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B. 10,2 g.
C. 7,2g.
D. 6,9 g.
0,1 mol
0,1
+
3O2 2Fe2O3
0,1
m nFe ban u = 8,4/56 = 0,15 S mol Fe nm trong Fe2O3 l: 0,15 0,1/3 = 0,35/3
nFe2O3 = 0,35/3.2
mX = 0,1/3 . 56 + 0,35/6 . 160 = 11,2 p n A.
Cch gii 3:
Quy hn hp X thnh X gm (Fe; FeO) -> mX = mX = mFe + mFeO
Theo bi ra ta c:
Fe + 6HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O
a
3a
B: 10,2 gam
C:7,2 gam
D:6,9 gam
B: 46,4 gam
C:15,8 gam
D:77,7 gam
B: 30,7 %
C: 20,97 %
D: 37,5 %
B: 140 gam
C:120 gam
D: 100 gam
B: 448ml
C:336ml
D:112ml
B: 2,22 gam
C:2,62 gam
D:2,32 gam
B: 500ml v 22,4 lt
C:50ml v 2,24 lt
D: 50ml v 1,12 lt
B: 0,04 mol
C:0,03 mol
D:0,02 mol
B. 0,7 lt
C. 0,8 lt.
D. Mt kt qu khc.
Tuyt Chiu S 2
Nu nh tuyt chiu s 1 cc bn c tip cn vi mt phng php kh mnh v
gii ton hn hp, th vi tuyt chiu s 2, cc bn s c tip cn mt ngh thut gii
ton rt su sc, gip hc sinh nhm ra kt qu mt cch nhTi nht.
c im ca cc bi ton c gii bng tuyt chiu s 2 l cho mt hn hp gm c
nhiu cht (tng t cc bi tp thuc tuyt chiu s 1) nhng v mt bn cht ch gm 2
hoc 3 nguyn t. V vy, dng tuyt chiu s 2 quy i thng v cc nguyn t tng
ng.
V d 1: cho hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4. Khi ta i thnh 1 hn hp
mi X' ch gm Fe v O.
V d 2: cho hn hp X gm Cu2S, CuS, CuO. Khi ta i thnh 1 hn hp mi X'
ch gm Cu, S, O.
V d 3: cho hn hp X gm CuO, Cu, Cu2O. Khi ta i thnh 1 hn hp mi X'
ch gm Cu v O.
.................
V d minh ha 1: Nung m gam bt st trong oxi, thu c 6 gam hn hp cht rn X.
Ho tan ht hn hp X trong dung dch HNO3 (d), thot ra 1,12 lt ( ktc) NO (l sn
phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 5,04.
Hng dn gii:
B. 4,44.
C. 5,24.
D. 4,64.
Tm tt:
Fe + O2 X (Fe; FeO; Fe2O3; Fe3O4) + dd HNO3 Fe3+ + NO + H2O
m gam
6 gam
1,12 lt
O2-
0,05 mol
Theo nguyn l bo ton nguyn t v bo ton khi lng ta c: Khi lng Fe ban u
lun bng s lng Fe nm trong X'. V vy m = 56x.
Mt khc: 56x + 16y = 6 (I)
Cc qu trnh nhng v nhn e:
Fe - 3e Fe+3
x 3x
O0 + 2e O-2
y 2y
N+5 + 3e N+2
.
0,15 0,05
B. 208,4.
Hng dn gii:
S ha bng tuyt chiu s 2.
C. 221,9.
D. 231,7.
60,8 x mol
y mol
1,8 mol
x mol
y mol
x mol
y mol
5,4 1,8
B. 29,44.
C. 42,24.
D. 44,8.
Hng dn gii:
S ha bng tuyt chiu s 2.
Ta c th quy i hn hp X thnh hn hp X' gm Cu v O vi s mol ln lt l x, y.
Cu + O2 X' ( Cu;
O ) + H2SO4 .n Cu2+ +
S+4 + O2-
m(g)
49,6
x mol y mol
x mol
0,4
y mol
0,8 0,4
B. 14,72.
C. 21,12.
D. 22,4
Cu 2: Ho tan hon ton 30,4 gam cht rn X gm Cu, CuS, Cu2S v S bng HNO3 d,
thot ra 20,16 lt kh NO duy nht (ktc) v dung dch Y. Thm Ba(OH)2 d vo Y thu
c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 81,55.
B. 104,2.
C. 110,95.
D. 115,85.
B. 18,96 gam.
C. 19,32 gam.
D. 20,4 gam.
Cu 4: Cho 9,12 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d).
Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, c dung dch Y; c cn Y thu c 7,62 gam
FeCl2 v m gam FeCl3. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 4,875.
nhau. Khi y, ta c th thay i vai tr oxi ha ca cht oxi ha ny cho cht oxi
ha kia bi ton tr nn n gin hn.
S ca chiu thc:
Cht kh X + Cht oxi ha 1 Sn phm trung gian + Cht oxi ha 2 Sn
phm cui.
Ta i cht oxi ha 2 bng cht oxi ha 1.
* C s ca tuyt chiu s 3 l:
S mol electron cht oxi ha c nhn = s mol electron cht oxi ha mi nhn
Do s thay i tc nhn oxi ha nn c s thay i sn phm sao cho ph hp.
V d minh ha 1: Nung m gam bt st trong oxi, thu c 12 gam hn hp
cht rn X. Ho tan ht hn hp X trong dung dch HNO3 (d), thot ra 2,24 lt (
ktc) NO (l sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 10,08.
B. 8,88.
C. 10,48.
D. 9,28.
Hng dn gii:
Tm tt:
Fe + O2 X (Fe; FeO; Fe2O3; Fe3O4) + dd HNO3 Fe3+ + NO + H2O
m gam
12 gam
2,24 lt
+ O2 X + O2 Fe2O3.
m gam
2 a (mol)
0,1
O + 2e O-2.
y 2y
Do s mol electron cht oxi ha c nhn = s mol electron cht oxi ha mi nhn
nn 2y = 0,3 y = 0,15.
Mt khc, khi lng Fe2O3 = mX + mO = 12 + 0,15 . 16 = 14,4.
S mol Fe2O3 = 14,4/160 = 0,09.
Vy s mol Fe nm trong Fe2O3 = 0,09 . 2 = 0,18 m = 0,18 . 56 = 10,08 (g)
p n A.
V d minh ha 2: Nung m gam bt Cu trong oxi thu c 74,4 gam hn hp
cht rn X gm Cu, CuO v Cu2O. Ho tan hon ton X trong H2SO4 c nng
thot ra 13,44 lt SO2 duy nht (ktc). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 28,8.
B. 44,16.
C. 42,24.
D. 67,2.
Hng dn gii:
S ha bng tuyt chiu s 3.
Cu + O2 X (Cu; CuO; Cu2O) + O2 CuO
m(g)
74,4g
a (mol)
0,6
O + 2e O-2.
y 2y
Do s mol electron cht oxi ha c nhn = s mol electron cht oxi ha mi nhn
nn 2y = 1,2 y = 0,6.
Mt khc, khi lng CuO = mX + mO = 74,4 + 0,6 . 16 = 84.
S mol CuO = 84/80 = 1,05.
mCu = 1,05 . 64 = 67,2(g) p n D.
Tuyt Chiu S 4 (Tuyt Chiu 3 Dng)
12 gam
x mol
0,1mol
x mol
Bi 7: Ho tan hon ton 2,43 gam kim loi A va vo Z ml dung dch HNO3
0,6M c dung dch B c cha A (NO3)3 ng thi to ra 672 ml hn hp kh
N2O v N2 c t khi hi so vi O2 l 1,125.
1. Xc nh kim loi A v tnh gi tr ca Z
2. Cho vo dung dch B 300ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Sau khi phn ng song lc
ly kt ta, ra sch, un nng n khi lng khng i c mt cht rn.
