1

SO GIO DUC VA AO TAO HA NOI

GIO TRNH

(Gio trnh dng trong cc trung THCN H Noi)















NHA XUAT BAN HA NOI
2
NGUYEN QUANG HUNG (Chu bien)






GIO TRNH

(Gio trnh dng trong cc trung THCN H Noi












TRUNG TRUNG HOC CNG NGHIP H NI BIN SOAN
3
LI NI U

Ciao trinh D g duoc bien soan tren co so ' Chuong trinh do tao trung
hoc chuyen nghiep ngnh Sua cha, khai thac thiet bi co khi, chuyen ngnh ct
got kim loai v sua cha' d duoc Hoi dong tham dinh cua Bo giao duc v Do
tao thong qua ngy 12/4/2002 . Aoi dung duoc bien soan theo tinh than ngn
gon, de hieu. Ciao trinh l mot phan trong noi dung cua chuyen ngnh do tao vi
vay ngui day v ngui hoc can tham khao them cac ti lieu co lien quan doi voi
ngnh hoc de viec su dung co hieu qua hon.
Hien nay, trong su nghiep cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nuoc, sua
cha v khai thac thiet bi co khi l mot ngnh quan trong cua nen kinh te quoc
dan, duoc su dung hau het trong cac linh vuc cong v nong nghiep. Do ga l mot
mon chuyen mon chu yeu cua ngnh sua cha v khai thac thiet bi. Irang bi
nhng kien thuc co ban de lap quy trinh cong nghe gia cong che tao, lp rap,
kiem tra v sua cha cac san pham co khi v may moc thiet bi sao cho dat yeu
cau k thuat v kinh te ph hop voi dieu kien san xuat cu the.
Can bo k thuat v cong nhan trong ngnh khai thac v sua cha thiet bi co
khi duoc do tao phai co kien thuc co ban, dong thi phai biet van dung nhng
kien thuc do de giai quyet nhng van de cu the trong thuc te san xuat nhu su
dung, che tao, sua cha, lp rap ... \oi muc dich do, mon hoc ny cung cap
nhng li luan co ban v nhng kinh nghiem de thiet ke, che tao, sua cha v khai
thac may.
Ciao trinh duoc bien soan voi dung luong 45 tiet, bao gom 7 chuong. Irong
qua trinh bien soan, giao trinh d nhan duoc su dong gop y kien cua tap the giao
vien Irung Irung hoc Cong nghiep H Aoi, dc biet l Ban Ly thuyet Co So.
Cac tac gia d co rat nhieu co gng v tam huyet trong qua trinh bien soan
giao trinh, tuy nhien do tinh chat phuc tap cua cong viec bien soan chc chn
khong the tranh khoi nhng cho chua thoa dang, nhng khiem khuyet nhat dinh.
Cac tac gia rat mong duoc su dong gop y kien cua ban doc de giao trinh hon
thien hon na.Moi y kien dong gop xin gui ve Ah xuat ban H Aoi, So Ciao duc
v Do tao H Aoi hoc Ban Ly thuyet Co So Irung Irung hoc Cong nghiep
H Aoi.
Xin chan thnh cam on!





