500
3.3.1 Cu trc d liu v i thu gom rc cng lp

Bng 3.5. Thng tin v i V Sinh
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Thng tin lu
tr
S th t
M
Tn i
a ch
in thoi
Fax
Email
Ngy thnh lp
Tn i trng
a ch
in thoi
Kiu d liu
int
nvarchar
nvarchar
nvarchar
nvarchar
nvarchar
nvarchar
datetime
nvarchar
nvarchar
nvarchar
Kch thc ti a
(byte)
4
50
250
500
50
50
150
8
250
250
50
58
12
13
14
15
16
T Di ng
S cng nhn
S cng nhn N
Hnh nh
M Cty
nvarchar
float
float
nvarchar
int
50
8
8
500
4
Bng 3.6. Thng tin v T V Sinh

STT
Thng tin lu tr
Kiu d liu
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
S th t
M
Tn T
a ch
in thoi
Fax
Email
Ngy thnh lp
Tn T trng
a ch
in thoi
T Di ng
S cng nhn
S cng nhn N
Hnh nh
M i
int
nvarchar
nvarchar
nvarchar
nvarchar
nvarchar
nvarchar
datetime
nvarchar
nvarchar
nvarchar
nvarchar
float
float
nvarchar
int
Kch thc ti a
(byte)
4
50
250
500
50
50
150
8
250
250
50
50
8
8
500
4
3.3.2 Cu trc d liu v dn s theo cc Phng trong thnh ph ng Hi

Bng 3.7. Cu trc d liu v cc Phng
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Thng tin lu
tr
S th t
M
Tn phng
Din tch
Dn s
Mt dn s
Hnh nh
M qun
Kiu d liu
int
nvarchar
nvarchar
float
float
float
nvarchar
int
Kch thc ti a
(byte)
4
50
250
8
8
8
500
4
Bng 3.8. Cu trc d liu v Bi chn lp

STT
1
Thng tin lu
tr
S th t
Kiu d liu
int
Kch thc ti a
(byte)
4
59
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
M
Tn Bi Rc
a ch
X
Y
Tn lnh o
a ch
in thoi
T Di ng
S nhn vin
Hnh nh
nvarchar
nvarchar
nvarchar
float
float
nvarchar
nvarchar
nvarchar
nvarchar
float
nvarchar
50
250
500
8
8
250
250
50
50
8
250
3.4 Xy dng CSDL v cc v tr thu gom v tuyn thu gom rc

Trong cng tc qun l mi trng cn thit phi thc hin quan trc theo di
cc v tr khng gian khc nhau. i vi bi ton qun l CTRT l cc im thu
gom rc, cc bi rc, nh my x l rc, Phn di y trnh by cu trc d liu
cc v tr nh vy.
3.4.1 Thng tin v cc im thu rc
i vi cc im thu gom nh cc Nh my x nghip, cc cng trnh cng cng
nh cc khi hnh chnh, trng hc, cc c s y t c ng k hp ng thu gom
rc s c lu tr thng tin v :
-
Tn nh my (a ch, in thoi,Fax, Email,)
Tn lnh o (a ch ,in thoi, in thoi di ng
Ngy ng k thu gom, tn hp ng ng k
Trc thuc phng trn a bn Qun
T ph trch ly rc
Hnh nh
Bng 3.9. Thng tin v cc nh my x nghip c ng k thu gom
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Thng tin lu tr
S th t
M
Tn Nh my
a ch
in thoi
Fax
Email
Ngy thnh lp
Tn Gim c
a ch
in thoi
Kiu d liu
Int
Nvarchar
Nvarchar
Nvarchar
Nvarchar
Nvarchar
Nvarchar
Datetime
Nvarchar
Nvarchar
Nvarchar
Kch thc ti a
(byte)
4
50
250
500
50
50
150
8
250
250
50
60
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
T di ng
S nhn vin
S nhn vin n
ng k thu gom
Ngy ng k
Tn vn bn, hp ng
Hnh nh
M phng
Nvarchar
Float
Float
Int
Datetime
Nvarchar
Nvarchar
Int
50
8
8
4
8
500
500
4
Bng 3.10. Cu trc d liu ca tng im thu gom cng cng

STT
Thng tin lu tr
Kiu d liu
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
S th t
Tn C Quan
a ch
in thoi
Tn ngi i din
a ch
in thoi
T Di ng
ng k thu gom
Ngy ng k
Tn vn bn, hp ng
Hnh nh
M t
Int
Nvarchar
Nvarchar
Nvarchar
Nvarchar
Nvarchar
Nvarchar
Nvarchar
Int
Datetime
Nvarchar
Nvarchar
Int
Kch thc ti
a (byte)
4
250
500
50
250
250
50
50
4
8
500
250
4
3.4.2 Cc im ly rc cng cng

Thng tin v cc im ly rc cng cng, WASTE s qun l thng tin v:
-
Ngy: ngy thu gom rc
Loi cht thi: Cht thi ti im cng cng thuc loi no (rc ch, y t,
cng nghip)
Khi lng c tnh (d on da vo thng cha, xe thu gom)

Bng 3.11. Thng tin v cc im ly rc cng cng
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
Thng tin lu tr
S th t
M im
Ngy
M loi cht thi
Khi lng rc c tnh
n v tnh
Kiu d
liu
Int
Int
Datetime
Int
Float
Nvarchar
Kch thc ti a
(byte)
4
4
8
4
8
50
61
3.4.3 Cu trc d liu v Phng tin thu gom

Bng 3.12. Thng tin v Phng tin thu gom rc
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
Thng tin lu
tr
S th t
M
Tn xe
Ti trng
S xe
M t
Kiu d liu
int
nvarchar
nvarchar
float
nvarchar
nvarchar
Kch thc ti a
(byte)
4
50
250
8
50
500
3.4.4 Cu trc d liu v Tuyn ng thu gom

Bng 3.13. Thng tin v tuyn ng thu gom rc
STT
Thng tin lu tr
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Kiu d liu
S th t
Tn tuyn ng
Thi gian bt u
Thi gian kt thc
C ly
Khi lng rc c tnh
M l trnh thu gom
Kch thc
ti a (byte)
4
50
8
8
8
8
4
int
nvarchar
datetime
datetime
float
float
int
3.4.5 Cu trc d liu v L trnh qut rc

Bng 3.14. Thng tin v l trnh qut rc
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
Thng tin lu tr
S th t
Tn L trnh qut
rc
S cng nhn
S cng nhn N
Hnh nh
M ng
Kiu d liu
Int
Nvarchar
Kch thc ti
a (byte)
4
250
Int
Int
Nvarchar
Int
4
4
502
4
62
3.4.6 Cu trc d liu v L trnh thu gom