Tnh khi lng ca mt cht rn . Cc V o ktc
Bi 8: Cho a gam hn hp A gm 3 oxit FeO, CuO, Fe3O4 c s mol bng nhau
tc dng hon ton vi lng va 250ml dung dch HNO3 khi un nng nh
thu c dung dch B v 3,136 lt (ktc) hn hp kh C gm NO2 v NO c t
khi so vi H2 l 20,143. Tnh a v nng mol ca dung dch HNO3 dng.
Bi 9: Cho mt hn hp gm 2,8 gam Fe v 0,81 gam Al vo 200 ml dung dch
C cha AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2. Khi cc phn ng kt thc c dung dch D v
8,12g cht rn E gm ba kim loi. Cho E tc dng vi dung dch HCl d c
0,672 lt H2 (kc). Tnh nng mol ca Ag(NO3)2 trong dung dch C
Bi 10: t chy x mol Fe bi oxi thu c 5,04g hn hp A gm cc oxt st.
Ho tan hon ton A trong HNO3 thu c 0,035 mol hn hp Y gm NO v
NO2.T khi hi ca Y i vi H2 l 19. Tnh x.
Bi 11: Nung nng 16,8g bt st ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian thu c m
gam hn hp X gm oxt st. Ho tan ht hn hp X bng H2SO4 c nng thu
c 5,6 lt SO2 (kc).
a) Vit tt c phn ng xy ra)
b) Tm m.
c) Nu ho tan ht X bng HNO3 c nng th th tch NO2 (kc) thu c l bao
nhiu?
Bi 12: Nung nng m gam bt st ngoi khng kh. Sau mt thi gian thu c
10g hn hp (X) gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4.Ho tan ht (X) bng HNO3 thu
c 2,8 lt (kc) hn hp Y gm NO v NO2. cho dY/H2 = 19. Tnh m ?
Bi 13: Cho mt lung CO i qua ng s ng m gam Fe2O3 nung nng mt thi
gian, thu c 13,92 gam cht rn X gm Fe, Fe3O4, FeO v Fe2O3. Ho tan ht
X bng HNO3 c nng thu c 5,824 lt NO2 (kc). Tnh m?
Bi 14 Cho mt lung kh CO i qua ng s ng m gam Fe2O3 nung nng. Sau
mt thi gian thu c hn hp X nng 44,64g gm Fe3O4, FeO, Fe v Fe2O3
d. Ho tan ht X bng HNO3 long thu c 3,136 lt NO (kc). Tnh m ?
= A2+
2e
0,02mol 0,04mol
B
= B3+
3e
0,03mol 0,09mol
Nhn
NO3- + 3e + 4H+ = NO + 2H2O
3a
4a
10b
3x
Y - 2e = Y2+
2x
4x
Z - e = Z+
3x 3x
Nhn
NO3- + 3e + 4H+ = NO + 2H2O
3a
4a
3a + b = 3x + 4x + 3x = 10x (I)
a + b = V / 22,4 (II)
T (I), (II) a = 1/2 (10x - V / 22,4) v b = 1/2 (3V / 22,4 - 10x)
S mol HNO3 = S mol H+ = 4a + 2b = 10x + V / 22,4
y = 63 (10x + V / 22,4) + 25/100 . 63 (10x + V / 22,4) = 78,75 (10x + V / 22,4)
Bi 3: Cho mt hn hp gm 2,8g Fe v 0,81g Al vo 200ml dung dch C cha
AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2. Khi cc phn ng kt thc c dung dch D v 8,12 gam
3e = Al3+
0,03mol 0,09mol
Fe
2e = Fe2+
0,02mol 0,04mol
Nhn
AgNO3 + e = Ag + NO3x
Cu(NO3)2 + 2e = Cu + 2NO3y
2y
a. Tm tn M.
b. Tnh th tch dung dch HNO3 2M dng, bit rng ly d 25% so
vi lng cn thit.
Hng dn gii
a. Ta c: MX = 17,2 2 = 34,4
Hai kh khng mu, khng ho nu ngoi khng kh v tho iu kin M1 < 34,4
< M2 y ch c th l N2 v N2O.
Gi x l s mol M dng v n l ha tr ca M. Gi a, b l s mol N2 v N2O c
trong X, ta c cc qu trnh cho nhn e:
Cho
M - ne = Mn+
x
nx
Nhn
2NO3- + 10e + 12H+ = N2 + 6H2O
10a
12a
10b
x . M = 62,1 (I)
n . x = 10a + 8b (II)
a + b = 16,8/22,4 = 0,75 (III)
(28a + 44b) / 0,75 = 34,4 (IV)
T (I), (II), (III), (IV) :
a = 0,45
b = 0,3
x . M = 62,1
n . x = 6,9
Rt ra M = 9n. Ch c n = 3, ng vi M = 27 l ph hp. Vy M l Al
b. Ta c:
S mol HNO3 = S mol H+ = 12a + 10b = 8,4
Th tch dd HNO3 = 8,4 / 2 + 25/100 . 8,4 / 2 = 5,25 lt
Bi 5: Cho 12,45 gam hn hp X (Al v kim loi M ho tr II) tc dng vi dung
dch HNO3 d c 1,12 lt hn hp N2O v N2, c t khi i vi H2 l 18,8 v
dung dch Y. Cho Y tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d c 0,448 lt NH3. Xc
nh kim loi M v khi lng mi kim loi trong X. Cho nx = 0,25 mol v cc th
tch o kc.
Hng dn gii
Gi a, b l s mol ca Al v M c trong X
Gi c, d, e l s mol N2O, N2 v NH4NO3 c to ra, ta c cc qu trnh cho,
nhn electron.
Cho
Al - 3e = Al3+
a
3a
M - 2e = M2+
b
2b
Nhn
10c
12d
8e
suy ra :
27a + b.M = 12,45
a + b = 0,25
3a + 2b = 8c + 10 d + 8e
c + d = 1,12/ 22,4 = 0,05
(44c + 28d)/ (c + d) = 18,8 . 2 = 37,6
e = 0,448/22,4 = 0,02
a = 0,1
b = 0,15
c = 0,03
d = 0,2
e = 0,02
M = 65 M l Zn
Bi 6: t chy x mol Fe bi oxi thu c 5,04g hn hp A gm cc oxit st.
Ho tan hon ton A trong HNO3 thu c 0,035 mol hn hp Y gm NO v
NO2. T khi hi ca Y i vi H2 l 19. Tnh x.
Hng dn gii
Cn c vo s phn ng:
x mol Fe + O2 Cc oxi st + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + NO2 +
H2O
Ta c cc qu trnh cho nhn electron:
Cho
Fe - 3e = Fe3+
X
3x
Nhn
O2
(5,04 - 56x)/32
4e
2O2-
4(5,04 - 56x)/32
Suy ra:
a + b = 0,035
(30a + 46b) / (a + b) = 19 . 2 = 38
4(5,04 - 56x)/32 + 3a + 3b = 3x
a = 0,0175; b = 0,0175; x = 0,07
Bi 7: m gam phi bo st (A) ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian c hn
hp (B) nng 12g gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4. Ho tan ht B bng HNO3 thy
gii phng 2,24 lt NO (kc) duy nht
a. Vit phng trnh phn ng
b. nh m.
Hng dn gii
a. Cc phn ng xy ra:
2Fe + O2 = 2FeO
3Fe + 2O2 = Fe3O4
4Fe + 3O2 = 2Fe2O3
Fe + 4HNO3 = Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O
3FeO + 10HNO3 = 3Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 5H2O
Fe - 3e = Fe3+
a
3a
Nhn
O2
(12 - 56a)/32
4e
2O2-
4(12 - 56a)/32
0,1 mol
B. 35,2 gam.
C. 70,4 gam.
D. 140,8 gam.
Hng dn gii:
Cc phn ng kh st oxit c th c:
B. 0,15 mol.
C. 0,4 mol.
D. 0,2 mol.
Hng dn gii:
Ta bit rng c 3 loi ancol tch nc iu kin H2SO4 c, 1400C th to
thnh 6 loi ete v tch ra 6 phn t H2O.
