Bi ging thit b u cui vin thng

Chng I

MY THU THANH
My thu thanh l mt thit b in t hon chnh dng thu nhn sng radio mang thng tin, phc hi li tn hiu thng tin ban u va khuch i n gi tr yu cu v a ra loa. Khi nghin cu v my thu thanh, ngi ta thng n cc thng s k thut sau: nhy : l sc in ng nh nht trn Anten EA my thu lm vic bnh thng. Nhng my thu c cht lng cao thng c nhy EA nm trong khong 0,5 V 10 V. Ngoi ra my thu cn phi c kh nng chn lc v nn tp m, tc l m bo t s S/N mc cho php. Thng thng th thu tt th bin tn hiu phi ln hn tp m t nht 10 ln ( tc 20 dB). chn lc: l kh nng chn lc cc tn hiu cn thu v tn hiu cn loi b cng nh cc tp m tc ng vo Anten. chn lc thng c thc hin bng nhng mch cng hng, ph thuc vo s lng, cht lng cng nh chnh xc khi hiu chnh. Di tn ca my thu: l khong tn s m my thu c th iu chnh thu c cc sng pht thanh vi cc ch tiu k thut yu cu. My thu thanh thng c cc di sng sau: + Sng di: LW 150KHz 408KHz + Sng trung: MW: 525KHZ 1605KH + Sng ngn: SW: 4MHz 24MHz Bng sng ngn thng c chia lm 3 loi sng SW1: 3,95MHz 7,95MHz SW2: 8MHz 16MHz SW3: 16MHz 24MHz + Sng cc ngn: v FM: 65,8 73MHz 087,5 104 Mhz

Mo tn s: l kh nng khuch i nhng tn s khc nhau s khc nhau do trong s my thu c cc phn t L, C. Mo tn s c th nh gi bng c tuyn tn s. cc my thu iu bin AM th di tn m thanh ch vo khong

Th.S Trn Vit Thng, ch bin; Ths. V nh Tng

Bi ging thit b u cui vin thng

40Hz 6KHz; cn vi my thu iu tn FM th di tn m thanh c th t 30Hz 15KHz. Ngoi ra ngi ta cn quan tm n cc thng s khc nh mo phi tuyn v cng sut ra ca my thu thanh. I. PHN LOI MY THU THANH V S KHI CA MY THU THANH Cn c vo cu trc s m ngi ta chia my thu thanh thnh 2 loi: My thu thanh khuch i thng : tn hiu cao tn t Anten c khuch i thng v a n mch tch sng, mch khuch i m tn m khng qua mch i tn. i vi dng ny, cu trc s ca my n gin nhng cht lng thu sng khng cao, chn lc km, khng n nh v kh nng thu khng ng u trn c bng sng. V vy, hin nay loi my thu ny gn nh khng cn c s dng. My thu i tn : tn hiu cao tn c iu ch do Anten thu c c khuch i ln v bin i v mt tn s trung gian khng i gi l trung tn. Trung tn thng c chn thp hn cao tn. Tn hiu trung tn sau khi i qua vi b khuch i trung tn s c a n mch tch sng, mch khuch i m tn v a ra loa. S khi ca mt my thu i tn c dng nh sau:

Mch vo

Mch KCT

Mixer

K trung tn

K m tn

Dao ng ni

Hnh 1.1 S khi my thu i tn

My thu i tn c nhng u im sau: khuch i ng u hn trn c bng sng v tn s trung tn tng i thp v n nh khi tn hiu vo thay i.

Th.S Trn Vit Thng, ch bin; Ths. V nh Tng

Bi ging thit b u cui vin thng

Mch vo lm nhim v chn lc cc tn hiu cn thu v loi tr cc tn hiu khng cn thu cng nh cc nhiu khc nh c mch cng hng, tn s cng hng c iu chnh ng bng tn hiu cn thu f0.

