Bai Giang HT Bao Ve Role - Thuy Dien Ban Ve

H THNG RLE BO V
NH MY IN & TRM BIN P
B mn H thng in i hc Bch khoa H Ni
10/6/2013
Ging vin: TS. Nguyn Xun Tng

tunghtd@gmail.com
Ni dung
2
Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN
Phn 01:
Tng quan rle k thut s ca hng ABB

Phn 02:
Phn 03: Phn 04: Phn 05:
Cc nguyn l bo v c bn
Rle k thut s RET 521 Rle k thut s REG 216
Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Rle k thut s REL 561
Phn 06:
Phn 07:
Rle k thut s REB 670

Tnh ton thng s chnh nh
Phn 01
Tng quan rle k thut s ca hng ABB
c im
4
Lm vic tin cy, giao din & truy cp thun tin Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Tch hp: bo v, iu khin & o lng Chun truyn thng: IEC 61850; IEC 608705-103; DNP 3, MODBUS v PROFIBUS. Pht trin t nhng nm 1900 Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN
1905: Rle thng mi u tin
Phn mm CAP h tr
Qun l{ Ci t Phn tch s c
Qu trnh pht trin

5
Rle in c: lch s hn 100 nm Rle tnh (bn dn): t nhng nm 1960

Rle vi b vi x l{: 1980

B vi x l{ thc hin thut ton Lc tn hiu: loi tng t
REG 100
Rle hon ton k thut s: 1986

RELZ 100 (bo v khong cch)
RELZ 100
Qu trnh pht trin

6
Hp b bo v h 500 (500 series) Gii thiu t nm 1994 Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Ghp ni ca cc modun ring l
Modun u vo Modun chuyn i tn hiu A/D Modun vi x l{; modun ngun dc/dcNguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Modun truyn tin (v d cho cc bo v so lch)...
Modun ring l:
Tng tin cy ni chung Linh hot trong cu hnh Gim chi ph u t
Qu trnh pht trin

7
Cc hp b tiu biu h 500 REL 501, 511, 521: hp b khong cch cho li trung p & Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN truyn ti (511, 521) REL 531: bo v khong cch tc ng nhanh Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN REL 551 & 561 (1994): so lch dc
Truyn tin k thut s
RET 521 (1998): thi gian tc ng ti a ch 21ms

My bin p cng sut ln My bin p t ngu 1 hoc 3 pha T my pht my bin p ni b Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Cc b OLTC...
Qu trnh pht trin

8
Giai on hin ti Pht trin sang th h 670 Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN K tha thut ton t h 316 & 500 Tc x l{ ci thin ng k Tun theo chun kt ni IEC61850 Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN ng b thi gian theo tn hiu GPS Giao din thn thin:
Hin th s mt si D dng truy cp
Phn 02
Bin dng in v bin in p phc v mc ch bo v rle
1.1
10
My bin dng in
Tn gi chung: BI, CT, TI Nhim v:
Bin i t l dng in s cp th cp (5A hoc 1 A) Cch ly mch s cp v th cp Nguyn l{ hot ng To s phi hp dng in gia cc pha Is cp*ws cp = Ith cp*wth cp
BI cao p
CT: Current Transformer (ting Anh)
BI h p
S nguyn l{
1.1
11
My bin dng in
S thay th
Zcun th cp
Vth cp
BI l tng
Sai s ca BI xut hin do tn ti ca dng t ha in p xut hin pha th cp Vth cp=Ith cp*(Zcun th cp+Zdy dn ph + Zthit b ni vo) Ti tng Vth cp tng tng dng t ho Ie tng sai s ca BI
1.1
12
My bin dng in
c tnh t ha ca BI Quan h gia dng in t ha cn thit (Ie) sinh ra mt in Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN p h mch V in p im gp VK
(Knee-point) Vng bo ha
Vng lm vic tuyn tnh
im gp VK:
L mt im trn ng cong t ha Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK T : tng in p ln thm 10% cn tngHN dng t ha 50%
1.1
13
My bin dng in
c tnh t ha ca BI Th nghim xc nh c tnh t ha

B to dng
BI
Bng kt qu
1.1
14
My bin dng in
Qui c cc tnh
Cn thit vi : bo v lm vic da theo Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN hng dng in. Cc tnh cng tn c nh du : hnh sao, chm trn, chm vung... Trn bn v: cc tnh cng tn v cnh Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN nhau.
Xc nh nhanh cc tnh BI:

Coi chiu dng in i t pha s cp qua rle khng i chiu
Rle
1.1
15
My bin dng in
Qui c cc tnh
1.1
16
My bin dng in
Hin tng h mch th cp BI Gy qu in p nguy him
H mch Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN BI l tng
o o
H mch th cp: ton b dng s cp lm nhim v t ha li t Li t b bo ha

1.1
17
My bin dng in
Hin tng h mch BI Dng sng in p u ra ca BI khi h mch

1.1
18
My bin dng in
Hin tng h mch BI C cu ni tt mch dng khi tho thit b nh th

Rle, ng h Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN o... Rle, ng h o...

1.1
19
Thng s ca my bin dng in

Ti danh nh & Cp chnh xc Mt BI: c nhiu cun th cp - phc v cc mc ch khc Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN nhau. Ti danh nh v chnh xc ca cc cun th cp ny tuz thuc vo loi ti. Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Cc dng c o (kW, KVar, A, kWh, kVArh):
Yu cu chnh xc trong ch ti bnh thng hoc nh mc. Phm vi hot ng chnh xc trong khong 5120% ca dng in chnh xc thng l: 0.2 hoc 0.5 vi chun IEC Hoc 0.15 hoc 0.3 hoc 0.6 vi chun IEEE.
1.1
20
Thng s ca my bin dng in

So snh BI dng cho o lng bo v rle

Hng mc so snh dng cho o lng Nguyn Xun Tng B BI mn H thng in HBK HN Phm vi hot ng chnh xc Li t (0,051,2)x Inh mc
(o dng ti bnh thng hoc qu ti cho php)
BI dng cho bo v rle ti (10-20-30)x Inh mc

(m bo o c dng s c)
Bo ha nhanh bo v in p bo ha cao hn Nguyn Xun Tng cc dng c o khi s c, (VK) B mn H thng in HBK HN (kh b bo ha) dng intng cao chnh xc cao
0.2 hoc 0.5 vi chun IEC 0.15 hoc 0.3 hoc 0.6 vi chun IEEE
chnh xc
chnh cc thp hn
5P hoc 10P theo chun IEC
Thit b ni ti
kW, KVar, A, kWh, kVArh
Rle, b ghi s c
1.1
21
V d thng s ca my bin dng in

BI cho o lng

BI cho bo v rle
nh mc xc
Cng sut nh mc Cp chnh
Cng sut Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN xc Cp chnh
C thm thng s ALF: h s gii hn dng in theo chnh xc
30VA Cp chnh xc 0,5
5P20 30VA
Cp chnh xc 5P
Cng sut nh mc 30VA
Cp chnh xc 0,5 Cng sut nh mc 30VA
P: dng cho mc ch bo v rle (Protection)
H s gii hn dng: 20
Ti 20 ln dng nh mc, BI vn m bo sai s theo tiu chun
1.1
22
My bin dng in cp X
Dng cho mc ch c bit

Bo v so lch thanh gp

C rt nhiu BI Cc BI phi c cng c tnh lm vic gim dng khng cn bng
Bin dng cp X: thng s c cho chi tit hn

Dng nh mc Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN T s bin in p im gp VK Dng in kch t ng vi in p im gp in tr ln nht cho php pha mch nh th
1.1
23
My bin dng in
Tm hiu thng s ca BI
Vi mc ch bo v rle 5P20 30VA
1.1
24
My bin dng in
Thc t, mi BI c th c:
1 hoc 2 cun th cp - Mc ch o lng Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN 2 ti 4 cun th cp - ng dng bo v rle.
Cun s cp
Cc cun th cp
1.1
25
My bin dng in
Thit k BI ph bin Li t v cun dy nm trong thng cha thp gn vi t Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN (Dead tank type), dy th cp chy un theo hnh ch U Li t v cun dy nm trong thng cha pha trn nh (Live tank type), dy th cp thng chy thng qua li t. Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Loi hn hp
1.1
26
My bin dng in
BI loi thng cha bn di (Dead tank)

Trng tm thp, n nh v mt c kh
C th ch to vi li t loi to m khng gy qu ti v mt c kh i vi s cch in Dy s cp c chiu di ln nn gy pht nng nhiu hn hn ch v dng n nh nhit (ln nht 63kA/1 giy)
1.1
27
My bin dng in
BI loi thng cha bn trn (Live tank)

Dy dn s cp ngn, gim pht nhit Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN C dng nh mc v dng n nh nhit cao hn Trng tm cao hn, km n nh v mt c kh so vi loi thng cha di (dead tank) Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Khi ch to vi li t ln c th gy ti trng ln v mt c kh i vi s cch in. Kh lm mt cc cun th cp
Loi hn hp
1.1
28
B lc dng inth t khng (I0)

Nguyn l:
Ia+Ib+Ic=3I0
V rt gn
Dng 3 BI ring bit

Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK I a HN
Ib 3I0 Ic
a b c 0
Role
Nguyn Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN I + I Xun + I = 3I

Role
Do s dng 3 BI ring bit nn s c sai s gia cc BI ch bnh thng, pha s cp l i xng: lun c dng in chy qua rle do sai s ca BI
Ch s dng o dng chm t ln dng mng in c dng chm t ln: Nguyn tip B mn H thng in HBK HN mng in trung tnh niXun tTng trc
1.1
29
B lc dng inth t khng (I0)

Dng BI th t khng (Flux Summation CT hoc Core Balance CT)

Bin dng c mt li t hnh xuyn Nguyn Xun phn Tng b B mn H thng in HBK HN Cun dy c u trn li Dy dn s cp chy xuyn qua li t (ng knh trong 1025 cm)
u sai
u ng
1.1
30
My bin dng in
BI th t khng u ng: dy ni t v cp chy xuyn qua li t

Rle
V kim loi ca cp
BI0
1.1
31
My bin dng in
BI th t khng Ngc li - u sai: dy ni t v cp khng chy xuyn qua li Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN t Dng in chy qua v cp c th trit tiu dng in s c (hon ton hoc mt phn): rle c th khng nhn c thng Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN tin s c.
Rle V kim loi ca cp
BI0
1.1
32
My bin dng in
u ni BI lc thnh phn TTK

ng dng ca BI th t khng

Do ch s dng mt li t sai s o lng rt nh S dng cho cc mng in c dng chm t nh (mng in c trung tnh cch in hoc ni t qua cun dp h quang)
Do c 3 pha chy qua li t ng knh li t ln kch thc BI ln thch hp trang b vi ng cp hoc u cc my pht in
1.1
33
ng dng thc t ca BI th t khng

Bo v chng chm t nhy cao (Aptomat chng git)

Ngun cp
Cun ht ca Aptomat Nt bm th nghim in tr mch th nghim Cun dy mch th nghim Cun ly tn hiu dng chm t (dng so lch)
Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Ti
(VD:Bnh nng lnh)
S c chm v (chm t)
1.2
34
My bin in p
Nhim v
Bin i t l in p s cp sang in p th cp theo tiu chun Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN (100V hoc 110V) Cch ly mch s cp v cc thit b, ngi vn hnh bn th cp
Qui c cc tnh
Cc tnh cng tn c nh du : hnh sao, chm Nguyn Xun Tng Btrn, mn H chm thng in HBK HN vung... Trn bn v: cc tnh cng tn v cnh nhau.
1.2
35
My bin in p (BU)
in p danh nh s cp v th cp
BU ngoi tri thng s dng in p pha:
in p danh nh ca cun s cp l in p danh nh ca li in.
ng dng o lng: phm vi in p lm vic: 80120% ng dng bo v rle: t 0.05 1.5 hoc 1.9 ln in p danh nh.
1.2
36
My bin in p (BU)
BU kiu t phn p
BU loi cm ng in t thng thng

La chn kinh t nht i vi cp in p ti 145kV
BU kiu t phn p (CVT Coupled Voltage Transformer)

La chn khi dng cp cao p Thng c s dng kt hp vi h thng thng tin ti ba PLC
u cao p
K{ hiu trn s
T phn p
Mch dp dao ng cng hng
in khng b
u raHN Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK

BU cm ng thng thng
1.2
37
My bin in p (BU)
Cu trc BU kiu t phn p

1. 2. 5. 7. Bnh gin du Cc t phn p in khng b BU loi cm ng thng thng (in p thp)
Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN
8.
u cc cao p
1.2
38
My bin in p (BU) Tham kho

BU kiu t phn p in khng b: c tnh ton trit tiu thnh phn dung Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN khng ca t phn p
Tng tr ngun nhn t pha ti l xp x 0 cng sut u ra ly ra ln nht B dch pha do t phn p gy ra Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN
Mch gim dao ng cng hng: l in tr ti, c th ni cun tam gic h
1.2
39
My bin in p (BU)
Cc loi BU H s gii hn in p Vf
Khi xy ra s c trong HT: Upha c th tng ln ti mt gi tr l Vf ln Udanh nh. Tiu chun IEC a ra cc gi tr h s Vf nh sau:

1.9 i vi cc h thng c trung tnh khng trc tipH thng in HBK HN Nguyn ni Xunt Tng B mn 1.5 i vi cc h thng c trung tnh ni t trc tip
Li t ca cc bin in p khng c php bo ho khi in p tng ti cp in p gii hn theo h s Vf.
1.2
40
My bin in p (BU)
Cp chnh xc theo tiu chun IEC 60044-2

s gii hn Cp Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng Sai in HBK HN chnh xc Ti % ti nh Ti % in p Sai s ln Sai s gc pha
mc nh mc % (pht) Phng th nghim
ng dng
o m chnh xc
o m tiu chun Chun ha dng c o trong cng nghip ng h o Bo v rle Bo v rle Vf: H s gii hn in p
Cng sut danh nh (cos=0,8)
10, 15, 25, 30, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500 VA
My bin in p (BU)
41
B lc in p TTK (U0)
Dng 3 BU loi mt pha
S cp
Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Th cp
My bin in p (BU)
42
B lc in p TTK (U0)
Dng BU loi 3 pha 5 tr
in p TTK ly ra t cun tam gic h

A B C N

A B C
S cp
Thc cp
3V0 o c in p th t khng: o Phi c ng dn cho t thng TTK o Cn thm 2 tr (khng qun dy) o Trung tnh cun s cp phi ni t (nu khng s ch o c thnh phn hi bc 3)
1.2
43

B lc in p TTK (U0) Chn t s bin p cho cun tam gic h

Trung tnh cch in
T s bin c th l:
1.2
44

B lc in p TTK (U0) Chn t s bin p cho cun tam gic h

Trung tnh ni t trc tip
Vect in p khi xy ra s c chm t mt pha trong mng c trung tnh ni t trc tip
T s bin c th l:
45
Phn 03
Cc nguyn l{ bo v trong HT
46
Nguyn l{ bo v qu dng in
2.1
47
Nguyn l{ bo v qu dng c thi gian

Bo v qu dng (I> hoc 50 & 51):

Chng li cc dng s c qu dng mt pha, hai pha & ba pha v s c Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN chm t.
Bo v khi ng khi:
Nguyn Xun Tngvt B mn H thng in HBK Dng in ca mt pha, hai pha hoc c ba pha qu mt gi trHN c ci t trc trong rle.
C th lm vic vi thi gian tr m bo tnh chn lc Thi gian tr c th l c lp so vi dng in hoc ph thuc Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN vo dng in hai loi c tnh thi gian tc ng
2.1
48