Theo LBTKL ta c: mH2O = mru - mete = 132,8 - 111,2 = 21,6 (gam)
nH2O = 21,6/18 = 1,2(mol)
B. 15 gam.
C. 26 gam.
D. 30 gam.
Hng dn gii
M2CO3 + 2HCl 2MCl + CO2 + H2O
RCO3 + 2HCl RCl2 + CO2 + H2O
nCO2 = 4,88/22,4 = 0,2 (mol)
Tng nHCl = 0,4 mol v nH2O = 0,2 mol
p dng LBTKL ta c:
23,8 + 0,4 . 36,5 = mmui + 0,2 44 + 0,2 18
mmui = 26 gam (p n C).
V d 5: Hn hp A gm KClO3; Ca(ClO2)2; Ca(ClO3)2; CaCl2 v KCl nng 83,68
gam. Nhit phn hon ton A, thu c cht rn B gm CaCl2; KCl v 17,472 lt
kh ( ktc). Cho cht rn B tc dng vi 360 ml dung dch K2CO3 0,5M (va )
thu c kt ta C v dung dch D. Khi lng KCl trong dung dch D nhiu gp
22/3 ln lng KCl c trong A. % khi lng KClO3 c trong A l:
A. 47,83%.
B. 56,72%.
C. 54,67%.
D. 58,55%.
Hng dn gii
(p n D).
V d 6: t chy hon ton 1,88 gam cht hu c A (cha C, H, O) cn 1,904
lt O2 (ktc) thu c CO2 v hi nc theo t l th tch 4:3. CTPT ca A l (Bit
t khi ca A so vi khng kh nh hn 7).
A. C8H12O5.
B. C4H8O2.
C. C8H12O3.
D. C6H12O6.
Hng dn gii
1,88 gam A + 0,085 mol O2 4a mol CO2 + 3a mol H2O.
p dng LBTKL, ta c:
mCO2 + mH2O = 1,88 + 0,085 . 32 = 46 (gam)
Ta c: 44 . 4a + 18 . 3a = 46 a = 0,02 mol
Trong cht A c:
nC = 4a = 0,08 (mol)
nH = 3a . 2 = 0,12 (mol)
nO = 4a . 2 + 3a - 0,085 . 2 = 0,05 (mol)
nC : nH : nO = 0,08 : 0,12 : 0,05 = 8 : 12 : 5
Vy cng thc ca cht hu c A l C8H12O5 c MA < 203 gam. (p n A).
V d 7: Cho 0,1 mol este to bi 2 ln axit v ancol mt ln ancol tc dng hon
ton vi NaOH thu c 6,4 gam ancol v mt lng mui c khi lng nhiu
hn lng este l 13,56% (so vi lng este). CTCT ca este l:
A. CH3 - COO - CH3.
B. CH3OCO - COO - CH3.
C. CH3COO - COOCH3.
D. CH3COO - CH2 - COOCH3.
Hng dn gii
R(COOR')2 + 2NaOH R(COONa)2 + 2R'OH
0,1
0,2
0,1
0,2 mol
B. 1,443 lt.
C. 1,344 lt.
D. 0,672 lt.
Hng dn gii
Phn 1: V andehit no n chc nn nCO2 = nH2O = 0,06 mol
nCO2 (phn 1) = nC (phn 2) = 0,06 mol.
Theo nh lut bo ton nguyn t v LBTKL, ta c:
nC (phn 2) = nC (A) = 0,06 mol.
nCO2 (A) = 0,06 mol
Th tch CO2 = 22,4 . 0,06 = 1,344 (lt). (p n C).
V d 10: Cho mt lung kh CO i qua ng s ng 0,04 mol hn hp A gm
FeO v Fe2O3 t nng. Sau khi kt thc th nghim thu c B gm 4 cht nng
4,784 gam. Kh i ra khi ng s cho hp th vo dung dch Ba(OH)2 d th thu
c 9,062 gam kt ta. Phn trm khi lng Fe2O3 trong hn hp A l:
A. 86,96%.
B. 16,04%.
C. 13,04%.
D. 6,01%.
Hng dn gii
0,04 mol hn hp A (FeO v Fe2O3) + CO 4,784 gam hn hp B + CO2
CO2 + Ba(OH)2 d BaCO3 + H2O.
nCO2 = nBaCO3 = 0,046 mol.
v nCO (p.) = nCO2 = 0,046 mol.
p dng LBTKL, ta c:
mA + mCO = mB + mCO2.
mA = 4,784 + 0,046 . 44 - 0,046 . 28 = 5,52 (gam)
t nFeO = x mol, nFe2O3 = y mol trong hn hp B, ta c:
x + y = 0,04
72 x + 160 y = 5,52
x = 0,01 mol v y = 0,03 mol.
%mFeO = 0,01 . 72 / 5,52 . 100% = 13,04%.
%Fe2O3 = 86,96% (p n A).
Bi tp vn dng
Bi 1: Ho tan 9,14 gam hp kim Cu, Mg, Al bng mt lng va dung dch
HCl thu c 7,84 lt kh X (ktc). 2,54 gam cht rn Y v dung dch Z. Lc b
cht rn Y, c cn cn thn dung dch Z thu c khi lng mui khan l:
A. 31,45 gam.
B. 33,99 gam.
C. 19,025 gam.
D. 56,3 gam.
B. 0,08 lt.
C. 0,4 lt.
D. 0,04 lt.
B. 56,1 gam.
C. 65,1 gam.
D. 51,6 gam.
B. 17,1 gam
C. 13,55 gam.
D. 34,2 gam.
B. 8,62%.
C. 50,2%.
D. 62,5%.
Bi 6: Cho 4,4 gam hn hp hai kim loi nhm IA hai chu k lin tip tc dng
vi dung dch HCl d thu c 4,48 lt H2 (ktc) v dung dch cha m gam mui
tan. Tn hai kim loi v khi lng m l:
A. 11 gam; Li v Na.
B. 18,6 gam; Li v Na.
C. 18,6 gam; Na v K.
D. 12,7 gam; Na v K.
Bi 7: t chy hon ton 18 gam FeS2 v cho ton b lng SO2 vo 2 lt dung
dch Ba(OH)2 0,125M. Khi lng mui to thnh l:
A. 57,4 gam.
B. 56,35 gam.
C. 59,17 gam.
D. 58,35 gam.
Bi 8:Ho tan 33,75 gam mt kim loi M trong dung dch HNO3 long , d thu
c 16,8 lt kh X(ktc) gm hai kh khng mu ho nu trong khng kh c t
khi hi so vi hiro bng 17.8.
a. Kim loi l:
A.Cu.
B. Zn.
C. Fe.
D. Al.
B. 3,00 lit
C. 3,35 lt
D. 3.45 lt
B.71,7 gam
C. 17,7 gam
D. 53,1 gam
Bi 10: Ho tan hon ton 2,81 gam hn hp gm Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO trong 500
ml axit H2SO4 0,1 M (va ). Sau phn ng, hn hp mui sunfat khan thu
c khi c cn dung dch c khi lng l
A.6,81 gam
B.4,81 gam
C. 3,81 gam
D. 4.81 gam
p n cc bi tp vn dng:
1. A 2. B
3. B.
4. B. 5. D
Tuyt chiu s 7
Th ba, 19 Thng 5 2009 18:00 Ti quang dung
KIM LOI PHN NG VI MUI
I. PHNG PHP
Dng I: Mt kim loi y mt ion kim loi khc.
iu kin kim loi X y c kim loi Y ra khi dung dch mui ca Y:
- X phi ng trc Y trong dy in ha.