Bng 3.15. Thng tin v l trnh thu gom rc
STT
Thng tin lu tr
Kiu d liu
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
S th t
Tn l trnh
Chu k thu gom
Thi gian thu gom
S cng nhn
S cng nhn N
Hnh nh
M ng
int
nvarchar
nvarchar
nvarchar
int
int
nvarchar
int
Kch thc ti a
(byte)
4
500
500
500
4
4
502
4
3.4.7 Cu trc d liu v im quan trc

Bng 3.16. Cu trc d liu v im quan trc
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Thng tin lu
tr
S th t
M im
Tn
a ch
X
Y
Hnh nh
M phng
Kiu d liu
Int
Nvarchar
Nvarchar
Nvarchar
Float
Float
Nvarchar
Int
Kch thc ti a
(byte)
4
50
250
500
8
8
500
4
3.5 ng dng WASTE_DH vo cng tc qun l CTR ti Tp. ng Hi

3.5.1 Nhp thng tin lin quan ti qun l CTR trn a bn thnh ph ng
Hi
Phn mm Waste cho php ngi dng nhp, cp nht thng tin v cc C quan
lin quan ti qun l CTRT. Cc thng tin ny gip cho cn b qun l nm c
thng tin cc cp qun l. Trn Hnh 3.9 l ca s cho php nhp, cp nht, xem
thng tin v S Ti nguyn v Mi trng Qung Bnh.
63
Hnh 3.9 CSDL v S Ti nguyn v Mi trng Qung Bnh
Hnh 3.10 Cng ty Cng trnh th
64
3.5.2 Qut rc
Hnh 3.11 Trang thng tin v t qut rc
Hnh 3.12 Thng tin v t qut rc
65
3.5.3 Xe c gii
Hnh 3.13 Trang thng tin v xe c gii
Hnh 3.14 Thng tin v xe c gii
66
3.5.4 L trnh
Hnh 3.15 Trang thng tin v L trnh
Hnh 3.16 Thng tin v l trnh
67
3.5.5 Ca trc
Hnh 3.17 Trang thng tin v ca trc
Hnh 3.18 Thng tin v ca trc

68
3.5.6 Bi chn lp
Hnh 3.19 Trang thng tin v Bi chn lp
Hnh 3.20 Thng tin v Bi chn lp

69
3.5.7 im tp kt
Hnh 3.21 Trang thng tin v im tp kt rc thi
Hnh 3.22 Thng tin v im tp kt rc thi

70
3.5.8 Loi im tp kt
Hnh 3.23 Trang thng tin v loi im tp kt
Hnh 3.24 Thng tin v loi im tp kt
71
3.5.9 S liu kinh t x hi
Hnh 3.25 Thng tin s liu kinh t - x hi
Hnh 3.26 Thng tin s liu kinh t - x hi
72
3.6 Li ch t vic ng dng WASTE_DH

kt thc chng ny, tc gi Lun vn a ra mt s li ch c th t vic
ng dng WASTE_DH cho thnh ph tr ng Hi:
-
Gip cho cc nh qun l c mt cng c qun l chuyn nghip v CTR.

Vi vic cp nht s liu nh k. Cc vn lm bo co, thng k c
thc hin nhanh chng, hiu qu.
Gip cho cc nh qun l ra quyt nh c c s: to thm im trung

chuyn, xy dng thm bi rc mi, xy dng thm nh my x l rc u
cho thun li vn chuyn.
WASTE tr gip th hin thng tin ton din: xem thng tin lin quan trong
tng phng. So snh gia cc Phng vi nhau.
WASTE gip cp nht thng tin kp thi, d dng so vi trc y ch nhp

vo file word hay excel rt kh tng hp.
WASTE gip hn ch nhng d liu khng cn thit, l ni lu tr d liu

thun li v an ton.
WASTE gip cho d liu chnh xc, d liu chc chn, tch hp nhanh
chng. ng thi gip chia s d liu thun li.
WASTE gip phn chia d liu mt cch rch ri: c quan qun l, phng
tin thu gom (thng rc, xe y, xe vn chuyn cc loi,,,), tuyn thu gom,
gi gic thu gom.
Hnh 3.27 Xem thng tin v cc im thu gom rc thi

73
Hnh 3.28 Chc nng to i tng mi trng mi nh: bi rc, im tp kt
Hnh 3.29 V tr ca cc thng ng rc
74
KT LUN
Trong lun vn : ng dng GIS qun l cht thi rn cho thnh ph ng
Hi, Qung Bnh trnh by cc kt qu thc hin ti tt nghip k s chuyn
nghnh qun l mi trng. Trong qu trnh thc hin Kho lun ny tin hnh
mt s cng vic v gii quyt mt s bi ton sau:
Chng 1 trnh by tng quan v iu kin t nhin, kinh t, x hi v hin trng
qun l cht thi rn thnh ph ng Hi l i tng nghin cu trong ti ny.
Qua c th thy c nhng thnh tu t v nhng vn cn khc phc
trong vn qun l cht thi rn thnh ph ng Hi hin nay. V t cho thy
vic p dng tin hc vo cng tc qun l mi trng l vic lm cn thit.
Chng 2 dng phn tch mt s c s l lun v thc tin xy dng phn
mm trong qun l mi trng. Phn phn tch gm hai phn: tnh hnh nghin cu
trong nc v phn nghin cu ngoi nc. Kt qu phn tch cho thy cc phn
mm trong qun l CTR c xy dng trn nn tng cng ngh GIS. GIS ng vai
tr rt quan trng trong bi ton qun l CTR th. Vn cng ngh tch hp s
liu mi trng vi GIS c nhiu nhm nghin cu thc hin trong c nhm
ENVIM. WASTE l mt sn phm tin hc c nghin cu cho Tp. HCM, rt cn
c ng dng tr gip cng tc qun l cht thi rn thnh ph ng Hi.
Trong chng 3, da trn c s nhng c s l lun v thc tin c thc
hin trong cc ti ca cc tc gi trc v da vo thc tin thnh ph ng Hi
xut cu trc, chc nng chnh v cc khi thng tin cho phn mm
WASTE_DH.
Xy dng CSDL cho WASTE_DH. Cu trc d liu mi trng ca
WASTE_DH bm st mc tiu ca ti.
Nhp d liu ca thnh ph ng Hi nh: thng tin lin quan ti cc c quan
qun l mi trng, cc im thu gom CTR T,..vo WASTE.
nh gi hiu qu cng tc qun l CTR ti ng Hi theo m hnh.
Nhng kt qu chnh ca Lun vn l:
ng dng cng c WASTE tr gip cng tc qun l CTRT trn a bn thnh
ph ng Hi.
Xy dng CSDL cho WASTE_DH ph hp vi thc tin ca a phng.
Nhp thng tin cho WASTE_DH hot ng.
Hn ch ca ti:
Do thi gian hn ch nn nhiu thng tin lin quan ti cc Phng; s lng
phng tin thu gom, khi lng rc thi ti cc phng cha y ; Cha thu thp
75
c thng tin v cc c quan, x nghip, CSSX c hp ng thu gom vi cng ty