Bo v qu dng vi c tnh thi gian c lp:

Thi gian lm vic (tr) ca bo v khng ph thuc vo ln dng Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN ngn mch
Thi gian lm vic
tlm vic khng i theo dng in
Ikhi ng
Iqua rle
2.1
49

Bo v qu dng vi c tnh thi gian ph thuc:

Thi gian lm vic: ph thuc t l nghch vo ln ca dng in Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN ngn mch Trong thc t th thi gian tc ng t l vi t s Ingn mch/ Ikhi ng
2.1.2 Tnh
50
ton thi gian lm vic

m bo tnh chn lc gia cc bo v bng phn cp thi gian Tn gi: bo v qu dng lm vic c thi gian (I> hay 51) Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Nguyn tc:
Khi c s c c th nhiu bo v cng khi ng Tuy nhin, bo v gn ch s c nht s phi tc ng trc
N2
I> 1
I> 2
S c ti N2: BV2 khi ng & BV1 c th cng khi ng cng m thi gian BV2 phi tc ng loi tr s c, BV1 khi s tr v t thi gian Nguyn Xunc Tng B vit mn H thng in HBK HN tBV2<tBV1 hoc th tBV1=t BV2 + t
2.1.2 Tnh
51
ton thi gian lm vic

BV2 phi tc ng loi tr s c, BV1 khi s tr v t thi gian tBV2<tBV1 hoc c th vit tBV1=tBV2 + t Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBKtnh HN ti cc yu t: Bc phn cp thi gian t=0.3 0.6 giy
Sai s thi gian ca rle: rle khng th vn hnh chnh xc ng theo c tnh l{ thuyt xy dng Thi gian ct my ct: do nh sn xut cung cp Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Thi gian qu tc ng ca rle (overshoot): l hin tng rle c ngt in nhng vn tip tc vn hnh thm mt khong thi gian rt ngn na.
L do: cc rle vn cn lu tr nng lng: vi rle c th a quay c qun tnh, rle tnh vn cn nng lng tch ly trong t in Sai s ca bin dng: cc BI c sai s rle vn hnh nhanh hn hoc chm hn (nu rle s dng c tnh c lp th khng cn xt ti yu t ny). Thm mt phn thi gian d tr
Nu nhiu phn on: lm tng loi trHN s c ca cc bo v Nguyn Xun Tng B thi mn Hgian thng in HBK gn ngun nhc im
S dng c tnh ph thuc
2.1.3 La
52
chn c tnh lm vic

Phi hp cc bo v bng c tnh ph thuc

Phc tp hn
I>
I> 2
I> 3
3 Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Nguyn L (km)
C nhiu loi c tnh ph thuc

Khc nhau v dc (mc ph thuc)
Standard Inverse (SI): dc tiu chun Very Inverse (VI):Nguyn rt dc Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Extremely Inverse (EI): cc kz dc
2.1.3 Tnh
53
ton thi gian lm vic Tham kho

Phm vi s dng ca cc c tnh ph thuc

Standard Inverse (SI): c tnh dc bnh thng
S dng trong hu ht cc trng hp cn phi gia cc bo v
Very Inverse (VI): c tnh rt dc
S dng khi ln dng in s c dc ng dy cn bo v thay i mnh. Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN
Extremely Inverse (EI): c tnh cc dc

Thi gian tc ng t l nghch vi bnh phng ca dng in. ng dy mang cc ti c dng khi ng t bin thi im u v d nh t lnh, my bm, ng c ln... Phi hp vi cc cu ch hoc cc thit b t ng li.
2.2
54
Nguyn l{ bo v qu dng ct nhanh (50 hay I>>)

Nguyn tc: m bo tnh chn lc bng phn cp dng in S c ti phn on no: ch bo v ti c php khi ng
Cc bo v khng cn phi hp thi gian Thi gian tc ng t xp x 0 giy (thng t 50 80ms) tn gi: bo v qu dng ct nhanh (50 hay I>>) Do cch chn lc bng dng in Nguyn dng in khi ng tnh theo: Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Ik=Kat*Ingn mch ngoi vng max (H s Kat=1,1 1,2)
Khng bo v c ton b i tng khng s dng lm bo v chnh
2.2
55
Nguyn l{ bo v qu dng ct nhanh (50 hay I>>)

Vng c bo v ct nhanh
Ik=Kat*Ingn mch ngoi vng max (H s Kat=1,1 1,2) Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Dng ngn mch gim dn khi im ngn mch i xa ngun ln dng ngn mch ph thuc vo ch ca h thng V ng cong biu din dng ngn mch Inmax & Inmin dc ng dy
I>
IN
1 Ik BV1
I> 2
Inmax Lct nhanh min
Lct nhanh min=0
Ik BV2 Inmax
Lct nhanh max
L(km)
Lct nhanh max
2.4
56
Bo v qu dng c kha in p thp (51&27)

Tn gi khc 51V L{ do s dng

ng dy di
Dng ngn mch cui

ng dy nh Bo v khng nhy Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Dng khi ng
Mang ti nng
ca bo v ln
Ik= Kat* Kmm *Ilv max Ktv
S dng thm khu phn bit gia s c v qu ti bng in p (kha in p thp)

Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Khi s c: in p gim thp hn Khi qu ti (nng): in p vn nm trong ngng cho php
2.4
57
Bo v qu dng c kha in p thp (51&27)

Tn gi khc 51V
Khng c kha in p (51)
C kha in p thp (51 & 27)

Ct MC
Ct MC
I>
Gi tr khi ng
Ilv max
I>
Ilv max
BU
U<
Kat* Kmm Ktv *Ilv bnh thng ng nh hn
Ik=
Kat* Kmm Ktv *Ilv max
Ik=
Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng HBKkhi HN o in Dng
o nhy cao hn
2.5
58
Bo v qu dng th t khng (I0> hay 51N)

S dng b lc dng in th t khng Tnh ton dng khi ng

ch bnh thng:

Ia
Ib
V l{ thuyt: dng qua rle bng 0 I a + I b + I c = 3I0 Thc t: do cc BI c sai s dng in qua rle khc 0 Role rle khng tc ng: t dng khi Nguyn ng ln hn dng in sinh ra do sai Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN s ny Gi tr ci t: Ikhi ng 51N=(0,10,3)Inh mc BI
Ic
Ch s c: dng in qua rle tng gp nhiu ln bo v tc ng Do gi tr khi ng t thp bo v c nhy cao
Thi gian lm vic: Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN

Phi hp vi cc bo v qu dng th t khng khc
Phn bit chc nng I> & I>> (51 & 50)
59
Bo v qu dng
Khi ng khi: Ingn mch >Ikhi ng
Bo v qu dng c thi gian (I> hay 51)
Bo v qu dng ct nhanh (I>> hay 50)
Dng khi ng tnh theo dng

lm vic ln nht (Ilvmax)
Dng khi ng tnh theo dng

ngn mch ngoi ln nht (In ngoi max)
Khi xy ra s c c th c bo
v ti ch v bo v pha trn cng khi ng hp phn cp thi gian (t)
Khi xy ra s c: ch bo v ti
phn on s c khi ng
(ct nhanh)
m bo tnh chnNguyn lc: phi Khng cn phi hp thi gian Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN C th dng lm bo v chnh Khng bo v c ton b i
tng ch l bo v d phng
V d: bo v qu dng cho mt ngn l

60
A
B
C
I> I>>
I> I>> I0> I0>>
I> I>>
S c chm t mt pha N(1)

V d: bo v qu dng cho mt ngn l

61
A
B
C
S c hai pha N(2)
I> I>>
I> I>> I0> I0>>
I>
I>>
Nguyn l{ bo v qu dng c hng (67)

62
Xt li in cp ngun t hai pha

N1
HT1
I> 1
2 I>
I> 3
4 I>
I> 5
6 I>
HT2
tBV3<tBV2
S c xy ra ti N1: c th BV3 & BV2 khi ng

m bo chn lc: yu cu BV3 tc ng trc BV2 phi t tBV3<tBV2
S c xy ra ti N2: c th BV2 & BV3 khi ng

N2
HT1
I> 1
2 I>
I> 3
4 I>
I> 5
6 I>
HT2
tBV3>tBV2
m bo chn lc: yu cu BV2 tc ng trc BV3 phi t tBV2<tBV3 Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN
Mu thun: khng th ci t thi gian cho cc bo v

63
Gii php: s dng bo v qu dng loi c nh hng Bo v qa dng c hng ch tc ng khi:

Dng in chy qua bo v theo hng qui nh (hng dng thng qui c t thanh gp ng dy) + Dng in vt qua gi tr khi ng ca bo v
I>
I> = I> + W
C th phn chia ra 2 nhm bo v
HT1
I> 1
2 3 B mn H I> Xun I> 4thng I> 5HN I> in HBK Nguyn Tng
6 I>
HT2

64
V phng din bo v rle: ng dy hai ngun cp hai mch hnh tia

HT1
I> 1
2 I>
I> 3
4 I>
I> 5
6 I>
HT2
HT1
I> 1
I> 3
tBV3=tBV5 + t 1
I> 5
tBV5 0,5
tBV1=tBV3 + t 1,5
2 I>
4 I>
6 I>
HT2
0,3
tBV2
0,8 tBV4=tBV2+ t
1,3 tBV6=tBV4 + t

65
Kim tra s lm vic ca bo v:

N1
HT1
I> 1 1,5
2 I> 0,3
I> 3 1
4 I> 0,8
I> 5 0,5
6 I> 1,3
HT2
N2
HT1
I> 1 1,5
2 I>
I> 5 1 Tng B mn H thng 0,3 Xun 1,3 0,8 in0,5 Nguyn HBK HN 4 I>
I> 3
6 I>
HT2
S u ni b nh hng
66
B nh hng cng sut:

c u ni m bo: rle c Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN nhy vNguyn tc ng ng trong mi trng hp. S u ni tiu chun i vi cc rle s v rle tnh l s 900, chi tit Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN phng thc u ni nh sau: Dng in t mt pha in p dy ca hai pha cn li
Gi thit cos=1 hay =00 th in p tham chiu v dng in to vi nhau gc 900 chnh l tn gi ca s
S u ni b nh hng
67
L{ do chn in p l i lng tham chiu:

Khi xy ra s c ba pha: in p gim thp, nu s dng in p pha Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN th rle Nguyn nh Xun hng c th khng nhy, s dng in p dy s tng c gi tr in p a vo rle. Khi xy ra s c pha-pha v d gia pha 1 & 2: in p U12 c th rt thp (c th bng 0 nu s c gn bo v) rle nh hng khng Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN nhy, trong khi in p U23Nguyn vn cn ln phi s dng in p dy vi pha khng s c cn li lm in p tham chiu.
68
Nguyn l{ bo v so lch dng in (Bo v so lch c hm)
Nguyn l{ bo v so lch dng in

69
So snh tng dng in i vo & i ra ca i tng c bo v: tng dng in ny khc 0 bo v tc ng.

Thit b
Irle=
Bnh thng
Ch bnh thng:
Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Dng in chy qua rle nh hnh v Dng chy qua rle: l dng chnh lch do sai s ca BI cc pha
Nguyn l{ so lch dng in

70
Ch s c ngoi vng:
Dng in l dng s c c gi tr ln sai s BI ln hn Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Phn b dng in tng t ch bnh thng Dng in chy qua rle s ln chnh nh rle khng tc ng dng khi ng ln, gim nhy
Vng bo v: gii hn bi v tr t ccXun BI Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Nguyn
Thit b
S c ngoi

71
Ch s c trong vng:
Dng in chy qua rle bng tng dng hai pha c gi tr ln Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN rle s tc ng ngay
S c trong vng
Irle=
Thit b

72
Tng kt:
Thit b HN Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK
Irle=
Irle=
Irle=
Bnh thng
S c ngoi
S c trong
Dng in chy qua rle l do sai s BI
Dng in chy qua rle l tng dng s c
Bo v so lch c hm
73
Bo v rle so lch thng thng cc rle c th tc ng nhm do:

Sai s ln ca cc BI khi ngn mch ngoi Chuyn u p...
Bo v so lch c hm: hot ng da theo t hp ca hai loi dng in so lch (Isl) & hm (Ih): Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN
S c ngoi vng: dng hm c gi tr ln dng so lch nh S c trong vng: dng hm nh - Dng so lch ln.
Bo v so lch c hm
74
T hp dng in cho bo v rle so lch c hm

S dng cc bin dng trung gian (BITG) Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN T hp thm ra dng in hm (Ih)
Bo v so lch c hm
75
T hp dng in cho bo v rle so lch c hm

Vit phng trnh cn bng sc t Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN ng cho cc BITG
BITG2 I1*w1-I1*w1=Isl*w2 BITG1 I1*w3+I2*w4=Ih*w5
Chn w1=w2 Isl=I1 - I2
Chn w3= w4= w w5=2*w

h HN1 Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng inhHBK
Ih=0,5*( I1 + I2)
Tng qut: I =K *(I +I2) Kh: h s hm, c th iu chnh thay i theo s vng cun w5
Bo v so lch c hm
76
Bng cch s dng BI trung gian, c th to ra t hp Xt s vn hnh Bo v so lch c hm

I sl =( I1 I 2 ) Ih K h ( I1 I 2 )
I1
100% (I1+I2)
1 2 Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN
100% (I +I )
Isl
I1
I2
Ih=Kh* (I1+I2)
Ih=Kh* (I1+I2)
Isl
(I )> (I ) bo v khng tc ng
h Xun sl Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Nguyn
I2
(Ih)< (Isl) bo v tc ng
Ch bnh thng hoc s c ngoi
Ch s c trong vng
Bo v so lch c hm
77
La chn h s hm
Tng h s hm (Kh): rle Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN hm ttNguyn nhy tc ng ca rle km i. Hiu ng ngc li khi gim h s hm 100% (I1+I2)
Isl
I1
1 2 Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN
100% (I +I )
H s hm c th c iu chnh bng cch thay i s vng dy cun w5.
Ih=Kh* (I1+I2) Ih=Kh* (I1+I2) Isl
I2
Bo v so lch c hm
78
Rle c: h s hm l c nh Rle s: h s hm t ng thay i theo ch vn hnh

d
c a b
a: dng so lch ngng thp d: dng so lch ngng cao

c tnh lm vic ca rle bo v so lch - Loi in c Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN
c tnh lm vic ca rle bo v so lch - Loi s dng k thut s -
Vn ni t BI vi bo v so lch
79
Ni t BI
Bo v so lch MBA
Bo v so lch MF

BI trung gian
Rle c

BI trung gian
Rle s
Bo v so lch c hm
80
Ni t BI
Bo v so lch tng tr cao

Rle
81
Nguyn l{ bo v so lch tng tr cao
Nguyn l{ bo v so lch tng tr cao (87H)

82
Bo v so lch c th tc ng nhm khi BI b bo ha

V d hin tng bo ha ca cc BI vi bo v thanh gp
Bo ha
Vng bo v
Vng bo v
S c trong vng bo v
S c ngoi vng bo v

83
L do s dng 87H
Vi cc rle so lch tng tr thp: trng hp rle b bo ha hon Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN ton th d rle c c trang b hm nhng vn c kh nng tc ng nhm Nguyn l lm vic ca bo v so lch tng tr cao m bo lm vic tin cy trong trng hp xu nht: BI b bo ha hon ton. Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Vi BV thanh gp th hin tng bo ha BI cng d xy ra do:
Ti ca cc BI khng ging nhau mt BI c dng s c tng chy qua v dng s c ny s phn chia qua cc BI cn li. BI trung tnh v BI pha mang dng khc nhau trong ch s c mc bo ha khc nhau. D gp hin tng bo ha my bin dng
Vi bo v REF hin tng xy ra tng t:

