Bi tp Ha hc hu c i hc CHNG I: AMIN V MUI IAZONI 1.

1/ Vit cng thc cu to cc hp cht c tn sau: a/ Isopentylamin b/ Metylbutylamin c/ Isobutylimetylamin d/ 2Metyl1,5iaminpetan e/ N,Nimetylanilin f/ mPhenyleniamin 1.2/ Gi tn cc hp cht sau: a/ CH3 CH CH3 b/ CH3 CH2 NH CH3 c/ CH3 CH N CH2 CH3 NH2 CH3 CH3
d/ (C2H5)4NOH e/(CH3CH2CH2)2NH2Cl f/ H2N NH2

g/

CH3 NH2

h/

NH CH3

i/

NH

1.3/ Vit cu trc electron v cu trc khng gian ca etylmetylamin 1.4/ Vit s iu ch amin t: a/ Etanol v NH3 c mt AlCl3 b/ Etyliodua vi NH3 1.5/ Lp s tng hp anilin, axit sunfanilic v mphenyleniamin t benzen Gii: HNO3 Fe, HCl NaOH Tng hp anilin: H2SO4 Tng hp axit sunfanilic:
NH2 H2SO4
NO2 NH3Cl NH2

NH3.HSO4 o 150 C

NH3

SO3 (axit sunfanilic)

Tng hp m phenyleniamin NO2

HNO3 H2SO4 Fe, HCl NO2

NH3.Cl NaOH NH3.Cl

NH2

NH2

1.6/ Lp s iu ch cc cht sau khng ln amin khc bc: a/ 3Metyl2aminobutan t anken c cng mch cacbon b/ Butylamin t axit butyric c/ Benzylamin t benzylclorua, t axit phenylaxetic d/ pcloanilin t clobenzen
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Bi tp Ha hc hu c i hc Gii: HO [O] CH3 CH CH CH2 2 CH3 CH CH CH3 CH3 CH C CH3 a/ H CH3 CH3 OH CH3 O
H2N OH CH3 CH C CH3 [H] CH3 CH C CH3 CH3 N OH CH3 NH2

b/

CH3CH2CH2COOH
H2N OH

LiAlH4

CH3(CH2)3OH
[H]

[O]

CH3(CH2)2CHO

CH3(CH2)2CH N OH

CH3(CH2)3NH2

c/ T benzylclorua
C6H5 CH2Cl
H2N OH

H2O, OH

C6H5 CH2OH
[H]

[O]

C6H5 CHO

C6H5 CH N OH

C6H5 CH2 NH2

T axit phenylaxetic
C6H5 CH2 COOH
Br2, NaOH

PCl 5

C6H5 CH2

C6H5 CH2 C Cl O NH2

NH3

C6H5 CH2 C NH2 O

d/

Cl HNO3 H2SO4

Cl Fe, HCl

Cl NaOH

Cl

NO2 NH3Cl NH2 1.7/ Vit phng trnh phn ng ca npropylamin v anilin vi a/ axit clohiric b/ axetylclorua c/ anhiritaxetic d/ etylclorua e/ natrinitrit v axit clohiric So snh kh nng phn ng ca 2 cht trn trong mi cp phn ng 1.8/ So snh tnh baz ca cc cht trong cc dy sau v gii thch: a/ nC4H9NH2; (C2H5)2NH; C2H5NHCH3; CH3CONHCH2CH3 b/ C6H5NH2; C2H5NHCH3; C2H5NHC6H5; CH3NH2. c/ C6H5NH2; pClC6H4NH2; pO2NC6H4NH2; pH2NC6H4NH2 1.9/ Vit phn ng iazo ha nhng hp cht sau vi NaNO2 trong dung dch HCl a/ pToluiin b/ pcloanilin c/ pnitroanilin Vi nhng amin thm coa tnh baz yu nh pnitroanilin; 2,4initroanilin th phi tin hnh iazo ha nh th no?
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Bi tp Ha hc hu c i hc 1.10/ Vit phng trnh phn ng to thnh chu mu azo t cc cht sau dng lm hp phn iazo v azo: Hp phn iazo Hp phn azo Anilin N,Nimetylanilin pToluiin Phenol Axit sunfanilic Anilin Axit sunfanilic Naphtol 1.11/ Hp cht c thnh phn C5H13N tan trong axit, khi tc dng vi CH3I, sau vi AgOH to thnh hp cht C8H21ON. Cht ny b nhit phn to thnh trimetylamin v 2metylbut1en. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca cht u v vit cc phng trnh phn ng minh ho. Gii: Theo gi thit th cht u phi l amin bc 1 v khi phn ng vi CH3I, sau vi AgOH th s nguyn t C tng ln 3 n v. Nh vy cht u c dng C5H11NH2 C8H11ON phi c dng C5H11N+(CH3)3.OH. Theo gi thit v kt qu trn, khi nhit phn th :
(CH3)3N + CH3 CH2 C CH2 CH3 V vy amin ban u phi c cng thc cu to l NH2 CH3 CH2 CH CH2 NH2 ho c CH3 CH2 C CH3 (T ch theo Hoffman) CH3 CH3 C5H11N(CH3)3.OH

1.12/ Amin c cng thc phn t C6H15N, khi tc dng vi HNO2 s tch ra nit v ancol C6H14O. Thu phn sn phm ozonit ca anken to thnh do loi nc ca ancol trn thu c axetanehit v etylmetylxeton. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca amin trn v vit cc phng trnh phn ng minh ho. Gii: Theo gi thit, t sn phm oznphn ta co th suy ra cng thc cu to ca anken l: CH CH C CH CH
3 2 3

CH3

M anken li c to thnh t phn ng tch nc ca ancol C6H14O nn ancol phi c cng thc cu to l: OH CH3 CH2 C CH2 CH3 ho c CH3 CH CH CH2 CH3 CH3 OH CH3 Amin ban u phn ng vi HNO2 to ra ancol nn l amin bc 1, t c th suy ra cng thc cu to ca amin l: NH2 CH3 CH2 C CH2 CH3 ho c CH3 CH CH CH2 CH3 CH3 NH2 CH Website: http://ngocbinh.webdayhoc.net Email: bi.hpu2@gmail.com 3

Bi tp Ha hc hu c i hc

1.13/ Hp cht c cng thc phn t C8H11N, tc dng vi HNO2 to thnh ancol C8H10O. Oxi ha ancol ny trong iu kin thch hp thu c axit terephtalic. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca cht u v vit cc phng trnh phn ng minh ho. Gii: Axit terephtalic c cng thc cu to l:
HOOC COOH