CC TC GIA

4
LI GII THIEU

Thuc hien chu truong cua lnh dao thnh pho H Noi v thuc hien mot trong
nhng chuong trnh muc tieu cua so gio duc v do tao H Noi ,giai doan t nay
den 2005 v tiep den 2010 , de day manh do tao nhan luc bac trung hoc chuyen
nghiep v day nghe phuc vu cong nghiep ho , hien dai ho thu do ,d l : Bien
soan bo chuong trnh giang day v gio trnh cc mon hoc trong cc trung trung
hoc chuyen nghiep H Noi . Bo chuong trnh v gio trnh s duoc su dung trong
he thong cc trung trung hoc chuyen nghiep cong lap, bn cong, dan lap v tu
thuc H Noi .
Trung trung hoc cong nghiep H Noi d to chc bien soan mot so gio trnh
cho ngnh "Sua cha , khai thc thiet bi co kh ", chuyen ngnh cat got kim
loaiv chuyen ngnh sua cha. ay l mot co gang ln cua cc cn bo v gio
vien cua trung cng ngnh gio duc chuyen nghiep thnh pho tng buc thong
nhat noi dung day v hoc o cc trung trung hoc chuyen nghiep tren dia bn
thnh pho H Noi .
Noi dung cua cc gio trnh duoc xay dung tren co so ke tha nhng noi
dung d duoc giang day gan 30 nam o trung THCN H Noi v mot so trung
ban c do tao cng chuyen ngnh , ket hop vi nhng noi dung mi nham dp
ng yeu cau nang cao chat luong do tao . Cc gio trnh duoc xay dung tren co
so "Chuong trnh do tao trung hoc chuyen nghiep ngnh sua cha , khai thc
thiet bi co kh , chuyen ngnh cat got kim loai v sua cha " d duoc hoi dong
tham dinh cua bo gio duc v do tao thong qua ngy 12/4/2002 .
Gio trnh do cc nh gio c nhieu kinh nghiem giang day cua trung trung
hoc cong nghiep H Noi bien soan , theo dinh hung co ban , ph hop cap hoc ,
cap nhat kien thc mi v c tnh den tnh da ngnh v tnh lien thong : cc gio
trnh duoc trnh bay ngan gon, de hieu ph hop vi doi tuong hoc sinh trung hoc
v cng rat bo ch vi doi ng k thuat vien v cong nhan k thuat de nang
caokien thc v tay nghe .
Tuy cc tc gia d c nhieu co gang khi bien soan , song gio trnh chac chan
khong trnh khoi nhng khiem khuyet . Hy vong nhan duoc su gp cua cc
dong nghiep khc o cc trung v ban doc de nhng gio trnh duoc bien soan
tiep hoac ti ban lan sau c chat luong tot hon .
Moi kien xin gui ve trung trung hoc cong nghiep H Noi , dia chi 131 pho
Thi Thinh , quan ong a , thnh pho H Noi .
Hieu truong
Trung trung hoc cong nghiep H Noi




Pham nh Tan
5
G
BAI MO U
(1 tiet)
I. VI TR MON HOC:
Trong qu trnh che tao san pham co kh ngui ta phai su dung nhieu loai
cong cu lao dong vi ket cau v tnh nang k thuat ngy cng hon thien hon:
nham nang cao chat luong, v nang suat v ha gi thnh che tao san pham. Cc
loai cong cu lao dong thung duoc su dung trong qu trnh che tao san pham co
kh bao gom cc loai my, cc loai dung cu v cc loai trang bi cong nghe (gom
cc loai do g v dung cu phu).
oi vi khau gia cong chi tiet co kh th trang bi cong nghe l ton bo cc
phu tng km theo my cong cu nham mo rong kha nang cong nghe cua my,
tao dieu kien cho my thuc hien qu trnh gia cong co kh vi hieu qua kinh te k
thuat cao.

II. TNH CHAT MON HOC:
Mon hoc o g c tnh chat l thuyet v tnh chat thuc tien, dong thi c
tnh chat cap nhat theo dinh hung cong nghiep ho v hien dai ho. Mon hoc do
g c quan he chat ch vi cc mon hoc khc thuoc linh vuc co kh, v phuong n
do g duoc thiet ke l ket qua van dung tong hop cc kien thc chuyen mon ve
cong nghe co kh, an ton lao dong, khoa hoc lao dong, tu dong ho qu trnh
san xuat, co hoc k thuat, sc ben vat lieu, my cong cu, dung cu cat got, quan l
kinh te co kh...
Neu xt trong dieu kien cua trnh do san xuat cn kh pho bien l su dung
cong cu san xuat thong thung, th hien nay cong viec thiet ke v che tao ton bo
trang bi cong nghe cho mot san pham co kh c the chiem ti 80% khoi luong
lao dong cua qu trnh chuan bi san xuat cho san pham d. Chnh v vay, mon
hoc gip cho ngui hoc nam vng duoc cc yeu to co ban trong viec thiet ke
6
duoc cc loai do g khc nhau nham tang nang suat, chat luong, dong thi giam
gi thnh san pham. Mat khc, nhng kien thc can ban d cn l co so, nen tang
phuc vu cho muc dch toi uu hoa qua trinh gia cong co khi sau ny. Ngy nay de
giai duoc bi ton toi uu hoa, ngui ta thung c cc giai php cong nghe tien
tien nhu:
_ NC: Numercial Contron (dieu khien so).
_ CNC: Computer Numercial Contron (dieu khien so c su tro gip cua my
tnh).
_ CAD: Computer Aided Design (Thiet ke c su tro gip cua my tnh).
_ CAM: Computer Aided Manufacturing (Gia cong c su tro gip cua my tnh).
Vi giai php ny, nh c he dieu khien NC, CNC linh hoat v tu dong ho
m thi gian v chi ph chuan bi san xuat cho san pham co kh giam nhieu, tao
dieu kien sng tao, san pham nhanh v dp ng nhanh thi trung.
Tuy nhien, giai php cong nghe tien tien CAD/CAM - CNC di hoi phai c
von dau tu ln, nhung lai dang duoc coi l giai php hu hieu o cc nuc c nen
co kh ho hien dai.