CTT.
Do thnh ph cha tin hnh phn loi rc ti ngun nn vic xy dng CSDL
gp mt s kh khn.
Cha xt ti kh nng cho php cc CSSX, cc T thu gom rc t nhp s liu
qua mng.
Hng tip theo ca ti:
Thu thp s liu hon chnh v thng tin CTRT ca thnh ph ng Hi.
Thu thp s liu v thu gom CTR ti khu cng nghip Ty Bc v cc CSSX ti
thnh ph ng Hi.
M rng ti v qun l cht lng nc mt thnh ph ng Hi, vn ct
bay ct chy, cc vn ven b bin Qung Bnh.
76
TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]. Ban qun l D n V sinh mi trng thnh ph ng Hi. Bo co nghin
cu kh thi D n V sinh mi trng thnh ph ng Hi, ng Hi,
12/2004
[2]. Bi T Long, H thng thng tin mi trng, NXB i hc Quc gia TP.
H Ch Minh.
[3]. Chi cc Tiu chun o lng - cht lng Qung Bnh, Bo co TM D
n ng ca bi rc c ng Hi, ng Hi, 12/2002
[4]. Chi cc Tiu chun o lng - cht lng Qung Bnh, Bo co TM D
n nghin cu kh thi v tin thit k bi rc chung L Trch, ng Hi,
2003.
[5]. Cng ty xut nhp khu v xy dng VINACONEX, D n kh thi Thu
gom, x l cht thi rn v thot nc x l cht thi lng th x ng Hi,
tnh Qung Bnh, H Ni, 02/2004.
[6]. Cc thng k Qung Bnh, Nin gim thng k tnh Qung Bnh nm 2005,
NXB Thng k, Qung Bnh, 2006.
[7]. K hoch Chin lc Qun l cht thi rn th Thnh ph ng Hi,
Cng ty Cng trnh th Qung Bnh, ng Hi, 11/2005
[8]. L Thy Vn, 2005. ng dng GIS v tin hc mi trng nng cao hiu qu
cng tc qun l CTR th ti qun 4, Tp. H Ch Minh. i hc dn lp k
thut cng ngh Tp. HCM, 74 trang.
[9]. Nguyn Th Thu Hng, Nghin cu ng dng phng php m hnh ho v
GIS nhm phc v nng cao hiu qa qun l cht thi rn sinh hot th
trn a bn thnh ph H Ch Minh, Lun vn thc s, thnh ph H Ch
Minh,2006.
[10]. Nguyn Vn Chung, Nin lun. Tm hiu v xut m hnh qun l cht
thi rn th x ng Hi, tnh Qung Bnh, Hu, 2/2002.
77
[11]. Nguyn Vit H, ng dng GIS cho cng tc qun l cht thi rn sinh hot
ti TP. Hu. Kho lun tt nghip c nhn khoa hc, i hc khoa hc Hu,
5/2005.
[12]. Trn Hiu Nhu, ng Quc Dng, Nguyn Th Kim Thi, Qun l cht thi
rn - Tp 1, Cht thi rn th, NXB Xy dng, h Ni, 2001.
[13]. Trn Th Thanh, nh gi hin trng v xut bin php tng cng cng
tc qun l cht thi rn thnh ph ng Hi, Kho lun tt nghip c
nhn khoa hc, i hc khoa hc Hu, 5/2005.
[14]. Trn Trng c, GIS cn bn, NXB i hc Quc gia TP. H Ch Minh.
[15]. V Th Bch Vn, Bc u ng dng GIS vo cng tc qun l h thng
thu gom, vn chuyn cht thi rn sinh hot ti qun 10, Lun vn tt nghip
k s mi trng, i hc dn lp k thut cng ngh Tp. HCM, 2005.
78
PH LC
Bng 1. Mc thu gom v tn sut thu gom theo tng loi rc thi
STT
Loi rc thi
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Rc sinh hot
Rc cng vin
Rc bi bin
Rc qut ng
Rc bn vt cng
Bn hm pht
Rc xy dng
Rc y t
Rc CN khng c hi
Rc cng nghip c hi
Mc bao ph dch v
thu gom(%)
50
50
50
50
50
100
0
100
50
50
Tn sut thu gom

Hng ngy
2 ngy /ln
Hng ngy
Hng ngy
3 thng/ln
3 5 nm /ln
0
2 3 ngy/ln
Hng ngy
Hng ngy
Bng 2. Danh sch thit b xng c kh phc v qun l rc thi

STT
Loi thit b
n v tnh
S lng
Tui th
1
2
3
4
5
6
My tin
My hn in
My hn gi
My khoan
My mi
My ct
Ci
b
b
Ci
Ci
Ci
1
1
1
2
2
1
4
4
4
4
4
4
Tnh trng s
dng
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
Bng 3. Tnh hnh chi ngn sch cho qun l rc thi

Nm
2002
2003
2004
Tng chi NSTP

65.925
87.173
88.889
Chi cho QLRT

1.900
2.500
2.900
T l (%)
2,9
2,9
3,3
Bng 4. Tnh hnh ngun thu ti chnh qun l rc thi

Nm
2002
2003
2004
Tng
2.800
3.200
3.700
Kinh ph hot ng t cc ngun ( triu ng)

NS tnh
T l (%)
Thu ph
T l (%)
2.000
71.4
600
28,6
2.300
71.9
800
28,1
2.500
67.6
1.000
22,4
Bng 5. Tnh hnh cn i thu chi ti chnh qun l rc thi