Khuch i cao tn : nhm mc ch khuch i bc u cho tn hiu cao tn thu c t Anten. B i tn: gm mch dao ng ni v mch trn tn. Khi trn 2 tn s dao ng ni fn v tn hiu cn thu f0 ta c tn s trung gian hay cn gi l trung tn, gia tn s dao ng ni v tn s tn hiu cn thu

ftt = f n f = const 0
Khi tn s tn hiu t i pht thay i t f0min f0max th tn s dao ng ni cng phi thay i t fnmin fnmax m bo hiu s gia chng lun l hng s. i vi my thu iu bin ( AM ): ftt = 465KHZ hay 455KHz i vi my thu iu tn ( FM ): ftt = 10,7MHz B khuch i trung tn: c nhim v khuch i tn hiu trung tn n mt gi tr ln a vo mch tch sng. y l mt tn khuch i chn lc, ti l mch cng hng c tn s cng hng ng bng trung tn. Tn tch sng: c nhim v tch tn hiu m tn ra khi tn hiu sng mang cao tn, sau a tn hiu vo mch khuch i m tn. S KHI CA MY THU AM V FM STEREO Hu ht cc my thu thanh hin nay u c 2 chc nng: thu sng iu bin AM v thu sng cc ngn FM Stereo. S khi ca my thu c dng nh sau:
Knh AM Mch vo Mch KCT Mch i tn K trung tn Mch vo Mch KCT Mch i tn Tch sng AM Tch sng FM Gii m Stereo FM

K m tn

Knh FM Hnh 1.2 S khi my thu AM, FM Stereo

Th.S Trn Vit Thng, ch bin; Ths. V nh Tng

Bi ging thit b u cui vin thng

Trong my thu thanh hai bng sng AM & FM c 2 i tn ring bit, 2 khi khuch i trung tn v m tn c dng chung. Di tn ca b khuch i trung tn FM rng hn v tn s trung tn FM l 10,7M. i vi mch tch sng tn s: thng s dng s tch sng t l v c nhy cao v gim c y bin k sinh. Khi gii m stereo: c nhim v gii m tn hiu tng R+L v hiu R-L t ng ra ca mch tch sng phc hi li tn hiu hai knh ring bit R & L. II.MCH VO: L mch mc gia Anten v tn u tin ca my thu, c nhim v ch yu l nhn tn hiu t Anten, chn lc cc tn hiu cn thu, do vy mch vo thng l mch cng hng. Nhng yu cu c bn i vi mch vo: H s truyn t ln v n nh trn ton bng sng :
KV =

UV EA

UV: in p a n my thu. EA: sut in ng cm ng trn Anten. m bo in chn lc: chn lc tn s ln cn, tn s nh f a = f 0 + 2 ftt , v chn lc tn s lc thng. m bo mo tn s cho php trong di tn s lm vic t fomin fomax. S mch v v p ng tn s II.1) Mch vo ghp in dung:

K0
Cgh(5p-20pF) VCC CX CT R1 Q1

L1 L2
R2

CE

f0 min
Hnh 1.3 S mch ghp ni in dung & p ng tn s

f0 max

to

Th.S Trn Vit Thng, ch bin; Ths. V nh Tng

Bi ging thit b u cui vin thng

Anten c ni vi mch cng hng thng qua in dung ghp Cgh. Mch cng hung l mt khung cng hng LC, gm mt t xoay Cx, mt t tinh chnh CT v mt cun dy L1. Tn s cng hng c iu chnh bng ng bng tn s tn hiu cn thu fo. Qua cun ghp cao tn L1: L2, tn hiu thu c c a n cc Base ca mch khuch i cao tn. Tr s ca in dung ghp Cgh= 5 30pF Nhc im : H s truyn t khng ng u trn c bng sng. II.2) Mch vo ghp in cm vi Anten. S mch v p ng tn s:
VCC R1 Q1

L2 Lgh
R2

K0

L1

CT

CX

f0min

f0max

to

Hnh 1.4 S mch ghp ni in cm & p ng tn s

Tn hiu t Anten qua cun ghp Lgh cm ng qua mch cng hng gm t Cx, CT v cun dy L1. Mch cng hng c iu chnh chn lc ly tn hiu cn thu v cm ng sang cun L2 a n cc Base ca mch khuch i cao tn. H s truyn t ca mch vo dng ny t l vi h s phm cht ca khung cng hng LC. Mun tng nhy ca mch phi tng L1 v gim Lgh, nhng L1cng khng th tng qu ln m phi chn dung ha hai gi tr ny trnh nh hng n tn s cng hng ca mch. Nhc im ca mch ghp in cm l h s truyn dn cng khng ng u trn ton bng sng. Tuy nhin so vi mch ghp in dung th mch ny c chn