III. MUC TIEU MON HOC:
Muc tieu cua mon hoc l gip cho ngui hoc nam vng cc chi tieu cong
nghe can thiet de xc dinh duoc nhng yeu cau cu the , nhng bo phan can thiet
khi thiet ke o g nham thoa mn nhng yeu cau chung ve nang suat, chat
luong, v gi thnh cua san pham.
e c the hoc tot v hieu sau hon ve mon hoc o g, ngui hoc nhat thiet
phai nam vng mot so khi niem co ban cng nhu cong dung cua trang bi cong
nghe co kh. Trong san xuat co kh che tao, tuy theo ket cau v trang bi cong
nghe m c the phan chia chng thnh hai loai: trang bi cong nghe van nang v
trang bi cong nghe chuyen dng.
ac diem cua trang bi van nang l khong phu thuoc doi tuong gia cong nhat
dinh v duoc su dung o dang san xuat don chiec loai nho. Nguoc lai, ket cau v
tnh nang cua trang bi cong nghe chuyen dng phu thuoc vo mot hoac mot
7
nhm doi tuong gia cong nhat dinh. Loai trang bi cong nghe ny duoc su dung
chu yeu o dang san xuat hng loat v hng khoi, c biet cn o dang san xuat nho,
don chiec do yeu cau phai dat do chnh xc cao, hoac khong dng chng th
khong the gia cong duoc chi tiet co kh.
oi vi cc loai my cong cu duoc dng trong qu trnh gia cong cat got
kim loai, ngui ta thung su dung hai loai trang bi cong nghe l do g gia cong
(trang bi cong nghe g dat phoi gia cong tren my cong cu) v dung cu phu
(trang bi cong nghe de g dat dung cu gia cong tren my cong cu). oi vi qu
trnh kiem tra chat luong thung phai dng do g kiem tra (do g do). Cn doi
vi qu trnh lap rp san pham lai thung dng do g lap rp.
Ni chung, do g l trang bi cong nghe can thiet trong qu trnh gia cong, kiem
tra v lap rp san pham co kh. Trong cc loai do g duoc su dung th do g gia
cong chiem ti 80 90%.
o g gp phan dam bao tnh chat lap lan cua san pham, nang cao trnh do
co kh ho v tu dong ho qu trnh san xuat co kh.
Do ga gia cong: l trang bi cong nghe nham xc dinh vi tr chnh xc gia
phoi gia cong v cc dung cu gia cong. Ngoi ra n tao dieu kien kha nang lm
viec vi my cong cu, giam thi gian phu v g dat phoi nhanh gon, giam thi
gian my v c the g dat nhieu phoi de gia cong dong thi, gp phan ha gi
thnh san pham: giam chi ph ve luong cho tho v khong can bac tho cao, dam
bao tnh chu dong cua nguyen cong doi vi chat luong gia cong (khong phu
thuoc vo trnh do v kinh nghiem cua tho): dong thi giam nhe sc lao dong khi
g dat phoi gia cong (dam bao thao tc an ton v nang suat cao).
o g gia cong duoc chia thnh do g chuyen dng v do g van nang
Do ga chuyen dng: l loai trang bi cong nghe c ket cau ng vi mot loai
chi tiet gia cong nhat dinh v chi dng cho loai chi tiet d.
o g van nang thung l trang bi cong nghe km theo my cong cu nhu
mam cap, e to, mi tam. Ngoi ra can phan biet hai khi niem do g van nang
dieu chinh v do g van nang lap ghp.
8
Do ga van nng dieu chinh: l trang bi cong nghe c ket cau ng vi mot
nhm chi tiet gia cong nhat dinh, cn goi l do g gia cong nhm.
Do ga van nng lp ghp: l trang bi cong nghe c ket cau duoc lap ghp t cc
cum, bo phan, chi tiet (linh kien) trang bi cong nghe tieu chuan de gia cong mot
loai chi tiet cu the, cng mot lc, cc linh kien, trang bi cong nghe tieu chuan v
phong ph c the duoc to hop thnh mot so do g khc nhau v su dung song
song vi nhau.
Dung cu phu: (do g g dao) l mot loai trang bi cong nghe de g dat dung
cu gia cong tren my cong cu, tuy theo yeu cau su dung m ket cau cua cc loai
dung cu phu s c tnh chat van nang hoac chuyen dng.
Ni chung, de bao dam chc nang lm viec v hieu qua su dung cua do g
ve cc mat k thuat v kinh te: truc het can phai lua chon v xc dinh hop l
nhng do g van nang san c: cn doi vi do g chuyen dng lai phai thiet ke v
tnh ton ket cau do g dng nguyen l, thoa mn cc yeu cau do nguyen cong
dat ra ve chat luong, nang suat v hieu qua kinh te cua qu trnh g dat doi tuong
san xuat tren thiet bi san xuat, sau d phai gim st v dieu hnh chat ch qu
trnh che tao v thu nghiem do g chuyen dng.