V d: Xt phn ng sau:
Cu + 2Ag+ Cu2+ + 2Ag
Phn ng trn lun xy ra v: Cu c tnh kh mnh hn Ag v Ag+ c tnh oxi
ha mnh hn Cu2+.
Fe + Al3+: Phn ng ny khng xy ra v Fe ng sau Al trong dy in ha.
- Mui ca kim loi Y phi tan trong nc.
Zn + Fe(NO3)3 Zn(NO3)2 + Fe
phn ng ny xy ra v Zn ng trc Fe v mui st nitrat tan tt trong nc.
Al + PbSO4: Phn ng ny khng xy ra v mui ch sunfat khng tan trong
nc.
Ch : Khng c ly cc kim loi kim (Na, K, ...) v kim th (Ca, Sr, Ba)
mc d chng ng trc nhiu kim loi nhng khi cho vo nc th s tc
dng vi nc trc to ra mt baz, sau s thc hin phn ng trao i vi
mui to hiroxit (kt ta).
V d: Cho kali vo dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 th c cc phn ng sau:
K + H2O KOH + 1/2 H2.
Fe2(SO4)3 + 6KOH 2Fe(OH)3 + 3K2SO4
Dng II: Cho mt kim loi X vo dung dch cha hai mui ca hai ion kim loi Yn+
v Zm+.
- n gin trong tnh ton, ta ch xt trng hp X ng trc Y v Z, ngha
l kh c c hai ion Yn+ v Zm+ (Y ng trc Z).
- Do Zm+ c tnh oxi ha mnh hn Yn+ nn X phn ng vi Zm+ trc:
mX + qZm+ mXq+ + qZ (1) (q l ha tr ca X)
Nu sau phn ng (1) cn d X th c phn ng:
nX + qYn+ nXq+ + qY (2)
Vy, cc trng hp xy ra sau khi phn ng kt thc:
+ Nu dung dch cha 3 ion kim loi (Xq+, Yn+ v Zm+) th khng c phn ng (2)
xy ra, tc l kim loi X ht v ion Zm+ cn d.
+ Nu dung dch cha hai ion kim loi (Xq+, Yn+) th phn ng (1) xy ra xong (tc
ht Zm+), phn ng (2) xy ra cha xong (d Yn+), tc l X ht.
+ Nu dung dch ch cha ion kim loi (Xq+) th phn ng (1), (2) xy ra hon
ton, tc l cc ion Yn+ v Zm+ ht, cn X ht hoc d.
Ch :
- Nu bit s mol ban u ca X, Yn+ v Zm+ th ta thc hin th t nh trn.
- Nu bit c th s mol ban u ca Yn+ v Zm+ nhng khng bit s mol ban
u ca X, th:
+ Khi bit khi lng cht rn D (gm cc kim loi kt ta hay d), ta ly hai mc
so snh:
Mc 1: Va xong phn ng (1), cha xy ra phn ng (2). Z kt ta ht, Y cha
kt ta, X tan ht.
mCht rn = mZ = m1
Mc 2: Va xong phn ng (1) v phn ng (2), Y v Z kt ta ht, X tan ht.
mCht rn = mZ + mY = m2
Ta tin hnh so snh khi lng cht rn D vi m1 v m2
Nu mD < m1: Z kt ta mt phn, Y cha kt ta.
Nu m1 < mD < m2 : Z kt ta ht, Y kt ta mt phn
Nu mD > m2 : Y v Z kt ta ht, d X.
+ Khi bit khi lng chung cc oxit kim loi sau khi nung kt ta hidroxit to ra
khi thm NaOH d vo dung dch thu c sau phn ng gia X vi Yn+ v Zm+,
ta c th s dng 1 trong 2 phng php sau:
Phng php 1: Gi s ch c phn ng (1) (Z kt ta ht, X tan ht, Yn+ cha
phn ng) th:
m1 = m cc oxit
Gi s va xong phn ng (1) v (2) (Y v Z kt ta ht, X tan ht) th:
m2 = mcc oxit
xc nh im kt thc phn ng, ta tin hnh so snh mcht rn vi m1, m2 nh:
m2 < mcht rn < m1: Z kt ta ht, Y kt ta mt phn, X tan ht.
mcht rn > m1: Z kt ta mt phn, Y cha kt ta, X tan ht.
Phng php 2: Xt 3 trng hp sau:
D X, ht Yn+ v Zm+.
Ht X, d Yn+ v Zm+.
Ht X, ht Zm+ v d Yn+.
Fe Fe2+ + 2e
2a
(mol)
2b
Cu Cu2+ + 2e
(mol)
2c
1,5x
1,5x
Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu
y
(mol)
(mol)
4z
3Cu
(1,5x + y)
(mol)
+ 8HNO3 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O
8/3(1,5x +y)
(mol)
0,03
0,03
0,09 (mol)
Fe Fe2+ + 2e
0,02
0,04 (mol)
Ag+ + 1e Ag
x
x (mol)
Cu2+ + 2e Cu
y
2y
(mol)
(mol)
Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu
y
(mol)
Ta c phng trnh:
(0,25y . 160) + 0,5(0,17 - x - y) . 80 = 5,2 (3)
Gii h phng trnh (1), (2), (3) ta c:
x = 0,04 (mol) Zn; y = 0,06 (mol) Fe v z = 0,05 mol Cu
T tnh c khi lng ca tng kim loi
Tuyt chiu s 8 (bao toan in tich)
Th su, 22 Thng 5 2009 03:52 Ti quang dung
2. Ap dung va mt s chu y
a) khi lng mui (trong dung dich) = tng khi lng cac ion m
b) Qua trinh ap dung inh lut bao toan in tich thng kt hp:
- Cac phng phap bao toan khac: Bao toan khi lng, bao toan nguyn
t
- Vit phng trinh hoa hoc ang ion thu gon
C. 0,02.
B. 0,035.
D. 0,01.
Hng dn:
Ap dung inh lut bao toan in tich ta co:
0,01x1 + 0,02x2 = 0,015x2 + Xx1 x = 0,02 ap an
Vi Du 2: Dung dich A cha hai cation la Fe2+: 0,1 mol va Al3+ : 0,2 mol va
hai anion la Cl-: x mol va SO42- : y mol. bn c can dung dich A thu c 46,9
gam hn hp mui khan.
Gia tri cua x va y ln lt la:
A. 0,6 va 0,1
C. 0,5 va 0,15
B. 0,3 va 0,2
D. 0,2 va 0,3
Hng dn:
- Ap dung inh lut bao toan in tich ta co:
0,1x2 + 0,2x3 = Xx1 + y x 2 X + 2y = 0,8 (*)
- Khi c can dung dich, khi lng mui = tng khi lng cac ion tao mui
0,1x56 + 0,2x27 + Xx35,5 + Yx 96 = 46,9
35,5X + 96Y = 35,9 (**)
T (*) va (**) X = 0,2 ; Y = 0,3 ap an D
D. 3,12 gam.
Nhn xet: Tng s mol x in tich ion dng (cua 2 kim loai) trong 2 phn la
Bng nhau Tng s mol x in tich ion m trong 2 phn cung bng nhau.
