Model Verbs (ng t khim khuyt)

c im chung c ! ng t khim khuyt (Mod!l "erbs) Khng c TO nguyn mu v khng c TO khi c ng t theo sau. They can speak F ench an! "ng#ish. Khng c $ ngi th% &a s' (t th) *i+n t,i. *e can use ou phone. -h. c nhi/u nh0t # 1 th)2 Th) *i+n t,i v th) 3u4 kh% 5n. $he can cook mea#s. $he cou#! cook mea#s 6hen she 6as t6e#ve. T ong nh7ng t 89ng h:p kh4c ta s; !<ng nh7ng ng t t85ng 85ng. =>ikipe!ia2 ?n the "ng#ish #anguage@ mo!a# ve &s a e a type oA auBi#ia y ve &. The key 6ay to i!entiAy a mo!a# ve & is &y its !eAectiveness@ in othe 6o !s@ it has neithe a pa ticip#e no an inAinitive. ?n a!!ition@ mo!a# ve &s !o not take the inA#ection Cs o Ces in the thi ! pe son singu#a @ un#ike othe ve &s. ?A a ve & is p ece!e! &y mu#tip#e auBi#ia y ve &s inc#u!ing a mo!a#@ as in Dit cou#! have &een eaten@D the mo!a# 6i## a#6ays appea &eAo e the othe auBi#ia y ve &s. E ve & o auBi#ia y ve & Ao##o6ing a mo!a# a#6ays appea s in its &asic Ao m =Ao eBamp#e@ Dcou#! have goneD instea! oA Dcou#! ha! goneD o Dcou#! has goneD@ an! D*e cou#! 6a#kD athe than Dhe cou#! 6a#ksDF. E## "ng#ish mo!a# auBi#ia ies a e !eAective in that they cannot &e conGugate! th oughout the Au## ange oA Ao ms that a e no ma# Ao a ve &. Fo eBamp#e@ none oA the mo!a# auBi#ia ies have inAinitivesH hence it is impossi&#e to say e.g. DI? 6ant to can speak F enchD. ?n these ci cumstances@ a#te native eBp essions a e use! to ep#ace the mo!a#@ e.g. D? 6ant to &e a&#e to speak F ench.D $ome p ete ite Ao ms may &e use! 6hen eAe ing to situations seen A om the pe spective oA an ea #ie time. Fo eBamp#e@ 6ou#! is o igina##y the past tense oA 6i##@ an! it can sti## &e use! in that sense. The statement DJeop#e think that 6e 6i## a## &e ! iving hove ca s &y the yea 1KKKD@ spoken in the LMNKs@ can &e ep esente! aAte 1KKK &y ep#acing the ve &s in ita#ics &y the app op iate p ete ite Ao ms2 D?n the LMNKs@ peop#e thought 6e 6ou#! a## &e ! iving hove ca s &y the yea 1KKK.D Oike6ise@ D? can !o thatD may &ecome D? cou#! !o that 6hen ? 6as younge @ &ut not anymo e.DF #$% -EP # mt ng t khiQm khuyRt @ n ch. c 1 th) *i+n t,i v 3u4 kh% 5n. Ph7ng h)nh th%c kh4c ta !Sng ng t t85ng 85ng &e a&#e to. -EP cTng c thU 8:c !Sng nh8 mt t : ng t U h)nh thnh mt s' c4ch ni ing. L. -EP v -OVOW c nghXa # Yc thUZ@ !i[n t\ mt kh\ n]ng =a&i#ityF. -an you s6im^ $he cou#! i!e a &icyc#e 6hen she 6as Aive yea s o#!. 1. T ong v]n ni =co##o_uia# speechF@ -EP 8:c !Sng thay cho `Ea U !i[n t\ mt sb cho phcp =pe missionF v thU phd enh -EPPOT 8:c !Sng U !i[n t\ mt sb c0m o4n =p ohi&itionF.