84
S thay th khi BI b bo ha Dng khi tnh ton bo v so lch tng tr cao Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Khi BI b bo ha:
Dng u vo tng cao Dng u ra c dng xung nhn gi tr hiu dng rt nh Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Nh vy: c th coi l c dng uNguyn vo Xun BI nhng khng c dng u ra dng u vo khp mch qua nhnh t ha tng ng vi vic tng tr nhnh t ha gim rt thp, coi nh xp x bng 0
Zs cp Zth cp
X=0
BI l tng
S thay th khi BI b bo ha

85
Xt s n gin: thanh gp ch gm hai ngn l

Bo ha
BI1
Zs cp
Zth cp
Zth cp
Zs cp
BI2
BI1
L tng
X>>0
X=0
BI2
L tng
Gi tr rt ln (coi l h mch)
Gi tr xp x 0 (ni tt)

86
Xt s n gin: thanh gpch gm hai ngn l

Zs cp Zth cp Zth cp Zs cp Zth cp Zth cp
BI1
L tng
BI2
L tng
I R>> Rle so lch tng tr cao
Nhnh song song
BI b bo ha: khng c dng th cp BI cn li: dng cp ra khp mch qua rle v tng tr th cp BI b bo ha c dng qua rle rle s tc ng (tc ng sai) Gii php: hn ch dng qua rle bng cch ghp ni tip mt in tr c gi tr ln rle so lch tng tr cao

87
Yu cu i vi BI
Cc BI c cng t s bin Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Nn s dng bin dng cp X BI chn s c th s dng nu cc cun dy BI thuc loi qun phn in p im gp V b u (Knee-point) Cc BI nn c cng thit k Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN in tr cun th cp BI nn chn nh nht c th Khng nn ni cc thit b khc ti li dng cho 87H in p im gp Vk phi ln hn t nht 2 ln in p khi ng ca rle:
K
Nu in p Vk chn thp hn: khi c s c BI s sinh ra in p c th khng ln lm rle tc ng (chn ln hn 2 ln m bo nhy ti thiu l Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN 2)

88
Hot ng vi s c ngoi
BI l tng: khng bo ha
BI b bo ha
Bo v so lch c hm
89
Ni t BI
Bo v so lch tng tr cao


90
Phm vi p dng Cc trng hp d xy ra bo ha BI
Bo v so lch thanh gp Bo v chng chm t hn ch (bo v so lch th t khng 87N)

87H
91
Nguyn l{ bo v so snh pha dng in

92
Bo v so lch dng in (87)

Rle trao i thng tin v ton b dng sng dng in ang o c Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Cn c ch t ng b tn hiu

ng b thng qua ng h GPS ng b thng qua ng h my ch T ng b gia cc rle (v d: s dng c ch ping-pong)
Bo v so snh pha dng in (87PC)

Rle ch trao i thng tin v pha dng in Ch trao i cho nhau hai trng thi: dng in ang chu kz m hay dng (logic 0 v 1) Vi cc rle hin i: so snh ring bit ba pha (cp quang) Khi s dng knhNguyn truyn bng thng thp (v d: ti ba PLC): Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN

S dng cc thnh phn i xng Hoc t hp cc thnh phn i xng theo t l nht nh

93
Nguyn l so snh pha

0 0
khng trng khp
khng trng khp
1 0
trng hon ton
trng hon ton
S c ngoi vng bo v
S c trong vng bo v

94
Cc yu t nh hng
ch non ti hoc khng ti: dng in dung c th lm bo v tc Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN ng nhm
Gii php: s dng b phn pht hin s c (phn t qu dng) khi ng truyn tin.
Vi cc rle k thut s: sai s v gc pha do vic ly mu tn hiu Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Do nh hng ca dng in dung: gc ci t cho BV so lch pha phi tng ln
BV so lch pha ch nn p dng cho ng dy ti 400km.
Tnh ti dao ng gc pha do nh hng ca dao ng in
95
Nguyn l{ bo v tng tr thp (Bo v khong cch)
Nguyn l{ hot ng
96
Bo v khong cch da trn cc gi tr dng in v in p ti im t rle xc nh tng tr s c

Nu tng tr s c ny nh hn gi tr tng tr ci t trong rle th rle s tc ng rle tng tr thp Z< (hoc 21)
Tng tr gm hai thnh phn R & X: thun tin phn tch s s dng mt phng tng tr biu din s lm vic ca bo v khong cch jX
ZD
Nguyn l{ hot ng
97
Xt s n gin:
Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Tnh ton tng tr rle o c trong Nguyn cc ch Bnh thng: jX ZR(bt)=ZD+Zph ti ZD
ZD+Zpt ZD
Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN 100%Z D
Zpt R
im lm vic lc bnh thng
Nguyn l{ hot ng
98
Xt s n gin:
Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Tnh ton tng tr rle o c trong Nguyn cc ch S c: v d ti 50% ng dy: jX im ZR(sc)=ZDs c=50%ZD < ZD
im s c di chuyn vo ng tng tr ng dy
50%ZD
im lm vic khi s c
lm vic lc bnh thng
ZD ZD+Zpt R
Nguyn l{ hot ng
99
c tnh lm vic ca rle khong cch
im lm vic lc bnh thng v khi s c: khi s c im lm vic Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN lun ri vo ng tng tr ng dy c th ch cn ch to c tnh tc ng ca rle l mt ng thng trng vi ng tng tr ng dy im
jX lm vic lc HBK bnh HN Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in thng im lm vic khi s ZD c ZD+Zpt
c tnh tc ng l mt ng thng
Nguyn l{ hot ng
100
c tnh lm vic ca rle khong cch
Do sai s, do s c c th xy ra qua cc tng tr trung gian nn gi Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN tr rle oNguyn c khi s c c th ri ra ln cn ng tng tr ng dy. Nu ch ch to c tnh tc ng l mt ng thng th rle c th s khng lm vic trong cc trng hp ny. khc phc th cc nh Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN ch to thng c { m rng c tnh tc ng v c hai pha ca ng dy tr thnh vng tc ng.
jX jX ZD ZD+Zpt im lm vic lc bnh thng im s c ri ra ngoi rle khng tc ng R c tnh tc ng c m rng ZD ZD+Zpt im lm vic lc bnh thng im s c ri vo vng tc ng R
c tnh tc ng l mt ng thng hp 100%ZD
Nguyn l{ hot ng
101
Cc dng c tnh thng gp

Thc t, c tnh lm vic c m rng theo nhiu dng khc nhau p ng tt hn vi mi loi s c v ch vn hnh ca h thng
ZD
102
Nguyn l{ bo v theo tn s
Nguyn l bo v theo tn s
103
Tn s trong h thng in thay i khi c s mt cn bng gia cng pht v tiu th: do cc t my b s c, ti nng trong gi Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN cao im, s c ca thit b iu tc... nh hng:
Cc thit b ng b hot ng da trn tn s Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN S suy gim tn s ko di r li Gy nguy him i vi tuabin do hin tng cng hng...
Rle tn s thp (cao) c nhim v

Sa thi ph ti m bo s cn bng cng sut Chia tch h thng thnh cc phn trong trng hp xy ra cc bin ng cng sut ln, h thng c vn nghim trng v n nh
Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Nguyn l hot ng
Rle so snh tn s o c vi gi tr ci t v s tc ng khi no tn s ra khi phm vi ci t
Cc loi rle tn s
104
Rle tc ng theo lch tuyt i tn s
f:
Rle tc ng bt c khi no tn s thp hn gi tr chnh nh Ci t chnh nh d dng Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN
Khng tnh n tc suy gim ca tn s
Rle tc ng theo tc bin thin tn s df hoc tc bin thin trung bnh f : dt

t
Tc bin thin tn s phn nh mc mt cn bng cng sut

Rle c kh nng phn ng nhanh hn vi s c Thc t: s dng kt hp c hai chc nng ( &
df ) dt
(Tc ng theo tc bin thin trung bnh gim kh nng tc ng nhm khi c dao ng tn s ngn hn)
c tnh lm vic ca rle tn s
Cc yu t nh hng
105
Qu trnh suy gim tn s c dao ng rle tc ng theo tc suy gim {df/dt} c th b tc ng nhm:
Gii php: s dng cc rle tc ng tc bin thin trung bnh ca tn s {f/ t}
Trng hp in p b nh hng bi sng hi: rle tn s c th xc nh nhm (rle s t b nh hng bi t ny) Nguyn Xun Tng Byu mn H thng in HBK HN Rle tn s t ti cc khu vc ph ti c nhiu ng c cn c ch :
Khi thanh gp mt in: cc ng c cn tip tc quay v duy tr in p trn ng dy trong mt khong thi gian ngn. Tuy nhin tn s ca in p ny suy gim theo tc ng c cc rle tn s c th tc ng nhm. Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Khi thanh gp c in tr li: cc ti ny khng c t ng ng in do khi b sa thi theo tn s th thit b TL s khng hot ng
Cc yu t nh hng
106
Rle tn s t ti cc khu vc ph ti c nhiu ng c c th tc ng nhm:

Gii php:
S dng thm mch gim st bng in p

Rle tn s s b kha bt c khi no in p gim xung thp hn gi tr ci t ca rle in p thp (khong 80%Unh mc)
S dng cc mch gim st theo dng in hoc Nguyn Xun cng Tng sut B mn H thng in HBK HN
Gim st bng rle dng in
Gim st bng rle dng in & rle in p thp
107
Phn 04
Cc chc nng bo v v gim st khc trong rle
Cc loi bo v khc
108
Chc nng phng nga khi ng my ct bng tay

Khi ng my ct bng tay cn a vo cc bo v ct nhanh Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN phng gp s c cha pht hin ht
Kch hot nh tip im ph kha iu khin t thi gian ca bo v qu dng v 0 giy Chc nng ny kch hot trong 300ms u tin Chc nng ny cng kch hot bng chc nng bo v trong rle (internal)
Cc loi bo v khc
109
Hin tng ti khi ng ng thi

Khi ph ti c cp in tr li tt c u khi ng dng tng cao Nguyn Xun Tng B mntc H thng in HBK HN bo v qu dng c th ng nhm .
Dynamic Cold-load Pickup cho bo v qa dng

Khi ti mt in lu (CB open time) kch hot T ng tng dng khi ng Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Pht hin ti mt in da theo

Tip im ph my ct Gim st dng in qua i tng
Cc loi bo v khc
110
Bo v qu dng th t nghch (46) Pht hin ti mt cn bng Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Mt pha ti ti S c khng i xng u sai cc tnh my bin dng. Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Chng qu ti (ng c) khi xy ra hin tng mt cn bng. D phng cho cc bo v qu dng pha, c bit vi trng hp s c hai pha
Dng khi ng t rt nh nhy cao
Cc loi bo v khc
111
Bo v chng my ct t chi tc ng (50BF) m bo loi tr c s c mc nhanh nht Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Nguyn l:
bo v no tc ng gi tn hiu

My ct tng ng B m thi gian ca chc nng 50BF
Nu b m ht thi gian & Dng in vn cn logic hng my ct gi lnh ct ti my ct cp trn ln cn.
Vi cc bo v khng s dng tn hiu dng in

Xc nh vic ct my ct thng qua tip im ph
Chc nng gim st trong rle

112
Cc chc nng gim st bao gm

Trng thi phn cng Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Hot ng ca phn mm Cc i lng o c (dng in, in p).
Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Gim st phn cng & phn mm Nguyn ca rle
in p ca ngun nui rle in p lm vic ca b vi x l in p ca pin trong rle S hot ng ca b nh S hot ng ca phn mm trong rle

113
Gim st mc i xng ca dng in & in p vn hnh

Bnh thng: dng in 3 pha thng tng i i xng. Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Chc nng gim st pht hin hin tng mt i xng dng in
Gim st mch th cp t my bin in p

Chc nng ny so snh
So snh tng in p ba pha in p cun tam gic h ca my bin in p
Nu c sai lch c vn trong mch th cp BU

114
Gim st hin tng h mch dng do t dy

BV so lch tc ng nhm Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Qu p nguy him mch nh th.
Nguyn l gim st:

Lin tc gim st gi tr tc thi ca dng in Dng in thay i mnh ti khng Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Khng ghi nhn c thi im dng in qua 0 l ch du ca s c t dy mch dng CT
Tc ng:
Kha BV so lch v chng chm t hn ch Kha cc BV da trn s khng i xng ca dng in

115
H mch p ca my bin in p (VT) t cu ch

Mch p b ngn mch hoc h mch in p cp ti rle b st Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN gim Nguyn cc bo v da theo in p d tc ng nhm
Nguyn l gim st: da theo logic

in p mt i xng ( ln in p TTN) Dng in vn i xng (I2 & I0 diNguyn ngng cho php Xun Tng B mn) H thng in HBK HN

116
Ngn mch ba pha mch p

Gim in p cp vo rle.
Nguyn l: da theo logic
Tt c in p ba pha nh hn mt ngng cho php Khng c s tng t bin ca dng in o c Nguyn Xun Tngnht B mn H thng in HBK HN Dng in trn 3 pha ln hn mt ngng nh cho php

117
Gim st mch ct (Trip Circuit Supervision 74) Mch ct c vai tr quan trng & qua nhiu khu (cu ch, cu Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN ni, tip im rle, hng kp, dy ni...) gim st s thng mch Nguyn l:
Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Bm mt dng in nh vo mch ( c mA khng kch hot cun ct ) Gim st dng in ny

118
Gim st mch ct (Trip Circuit Supervision 74) Thc hin: rle gim st gm mt hoc hai rle ph loi thng Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN ng, ng chm. Khi hai rle tc ng cnh bo mch ct
Khi my ct ng
Gim st c c khi mt ngun thao tc my ct

119
Khi my ct ang ct

120
Khi my ct m
121
Phn 05
Bo v cc my bin p lc
Cc vn cn quan tm
122
Cc h hng i vi my bin p Phng thc bo v my bin p trn li truyn ti Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Chc nng bo v so lch (87T)
Nguyn l, c tnh lm vic Cc vn cn ch khi p dng BVSL cho my bin p
Chc nng bo v so lch th t khng (87N) hay bo v chng chm t hn ch (REF)

Nguyn l hot ng L do s dng
Cc loi bo v khc
Cc loi s c & ch bt thng

123
Cc s c Ch bt thng Phng in s xuyn Qu ti Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN S c pha-pha, pha-t i vi Mc du tng cao hoc gim cun dy cao v h p thp S xm m ca hi nc vo Hng b chuyn i u phn Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN du cch in p St nh lan truyn vo trm: Li t b qu t thng... hng cch in cun dy S c gia cc vng dy trn cng cun dy.
Phn tch
124
Chm chp gia cc vng dy: dng in trong cc vng dy b s c ln nhng dng in ti hai u ca my bin p thay i Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN khng ng k (theo t s vng dy)
Cc bo v hot ng theo dng in kh pht hin Nu khng loi tr nhanh th c th gy s c lan trn
S c li t:
Tng ln dng in xoy Gy pht nhit s c ln hn.
S c thng du chnh: mc du b h thp

Nguy him cho cch in & lm mt my bin p.
Hng b chuyn i u phn p (OLTC)

Phn tch
125
Vai tr ca cun th ba (u tam gic) trong MBA Vi cc my bin p (gm c t ngu) u Y/Y: thng c Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN trang b thm cun tam gic:
L im u ni ca cc b t, khng b Cung cp in t dng hoc cho mt s ti a phng
Khi cun tam gic c thit k khng mang ti: gi l cun n nh