Th.S Trn Vit Thng, ch bin; Ths. V nh Tng

Bi ging thit b u cui vin thng

lc cao hn v h s truyn dn cng ng u hn nn c s dng rng ri trong thc t. II.3) Mch ghp hn hp in cm in dung: S mch v p ng tn s :
Cgh

K0
L1
CT CX

L-C
VCC Q1 R1

Lgh

L2

f0min
R2

f0max

to

Hnh 1.5 S mch ghp ni hn hp in cm-in dung

y l dng mch vo s dng ng thi c t Cgh, v in cm Lgh do tn dng c cc u im v b tr c h s truyn t trn ton bng sng cho nn h s truyn t ca ton mch s phng hn i vi cc my thu c nhiu bng sng, khi chuyn bng sng phi thay i c cun cng hng L1C v cun cm ng L2 tng ng. Mt s my thu cht lng cao mch vo cn c thm b lc kh nhiu lt thng, tc l nhiu c tn s ng bng trung tn. III.MCH KHUCH I CAO TN B khuch i cao tn c nhim v khuch i tn hiu iu ch cao tn n mt gi tr nht nh a cho b i tn, cc mch khuch i cao tn thng c mc kiu CE hoc CB. i vi bng sng AM th kiu mc CE l thch hp v tn dng c h s khuch i cao ca dng ghp ny, cn i vi bng sng FM th kiu ghp CB l thch hp hn v c bng thng lm vic rt rng. Tng khuch i cao tn cng c th l tng khuch i khng cng hng vi ti l in tr, in cm hoc R-L hay bin p nhng ph bin hn c vn l ti cng hng ti mt tn s no .
Th.S Trn Vit Thng, ch bin; Ths. V nh Tng

Bi ging thit b u cui vin thng

S mch khuch i cao tn vi ti l in tr:

VCC R1 R2

Vout
Q1

Vin

Hnh 1.6 Mch khuch i cao tn ti in tr

y l b khuch i di rng, c h s khuch i tng i ng u trong mt di rng t vi chc n vi MHz, tuy nhin mch khng c kh nng chn lc tn s. in tr ti R1 thng c s dng trong khong vi k . S mch khuch i cao tn vi ti l cun cm mc ni tip vi in tr R
VCC

i vi dng mch ny th khi tn s tn hiu thu tng th XL s tng theo Z= R+XL tng iu ny s lm tng h s khuch i ca ton mch.

Q1

Hnh 1.7 mch khuch i cao tn vi ti l

cun cm mc ni tip vi in tr R Trong thc t mch khuch i cao tn vi ti cng hng l dng mch c s dng rng ri hn c, mch ny m nhn c nhim v khuch i tn hiu v chn lc tn s. Ti ca mch khuch i cao tn c th l mch cng hng n hoc mch cng hng kp vi tn s cng hng c nh hoc c th iu chnh c.
Th.S Trn Vit Thng, ch bin; Ths. V nh Tng

Bi ging thit b u cui vin thng

Xem s mch khuch i cao tn vi ti l mch cng hng n:

CX1 C3

L2
Uout

C2 Q1

L1
VCC

f0

Hnh 1.8 mch khuch i cao tn vi ti l mch cng hng n

Ti ca mch l khung cng hng L1C, cc C ca transistor c mc vo mt phn ca cun L1. Ti tn s cng hng fo, h s khuch i ca mch l ln nht, khi lch ra khi tn s cng hng h s khuch i ca mch gim nhanh chng, v vy mch c tnh chn lc vi tn s tn hiu cn thu v loi b cc tn hiu tn s khc v nhiu. B khuch i cao tn lm vic mt di tn rng nn kh m bo c h s khuch i ng u, cho nn trong cc my thu cht lng cao thng dng mch khuch i cao tn c mch cng hng iu chnh lin tc, tn s cng hng c iu chnh ng b vi tn s tn hiu cn thu mch vo nh t xoay ng trc.