?n Oon!on &uses you can smoke on the uppe !eck@ &ut you canft smoke !o6nstai s. g. -EP cTng !i[n t\ mt i/u c thU B\y Rn =possi&i#ityF. T ong chu hii v chu c\m th4n -EP c nghXa # j?s it possi&#ek^f -an it &e t ue^ ?t su e#y canft &e Aou ofc#ock a# ea!yl m. -EPPOT 8:c !Sng U !i[n t\ mt i/u kh c thU B\y a =vi tua# impossi&i#ityF. *e canft have misse! the 6ay. ? eBp#aine! the oute ca eAu##y. n. Khi !Sng voi ng t t i gi4c =ve &s oA pe ceptionF -EP cho mt p nghXa t85ng 85ng voi th) TiRp !i[n =-ontinuous TenseF. Oistenl ? think ? can hea the soun! oA the sea. =khng !Sng ? am hea ingF #&'() L. -OVOW # th) _u4 kh% 5n cda -EP. $he cou#! s6im 6hen she 6as Aive. 1. -OVOW cqn 8:c !Sng t ong chu i/u ki+n. ?A you t ie!@ you cou#! !o that 6o k. g. T ong c4ch ni thhn mrt@ -OVOW 8:c Bem nh8 nhi/u t(nh ch0t #ech sb h5n -EP. -an you change a 1KC!o##a note Ao me@ p#ease^ -ou#! you te## me the ight time@ p#ease^ m. -OVOW 8:c !Sng U !iUn t\ mt sb ng9 vbc hay mt #9i ph\n kh4ng nhs nhng. *is sto y cou#! &e t ue@ &ut ? ha !#y think it is. ? cou#! !o the Go& to!ay@ &ut ?f! athe put it oAA unti# tomo o6. n. -OVOW C >E$t>"u" EvO" TO aF PRu hnh ng !i[n t\ mt kh\ n]ng@ mt kiRn th%c@ -OVOW 8:c !Sng th89ng h5n >E$t>"u" EvO" TO. *e hu t his Aoot@ an! he cou#!nft p#ay in the match. The !oo 6as #ocke!@ an! ? cou#!nft open it. &F PRu chu ni hm p mt sb thnh cng t ong vi+c thbc hi+n hnh ng =succee!e! in !oingF th) >E$t>"u" EvO" TO 8:c s; !<ng ch% khng ph\i -OVOW. ? Ainishe! my 6o k ea #y an! so 6as a&#e to go to the pu& 6ith my A ien!s. M$* + M,-./ L. `Ea v !,ng _u4 kh% `?w*T !i[n t\ sb Bin phcp@ cho phcp =pe missionF. `ay ? take this &ook^ C aes@ you may. $he aske! iA she might go to the pa ty. 1. `Eat`?w*T !Sng !i[n t\ mt kh\ n]ng c thU B\y a hay khng thU B\y a. ?t may ain. *e a!mitte! that the ne6s might &e t ue. g. WSng t ong chu c\m th4n `Eat`?w*T !i[n t\ mt #9i cxu chyc. `ay a## you ! eams come t uel T ong c4ch !Sng ny c thU Bem `Ea nh8 mt #o,i vng Th4i c4ch =$u&GunctiveF. m. `Eat`?w*T !Sng t ong m+nh / theo sau c4c ng t hope =hy vzngF v t ust =tin t8ngF. ? t ust =hopeF that you may Ain! this p#an to you satisAaction. *e t ust =hope!F that 6e might Ain! the p#an to ou satisAaction. n. `Eat`?w*T !Sng thay cho mt m+nh / t ,ng ng7 ch. sb nh8:ng & =a!ve & c#auses oA concessionF. *e may &e poo @ &ut he is honest. =Though he is poo kF T y as he may@ he 6i## not pass the eBamination. =Though he t ies ha !kF