Thnh phn sng hi bc 3 chy qun trong cun dy ny n nh im trung tnh (neutral point): khi c cun tam gic th tng tr TTK s nh hn v c tc dng gim s mt cn bng ca in p Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN khi mang ti khng cn bng.
Phn tch
126
Vai tr ca cun th ba (u tam gic) trong MBA S phn b dng in trong MBA khi mang ti khng cn bng: Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN gi thit MBA ch mang ti 1 pha (trng hp mt cn bng trm trng nht)
Tngbng B mn 1/3 H thng in HBK Dng trong cunNguyn tamXun gic ca ti HN 1 pha: do cun tam gic thng c cng sut bng 1/3 cun dy chnh
Cc loi bo v thng dng cho my bin p

127
Loi s c
Loi bo v
Bo v so lch
S c pha-pha v pha-t cun dy
Bo v qu dng Bo v chng chm t hn ch Bo v so lch

S c gia cc vng dy
Rle kh (Buchholz) Bo v so lch S c li t Rle kh (Buchholz) Bo v so lch S c thng du my bin p Rle kh (Buchholz)
Nguyn Xun Tng v Bchng mn H thng in HBK HN Bo chm t thng my bin p
Qu t thng Qu nhit
Bo v chng qu t thng Bo v chng qu ti
S phng thc bo v ph bin

128
Cu hnh bo v cho my bin p 500/220kV

Bo v chnh 1:

87T, 49, 64, 50/51, 50/51N Tn hiu dng in cc pha c ly t BI chn s MBA. 87T, 49, 50/51/50/51N Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Tn hiu dng in: ly t BI ngn my ct u vo cc pha MBA. 67/67N, 50/51, 50/51N, 27/59, 50BF, 74 Tn hiu dng in: ly t BI ngn my ct u vo pha 500kV ca MBA Tn hiu in p: ly t BU thanh ci 500kV
Nguyn Xun Tng 50BF, B mn74 H thng in HBK HN 67/67N, 50/51, 50/51N, 27/59, Tn hiu dng in: ly t BI ngn my ct u vo pha 220kV ca MBA Tn hiu in p: ly t BU thanh ci 220kV
Bo v chnh 2:

Bo v d phng cho cun dy 500kV:



129

Bo v d phng cho cun dy trung p:

50/51, 50/51N, 50BF, 74 Tn hiu dng in: ly t BI chn s 35kV ca MBA R le bo v nhit du /cun dy MBA (26) Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN R le p lc MBA (63) R le gaz cho bnh du chnh v ngn iu p di ti (96) R le bo mc du tng cao (71)
Cc bo v khc


130

Bo v chnh 1:

87T, 49, 64, 50/51, 50/51N Ly tn hiu dng in t BI chn s MBA
Bo v chnh 2

87T, 49, 50/51/50/51N Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Ly tn hiu dng in t BI ngn my ct u vo cc pha MBA. 67/67N, 50/51, 50/51N, 27/59, 50BF, 74 Ly tn hiu dng in t BI ngn my ct u vo pha 220kV ca MBA Ly tn hiu in p c ly t BU thanh ci 220kV
Nguyn Xun Tng 50BF, B mn74 H thng in HBK HN 67/67N, 50/51, 50/51N, 27/59, Ly tn hiu dng in t BI ngn my ct u vo pha 110kV ca MBA Tn hiu in p: ly t BU thanh ci 110kV



131

Bo v d phng cho cun dy trung p:

50/51, 50/51N, 50BF, 74 Tn hiu dng in: BI chn s cun trung p ca MBA Bo v nhit du /cun dy MBA (26) Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN R le p lc MBA (63) R le gaz cho bnh du chnh v ngn iu p di ti (96) R le bo mc du tng cao (71)
Cc chc nng bo v khc


132
Cu hnh bo v cho my bin p 110kV

Bo v chnh:

87T, 49, 64 (theo nguyn l{ tng tr thp), 50/51, 50/51N Tn hiu dng in: BI ngn my ct u vo cc pha MBA. 67/67N, 50/51, 50/51N, 27/59, 50BF, 74 Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Tn hiu dng in: BI chn s 110kV ca MBA Tn hiu in p: BU thanh ci 110kV 50/51, 50/51N, 50BF, 74 Tn hiu dng in: BI chn s cun trung p 1 ca MBA.
Nguyn Xun Tng 50/51, 50/51N/51G, 50BF, 74 B mn H thng in HBK HN Tn hiu dng in: BI chn s cun trung p 2 ca MBA

Bo v d phng cho cun dy trung p 1:

Bo v d phng cho cun dy trung p 2:


133
Cu hnh bo v cho my bin p 110kV

Cc bo v khc

Bo v nhit du /cun dy MBA (26) R le p lc MBA (63) R le gaz cho bnh du chnh v ngn iu p di ti (96) R le bo mc du tng cao (71)
Bo v so lch cho my bin p (87T)

134
Bo v so lch c hm I (87) Dng lm bo v chnh cho my bin p Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Phm vi bo v c gii hn bi v tr t BI
Chc nng bo v so lch (F87T)

135
Bo v so lch c hm: m bo s lm vic n nh ca bo v

c tnh ca CT cc pha khc nhau (ch bnh thng & bo ha) Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Khi c s c ngoi Chuyn i u phn p ca my bin p
Phng thc t hp dng hm:

Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Ty theo hng ch to V d vi rle Siemens: tng ln ca dng i vo & i ra

136
Phng thc t hp dng hm: (tip)

Ty theo hng ch to
iR
iR
i1
1 i1 n
n
i2
i2
i3
i3
...
...
in
in
sum of
scaled sum of
iR
ABB
i1 i2
i3 ... in
geometrical average
iR
Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN maximum of Max i1 , i2 , i3 ,..., in

137
Cc yu t cn ch
Hiu chnh gc pha do t u dy my bin p Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Loi b thnh phn dng in TTK Hiu chnh t s bin dng Hm theo sng hi

Khi ng xung kch my bin p Khi qu t thng li t

138
nh hng ca t u dy my bin p MBA t u dy hai pha khc nhau dng in cc pha b lch Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN gc nhau
T u dy Y0/-11 th dng s cp v th cp lch nhau 11x300=3300.
Nguyn l bo v so lch yu cu dng in hai pha cn so snh Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in chy HBK HN phi trng pha khi xy ra lch pha c dng cn bng qua bo v s tc ng nhm phi hiu chnh gc pha. Rle c & Rle tnh: hiu chnh gc pha bng BI trung gian. Rle s: hiu chnh gc pha c thc hin bng phn mm:
BI c th u hnh Y cho mi cun dy Khai bo vo rle cc t du dy ca my bin p v my bin dng Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN (nu cn thit).

139
V d xc nh vecto dng in theo t u dy (Y/-11)


140
Loi b thnh phn dng in TTK S c chm t ngoi vng Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Nu khng loi b: tc ng nhm
BI trung gian khng c cun tam gic
Dng qua rle ln hn 0 Rle c th tc ng nhm

141
Loi b thnh phn dng in TTK S dng BI trung gian c cun tam gic: loi tr thnh phn I0 Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN chy vo bo v
BI trung gian c cun tam gic
Dng qua rle bng 0

142
V d khc: loi I0 v hiu chnh gc pha

S c chm t ngoi vng
Dng qua rle bng 0 Rle khng tc ng nhm

143
V d khc: loi I0 v hiu chnh gc pha

S c chm t trong vng
Dng qua rle bng khc 0 Rle tc ng bnh thng

144
Hiu chnh t s bin dng Dng cn bng c th sinh ra khi:
BI cc pha c t s bin khc t s bin p Hoc khi dng in th cp ca cc BI khng ging nhau

145
Hiu chnh t s bin dng Dng cn bng c th sinh ra khi:
BI cc pha c t s bin khc t s bin p Hoc khi dng in th cp ca cc BI khng ging nhau
Rle so lch

146
Hiu chnh t s bin dng Chn BI trung gian

BI u tam gic th dng pha & dng dy khc nhau
Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN 1 2
w w2
i1
3,813 3 0, 719
2, 202 0, 719
3, 06

147
Hiu chnh t s bin dng Chn BI trung gian
Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN 1 2
w w2
i1
3,813 3 0, 719
2, 202 0, 719
3, 06

148
Hm theo thnh phn sng hi Dng t ha xung kch khi ng khng ti Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN ng my bin p khng ti
Khng c ti ng in my bin p t mt pha
Khi ng khng ti:
Dng t ha xung kch chy vo t mt pha Pha u ra khng ti: khng c dng in
I1 I2
Nguyn Xun Tng I B mn H thng in HBK HN
Bo v so lch c th tc ng nhm

149
Hm theo thnh phn sng hi Cch x l dng t ha xung kch khi ng khng ti Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Dng t ha xung kch c dng mo sng, tt nhanh
Dng xung kch
Bc c bn Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN (50Hz)
Phn tch ph in p
Bc hai (100Hz) Bc cao hn
Sng hi
Phn tch ph: c sng hi bc 2 ly lm tn hiu hm bo v Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN so lch hm theo sng hi

150
Hm theo thnh phn sng hi

ng my bin p khng ti (ng xung kch)

Dng t ha xung kch: lun cha thnh phn 2nd Dng s c: khng c 2nd & bc chn Dng t ha xc lp: khng c sng hi bc chn.
Sng hi bc 2: c trng ring bit ca dng t ha xung kch s Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN dng thnh phn sng hi bc 2 ny t ng hm bo v so lch khi ng khng ti my bin p.

151
Hm theo thnh phn sng hi Hin tng qu t thng Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Li my bin p b qu t thng Dng in cc pha khng ging nhau Khi MBA b qu t thng: dng in c cha thnh phn sng Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN th th hi bc 3 & 5 Thnh phn bc 3: c th b loi bi cun tam gic dng thnh phn hi bc 5 kha tm thi chc nng bo v so lch
Bo v so lch th t khng (87N)

152
L do dng bo v so lch th t khng 87N
S c ti im gn trung tnh cun dy u hnh sao, trung tnh ni t: dng Nguyn Xun Tng B mn thng in HBK HN s c c th rt b (do in p H gn trung tnh c gi tr nh) Bo v qu dng TTK (50N & 51N):
C th khng nhy bo v cho cun dy my bin p
Bo v so lch:
C th khng nhy dng bo v so lch th t khng (87N)
Phm vi bo v: cc cun dy u sao, trung tnh ni t (phm vi bo v b hn ch).
Bo v so lch th t khng (87N)

153
Nguyn l hot ng Ch bnh thng & s c ngoi
Ch s c trong vng
Cc loi bo v khc
154
Bo chm t pha cun trung tnh cch in Cun dy c trung tnh cch in nu xy ra chm t: dng in c Xun Tng B mn Hkhng thng in HBK HN gi tr nh Nguyn bo v qu dng pht hin c
pht hin chm t
110 BI1 BI2 23
S dng in p th t khng 3U0

Ua+Ub+Uc=3U0 o bng BU loi 3 pha 5 tr

BI3
I>
C cun tam gic h Tng vecto in p bng khng
Bnh thng 3 pha in p i xng
Bin in p (BU) U0 > Ua Uc N Ub
10,5
Khi xy ra chm t:
Pha chm t c in p bng khng

Tng vecto in p 3 pha (3U0) s khc khng bo v bo chm t
Ua=0 Uc
N
Ub
Vecto in p ba pha b lch Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN

Ua+Ub+Uc=3U0 Bnh thng
Ua+Ub+Uc#3U0 S c (A-)
Cc loi bo v khc
155
Bo v chng qu t thng li thp (24)
Qu t thng (hay qu kch t): pht hin hin tng qu t Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN thng trong li t Phm vi s dng ph bin vi s ni b my pht-my bin p. Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Nguyn nhn: Hin tng qu t thng li t c th xy ra khi:
in p h thng b tng cao (my pht b mt ti t ngt, b iu chnh kch t khng vn hnh, hoc tc phn ng chm dn n qu p) Tn s h thng gim thp (v d: trong qu trnh khi ng t my, tc my pht tng dn dn, b kch t hot ng gi in p u cc ngng nh mc)
Khi qu t thng li t khng th mang thm t thng t thng mc vng qua cc kt cu kim loi ln cn pht nng
Cc loi bo v khc
156
Bo v chng qu t thng li thp (24) Phng thc bo v
Gim st t s V/f (in p & tn s) Loi bo v c tr: qu t thng qu khng gy nguy him tc thi
V d c tnh lm vic ca chc nng 24
Cc loi bo v khc
157
Bo v chng qu ti (49) Qu ti kh pht hin bng cc bo v qu dng Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Rle s c th dng 3 phng php
Hnh nh nhit (khng tnh ti nhit mi trng ngoi) Hnh nh nhit (c tnh ti nhit mi trng ngoi) Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Nhit im nng & tnh ton gi ha cch in
Cc loi bo v khc
158
Bo v chng qu ti (49) Nguyn l hnh nh nhit

Coi c my bin p l mt i tng ng nht

Dng in nhit lng Q (t l I2) Nhit lng Q = Q1 + Q2
Q1: ta nhit vo mi trng
Q2: tng nhit bn thn
tng nhit t l
T phn ca Q1 & Q2 Kt cu, hnh dng, kiu lm mt.. c trng bi h s hng s qun tnh nhit th Hng s ny c th tnh ton gn ng
Phng php: xc nh c tng nhit (%)

So vi nhit chun
Cc loi bo v khc
159
Gim st nhit Trang b sn ca nh sn xut
Da theo s gin n ca mi cht theo nhit Nhit t l vi dng in
Cc loi bo v khc
160
Rle kh (Buchholz) (ting Vit: RK) V tr: trng ng ng ni t thng du chnh my bin p ln Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN thng du ph - Do nh sn xut ch to sn
Cc loi bo v khc
Nguyn l hot ng ca rle kh (Buchholz)

Petcock
Alarm bucket
Counter balance weight
Mercury switch
level Nguyn Xun Tng BOil mn H thng in HBK HN
To oil conservator Trip bucket
From transformer
Aperture adjuster
Drain plug
Deflector plate
Cc loi bo v khc
162
Rle kh (Buchholz)
Cu to: gm hai t hp phao nm l Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN lng trong du.
Cc loi bo v khc
Nguyn l hot ng ca rle kh (Buchholz) Qu ti: kh ga t thng du tch t ln trn theo ng dn du y

mc du trn np rle Buchholz xung phao cp 1 (bn trn) chm xung, ng tip im khi ng cnh bo qa ti thc hin qu trnh san ti cho my bin p.
S c gia cc vng dy hoc gia Nguyn cc pha th nhit tng nhanh, Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN
kh tch t mnh v i ln trn x y vo phao cp 2 khi ng i ct ngun ca my bin p.
Thng du chnh my bin p
Hng di chuyn ca dng du khi s c
Thng du ph my bin p
Rle k thut s RET 670
Tng quan
165
Chc nng chnh:

Bo v so lch c hm (87) Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Bo v qu dng in (51 & 51N)
C th la chn chc nng nh hng
Bo v chng chm t hn ch (87N) iu chnh u phn p Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN
Phm vi s dng:
My bin p 2 hoc 3 cun dy My pht-my bin p ni b

166
Phng thc t hp dng hm:

Ty theo hng ch to
iR
iR
i1
1 i1 n
n
i2
i2
i3
i3
...
...
in
in
sum of
scaled sum of
iR
RET521
i1 i2
i3 ... in
geometrical average
iR
Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN maximum of Max i1 , i2 , i3 ,..., in
Dng hm = Dng ln nht ca cc dng u vo rle