K2 CT1

1
K1

2
CT2

Kiem tra lai K3

-E

bng sng 1, cc chuyn mch K1, K2, K3 u v tr 1, bng sng 2 cc chuyn mch ny s c ni v tr 2. IV.MCH I TN
Th.S Trn Vit Thng, ch bin; Ths. V nh Tng

Bi ging thit b u cui vin thng

Mch i tn l mch bin i tn hiu cao tn iu ch thnh cc tn hiu c tn s thp hn v khng i gi l trung tn. Dng ca tn hiu iu ch sau khi i tn khng thay i m ch thay i tn s sng mang. Mch i tn gm 2 phn: Mch to dao ng ni v mch i tn ( trn tn ). Xem s sau:

f0 +

Mixer fn

ftt

Hnh 1.9 Tn hiu trc v sau trn tn

Ngi ta chng minh rng nu trn 2 tn hiu c tn s khc nhau l f1 v f2 trn mt phn t phi tuyn th s nhn c u ra ngoi thnh phn f1, f2 cn xut hin cc thnh phn tng f1+f2 v hiu f1-f2. Nu dng mch lc cng hng ta d dng nhn c tn hiu c tn s hiu f1-f2, v tn s hiu ny cng chnh l trung tn. tn hiu trung tn c tn s c nh khi tn hiu thu t Anten c tn s fo bin i th tn s dao ng ni cng phi thay i tng ng, trong my thu thanh ngi ta gii quyt vn ny bng cch s dng cc t xoay ng trc mch vo v mch dao ng ni. my thu AM, ftt = 465KHz hoc 455KHz v ngi ta thng chn fn > f0 ng bng 1 trung tn. Ngc li my thu FM do tn s sng mang cao nn ngi ta thng chn fn < f0 ng bng 10,7 MHz = ftt FM C 2 dng mch i tn thng dng: dng dng 1 transistor va lm nhim v to dao ng ni va lm nhim v trn tn, dng th 2 l dng 2 transistor ring bit lm 2 nhim v trn. Trong hu ht cc s mch, mch dao ng ni thng dng l khung cng hng LC. Tn s dao ng ni c xc nh theo cng thc:
fn =

1 2 LC

Hz v thay i tn s ny ngi ta thng thay i t C

Th.S Trn Vit Thng, ch bin; Ths. V nh Tng

Bi ging thit b u cui vin thng

10
VCC

Xem s mch in:

L5
Lgh

Vout

R1

L3 T1

CX

CT

C2 L4 CT CX

L1

L2
C1

R2

R2

Hnh 1.10 Mch trn tn

Trong s trn T1 va lm nhim v dao ng va lm nhim v trn tn. in p tn hiu c a vo cc B, in p dao ng ni c a vo cc E Khi to dao ng th C1 c xem nh ni mass cho cc B, mch tr thnh ghp BC v thnh phn quyt nh dao ng l khung L4C2, tn hiu dao ng ni c a n cc E bng t C2, y chnh l thnh phn hi tip dng trn vi tn hiu cn thu. Khi lm nhim v trn tn th C2 v L4 xem nh ni mass cho E v T1 l mch ghp CE. Tn hiu trn tn c a vo cc B v ly ra t cun cm ng trn khung cng hng t cc C. Nhc im ca mch ny l n nh km do transistor m nhn cng lc 2 nhim v dao ng v trn tn.

