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Ha 10
Chng 2
CHNG 2
BNG TUN HON CC NGUYN T HA HC
NH LUT TUN HON
I.T Lun:
cu 1. Nguyn t A, B c mc nng lng ngoi cng ln lt l 3p5 v 4s2
a. Da vo cu hnh electron nguyn t xc nh v tr, tnh cht c bn ca nguyn t A, B
b. Vit cu hnh electron ca ion tng ng ca A, B
cu 2. Nguyn t X, Y cng 1 nhm thuc chu k nh lin tip trong BTH c tng in tch
ht nhn l 18
a. Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t X, Y. Xc nh v tr ca X,Y trong BTH
b. Vit cng thc oxit cao nht, hidroxit tng ng ca X,Y
cu 3. Hai nguyn t X, Y thuc 2 chu k lin tip nhau trong cng 1 nhm A c tng s ht
proton l 56.
a. Xc nh X, Y
b. Ha tan 20,2 g hn hp X,Y vo H2O c 4,48 lt H2 (ktc). Tnh %mX v %mY trong hh
cu 4. Cho 20,55g kim loi X nhm IIA tan hon ton trong 108ml nc thu c 3,36 lt
kh (ktc) v dd B.
a. Xc nh X
b. Tnh C% ca dd B
c. Cn ly bao nhiu g ddB v bao nhiu gam H2O pha thnh 500g dd mi c nng 5%
cu 5.Cho 10,4g hai kim loi X,Y 2 chu k lin tip thuc nhm IIA tc dng vi 490,2 g dd
HCl c 6,72 lt kh (ktc) v dd A
a. Xc nh X, Y v %m mi kim loi
b. Tnh C% cc cht trong dung dch A, bit HCl d 20% so vi phn ng
cu 6: Cho 6,2g hn hp 2 kim loi kim thuc 2 chu k lin tip tc dng vi H2O thu c
2,24 lt kh (ktc).
a. Xc nh 2 kim loi kim
b. Tnh khi lng 2 hidroxit thu c
c. Tnh V dung dch H2SO4 1M cn trung ha ht 2 hidroxit ny.
cu 7: Xc nh v tr ( STT, nhm, chu k) cc nguyn t c cu hnh e lp ngoi cng:
a. 3s23p5
b. 3d104s2
c. 4s24p3
cu 8: Nguyn t R c tng s ht trong nguyn t l 28, bit R c 7e lp ngoi cng.
Xc nh v tr ca R, tn R. cho bit R l nguyn t KL, PK hay KH?
cu 9: Nguyn t X c Z = 47.
a. Vit cu hnh electron, xc nh v tr ca X trong BTH
b. Cho bit X c tnh cht ha hc c bn g?
c. X c th to thnh cation hay anion? Vit cu hnh electron ca ion ny?
cu10: Hai nguyn t A,B lin tip nhau trong cng 1 chu k c tng s ht proton l 27.
a. Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t A,B. Cho bit v tr ca A, B trong BTH.
b. Vit cng thc oxit cao nht , hidroxit tng ng ca A,B v so snh tnh cht ha hc
ca chng.
cu 11: Hai nguyn t X,Y cng 1 nhm A v thuc 2 chu k lin tip trong BTH c tng s
proton l 32.
a. Xc nh s hiu nguyn t ca X, Y. tn ca X, Y?
b. Ha tan ht 4,4 gam hn hp X, Y vo dung dch HCl va , thu c 3,36 lt kh H2
(ktc). Tnh khi lng mui khan thu c
cu 12: Ha tan 1,8 gam mui sunfat ca kim loi R nhm IIA vo H2O ri pha long thnh
50ml dung dch B. phn ng ht vi 50ml dd B cn 200ml dd BaCl2 0,75M.
a. Xc nh kim loi R, cho bit v tr ca R trong BTH
b. Tnh nng mol ca dd B.