167
Hiu chnh cc yu t nh hng Dng in th t khng: loi tr bng phn mm

La chn c/khng loi tr cho tng cun dy
Vic loi/khng loi ty theo

T u dy my bin p C/khng c CT trung tnh
X l{ dng I0 linh hot

168
T u dy Y/; / hoc Y/Y: khng cn x l{ I0

Cun u sao, trung tnh ni t (Y0) & c sn CT trung tnh:

Dng TTK qua trung tnh s t cn bng vi dng TTK trn cc pha khng cn loi tr
X l{ dng I0 linh hot

169
Cun u sao, trung tnh ni t (Y0) & khng c CT trung tnh:

Bt buc phi loi tr dng TTK (bng phn mm) Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN nhy c th gim ti 30% (vi s c N(1))
Tng t vi MBA t ngu

Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN MBA t ngu lun c t u dy Y(N)y0 Ty thuc vo c/khng c CT trung tnh

170
Hiu chnh cc yu t nh hng Dch gc pha do t u dy: hiu chnh bng phn mm
BI u hnh sao Khai bo t u dy my bin p
Sai lch t s bin dng: hiu chnh bng phn mm

Khai bo t s BI cc pha
nh hng ca iu chnh u phn p: hiu chnh bng phn mm

Tng s u phn p in p u phn p cao nht/thp nht V tr u phn p trung gian Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Nu tn hiu v tr u phn p a ti rle b li: dng so lch ngng thp tm thi c nng ti t nht l gi tr 30%

171
c tnh tc ng
Gi tr so vi dng nh mc pha cao p hoc cun dy cng sut ln nht Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN
Dng so lch Vng tc ng khng hm Dng so lch ngng cao
Vng tc ng c hm
Dng so lch ngng thp
Vng kha Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Dng hm

172
Ci t - c tnh tc ng
La chn 5 c tnh c sn Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Tnh tin c tnh c sn Nguyn tc chung: dng hm lun ln hn 2 ln dng so lch vi s c ngoi dc ln nht 50% Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN
H s hm tng: m rng vng hm hm tt, gim nhy tc ng Ngc li: tng nhy tc ng

173
Ci t
Dng so lch ngng thp Idiff>

Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN dc bng khng (khng hm) t cao hn dng so lch xut hin ch bnh thng C th tnh ti nh hng ca u phn p (nu khng s dng chc nng b) Di la chn: 0,10,5 Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN

174
Ci t
Cc on tip theo: trng thi qu ti v s c ngoi

Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN dc tng dn tng hiu lc hm (gim nhy) Thng t theo tham s mc nh ca nh sn xut dc mc nh thay i ti 1

175
Ci t
Vng tc ng khng hm & Dng so lch ngng cao
Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN S c trong vng vi dng ngn mch ln BI c th b bo ha b hm theo sng hi X l{: cho php bo v tc ng ngay khng cn hm {ch khi dng so lch ln hn mt ngng cho php} Ngng cho php phi m bo phn bit Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Vng tc ng khng hm ng s c trong vng

176
Ci t
Dng so lch ngng cao

B mn H thng in HBK HN Tham Nguyn s nyXun tnhTng ton c Thng t cao hn 120% gi tr ny

177
Ngn nga tc ng nhm khi BI b bo ha vi s c ngoi Dng so lch c th tng cao do

Ngn mch ngoi vi dng in ngn mch ln Mc bo ha ca cc BI khc nhau

Dng so lch ln Dng hm khng tng tng ng vi thc t Xun (do Tng BI bo ha) Nguyn B mn H thng in HBK HN
bo v c th tc ng nhm. Rle RET 670: chc nng hm khi pht hin BI b bo ha
C ch hm
Pht hin s c ngoi Kch hot hm theo sng hi bc 2 (BI b bo ha, dng sng s tm thi c thnh phn hi bc 2) B mn H thng in HBK HN Nguyn Xun Tng Tng dng khi ng so lch ngng thp ln 70%

178
Ngn nga tc ng nhm khi BI b bo ha Vn quan trng: pht hin s c no l s c ngoi Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Thut ton:
Pht hin s c ngoi & bo ha BI da trn s di chuyn ca c tnh lm vic

179
S di chuyn im lm vic khi ngn mch ngoi, BI bo ha

Dng in s cp & th cp khi BI bo ha
Qu o im lm vic tng ng
AB BC
Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN C A
S c trong vng: im lm vic lun ri vo trong vng tc ng

180
Ngn nga bo v tc ng nhm khi ng my bin p khng ti (ng xung kch) Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Nguyn l
Da theo thnh phn sng hi bc 2

Dng t ha xung kch: lun cha thnh phn 2nd Dng s c: khng c 2nd & bc chn Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Dng t ha xc lp: khng c sng hi bc chn Mi chu kz: c giai on dng xung kch gim ti gi tr rt nh (bng dng t ha) Giai on ny xut hin u n t nht chu kz
Da theo phn tch dng sng dng in tc thi

181
Ngn nga bo v tc ng nhm khi ng my bin p khng ti (ng xung kch) Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Ci t: c hai ch hot ng (la chn)
Hm theo sng hi v hm theo dng sng: t ng bt khi my bin p khng c in
T kha sau 1 pht khi my bin p ng in: trnh bo v b lm vic Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H hm, thng in HBK HN ko di khi s c trong vng Tuy nhin: vn t kch hot khi c s c ngoi
C hai phng php: u kch hot & hot ng song song

182
Ngn nga bo v tc ng nhm khi my bin p b qu kch t (dng t ha b tng cao) Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Mt t thng trong li t: t l B= E/(4.44*S*f) Khi in p tng cao/ tn s gim thp: qu t thng li t Khng cn thit phi ct nhanh my bin p Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Tuy nhin: Dng t ha tng cao kt hp vi dng ti: bo v so lch c th tc ng nhm c im dng t ha khi qu t thng:
Ch cha hi bc l: 3, 5, 7... Thnh phn bc 5 chim ch yu
Hi bc 3: khng i i Xun qua cun tam gic khng dng pht Nguyn Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN hin qu t thng Ch dng hi bc 5

183
Ngn nga bo v tc ng nhm khi my bin p b qu kch t (dng t ha b tng cao)
Hi bc 3: khng i i qua cun tam gic khng dng pht hin qu t thng Ch dng hi bc 5 Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Qu trnh hm theo hi bc 5: ch bt u nu chc nng so lch yu cu lnh ct
Bo v so lch th t khng (F87N)

184
Dng so lch & dng hm

Iso lch = Itrung tnh 3*I0 (t hp t tng ba dng in pha) Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Ihm = max {Itrung tnh, Ipha A, Ipha B, Ipha C}
dc c nh: 70% & 100%
Bo v so lch th t khng (F87N)

185
c im nhy cao:
Dng khi ng t thp Dng tc ng tngdng th t khng tng ti im s c
Ch s dng thnh phn th t khng c bn khng b nh hng ca thnh phn hi bc 3 Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Khng b nh hng ca dng xung kch: khng cn kim tra bi thut ton hm sng hi c thi gian tc ng nhanh nht Khng b nh hng ca vic chuyn i u phn p
Chc nng iu khin in p (OLTC control)

186
S u ni
Nguyn l{ b OLTC
187
Nguyn l{ lm vic ca thit b iu p di ti

Tip im D&S ring bit
Vi in khng (a)
Vi in tr (b)
Loi t hp
Nguyn l{ b OLTC
188
S cn thit phi c thit b i ni trung gian

Khng c thit b i ni
Nguyn l{ b OLTC
189
S cn thit phi c khu hn ch dng in

Khng c thit b hn ch dng in
Nguyn l{ b OLTC
190
Hn ch dng in bng in tr
Nguyn l{ b OLTC
191
Hn ch dng in bng in tr
Nguyn l{ b OLTC
192
Chuyn u phn p qua tip im trung gian ph

Nguyn l{ b OLTC
193
Hn ch dng in bng in khng

Khng tn hao Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN C th nm trong mch chuyn mch Khng cn loi tr sau khi chuyn mch
Nguyn l{ b OLTC
194
Chuyn mch bng my ct chn khng

Cc phng php chuyn mch: xut hin h quang du nhanh b Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN km cht lng S dng thm chuyn mch bng my ct chn khng
Nguyn l{ b OLTC
195

Nguyn l{ b OLTC
196

Nguyn l{ b OLTC
197
Phng php trch u phn p vi MBA t ngu

a.
S vng ca cun cao p (H) l c nh t s vng/volt s c nh nu in p cao p c nh Thch hp nu in p cao p t thay i
b.
Thch hp nu in p cao p thay i nhiu
Cng tc o chiu: o o Ch vn hnh khi u phn p ti v tr N (neutral)
o chiu cc tnh in p Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN iu chnh tng/gim
Nguyn l{ b OLTC
198
Trch u phn p gn im trung tnh cun dy

Cc phng php trc ly u phn p ln cn v tr X Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Phng php ly u phn p gn im trung tnh: gim
c cch in ca thit b OLTC
Tuy nhin:

S vng cun cao pNguyn thay i theo trmn u phn Xun Tngv B H thngp in HBK HN Khng thch hp s dng v in p pha cao p thng tng i n nh
Thit b t ng chuyn i u phn p MBA

199
S u ni ca b iu khin
Nguyn l{ b OLTC
200
Cc gi tr chnh nh
Mc in p ci t
Nguyn Xuncao Tnghn B mn Gi tr ci t thng 5% H thng in HBK HN Vng b cho in p ri trn ng dy 105V
Vng khng nhy U kn

Phi m bo sao cho khi iu chnh mt nc phn p th mc thay i in p U khng c vt qu ngng khng nhy
khng nhy
Thi gian tr
U kn (1.1 1.2) Thi gian tr:
trnh thit b lm vic lin tc khi c dao ng in p ngn hn (vd: do ng c khi ng) t 30-60 giy
Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Gi in p ti im Nguyn nt ph ti:
Tng t nh trong thit b iu khin kch t
Phi hp s lm vic song song cc MBA

201
L{ do lm vic song song ca cc MBA:

Tng kh nng ti Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Tng cng mc d phng D dng khi cn bo dng mt MBA
Cc vn cn quan tm
Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Khc t s/ in p Khc tng tr B iu khin khng tng thch vi nhau Tng dng ngn mch...
Hu qu khi phi hp sai:

Ti phn b khng u Nguyn Xunln Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Dng cn bng chy qun
Qu ti, tng tn tht
B OLTC hot ng nhiu: hao mn, tng gim p lin tc...

202
L{ do cn phi hp cc b iu p di ti
Sai lch thi gian: mt b iu p hot ng nhanh hn cc b khc
Mt MBA s thay i u phn p trc, MBA cn li khng thay i hai MBA s vn hnh song song vi cc nc phn p khc nhau sinh ra dng cn bng chy qun gia hai my pht nng, qu ti, tng tn hao.
Nguynt Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Sai lch cm bin in p: tc hi tng
MBA 15MVA; Xk%=8.7; Uth cp=12.7kV
Lch mt nc phn p Icb=25A


203
Yu cu i vi vic phi hp
Cc MBA song song: m bo iu p nh ci t vi mt my Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Nc phn p: c t ng la chn sao cho dng cn bng chy qun nh nht
Cc MBA c th khng cn thit hot ng ti cng v tr u phn p

Cc chc nng phi t ng c m bo: khi thay i cu hnh h thng

204
Cc phng php phi hp b iu khin

Theo phng php b iu khin ch o/ ph thuc Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN (Master/Flolower) Phng php dng cn bng nh nht

205
Nguyn l{ iu khin ch o/ph thuc

Da theo gi thit: gi cng nc phn p dng cn bng nh nht

206
Ch o/ph thuc gi cng nc phn p

Ch p dng vi cc MBA ging nhau hon ton Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN T s BI c th khc nhau Yu cu c phn hi t thit b c iu khin (thng dng cc rle trung gian)
Khi c 01 b iu khin
Khi c 02 b iu khin

207
Nguyn l{ dng cn bng nh nht

S dng thm thit b ph tr (Parallel Balancing Module) Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Thit b ph tr phn tch dng in chy qua MBA:

Dng ti thng thng cc dng ti qua cc MBA cng pha vi nhau Dng cn bng chy qun lch pha 1800 gia cc MBA
S u ni theo phng php dng cn bng nh nht
Nguyn l{ ca khi cn bng dng
Chc nng bo v qu dng (50&51)

208
L bo v d phng Trang b cc c tnh theo tiu chun & t t

Normal Inverse (NI): s dng trong hu ht cc trng hp cn phi gia cc bo v
Nu khng phi hp c -> s dng cc c tnh tip theo nh VI hay EI.
Very Inverse (VI): ln dng in s c Xun dcTng ng dy thay i Nguyn B mn H thng in HBK HN mnh t u ti cui ng dy. Extremely Inverse (EI): thi gian tc ng t l nghch vi bnh phng ca dng in. Thch hp vi:

ng dy mang cc ti c dng khi ng t bin Phi hp vi cc cu ch hoc cc thit b t ng li
Definite Time (DT): dng ngn mch thay i mnh do cng sut ngn mch ca ngun Nguyn thay Xun i.Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN

209
Chc nng phng nga khi ng my ct bng tay (tham kho)

Khi ng my ct bng tay cn a vo cc bo v ct nhanh Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN phng gp s c cha pht hin ht
Kch hot nh tip im ph kha iu khin t thi gian ca bo v qu dng v 0 giy Chc nng ny kch hot trong 300ms u tin Chc nng ny cng kch hot bng chc nng bo v trong rle (internal)

210
Hin tng ti khi ng ng thi (tham kho)

Khi ph ti c cp in tr li tt c u khi ng dng tng cao Nguyn Xun Tng B mntc H thng in HBK HN bo v qu dng c th ng nhm.
Chc nng Dynamic Cold-load Pickup (rle SIEMENS)

Khi ti mt in lu (CB open time) kch hot T ng tng dng khi ng Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN

211
Dynamic Cold-load Pickup

Pht hin ti mt in da theo

Tip im ph my ct Gim st dng in qua i tng
Bo v qu dng th t nghch (46)

212
Pht hin ti mt cn bng Mt pha ti ti Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN S c khng i xng u sai cc tnh my bin dng. Chng qu ti (ng c) khi xy ra hin tng mt cn bng. Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN D phng cho cc bo v qu dng pha, c bit vi trng hp s c hai pha
Dng khi ng t rt nh nhy cao
Chng qu ti (49)
213
Qu ti kh pht hin bng cc bo v qu dng REG 521: 2 phng php

Hnh nh nhit (khng tnh ti nhit mi trng ngoi) Hnh nh nhit (c tnh ti nhit mi trng ngoi)
Chng qu ti (49)
214
Hnh nh nhit (khng tnh ti nhit mi trng ngoi) Coi c my bin p l mt i tng ng nht Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Dng in nhit lng Q (t l I2) Nhit lng Q = Q1 + Q2
Q1: ta nhit vo mi trng Q2: tng nhit bn thn
tng nhit t l
T phn ca Q1 & Q2 Kt cu, hnh dng, kiu lm mt.. c trng bi h s hng s qun tnh nhit th Hng s ny c th tnh ton gn ng
Phng php: xc nh c tng nhit (%)

So vi nhit chun
215
Phn 04
Rle k thut s REG 216
Bo v my pht in
216
Phng thc bo v khuyn co cho cc MF

(O: ty chn, X: nn dng, Y: thy in tch nng)
Bo v my pht in
217
Nguyn tc d phng: nguyn tc n-1 hng hc 1 phn t khng gy gin on h thng Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN D phng mt phn:
Hai h thng rle bo v C th s dng chung cc bin p o lng Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Chung ngun nui
My ct c th ch c mt cun ct
Bo v my pht in
218
Nguyn tc d phng: nguyn tc n-1 hng hc 1 phn t khng gy gin on h thng Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN D phng y :
Bin p o lng ring bit Hai h thng bo v ton phn Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Ngun nui rle ring bit Tn hiu ct i theo cc h thng khc nhau
Bo v my pht in
219
V d s bo v MF
C thanh gp in p my pht
Ni b
Chc nng bo v qu dng (50, 51)