Th.S Trn Vit Thng, ch bin; Ths. V nh Tng

Bi ging thit b u cui vin thng

11

Mch i tn dng 2 transistor:

VCC

R1 C3 T1 R2

L6

L7

C1

C2

L1

L2

VCC

L4 C7 L3

C8

T2

0
L5

VCC

Hnh 1.11 Mch i tn dng 2 transistor

Trong s mch trn T1 ng vai tr mch trn tn, T2 ng vai tr mch dao ng ni, tn s dao ng ni c quyt nh bi L4, C7 v C8 Hot ng ca mch nh sau: tn hiu cao tn t khung CL1 cm ng qua L2 kt hp vi tn hiu t mch dao ng ni cm ng trn cun L3, c t vo cc B ca T1. T1 thc hin vic trn ln 2 tn hiu v khuch i chn lc lc ly tn hiu trung tn nh khung cng hng CL6 mc cc C ca T1. Tn hiu trung tn ny c cm ng qua L7 i n cc tng tip theo. Vic phn cc ( chn gi tr cho R1, R2 ) l rt quan trng v n nh hng n kh nng trn tn v khuch i ca mch. Trong cc my thu hin i, thng ngi ta dng 1 IC thc hin cc chc nng: khuch i cao tn, to dao ng ni, trn v i tn. Xem mch sau ( p dng thu sng FM )

Th.S Trn Vit Thng, ch bin; Ths. V nh Tng

Bi ging thit b u cui vin thng

VCC VCC C5 L3 C4

12

1 7 3
C3

10

12 CA3005

9 11 8

L4

L5

L1

C1

L2

C2

VCC

Hnh 1.12 Mch i tn dng IC

Tn hiu thu c t Anten qua mch ghp a vo chn 10 ca IC khuch i v trn tn. Chn 10 IC c mc vi khung L2C2 to dao ng ni cung cp cho mch trn tn ti ng vo chn 1 nh t C4. L3 v C5 l mch cng hng ni tip chn lc tn hiu trung tn. V. MCH KHUCH I TRUNG TN Khi khuch i trung tn l mt mch khuch i cng hng c nhim v khuch i tn hiu trung tn n mt gi tr ln a vo mch tch sng, b khuch i trung tn quyt nh phn ln chn lc v nhy ca my thu. Nu dng transistor ri, khi trung tn c th gm 1, 2 hoc 3 tng khuch i ghp, cn nu dng IC th mch khuch i trung tn thng c tch hp chung vi mch tch sng.

Th.S Trn Vit Thng, ch bin; Ths. V nh Tng

Bi ging thit b u cui vin thng

13

Xem s mch khuch i trung tn cng hng n:

VCC C3

C4

L2 L3
Q1 VCC R1

L1
C1

R3 C2

R2

ftt

Hnh 1.13 Mch khuch i trung tn

C4L2: khung cng hng ti tn s trung tn R1R2: phn cc cho mch khuch i trung tn R3: in tr n nh nhit v ng vai tr mch hi tip dng ni tip C2: t thot cao tn ( loi b hi tip p ni tip ) T C3: hi tip p song song n nh tn hiu ra Mch c h s khuch i rt ln ti tn s trung tn, ti cc tn s khc h s khuch i gim nhanh chng. u im: h s khuch i kh ln, chn lc cao Nhc im: Di thng hp, trung thc km Mun tng nhy ca my thu thng ngi ta chn phng php tng khuch i ca mch khuch i trung tn, tuy nhin trong mch trn, khi tng h s khuch i hin tng t kch. V vy ngi ta thng mc thm t C3 to mch hi tip m p song song cho mch

Th.S Trn Vit Thng, ch bin; Ths. V nh Tng

Bi ging thit b u cui vin thng

14

Mch khuch i cng hung kp:

VCC

Vout

Q1

Vin

R3 C2 C1

ftt

Hnh 1.14 Mch khuch i trung tn cng hng kp

Nguyn tc hot ng tng t nh mch cng hng n, nhng trong mch ny s dng b ghp hai khung cng hng ti cc tn s ln cn tri v phi ca tn s trung tn. Kt qu ta c c tuyn ca mch nh hnh trn, iu ny ci thin c khuyt im bng tn hp ca mch cng hung n. Mch khuch i trung tn s dng mch cng hng c tham s tp trung ( hay b lc tp trung )
VCC VCC

L1 yellow

C1

L2 white

C2

C3 L3 red

Q1

K/D cong huong

Hnh 1.15 mch khuch i trung tn tham s tp trung

Hin nay trong mt s s my hin i ngi ta cn dng b lc gm p in, c kch thc nh, h s phm cht cao. B lc dng ny hot ng da trn nguyn l p in.