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Ha 10
Chng 2
cu 13: Cho 11,2 gam hn hp 2 kim loi kim A,B 2 chu k lin tip trong BTH vo 200ml
H2O thu c 4,48 lt kh ( ktc) v dung dch X.
a. Xc nh A,B
b. Tnh C % cc cht c trong dd X.
c. trung ha dd X trn cn dng bao nhiu ml dd H2SO4 1M ?
cu 14 :Cho m gam kim loi R nhm IIA tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HCl, thu c
125 gam dung dch X trong mui c nng 30,4% v 0,8 gam H2.
a. Xc nh kim loi R, tnh gi tr m ?
b. Tnh khi lng dd HCl ?
cu 15:Nguyn t R c ha tr 5 trong oxit cao nht, R chim 91,176% khi lng trong hp
cht kh vi hidro. Xc nh R. Vit cng thc oxit cao nht v cng thc hidroxit tng ng
cu 16: Nguyn t R nhm VIIA, oxit cao nht ca R c M = 183.
a. Xc inh R
b. Cho 6,72 lt kh R (ktc) tc dng ht vi Al. Tnh khi lng mui v s phn t mui
thu c
c. Tnh t khi ca R i vi khng kh?
cu 17: Nguyn t R l kim loi kim , hidroxit ca R chim 57,5% khi lng R.
a. Xc nh R. Cho bit v tr ca R trong BTH
b. Tnh th tch dd H2SO4 0,5M cn trung ha ht 120 gam dung dch ROH 10% trn?
cu 18: R c cng thc oxit R2Oy trong oxi chim 47,06% khi lng. Bit phn t khi
ca R2Oy l 102.
a. Xc nh R, v tr ca R trong BTH.
b. Ha tan 3,06 gam oxit ny vo 100ml dd H2SO4 1,5M. Tnh nng mol dd thu c
sau phn ng.
Bi 19: Cho 3,1 gam hn hp 2 kim loi kim hai chu k lin tip tc dng ht vi nc, ta
thu c 1,12 lt kh dktc. Xc nh 2 kim loi v % theo khi lng ca chng trong hh?
Bi 20: Mt s nguyn t c cu hnh e nh sau:
a. 1s22s22p1
b. 1s22s22p6
c. 1s22s22p63s23p5
d. 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s2
e. 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p1
Xc nh v tr ca chng trong bng HTTH. Nguyn t no l kim loi? phi kim? Kh him?
Bi 21: Tng s ht p, n, e ca nguyn t mt nguyn t thuc phn nhm chnh nhm VII l
28.
a. Tnh khi lng nguyn t?
b. Vit cu hnh e?
Bi 23 :
a. Hp cht kh vi H ca mt nguyn t ng vi cng thc RH4. Oxit cao nht ca n cha
53,3%O. Gi tn nguyn t ?
b.Hp cht kh vi H ca mt nguyn t ng vi cng thc RH3. Oxit cao nht ca n cha
25,93%R. Gi tn nguyn t ?
Bi 24:Hp cht ion c to bi cc ion M2+ v X2-. Bit rng trong phn t MX tng s ht
l 84. S n v s p trong ht nhn nguyn t M v X bng nhau. S khi ca X2- ln hn s
khi ca M2+ l 8.
a. Vit cu hnh e ca M2+; X2-; ?
b.Xc nh v tr ca M v X trong bng HTTH?
II.Trc nghim:
cu 1: Nhng c trng no sau y ca n cht, nguyn t cc nguyn t bin i tun
hon theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn?
A. Nhit nng chy, nhit si.
B. T khi.
C. S lp electron.
D. S electron lp ngoi cng.
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Ha 10
Chng 2
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Ha 10
Chng 2
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Ha 10
Chng 2
cu 31: iu kin tiu chun, th tch ca 0,2g hidro l V1 cn th tch ca 3,2g oxi l V2 .
Nhn xt no sau y v tng quan V1 v V2 l ng?