IV. KHI QUT V NOI DUNG:
Noi dung cua mon hoc o g bao gom phuong php v nguyen l tnh ton
- thiet ke do g chuyen dng phuc vu cc nguyen cong gia cong cat got, kiem tra
v lap rp theo nguyen tac dam bao chat luong v nang suat cua nguyen cong,
dam bao ket cau cua do g c tnh cong nghe cao, de che tao, thao tc an ton, t
ton sc v su dung toi da cc ket cau - linh kien tieu chuan.
Vi yeu cau d, chuong trnh mon hoc o g duoc thuc hien trong 45 tiet,
bao gom 7 chuong, v duoc chia thnh 3 phan.
* Phan 1:
9
Cc kien thc co ban v trnh tu thiet ke do g chuyen dng tren my cong
cu van nang thong thung, bao gom 3 chuong.
_ Chuong 1: Co so thiet ke do ga chuyen dng.
Chuong 2: Ket cau cua Do ga.
Chuong 3: Irinh tu thiet ke Do ga chuyen dng.
* Phan 2:
Cc loai trang bi cong nghe khc, bao gom 3 chuong.
Chuong 4: Dung cu phu.
Chuong 5: Do ga lp rap.
Chuong 6: Do ga kiem tra.
* Phan 3:
Mot so khi niem ve tieu chuan ho v linh hoat ho trang bi cong nghe
dng tren day truyen gia cong linh hoat v tu dong ho (FMS), gp phan toi uu
ho qu trnh gia cong co kh che tao, bao gom 1 chuong.
Chuong 7: Iieu chuan hoa v linh hoat hoa trang bi cong nghe.

Cau hoi on tap chuong mo dau
1. Trnh by noi dung co ban cua mon hoc do g.
2. Trnh by khi niem: o g gia cong, o g lap rp, o g kiem tra.
3. o g gia cong l g? yeu cau v nghia cua n?
4. Phan biet do g van nang: do g van nang lap ghp: do g van nang dieu
chinh: do g chuyen dng?
5. The no l dung cu phu? nghia v tc dung cua dung cu phu?
g
Chuong 1: Co s thit k d g
10
CHUONG 1
CO SO THIET KE G
(3 tiet)

MUC TU BA HOC

_ Trang bi kien thc co so de chon v thiet ke do g chuyen dng tren my cong
cu van nang, vi cc tieu chuan ph hop.
_ Nam duoc nguyen tac dinh vi 6 diem v biet van dung de dinh vi phoi.
_ Tnh duoc sai so g dat.
N DUNG

