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TM TT V C 10.11.12
11.
NITO : Z = 7, VA, CK2
3e c thn to lk 3 cng ho tr vi nguyn t
khc.
Lin kt 3 rt bn nn nhit thng Nito tr
v mt ho hc. S oxh c th tng or gim, th hin tnh
oxh-kh, nhng tnh cht ch yu l oxh.
Cc oxit c ch trc tip t N v O : NO, NO2.
Cc oxit khc : N2O, N2O3, N2O5.
15.
-
N2+H2O ; NH4Cl+NaNO2
N2+NaCl
Dd NH3+mui kt ta ; NH3+ax
mui amoni
P+Ca
; NH3+O2
KNO2 + O2 ; (Mg
Au) :
Ag + NO2 + O2
12.
AMONIAC NH3
N v H lk bng lk cng ho tr c cc (t din).
NH3 : kh ko mu, khai, nh hn kk, tan nhiu
trong nc,qu ho xanh, phenolphtalein ho hng.
-
Ca3P2 ; P + O2(thiu)
P2O3 ; P + O2(d)
P2O5 ;
CaCl2+NH3+H2O
CN :Ca3(PO4)2+H2SO4
or : P+O2
-
NH3
NH3+NH4HCO3 ; NH4HCO3
N2O+H2O
14.
AXIT NITRIC HNO3
Ko mu, bc khi trong kk m, km bn, tan v
hn trong nc.
-
P : S+HNO3,c
P2O5 H3PO4
PTN : P+HNO3
H3PO4+NO2+H2O
NH3+H2-
O+CO2
Phn ng ch N2 & N2O trong PTN : NH4NO2
N2+H2O ; NH4NO3
H3PO4+CaSO4
H2SO4+NO2 +H2O ;
(NH2)2CO+H2O
Supephophat:Ca(H2PO4)2+CaSO4n ;
C+HNO3,c CO2+NO2+H2O
Ca(H2PO4)2 kp
Phn ln nung chy l hh photphat va silicat ca
Ud : ch phn m (NH4NO3, Ca(NO3)2) ; thuc Ca v Mg.
n TNT
Phn hn hp (NPK) : nitrophotka
CN : NH3+O2 NO NO2 HNO3
(NH4)2HPO4+KNO3
Phn phc hp : amophot l hh NH4H2PO4+
PTN : NaNO3+H2SO4 HNO3+NaHSO4
(NH4)2HPO4
2
CO2+NO2+H2O ; C+H2
CH4 ; Al+C
Al4C3
Tn ti : vi, phn, hoa (CaCO3) ;
magiezit (MgCO3)
20.
HP CHT CACBON
CO : t tan trong nc, bn vi nhit, ko tc
dng vi nc, axit v kim (t0 thng). c ch t :
HCOOH
or CO2+C CO (CN)
CO2 : t tan trong nc, CO2 rn l nc kh,k
chy, k duy tr s sng. c iu ch t :
CaCO3+HCl(PTN) ; t than (CN)
Axit cacbonic v mui cacbonat(ca Kim v
+
NH4 ) v a s HCO3- d tan trong nc. Cc KLOAI
khc k tan.
Mui CO3- ca Kim khng b nhit phn. Cc
kloai khc d b nhit phn to oxit v CO2
-
Na2CO3+H2O+CO2
21.
SILIC : Z =14, IVA,CK3
Si c s oxh : -4,0,+2,+4. Th hin tnh oxh-kh.
Si v nh hnh hot ng hn Si tinh th. Mt s P :
Si+2F2 SiF4(k thng) ; Si+(Cl,Br,O2)
SiO2 ;
ch : (Mg,Al,C)+SiO2 Si+MgO
SiF4+H2O
26.
IU CH KIM LOI
Ch Au, Platin dng t do. Cn li dng hp
cht.
Pp nhit luyn(kl tr bnh), c sx trong cn. Cht
kh l C,CO,H2,Al.thng c s dng l C.
Pp thu luyn: dng dd thik hp nh H2SO4,
NaOH, NaCN ho tan KL hoc hp cht KL ra khi
qung
27.
KIM LOI KIM V HP CHT
Trng, nh kim, dn in,tnc,s thp nht KL. Klg
ring nh, cng thp v mng lp phng tm
khi,lin kt yu.
Kh mnh,bk ln, in tch hn v nng lng ion
ho nh.
Na+O2(kh)->Na2O2 ; Na+O2(khng kh kh)->Na2O
D td vi nc nn bo qun ta ngm trong
du ho.
Dc: pnc mui clorua or hidroxit.
28.
Na, K, V HP CHT
NaOH(xt) chn rn, k mu, d nc, ht m mnh.
NaOH td vi Oxit axit, axit,mui
NaHCO3 rn, trng, t tan trong nc, d b nhit
phn.
Na2CO3 rn, trng,tan trong nc. dng
Na2CO3.10H2O
KNO3 tinh th, k mu, bn trong kk, tan.
Pt chy thuc sng:KNO3+C+S->N2+CO2+K2S
29.
KIM TH V HP CHT
tnc,s ln hn kim nhng vn thp. Kl kim th c
tsi khc nhau do cu trc mng tinh th khc nhau.
tng t Kim, kim th + PK, AX ko cn k.
Kim th + HNO3,l to N-3 ; Kim th + H2SO4, to H2S.
Ch Be,Mg ko tc dng vi H2O k thng.
CaCO3 rn, trng, ko tan, c trong vi,
hoa
36.