220
My pht in ly in p kch t ca u cc:

Ngn mch gn in p u cc st gim dng in ngn mch Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN b gim Nguyn i Xun bo v khng nhy
Gii php:
t dng khi ng thp Kt hp kha in p thp (27 hay U<) Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Tn ting Anh: Voltage Controlled Overcurrent Protection
Ci t:
Dng in: cao hn 20-30% dng ti max Kha in p thp (27): nh hn 80% Unh mc
Chc nng bo v qu dng (50, 51)

221
Phn bit hai loi bo v

Bo v qu dng kt hp vi kha in p thp
Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN 51 & 27= Voltage Controlled Overcurrent
Bo v qu dng kt hp hm in p (51V)

Voltage-Restraint Overcurrent Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN T ng iu chnh gi tr dng khi ng theo in p Khi in p gim dng khi ng c t ng gim i
Chc nng ny s kha khi mt in p nh th

REG 521 khng c hai chc nng ny
Bo v qu dng th t nghch (46 hay I2>)

222
Tn gi khc: Unbalance Load Protection Dng th t nghch (TTN)

T trng quay qut ngc chiu gy dng xoy pht nng
Bo v: l loi c thi gian theo m hnh nhit ca i tng

Bo v qu dng th t nghch (46 hay I2>)

223
C thm c tnh c lp
Bo v so lch (87G)
224
Nguyn tc thc hin

Bo v so lch dc
Bo v so lch ngang
Gii thiu h ta quay

225
Gii thiu h ta quay

226
H ta c nh & H ta quay
Bo v so lch my bin p
227
c trang b trong REG 216 cng vi so lch my pht c tnh v phng thc lm vic tng t RET 670 Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Thm chc nng t ng nng dng ngng thp
Kch hot qua u vo nh phn C th nn s dng khi:
Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Dng t ha tng cao: do ct ti t ngt, s c b iu chnh kch t trong my pht... Dng in cc pha sai khc qu ln: v d khi nc phn p nm v cc v tr cui cng.
Bo v mt kch t (Loss of Field - 40)

228
Cng lin kt gia roto & stato

Ph thuc vo ln ca t trng to bi h thng kch t Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN in p kch t b gim thp lin kt b yu i mt ng b gia roto v t trng ca cun stato.
Bo v mt kch t:
Bo v cc MF: khng ri vo tnh trng lm vic mt ng khi HN Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng b in HBK xy ra h hng trong h thng kch t Trnh c cc nh hng xu ti n nh ca h thng.
Bo v ny hot ng da trn:
Kh nng pht/nhn cng sut phn khng ca MF Biu gii hn cng sut pht (Generator Capability Curve)

229
Generator Capability Curve: cng sut phn khng b gii hn

Gii hn dng in trong cun kch t (Field Current Heating Limit): gii hn bi pht nng trong cun dy roto
Dng in trong cun dy stato Amature Current Heating Nguyn Xun ( Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Limit): khng c vt qu mc pht nng cho php

230

Gii hn pht nng li thp ti cnh ca stato(End Region Heating Limit): kh nng nhn sut ca my Nguyn Xun Tngcng B mn Hphn thng khng in HBK HN pht ch thiu kch t

231

+

232

Gii hn Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN n nh tnh & ng
L{ thuyt
Thc t

233
Da theo c tnh c hai phng php bo v chng mt kch t (thiu kch t)

1. S dng tng tr: rle tng tr nhn vo MF

Khi pht Q: in khng o c ln hn 0 (X>0) Khi nhn Q (thiu kch t): in khng o c nh hn 0 (X<0) Cn qui i c tnh P&Q sang tng tr R&X bin i phc tp, khng Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN trc quan
2. S dng gi tr tng dn (ring Siemens p dng)

234
Da theo c tnh c hai phng php bo v chng mt kch t (thiu kch t)

2. S dng gi tr tng dn (ring Siemens p dng)

Cho php qui i trc tip P&Q sang G&B Bin i trc quan
Bo v chng lung cng sut ngc (32R)

235
Reverse Power Protection Nng lng s cp b mt MF hot ng ch ng c

Nu cn h thng kch t: ng c ng b Ngc li: nh ng c khng ng b.
Ch ng c gy nguy him cho tuabin:

Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Pht nng qu mc cnh tuabin hi Nguyn do hi khng lu chuyn c lm mt Nguy him cho hp s ca cc tuabin kh do cc hp s ny khng c thit k ch truyn ngc.
Nguyn nhn:
Li vn hnh B mn H thng in HBK HN Trc trc my ctNguyn u Xun ccTng khng ct khi ngng t my Hng hc c kh

236
Bo v
Bo v c kh v theo tn hiu in
Rle REG216: da theo lung cng sut ngc. ln lung cng sut ngc ty thuc:
Ma st, tn hao do tuabin hot ng nh my nn Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Tn hao in trong my pht
ln dng cng sut ngc rt b php o phi chnh xc

Ch s dng thnh phn TTT ca dng v p Sai s gc ca BU & BI gy sai s php o phi a vo trong tnh ton
Bo v thng l loi c tr
Trnh cc bin ng ngn hn Trong khi ha ng b hoc dao ng inc th c lung cng sut ngc

237
Bo v thng l loi c tr
Trnh cc bin ng ngn hn Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Trong khi ha ng b hoc dao ng inc th c lung cng sut ngc: khi bo v s khi ng, gii tr nhiu ln.
Chng trt cc t (78) Out of Step

238
Out of Step Hin tng dao ng in (Power Swing) Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Hin tng trt cc t (Out of Step)
239
Chng trt cc t (78) Out of Step, Pole Slipping Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN
Hin tng dao ng in (Power Swing)

Kha bo v khi c dao ng in - Power Swing Blocking
Hin tng trt cc t (Out of Step)
Bo v chng hin tng trt cc t - Out of Step (78) Thc hin cc thao tc cn thit tch my pht
C hai chc nng u da trn gim st tc bin thin tng tr o c dZ/dt

240
Phn bit dao ng in (n nh) v trt cc t (dao ng in khng n nh)

Qu o 1 & 2: hin tng mt n nh: i vo mt pha & i ra pha i din

Qu o 3 & 4: dao ng in n nh

241
Logic pht hin trt cc t

L hin tng 3 pha i xng: dng in TTN phi nh hn ngng Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN cho php. C ghi nhn s ct c tnh c hai pha (i vo v i ra pha i din) ca vecto tng tr. S ln ct c tnh ln hn ngng (trong mt khong thi gian t Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN trc) Dao ng in khng th hi phc dn ti trt cc t ct my pht.
Bo v chng chm t 90% (59N, 64G, 67G)

242
L do
My pht in:

Trung tnh cch in Ni t qua tng tr Hn ch dng chm t
Chm t cun stato:

Cch in b ha than ti li thp H quang ti li thp.
Thc nghim cho thy:
Chm t c pht sinh h quang dng in 5A c th ph hy cch in l thp stato s c tip theo
Khng c mt tiu chun c th v gi tr dng in chm t Thng c gii hnXun trong 15A Nguyn Tng khong B mn H5 thng in HBK HN

243
Nguyn l{ bo v trong rle REG 216 Da theo in p im trung tnh cun dy stato
Khi chm t vecto in p 3 pha mt cn bng im trung tnh b dch chuyn in th tng ln khc 0.
Cch in Bnh thng
Ni qua tng tr
Chm t

244
Phng php o in p im trung tnh

My bin in p ni ti trung tnh cun dy Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN My bin p trung tnh
Cun tam gic h ca MBA to trung tnh gi


245
Phng php o dng chm t


246
Logic bo v chng chm t trong rle REG 216

in p im trung tnh vt qu ngng ci t
Ukhi ng > Ukhng i xng trong vn hnh t 510% Upha

Bo v c 9095% cun dy stato tnh t u cc
Bo v chng chm t 100%

247
S dng sng hi bc 3 (27/59TN 3rd Harm.)

in p do MF sinh ra c c thnh phn bc 3 Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Thnh phn bc 3 c tnh cht nh thnh phn TTK
Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Phn b in p bc 3 lc bnh thng

248

Chm t ti trung tnh: gi tr in p bc 3 ti u cc ln nht Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN bng tng in p hi bc 3 ca my pht Chm t ti u cc: gi tr in p bc 3 ti trung tnh ln nht bng tng in p hi bc 3 ca my pht
Chm t ti trung tnh
Chm t ti u cc

249

Chm t gn trung tnh: gi tr in p bc 3 ti u cc ln nht Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN s dng rle in p cao (59)
Chm t ti trung tnh


250

Bnh thng c in p bc 3 ti trung tnh Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN S c: in p ny v xp x 0 dng rle in p thp (27)
Bnh thng
Chm t ti trung tnh


251

Dng rle in p cao (59) Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Hoc dng rle in p thp (27) S dng cng vi s bo v 90% Nguynln Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Phi c vng chng
ln in p bc 3 ph thuc ti cc rle hin i c chc nng t ng thay i gi tr chnh nh theo dng ti.

252
S dng s so snh sng hi bc 3

Nguyn l{ so lch in p hi bc 3
59D 150Hz

253
S dng ngun ph tn s thp L do
Cc phng php trn ph thuc c tnh MF S lng ph ti, s lng ng dy, cp
Gii php
Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Pht ngun ph c lp tn s thp Nguyn vo cun dy my pht Gim st dng in do in p tn s thp ny gy ra

254
S dng ngun ph tn s thp (64S) Nguyn l
Pht in p tn s thp vo trung tnh in p sinh ra dng in ln dng in: ty theo tng tr Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN ngun pht & in dung cun stato vi t (Xc) Khi chm t: in dng b ni tt dng in tng ln Tn s thp :
Dung khng (Xc) c gi tr ln dng Nguyn Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN in nh dng khiXun ng thp tng nhy Trnh nhiu do in p ca MF gy ra, d lc.

255
S dng ngun ph tn s thp Nguyn l{ s u ni v ly tn hiu

Tn s 20Hz in p 25 V
Pht in p qua my bin p to trung tnh gi

256
S dng ngun ph tn s thp

Rle
Pht in p qua my bin p trung tnh


257
S dng ngun ph tn s thp X l{ tn hiu
Rle o in p pht vo VSEF Dng in chy trong mch iSEF Tnh ton in tr chm t RE nu RE < Rt rle tc ng Mt s rle c thm chc nng bo v qu dng d phng ( ln tng ca dng 50Hz v dng 20Hz) Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN u im:

Lm vic hon ton c lp Bo v c trnh thi khi my pht ng im

258
Rle REG216 V d phng thc bm Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN qua my bin p trung tnh
Rle REG 216 c hai ngng tc ng theo mc nh: Ngng cnh bo: 5k & tr 2 giy Ngng tc ng: 500 & 1 giy

259
Rle REG670
Bo v chng chm chp gia cc vng dy

260
Dng s c ny kh xy ra Vi MF cun dy c nhiu vng (MF thy in): nn t Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Kh pht hin bng cc bo v thng thng
Phng php bo v vi MF c cun dy phn chia

261
Rle REG 216 Da theo s mt i xng in p
S c vecto in p mt i xng cun tam gic h c in rle s tc ng. Gi tr mc nh:

in p khi ng 5% Thi gian: 0,5 giy
Khuyn co nn t theo th nghim thc t REG 216

Nhc im: rle tc ng nhm vi s c chm t

262
Phng php khc: so lch in p TTK

Rle
S c chm t: in p TTK o c hai pha nh nhau khng tc ng S c chm chp: Nguyn BU pha Xun Tng trung B mn tnh Hkhng thng in o HBK c HN ch c in p t BU pha u cc mt cn bng rle tc ng Gi tr khi ng t thp: 2%
Bo v chng chm t cun dy roto (64R)

263
Chm t mt im: khng gy nguy him cnh bo L tin cho chm t im th hai Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Chm t im th hai:
Mt s vng dy b ni tt T trng b lch Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Gy rung ng mnh bt buc phi ct nu rung vt qu ngng cho php

264
Phng thc bo v n gin

S dng hai n Bnh thng: hai n sng bng nhau
S dng ng h o in Chm t mt nhnh: kim ng h lch v pha tng ng
Chm t mt nhnh: n ti Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN hn Khng pht hin chm t ti trung im Khng pht hin chm t ti trung im
Phng php bm ngun ph

265
Phng thc bm ngun ph xoay chiu in p xoay chiu bm vo mch roto Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN qua rle qu dng (64F) T C:
Hn ch dng khi c s c chm t Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Cch ly
Dng in qua rle 64F:

IC: dng in dung (in dung roto) IG: dng r qua cch in ca roto (rt nh)
Dng khi ng: Ikhi ng (IC+IG)
Khi s c chm t in dung b ni tt dng in qua rle tng ln rle khi ng.

266
Phng thc bm ngun ph xoay chiu Nhc im:
Hot ng ph thuc ch ni t roto Nu ni t qua bi trc quay

Mng du dn in km Rle khng nhy Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Nu tng in p bm vo chc thng mng du dn in tt Nhc: n mn in ha ti bi trc quay
Gii php khc: chi than ni t

267
p dng trong rle REG 216

S dng ngun bm xoay chiu Rle tc ng da theo in tr o c (khng theo dng in)

268
p dng trong rle REG 216

S dng ngun bm xoay chiu Rle tc ng da theo in tr o c (khng theo dng in) Gi tr a vo rle:
Dng in o c in p bm vo
Rle tnh ton thnh phn in tr o c
Gi tr t t 13V tng ng in tr xp x 1k
Bo v tng tr thp (21)

269
L bo v d phng Tc ng nhanh & nhy hn cc bo v qu dng Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Ch lm d phng:
Phm vi bo v hp hn so vi bo v so lch ca my pht
Tn hiu u vo:
BU u cc BI pha trung tnh c tnh tc ng v hng
Bo v tng tr thp (21)

270
Phm vi bo v
Thng t ti 0,7XB
271
Rle bo v khong cch
Phn 05
Bo v khong cch
272
Cc vng ci t ca bo v khong cch

Thng c chnh nh vi 3 vng tc ng Vng I: tc ng tc thi

Vng II & III: tc ng c tr theo nguyn tc phn cp thi gian, phi hp vi cc bo v lin k
Bo v khong cch
273
Chi tit ci t cc vng ca bo v Vng I
Cc rle c: vng I thng t 80% tng tr ng dy Cc rle s: th gi tr ny c th tng ti 85%.

Nguyn Xun Tng Bdy mn H in HBK HN Vic ch t vng I bo v khong 80 85% ng lthng trnh hin tng bo v tc ng vt vng vi cc s c ngoi ln cn cui ng dy.
Do vng I khng cn phi phi hp vi bt c bo v no nn thi gian tc ng c th t xp x 0 giy.