I. QUAN HE GIUA UNG LOI, BIEN PHP CONG NGHE VA DANG SAN XUAT:
Thiet ke v viec thuc hien qu trnh cong nghe l noi dung co ban cua khau
chuan bi cong nghe che tao san pham co kh. So luong nguyen cong cua cc qu
trnh cong nghe phu thuoc vo dung loi thiet ke nguyen cong. Thiet ke nguyen
cong c hai cch: tap trung hoac phan tn nguyen cong. Phuong php tap trung
nguyen cong dac trung boi tap hop nhieu buc cong nghe thnh mot nguyen
cong nhu vay so luong nguyen cong s t. Phuong php phan tn nguyen cong
the hien bang so luong nguyen cong nhieu nhung so buc cong nge cua moi
nguyen cong lai t, moi nguyen cong chi c mot hoac hai buc cong nghe.
Xu hung pht trien cua nen san xuat co kh hien nay l tap trung nguyen
cong de tao dieu kien cho viec tu dong ho san xuat, tang nang suat lao dong, rt
ngan chu ky san xuat, don gian khau ke hoach v dieu hnh san xuat. Tuy theo
luong san xuat cu the m noi dung cua van de tap trung nguyen cong s kkhc
nhau. Khi san luong t, thung su dung cc thiet bi van nang l chu yeu v phan
ln thi gian lm viec trong mot cc san xuat phai dnh cho cc cong viec thu
cong nhu thay doi che do cat, thay dao, thay phoi, dieu khien my, kiem tra ...T
khi c my NC v CNC th kha nang tu dong ho san xuat o tng nguyen cong
g
Chuong 1: Co s thit k d g
11
vi san luong t duoc mo rong... Cc my NC v CNC c nang suat cao v hieu
qua kinh te khi su dung chng s tang theo mc do tap trung nguyen cong.
Hien nay, khi san xuat vi san luong t c the xay dung v su dung cc trung tam
gia cong, nghia l trong mot lan g dat phoi, chi tiet duoc tuan tu gia cong tng
buc cong nghe mot cch tu dong tren my NC hoac my CNC. Vi trung tam
gia cong, nang suat duoc nang cao, rt ngan duoc chu ky san xuat v tiet kiem
dien tch mat bang san xuat. Tuy nhien, khi su dung trung tam gia cong, kha
nang gia cong nhieu chi tiet, nhieu dao cng mot lc bi han che.
oi vi san luong ln, phuong php tap trung nguyen cong duoc thuc hien
chu yeu tren cc my bn tu dong hoac tu dong c kha nang thuc hien dong thi
nhieu buc cong nghe o nhieu vi tr dong thi lm cho thi gian phu trng vi
thi gian gia cong co ban.
Phuong php phan tn nguyen cong thung chi su dung khi san luong ln.
Viec su dung thiet bi phai tuy theo dieu kien san xuat cu the. Thung hay p
dung cc phuong php sau:
- Su dung thiet bi chuyen dng don gian.
- Su dung thiet bi van nang ket hop vi do g chuyen dng.
- Su dung dung day gia cong de thay doi (dung day mem hay dung day gia
cong nhm).
Phuong php phan tn nguyen cong tao dieu kien chuyen mon ho cho lm
viec de nang cao nang suat lao dong. Tuy theo dieu kien san suat cu the m
phuong php phan tn nguyen cong s the hien r uu diem cua n. Nhuoc diem
chu yeu cua phuong php ny l cong viec thuc hien o tng cho lm viec rat don
dieu, cong nhan khong phai dong no nhieu nen de c cam gic chn cong viec.
V vay khi p dung phuong php phan tn nguyen cong can ch nang cao trnh
do co kh ho v tu dong ho cho lm viec. Phuong php ny tao dieu kien xay
dung nhanh gon cc day chuyen tu dong khi san xuat ln.
Tm lai, dung loi v bien php cong nghe phai duoc lua chon hop l nham
dam bao cc chi tieu ve chat luong v nang suat tuy theo san luong v dieu kien
san xuat c the p dung nhieu bien php khc nhau de tang nang suat nhu cc
g
Chuong 1: Co s thit k d g
12
bien php giam thi gian gia cong co ban (T
o
) v cc bien php giam thi gian
phu thuoc (T
ph
). o g gia cong cat got c duoc su dung vi muc dch: dam bao
vi tr chnh xc v on dinh vi tr cua phoi so vi my v dung cu cat dong thi
dam bao cho qu trnh g datt thuan loi, nhanh chng, lm giam thi gian phu
den mc toi da c the.