A. V1 >V2
B. V1 =2V2
C. V1 =V2
D. V1 <V2
cu 32: Tnh kh ca cc hidro halogenua HX (X: F, Cl, Br, I) tng dn theo th t no?
A. HF < HCl < HI < HBr
B. HCl < HF < HBr < HI
C. HF < HCl < HBr < HI
D. HI < HBr < HCl < HF
cu 33: Nguyn t ca nguyn t ha hc X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l :
(n-1)d 5 ns1 (trong n 4 ). V tr ca X trong bng tun hon:
A. Chu k n, nhm IB.
B. Chu k n, nhm IA.
C. Chu k n, nhm VIA.
D. Chu k n, nhm VIB.
cu 34: Nguyn t ca nguyn t ha hc X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l :
(n-1)d 5 ns1 ( n 4 ). S electron c thn c trong nguyn t?
A. 1
B. 5
C. 6
D. 4
cu 35: Nguyn t c cu hnh electron ha tr l 3d10 4s1 . Vy trong bng tun hon, v tr ca
X thuc:
A. Chu k 4, nhm IB.
B. Chu k 4, nhm IA.
C. Chu k 4, nhm VIA.
D. Chu k 4, nhm VIB.
cu 36: Ha tan hon ton 0,3g hn hp hai kim lai X v Y hai chu k lin tip ca nhm
IA vo nc th thu 0,224 lt kh hidro ktc. Hai kim lai X v Y ln lt l:
A. Na v K.
B. Li v Na.
C. K v Rb.
D. Rb v Cs
cu 37: Ha tan hon ton 0,6g hn hp hai kim lai X v Y hai chu k lin ip ca nhm
IA vo nc th thu 0,224 lt kh hidro ktc. Hai kim lai X v Y ln lt l:
A. Na v K.
B. Li v Na.
C. K v Rb.
D. Rb v Cs
cu 38: iu khng nh no sau y l sai? Trong mt nhm A ca bng tun hon, theo
chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn nguyn t:
A. m in tng dn.
B. Tnh baz ca cc hidroxit tng dn.
C. Tnh kim loi tng dn.
D. Tnh phi kim gim dn.
cu 39: Hp cht kh vi hidro ca mt nguyn t c cng thc tng qut l RH 4 , oxit cao
nht ca nguyn t ny cha 53,3% oxi v khi lng. Nguyn t l;
A. Cacon
B. Ch
C. Thic
D. Silic
cu 40: Mt oxit ca mt nguyn t nhm VIA trong bng HTTH c t khi so vi metan (
CH ) d X/CH =4 . CTHH ca X l:
A. SO3
B. SeO3
C. SO 2
D. TeO 2
cu 41: Mt nguyn t ha hc X chu k 3, nhm VA. Cu hnh electron c nguyn t X l:
A. 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6
B. 1s 2 2s 2 2p3 3s 2 3p3
C. 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p5
D. 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p3
cu 42: Cho 24,4g hn hp Na 2 CO3 , K 2 CO3 tc dng va vi dung dch BaCl 2 . Sau phn
ng thu c 39,4g kt ta. Lc ,tch kt ta, c cn dung dch thu c m (gam) mui
clorua khan. Vy m c gi tr:
A. 26,6g
B. 27,6g
C. 26,7g
D. 25,6g
cu 43: Ha tan hon ton 10g hn hp hai kim lai u ng trc hidro trong dy hot
ng ha hc trong dung dch HCl d thy to ra 2,24 lt kh H 2 (ktc). C cn dung dch sau
p thu c m(gam) mui khan, gi tr ca m l:
A. 15,1g
B. 16,1g
C. 17,1g
D. 18,1g
cu 44: Ha tan hon ton 5,4g mt kim loi thuc nhm A vo dung dch HCl d thu c
6,72 lt H 2 (ktc). Tm kim loi trn.