Axit ny l sn phm oxi ha ancol n chc nn ancol phi c cng thc cu to l:

H3C CH2OH

Amin ban u phn ng vi HNO2 to ra ancol nn l amin bc 1, t c th suy ra cng thc cu to ca amin l:
H3C CH2NH2

1.14/ Hon thnh cc s phn ng sau: HNO2 PCl 5 KCN [H] A B C D a/ CH3 CH NH2 CH3 CHCl 3 [H] KCN Na A ancol B C D b/ CH3 CH CH 2Br KOH CH3
c/ C6H5NH2 CH3COCl A HNO3 HNO3 thu ph n B C D H2SO4 H2SO4

Gii: a/
CH3 CH NH2 + HNO2 CH3 CH3 CH OH + N2 + H2O CH3 (A)

CH3 CH OH + PCl 5 CH3 CH3 CH Cl + KCN CH3

CH3 CH CN + 4[H] CH3

CH3 CH Cl + POCl 3 + HCl CH3 (B) CH3 CH CN + KCl CH3 (C)

CH3 CH CH2 NH2 CH3 (D) CH3 CH CH2 CN + KCl CH3 (A)
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b/ CH3 CH CH2Br + KCN CH3

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Bi tp Ha hc hu c i hc
CH3 CH CH2 CN + 4[H] Na CH3 CH CH2 CH 2 NH2 ancol CH3 CH3 (B)
CH3 CH (CH2)2 NH2 + CHCl 3 + 3KOH CH3 CH3 CH (CH2)2 N C + 3KCl + 3H2O CH3 (C)

CH3 CH (CH2)2 N C + 4[H] CH3

CH3 CH (CH2)2 NH CH3 (D) CH3

c/

NH2 + CH3COCl

NHCOCH3 + (A) HCl

NHCOCH3 + 2HNO3 H2SO4 O2N

NHCOCH3 + 2H2O NO2 (B) NHCOCH3 O2N NO2 + H2O

NO2 (C) NH2 O2N NO2 + CH3COOH NO2 (D)

NHCOCH3 O2N + HNO3 NO2 O2N NHCOCH3 NO2 + H2O NO2 H2SO4

1.15/ T benzen hoc toluen, hy lp s iu ch cc cht sau qua giai on to mui iazoni: a/ mFloclobenzen b/ 1,3,5Tribrombenzen c/ Axit isophtalic d/ mToluiin Gii: a/ Cl 2 HNO3 Zn m KOH C6H6 C6H5NO2 Fe m ClC6H4NO2 ClC6H4NH3Cl m ClC6H4NH2 HCl
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Bi tp Ha hc hu c i hc
to m NaNO2 [m ClC6H4F ClC6H4 N N]BF4 HBF4 phn ng Schiemann

HNO3 ddBr2 Zn KOH b/ C6H6 C6H5NO2 C6H5NH3Cl C6H5NH2 HCl Br Br C H OH NaNO2 Br NH2 Br N N.Cl 2 5 Br khan HCl
Br Br
HNO3

Br

Br

c/
C6H5CH3 [O] C6H5COOH m O2NC6H4COOH Zn m HOOCC6H4NH3Cl HCl
COOH CN H2O H+ COOH COOH

COOH KOH NH2 NaNO2 HCl

COOH N N.Cl KCN

d/ CH3
HNO3 H2SO4 CH3

CH3 1. Fe/HCl 2. KOH NO2 CH3

CH3 CH3COCl NH2 C2H5OH NO khan

2

CH3 HNO3 H2SO4 NHCOCH3 1. Fe/HCl 2. KOH NO2

CH3 thu ph n

CH3

NO2 NHCOCH3 CH3

NaNO2 NOHCl
2

NH2

NH2

N N.Cl

1.16/ T benzen, hy lp s tng hp 2,4,5trinitroanilin bng 2 phng php Gii: Cl Cl NH2 NH3Cl Phng php 1: NO2 NO2 NO2 Cl 2 HNO3 NH3 HCl Fe H2SO4
NO2 HNO3 H2SO4 O N 2 NH3Cl NO2 NO2 NH2 KOH O2N NO2 NO2
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NO2

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NO2

Bi tp Ha hc hu c i hc

Phng php 2:
NO2 HNO3 H2SO4 NHCOCH3 O2N NO2 NO2 NO2 thu ph n O2N NO2 (NH4)2S NO2 NH2 CH3COCl NO2 NH2 NO2 NHCOCH3 HNO3 H2SO4

1.17/ Lp s tng hp ra cht ng ho hc c tn thng thng l saccarin t toluen v cc tc nhn v c cn thit khc: CO NH2 (Saccarin) SO2 Gii:
CH3 HOSO2Cl CH3 SO2Cl NH3 CH3 SO2NH2 KMnO4 NaOH COONa SO2NH2 HCl CO NH2 SO2

Saccarin ngt gp 500 ln ng ma.

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Bi tp Ha hc hu c i hc CHNG II: HP CHT D VNG 2.1/ Gi tn cc hp cht sau:

a/ O d/ N CH3 NO2 e/ N CH3 f/ N b/ S COCH3 c/ NH COOH SO3H

2.2/ Vit cng thc cu to ca nhng cht sau: a/ 2,5imetylfuran b/ 2Bromthiophen c/ 2,5imetylpirol d/ 2Aminopiriin e/ Piriinsunfoaxit 2.3/ So snh tnh baz trong dy sau v gii thch Hp cht K hiu pKa Piriin A 5,2 2aminopiriin B 6,9 3aminopiriin C 6,1 4aminopiriin D 9,2 2metylpiriin E 6,9 3metylpiriin F 5,7 Piperiin G 8,3 2.4/ Hy iu ch cc cht sau bng cch ung nng hp cht 1,4icacbonyl vi cc tc nhn v c thch hp (phng php thng dng iu ch d vng 5 cnh). a/ 3,4imetylfuran b/ 2,5imetylthiophen c/ 2,3imetylpirol Gii: CH3 a/ CH3 CH CH CH3 CH3 C C CH3 H3C P2O5 CH CH H C C H H2O O O OHOH O 2,3- imetylbutan ial ienol 3,4- imetylfuran b/
CH2 CH2 CH3 C C CH3 O O hexan-2,5- ion
CH2 CH CH3 H C C CH3 O O 3-metyl-4-oxopentanal