T y as he might@ he cou#! not pass the eBamination. =Though he t ie! ha !kF N. `Eat`?w*T th89ng 8:c !Sng t ong m+nh / t ,ng ng7 ch. m<c (ch =a!ve & c#auses oA pu poseF. T ong t 89ng h:p ny ng89i ta cTng th89ng !Sng -EPt-OVOW U thay cho `Eat`?w*T. $he 6as stu!ying so that she might ea! "ng#ish &ooks. {. `?w*T =khng !Sng `EaF i khi 8:c !Sng t ong chu U !i[n t\ mt #9i t 4ch m|ng c t(nh h9n !}i =petu#ant ep oachF. aou might #isten 6hen ? am ta#king to you. =Om 5n 4ng m #|ng nghe ti niF aou might t y to &e a #itt#e mo e he#pAu#. =Om 5n 4ng m ti a c (ch mt chytF ~. T ong t 89ng h:p cxn thiRt ng89i ta !Sng &e a##o6e! to@ pe mitk tSy theo p nghXa cxn !i[n t\ U thay cho `Ea v `?w*T. ? sha## &e a##o6e! to go to the pa ty. M'0/ `V$T # mt ng t khiQm khuyQt v ch. c h)nh th%c hi+n t,i. L. `V$T c nghXa # Yph\iZ !i[n t\ mt m+nh #+nh hay mt sb &|t &uc. aou must ! ive on the #eAt in Oon!on. 1. `V$T &ao hm mt kRt #urn 85ng nhin@ mt c4ch gi\i th(ch !uy nh0t h:p #p theo p nghX cda ng89i ni. E e you going home at mi!night^ aou must &e ma!l aou have 6o ke! ha ! a## !ayH you must &e ti e!. g. `V$T POT =`V$TPfTF !i[n t\ mt #+nh c0m. aou mustnft 6a#k on the g ass. m. Khi mu'n !i[n t\ thU phd enh cda `V$T voi p nghXa Ykhng cxn thiRtZ ng89i ta s; !<ng P""W POT =P""WPfTF. `ust ? !o it no6^ C Po@ you nee!nft. Tomo o6 6i## &e soon enough. n. -EPPOT =-EPfTF 8:c !Sng #m phd enh cda `V$T khi `V$T !i[n t\ p nghXa kRt #urn 85ng nhin@ mt c4ch gi\i th(ch !uy nh0t h:p #p theo p nghX cda ng89i ni nh8 / crp t ong iUm 1 t n hy. ?A he sai! that@ he must &e mistaken. ?A he sai! that@ he canft &e te##ing the t uth. N. `V$T v *E" TO aF *E" TO !Sng thay cho `V$T t ong nh7ng h)nh th%c m `V$T khng c. >e sha## have to hu y iA 6e a e going to catch the t6e#ve ofc#ock t ain. &F *E" TO khng thU thay thR `V$T khi `V$T mang p nghXa kRt #urn 85ng nhin@ mt c4ch gi\i th(ch !uy nh0t h:p #p theo p nghX cda ng89i ni nh8 / crp t ong iUm 1 t n hy. Pg89i ta ph\i !i[n t\ &ng nh7ng c4ch kh4c. *e must &e ma!. =? pe sona##y thought that he 6as ma!F cF `V$T v *E" TO /u c thU !Sng U !i[n t\ sb c8ng &4ch@ &|t &uc =compu#sionF. Tuy nhin `V$T mang p nghXa sb c8ng &4ch Rn t ng89i ni t ong khi *E" TO mang p nghXa sb c8ng &4ch Rn t hon c\nh &n ngoi =eBte na# ci cumstancesF aou must !o 6hat ? te## you. Jassenge s must c oss the #ine &y the & i!ge. =O+nh cda -<c 89ng $|tF Jassenge s have to c oss the #ine &y the & i!ge. =) khng cqn 89ng no kh4cF 0.$(( + 0.&'()