II. QU TRNH G AT PHOI TREN MY CONG CU:
1. Khi niem ve qu trnh g dat:
G dat chi tiet truc khi gia cong gom hai qu trnh: dinh vi chi tiet v kep
chat chi tiet.
_ u trnh dinh vi l su xc dinh vi tr chnh xc tuong doi cua chi tiet so vi
my v dung cu cat truc khi gia cong.
V du: khi phay mat B (hnh 1.1), chi
tiet duoc dinh vi bang mat A de bao dam
kch thuc H
H
, dung cu cat duoc dieu chinh
theo kch thuc H
H
, m goc kch thuc l
bn my (hoac be mat do dinh vi cua do g).
Hinh 1.1 inh vi chi tiet de phay.
_ u trnh kep chat l qu trnh co dinh vi tr cua chi tiet sau khi d dinh vi de
chong lai tc dung cua ngoai luc (chu yeu l luc cat) trong qu trnh gia cong chi
tiet lm cho chi tiet khong ri khoi vi tr d duoc dinh vi.
V du: G dat tren mam cap 3 chau tu dinh tam (hnh 1.2). Sau khi dua chi tiet
len mam cap, van cho cc chau cap tien vo sao cho tam cua chi tiet trng vi
tam cua truc chnh cua my, d l qu trnh dinh vi. Sau d tiep tuc van cho chau
cap tao nen luc kep chi tiet de chi tiet s khong bi
dich chuyen trong qu trnh
gia cong sau ny. l qu trnh kep chat.

H
A
B

g
Chuong 1: Co s thit k d g
13

Hinh 1.2 G dat tren mam cap 3 chau.

Can luu rang qu trnh dinh vi l mot qu trnh vo cng quan trong trong
gia cong chi tiet, qu trnh dinh vi bao gi cng xay ra truc qu trnh kep chat.
Khong bao gi hai qu trnh ny xay ra dong thi v cng khong bao gi qu
trnh kep chat xay ra truc qu trnh dinh vi.
G dat chi tiet hop l hay khong l mot trong nhng van de co ban cua viec
thiet ke quy trnh cong nghe. V neu khi d khong che duoc nhng nguyen nhan
khc sinh ra sai so gia cong trong mot mc do nhat dinh th do chnh xc cua chi
tiet gia cong chu yeu do qu trnh g dat quyet dinh. Chon duoc phuong n g
dat hop l cn giam duoc thi gian phu, dam bao do cng vng tot de nang cao
che do cat, giam thi gian co ban.
2. Cc phuong php g dat chi tiet khi gia cong:
a) Phuong phap r ga:
C hai trung hop: r truc tiep tren my v r theo dau d vach san.
Theo phuong php ny, ngui cong nhan dng mat vi nhng dung cu nhu bn
r, mi r, dong ho do hoac he thong ong knh quang hoc de xc dinh vi tr cua
chi tiet so vi my hoac dung cu cat. Phuong php r g thung duoc dng trong
san xuat don chiec hay loat nho hoac trong nhng trung hop mat phoi qu tho
khong the dng do g duoc.
\i du: Khi gia cong lo d
2
cua bac lech tam (hnh 1.3) tren mam cap 4 chau
phai tien hnh r de dam bao tam lo
2
trng vi tam truc chnh cua my.
g
Chuong 1: Co s thit k d g
14

Hinh 1.3 khi gia cong lo bac lech tam Hinh 1.4 Phay bang dao phay dia.
b) Phuong phap tu dong dat kich thuoc:
Theo phuong php ny, dung cu cat c vi tr tuong quan co dinh so vi vat
gia cong (tc l vi tr d dieu chinh). Vi tr ny duoc bao dam co dinh nh cc co
cau dinh vi cua o g. Khi gia cong theo phuong php ny, my v dao duoc
dieu chinh truc. V du: khi phay bang dao phay dia 3 mat (hnh 1.4) dao d
duoc dieu chinh truc de dam bao cc kch thuc a v b.

III. P DUNG NGUYEN TAC 6 IEM KHI INH VI CHI TIET:
1. Nguyen tac 6 diem:
Trong cong nghe che tao my ta s xt su chuyen dong cua mot vat ran
tuyet doi trong khong gian theo he toa do e Cc. N gom 6 bac tu do chuyen
dong d l:
3 bac tinh tien doc truc ox, oy, o
3 bac xoay quanh truc ox, oy, o.
Bac tu do cua mot vat ran tuyet doi l kha nang di chuyen cua vat ran theo
phuong no d m khong bi bat k mot can tro no.
Khi ta dat mot khoi hnh hop trong he toa do e Cc, c the thay cc
chuyen dong duoc khong che nhu sau :
1
2
d
2
d
1
e
b
a
k

c
o
n
s
t
g
Chuong 1: Co s thit k d g
15
X
Y
Z
5
4
6'
O
3 2
1
4'
5'
6
3'
1'
2'