STT
1
2
3
Cc hng mc thu chi

Thu
Thu t l ph
Thu do ngn sch cp
Vay/n
2002
2.595.000
600.000
1.900.000
95.000
2003
3.614.000
800.000
2.500.000
314.000
2004
4.283.000
1.000.000
2.900.000
383.000
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Chi
Lng cng nhn trc tip
Lng cng nhn gin tip
Sa cha my mc thit b
u t my mc thit b
Khu hao TSC
Nhin liu
Chi khc
2.595.000
1.068.891
123.000
584.880
173.000
97.000
251.000
297.229
3.614.000
1.585.985
141.162
896.326
235.889
476.106
278.532
4.283.000
1.789.990
170.000
975.000
136.000
624.291
587.719
Bng 6. Khung l ph thu gom rc thi ca thnh ph ng Hi
/thng
-
Mc chi ph c
(t 01.2001)
5.000
30.000
Mc chi ph mi
(sau 09.2005)
7.000
40.000
2.000.000
2.800.000
500.000
200.000
700.000
280.000
30.000
40.000
50.000
70.000
/m3
/thng
/m3
/thng
/m3
/m3
70.000
100.000
100.000
50.000
80.000
60.000
100.000
60.000
100.000
100.000
150.000
70.000
200.000
80.000
80.000
80.000
/thng
50.000
70.000
STT
Khch hng
n v
H dn
Vn phng c quan,
trm y t
Ch, ga tu
Ch Nam L, ch
ng Hi
Ch Cn, ga ng Hi
Cc ch khc
Trng hc
Trng mm non, nh
tr x
Trng mm non, nh
tr phng
Trng tiu hc
THCS, dn tc ni tr
THPT, GDTX, HNDN
THCN, C
Bn xe khch
Bnh vin tnh
TT y t TP
2
3
5
6
7
8
9
V/ch rc xy dng, rc
tng hp ti bi rc
CC
K.sn, nh ngh, nh
hng, dch v, sn xut
ii
10
cng nghip
V/ chuyn
Xe p rc 2,5 3 tn
Xe tang 50 gh/ni th
Xe tang 10 gh/ni th
/ chuyn
-
250.000
300.000
200.000
350.000
420.000
280.000
iii
MT S HNH NH LIN QUAN N LUN VN
Thu thp s liu thc t
Cng cc bn ti nh Thy nhn ngy 20 -11
iv
VN BN PHP QUY V MI TRNG

Vi quan im coi CNTT l cha kho nng cao hiu qu qun l mi trng, ng
thi s ng dng CNTT gn cht vi bo v mi trng v pht trin bn vng, va
qua b trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng c t trnh s 106/TTr-BTNMT v
Chin lc ng dng v pht trin CNTT ti nguyn v mi trng n nm 2015 v
nh hng n nm 2020. Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt Chin lc ny ti
Quyt nh 179/2004/Q-TTg, k ngy 6/10/2004 va qua.
QUYT NH
CA TH TNG CHNH PH S 179/2004/Q-TTG
NGY 06 THNG 10 NM 2004 V VIC PH DUYT CHIN LC NG
DNG V PHT TRIN CNG NGH THNG TIN TI NGUYNV MI
TRNG N NM 2015 V NH HNG N NM 2020
TH TNG CHNH PH
Cn c Lut T chc Chnh ph ngy 25 thng 12 nm 2001;
Xt ngh ca B trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng ti t trnh s 106/TTrBTNMT ngy 28 thng 7 nm 2004,
QUYT NH:
iu 1. Ph duyt Chin lc ng dng v pht trin cng ngh thng tin ti nguyn
v mi trng n nm 2015 v nh hng n nm 2020 vi nhng ni dung ch
yu sau:
I. MC TIU
1. Tin hc ho h thng qun l hnh chnh nh nc v ti nguyn v mi trng ph
hp vi tiu chun Chnh ph in t ca Vit Nam, nng cao cht lng v hiu qu
qun l ti nguyn v mi trng; ci cch th tc hnh chnh i vi h thng ng
k, cp php v khai thc, s dng ti nguyn v cht lng mi trng; to iu kin
t chc v ngi dn tip cn thun li cc thng tin v ti nguyn v mi trng.
n nm 2010, vic tin hc ho h thng qun l hnh chnh nh nc v ti nguyn
v mi trng phi t c cc mc tiu c th sau:
a) Cng vic qun l nh nc thuc khi c quan B Ti nguyn v Mi trng c

thc hin bng kt ni thng tin trc tip vi cc mng ni b thnh phn ca tng
lnh vc thuc ngnh;
b) Cc th tc ng k, cp php thuc phm vi hot ng ca ngnh Ti nguyn v
Mi trng c thc hin thng qua mng ni b thnh phn ca tng lnh vc thuc
ngnh;
c) H thng mng thng tin qun l ti nguyn v mi trng c kt ni trc tip
vi mng qun l ti chnh, ngn hng, thu, kho bc phi hp qun l giao dch
bo m v qun l ti chnh v ti nguyn v mi trng;
d) Thng tin hin trng v h thng ng k; vn bn chnh sch, php lut; quy
hoch, k hoch quyt nh, xt duyt c cng b cng khai trn mng thng tin
ca tng lnh vc thuc ngnh;
) Vic xy dng v iu chnh chnh sch, php lut, quy hoch c thc hin trn
c s phn tch d liu trong c s d liu ca tng lnh vc thuc ngnh.
n nm 2015, vic tin hc ho h thng qun l hnh chnh nh nc v ti nguyn
v mi trng c thc hin trn mng thng tin thng nht v ti nguyn v mi
trng.
2. Thit b, cng ngh phc v cng vic iu tra, kho st, quan trc, o c c
chuyn tng bc sang th h cng ngh s, bo m t ng ho hu ht vic thu
nhn d liu ti nguyn v mi trng, t ng ho vic nhp d liu vo c s d
liu.
n nm 2010, t 50% ti 100% thit b trong iu tra, kho st, quan trc, o c
c chuyn sang cng ngh s. Ty theo nhu cu c th ca tng lnh vc thuc
ngnh; n nm 2015 nng ln t 70% ti 100% v n nm 2020 hon thnh ton b
qu trnh chuyn i cng ngh thu nhn d liu.
3. C s d liu quc gia v ti nguyn v mi trng c tch hp y trong h
thng mng thng tin ti nguyn v mi trng quc gia v c cp nht thng
xuyn, c kt ni trc tuyn gia cc c s d liu ca cc lnh vc thuc ngnh,
gia Trung ng vi cp tnh, c kt ni khng trc tuyn vi cc c s d liu v
ti nguyn v mi trng quc t v khu vc, ng vai tr ht nhn ca h thng gim
st ti nguyn v mi trng quc gia, to thnh h tng thng tin phc v qun l nh
nc v cc hot ng kinh t, x hi, quc phng, an ninh, nghin cu khoa hc, gio
dc o to v nng cao dn tr.
n nm 2010, hon thnh vic xy dng, tch hp c s d liu ca tng lnh vc
thuc ngnh Ti nguyn v Mi trng vi d liu c chun ho theo chun quc
gia. c cp nht thng xuyn t h thng gim st a phng, t Trm thu nh
v tinh quc gia v b sung cc d liu ca khu vc v ton cu; c kt ni theo lnh
vc gia Trung ng v cp tnh hnh thnh mng thng tin ca tng lnh vc thuc
vi
ngnh, bo m yu cu phc v qun l nh nc i vi tng lnh vc v cung cp

