CHNG 2: CAC NGUON LC PHAT TRIEN A. VON B. LAO ONG C. KHOA HOC-CONG NGHE D.

TAI NGUYEN THIEN NHIEN

A.VON I- Phan biet von san xuat & von au t

TAI SAN QUOC GIA bao gom: 1- Tai nguyen thien nhien

2- Nguon nhan lc 3- Tai san vat chat do con ngi tao ra.

TAI SAN VAT CHAT

1. Nha may 2. May moc thiet b 3. Tru s c quan, trang thiet b van phong 4.C s ha tang ky thuat 5.Ton kho cua tat ca cac loai hang hoa

6. Cong trnh cong cong 7. Cong trnh kien truc 8- Nha 9. Can c quan s

II. Cac nhan to anh hng en au t + - - +/ I = f ( r, i, t, e..) I: au t r: ty suat li nhuan (rate of return) i: lai suat (interest rate) e: (environment) moi trng chnh tr, kinh te, van hoa, xa hoi

III.NGUON HNH THANH VON AU T

TIET KIEM TRONG NC
NHA NC
TK NGAN SACH TK DNQD

NGOAI NC
T NHAN NHA NC T NHAN

DOANH NGHIEP

VIEN TR VAY U AI

AU T AU T TRC TIEP GIAN TIEP

VAY THNG MAI

DAN C

CHNG KHOAN TN DUNG XK

B.1.NGUON LAO ONG XA HOI ba gom:

Nhng ngi Nhng ngi trong o tuoi lao ngoai o tuoi ong va co lao ong mot kha nang lao gii han nhat ong: Viet nh thc te co Nam tham gia lao ong: Nam: 61-65; N: Nam: 16-60 56-60; tre em 13 N: 16-55 15

II. ac iem lao ong cac nc ang phat

trien

1. Nguon lao ong doi dao, gia re do trnh o thap, nang suat thap 2. Chu yeu la lao ong nong nghiep. 3. Chenh lech tien lng gia lao ong lanh nghe & khong lanh nghe cac nc ang phat trien cao hn cac nc phat trien

B.3

3. C CAU TH TRNG LAO ONG

K/vc thanh th K.Vc th/th khong chnh thc:c quan chnh thc, c s NN, c s SX-KD sx-kd nho cua Khu vc nong thon ln, va cua NN, t nhan, hanh nghe tien lng thap nhat t nhan, lng cao t do, lng thap, trong 3 khu vc ;lao ong phai co khong can bang cap trnh o, bang cap

B.II. CHAT LNG LAO ONG PHU THUOC VAO 3 NHAN TO:

1. Hanh vi va gia tr ngi lao ong 2. Ky nang 3. Sc khoe va dinh

B.III. ANH GIA NGUON LXH & ANH GIA VIEC S DUNG NGUON LXH anh gia nguon LXH ve mat so lng & c cau: -c cau t nhien: gii tnh, o tuoi. -c cau xa hoi:cac nhom dan c -c cau nganh (CN,NN,DV); nghe (giao vien, bac s..) -trnh o van hoa, chuyen mon

anh gia viec s dung: Ty le that nghiep ngi that nghiep

-------------------lao ong xa hoi

CAC DANG CHA S DUNG HET LAO ONG THAT NGHIEP BAN THAT NGHIEP HU Chu yeu la Lao ong nong HNH lao ong thanh thon that

th mi vao nghe VO Lao ong noi HNH tr. Nhng ngi lao ong nan long

nghiep theo thi vu L nong thon khong u viec lam. L khu vc th/th khong chnh

C. KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE

Khai niem: Khoa hoc la tap hp mot cach co he thong nhng hieu biet cua con ngi ve t nhien, xa hoi va t duy. KH c the hien bang cac phat minh di nhieu hnh thc: ly thuyet, nh ly, nh luat, nguyen tac.. Cong nghe hieu theo ngha hep la trnh t cac giai phap ky thuat trong mot day chuyen san xuat; hieu theo ngha rong la mot he thong ve qui trnh che bien vat chat va thong tin

Hieu theo ngha rong, cong nghe gom 4 thanh phan:

1. 2. 3. 4.

