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. When a mass of a fluid heats up by being upon a hot surface, its molecules are carried away and scattered causing that the mass of that fluid becomes less dense. Given that the volume of the hot fluid becomes less dense, it will be displaced vertically and or hori!ontally, while the cold but denser volume of fluid sin"s (the low#"inetic#energy molecules displace to the molecules with high#"inetic#energy). $hrough this process, the molecules of the hot fluid continuously transfer heat to the volumes of colder fluid. in fluid mechanics, where %convection% refers to the motion of fluid (regardless of cause).
in thermodynamics %convection% often refers specifically to heat transfer by convection. Causes of convection NATURAL CONVECTION or free convection, occurs due to temperature differences which affect the density, and thus relative buoyancy, of the fluid. &eavier (more dense) components will fall while lighter (less dense) components rise, leading to bul" fluid movement. 'atural convection can only occur, therefore, in a gravitational field. F()C*+ C(',*C$-(' . also called heat advection, fluid movement results from e/ternal surface forces such as a fan or pump. Forced convection is typically used to increase the rate of heat e/change. HEAT FLOW IN BUILDING