d liu cho nhu cu hot ng kinh t - x hi, quc phng, an ninh ca c nc;
bc u th nghim tch hp thng tin ca cc c s d liu tng lnh vc theo thit
k c s d liu quc gia v ti nguyn v mi trng.
n nm 2015, c s d liu ti nguyn v mi trng quc gia c xy dng mc
tch hp hon chnh cc c s d liu ca tng lnh vc thuc ngnh to thnh
h thng mng thng tin ti nguyn v mi trng quc gia gm tt c d liu hin
trng v d liu lch s, d liu c cp nht thng xuyn t mng li iu tra,
kho st, quan trc, o c Trung ng, t h thng qun l a phng, t Trm
thu nh v tinh quc gia v cc trm thu d liu quc t; h thng c s d liu v
mng thng tin ti nguyn v mi trng l mt h thng thng nht t Trung ng ti
a phng, c chun ho theo chun quc gia, c phng tin bo m tuyt i v
an ton d liu v an ninh d liu; h thng d liu ti nguyn v mi trng p ng
y yu cu qun l nh nc, phn nh chnh xc hin trng, nh gi tim nng
s dng, lp quy hoch hp l cho s dng, d bo tc ng mi trng, d bo cc
tai bin thin nhin v phc v nhu cu s dng thng tin cho pht trin kinh t - x
hi v m bo quc phng, an ninh.
4. ng dng v pht trin cng ngh thng tin gii cc bi ton chuyn ngnh nhm
nng cao cht lng kt qu x l khi lng ln d liu ti nguyn v mi trng;
nng cao tin cy d bo thi tit, kh hu, tai bin thin nhin, d bo nhim mi
trng.
n nm 2010, vic ng dng v pht trin cng ngh thng tin gii quyt cc bi
ton chuyn phc tp ca ngnh cn t c cc kt qu sau:
a) Thit lp phng tnh ton hiu nng cao vi thit k phn cng chuyn dng c tc
x l tnh ton cao, c kh nng thc hin a x l, a nhim, s dng chung cho
ton ngnh, pht trin phn mm chuyn dng ring ca tng lnh vc ph hp vi c
th Vit Nam.
b) Vn hnh Trm thu nh v tinh quc gia phc v gim st hin trng ti nguyn v
mi trng trn c s thu nh k mt s loi nh quang hc, nh radar ph hp vi
nhu cu s dng chung ca c nc v nhu cu s dng ring cho ti nguyn v mi
trng, pht trin phn mm chuyn dng x l nh hng khng - v tinh cho mc
ch ti nguyn v mi trng.
c) Vn hnh h thng trm nh v ton cu GPS c nh nhm cung cp thng tin
phc v nng cao chnh xc nh v, dn ng phc v nhu cu iu tra, kho st,
o c, quan trc ring ca ngnh Ti nguyn v Mi trng v phc v nhu cu s
dng chung ca c nc. Trm trung tm ca h thng ti H Ni c xy dng nh
mt phng th nghim v cng ngh nh v v tinh v thu nhn d liu t cc loi v
tinh khc v thm d, kho st, nghin cu tri t.
vii
d) Mi lnh vc thuc ngnh c mt s phng th nghim ring vi phn cng v phn