May moc thiet b (phan cng) Thong tin. Ky nang To chc

CHUYEN GIAO CONG NGHE

Quyen s hu (hay s dung) cac sang che c cap bang ve: giai phap ky thuat chat lng, kieu dang, nhan hieu, bao b b quyet ky thuat kien thc ky thuat dch vu quan ly..

CAC LUONG CHUYEN GIAO CONG NGHE

Chuyen giao doc: u: - Tnh canh tranh cao Nhc: - o rui ro mao hiem cao Chuyen giao ngang: u: o rui ro mao hiem thap. Nhc: Tnh canh tranh thap
nhanCa
chuye n

To Quo nha ch c gia n c

Ca nha n To ch c Quo c gia

III. CAC HNG NGHIEN CU C BAN KHOA HOC- CONG NGHE

1. Nang lng mi: - The ky 19: cui, go, rm, ra, than. - The ky 20:Nang lng hoa thach: dau, kh ot - Nang lng mat tri (von au t ln, Tac pham chnh chuyen NL ien cao) , sc nc, sc gio, nang lng thuy trieu ( NL sach, phu hp vi vung hai ao, nui xa; cong suat nho) - Nang lng hat nhan ( giai phong t qua trnh phan huy hat nhan cac nguyen to U, Th hay tong hp nhiet hach, cong suat ln; s co gay hau qua nghiem trong) Nang lng a nhiet ( nhng vung co nui la, hoat ong a chan manh nh Y, Island, Kamchatka, Newzealand)

2- Vat lieu mi
- T o a, o ong, o sat..sang hp kim: Titan va hp kim Titan (may bay, ten la, tau vu tru, mui khoan dau..) - T gom s truyen thong sang gom s cao cao cap ben, chu nhiet, o mai mon thap (au pttong, ong c phan lc..) - Vat lieu hon hp cao phan t: nha si carbon (vo tau xe, vat lieu XD) - Vat lieu phc hp t cac hp chat kim loai, s, mang SV, cao phan

3- ien t- tin hoc - Tin hoc la nganh hoc nghien cu ve thu thap, phan loai, x ly, lu tr va truyen thong tin. Cong cu: may tnh ien tThong tin co the chuyen gia cac may tnh bang ng cap, ve tinh hay ng day ien thoai qua th ien t hay truy cap d lieu. , Ngoai ra thong tin co the truyen qua ien thoai, tivi va cac phng tien thong tin ai chung khac. -Lnh vc ng dung: san xuat, TC-NH, thng mai, giao duc, y te, kien truc, hanh chnh, giai tr, vu tru..

4- Cong nghe sinh hoc

1. 2. 3. 4. 4 nganh chnh: Vi sinh hoc Di truyen hoc Te bao hoc. Ky thuat hoa hoc 1. 2. 3. 4 loai chnh: Cong nghe vi sinh Cong nghe gien Cong nghe te bao 4. Cong nghe enzym

Lnh vc ng dung: che bien thc pham, nong nghiep, y hoc, hoa hoc, bao ve moi trng.

D. TAI NGUYEN THIEN NHIEN 1. TNTN khong co 1. Nang lng (TM kha nang tai &phi TM) sinh (dau, 2. Khoang san khoang san, 3. at than..) 4. Rng 2. TNTN co kha 5. Nc nang tai sinh 6. Bien & thuy nh h cua con hai san ngi (at, rng, thuy hai 7. Kh hau san..) 3. TNTN co kha