HC CH CH3 C C CH3 OHOH ienol

HC C CH3 H C C CH3 OHOH ienol

P2S5 H2O

CH3

CH3

c/

2,5- imetylthiophen CH3

NH CH3

(NH4)2CO3

2,3- imetylpirol
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Bi tp Ha hc hu c i hc 2.5/ T piriin v cc ng phn picolin, hy iu ch: a/ 3aminopiriin (bng 2 phng php) b/ 3xianopiriin (bng 2 phng php) c/ 2 xianopiriin. Gii: NO2 NH3.Cl a/ HNO3 OH Zn Phng php 1: HCl H2SO4 N N N N Phng php 2: CH3 COOH COCl SO2Cl 1/ KMnO4 2/ H + N N N
NH3 CONH2 N Br2, NaOH N NH2

NH2

b/ Phng php 1:
N

NH2

NaNO2 HCl P2O5 H2O

N N.Cl N CN N

Cu2(CN)2 N

CN

Phng php 2:
N

CONH2

c/ 2aminopiriin khng iazo ha theo cch thng thng v khng th chuyn thnh hp cht xiano. Khi , nhm xiano c iu ch t amit l tt nht.
1/ KMnO4 2/ H + SO2Cl N P2O5 H2O COOH N COCl NH3

N NH3

CH3

CONH2

CN

2.6/ Khi cho etylaxeto axetat, fomanehit v hiroxylamin ung nng vi nhau trong khng kh, ngi ta thu c mt piriin th vi hiu sut cao. l hp cht no? Vai tr ca hiroxylamin? Nu thay bng ietyl malonat th phn ng c xy ra tng t nh trn khng? Ti sao? CH3 C CH2 COOC2H5 O Gii: etylaxeto axetat c cng thc cu to l:
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Bi tp Ha hc hu c i hc Trong hp cht ny th nguyn t H trong nhm CH2 tng i linh ng do c 2 nhm ht electron. V vy, n d dng tham gia phn ng vi CH2=O: CH2 O CH2 C2H5OOC H H COOC2H5 C2H5OOC COOC2H5
H3C O O CH3 H2O H3C O O CH3

Hiroxylamin c vai tr tng t nh NH3, dng ngng t hp cht icacbonyl to d vng ca nit:
NH2 OH C2H5OOC CH3 COOC2H5 to C2H5OOC COOC2H5

N CH3 CH3 N CH3 OH 2.7/ Hy tng hp 2metoxifuran t metylfuroat v cc tc nhn cn thit khc. Gii: Furan l d vng 5 cnh in hnh v khng ging piriin, n khng tip nhn phn ng th nucleofin. Tuy nhin, hoalogen c th th c nu c nhm th lm bn hp cht trung gian do tc dng ht electron nh COOH hay COOR CH3ONa Br2 COOCH3 COOCH3 CH3OH CH3O COOCH3 Br O O O

1/ OH 2/ Cu, quinolin, to CH3O O

2.8/ Hon thnh cc s phn ng sau: COOH NH2 ClCH2COOH t o B CO2 C a/ A HO HCl
2

C8H7ON (D)

CH2Cl b/ OCH3 KCN OCH3 O PCl 5 A H3 C D to H2/Ni PO B + D E 2 5 F Pd G to

COOH (A) + HCl

Gii: a/

COOH + ClCH2COOH Website: http://ngocbinh.webdayhoc.net NH2

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Bi tp Ha hc hu c i hc

COOH NH CH2COOH O C CH COOH NH O C CH2 NH CH2Cl + KCN OCH3 OCH3 CH2CN + 2H2 Ni OCH3 OCH3 CH2CN (A)

to

O C CH COOH + H2O NH (B) O C CH2 + CO2 NH (C) OH C

chuy n v

b/

CH NH (D) CH2CN + KCl OCH3 OCH3 (A)

CH2 CH2 NH2

OCH3 OCH3 (B) CH2COOH

+ H3O + H2O OCH3 OCH3 CH2COOH + PCl 5 OCH3 OCH3

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+ NH4 OCH3 OCH3 CH2COCl + POCl 3 + HCl OCH3 OCH3 (D)

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(C)

Bi tp Ha hc hu c i hc

CH3O

NH2 + Cl C OCH3 O CH2 (B)

OCH3

NH CH3O O C CH3O CH2 OCH3 (E)

OCH3 OCH3

(D)

NH CH3O O C CH3O CH2

OCH3 P2O5 CH O 3 CH3O OCH

3

N CH2 (F)

OCH3 OCH3

CH3O CH3O

N CH2

OCH3

Pd o OCH3 t

CH3O CH3O

OCH3 OCH3

CH2 papaverin (G)

2.9/ T piriin v cc cht bo bt k, hy lp s tng hp cc cht sau: a/ 2pirion b/ 2(2aminoetyl)piriin Gii:

a/ C2H5O N PCl 3 N H N O N SO2Cl CH2COOH N N OC2H5 NaCH(COOC2H5)2 Cl NH3 CH2COCl N N H3O N H O 1/ OH CH(COOC2H5)2 2/H3O LiAlH4 CH2CONH2 N CH2CH2NH2

b/

2.10/ T fufuran v cc cht v c cn thit khc, hy lp s iu ch: a/ Etyl5brom2furoat b/ 1,2,5tribrompentan Gii: a/ C2H5OH Br2 [O] CHO COOH H2SO4 COOC2H5 Br O O O O b/
H2 CHO Ni HBr CH2OH Br Br CH2Br

COOC2H5

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Bi tp Ha hc hu c i hc

2.11/ Indol v nhiu dn xut ca n c iu ch t phenylhirazon. l nhng phng php tng hp theo Fischer. Vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch iodol t phenylhirazon ca axit pyruvic (CH3COCOOH). Gii: Theo phn ng Fischer:
NH NH2 + O C COOH CH3 NH N C COOH + H2O CH3 phenylhi razon ca axit pyruvic