mm ph hp p ng nhu cu ng dng v pht trin cng ngh thng tin chuyn
dng thuc lnh vc mnh.
n nm 2015, hon chnh phng th nghim tnh ton c hiu nng cao, Phng th
nghim x l d liu nh v d liu a l (thuc Trm thu nh v tinh quc gia), Phng
th nghim x l d liu v tinh nh v v cc v tinh thm d, kho st, nghin cu tri
t (thuc Trm GPS trung tm) a vo vn hnh theo ng chc nng thit k phc
v x l d liu ln trong phn tch hin trng v d bo v ti nguyn v mi trng;
hp tc nghin cu khoa hc v tri t trong nc v quc t, cung cp d liu cho cc
i tng c nhu cu s dng, pht trin cng ngh thng tin chuyn dng cho ti nguyn
v mi trng.
II. NHIM V TRNG TM CA CHIN LC
V CC BC TRIN KHAI
1. Tin hc ho vic thu nhn, cp nht d liu ti nguyn v mi trng thng qua qu
trnh thc hin iu tra, kho st, o c, quan trc trong cc lnh vc thuc ngnh Ti
nguyn v Mi trng.
Thi im hon thnh cng vic tin hc ho cc thit b iu tra, kho st, o c,
quan trc i vi tng lnh vc c xc nh nh sau:
a) Qun l t ai: n nm 2010, hon thnh o c lp bn a chnh theo cng
ngh s; lp bn hin trng s dng t v gim st thc hin quy hoch, k hoch
s dng t bng nh hng khng - v tinh.
b) Qun l ti nguyn nc: n nm 2005, t chc tip nhn cc d liu o c ngun
nc, gim st s dng ngun nc, quan trc cht lng mi trng nc t cc c
quan thc hin a vo c s d liu; n nm 2015, nng cp hoc trang b mi
cc thit b iu tra, kho st, o c, quan trc v ti nguyn nc theo cng ngh s.
c) a cht v qun l khong sn: n nm 2010, tin hc ho h thng gim st hin
trng khai thc khong sn t cc trm gim st mt t v nh v tinh; n nm 2015,
tin hc ho vic lp bn a cht t d liu kho st, o c mt t kt hp vi nh
hng khng - v tinh; n nm 2020, tin hc ho ton b h thng thit b mt t phc
v kho st, thm d o c a cht; hon thnh tin hc ho thit b kho st, thm d,
o c a cht.
d) Mi trng: n nm 2010, hon thnh h thng quan trc, h thng nh gi cht
lng mi trng bng cng ngh vin thm; n nm 2020, hon thnh h thng trm
mt t quan trc, nh gi cht lng mi trng theo cng ngh s.
viii
) Kh tng thu vn: n nm 2005, hon thnh h thng thu nhn, x l d liu t
trm cao khng, radar thi tit, thu nh my; n nm 2020, hon thnh vic nng cp
thit b ton mng li o c kh tng thu vn theo cng ngh s.
e) o c bn : n nm 2005, tin hc ho ton b h thng thit b o c ta ,
cao, trng lc mt t; n nm 2010, nng cp h thng thit b o c bn bin
theo cng ngh s; n nm 2015, nng cp h thng thit b o c nh hng khng v tinh theo cng ngh s.
2. Xy dng c s d liu quc gia v ti nguyn v mi trng vi cc bc i nh
sau:
a) T nay n nm 2005: thc hin nghin cu kh thi v thit k c s d liu ti
nguyn v mi trng, vn hnh th nghim, xy dng c s d liu a l s dng
chung c chun ho.
b) T nm 2006 n nm 2010: xy dng c s d liu thnh phn cho cc lnh vc
qun l t ai, qun l ti nguyn nc, khong sn, mi trng, a cht, kh tng
thy vn, o c bn , th hin theo chun thng nht.
c) T nm 2011 n 2015: tch hp cc c s d liu thnh phn ca lnh vc thnh c
s d liu ti nguyn v mi trng quc gia.
3. T chc h thng mng truyn d liu phc v chuyn ngnh v phc v cung cp
d liu ti nguyn v mi trng cho nhu cu qun l nh nc, pht trin kinh t - x
hi, quc phng, an ninh, nghin cu khoa hc, o to, hp tc quc t v cc nhu
cu khc ca x hi v cng ng.
Mng truyn d liu c thit k v trin khai song hnh vi c s d liu c bc i
c th nh sau:
a) T nay n 2005: mi lnh vc thuc ngnh u c thit k mng ni b
(Intranet) chuyn ngnh, kt ni vi my ch ca Trung tm thng tin ca B, my
ch ca c quan B.
b) T 2006 n 2010: tng mng ni b chuyn ngnh i vo hot ng, bo m lin
kt d liu chuyn ngnh phn tn Trung ng v cc a phng cp tnh, cung cp
d liu cho nhu cu qun l nh nc v cc nhu cu khc v kinh t, x hi, quc
phng, an ninh, kt ni vi cc trung tm thng tin quc t ca lnh vc mnh trao
i d liu hp tc quc t; cc mng ni b chuyn ngnh c kt ni vi nhau
trao i d liu, kt ni vi mng Internet cung cp thng tin p ng cho nhu cu
s dng chung v nhu cu thng tin ca cng ng.
c) T 2011 n 2015: xy dng hon chnh mng ni b ti nguyn v mi trng
quc gia trn c s kt ni cc mng ni b chuyn ngnh ca tng lnh vc (gi l
mng thng tin ti nguyn v mi trng quc gia).
4. ng dng v pht trin cng ngh thng tin nng cao hiu qu gii quyt cc bi
ton c th v ti nguyn v mi trng theo hng ng dng c hiu qu cng ngh
ix
thng tin chuyn dng ca nc ngoi, khuyn khch cc gii php cng ngh v phn
cng v phn mm trong nc nhm nng cao hiu qu x l khi lng d liu ln
v nng cao tin cy ca kt qu vi bc i c th nh sau:
a) T 2006 n 2010: xy dng phng th nghim tnh ton hiu nng cao c kh nng
x l cc bi ton i hi tc tnh ton cao x l khi lng d liu ln, phc v
cho nhu cu chung ca ton ngnh Ti nguyn v Mi trng; khai thc c hiu qu
phng th nghim x l d liu nh, d liu a l c xy dng gn vi Trm thu
nh v tinh quc gia; vn hnh phng th nghim x l d liu nh v v tinh GPS
c xy dng gn vi trm trung tm ca h thng trm GPS c nh t ti H Ni,
kt hp thu nhn v x l d liu t cc v tinh thm d, kho st nghin cu tri t
phc v nhu cu d liu trong nc.
b) T 2011 n 2015: nng cao kh nng x l d liu ln, tin cy ca kt qu thu
c; gii quyt mc cao hn i vi bi ton phn tch hin trng ti nguyn v
mi trng, quy hoch s dng ti nguyn thin nhin, d bo tai bin thin nhin, d
bo tai bin v mi trng do con ngi gy ra; to c cc sn phm phn cng v
phn mm gii quyt cc bi ton c th v thng tin ti nguyn v mi trng.
5. Thc hin tt Chng trnh tin hc ho h thng qun l hnh chnh nh nc
(Chng trnh 112) trong cc c quan qun l nh nc v ti nguyn v mi trng;
kt hp cht ch vi qu trnh xy dng h thng c s d liu ti nguyn v mi
trng, xy dng mng thng tin ti nguyn v mi trng quc gia vi cc bc i c
th nh sau:
a) T nay n 2005: tin hc ho ton din cng tc vn phng i vi c quan B Ti
nguyn v Mi trng, cc S Ti nguyn v Mi trng v to mi lin h qun l
c tin hc ho gia Chnh ph, B Ti nguyn v Mi trng, U ban nhn dn cp
tnh i vi qun l nh nc v ti nguyn v mi trng.
b) T 2006 n 2010: tin hc ho cc hot ng hnh chnh vi dn nhm ci cch th
tc hnh chnh trong tng lnh vc thuc ngnh; thc hin ng k, cp php, ph bin
chnh sch, php lut, cng khai quy hoch trong lnh vc ti nguyn v mi trng
trn mng thng tin chuyn ngnh.
c) T 2011 n 2015: tin hc ho cc hot ng qun l nh nc v ti nguyn v
mi trng mc cao; xut vic hoch nh chnh sch, php lut, xt duyt quy
hoch, hnh thnh quyt nh qun l c tr gip thng qua h thng phn tch
thng tin trong c s d liu ti nguyn v mi trng; to cu ni trc tip gia c
quan hnh chnh nh nc v ngi dn thng qua h thng mng thng tin ti nguyn
v mi trng.
6. Xy dng h thng vn bn quy nh tiu chun k thut v thng tin ti nguyn
v mi trng v vn bn quy phm php lut v qun l thng tin ti nguyn v mi
trng trong thi gian t nay ti 2005, bao gm cc cng vic sau:
x
a) Ban hnh h thng vn bn quy nh tiu chun k thut v thng tin ti nguyn v
mi trng.
b) Trnh Chnh ph ban hnh Ngh nh v qun l thng tin ti nguyn v mi trng,
quy nh r trch nhim v quyn li ca cc c quan cung cp thng tin, trch nhim
ca c quan qun l thng tin, trch nhim v quyn li ca ngi s dng thng tin,
gi tr php l ca thng tin, quyn s hu thng tin, c ch cung cp thng tin, ch
bo m an ton v an ninh thng tin v a h thng vn bn quy phm php lut
vo cuc sng.
7. o to cn b cng ngh thng tin p ng nhu cu v s lng v cht lng
trin khai thc hin Chin lc ng dng v pht trin cng ngh thng tin ti
nguyn v mi trng thng qua qu trnh trin khai cc chng trnh d n v cng
ngh thng tin; tng hm lng o to cng ngh thng tin v ti nguyn v mi
trng ti cc trng cao ng, trung hc thuc B, cc khoa o to chuyn ngnh v
ti nguyn v mi trng thuc cc trng i hc; o to chuyn ngnh ti nguyn
v mi trng cho cc chuyn gia cng ngh thng tin lm vic ti cc n v thuc
ngnh; ph cp kin thc ng dng cng ngh thng tin trn cc trang thng tin in
t ca ngnh, xy dng h thng o to t xa cho cn b ca ngnh a phng.
III. CC GII PHP CH YU V CC
CHNG TRNH, D N TRNG IM
1. Cc gii php ch yu:
a) Hot ng xy dng, xt duyt cc d n, trin khai thc hin d n phi cn c ni
dung ca Chin lc sn phm ca cc d n ph hp vi tnh h thng ca Chin
lc;
b) Ban hnh cc vn bn php quy trong thi gian sm nht to khung php l
trong qu trnh trin khai thc hin Chin lc, c bit phi quy nh sm h thng
chun d liu ti nguyn v mi trng;
c) Huy ng nhiu ngun vn khc nhau nh s nghip kinh t, s nghip khoa hc,
xy dng c bn, Chng trnh 112, h tr pht trin chnh thc (ODA), hp tc vi
nc ngoi, v.v... thc hin tng phn cc chng trnh, d n trong Chin lc,
c bit cn tch cc tm kim ngun vn ODA thc hin cc d n ln;
d) C c ch khuyn khch vic pht trin phn mm, y nhanh tin tin hc ha
trong ng dng v pht trin cng ngh thng tin cho ngnh;
) To c ch phi hp tt gia cc lnh vc thuc ngnh gia Trung ng v a
phng, gia ngnh Ti nguyn v Mi trng vi cc ngnh khc hp tc pht
trin h tng v d liu, trnh tnh trng ct c d liu;
xi
e) To iu kin cc lnh vc thuc ngnh tham gia cc hot ng hp tc d liu