O2 2 ClMt khac: nCl- = nH+ = 2nH2 = 1,792/ 22,4 = 0,08 (mol)
Suy ra: nO (trong oxit) = 0,04 (mol)
Suy ra: Trong mt phn: mKim Loai - m oxi = 2,84 - 0,08.16 = 1,56 gam
Khi lng hn hp X = 2.1,56 = 3,12 gam
ap An D
B. 0,09.
C. 0,135.
D. 0,18.
Hng dn:
- Ap dung bao toan nguyn t:
Fe3+ : x mol ; Cu2+ : 0,09 ; SO42- : ( x + 0,045) mol
- Ap dung inh lut bao toan in tich (trong dung dich chi cha mui sunfat)
Ta co : 3x + 2.0,09 = 2(x + 0,045)
x = 0,09
ap an B
Vi Du 5: Dung dich X co cha 5 ion : Mg2+ , Ba2+ , Ca2+ , 0,1 mol Cl- va
0,2 mol NO3-. Thm dn V lit dung dich K2CO3 1M vao X n khi c lng
Kt tua ln nht thig gia tri ti thiu cn dung la:
A. 150ml.
B. 300 ml.
C. 200ml.
D. 250ml.
Hng dn:
Co th qui i cac ion Mg2+, Ba2+, Ca2+ thanh M2+
M2+ + CO32- MCO3
Khi phan ng kt thuc, phn dung dich cha K+, Cl-, va NO3Ap dung inh lut bao toan toan in tich ta co:
nk+ = nCl- + nNO3- = 0,3 (mol) suy ra: s mol K2CO3 = 0,15 (mol)
suy ra th tich K2CO3 = 0,15/1 = 0,15 (lit) = 150ml
ap an A
B. 0,25 lit.
C. 0,25 lit.
D. 0,52 lit.
Hng dn :
Dung dich X cha cac ion Na+ ; AlO2- ; OH- d (co th). Ap dung inh lut
Bao toan in tich:
n AlO2- + n OH- = n Na+ = 0,5
Khi cho HCl vaof dung dich X:
H+
OH H2O
H+
3H+ +
(1)
(2)
(3)
B: 0,24 lt
C: 0,3 lt
D: 0,4 lt
Hng dn:
nNa+ = nOH- = nNaOH = 0,6M
Khi cho NaOH vo dung dch Y(cha cc ion :Mg2+;Fe2+;H+ d;Cl-) cc ion
dng s tc dng vi OH- to thnh kt ta .Nh vy dung dch thu
c sau phn ng ch cha Na+ v Cl-.
=>nCl- = nNa+=0,6 =>VHCl=0,6/2= 0,3 lt ==> p n C.
B: 16 gam
C: 24 gam
D:32 gam
Hng dn:
Vi cch gii thng thng ,ta vit 7 phng trnh ha hc,sau
t n s,thit lp h phng trnh v gii
Nu p dng nh lut bo ton din tch ta c :
Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2
S mol HCl ha tan Fe l : nHCl = 2nH2 =0,3 mol
S mol HCl ha tan cc oxit =0,7- 0,3 = 0,4 mol
Theo nh lut bo ton din tch ta c
nO2-(oxit) =1/2 nCl- = 0,2 mol ==>
nFe (trong X) =moxit - moxi /56 =(20-0,2 x 16)/56 = 0,3 mol
III . BI TP T LUYN
Cu 1: Dung dch X c cha a mol Na+ ,b mol Mg2+ ,C mol Cl- v
d mol SO42-.. Biu thc lin h gia a,b,c,d l
A: a+2b=c+2d
B:a+2b=c+d
C:a+b=c+
D : 2a+b=2c+d
K+ :0,15 mol, Mg2+ : 0,1 mol,NH4+:0,25 mol,H+ :0,2 mol, Cl- :0,1 mol SO42- :0,075
mol NO3- :0,25 mol,NO3- :0,25 mol v CO32- :0,15 mol. Mt trong 2 dung dch trn
cha
A: K+,Mg2+,SO42- v Cl-;
B : K+,NH4+,CO32- v Cl-
C :NH4+,H+,NO3-, v SO42-
D : Mg2+,H+,SO42- v Cl-
Cu 3: Dung dch Y cha Ca2+ 0,1 mol ,Mg2+ 0,3 mol,Cl- 0,4 mol,HCO3- y mol.
Khi c cn dung dch Y th c mui khan thu c l :
A: 37,4 gam
B 49,8 gam
C: 25,4 gam
D : 30,5 gam
Cu 4 : Mt dung dch cha 0,02 mol Cu2+;0,03 mol K+,x mol Cl- v y mol
SO42-.Tng khi lng cc mui tan c trong dung dch l 5,435 gam. Gi tr
ca x v y ln lt l:
A:0,03 v 0,02
B: 0,05 v 0,01
C : 0,01 v 0,03
D:0,02 v 0,05
B :0,045
C:0,06
D:0,09
B: (m+8) gam
C: (m+16) gam
D: (m+32)gam
B 22,6 gam
C: 26,6 gam
D : 6,26 gam
Cu 8: Trn dung dch cha Ba2+;OH- 0,06 mol v Na2+ 0,02 mol vi
dung dch cha HCO3- 0,04 mol; CO32- 0,03 mol va Na+. Khi lng kt
ta thu c sau khi trn l
A: 3,94 gam
B 5,91 gam
C: 7,88 gam
D : 1,71 gam
Cu 9:Ha tan hon ton 5,94 gam hn hp hai mui clorua ca 2 kim
loi nhm IIA vo nc c 100ml dung dch X. lm kt ta ht
ion Cl- c trong dung dch X,ngi ta cho dung dch X trn tc
dng va vi dung dch AgNO3. Kt thc th nghim, thu c
dung dch Y v 17,22 gam kt ta. Khi lng mui khan thu c khi
kt ta dung dch Y l:
A: 4,86 gam
B: 5,4 gam
C: 7,53 gam
D : 9,12 gam
Cu 10: Dung dch X cha 0.025 mol CO32-;0,1 mol Na+;0,25 mol
NH4+ v 0,3 mol Cl-. Cho 270ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,2M vo v
un nng nh (gi s H2O bay hi khng ng k). Tng khi lng
dung dch X v dung dch Ba(OH)2 sau qu trnh phn ng gim i l :
A: 4,125 gam
B: 5,296 gam
C: 6,761 gam
D : 7,015 gam
B: 6,24 gam
C: 1,06 gam
D : 2,08 gam
B: 0,1M;0,1M v 0,2M
C: 0,3M;0,3M v 0,2M
D : 0,3M;0,2M v 0,2M
A: 1M v 1M
B: 2M v 2M
C: 1M v 2M
D : 2M v 1M
B: 7,04 gam
C: 7,46 gam
D : 3,52 gam
Quy hn hp 0,1 mol Fe2O3 v 0,1 mol FeO thnh 0,1 mol Fe3O4.
Hn hp X gm: (Fe3O4: 0,2 mol; Fe: 0,1 mol) tc dng vi dung dch Y.
Fe3O4 + 8H+ Fe2+ + 2Fe3+ + 4H2O.
0,2
0,2
0,4 mol
Fe + 2H+ Fe2+ + H2
0,1
0,1 mol
0,1
0,1
B. 1,49 lt.
D. 1,12 lt.
Hng dn gii
0,1
Phn ng:
0,06 mol
B. 5 gam.
D. 0 gam.
Hng dn gii
p n B.
V d 4: Ho tan ht hn hp gm mt kim loi kim v mt kim loi kim th
trong nc c dung dch A v c 1,12 lt H2 bay ra ( ktc). Cho dung dch
cha 0,03 mol AlCl3 vo dung dch A. Khi lng kt ta thu c l:
A. 0,78 gam.
C. 0,81 gam.
B. 1,56 gam.
D. 2,34 gam.
Hng dn gii
0,01 mol
B. 3,92 gam.
D. 5,12 gam.
Hng dn gii
p n C
V d 6: Cho hn hp gm NaCl v NaBr tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d thu
c kt ta c khi lng ng bng khi lng AgNO3 phn ng. Phn
trm khi lng NaCl trong hn hp u l:
A. 23,3%.
C. 43,23%.
B. 27,84%.
D. 31,3%.
Hng dn gii
Phng trnh ion:
p n B.