NH N C COOH CH3
o COOH t

ZnCl 2

COOH + N H axit indol-2-cacboxylic

+ CO2

N H

N H indol

2.12/ Pirol b kh bng Zn trong CH3COOH thnh pirolin c cng thc phn t C4H7N a/ Vit 2 cng thc cu to c th c ca pirolin. b/ Chn ng phn ng tho mn iu kin sau: Khi ozon phn s thu c C4H7O4N (X). X c th c tng hp t 2 mol axit monocloaxetic v 1 mol NH3. Gii: Cng 1, 2 N H 2,3- ihi ropirol (A) Zn/HAc N H + H2 Cng 1, 4 ihi ropirol (B) N H 2,5- Khi ozon phn th: ng phn A cho sn phm l: HOOCCH2CH2NHCOOH (C) ng phn B cho sn phm l: HOOCCH2NHCH2COOH (D). Ch c D mi c to thnh t 2 mol axit monocloaxetic v 1 mol NH3 theo phn ng sau: HOOC CH2 Cl + NH3 + Cl CH2 COOH HOOC CH2 NH CH2 COOH Vy dng phn cn tm l (B). 2.13/
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Bi tp Ha hc hu c i hc a/ Piriin c b ankyl ha theo FridellCrafs hay khng? Ti sao? b/ T piriin, hy iu ch 2nbutylpiperiin. Gii: a/ Phn ng th electrofin ca piriin tng t nh dn xut b ng ha nhn benzen. Phn ng th electrofin nh nitro ha, sunfo ha, halogen ha di iu kin khc nghit hn, ng thi piriin khng tham gia phn ng FridelsCrafts. b/ H2 LiC4H9 LiH N N C4H9 Ni N C4H9

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Bi tp Ha hc hu c i hc CHNG III: GLUXIT 3.1/ V 2 cu dng gh ca metylDiopyranoz c cng thc Fischer di y. Cu dng no c nng lng thp hn? V sao?
H HO H HO H OCH3 H O OH H CH2OH

CH2OH

H O OH H

OH

Gii:
HO

H HO

OCH3

H C u dng 1C

CH2OH O OH H H H H OH OCH3 C u dng C1

Trong 2 cu dng trn th cu dng 1C bn hn v cc nhm OH u c lin kt e. 3.2/ Diopyranoz, trong dung dch axit long to ra mt cch nhanh chng mt glicozit trung gian. Trong phn ng ny, nhm OH C1 v C6 phn ng vi nhau (hnh di). V cu dng gh thch hp ca Diopyranoz v dng glicozit trung gian c to thnh trn. Ti sao phn ng tng t ca hay Dglucopyranoz li km hn nhiu.
HO HO H HO H H H OH H CH2OH O HO H HO H H H OH H CH2 O

H H2O

Gii: C 2 cu dng gh ca Diopyranoz nh sau:

CH2OH OH OH

CH2 O CH OH 2 O H H H H H H O H O OH H HO OH OH OH HO H HO HO H H H H H OH H C u dng C1 C u dng 1C Glicozit trung gian

Trong 2 cu dang trn th ch c cu dng 1C mi c th to c glicozit trung gian v c kh nng to thnh vng 5 cnh t 1 lin kt a C1 v C6. DGlucopyranoz c 4 cu dng gh nh sau: Trong 4 cu dng ca DGlucopyranoz ch c 1 cu dng 1C mi c kh nng to glicozit, trong khi cu dng ny li l cu dng km bn nht trong 4 cu dng. V vy kh nng phn ng ca DGlucopyranoz km hn nhiu so vi D iopyranoz. CH2OH H H
H OH OH O Website: http://ngocbinh.webdayhoc.net H H H OH OH C u dng 1C HO CH2OH O H H Email: bi.hpu2@gmail.com H HO OH H OH C u dng C1

Bi tp Ha hc hu c i hc

CH2OH H H H OH O H

OH H HO

HO

CH2OH O H H OH H H C u dng C1

OH

3.3/

OH OH C u dng 1C

a/ S quay h bin l g? b/ Nhng thc nghim no chng t c s quay h bin? c/ Cc metylglucozit c quay h bin khng? Gii thch? d/ Khi metyl ha Dglucoz bng ru metylic c mt hiro clorua thu c 2 sn phm l Dmetylglucozit v Dmetylglucozit. Hai sn phm ny thuc loi ng phn no ca nhau? Dng cng thc Fischer v Haworth biu din. 3.4/ T Dglucoz, hy lp s tng hp cc cht sau y: a/ metylDglucoz b/ 2,3,4,6tetrametylDglucoz c/ 2,3,4,6tetraaxetylDglucopyranozyl bromua d/ pentaaxetylDgluconitrin. Gii: a/ D-Glucoz + CH3OH HCl khan metyl-D-glucoz HO b/ D-Glucoz + (CH3)2SO4 NaOH pentametyl-D-glucoz 2 Sn ph m HCl c/ D-Glucoz + (CH3CO)2O CH3COOH pentaaxetyl-D-glucozHBr khan Sn ph m
C N (Sn ph m) H OCOCH3 CH3COO H H OCOCH3 H OCOCH3 CH2OCOCH3 3.5/ Cht ng A c cng thc phn t C6H12O6. T A tin hnh tng hp theo phng php KilianiFischer thu c 2 heptoz c cng thc phn t C7H14O7 l B v C. Dglucoz cng tin hnh nh trn v cng thu c 2 heptoz c cng thc phn t C7H14O7 l E v F. B v E b oxi ha vi HNO3 cho cng 1 axit khng quang hot, c cng thc C7H12O9. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A, B, C, E, F.
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d/ D-Glucoz + H2N OH

CH3ONa

H C NOH

(CH3CO)2O

Bi tp Ha hc hu c i hc 3.6/ Gi tn v vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch ozazon t cc monosaccarit sau CHO CHO CHO y:
H HO H H OH H OH OH CH2OH (A) HO HO H H H H OH OH CH2OH (B) H HO HO H OH H H OH CH2OH (C)

Vit phng trnh phn ng ca 1 trong 3 cht trn vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3; Cu(OH)2 nhit thng; Cu(OH)2 un nng; dung dch nc brom. Gii: (A) l Dglucoz; (B) l manoz; (C) l galactoz 3.7/ Hon thnh s phn ng sau:
a/ CH2OH O 1/ CH I HCl lo ng NH OH 3 A C B 2 2/ KOH
CH2OH O CH OH (CH3)2SO4 3 E F HCl khan NaOH
C NOH OCH3 H OCH3 OH CH2OH

b/

Gii:
CH2OH CH2OCH3 CH2OCH3 CH2OCH3 H O O O OH CH3O 1/ CH3I HCl (l) NH2OH OCH3 OCH3 OCH3 CHO H a/ OH 2/ KOH HO CH3O OH OCH3 CH3O OH CH3O H OH OCH3 OCH3 OCH3 D-glucopyranoz

CH2OH CH2OH CH2OCH3 O O O CH OH (CH ) SO 3 3 2 4 HO HO CH3O b/ NaOH HCl khan HO CH3O HO OH OCH3 OCH3 OH OH OCH3 D-antropyranoz