TNTN khong co kha nang tai sinh

DAU KH

TNTN co kha nang tai sinh vo han

Nang lng nc

Nha may thuy ien Hoa Bnh

TNTN co kha nang tai sinh vo han Nang lng nc

Nha may thuy ien Hoa Bnh

TNTN co kha nang tai sinh vo han Nang lng nc

TNTN co kha nang tai sinh vo han Nang lng nc

Nha may thuy ien Tr An

TNTN co kha nang tai sinh vo han Nang lng nc

Nha may thuy ien Tr An

TNTN co kha nang tai sinh vo han

Nang lng nc

ap Tam Hiep- Trung Quoc

TNTN co kha nang tai sinh vo han Nang lng nc

TNTN co kha nang tai sinh vo han

Nang lng mat tri

TNTN co kha nang tai sinh vo han Nang lng mat tri

Li hu c thu nang lng mat tri

TNTN co kha nang tai sinh vo han

Nang lng gio

TNTN co kha nang tai sinh vo han Nang lng gio

TNTN co kha nang tai sinh vo han Nang lng gio

TNTN co kha nang tai sinh vo han

Nang lng gio

ien sc gio
Bnh nh

TNTN co kha nang tai sinh vo han

Nang lng song

Du kh
La ngun nguen liu co gia tr hang u Vit Nam hin nay. Cc m du ln: vung ca song Hng, song Cu Long, Trng Sa, Nam Cn Sn, thm lc a Tay Nam B Tr lng: 5 t tn du quy i, khai thac cng nghip trn 150 triu tn Vng m khai thc chnh: Bch H, i Hng, Lan , Lan Ty, Rng Du th Vit Nam xp th 2-5/9 theo mt s bng xp lai du th gii

Than
ng hng th hai trong cc ngun nhin liu Vit Nam Vng than ln nht l Qung Ninh (chim 98% tr lng than), c nhit lng trn 8000 calo/kg, va su, khai thc hm l l chnh, cung cp cho nhiu vng trong nc v xut khu, thu ht nhiu nh my nhit in ln chy bng tuyn bin than, to thnh mt trong nhng vng nhin liu nng lng ln ca Vit Nam. Ngai ra, cn c mt s m than m, than nu, than bn ri rc mt s ni vi tr lng nh, cht lng thp, ch c gi tr a phng, Vit Nam thiu ngun than m cn cho cng nghip luyn kim

Qung m kim loi

Vit Nam khng c nhng m ln hng u th gii, nhng cng c nhiu qung cn thit cho cng nghip: st (Thi Nguyn, H Tnh, Lo Cai) ng, ch, thit (Cao Bng, Vnh Phc, Lm ng), km, nhm (Cao Bng, Lng Sn, Nam Ty Nguyn)

Qung m phi kim loi

Mt m Vit Nam thuc lai cao nht trn th gii. Trong : Manhetit (Thi Nguyn, Yn Bi, H Tnh), Crm (C nh), Thic (Tnh Tc), Ch, km, bc (T L, Ngn Sn)

Nhc im
Cn nhiu qung m nh phn tn, tr lng t, ch c ngha a phng, hn ch vic c gii ha khai thc, gi thnh cao Khai thc khong sn ba bi v vic mua bn khong sn din ra kh phc tp lm nh hng n mi trng v tht thot khong sn, gy tai hi cht ngi v t nn x hi Cc m do cn b qun l, b c kh luyn kim u c trang b c kh dy chuyn lm giu qung. Cn cc m do a phng khai thc phn ln bng cc cng c th cng hoc na c kh Trong khu thm d a cht, vic nh gi tr lng c khi cn cha chnh xc

Nhc im
Sn lng than c khai thc trong nhng nm va qua tn tht ln do l lt. Tnh trng than t chy cc m kh ph bin (Na Dng, than bn U Minh) Vic o bi phc v cho cc cng trnh trn mt t gy nh hng n mi trng t nhin xung quanh

Trong qu trnh khai thc khong sn gy nn mt cn bng thy lc, lm mt lng ln nc ngt chy ra bin hoc nhng ngun nc ngt b nhim mn, nhim bn.. dn n tnh trng thiu nc ngt mt s vng