V d 7: Trn 100ml dung dch A (gm KHCO3 1M v K2CO3 1M) vo 100ml
dung dch B (gm NaHCO3 1M v Na2CO3 1M) thu c dung dch C. Nh t t
100ml dung dch D (gm H2SO4 1M v HCl 1M) vo dung dch C thu c V lt
CO2 (ktc) v dung dch E. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)2 ti d vo dung dch E th thu
c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m v V ln lt l:
A. 82,4 gam v 2,24 lt.
B. 38,95 gam.
D. 38,91 gam.
b. Th tch V l:
A. 0,39 lt.
C. 0,41 lt.
B. 0,4 lt.
D. 0,42 lt.
c. Khi lng kt ta l:
A. 54,02 gam.
C. 53,62 gam.
B. 53,98 gam.
D. 53,94 gam.
Hng dn gii
a. Xc nh lng mui thu c trong dung dch X:
p n C.
V d 9: Cho m gam hn hp Mg v Al vo 250ml dung dch X cha hn hp
axit HCl 1M v axit H2SO4 0,5M thu c 5,32 lt H2 (ktc) v dung dch Y (coi
th tch dung dch khng i). Dung dch Y c pH l:
A. 7.
2.
B. 1.
D. 6.
C.
Hng dn gii
p n B.
V d 10:Thc hin 2 th nghim:
- TN1: Cho 3,84g Cu phn ng vi 80ml dung dch HNO3 1M thot ra V1 lt NO.
- TN2: Cho 3,84g Cu phn ng vi 80ml dung dch HNO3 1M v H2SO4 0,5M
thot ra V2 lt NO. Bit NO l sn phm kh duy nht, cc th tch kh o cng
iu kin. Quan h gia V1 v V2 l:
A. V2 = V1.
2,5V1.
B. V2 = 2 V1.
D. V2 = 1,5V1.
Hng dn gii
TN1:
C. V2 =
p n B.
V d 11: Trn 100ml dung dch gm Ba(OH)2 0,1M v NaOH 0,1M vi 400ml
dung dch gm H2SO4 0,0375M v HCl 0,0125M thu c dung dch X. Gi tr pH
ca dung dch X l:
A. 1.
6.
B. 2.
D. 7.
C.
Hng dn gii
Ta c
Khi trn hn hp dung dch baz vi hn hp dung dch axit ta c phng trnh
ion rt gn:
p n B.
V d 12: Cho 1 mu hp kim Na - Ba tc dng vi nc d thu c dung dch
X v 3,36 lt H2 (ktc). Th tch dung dch axit H2SO4 2M cn dng trung ho
dung dch X l:
A. 150ml.
B. 75ml.
Hng dn gii
C. 60ml.
D. 30ml.
p n B.
Tuyt chiu s 10 (s dung cng thc kinh nghim)
Th nm, 28 Thng 5 2009 10:06 Ti quang dung
m gam
m1gam
(n: max)
Gi:
S mol kim loi a
S oxi ho cao nht (max) ca kim loi l n
S mol electron nhn (2) l t mol
Ta c:
Mt khc:
ne nhn = n e (oxi) + ne (2)
II. TH D MINH HO
B. 0,672.
C. 1,792.
Hng dn gii:
p dng cng thc (1): ne nhn (2) => ne nhn (2) = 0,08
T dy/H2 =19 => nNO2 = nNO = x
D.0,448.
B.11.2.
C.7,0
D. 8.4.
Hng dn gii:
p dng cng thc (2):
-> p n D.
Th d 3. Cho 11,36 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4
phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO3 long, d thu c 1,344 lt kh NO
(sn phm kh duy nht, o ktc) v dung dch Y. C cn dung dch
Y thu c m gam mui khan.Gi tr ca m l:
A. 49,09
B. 35,50
C. 38,72.
D.34,36.
Hng dn gii:
p dng cng thc (2):
B. 2,80
C.5,60.
D.4,20
Hng dn gii:
T dy/H2 =19 => nNO2 = nNO = x => ne nhn = 4x
p dng cng thc: 9,52 = 0,7.11,6 + 5,6.4x => x = 0,0625
=> V = 22,4.0,0625.2 = 2,80 lt -> p n B
Th d 5. Nung m gam bt Cu trong oxi thu c 24,8 gam hn hp
cht rn X gm Cu, CuO v Cu2O. Ho tan hon ton X trong H2SO4
c nng thot ra 4,48 lt kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc).
Gi tr ca m l:
A. 9,6
B. 14,72
C. 21,12
D. 22,4.
Hng dn giai:
Ap dung cng thc (3):
M = 0,8m rn + 6,4.n e nhn (2)
=> m = 0,8.24,8 + 6,4.0,2.2 = 22,4 gam => ap an D.
A. 5,6 gam.
B. 20,08 gam.
C. 11,84 gam.
D. 14,95 gam.
Cu 2: Hoa tan hoan toan 10 gam hn hp X (Fe, Fe2O3) trong dung
dich HNO3 va u thu c 1,12 lit NO ( ktc, san phm kh duy
nht) va dung dich Y. Cho Y tac dung vi dung dich NaOH d c
kt tua Z. Nung Z trong khng khi n khi khi lng khng i c
m gam cht rn. Gia tri cua m la:
A. 12 gam.
B. 16 gam.
C. 11,2 gam.
D. 19,2 gam.
Cu 3: Hoa tan ht m gam hn hp Fe, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 trong dung
dich HNO3 c,nong d c 448 ml khi NO2 ( ktc). C can
dung dich sau phan ng c 14,52 gam mui khan. Gia tri cua m la:
A. 3,36 gam.
B. 4,28 gam.
C. 4,64 gam.
D. 4,80 gam.
Cu 4: t chay hoan toan 5,6 gam bt Fe trong binh oxi thu c 7,36
gam hn hp X gm Fe2O3, Fe3O4 va mt phn Fe d. Hoa tan hoan
toan hn hp X bng dung dich HNO3 thu c V lit khi Y gm NO2 va
NO co ti khi so vi H2 bng 19.
Gia tri cua V la:
A. 0,896 lit.
B. 0,672 lit.
C. 0,448 lit.
D. 1,08 lit.
Cu 5: Cho lung khi CO i qua ng s ng m gam Fe2O3 nung nong.
Sau mt thi gian thu c 13,92 gam hn hp X gm 4 cht. Hoa tan
ht X bng HNO3 c, nong d c 5,824 lit NO2 (san phm kh duy
nht, ktc). Gia tri cua m la:
A. 16 gam.
B. 32 gam.
C. 48 gam.
D. 64 gam.
Cu 6: Cho 11,6 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 vao dung dich
HNO3 loang, d c V lit khi Y gm NO va NO2 co ti khi hi so vi
H2 la 19. Mt khac, nu cho cung lng khi hn hp X trn tac dung vi
khi CO d thi sau phan ng hoan toan c 9,52 gam Fe.
Gia tri cua V la:
A. 2,8 lit.
B. 5,6 lit.
C. 1,4 lit.
D. 1,344 lit.
Cu 7: Nung m gam bt ng kim loai trong oxi thu c 24,8 gam hn
hp rn X gm Cu, CuO va Cu2O. Hoa tan hoan toan X trong H2SO4
c nong thoat ra 4,48 lit khi SO2 (san phm kh duy nht, ktc).
Gia tri cua m la:
A. 9,6 gam.
B. 14,72 gam.
C. 21,12 gam.
D. 22,4 gam.
Cu 8: Hoa tan hoan toan 18,16 gam hn hp X gm Fe va Fe3O4
trong 2 lit dung dich HNO3 2M thu c dung dich Y va 4,704 lit khi
NO (san phm kh duy nht, ktc).
Phn trm khi lng Fe trong hn hp X la:
A. 38,23%.
B. 61,67%.
C. 64,67%.
D. 35,24%.
Cu 9: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Fe, Fe3O4 tac dung vi 200 ml dung
dich HNO3 3,2M. Sau khi phan ng hoan toan c 0,1 mol khi NO (san
phm kh duy nht) va con lai 1,46 gam kim loai khng tan.