3.8/ Khi cho Dglucoz tc dng vi H2 c Ni lm xc tc thu c Dsobit (ru 6 ln ru). Khi cho Dglucoz tc dng vi HNO3 thu c axit glucaric (axit 2 ln). Tm cc ng phn cht u v cht cui. Biu din cc cht theo cng thc chiu Fischer v xc nh cu hnh tuyt i ca tng nguyn t cacbon. Gii: COOH CHO CH2OH
H OH H OH Website: http://ngocbinh.webdayhoc.net HO H H HNO3 HO H OH H OH H OH H OH COOH CH2OH H2 Ni H HO H H OH Email: bi.hpu2@gmail.com H OH OH CH2OH

Bi tp Ha hc hu c i hc

Glucoz c 4C* vi 2 u mch l 2 nhm th khc nhau, khng c s i xng phn t nn c 24 ng phn quang hc. (8 dy thuc D v 8 thuc dy L). Sobit v axit glucaric vn c 4C* (chn), nhng 2 u li c 2 nhm th ging nhau nn c s lng ng phn quang hc nh nhau: S ng phn hot ng qiang hc l 2(n1) (Vi n=4, l s chn) (n2)/2 S ng phn khng hot ng quang hc l 2 Vy tng s ng phn quang hc l 2(n1) + 2(n2)/2 = 10 3.9/ Nh nhng phn ng no c th thc hin c nhng bin i sau:
CHO HO H HO H H OH CH2OH H HO HO H CHO OH H H OH CH2OH HO H b/ HO HO CHO H OH H H CH2OH CHO H OH HO H HO H CH2OH

a/

Gii: a/ Dng phng php KilianiFischer

C N COOH C O CHO H OH H OH H OH H OH O HO H H2O HO H H2O HO H Na/Hg HO H H HO HO H H H HO H H OH H OH H OH H OH CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH xianhi rin D-galactoz lacton C N COOH C O CHO HO H HO H HO H HO H O HO H H2O HO H H2O HO H Na/Hg HO H HO H H HO H H HO H H OH H OH H OH H OH CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH xianhi rin D-taloz lacton
C N HO C H C H CH3ONa H C Ac CHCl 3 HO HO C Ac CH2OH C N C H CHO Email: bi.hpu2@gmail.com C OH CH H C OH 3ONa NaCN C H HO C H CH OH 3 C H HO C H CH2OH CH2OH

CHO HO H HO H HCN H OH CH2OH

b/ Dng phng php ca Wohl

CH=N OH CHO HO C H HO C H Ac Website: http://ngocbinh.webdayhoc.net NH2OH H C OH(CH3CO)2O Ac H C OH H2O HO C H H HO C H HO C H H HO C H CH2OH CH2OH L-glucoz oxim

Bi tp Ha hc hu c i hc

3.10/ Vit cng thc Haworth v cng thc cu dng cho cc isaccarit sau: a/ 6(Dglucopyranozito)Dglucopyranoz b/ 4(Dgalactopyranozito)Dglucopyranoz c/ 4(Dallopyranozito)Lantropyranoz d/ 6(Dgalactopyranozito)Dfructofuranoz 3.11/ thit lp cu trc ton phn ca mt isaccarit phi bit: a/ Dng monosaccarit hp phn b/ Dng vng cho mi monosaccarit trong isaccarit (furanoz hay pyranoz) c/ V tr monosaccarit ny so vi monosaccarit kia d/ Cu hnh anome ( hay ) ca lin kt . Hy ly v d minh ho cho nhng iu kin trn. 3.12/ Saccaroz cn c tn l 2(Dglucopyranozito)fructofuranozit. a/ Hy biu din cng thc theo Haworth v cu dng ca saccaroz. b/ Khi thu phn Saccaroz thu c nhng sn phm g? c/ Ly cc sn phm thu phn trn cho tc dng vi phenylhirazin d s thu c nhng sn phm g? Vit phng trnh phn ng. 3.13/ Trong mt ma c mt cht ng l (+)rafinoz c cng thc phn t l C18H32O16. Khi thu phn n bng axit thu c cc sn phm l Dfructoz, Dgalactoz v Dglucoz. Khi thu phn bng men galactozia cho galactoz v saccaroz. Khi thu phn bng men invecta (men thu phn saccaroz) cho Dfructoz v isaccarit melebioz. Khi metyl ha ri thu phn cho cc sn phm l: 1,3,4,6tetraOmetylDfructoz; 2,3,4,6tetraOmetylDgalactoz v 2,3,4triOmetylDglucoz. T cc d kin trn, hy lp lun suy ra cu to ca rafinoz. Gii: ng (+)rafinoz c cng thc phn t l C18H32O16. Khi thu phn n bng axit thu c cc sn phm l Dfructoz, Dgalactoz v Dglucoz chng t n l mt trisaccarit c to thnh t 3 phn t monosaccarit ni trn. Khi metyl ha ri thu phn cho cc sn phm l: 1,3,4,6tetraOmetylDfructoz; 2,3,4,6tetraOmetylDgalactoz v 2,3,4triOmetylDglucoz.
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Bi tp Ha hc hu c i hc Chng t phn t c cc lin kt glucozit ti cc v tr C s 2 ca Dfructoz; C s 1 ca Dgalactoz v C s 1; 6 ca Dglucoz. V vy phn t glucoz phi nm gia. Khi thu phn bng men galactozia cho galactoz v saccaroz chng t lin kt glucozit c to thnh t C s 1 ca Dgalactoz vi C s 6 ca D glucoz. T suy ra mt lin kt glucozit cn li phi c to thnh t C s 1 ca Dglucoz phi lin kt vi C s 2 ca frutoz, iu ny hon ton ph hp vi vic thu phn bng men invecta (men thu phn saccaroz) cho Dfructoz v isaccarit melebioz. Vy t ta c th suy ra cu to ca rafinoz nh di y: CH2OH HO O OH OH O CH2 O HOH2C OH OH OH O CH OH HO O 2 OH C u to ca rafinoz