L. $*EOO c thU #2 `t t : ng t giyp h)nh thnh th) T85ng #ai =$imp#e Futu eF ngi th% nh0t s' (t. ? sha## !o 6hat ? #ike. `t ng t khiQm khuyQt. Khi # ng t khiQm khuyQt $*EOO !i[n t\ mt #9i h%a =p omiseF@ mt sb _u\ _uyRt =!ete minationF hay mt m'i e !za =th eatF theo p nghX cda ng89i ni. ?A you 6o k ha !@ you sha## have a ho#i!ay on $atu !ay. =p omiseF *e sha## suAAe Ao thisH he sha## pay you 6hat he o6es you. =th eatF These peop#e 6ant to &uy my house@ &ut they shanft have it. =!ete minationF 1. $*OVOW 8:c !Sng t ong nh7ng t 89ng h:p sau2 Om mt ng t khiQm khuyQt c nghXa # YnnZ v t85ng 85ng voi ought to. aou shou#! !o 6hat the teache te##s you. Jeop#e 6ho #ive in g#ass houses shou#! not th o6 stones. =p ove &F WSng thay cho must khi khng mu'n !i[n t\ mt p nghXa _u4 &|t &uc voi must. `em&e s 6ho 6ant tickets Ao the !ance shou#! app#y &eAo e $eptem&e Lst to the $ec eta y. WSng thay cho th) *i+n t,i vng th4i =p esent su&GunctiveF. 1,(( + 1&'() L. >?OO c thU #2 `t t : ng t. WSng #m t : ng t >?OO giyp h)nh thnh th) T85ng #ai =simp#e Autu eF. `t ng t khiQm khuyQt. Khi # mt ng t khiQm khuyQt >?OO !i[n t\ mt sb mong mu'n =6i##ingnessF@ mt #9i h%a =p omiseF hay mt sb _u\ _uyRt =!ete minationF. E## ightH ? 6i## pay you at the ate you ask. =6i##ingnessF ? 6onft Ao get #itt#e `a ga etfs &i th!ay. ? 6i## sen! he a p esent. =p omiseF T ong c4ch !i[n t\ sb _u\ _uyRt =!ete minationF c\ $*EOO #n >?OO /u c thU s; !<ng nh8ng m}i t mang mt nghXa ing. oi $*EOO@ sb _u\ _uyRt # ng89i ni. oi >?OO@ sb _u\ _uyRt chd t =su&GectF cda ng t. $o s4nh hai th( !< sau2 =aF weo ge sha## go out 6ithout his ove coat. =&F weo ge 6i## go out 6ithout his ove coat. chu =aF@ ng89i ni nh0t enh &|t weo ge ph\i i a ngoi m khng 8:c mc 4o kho4c. chu =&F weo ge nh0t enh i a ngoi m khng thm mc 4o kho4c. 1. >OVOW c thU #2 `t t : ng t. >OVOW giyp h)nh thnh mt T85ng #ai t ong _u4 kh% =Autu e in the pastF hay c4c th) t ong chu i/u ki+n. *e sai! he 6ou#! sen! it to me@ &ut he !i!nft. ?A she 6e e he e@ she 6ou#! he#p us. *e 6ou#! have &een ve y happy iA he ha! kno6n a&out it. Khi !Sng nh8 mt ng t khiQm khuyQt@ >OVOW !i[n t\ mt thi _uen t ong _u4 kh%. oi nghXa ny@ >OVOW c thU !Sng thay cho use! to. "ve y !ay he 6ou#! get up at siB ofc#ock an! #ight the Ai e. &'-./ /& + )$23 + %33) ng t khiQm khuyQt OVw*T TO OVw*T TO # mt ng t khiQm khuyQt ch. c th) *i+n t,i =simp#e p esentF. P c nghXa # YnnZ@ gxn gi'ng voi shou#!. T ong hxu hRt c4c t 89ng h:p OVw*T TO c thU 8:c thay thR &ng shou#!.