trong khu vc v ton cu nhm gii quyt cc vn chung v ti nguyn v mi
trng.
2. Cc chng trnh, d n trng im:
a) Chng trnh i mi trang thit b iu tra, kho st, o c, quan trc ti nguyn
v mi trng theo nh hng cng ngh s.
Tip tc trin khai cc d n ang thc hin, xy dng cc d n mi, bo m u t
ng b t cc ngun vn xy dng c bn (cho iu tra c bn), s nghip kinh t, s
nghip khoa hc, ODA. Chng trnh hon thnh vo nm 2010 gm cc d n c th
sau:
- D n i mi trang thit b quan trc, o c thuc h thng cc trm kh tng,
thu vn.
Tip tc nng cp trang thit b ti cc trm kh tng, thu vn, hi vn, bo m tnh
ng b v h thng theo cng ngh s t ng ho bng ngun vn xy dng c bn
(cho iu tra c bn).
- D n xy dng, i mi trang thit b quan trc mi trng thuc h thng cc trm
quan trc mi trng.
Tip tc nng cp trang thit b ti cc trm quan trc mi trng, bo m tnh ng b
v h thng theo cng ngh s t ng ha bng cc ngun vn xy dng c bn (cho
iu tra c bn), s nghip kinh t cho mi trng, ODA.
- D n i mi trang thit b iu tra, kho st, thm d a cht, a vt l cho cc
Lin on a cht.
Tip tc nng cp trang thit b iu tra, kho st, thm d a cht, a vt l, bo m
tnh ng b v h thng cho cc Lin on a cht theo cng ngh s bng cc
ngun vn xy dng c bn (cho iu tra c bn), s nghip kinh t cho a cht.
- D n i mi trang thit b bay chp nh, qut laser t my bay, o c bn a
hnh y bin.
Nng cp thit b chp nh my bay quang hc bng cng ngh chp nh s hoc cng
ngh qut laser t my bay, nng cp thit b o su hi m bng thit b qut hi m
chm tia trong o c bin bng cc ngun vn xy dng c bn (cho iu tra c bn), s
nghip kinh t cho o c bn , ODA.
- D n xy dng h thng trm thu v x l nh v tinh quc gia.
Xy dng trm thu nh v tinh, trm x l nh v pht trin ng dng cng ngh vin
thm trong gim st ti nguyn v mi trng bng ngun vn ODA ca Chnh ph
Php.
- D n xy dng h thng trm GPS c nh ti Vit Nam.
xii
Tip tc xy dng 7 trm GPS c nh thu lin tc tn hiu t v tinh nh v v pht tr

li nng cao chnh xc nh v, dn ng; xy dng thm 16 trm c nh thu nhn
lin tc tn hiu t v tinh phc v quan trc dch ng v tri t bng cc ngun vn xy
dng c bn (cho iu tra c bn), ODA.
b) Chng trnh xy dng c s d liu ti nguyn v mi trng quc gia.
Ni dung bao gm nhiu d n, mi lnh vc thuc ngnh thc hin mt d n ring
c ni dung xy dng c s d liu cho lnh vc hoc c ni dung tch hp c s
d liu, thc hin trong thi gian t 2006 n 2010 bng cc ngun vn s nghip
kinh t, ODA:
- D n hin i ha h thng qun l t ai.
Tin hc ha h thng qun l t ai trn c s xy dng c s d liu h s a chnh,
thc hin trong giai on 2005 - 2010 bng ngun vn ODA.
- D n hin i ha h thng qun l ti nguyn nc.
Tin hc ha h thng qun l ti nguyn nc trn c s xy dng c s d liu ti
nguyn nc v s dng ti nguyn nc, thc hin trong giai on 2006 - 2010 bng
ngun vn ODA.
- D n hin i ha h thng qun l khong sn.
Tin hc ha h thng qun l khong sn trn c s xy dng c s d liu v khong sn
v s dng khong sn, thc hin trong giai on 2006 - 2010 bng ngun vn ODA.
- D n xy dng c s d liu a l.
Xy dng c s d liu a l s dng chung, thc hin trong giai on t nay n
nm 2005 bng ngun vn s nghip kinh t.
- D n xy dng c s d liu kh tng thu vn.
Xy dng c s d liu kh tng thu vn, thc hin trong giai on
2010 bng ngun vn s nghip kinh t.
2006 -
- D n xy dng c s d liu mi trng.

Xy dng c s d liu mi trng, thc hin trong giai on 2006 - 2010 bng ngun
vn s nghip kinh t.
- D n xy dng c s d liu a cht.
Xy dng c s d liu a cht, a vt l, thc hin trong giai on 2006 - 2010 bng
ngun vn s nghip kinh t.
- D n xy dng th vin in t ti nguyn v mi trng.
Thu thp ton b cc loi ti liu, sch, bo, d liu quan trng trong nc, khu vc v
quc t v ti nguyn v mi trng thnh lp mt th vin in t phc v nhu cu
thng tin cho qun l nh nc v cng ng, thc hin trong giai on 2005 - 2010
bng ngun vn s nghip kinh t.
xiii
- D n xy dng c s d liu tch hp ti nguyn v mi trng.