3.14/ Trong mt ong c mt cht ng khng c tnh kh l melexitoz c cng thc phn t l C18H32O16. Khi thu phn hon ton cho Dfructoz v Dglucoz. Khi thu phn khng hon ton cho Dglucoz v isaccarit turanoz. Khi thu phn bng men khc cho saccaroz Khi metyl ha ri thu phn cho cc sn phm l: 1,4,6triOmetylDfructoz v 2 phn t 2,3,4,6tetraOmetylDglucoz T cc d kin trn, hy lp lun suy ra cu to ca melexitoz. Gii: ng melexitoz c cng thc phn t C18H32O16, khi thu phn cho D fructoz v Dglucoz chng t n l mt trisaccarit c to thnh t 2 monosaccarit ni trn. Khi metyl ha ri thu phn cho cc sn phm l 1,4,6triOmetylD fructoz v 2 phn t 2,3,4,6tetraOmetylDglucoz, chng t phn t D fructoz to 2 lin kt glucozit C s 2 v s 3 vi 2 phn t Dglucoz. Mi phn t glucoz u to lin kt glucozit C s 1. Khi thu phn khng hon ton cho Dglucoz v isaccarit turanoz. Khi thu phn bng men khc cho saccaroz chng t 2 phn t Dglucoz u dng Dglucoz.
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Bi tp Ha hc hu c i hc Vy t ta c th suy ra cu to ca melexitoz nh di y: OH CH2OH O HOH2C

OH HO OH O O O OH OH HO O C u to ca melexitoz CH2OH CH2OH

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Bi tp Ha hc hu c i hc CHNG IV: AMINOAXITPROTEIN 4.1/ Tm cc ng phn aminoaxit c cng thc phn t C4H9O2N (ch vit vi nhm amin bc nht). Gi tn chng theo danh php IUPAC. Ch r cc ng phn hot ng quang hc v biu din tng cp i quang bng cng thc chiu Fischer. 4.2/ tng hp cc aminoaxit, ngi ta chn mt anehit tc dng vi axit malonic trong dung dch amoniacru. Da trn phng php ny, hy tng hp axit aminovaleric. Gii: CH CH CHONH3 CH CH CH OH H CH(COOH)2 3 2 3 2 NH2 CO2 CH3 CH2 CH CH(COOH)2 CH3 CH2 CH CH2COOH NH2 NH2 4.3/ Lp s tng hp L(+)alanin t L()serin: COOH COOH H2N H H2N H CH2OH CH3 L-(-)-serin L-(+)-alanin Gii:
COOH COOCH3 COOCH3 COOH CH3OH PCl 5 1/ NaOH H N H2N H H3N H H3N H H 2 HCl 2/ H2, t o CH2OH CH2OH CH2Cl CH3 L-(-)-serin L-(+)-alanin

4.4/ Hai ng phn A v B c cng thc phn t C9H11O2N, chng u tan c trong axit v kim. Khi A v B tc dng vi NaNO2 trong HCl thu c 2 cht tng ng A/ v B/ u c cng thc C9H10O3, trong ch c B/ c tnh quang hot. Khi un nng A/ v B/ u thu c mt cht c cng thc phn t C9H8O2. Khi oxi ha tip cht ny th thu c axit terephtalic v CO2. Hy xc nh cng thc cu to ca A, B v vit cng thc Fischer ca cp i quang. Gii: Hp cht c cng thc phn t C9H8O2 (X), khi oxi ha thu c axit terephtalic v CO2 nn X phi c cng thc cu to l: CH2 CH COOH (X) X c to thnh t A/ v B/, ng thi B/ c tnh quang hot nn cng thc cu to ca A/ v B/ l: * HO CH2 CH2 COOH CH3 CH COOH OH (A') (B')
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Bi tp Ha hc hu c i hc T gi thit v kt qu trn, ta c th suy ra cng thc cu to ca A v B l: * H N CH CH COOH CH CH COOH

2 2 2 3

(A)

NH2

(B)

Cng thc chiu Fischer cp i quang ca B nh sau:

COOH

COOH

H2N

H CH3 (S)

NH2 CH3 (R)

4.5/ Tin hnh Naxetyl ha cc aminoaxit c th dn n sn phm vng gi l 5 oxazolon hay azlacton theo phn ng sau: R
(CH3CO)2O + H2N CH COOH R CH3COONa N C O

O H3C Hy vit c ch cho s hnh thnh azlacton trong iu kin .

Gii:
(CH3CO)2O + H2N CH COO R CH3COONa CH3COOH

R C H N

O O

O CH3

R C N C CH3

O O OH

R C N C CH3

O OH O

4.6/ tng hp aminoaxit, trc ht c th cho glyxin tc dng vi anhirit axetic thu c 5oxazolon hay azlacton (C4H5O2N). Sn phm ngng t ny phn ng vi anehit trong mi trng baz cho mt dn xut d b thu phn ha, hiro ha v
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Bi tp Ha hc hu c i hc thu phn thu c mt aminoaxit RCH2CH(NH2)COOH t anehit l RCHO (S thu phn ch n thun l cng nc, sau axit axetic c to ra). Theo cch trn, hy vit cc phn ng to thnh phenylalanin. Gii: Trc ht to sn phm azlacton nh bi (4.5) nh sau: O C
O C CH3 Azlacton ny c nhm CH2 vi 2 nguyn t H linh ng (nhm metylen linh ng) nn d ngng t croton ha vi anehit to ni i C=C: O Ph CH O C C N C C CH3 CH3 4.7/ Hy vit cc giai on c bn tng hp peptit t aminoaxit. Ly v d minh ho cho mi giai on. 4.8/ Vit cng thc cu to ca cc peptit sau: a/ GlyLysPheCysAlaNH2. b/ TreIleMetLeuNH2. 4.9/ S thoi phn peptit theo Edman l phng php phan tch cho aminoaxit c lin kt cui m khng ph hu mch peptit cn li. Peptit u c x l vi phenylisothioxianat C6H5N=C=S, tip theo cho phn ng vi axit to phenylthiohiantoin v mt peptit vi phn cn li t hn mt aminoaxit. Hy vit cc giai on c th ca phng php ny. Gii: Phng php Edman: Phn tch nhm amin cui mch Cho peptit tc dng vi phenyl isothioxianat, khi nhm NH2 t do s phn ng, sau thu phn vi hiroclorua trong dung mi hu c, khi lin kt peptit vn c bo ton v ch c aminoaxit th b phn ct dng vng phenylthiohiantoin. Tch ly sn phm v phn tch bng sc k. Qu trnh tip tc n khi phn ct hon ton peptit. Ph NH C S NH2 NH Ph R CH Ph R CH N NH2 C O N C S O C C S C O HCl R CH + Website: http://ngocbinh.webdayhoc.net Email: bi.hpu2@gmail.com NH R C N NH C O R CH R CH H H C O C O Phenylthiohi antoin O Ph CHO H2O N H O 1/ 2 Ph CH2 CH COOH 2/ H2O NH2 N