A. Al
B. Mg
C. Ca
D. Na
cu 45: Ha tan hon ton 20g hn hp cc kim loi(Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, Al) vo dung dch HCl
d thu c 11,2 lt H 2 (ktc). Tm khi lng mui clorua thu c.
4
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Ha 10
Chng 2
A. 40g
B. 35,5g
C. 55,5g
D. Thiu d kin gii.
cu 46: Ha tan hon ton 20g hn hp cc kim loi(Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, Al) vo dung dch
H 2SO 4 d thu c 11,2 lt H 2 (ktc). Tm khi lng mui clorua thu c.
A. 40g
B. 48g
C. 88g
D. 68g
cu 47: Cho 6,4g hn hp hai kim lai IIA, thuc hai chu k lin tip, tc dng ht vi dung
dch HCl d thu c 4,48 lt kh hidro (ktc). Cc kim lai l:
A. Be v Mg B. Mg v Ca
C. Ca v Sr
D. Sr v Ba
cu 48: Ngi ta dng 14,6g HCl th va ha tan 11,6g hidroxit ca kim loi nhm IIA.
Kim loi l
A. Ba
B. Mg
C. Ca
D. Sr
cu 49: Cho 5,4g mt kim loi tc dng vi Oxi ta thu c 10,2g oxit cao nht c cng thc
M 2O3 . Kim loi l:
A. Al
B. Fe
C. Cr
D. kim loi khc
cu 50: Mt nguyn t c ha tr i vi hidro v ha tr cao nht i oxi bng nhau. Trong
oxit cao nht ca nguyn t y, oxi chim 53,3%. Hy gi tn nguyn t:
A. C
B. N
C. Si
D. S
cu 51:Mt nguyn t X m hp cht vi hidro c cng thc XH 3 . Oxit cao nht ca X cha
43,66% X v khi lng. X l:
A. C
B. N
C. P
D. S
cu 52: ha tan hon ton 7,8g hidroxit ca mt kim loi, cn dng ht 100g dung dch
HCl 10,95%. Xc nh tn kim loi:
A. Fe
B. Mg
C. Ca
D. Al
cu 53: ha tan hon ton 7,2g mt kim loi cn dng 200g dung dch H 2SO 4 14,7%. Xc
nh kim loi:
A. Fe
B. Mg
C. Ca
D. Al
cu 54: Ha tan hon ton 11,2g mt kim loi vo dung dch HCl d thu c 4,48 lt H 2
(ktc). Tn kim loi l:
A. Fe
B. Mg
C. Ca
D. Al
cu 55:Ha tan hon ton 11,2g mt kim loi vo dung dch HCl d thu c 4,48 lt H 2
(ktc). Khi lng mui thu c l:
A. 17,2g
B. 18,3g
C. 25,4g
D. 26,4g
cu 56: Ha tan hon ton 16,3g hn hp Na v K vo 1500ml nc, thy thot ra 5,6 lt H 2
(ktc). % khi lng ca K l:
A. 71,8%
B. 22,2%
C. 47,9%
D. 52,1%
cu 57: Ha tan hon ton 16,3g hn hp Na v K vo 1000ml nc, thy thot ra 5,6 lt H 2
(ktc). C M ca KOH l:
A. 0,2M
B. 0,15M
C. 0,1M
D. 0,3M
cu 58: Ha tan 9,2g mt kim loi trong nc, thu 4,48 lt H 2 (ktc). Tn kim loi l:
A. Na
B. Ba
C. Ca
D. K
cu 59: Ha tan 2,74g mt kim loi trong nc, thu 4,48 lt H 2 (ktc). Tn kim loi l:
A. Na
B. Ba
C. Ca
D. K
cu 60: Ha tan 11,7g mt kim loi trong dung dch HCl, thu 3,36 lt H 2 (ktc). Tn kim loi
l:
A. Na
B. Ba
C. Ca
D. K
cu 61: Ha tan 4,8g mt kim loi trong dung dch HCl, thu 4,48 lt H 2 (ktc). Tn kim loi
l:
A. Mg
B. Ba
C. Ca