Ti nguyn nc
Cc ngun nc ngt ca chng ta rt di do. Va hu hn (nc ngm), va v hn (nc trn mt t).

u im
Lng nc bnh qun u ngi t 1700 m3/nm, h thng sng sui ca Vit Nam kh dy c v phn b kh u trn cc vng lnh th. Cc ngun nc ca nc ta bo m cho vic pht trin cc ngnh: thy in, cng nghip ch bin, nng nghip, giao thng ng thy, dch v, sinh hat

 Nc ta c nhiu sng di, c dc ln nn tim nng thy in ng vo hng u th gii 82.5 kw/km2. Cc dng sng ln tp trung nhiu thy nng l sng Hng, sng ng Nai, sng d khai thc, nm gn cc khu vc c cc m kim lai v cc trung tm cng nghip ch bin ln.

 Do ngun nc mt di do lm cho tr lng nc ngm ln. Trn ton lnh th Vit Nam c trn 350 ngun nc khong, nc nng c kh nng cha bnh tt.

Nh vy, s giu c v ti nguyn nc gp phn quan trng pht trin nn nng nghip nc ta, a Vit Nam tr thnh nc xut khu ng nht nh th gii

Nhc im
Ton b cc ngun nc ngt lu chuyn trn lnh th nc ta rt to ln nhng cha c thm d v nh hng y . Hin tng hn hn, l lt thng xuyn xy ra lm nh hng khng nh n hat ng sn xut. Phn ln cc sng ngi quan trng ca nc ta u bt ngun t nc ngai v nm h lu nn phi chu nhng thit thi nht nh

 Tuy ngun TN nc nc ta v cng to ln v hu ht cha b nhim nhng cng c mt s ni biu hin s nhim Mt trong nhng bo ng ca s suy thai ngun TN ny l s xm nhp mn vo ni ng, hin tng ny xy ra mt s vng chu th Sng Hng, sng Thi Bnh, Sng Cu Long cng nh mt s ni ng bng ven bin Qung Ninh

Tai nguyen at ai
Tng din tch t t nhin ca Vit Nam l 33.1 triu ha, din tch bnh qun u ngi l 0.45 ha, ng th 159 trn th gii
t nng nghip chim 22.2% t lm nghip chim 29.1% t chuyn dng chim 2.3% Khu dn c chim 43% t cha s dng chim 3.4% t nng nghip l mt phc hp ca cc yu t th nhng, a hnh, kh hu, nc v cy trng s dng vo vic pht trin v phn b cc ngnh trng trt v chn nui Tng din tch t nng nghip ca Vit Nam l 10.5 triu ha chim gn 1/3 tng din tch t ai ca c nc.

u im
Nhiu

loi th nhng c gi tr kinh t cao, thch hp cho vic pht trin cc lai cy lng thc v cy cng nghip nhit i c gi tr ng bng chu th c t ph sa chim trn 6 triu ha l c s cho cc vng cy lng thc v cy cng nghip ngn ngy tr ph. Min t ni cao v cao nguyn c nhng vng t feralit ln pht trin trn mu nham-badan l c s tt cho vic pht trin v phn b cc cy cng nghip nhit i c gi tr nh cf, cao su,

Nhc im
Hin nay, nc ta mi s dng khang gn 70% s t nng nghip hin c, s cn li hu ht l t xu (t dc, xi mn, thai ha, mn, phn, ng lt). Xu hng bnh qun din tch t nng nghip trn u ngi ngy mt gim, do tng dn s v pht trin cng nghip, th, h tng k thut chim dng t canh tc nng nghip