Xy dng h thng tch hp ton b cc c s d liu chuyn ngnh thnh c s d
liu ti nguyn v mi trng quc gia, thc hin trong giai on 2006 - 2010 bng
ngun vn s nghip kinh t.
c) D n xy dng h thng mng thng tin ti nguyn v mi trng.
Xy dng h thng mng thng tin ni b (Intranet) cho tng lnh vc ca ngnh, tch
hp tr thnh h thng mng thng tin ti nguyn v mi trng quc gia, thc hin
t 2007 n 2015 bng cc ngun vn s nghip kinh t, ODA.
d) D n tin hc ha h thng qun l nh nc (Chng trnh 112 ca Chnh ph).
Xy dng h thng qun l hnh chnh nh nc theo nh hng chnh ph in t
(khng bao gm ni dung xy dng c s d liu v mng truyn d liu); thc hin
t 2002 n 2010 (ang trin khai) bng ngun vn Chng trnh 112 ca Chnh ph.
) D n ng dng v pht trin cng ngh thng tin cho gii quyt cc bi ton
chuyn v ti nguyn v mi trng.
Nghin cu pht trin cng ngh thng tin gii quyt cc bi ton c th v x l
khi lng d liu ln, trin khai l thuyt nhn dng v tr tu nhn to trong gii
on thng tin v tri t, nng cao chnh xc d bo tai bin thin nhin, d bo tai
bin mi trng, nghin cu khoa hc v tri t; thc hin t nm 2006 n nm
2010 bng ngun vn s nghip khoa hc, s nghip kinh t.
e) D n xy dng cc vn bn khung php l v qun l d liu ti nguyn v mi
trng.
Xy dng Ngh nh ca Chnh ph v thu nhn, ph cp, qun l, s dng d liu ti
nguyn v mi trng; xy dng tiu chun k thut v d liu ti nguyn v mi
trng; thc hin t nay n nm 2005 (ang trin khai) bng ngun vn s nghip
kinh t.
iu 2. Giao B Ti nguyn v Mi trng ch tr, phi hp vi B Bu chnh, Vin
thng, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh, cc c quan lin quan trin khai thc hin cc ni
dung quy nh ti iu 1; phi hp vi B K hoch v u t, B Ti chnh xy
dng k hoch vn hng nm cho vic thc hin Chin lc ny.
iu 3. Quyt nh ny c hiu lc sau 15 ngy, k t ngy ng Cng bo.
Cc B trng, Th trng c quan ngang B, Th trng c quan thuc Chnh ph,
Ch tch U ban nhn dn cc tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng chu trch nhim
thi hnh Quyt nh ny.
xiv

Ung Dung GIS Quan Ly Chat Thai Ran Cho Thanh Pho Dong Hoi - Quang Binh

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Ung Dung GIS Quan Ly Chat Thai Ran Cho Thanh Pho Dong Hoi - Quang Binh

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TRNG I HC BN CNG TN C THNG

KHOA MI TRNG & BO H LAO NG

NG DNG GIS QUN L CHT

Ngy giao nhim v lun vn:

TRNG HBC TN C THNG

CONG HOA XA HOI CHU NGHA VIET NAM

NHIM V LUN N TT NGHIP

Gio vin hng dn chnh

Kho lun ny c hon thnh l cng sc v tnh cm ca thy c, bn b

NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN

Ngy thng nm 2006

iu kin t nhin, kinh t x hi thnh ph ng Hi .................................12

Tnh hnh x hi v dn s............................................................................. 13

Tnh hnh pht trin kinh t ........................................................................... 14

Sn xut cng nghip v tiu th cng nghip .............................................. 15

Sn xut nng nghip..................................................................................... 15

Thng mi v dch v. ................................................................................. 15

Hin trng qun l cht thi rn thnh ph ng Hi. ......................................16

Tng quan v cht thi rn thnh ph ng Hi ....................................... 16

Qun l nh nc v thu gom v x l rc thi thnh ph ng Hi........ 19

Thc trng thu gom rc thi........................................................................... 20

Phn tch nguyn nhn ca nhim cht thi rn ..............................................32

nh gi tng quan v cc vn mi trng tnh Qung Bnh. ......................34

MT S C S L LUN V THC TIN CA LUN VN .....36

nh ngha v GIS ......................................................................................... 36

Cc chc nng c bn ca h thng tin a l ............................................... 36

Cc thnh phn ca h GIS............................................................................ 37

Vai tr ca h thng thng tin a l trong nghin cu mi trng.............. 40

H thng thng tin mi trng...........................................................................41

nh ngha h thng thng tin mi trng .................................................... 42

C cu t chc ca HTTTMT ....................................................................... 42

C s thc tin ca ti ...................................................................................44

ng dng GIS v CNTT qun l CTR ti mt nc trn th gii ................ 44

ng dng GIS v CNTT qun l CTR ti Vit Nam .................................... 47

Ch tiu hiu qu thu gom CTRSH................................................................ 48

Ch tiu hiu qu s dng xe gom ................................................................. 48

Ch tiu nh gi h thng vn chuyn.......................................................... 48

Tm tt ni dung chng ...................................................................................49

S cu trc v chc nng chnh ca phn mm WASTE .............................50

Xy dng CSDL cho WASTE_DH....................................................................51

Khi GIS ........................................................................................................ 52

Module qun l CSDL d liu mi trng.................................................... 53

Module phn tch, truy vn, lm bo co ...................................................... 54

Khi m hnh ................................................................................................. 56

Cu trc d liu v i thu gom rc cng lp............................................... 58

Cu trc d liu v dn s theo cc Phng trong thnh ph ng Hi ..... 59

Xy dng CSDL v cc v tr thu gom v tuyn thu gom rc ............................60

Thng tin v cc im thu rc........................................................................ 60

Cu trc d liu v Phng tin thu gom...................................................... 62

Cu trc d liu v Tuyn ng thu gom.................................................... 62

Cu trc d liu v L trnh qut rc............................................................. 62

Cu trc d liu v L trnh thu gom ............................................................ 63

Cu trc d liu v im quan trc................................................................ 63

ng dng WASTE_DH vo cng tc qun l CTR ti Tp. ng Hi..............63

S liu kinh t x hi ..................................................................................... 72

Li ch t vic ng dng WASTE_DH..............................................................73

Bng 3.13. Thng tin v tuyn ng thu gom rc.......................................................62

Hnh 3.20 Thng tin v Bi chn lp ............................................................................69

Cng ty Cng trnh th

Cht thi rn cng nghip

Cht thi rn sinh hot

H thng thng tin mi trng

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