Th.S Trn Vit Thng, ch bin; Ths. V nh Tng

Bi ging thit b u cui vin thng

15

In

Out

Hnh 1.15 B lc theo nguyn l p in

Khi t vo ng vo In 1 in p c tn s ng bng tn s dao ng ring ca tinh th thch anh s to ra c 1 dao ng c hc trn tinh th ny vi tn s dao ng ng bng tn s dao ng ca n. Ti u cui ca tinh th ny ngi ta p mt in cc vo to ra tn hiu in c bin ln v tn s la chn. VI. MCH TCH SNG 1. Tch sng bin Mch tch sng bin thng s dng l mch tch sng diode. Nu diode mc ni tip vi in tr ti gi l tch sng diode, nu diode mc song song vi in tr ti gi l tch sng song song. Mch tch sng song song c dng trong trng hp cn ngn thnh phn mt chiu vi trung tn. Tuy nhin, trong thc t ngi ta hay dng mch tch sng ni tip.
D1

VR

Tang khuech dai

Hnh 1.16 mch tch sng ni tip

Nguyn l hot ng ca mch: diode D1 v t C trong mch ng vai tr mch chnh lu cao tn c tc dng chnh lu v lc thnh phn tn hiu trung tn v gi li thnh phn tn hiu m tn. Do mch tch sng ch hot ng tn s trung tn nn vic chn loi diode v gi tr t C phi ph hp. Trong thc t C = 5 20nF; R = 5 10 K. Diode tch sng phi s dng loi chuyn dng. Trong mt s my thu ngi ta cn s dng mch tch sng dng transistor. Thng thng trong cc mch ny, transistor c phn cc ch khuch i yu.
Th.S Trn Vit Thng, ch bin; Ths. V nh Tng

Bi ging thit b u cui vin thng

16

Dng mch nh sau:

VCC

T1

L2

E+

C3

L1

Hnh 1.17 Mch tch sng dng Transistor

Tn hiu trung tn cm ng trn cun L2 c a n cc B ca T1 khuch i. Tn hiu sau khi khuch i c lc bi t C3, ch gi li thnh phn tn hiu m tn ly ra nh bin tr ti a n mch khuch i m tn. 2. Mch tch sng tn hiu iu tn : Mch s dng ph bin l mch tch sng t l ( FM radio detector ). Dng mch nh sau:
U1'
D1 C4 C3 D2 C5 R4 R2 R1 C6

L2

R3

Vc

L1

-U1' L3

U0
C2

C1

den K/D am tan

Hnh 1.18 Mch tch sng iu tn t l

Tn hiu iu tn cm bin trn cun L2 to ra hai in p bng nhau nhng ngc pha 1800 ( U1* v - U1* ). Hai diode D1, D2 mc ngc chiu np cho t C6 mt in p khng i.

Th.S Trn Vit Thng, ch bin; Ths. V nh Tng

Bi ging thit b u cui vin thng

17

T in C4 = C5 ; in tr R1 = R2. in p ti im gia cun dy L2 ng bng in p tn hiu trung tn Utt nh t ghp C2, do vy in p t trn hai u D1 v D2 c gi tr ln lt l :
U tt + U1 v U tt U1

Hai thnh phn in p ny c tch sng bin nh diode D1, C4, R1 v D2, C5, R2. Khi tn s thay i in p trn C4 v C5 thay i lm cho in p ra thay i theo, nh tn hiu m tn c hi phc. VII. MCH T NG IU CHNH H S KHUCH I Do nhiu nguyn nhn m tn hiu do my thu thu c c th khng ng u nhau, lc mnh, lc yu iu dn n m lng thay i lc to, lc nh. hn ch iu ny v gi cho m lng my thu n nh khi tn hiu vo thay i trong mt phm vi rng, thng thng trong cc my thu thanh c thit k thm mch t ng iu chnh h s khuch i cho cc tn khuch i cao tn v trung tn. Khi tn hiu thu yu, h s khuch i cc tng tng ln v khi tn hiu thu tng ln th h s khuch i ca cc tng ny gim i. Xem mch sau:
VCC D1

L2

VCC R1

T1

Rf

L1

R2

Hnh 1.19 Mch t ng iu chnh h s K/ trung tn

Trn y l s mch t ng iu chnh h s khuch i cho mt tng khuch i trung tn. Trong R1, R2 l mch phn cc ban u cho tng khuch i T1. Khi tn hiu thu ln, in p ng ra mch tch sng D1 m mnh, thnh phn in p ny c hi tip mt phn v phn cc li cho T1 nh in tr hi tip Rf, iu ny lm T1 dn yu do gim khuch i ca mch.