Bi tp Ha hc hu c i hc

4.10/ T cc cht protein thc vt, ngi ta tch ra c mt cht Y c cng thc phn t C5H10O3N2. Kt qu nghin cu chng t rng Y c cha 1 nhm amino. Khi un nng Y vi dung dch kim thy gii phng NH3 v to thnh mui ca axitaminoicacboxylic c cng thc phn t C3H5(NH2)(COOH)2. Khi tin hnh phn ng thoi phn Hoffman dn xut axetyl ca Y ri thu phn s to ra axit ,iaminobutyric. T cc d kin trn, hay suy ra cng thc cu to ca Y v vit phng trnh phn ng minh ho. Gii: Khi tin hnh phn ng thoi phn Hoffman dn xut axetyl ca Y ri thu phn s to ra axit ,iaminobutyric, chng t dn xut axetyl ca Y phi c cng thc cu to nh sau: HOOC CH CH2 CH2 C NH2 NHCOCH3 O T kt qu trn v gi thit chng t cng thc cu to ca Y nh sau:
HOOC CH CH2 CH2 C NH2 (Glutamin) O NH2

Phng trnh phn ng: T vit 4.11/ Xc nh cng thc cu to ca cht c cng thc phn t C3H7O2N v cc d kin sau: C tnh cht lng tnh. Khi phn ng vi HNO2 tch ra nit. Khi tc dng vi etanol to thnh hp cht C5H11O2N. Khi un nng n to thnh hp cht C6H10O2N2. Gii: p s: CH3 CH COOH NH2 4.12/ Xc nh cng thc cu to ca cht c cng thc phn t C5H11O2N v cc d kin sau: C tnh cht lng tnh. Tc dng vi etanol to thnh hp cht c cng thc phn t C7H15O2N. Khi ung nng s tch ra NH3 v chuyn thnh hp cht m khi oxi ha n s to thnh axeton v axit oxalic. Gii: p s: CH3 CH3 C CH2 COOH NH2 Website: http://ngocbinh.webdayhoc.net Email: bi.hpu2@gmail.com

Bi tp Ha hc hu c i hc

4.13/ Lp s iu ch: a/ Valin t isobutanol b/ Alanin t etilen c/ Axit3aminopropanoic t axetilen Gii: a/ S dng phng php Stricker HCN,NH3 [O] CH3 CH CH CN CH3 CH CH2 OH CH3 CH CHO CH3 NH2 CH3 CH3
H2O, H CH3 CH CH COOH CH3 NH2

[O] HCN,NH3 b/ CH2 CH2 HOH CH3 CH2 CH3 CHO CH3 CH CN OH NH2 H2O, H CH3 CH COOH NH2

c/ CH CH HCl CH2 CH Cl KCN CH2 CH CN HBr Br CH2 CH2 CN peroxit NH3 H2N CH2 CH2 CN H2O, H H2N CH2 CH2 COOH

4.14/ Hon thnh cc s phn ng sau: NH3 A HCl A PCl 5 A (CH3CO)2O A a/ CH3 CH CHO HCN A 1 2 3 4 5 lo ng CH3 NH un nng B b/ CH CH CH COOH HBr B 2 3 B HCl B
2 2 1 2 3 4

n C c/ CH2 CH2 HOCl C1 KCN C2 HBr C3 NH3 C4thu ph 5

d/ CH3 CH CH COOH HBr D1 KCN D2 4[H] D3

Gii: a/ CH3 CH CHO HCN CH3 CH CH CN NH3 CH3 CH CH CN HCl lo ng CH3 CH3 OH CH3 NH2 (A2) (A1)
(CH3CO)2O PCl 5 CH3 CH CH COOH CH3 CH CH COCl CH3 CH CH COCl CH3 NH2 CH3 NH2 CH3 NHCOCH3 (A5) (A ) (A3) Website: http://ngocbinh.webdayhoc.net Email: bi.hpu2@gmail.com 4

Bi tp Ha hc hu c i hc

b/
CH2 CH CH2 COOH HBr CH3 CH CH2 COOH Br (B1) 2NH3 CH3 CH CH2 COONH4 NH2 (B2)

un nng CH CH CH COOH HCl CH CH CH COOH 3 2 3 (B4) NH2 (B3)

NH3 c/ CH2 CH2HOCl CH2 CH2 KCN CH2 CH2HBr CH2 CH2 OH Cl OH CN Br CN thu ph n CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 NH2 CN NH2 COOH d/ CH3 CH CH COOH HBr CH3 CH CH2 COOH KCN (D1) Br CH3 CH CH2 COOH 4[H] H2N CH2 CH CH2 COOH (D2) CN CH3 (D3)

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Bi tp Ha hc hu c i hc CHNG V: POLIME 5.1/ Trnh by c ch trng hp stiren khi dng xc tc khc nhau l: a/ Benzoylperoxit b/ AlCl3 + HCl c/ KNH2 5.2/ Hy gii thch ti sao khi polime ha propen theo c ch cation li cho polime c s sp xp u ui l ch yu m khng phi l u u hoc ui ui. 5.3/ Nhng cht no c th cho vo caosu thin nhin to ra lin kt ngang? Hy ly mt vi v d minh ho cho phn ng xy ra. Gii: C th c 3 loi cht cho thm vo cao su to lin kt ngang 1/ Dng lu hunh nguyn t Sx CH2 C CH CH2 CH2 C CH CH + S x-1 CH3 CH3 SH m ch cao su thin nhin CH2 C CH CH CH2 C CH CH CH2 C CH CH CH S 3 CH3 SH CH3 S + ZnO Sx Zn H2O SH ZnS S S CH2 C CH CH CH2 C CH CH CH2 C CH CH CH3 CH3 CH3 S ni mch xy ra nguyn t H so vi ni i hoc cng lu hunh vo ni i to mng khng gian. 2/ Lu ha bng hp cht cho lu hunh (Khng phi l lu hunh nguyn t) Ankylphenol polisunfit iisopropyl xantogenisunfit ibutyl xantogenisunfit imocfolinyl isunfit Cc hp cht ny khi un nng s sinh ra cc hp cht trung gian c cha lu hunh, cc hp cht trung gian ny s tn cng vo ni i ca mch polime trong iu kin nhit cao ri khu mch polime nh cc lin kt ngang. CH3 CH2 C CH2 CH2 S S CH2 C CH2 CH2 SH CH3 CH2 C CH2 CH2 CH3 CH3 CH2 C CH2 CH2 S
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CH2 Email: C CHbi.hpu2@gmail.com 2 CH2 CH3