Gia tri cua m la:
A. 17,04 gam.
B. 19,20 gam.
C. 18,50 gam.
D. 20,50 gam.
Cu 10: m gam Fe trong khng khi 1 thi gian c 7,52 gam hn
hp X gm 4 cht. Hoa tan ht X trong dung dich H2SO4 c, nong d
c 0,672 lit khi SO2 (san phm kh duy nht, ktc) va dung dich Y.
C can cn thn dung dich Y c m1 gam mui khan.
Gia tri cua m va m1 ln lt la:
A. 7 gam va 25 gam.
B. 4,2 gam va 1,5 gam.
C. 4,48 gam va 16 gam.
D. 5,6 gam va 20 gam.
Cu 11: Cho 5,584 gam hn hp bt Fe va Fe3O4 tac dung va u
vi 500 ml dung dich HNO3 loang. Sau khi phan ng xay ra hoan toan
c 0,3136 lit khi NO (san phm kh duy nht, ktc) va dung dich X.
Nng mol cua dung dich HNO3 la:
A. 0,472M.
B. 0,152M
C. 3,04M.
D. 0,304M.
Cu 12: kh hoan toan 9,12 gam hn hp cac oxit: FeO, Fe3O4 va
Fe2O3 cn 3,36 lit H2 (ktc). Nu hoa tan 9,12 gam hn hp trn bng
H2SO4 c nong d thi th tich khi SO2 (san phm kh duy nht, ktc)
thu c ti a la:
A. 280 ml.
B. 560 ml.
C. 672 ml.
D. 896 ml.
Cu 13: Cho khi CO i qua ng s ng 16 gam Fe2O3 un nong, sau
khi phan ng thu c hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4 va Fe2O3. Hoa
tan hoan toan X bng H2SO4 c nong thu c dung dich Y. Khi lng
mui trong Y la:
A. 20 gam.
B. 32 gam.
C. 40 gam.
D. 48 gam.
Cu 14: Hoa tan 11,2 gam kim loai M trong dung dich HCl d thu c
4,48 lit H2 ( ktc). Con nu hoa tan hn hp X gm 11,2 gam kim loai M
va 69,6 gam oxit MxOy trong lng d dung dich HNO3 thi c 6,72 lit
khi NO (san phm kh duy nht, ktc). Cng thc cua oxit kim loai la:
A. Fe3O4.
B. FeO
C. Cr2O3.
D. CrO.
Cu 15: Cho 37 gam hn hp X gm Fe, Fe3O4 tac dung vi 640 ml
dung dich HNO3 2M loang, ung nong. Sau khi cac phan ng xay ra
hoan toan thu c V lit khi NO (san phm kh duy nht, ktc),
dung dich Y va con lai 2,92 gam kim loai. Gia tri cua V la:
A. 2,24 lit.
B. 4,48 lit.
C. 3,36 lit.
D. 6,72 lit.
Cu 16: Cho lung khi CO i qua ng s cha 0,12 mol hn hp
gm FeO va Fe2O3 nung nong, phan ng tao ra 0,138 mol CO2.
Hn hp cht rn con lai trong ng nng 14,325 gam gm 4 cht.
Hoa tan ht hn hp 4 cht nay vao dung dich HNO3 d thu c
V lit khi NO (san phm kh duy nht, ktc).
Gia tri cua V la:
A. 0,244 lit.
B. 0,672 lit.
C. 2,285 lit.
D. 6,854 lit.
Cu 17: Cho lung khi CO i qua ng s ng 5,8 gam FexOy nung
nong trong mt thi gian thu c hn hp khi X va cht rn Y. Cho
Y tac dung vi dung dich HNO3 d c dung dich Z va 0,784 lit khi
NO (san phm kh duy nht, ktc). C can dung dich Z c 18,15
gam mui khan. Hoa tan Y bng HCl d thy co 0,672 lit khi ( ktc).
Phn trm khi lng cua st trong Y la:
A. 67,44%.
B. 32,56%.
C. 40,72%.
D. 59,28%.
Cu 18: Cho lung khi CO i qua ng s ng 30,4 gam hn hp X
gm Fe2O3 va FeO nung nong trong mt thi gian dai thu c hn
hp cht rn Y. Hoa tan ht Y trong HNO3 va u c dung dich Z.
Nhung thTi ng vao dung dich Z n khi phan ng hoan toan thy
khi lng thTi ng giam 12,8 gam. Phn trm khi lng cua cac
cht trong hn hp X ln lt bng:
A. 33,3% va 66,7%.
B. 61,3% va 38,7%.
C. 52,6% va 47,4%.
D. 75% va 25%.
Cu 19: Hoa tan hoan toan m gam Fe3O4 trong dung dich HNO3, toan
ap an:
1B - 2C - 3C - 4A - 5A - 6A - 7D - 8B - 9C - 10D
11A - 12C - 13C - 14A - 15B - 16C - 17B - 18C - 19B - 20D.
Khi lng
Th tich
Nng
(C% hoc CM)
Dung dich 1
m1
V1
C1
Dung dich 2
m2
V2
C2
Dung dich
m = m1+m2
V = V1+V2
Cn pha ch
b. i vi nng mol:
Pha dung dich vi dung dich: xac inh C1, C2, C va ap dung cac cng thc
(1) va (2).
Pha ch dung dich vi dung mi (H2O): dung mi nguyn cht co C = 0%.
Pha ch cht rn co tng tac vi H2O tao cht tan vao dung dich: luc
nay, do co s tng tac vi H2O tao cht tan nn ta phai chuyn cht rn
sang dung dich co nng tng ng C > 100%.
Pha ch tinh th mui ngm nc vao dung dich: tinh th c coi nh
dung dich co
C < 100%, y gia tri cua C chinh la ham lng % cua cht tan trong tinh th
mui ngm ngc.
Chu y:
y cac gia tri cua C c thay bng cac gia tri KLPT tng ng.
T phng phap ng cheo ta rut ra cng thc tinh nhTi thanh phn
% s mol cua hn hp 2 cht co khi lng phn t M1, M2 va khi lng trung
binh la:
Dang 3. Bai toan hn hp cac cht co tinh cht hoa hoc tng t nhau.
Vi hn hp gm 2 cht ma v ban cht hoa hoc la tng t nhau (VD: CaCO3
va BaCO3) ta chuyn chung v mt cht chung va ap dung ng cheo nh cac
bai toan ti l mol hn hp.
II. CC BC GII
- Xc nh tr s cn tm t bi
- Chuyn cc s liu sang dng i lng % khi lng
- Xy dng ng cho => Kt qu bi ton
B.1/3.
C.3/1.
D.4/1.
Hng dn gii:
p dng cng thc (1): a / b = (15 - 20) / (40 - 20) = 1 /4 => p n A
Th d 2. Ho tan hon ton m gam Na2O nguyn cht vo 75,0 gam dung dch
NaOH 12,0% thu c dung dch NaOH 58,8%. Gi tr ca m l
A. 66,0.
B.50,0.
C.112,5.
D.85,2.
80 gam
Coi Na2O nguyn cht nh dung dch NaOH c nng C = (80 / 62)100 =
129,0%
Theo (1): m / 75 = ( | 12,0 - 58,8| ) / ( |129,0 - 58,8| ) = 46,8 / 70,2 = 50 gam
p n B
B.6.
C.36.
D.7.
Hng dn gii:
Coi tinh th CuSO4.5H2O l dung dch CuSO4 c nng :
C = (160.100) / 250 = 64%
Theo (1): y / x = ( |116 - 64| ) / ( |16 - 8| )
=> y = 36 gam => p n C
B.43,5%
C.56,5%.
D.52,2%
Hng dn gii:
Cch 1. S ng cho:
p n B.