TNTN co kha nang tai sinh thong qua tac ong cua con ngi
TAI NGUYEN AT

HAN HAN

TNTN co kha nang tai sinh thong qua tac ong cua con ngi
TAI NGUYEN AT

TNTN co kha nang tai sinh thong qua tac ong cua con ngi
TAI NGUYEN RNG

TNTN co kha nang tai sinh thong qua tac ong cua con ngi
TAI NGUYEN RNG

TNTN co kha nang tai sinh thong qua tac ong cua con ngi
TAI NGUYEN RNG

TNTN co kha nang tai sinh thong qua tac ong cua con ngi
TAI NGUYEN RNG

TNTN co kha nang tai sinh thong qua tac ong cua con ngi
TAI NGUYEN RNG

TNTN co kha nang tai sinh thong qua tac ong cua con ngi
TAI NGUYEN RNG

TNTN co kha nang tai sinh thong qua tac ong cua con ngi
TAI NGUYEN RNG

TNTN co kha nang tai sinh thong qua tac ong cua con ngi
TAI NGUYEN RNG

TNTN co kha nang tai sinh thong qua tac ong cua con ngi
TAI NGUYEN RNG

TNTN co kha nang tai sinh thong qua tac ong cua con ngi
ONG VAT

TNTN co kha nang tai sinh thong qua tac ong cua con ngi
ONG VAT

TNTN co kha nang tai sinh thong qua tac ong cua con ngi
ONG VAT

H ng Dng

CAY GAM

TNTN co kha nang tai sinh thong qua tac ong cua con ngi
ONG VAT

TNTN co kha nang tai sinh thong qua tac ong cua con ngi
ONG VAT

TNTN co kha nang phuc hoi di tac ong cua con ngi Thuy hai san

TNTN co kha nang phuc hoi di tac ong cua con ngi Thuy hai san

cc m hnh sinh thi bin

C Mao Tin

Sinh vt trong b nui ngoi tri

TNTN co kha nang phuc hoi di tac ong cua con ngi
Thuy hai san

Ra ni vin

ra bin

TNTN co kha nang tai sinh thong qua tac ong cua con ngi
Thuy hai san

Nui tm trn ct min Trung

TNTN co kha nang phuc hoi di tac ong cua con ngi Thuy hai san

 Bin
u im
Nc ta c thm lc a m rng km theo nhng dy sn o rt thun tin cho vic nh c Bin Vit Nam c nhng hi lu ven bin v nhng dng sng ln t cc vng su rng trong ni a chy ra em theo nhiu sinh vt tri ni lm mi cho c, khin cho mt cc loi hi sn c th cao hn so vi mt s vng bin nhit i khc

u im
Ngoi cc loi c qu c gi tr quc t (thu, chim, trch, nc, mi) cn c nhng hi sn khc (tm, cua, ngao, s, i mi, hi sm, ngc trai, cu khng, rong cu..), l ngun nguyn liu quan trng cho cc ngnh cng nghip ch bin thc phm. Bin Vit Nam c ngun mui ln, nguyn liu quan trng ca cng nghip ha cht (nng mui l 3.4%). C th xy dng cc im trng khai thc mui (Thi Bnh, Thanh Ha, Qung Ngi, Qung Nam, B Ra-Vng Tu) Mui Thanh Ha, Ngh An cht lng tt c gi tr cng nghip cao. T mui c th sn xut ra cc loi ha cht nh clo, xt v cc loi dc phm

Nhc im
Tc khai thc thy sn ca nc ta trong 10 nm gn y tng nhanh, song phng tin khai thc cn th s, c cng sut nh nn ch nh bt c cc loi thy sn nh, ven b
Ngun li thy sn gim st nghim trng khng ch do nh bt trc tip m cn do s bin ng v mi trng sng ca sinh vt

D.2- VAN E S HU & A TO CUA TNTN

1. TNTN khong lien quan en be mat mat at: khong at van e s hu 2. TNTN co lien quan - pha tren (at, rng, sinh vat..) -pha di (dau, than, khoang san..)

1. a to TNTN = Doanh thu chi ph khai thac 2. a to chenh lech do: - ieu kien khai thac - chat lng nguon tai nguyen khong ong nhat. 3. a to oc quyen