D. K
cu 62: Ha tan 5g mt hn hp 2 kim loi kim(thuc 2 chu k lin tip) trong dung dch
HCl, thu 2,24 lt H 2 (ktc). Hai kim loi l:
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Ha 10
Chng 2
A. Li v K
B. Na v K
C. Ca v Mg
D. Li v K
cu 63: Ha tan 7g mt hn hp 2 kim loi IIA(thuc 2 chu k lin tip) trong dung dch HCl,
thu 4,48 lt H 2 (ktc). Hai kim loi l:
A. Be v Mg
B. Be v Ca
C. Ca v Mg
D. Ca v Ba
cu 64: Ha tan 8,4g mt hn hp 2 kim loi IIA(thuc 2 chu k lin tip) trong dung dch
HCl, thu 6,72 lt H 2 (ktc). Hai kim loi l:
A. Be v Mg
B. Be v Ca
C. Ca v Mg
D. Ca v Ba
cu 65: Ha tan 8,4g mt hn hp 2 kim loi IIA(thuc 2 chu k lin tip) trong dung dch
HCl, thu 6,72 lt H 2 (ktc). %s mol 2 kim loi:
A. 75% v 25%
B. 50% v 50%
C. 40% v 60%
D. 20% v 80%
cu 66: ha tan hon ton 7,8g hn hp Mg v Al cn dng 400 ml dung dch HCl 2M.
Nu thay HCl bng H 2SO 4 2M th th tch cn dng l bao nhiu?
A. 400 ml
B. 200 ml
C. 100 ml
D. khng bit c
cu 67: ha tan hon ton 7,8g hn hp Mg v Al cn dng 400 ml dung dch HCl 2M.
khi lng ca Mg l:
A. 1,2g
B. 2,4g
C. 7,2g
D. p s khc
cu 68: ha tan hon ton 7,8g hn hp Mg v Al cn dng 400 ml dung dch HCl 2M.
khi lng mui clorua thu c l:
A. 71,7g
B. 22g
C. 37g
D. 36,2g
cu 69: ha tan hon ton 7,8g hn hp mg v Al cn dng 400 ml dung dch HCl 2M.
Nu thay HCl bng H 2SO 4 2M th khi lng mui sunfat thu c l bao nhiu?
A. 27g
B.84,6g
C. 47g
D. 46,2g
cu 70: Ha tan hon ton 26,8g MgCO3 v CaCO3 vo dung dch HCl d, thot ra 6,72 lt
kh (ktc). Khi lng CaCO3 :
A. 8,4g
B. 16,8g
C. 10g
D. 20g
XO
cu 71: Nguyn t X c cng thc ca oxit cao nht l
2 , trong hp cht kh vi Hidro c
75% khi lng ca X. X l:
A. Si
B. S
C. N
D. C
cu 72: Nguyn t R c cng thc ca oxit cao nht l R 2 O5 , trong hp cht kh vi Hidro c
82,35% khi lng ca R. R l:
A. Si
B. P
C. N
D. C
cu 73: Nguyn t X c cng thc ca oxit cao nht l R 2 O5 , trong hp cht kh vi Hidro c
8,82% khi lng ca H. X l:
A. Si
B. P
C. N
D. C
cu 74: Nguyn t X c cng thc ca hp cht kh vi H l XH 3 , trong oxit cao nht ca X
c 43,66% khi lng ca X. X l:
A. Si
B. P
C. N
D. C
cu 75: Nguyn t ca nguyn t A c 5 electron phn lp p, vy A thuc chu k my:
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
cu 76: Nguyn t ca nguyn t A c 5 electron phn lp p, vy A thuc nhm no:
A.VA
B. VIIA
C. VIIB
D. VIA
cu 77: Nguyn t ca nguyn t A c 7 electron phn lp s, c bao nhiu nguyn t tha
iu kin ca A?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. Khng bit c
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