Bi tp Ha hc hu c i hc

3/ Lu ha khng bng lu hunh hay hp cht cha lu hunh. l nhng hp cht d phn tch thnh gc t do v cc hp cht hu c 2 chc. i vi cao su thin nhin hay s dng icumel peroxit, pcrezolcn i vi cao su tng hp th hay dng hiro peroxit, icumel peroxit, ch peroxit Cch to lin lit ngang nh sau: u tin l tch hiro t mch i phn t ca caosu. Hiro b tch ra nhm metylen so vi lien kt i. N to thnh gc t do trong i mch, ri cc i ch lin kt trc tip vi nhau to thnh lin kt CC. V d vi caosubunaS peroxit, t o CH CH CH CH CH CH CH CH CH CH CH CH
2 2 2 2 2

C6H5

C6H5

CH2

C6H5 CH CH CH CH CH2

CH2

C6H5 CH CH CH CH CH2

CH2 CH CH CH CH CH2 C6H5

CH2 CH CH CH CH CH2 C6H5

Ngoi 3 phng php nu trn, i vi caosu tng hp cn c th un nng trc tip nhit 200OC trong vng 12 gi trong mi trng khng c oxi cng to lin kt ngang CC. ng thi cng c th dng tia (vi ngun Co60) cng to lin kt ngang CC. 5.4/ Cho cc monome sau y, hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng trng hp iu ch polime tng ng. Gi tn cc polime . a/ Butaien1,3 b/ Isopren c/ Propilen d/ Acrylonitrin e/ Clopren f/ Metylmetacrylat g/ Stiren h/ vinylclorua i/ Teflon k/ Etilen l/ Acrylamit m/ Axit acrylic 5.5/ T than , vi, nc, nc bin; hy lp s tng hp cc polime sau:
CH2 CH ; C6H5 CH2 CH ; Cl CH2 CH ; OH CH2 CH CH CH2 ; CH2 CH C CH2 Cl ;

5.6/ Vit phng trnh phn ng to thnh polime t cc monome sau: a/ Phenol v fomanehit b/ Etylenglicol v axit terephtalic c/ Ure v fomanehit d/ Hexametylen iamin v axit aipic e/ H2N(CH2)6NH2 v ClCO(CH2)10COCl f/ H2N(CH2)6NH2 v O=C=N(CH2)4N=C=O Cc phn ng trn thuc loi phn ng trng hp hay trng ngng.
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Bi tp Ha hc hu c i hc 5.7/ Trnh by c ch ca phn ng trng hp gc. Cc yu t nh hng n tc phn ng v khi lng phn t ca polime. 5.8/ Hy tm cch tng hp mt polieste v mt poliamit t anhirit sucxinic v cc tc nhn thch hp khc.
O O O anhi rit sucxinic

Gii:
O O + HO CH2 CH2 OH O H[ O CH2 CH2 O C CH2 CH2 C ]OH O O

+ H2N (CH2)6 NH2 O

H[ NH CH2 CH2 NH C CH2 CH2 C ]OH O O

5.9/ Mt nilon c iu ch t xiclohexanon bng cch x l vi hiroxylamin, sau cho vo axit mnh. Monome c polime ho nhit trn 250OC v c bit c mt t nc. Vit cc phn ng xy ra. Gii: O N OH O H2N OH chuy n v [ C (CH2)5 NH ] NH n H2O Beckmann O nilon-6 hay t caprolactam caprolactam Phn ng to polime l phn ng trng hp m vng vi xc tc l mt t nc. 5.10/ V mt l thuyt, c th c bao nhiu ng phn polibutaien, bao gm c ng phn cu to v ng phn cu hnh. Gii: cis1,4polibutaien trans1,4 polibutaien isotactic1,2 polibutaien syniotactic1,2 polibutaien atactic1,2 polibutaien S kt hp bt k ca dn 1,2 vi dng 1,4 5.11/ Stiren c polime ha nhanh chng khi un nng vi s c mt ca peroxit. Vit c ch cho giai on pht trin mch. Gii thch ti sao phenylaxetilen khng b polime ha trong iu kin tng t. Gii: Phenylaxetilen khng b polime ha trong iu kin tng t v gc to thnh l C6H5 C CH R
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Bi tp Ha hc hu c i hc Gc loi vinyl km bn hn so vi gc loi ankyl, v vy gc ny pht trin mch khng tt. 5.12/ Khi nghin cu cu to ca caosu thin nhin, ngi ta tin hnh ozonphn. S ozon phn s cho nhng sn phm chnh no? Bit rng n c thnh phn phn t l (C5H8)n hay:[CH2C(CH3)=CHCH2]n Kt qu phn tch Rnghen cho thy caosu thin nhin c cu hnh cis. Hy v mt on mch phn t caosu . Gii: Khi ozon phn thu c sn phm chnh l anehit levulinic: CH3 C CH2 CH2 CHO O (Theo kt qu nghin cu ca Harit t nm 1905) Ngoi ra cn thu dc mt s sn pm ph vi lng nh nh:HCHO, CH3CHO, CH3COCHO chng t mch polime l mch h (Stauiger1922) vi nhm cui mch l: CH3CH= v CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2. Ngoi ra cn c anehit sucxinic OHCCH2CH2CHO chng t c mt lngnh isopren c s kt hp 4-4 (uiui) vi nhau. 5.13/ Tm cc phng php tng hp cc polime sau: [ CH2 CH ] [ CH2 CH ] [ CH2 CH2 S ] n n n OH CH3 Gii: 1/ Vinilon t o [ CH CH ] + nCH3COONa [ CH2 CH ] + nNaOH 2 n n OCOCH3 OH
[ CH2 CH ] + nHOH n ONa to [ CH2 CH ] + nNaOH n OH

CH2 O R

] + nHOH O n

to [

CH2 CH ] + nRCHO 2n OH

2/ Polipropilen
nCH2 CH CH3 Tr.h [ CH2 CH ] n CH3

[ Cl

CH2 CH ] + [H] n CN

LiAlH4, H2O

CH2 CH ] + nNH3 n CH3

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CH2 CH Cl + 2nNa CH3

CH2 CH ] + 2nNaCl n CH3

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Bi tp Ha hc hu c i hc
nCH3 CH3 Tr.h [ CH2 CH CH CH2 CH3 CH3 ]

3/ Polietylenthioglicol n CH2 CH2 Tr.h [ S

nCl CH2 CH2 Cl

CH2 CH2 S ] n + nNa2S

[

CH2 CH2 S ]n + 2nNaCl

nHS CH2 CH2 SH

CH2 CH2 S ] n + nH2S

5.14/ Phng trnh Carothers: Cch thit lp, ngha. im to gel l g? Khi no th phn ng trng ngng cn bng khng to c im gel?

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