Bo v khong cch
274
Cc vng ca bo v khong cch Vng II
m bo bo v 100% chiu di ng dy
t t nht 120% tng tr ng dy cn bo v.
Thng thng vng II c ci t bng 100% tng tr ng dy cn bo v + 50% tng tr ca ng dy ngn nht lin k Thi gian lm vic ca vng II c phi hp vi vng I vi bc phn cp thi gian t nh trnh by trong phn bo v qu dng.
Bo v khong cch
275
Cc vng ca bo v khong cch Vng III
l vng bo v d phng chng li tt c cc s c trn ng dy lin k Do gi tr khi ng thng t ln hn 20% ca tng tr tnh t v tr t rle ti cui ng dy diNguyn nhtXun lin k. Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN
Thi gian tc ng ca vng III c phi hp vi thi gian tc ng vng II.
Bo v khong cch
276
Minh ha
ng dy 1
ng dy 2
1015%
ng dy 3
A Ngun
Vng I Bo v 1
Nguyn Xun Tng B mn B H thng in HBK HN

Vng I Bo v 2
1015%
Vng I Bo v 3
D
1015%
Vng III t = 2t giy Vng II t = t giy
Thanh gp B
Vng I t = 0 giy
Tng tr ng dy
Thanh gp A
Bo v khong cch
277
Cc yu t nh hng n BVKC nh hng ca ti
Ti ca ng dy cng c th biu din di dng tng tr Trn mt phng tng tr: vng ti c rng hay co hp ty theo h s cng sut ca ti Trng hp ng dy di, Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN mang ti nng: vng ti c th chng ln vo c tnh tc ng Vng 3 Vic chng ln ti nh hng n vng 3 ca BVKC
Vng ti
Bo v khong cch
278
Cc yu t nh hng n BVKC nh hng ca ti- Cch x l{

Vng 3 m rng c gii hn S dng cc c tnh a gic
B nh hng chng ln ti
Khng b nh hng chng ln ti
Bo v khong cch
279
Cc yu t nh hng n BVKC nh hng ca in tr h quang ti im s c

S c trn ng dy thng km theo h quang H quang c tnh cht in tr (Rhq) in tr h quang ny lm php o tng tr ng dy b sai lch
jX ZD ZD+Zpt
jX ZD im lm vic lc bnh im lm vic khi thng s c nm ngoi im Rhq vng tc ng lm vic khi s Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Nguyn Zpt c R R ZD+Zpt
Zpt
Rhq=0
Rhq>0
Bo v khong cch
280
Cc yu t nh hng n BVKC nh hng ca in tr h quang ti im s c

Khc phc: S dng c tnh t gic c min tc ng m rng v pha trc R
jX ZD ZD+Zpt
jXTng B mn H thng in HBK HN Nguyn Xun

ZD ZD+Zpt
Rhq
im lm vic khi s c nm ngoi vng tc ng

Zpt
Rhq
im lm vic khi s c nm trong vng tc ng Zpt
R B mn H thng in HBK HN Nguyn Xun Tng
c tnh MHO
c tnh t gic
Phi hp s lm vic ca cc BVKC

281
Nu khng c s lin h phi hp gia cc bo v hai u ng dy:

S c ti 1015% cui ng dy mi pha s c loi tr vi thi gian ca vng 2 (tr mt khong t)
A HT1
1015%
N2
Nguyn Xun Tng B mn thng in HBK HN N1 HB

1015%
HT2
Khc phc: thc hin ng cc BVKC thng Nguyn lin Xun Tng Bgia mn H thng in HBK HN qua knh truyn
Lin ng bo v (Teleprotection)
282
Cc phng php Zone 1 Extension Scheme Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Transfer Tripping Schemes
Direct Under-reach Transfer Tripping Scheme Permissive Under-reach Transfer Tripping (PUTT) Scheme Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Permissive Over-Reach Transfer Tripping (POTT) Scheme Ngun yu (Weak Infeed)
Blocking Over-reaching scheme

Ngun yu
So snh s truyn tn hiu cho php v truyn tn hiu kha

283
L{ do cn lin ng gia cc BVKC Khng c s phi hp: s c ti 10-20% u ng dy tn ti Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN lu
nh hng n tnh n nh
Khng th s dng h thng t ng li nhanh:

Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN My ct hai u khng c ct cng lc s c thong qua d thnh duy tr.
Mc ch phi hp: tng tc loi tr s c
284
Zone 1 Extension Scheme (M rng vng 1)

Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Dng vi thit b t ng li
Khi khng c knh truyn

Li phn phi
t: 80% (Z1) v m rng 120% (Z1X)
o o o o o o
Vng 1:
o
Z1X s b kha bi tn hiu t TL S c ti vng Z1X:

o Rle tc ng tc thi v TL khi ng
Z1X b kha trc khi TL tc ng : Ch cn Z1 S c thong qua:

o o
Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN TL thnh cng M li Z1X
Tht bi:
Loi tr nh bnh thng bi Z1 hoc Z2
285
Transfer Tripping Schemes S truyn tn hiu cho php Direct Under-reach Transfer Tripping Scheme (truyn tn hiu ct Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN trc tip) DUTT
o o o S c:
o Vng 1 tc ng gi tn hiu ct ti u i din Nhn tn hiu ct ct tc thi Do nhiu Sai st ca h thng truyn tin.
u i din:
o o o
Nhc im: d tc ng nhm
Khng ph bin
286
Transfer Tripping Schemes S truyn tn hiu cho php Permissive Under-reach Transfer Tripping (PUTT) Scheme
Phng php DUTT d tc ng nhm m bo an ton: yu cu thm vng 2 khi ng
287
Transfer Tripping Schemes S truyn tn hiu cho php Permissive Over-Reach Transfer Tripping (POTT) Scheme
Chnh nh bo v bao trm qu ng dy Rle khi ng:

o Gi tn hiu cho php ti u i din
Ch ct khi:
o o khi ng C tn hiu cho php t u i din
288
Transfer Tripping Schemes S truyn tn hiu cho php Ngun yu (Weak Infeed) Hoc Breaker Open Conditions Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN ng dy c cp ngun t 2 pha - Mt ngun c cng sut ngn mch nh (ngun yu) S c: dng t pha ngun yu c th khng ln rle pha s khng khi ng. Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN
Nu dng s truyn tn hiu cho php: khng c tn hiu cho php t rle pha ngun yuNguyn khng th tc nhanh. Xun Tng B mnng H thng in HBK HN
289
Transfer Tripping Schemes S truyn tn hiu cho php Ngun yu (Weak Infeed) Hoc Breaker Open Conditions Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Trang b chc nng t ng gi li tn hiu nhn c (echo) d khng khi ng. Ti ngun khe: nhn c tn hiu phn hi (echo) ct tc thi Ti u ngun yu: thm chc nng pht hin in p Nguyn Xun Tng B thp mn H thng in HBK HN
Khi s c in p s gim thp hn khi qu ti

nhn c tn hiu t u i din Role in p thp cho php
u ngun yu s ct:

Role khong cch khng khi ng

290
Blocking Over-reaching Scheme S truyn tn hiu kha Ngun yu (Weak Infeed) Hoc Breaker Open Conditions Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN S truyn tn hiu cho php: thi gian loi tr s c s b ko dinu

ng truyn b s c Khng c chc nng ngun yu
S truyn tn hiu kha: m rng vng & tnTng hiu kha Nguyn Xun B mn H thng in HBK HN
Ci t thm mt vng ngc: pht hin s c pha sau vng bo v
291
Blocking Over-reaching Scheme S truyn tn hiu kha

S c trong vng: hai u khng nhn c tn hiu kha tc ng tc thi S c ngoi vng: phn t khong cch hng ngc s gi tn hiu kha ti u i din kha bo v ny
292
Blocking Over-reaching Scheme S truyn tn hiu kha Ngun yu (Weak Infeed) trong s truyn tn hiu kha Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Ti ngun khe: rle tc ng vi mi s c trong vng do khng c tn hiu kha t u ngun yu Khi s c ri sau ngun yu: vng ngc ca rle ti ngun yu s hot ng v dng lc ny do ngun khe cp gi tn hiu kha ti u i Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN din Rle ti ngun khe s lun hot ng ng.
Ti ngun yu: rle khng th hot ng vi s c trong vng
S dng phng thc truyn tn hiu ct trc tip t ngun khe

Pht hin dao ng in

293
Khi c dao ng in: cn kha bo v khong cch Nguyn l{: gim st tc bin thin tng tr dZ/dt Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN t thm cc vng gim st pht hin sm dao ng in
Hin tng chng ln ti

294
Tng tr o c
Tng tr o c ~ V2: V gim ti 0.9 pu th tng tr gim ti 0.81pu Tng tr o c t l nghch vi cng sut chy trn ng dy: cng sut truyn ti tng gp i th tng tr gim 50% gi tr tng tr o c khi ti nng ri vo vng tc ng
Vn hnh vi in p xp x 0
295
Khi ngn mch gn: in p gim xung xp x bng 0 rlehot ng khng chnh xc. Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Gii php
S dng in p nh c trc thi im s c. Bin php ny khng c tc dng nu ng dy gp s c ngay khi va c cp in tr li. Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Dng bo v qu dng ct nhanh vi vng bo v bao trm mt cht qua v tr t rle.
nh v s c
296
Chc nng nh v s c c lp vi chc nng BV khong cch. Chc nng bo v c nhim v:

Kch hot ghi dng& p khi s c xy ra vi tn s ly mu thch hp. Xc nh c s c c khi bo v khc tc ng (vd: bo v qu dng) nh v s c ngoi vng bo v thng khng chnh xc do nh hng ca cc ngun khc bm vo. Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN
Vi mt s loi rle s: v tr im s c xc nh theo in khng o c
nh v s c
297
L{ do s dng ch gi tr in khng:
S c thng km theo h quang hoc qua vt trung gian Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN H quang (vt trung gian) c tnh cht in tr Nu s dng tng tr bao gm c in tr h quang nh v khng chnh xc
Khong thi gian ly thng tin U &Nguyn I: Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN
S c xut hin trc khi my ct m (trnh nhiu lon) V tr xc nh theo tng cp tn hiu (U&I) ly mu Kt qu cui cng c th l gi tr khong cch trung bnh
298
Rle so lch dc ng dy
Phn 6
c im
299
ng dy c chiu di ln phi dng knh truyn gi tn hiu dng in gia cc pha.

ng dy 2 ngun cp
ng dy r nhnh
Knh truyn c th kt ni theo mch vng tng tnh d phng ng nt t
c im
300
Hai loi bo v so lch dng in

ng dy cp in t mt pha
ct my ct u khng ngun cn truyn tn hiu ct t u i din
tr ng truyn tin
301
Bo v dng dy dn ph
Vn hnh trong thi gian thc Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Tn hiu tng t o lng ti cc u ng b v mt thi gian
Bo v dng knh truyn k thut s

Ly mu tn hiu Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN X l v gi qua knh truyn k thut s c tr tr v mt thi gian th hin thnh mc dch pha ca tn hiu Gii php: o v b tr ng truyn da theo c ch pingpong
Rle mt pha gi tn hiu Rle u kia nhn c v gi tr li Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Xc nh tr ng truyn da theo thi gian t lc gi n lc nhn li tn hiu
tr ng truyn tin
302

Xc nh tr ng truyn theo nguyn tc ping-pong c Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN chnh xc cao Tuy nhin cn ch ti khng i xng ca knh truyn (Channel unsymmetry):

Knh truyn thng c thit k vi knh d phng

Xun Tng B mn thng HBK HN Nu khng chnh nh ng: tn hiu truyn v Nguyn tn hiu phn hic th iH qua ccin knh khc nhau thi gian truyn v nhn khc nhau (asymmetrical delays) xc nh sai b tr ng truyn.
Gii php khc: s dng vic ng b tn hiu bng ng h GPS
Ph thuc vo tin cy ca tn hiu GPS
tr ng truyn tin
303

V d v nh hng ca thi gian truyn tin khng i xng
nh hng ca in dung ng dy
304
in dung ng dy lm dng in hai u ng dy khc nhau

ng dy truyn ti: c th b qua in dung ng dy Cp in lc: in dung ln phi c bin php b

nh hng ca in dung ng dy
305
Thut ton b in dung ng dy a thm: mt thnh phn m phng thnh phn dng in Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN dung ny vo trong tnh ton dng so lch Tr i: thnh phn ny t gi tr dng in o c
Dng in dung: tnh ton gn ng bng cch o in p ng dy v chia cho dung khng ca ng dy
Bo v chng tt lo (46BC)
306
S c dng in tng cao d dng pht hin bng cc nguyn l{ bo v thng thng Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN S c tt lo:
Khng gy tng dng Khng th pht hin bng cc bo v qu dng thng thng.
Gii php:
Dng cc bo v qu dng TTN (ch bo ca hin tng mt cn bng)

Nu dng ti rt b bo v khng nhy tc ng
o dng TTK: nu t u dy sao/tam giac khng c dng I0
Bo v chng tt lo (46BC)
307
Gii php:
Dng cc bo v qu dng TTN (ch bo ca hin tng mt cn bng)
Nu dng ti rt b bo v khng nhy tc ng
o dng TTK: nu t u dy sao/tam giac khng c dng I0 chc chn pht hin s c tt lo: s dng t s I2/IH Nguyn Xun Tng B mn 1 thng in HBK HN

L{ do: t s ny hu nh khng thay i khi dng ti thay i Loi tr c nh hng ca vic non ti.
308
Phn 07
Rle so lch thanh gp REB 670
Bo v cc h thng thanh gp
309
Thanh gp: kt ni nhiu phn t

H thng bo v c vai tr quan trng Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Thi gian tc ng cc ngn m bo n nh ca h thng Rle hin i: tc ng ch trong vng 1 chu kz
H thng bo v: phi c tin cy & an ton cao

B mn Hkim thng in HBK HN S dng cc nguyn l{ d phng: tnNguyn hiuXun ctTng phi c tra qua nhiu khu c lp
Nguyn l{ "2 trong 3" m bo an ton
310
Cu trc bo v kiu phn tn (th h mi)

Khi iu khin trung tm (Central Unit) Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Khi iu khin cp ngn l (Bay Unit) S dng nguyn l{ bo v so lch
311
Gii thiu cu trc bo v thanh gp kiu tp trung

S dng nguyn l{ bo v so lch Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Tn hiu dng in t tt c cc ngn l c a v rle trung tm: s lng dy dn nhiu.
312
H thng chuyn mch dng

Mt ngn l c th ni ti thanh gp 1 hoc 2 cn chuyn mch BUS 1 Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN BUS 1 dng ti bo v tng ng
+
+
7A
7B
ISOLATOR 1
BUS 1
ISOLATOR 1
7B
7A
ISOLATOR 1 OPEN ISOLATOR 1 OPEN
Contact Input F1c On F1c Contact Input F1c On F1b
BUS 2
F1a F1a On thng in HBK HN Nguyn Xun TngContact B Input mn H F1a Contact Input F1a On F1c F1b
ISO 1
ISO 2
BUS 1
ISOLATOR 1
BUS 1
+
7B
ISOLATOR 1
+
7A
7B
7A
CB 1 ISO 3 BYPASS

F1a F1c F1b
ISOLATOR 1 CLOSED ISOLATOR 1 CLOSED

Contact Input F1a On F1a Contact Input F1c On Contact Input F1a On F1c Contact Input F1c On F1b
313
Cc phng thc bo v thanh gp S kha lin ng
Thng dng li phn phi (mt ng cp ti TG) Yu cu mt khong phn cp thi gian ngn Tn hiu kha c th ni trc tip gia cc rle (dy ng)
50
50
50
50
50
50
BLOCK
314
Cc phng thc bo v thanh gp Bo v so lch tng tr cao
Cc BI phi c cng t s bin Yu cu cc bin dng cp X Thit b hn ch qu p bo v cho rle
59
315
Cc phng thc bo v thanh gp Bo v so lch tng tr cao

