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AMIN
I. Khi nim
Khi thay th mt hay nhiu nguyn t hiro trong phn t NH 3 bng mt hay nhiu gc hirocacbon ta c amin. Th d: CH3 NH2 ; CH3 NH CH3 ; CH3 N CH3 ; CH2 = CH CH2NH2 ; C6H5NH2
| CH3

II. Phn loi

1. Theo c im cu to ca gc hirocacbon
Amin thm (th d: anilin C6H5NH2), amin bo (th d: etylamin C2H5NH2), amin d vng (th d: piroliin):

2. Theo bc ca amin
CH3CH2CH2NH2
Amin bc mt

NH

CH3CH2NHCH3
Amin bc hai

(CH3)3N
Amin bc ba

III. Danh php

- Tn gc - chc: tn gc + amin - Tn thay th: tn nhnh + tn mach chnh + s ch + amin Vi amin bc II v III: N-tn nhnh + tn mch nhnh + tn mch chnh + s ch-amin Tn gi ca mt s amin Hp cht CH3NH2 C2H5NH2 CH3CH2CH2NH2 CH3CH(NH2)CH3 H2N[CH2]6NH2 C6H5NH2 C6H5NHCH3 C2H5NHCH3 Phenylamin Metylphenylamin Etylmetylamin Tn gc chc Metylamin Etylamin Propylamin Isopropylamin Tn thay th Metanamin Etanamin Propan 1amin Propan 2amin Hexan-1,6-iamin Benzenamin N-Metylbenzenamin N-Metyletan-1-amin Hexametyleniamin Anilin N-Metylanilin N-Metyletanamin Tn thng

IV. Tnh cht ha hc

1. Tnh baz
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[CH3CH2CH2NH3]+ + OH CH3CH2CH2NH2 + H2O CH3NH2 + HCl [CH3NH3]+Cl

metylamin metylamoni clorua
+ C6H5NH2 + HCl C6 H5 NH3 Cl-

phenylamoni clorua

Nhm ankyl c nh hng lm tng mt electron nguyn t nit do lm tng lc baz; nhm phenol (C6H5) lm gim mt electron nguyn t nit do lm gim lc baz. Lc baz : R N H2 H N H2 C 6 H5 N H2
.. .. ..

2. Phn ng vi axit nitr

C2H5NH2 + HONO C2H5OH + N2 + H2O Anilin v cc amin thm bc mt tc dng vi axit nitr nhit thp (0 5OC) cho mui iazoni : C6H5NH2 + HONO + HCl C6 H5N2 Cl + 2H2O
benzeniazoni clorua
0 5o C

3. Phn ng ankyl ho
C2H5NH2 + CH3I C2H5NHCH3 + HI

4. Phn ng th nhn thm ca anilin

V. iu ch
1. Thay th nguyn t H cua phn t amoniac
+CH3I NH3 -HI H3C NH2 +CH3I -HI H3C NH CH3 -HI +CH3I H3C N CH3 CH3

2. Kh hp ch t nitro
Anilin va cac amin thm thng c i u ch b ng cach kh nitrobenzene (ho c dn xu t nitro tng ng) bi hidro mi sinh nh tac du ng cua kim loa i (nh Fe , Zn) vi axit HCl.
Fe + HCl
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a ch: s 6, l A1, tiu khu Ngc Khnh, Ba nh, H Ni Email: bgtt.vn@gmail.com website: www.baigiangtructuyen.vn Fanpage: http://www.facebook.com/baigiangtructuyen.vn; Hotline: 0462734948

C6H5NO2

+ 6H

C6H5NH2

2H2O

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