Th d 5. Cn trn 2 th tch etilen vi 1 th tch hirocacbon mch h X thu
c hn hp kh c t khi hi so vi H2 bng 55/3. Tn ca X l:
A. vinylaxetilen.
B. buten.
C.ivinyl
D.butan
Hng dn gii:
S ng cho:
B.51,7%.
C.48,3%.
D.45,0%.
Hng dn gii:
C.45,5%
B.54,5%.
D.40%.
Hng dn gii:
B.4/3.
C.3/4.
D.2/5.
Hng dn gii:
"Cht tan" y l Fe. % khi lng Fe trong cc qung ln lt l:
Trong qung X: C1 = 60(112/160) = 42%.
Trong qung Y: C2 = 69,6(168/1232) = 50,4%
Trong qung Z: C = (100 - 4) / 2 = 48%
Theo (1): a/b = ( | 50,4 - 48,0 | ) / ( | 42,0 - 48,0 | ) = 2/5
=> n n D
Th d 9. Nhit phn hon ton a gam hn hp X gm Al(OH)3 v Cu(OH)2 thu
c hn hp cht rn Y c khi lng 0,731a gam. Thnh phn % v khi
lng ca Al(OH)3 trong X l.
A. 47,5%.
B.50,0%
C.52,5%
D.55,0%
Hng dn gii:
Ta xbn nh y l bi ton trn ln 2 "dung dch" vi "cht tan" tng ng ln
lt l Al2O3 v CuO.
i vi Al(OH)3: 2Al(OH)3 => Al2O3 c C1 = (102 / 2.78)100 = 65,4%
i vi Cu(OH)2: Cu(OH)2 => CuO c C2 = (80 / 98)100 = 81,6%
Tng ham lng Al2O3 va CuO trong hn hp X:
C = (0,731a / a)100 = 73,1%
Theo (1): m Al(OH)3 / m Cu(OH)2 = ( | 81,6 - 73,1 | ) / ( | 65,4 - 73,1 | )
=> %m Al(OH)3 = (8,5.100) / ( 8,5 + 7,7 ) = 52,5% => ap an C
Cu 3: Hoa tan 10 gam SO3 vao m gam dung dich H2SO4 49,0% ta c dung
dich H2SO4 78,4%. Gia tri cua m la:
A. 6,67.
B. 7,35.
C. 13,61.
D. 20,0.
Cu 4: thu c 100 gam dung dich FeCl3 30% cn hoa tan a gam tinh th
FeCl3.6H2O vao b gam dung dich FeCl3 10%. Gia tri cua b la:
A. 22,2.
B. 40,0.
C. 60,0.
D. 77,8.
Cu 5: Mt hn hp gm CO va CO2 iu kin tiu chun co ti khi i vi
hidro la 18,2. Thanh phn % v th tich cua CO2 trong hn hp la:
A. 45,0%.
B. 47,5%.
C. 52,5%.
D. 55,0%.
Cu 6: Cn tren 2 th tich metan vi 1 th tich hidrocacbon X thu c hn
hp khi co ti khi hi so vi hidro bng 15. X la:
A. C4H10.
B. C3H8.
C. C4H8.
D. C3H6.
Cu 7: Mt loti khi lo cc (thanh phn chinh la CH4 va H2) co ti khi so vi He la
1,725. Th tich H2 co trong 200,0 ml khi lo cc o la:
A. 20,7 ml.
B. 179,3 ml.
C. 70,0 ml.
D. 130,0 ml.
Cu 8: Thm 150 ml dung dich KOH 2M vao 120 ml dung dich H3PO4 1M. Khi
lng cac mui thu c trong dung dich la:
A. 9,57 gam K2HPO4; 8,84 gam KH2PO4.
B. 10,44 gam K2HPO4; 12,72 gam K3PO4.
C. 10,24 gam K2HPO4; 13,50 gam KH2PO4.
D. 13,05 gam K2HPO4; 10,60 gam K3PO4.
Cu 9: Hoa tan 2,84 gam hn hp 2 mui CaCO3 va MgCO3 bng dung dich HCl
d, thu c 0,672 lit khi iu kin tiu chun. Thanh phn % s mol cua
MgCO3 trong hn hp la:
A. 33,33%.
B. 45,55%.
C. 54,45%.
D. 66,67%.
Cu 10: X la khoang vt cuprit cha 45% Cu2O. Y la khoang vt tenorit cha
70% CuO. Cn trn X va Y theo ti l khi lng t = mx/my c qung C, ma
t 1 tn qung C co th iu ch c ti a 0,5 tn ng nguyn cht. Gia tri
cua t la:
A. 5/3.
B. 5/4.
C. 4/5.
D. 3/5.
Cu 11: Nhit phn hoan toan 108 gam hn hp X gm Na2CO3 va NaHCO3
c cht rn Y co khi lng bng 75,4% khi lng cua X. Khi lng
naHCO3 co trong X la:
A. 54,0 gam.
B. 27,0 gam.
C. 72,0 gam.
D. 36,0 gam.
Cu 12: t chay hoan toan 21,0 gam dy st trong khng khi thu c 29, 4
gam hn hp cac oxit Fe2O3 va Fe3O4. Khi lng Fe2O3 tao thanh la:
A. 12,0 gam.
B. 13,5 gam.
C. 16,5 gam.
D. 18,0 gam.
Cu 13: t chay hoan toan 15,68 lit hn hp khi (ktc) gm 2 hidrocacbon
thuc cung day dng ng, co khi lng phn t hn kem nhau 28 vC, thu
c n CO2 / n H2O = 24/31. CTPT va % khi lng tng ng vi cac
hidrocacbon ln lt la:
A. C2H6 (28,57%) va C4H10 (71,43%).
B. C3H8 (78,57%) va C5H12 (21,43%).
C. C2H6 (17,14%) va C4H10 (82,86%).
D. C3H8 (69,14%) va C5H12 (30,86%).
Cu 14: Cho 6,72 gam Fe vao dung dich cha 0,3 mol H2SO4 c, nong (gia
thit SO2 la san phm kh duy nht). Sau khi phan ng xay ra hoan toan, thu
c:
A. 0,03 mol Fe2(SO4)3 va 0,06 mol FeSO4.
B. 0,12 mol FeSO4.
C. 0,02 mol Fe2(SO4)3 va 0,08 mol FeSO4.
D. 0,06 mol Fe2(SO4)3.
Cu 15: thu c dung dich HCl 25% cn ly m1 gam dung dich HCl 45%
pha vi m2 gam dung dich HCl 15%. Ti l m1/m2 la:
A. 1:2.
B. 1:3.
C. 2:1.
D. 3:1.
Cu 16: pha 500 ml dung dich nc mui sinh li (C = 0,9%) cn ly V ml
dung dich NaCl 3%. Gia tri cua V la:
A. 150.
B. 214,3.
C. 285,7.
D. 350.
Cu 17: Mt hn hp gm O2, O3 ktc co ti khi hi i vi hidro la 18. Thanh
phn % v th tich O3 trong hn hp la:
A. 15%.
B. 25%.
C. 20%.
D. 30%.
Cu 18: S lit nc nguyn cht cn thm vao 1 lit dung dich H2SO4 98% (d =
1,84 g/ml) c dung dich mi co nng 10% la:
A. 14,192.
B. 15,192.
C. 16,192.
D. 17,192.
Cu 19: Hoa tan 2,84 gam hn hp 2 mui CaCO3 va MgCO3 bng dung dich
HCl d, thu c 0,672 lit khi ktc. Thanh phn % s mol cua MgCO3 trong
hn hp la:
A. 66,67%.
B. 54,45%.
C. 45,55%.
D. 33,33%.
ap an:
1B - 2D - 3D - 4C - 5C - 6A - 17D
8B - 9A - 10D - 11C - 12A - 13C - 14A - 15A - 16A - 17B - 18C - 19D