Nguyn l
316
Cc phng thc bo v thanh gp Bo v so lch tng tr thp
S dng nguyn l hm Dng hm: tng dng, dng ln nht, mt phn tng dng.. Khng yu cu BI cp X
87 51
317
c im:
S lng ngn l ln s lng tn hiu, dy dn ln s dng cu Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN trc phn tn C ch kim tra chng tc ng nhm: check zone D gp hin tng bo ha my bin dng
Vng bo v
Bo ha
Nguyn Xun bo Tng v B mn H thng in HBK HN Vng
S c trong vng bo v
S c ngoi vng bo v
318
c tnh lm vic ca rle REB 670

dc c nh Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Dng so lch ngng thp thay i ty t
319
c tnh tc ng nhy cao

Trang b thm c tnh nhy cao: h thp c tnh lm vic Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Kch hot thng qua u vo nh phn (Binary Input) S dng cc li c dng chm t b
Ci t:
Dng khi ng ngng thp: nh hn dng ngn mch min Ln hn dng ti max ca mt ngn l (trnh tc ng khi h hng mch dng) C th kt hp kha U0> gim dng t
320
Chc nng kim tra vng bo v (check zone)

Khi mch dng t mt ngn l hng dng so lch bng chnh dng Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN ti ngnNguyn l rle tc ng nhm. Gii php:

Dng khi ng ln hn Iti max: gim nhy S dng chc nng check zone
Ch tc ng khi: bo v vng & bo v check zone cng tc ng
321
Phn 8
H thng kch t my pht in
Cc mch vng iu khin c bn ca MF

322
Thi gian p ng ca mch kch t ngn hn rt Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN nhiu so vi mch iu khin tua bin, do hai phn iu khin c th coi l hai mch vng c lp.
Nguyn H thngTua inbin; HBK HN trc ni LFC Controller: Thit b iu tn Xun Tng B mn Turbine: Shaft: Frequency Sensor: cm bin o tn s Steam: hi vo tua bin AVR: b t ng iu chnh in p my pht Valve control mechanism: C cu iu chnh m Excitation system: Phn kch t ca my pht van nng lng vo tua bin
iu chnh kch t v in p my pht in

323
S chi tit ca mch vng iu khin kch t

Step-up transformer: bin p tng p u cc MF Stepdown Transformer: bin p gim p cp cho h Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN thng t dng v kch t Exciter: cun kch t Auxilliary services: H thng t dng AVR: b iu khin kch t (iu chnh in p)
Cc loi h thng kch t

324
H thng kch t c th chia ra 3 loi:

H thng kch t mt chiu (DC)
Nguyn Tng B mn(AC) H thng in HBK HN trt. H thng kch Xun t xoay chiu Khng vnh
H thng kch t dng chnh lu trc tip
Cc loi h thng kch t

325
1.
H thng kch t mt chiu (DC):

H thng kch t mt chiu: hin ti vn cn tn ti, thng dng cho cc my pht c cng sut <100MVA. H thng gm 02 my pht mt chiu quay cng trc vi my pht chnh:

My pht kch t chnh (ME): cp in p kch t cho my pht chnh

Nguyn Tngt B mn H thng HN ME My pht kch t ph (AE): Xun cp kch cho my pht in kchHBK t chnh
My kch t ph c kch t bng dng in qua b iu khin kch t AVR
Cc loi h thng kch t

326
1.
H thng kch t mt chiu (DC):

Vnh gp
Vnh trt (slip ring)
Cng sut ca ngun cp cho kch t my pht ph v thit b chnh lu c iu khin rt nh (h thng hai my pht mt chiu c th cung cp kh nng khuych i cng sut ti t s 600/1) Nhc im:

Thi gian p ng chm

Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in thay HBKth. HN Do vn dng chi than -vnh gp nnthng xuyn phi
Vn s dng h thng vnh trt a cng sut kch t vo my pht chnh.
H thng ny ang dn dn b thay th bi cc h thng kch t th h sau
Cc loi h thng kch t

327
2.
H thng kch t xoay chiu (AC) Khng vnh trt:

Khng cn h thng vnh trt, vnh gp Thi gian p ng ca qu trnh iu chnh nhanh hn Cng sut ca h thng ngun kch t nh (1/20 (30)) H thng vn c s dng trong cng nghip v khng yu cu mt ngun kch t Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN ring bit qu ln
Cc loi h thng kch t

328
3.
H thng kch t dng chnh lu trc tip:

Vnh trt

My pht
My pht
Bin in p (BU)
MBA kch t
Bin dng in T h thng Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN (BI) t dng T u cc my pht
Ngun cp cho h thng kch t c th ly t u cc my pht hoc t h thng t dng Cn c bin kch t bin i in p cho ph hp Mt gii php khc: ly cng sut cp cho kch t t h thng bin dng in v bin Xun Tng Bcho mn kch H thng in p Vi gii php Nguyn ny: in p cp t in t bHBK nh HN hng bi ngn mch gn hoc st gim in p u cc.
Cc loi h thng kch t

329
3.
H thng kch t dng chnh lu trc tip:

Nguyn Xun Tng B mn MBA kch t H thng in HBK HN
Cng hnh kch thch Kch t ch bnh thng Ti cun kch t my pht chnh
gim tn tht trong b h thng kch t: dng hai b chnh lu c iu khin
Mt b dng trong ch bnh thng (ch xc lp)
Mt b dng trong ch cn cung cp kch t cng bc (cng hnh kch thch)
Thi gian p ng iuNguyn khinXun nhanh. Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Trong ch dit t: b chnh lu c th iu khin tr thnh b nghch lu tiu th nng lng th trong cun roto.
Cc ch vn hnh ca b iu khin kch t

330
B kch t cho php iu khin my pht vi cc ch vn hnh khc nhau

Ch duy trXun in pu cc (AVR): Nguyn Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN
in p c duy tr khng i
Dng khi my pht lm nhim v gi in p nt hoa tiu Hoc khi my pht vn hnh c lp
Ch duy tr h s cng sut (PF):
iu khin lng Q pht ra t l vi lng P ang pht duy tr cos C th dng khi my pht ni li
Ch duy tr lng cng sut phn khng (VAR) :
Lng cng sut phn khng ca my pht c duy tr khng i Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Nguyn C th dng khi my pht ni li
Thit b t ng iu chnh in p MF (AVR)

331
S khi ca thit b t ng iu chnh in p my pht

Nguyn Xun Tng p, Btc mn Hquay thng in HBK HN Khu o lng: o tn s, dng in , in

332
Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN B phn b ti: c s dng khi cn iu khin gi khng i in p ti nt ph ti pha xa.
in p ri trn tng tr t my pht n ti:
Vi: Vc: in p cn b Vg: in p u cc my pht Rc & Xc: tng tr t my pht n ti
B so snh
Khi khng cn b ti: t Rc=0; Xc=0 khi s gi in p ti u cc my pht

333
Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN B gii hn dng kch t: gii hn dng kch t cc i v cc tiu
Cun kch t b gii hn v mt pht nng do phi gii hn dng kch t cc i

Vi cc h thng hin i: s dng h thng gii hn dng kch t cc i nhiu bc: dng kch t ln nht cho php ty thuc vo khong thi gian tn ti. H thng gii hn dng kch t l cn thit ngn nga qu ti khi my pht Nguyn Xun Tng B mn Hthiu thng in HBK HN phn khng ln v lm vic vi h thng : trnh trng hp cng sut my pht s c iu chnh b li s thiu ht ny.

334
B gii hn dng kch t: gii hn dng kch t cc i v cc tiu

Gii hn dng kch t cc tiu: cn thit phi gi mt ngng ti thiu ca Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK dng kch t trnh trng hp my phtHN d b mt ng b
B nng cao n nh (PSS): c tc dng iu khin tt nhanh cc dao ng in trong h thng

Tn hiu u vo ca b PSS c th l tc roto, tn s dng in pht ra v Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN cng sut tc dng thc pht.
B PSS a thm tn hiu iu khin vo mch iu chnh in p.

335
S khi chi tit khc

Follow up Unit: m bo s chuyn i mm gia ch t ng /chnh tay Vi cc h thng kch t kp (hai nhnh kch t ring): mt nhnh c iu chnh ch ng, nhnh cn li iu chnh ph thuc theo (follow up)
Mch in p u vo
336
Mch in p u vo b K kch t c vai tr rt quan trng

Mt tn hiu in p B iu khin c th nhm ln v tng ti a dng kch t Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Gii php: dng 2 BU u vo v c rle kim tra in p (60)
Rle kim tra in p (60): pht hin t cu ch v chuyn b iu khin sang ch manual hoc chuyn sang ly tn hiu t BU cn tt.

Thng thng 1 BU dng cho mch iu khin kch t Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN BU cn li dng cho mch bo v, o lng
tranh t bin khi chuyn ch : nn trang b chc nng Automatic Tracking ch manual c th bm st thng s ca ch t ng trc khi mt in p.
Mch in p u vo
337

Trng hp ch c 1 BU u vo
Nguyn Xun B pht mn H thng in HBK Dng rle in p Tng thp hin mt in pHN u vo chuyn sang ch manual (rle ny s tm kha khi my pht khi ng)
Chnh nh thp hn gi tr thng gp vn hnh bnh thng C th kt hp vi rle qu in p th t nghch (47) pht hin mt cn bng in p (t cu ch 1 pha mch p)
Mch in p u vo
338

Trng hp ch c 1 BU u vo

Nguyn Xun B mn H thng in tng HBK HN Gii php khc: sTng dng rle gim st hin t cu ch (60FL Fuse Loss)
Rle tc ng chuyn ch vn hnh sang manual khi:

in p th t nghch vt qu ngng (ch bo t cu ch) Dng in o c trong ngng bnh thng khng nh s kin t cu ch Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN
V d v h thng kch t
339
H thng kch t ca nh my thy in Ha Bnh

340
Phn 9
Ha ng b cc ngun in
Automatic Synchronization Chc nng kim tra ng b (25)
Ha ng b trong h thng in
341
L thao tc cn thit a my pht in vo lm vic cng vi h thng hoc kt ni gia hai h thng.
Yu cu: dng in cn bng trong lc ha ng b phi nh nht, gim thiu st p v dao ng cng sut
Phng php ha ng b chnh xc

342
S ha ng b
Trnh t thao tc
My pht c kch t - quay ti tc ng b Kim tra cc iu kin ha

Cng th t pha in p bng nhau:
U H
U F
H F db
UH
H
UF
F
Tc gc (tn s) bng nhau:
Gc lch tng i gia vecto in p hai pha bng Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN khng: ,U U 0
H F
Gc lch
Khi cc iu kin ha m bo: ng my ct ha

343
Dng in cn bng xut hin ti thi im ha

EHTng B mn H thng in HBK HN Nguyn Xun
XH I cb
Xd
E F
S thay th
X X n gin, gi thit ln EF=EH=E v cn c theo th vecto: E E E 2 E H F E I cb sin EH XH Xd XH Xd XH Xd 2
ln dng in cn bng Icb:
I cb
E H
E F
H d Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN
EF
E
ln dng in Icb ph thuc vo gc lch gia hai vecto in p (sin ) Nguyn 2 Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN
E
2

344
Dng cn bng nh nht:
I cb min
2 E min sin 0 sin Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN XH Xd 2 2
00 ; 3600 ; 7200...
Vy thi im thun li nht ng my ct ha ng b l khi gc lch:
00 ; 3600 ; 7200...
Dng cn bng ln nht:
I cb max
max 2
E XH Xd
sin
E XH Xd
sin
1800
Thng h thng c cng sut v cng ln so vi my pht: c th coi XH=0; khi
I cb max
E Xd
( 3) 2 IN dau cuc MF
1800
Xun Tng B mn H thng HBK HN l 1800 Vy thi im bt li nht:Nguyn khi gc lch gia vecto in in p hai pha v dng Icbmax c th gp 2 ln dng ngn mch 3 pha u cc my pht

345
Vai tr ca in p phch US (in p trt) trong qu trnh ha
uS (t ) uH (t ) uF (t ) EH sin(
t ) EF sin(
t)
H F
Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Vi gi thit EH=EF=E
uS (t ) 2 E cos
Vi:
2
H
t
F
sin
2 E cos
sin
nh ngha l tc trt Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN

RMS
in p phch bin thin vi hai tn s khc nhau:

uS400 (t)
300 200 100 0
y
<Untitled>
sin
-100 -200 -300 -400
(t)
cos

346
Gi tr in p phch quan st c l ng bao bin

uS(t)
2 in HBK HN Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng
US
2 E sin
t 2 E sin
(t) Us=0: Thi im thun li ( 00 )
Us=0: Thi im thun li ( 3600 )
Us=0: Thi im thun li ( 7200 )
V S l tc trt nn i lng ( S t ) chnh l gc lch tng i gia hai vecto in p theo thi gian. Chu kz ca in p phch thay i do trong qu trnh ha lun c nhng thao tc iu chnh sao cho tc gc ca my pht gn nht vi pha h Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN thng Thi im thun li ha: khi Us=0

347
uS(t)
tng MC
tng MC
tng MC
(t)
Gi xung ng
ThunGi li xung ng
Thun li
Gi xung ng
Thun li
Do vic ng my ct cn mt khong thi gian tng MC: xung ng phi gi trc thi im thun li mt khong thi gian vt trc tvt trc = tng MC Thi gian vt trc c th qui i tnh theo gc vt trc () nu tc trt cho php khi ha ng b bit:
Gc vt trc
vt scp scp Nguyn Xun Tng vt B mn H thngdong in MC HBK HN
Tc trt cho php
Thi gian vt trc (chnh l thi gian ng MC)

348
M hnh iu khin qu trnh ha (thit b c)


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H THNG RLE BO V

NH MY IN & TRM BIN P

B mn H thng in i hc Bch khoa H Ni

Ging vin: TS. Nguyn Xun Tng

Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN

Tng quan rle k thut s ca hng ABB

Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN Rle k thut s REL 561

Rle k thut s REB 670

Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN

Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN

Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN

Qu trnh pht trin

Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN

Rle in c: lch s hn 100 nm Rle tnh (bn dn): t nhng nm 1960

Rle vi b vi x l{: 1980

Rle hon ton k thut s: 1986

Qu trnh pht trin

Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN

Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN

Qu trnh pht trin

Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN

RET 521 (1998): thi gian tc ng ti a ch 21ms

Qu trnh pht trin

Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN

Tn gi chung: BI, CT, TI Nhim v:

Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN

Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN

Vng lm vic tuyn tnh

c tnh t ha ca BI Th nghim xc nh c tnh t ha

Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN

Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN

Xc nh nhanh cc tnh BI:

Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN

Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN

Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN

Hin tng h mch th cp BI Gy qu in p nguy him

Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN

H mch Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN BI l tng

H mch th cp: ton b dng s cp lm nhim v t ha li t Li t b bo ha

Hin tng h mch BI Dng sng in p u ra ca BI khi h mch

Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN

Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN

Hin tng h mch BI C cu ni tt mch dng khi tho thit b nh th

Rle, ng h Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN o... Rle, ng h o...

Thng s ca my bin dng in

Thng s ca my bin dng in

So snh BI dng cho o lng bo v rle

BI dng cho bo v rle ti (10-20-30)x Inh mc

kW, KVar, A, kWh, kVArh

Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN

V d thng s ca my bin dng in

Cng sut nh mc Cp chnh

Cng sut Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN xc Cp chnh

C thm thng s ALF: h s gii hn dng in theo chnh xc

Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN

30VA Cp chnh xc 0,5

Cng sut nh mc 30VA

Cp chnh xc 0,5 Cng sut nh mc 30VA

Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN

P: dng cho mc ch bo v rle (Protection)

Dng cho mc ch c bit

C rt nhiu BI Cc BI phi c cng c tnh lm vic gim dng khng cn bng

Nguyn Xun Tng B mn H thng in HBK HN

Bin dng cp X: thng s c cho chi tit hn