Th.S Trn Vit Thng, ch bin; Ths. V nh Tng

Bi ging thit b u cui vin thng

18

Khi tn hiu thu nh, in p sau mch tch sng D1 t m hn, iu ny lm tng in p phn cc T1 v lm tng h s khuch i ca mch. Cu trc ca dng mch trn n gin nhng mc phi mt nhc im ln l lm thay i im lm vic tnh ca T1 cho nn d dn n hin tng mo dng tn hiu. ci thin nhc im ny, trong thc t ngi ta s dng mch phn dng bng diode. Xem mch sau:
VCC

Q1

A
C1

E+
C Tu mach DET

L1

Hnh 1.20 Mch phn dng dng diode

Transistor Q1 l tng khuch i trung tn u tin sau b i tn. Diode D c mc gia im A v B lm nhim v phn dng. Khi cha c tn hiu, mch c iu chnh sao cho in th ti im B dng hn im A, diode phn cc ngc, xem nh h mch. Mch cng hng L1, C1 hot ng bnh thng. Khi tn hiu vo ln, in p ti C t tng tch sng hi tip v lm transistor Q1 dn yu, dng in IC gim, ko theo in p ti B gim, lc ny in p ti A li ln do diode phn cc thun, im A xem nh ni tt vi im B lm tn hiu vo gim nhanh chng. iu ny lm gim ng k tn hiu ra ca mch. VIII. MY THU FM STEREO Nguyn tc iu ch tn hiu FM hai knh L, R Vit Nam nh sau: Trc tin, tn hiu L v R c a vo khi mch ma trn to thnh tn hiu tng L+R v tn hiu L-R. Tn hiu L+R c a n b trn ngang qua mt dy tr. Tn hiu L-R c a n mch iu bin cn bng s dng tn s sng mang ph 38Khz. Ri a n b trn tn hiu trn ln vi tn hiu L+R c lm tr.

Th.S Trn Vit Thng, ch bin; Ths. V nh Tng

Bi ging thit b u cui vin thng

19

V mch iu ch cn bng trit tiu tn s sng mang ph 38KHz nn ta phi m rng thm tn hiu sng mang chnh ( tn hiu li) 19KHz vo b trn v a ra tng khuch i pht FM.

L R

Ma trn

Delay

Mch cng

My pht FM

iu bin cn bng

19KHz

L+R L-R L-R

38KHz Nhn tn
Hnh 1.21 S khi my pht FM Stereo

19Khz 38Khz 54

Do cu trc ca my pht FM Stereo c dng nh trn, nn s khi ca my thu FM Stereo c dng.

IF Tch sng FM LPF L+R Matrn 0-16K L-R Tch 19KHz BBF 22-54K Tch sng bin 38KHz So pha VCO 76K Chia tn 2R 2L

Chia tn

Hnh 1.22 S khi my thu Stereo

Sau mch tch sng FM ta nhn c 3 tn hiu: tn hiu L+R c tch ra nh LPF; tn hiu R-L c iu bin ti tn s 38KH v tn hiu li 19KHz. phc hi tn hiu L R ngi ta s dng b dao ng VCO c iu khin bi sng mang 19KHz dao ng to ra bi VCO ( 76KHz) c chia i a n mch tch sng
Th.S Trn Vit Thng, ch bin; Ths. V nh Tng

Bi ging thit b u cui vin thng

20

bin hi phc tn hiu L R. Tn hiu L + R v L R c a vo khi ma trn to tn hiu 2L, 2R.

Th.S Trn Vit Thng, ch bin; Ths. V nh Tng