They ought to =shou#!F pay the money. *e ought to =shou#!F &e ashame! oA himse#A. L. OVw*T TO cTng !Sng U !i[n t\ mt sb gxn yng@ 0t c thU yng =st ong p o&a&i#ityF. ?A E#ice #eAt home at M2KK@ she ought to &e he e any minute no6. 1. OVw*T TO c thU !Sng t ong t85ng #ai voi c4c t B4c enh th9i gian t85ng #ai nh8 tomo o6@ neBt Tues!ayk Ou team ought to 6in the match tomo o6. g. OVw*T POT TO *E" past pa ticip#e !i[n t\ mt sb khng t4n ng v/ mt hnh ng #m t ong _u4 kh%. aou ought not to have spent a## that money on such a thing. ng t khiQm khuyQt WEu" WEu" c nghXa # Y!4m@ c\ ganZ c thU 8:c Bem nh8 mt ng t khuyRt #n ng t th89ng. Khi # mt ng t khiQm khuyQt@ n c xy d c t(nh cda #o,i ng t ny. Wa e he go an! speak to he ^ =ng t khiQm khuyQtF aou !a enft c#im& that t ee@ !a e you^ =ng t khiQm khuyQtF *e !oesnft !a e to ans6e my #ette . =ng t th89ngF $he !i!nft !a e to say a 6o !@ !i! she^ =ng t th89ngF Thnh ng7 ? !a esay c nghXa # Yc thU@ c #Z ng nghXa voi c4c t pe haps@ it is p o&a&#e. Thnh ng7 ny th89ng khng !Sng voi chd t no kh4c ngoi ngi th% nh0t. *e is not he e yet@ &ut ? !a esay he 6i## come #ate . ng t khiQm khuyQt P""W - hai ng t P""W2 mt ng t th89ng v mt ng t khiQm khuyQt. Khi # ng t khiQm khuyQt P""W ch. c h)nh th%c *i+n t,i v c xy d c t(nh cda mt ng t khiQm khuyQt. P c nghXa # Ycxn ph\iZ@ t85ng tb nh8 have to. ) thR n cTng 8:c Bem # mt #o,i phd enh cda must. Pee! he 6o k so ha !^ aou nee!nft go yet@ nee! you^ - mt i/u cxn nho # ng t khiQm khuyQt P""W khng !Sng thU B4c enh. P ch. 8:c !Sng thU phd enh v nghi v0n. Khi !Sng thU B4c enh n ph\i 8:c !Sng voi mt t ng7 phd enh. aou nee!nft see him@ &ut ? must. ? ha !#y nee! say ho6 much ? enGoye! the ho#i!ay. '03) /& ng t khiQm khuyQt V$"W TO V$"W TO # mt h)nh th%c ng t c &i+t. P c thU 8:c Bem nh8 mt ng t th89ng hay mt ng t khiQm khuyQt t ong vi+c h)nh thnh thU phd enh v thU nghi v0n. aou use! to #ive in Oon!on@ use!nft you^ *e use!nft to smoke as much as he !oes no6. *e !i!nft use to smoke as much as he !oes no6. Wi! you use to c#im& the o#! t ee in the ga !en^ Pgy nay ng89i ta c khuynh h8ong !Sng !i! v !i!nft U #rp thU phd enh v thU nghi v0n cho V$"W TO. T ong nhi/u t 89ng h:p thU phd enh c thU 8:c h)nh thnh &ng c4ch s; !<ng neve . aou neve use! to make that mistake. V$"W TO 8:c !Sng U ch. mt hnh ng #in t<c@ kco !i@ #p i #p #,i t ong _u4 kh% m nay khng cqn n7a.

Jeop#e use! to think that the ea th 6as A#at. oi th) 3u4 kh% 5n ng89i ta ch. &iRt hnh ng B\y a. oi V$"W TO ng89i ta th0y 8:c t(nh ch0t kco !i cda hnh ng 0y. *e 6as my c#assmate. =khng t ong th9i gian &ao #huF *e use! to &e my c#assmate. =t ong mt th9i gian kh4 #huF Jhhn &i+t V$"W TO v mt s' h)nh th%c kh4c L. V$"W TO inAinitive2 hnh ng #in t<c t ong _u4 kh% 1. =&eF V$"W TO .ing2 _uen voi mt vi+c g) g. =getF V$"W TO .ing2 #m _uen voi mt vi+c g). *e use! to 6o k siB !ays a 6eek. =Po6 he !oesnftF ?t took my & othe t6o 6eeks to get use! to 6o king at night. Po6 hefs use! to it.