Hinh 1.5 So do xc dinh vi tr cua mot vat ran trong he toa do e Cc
Mat phng xoy (khong che 3 bac tu do):
iem 1: khong che bac tu do tinh tien doc truc o.
iem 2: khong che bac tu do quay quanh truc ox.
iem 3: khong che bac tu do quay quanh truc oy.
3 diem tao thnh mot mat phng khong che 3 bac tu do.
Mat phng xo (khong che 2 bac tu do):
iem 4: khong che bac tu do tinh tien doc truc oy.
iem 5: khong che bac tu do quay quanh truc o.
2 diem tao thnh mot dung thng khong che 2 bac tu do.
Mat phng yo (khong che 1 bac tu do):
iem 6: khong che bac tu do tinh tien doc truc ox.
1 diem khong che 1 bac tu do.
Can chu y rng: Moi mat phng deu c kha nang khong che 3 bac tu do, nhung o
mat phng xo v yo chi khong che 2 v 1 bac tu do v c nhng bac tu do o mat
ny c the khong che nhung o mat kia cng d duoc khong che roi do d n
khong khong che na.
_ Mat phng dinh vi chnh (l mat c dien tch ln nhat) khong che 3 bac tu do.
_ Mat phng dan hung l mat phng di v hep (duoc coi l dung thng)
khong che 2 bac tu do.
g
Chuong 1: Co s thit k d g
16
Z
X
Y
O
L > D
L
D
_ Mat phng chan l mat phng hep (coi l mot diem) khong che 1 bac tu do.
inh vi hon ton l dinh vi chi tiet duoc khu du 6 bac tu do.
inh vi khong hon ton l dinh vi chi tiet khu nho hon 6 bac tu do.
Trong qu trnh dinh vi chi tiet, khong phai lc no cng can phai khong
che ca 6 bac tu do, m ty theo yeu cau gia cong o tng nguyen cong, so bac tu
do c the duoc khong che nho hon 6.
2. Mot so v du dien hnh:
a) Mam cp 3 chau tu dinh tam:
Khi cap vi chieu di mam cap ln
hon dung knh chi tiet (LD) khong
che bon bac tu do sau:
Tinh tien doc truc ox
Tinh tien doc truc o
uay quanh truc ox
uay quanh truc o
Hinh 1.6 Cap tren mam cap 3 chau
tu dinh tam khong che 4 bac tu do
b) Hai mi tam voi mi tam truoc co dinh khong che 5 bac tu do:
Mi tam truc co dinh khong che 3 bac tu do:
Tinh tien doc truc ox
Tinh tien doc truc oy
Tinh tien doc truc o
Mi tam sau di dong khong che 2 bac tu do:
uay quanh truc ox
uay quanh truc o

Hinh 1.7 Hai mi tam
vi mot mi co dinh khong
che 5 bac tu do.
Z
X
Y
g
Chuong 1: Co s thit k d g
17
X
Y
Z
O
L > D L
D
X
Y
Z
O
D
L
L < D


c) Khoi \: Khoi V di:
Vi chieu di khoi V ln
hon dung knh truc chi
tiet khong che bon bac tu
do:
Tinh tien doc truc ox
Tinh tien doc truc o
uay quanh truc ox
uay quanh truc o
Hinh 1.5 Khoi V di khong che 4 bac tu do
* Khoi \ ngn:
Vi chieu di khoi V
nho hon dung kinh
truc chi tiet khong che
hai bac tu do:
Tinh tien doc truc ox
Tinh tien doc truc o
Hinh 1.6 Khoi V ngan khong che 2 bac tu do
d) Chot tru :
Chot tru di: Vi chieu di chot tru ln hon dung knh lo bi chot khong che
bon bac tu do:
Tinh tien doc truc ox
Tinh tien doc truc oy
uay quanh truc ox
uay quanh truc oy
Chot tru ngan: Vi chieu di chot tru 1/3 dung knh lo bi chot khong che 2
bac tu do.
g
Chuong 1: Co s thit k d g
18
Z
Y
X
O
Z
Y
X
O
Z
Y
X
O
Tinh tien doc truc ox
Tinh tien doc truc oy







Hinh 1.7 Chot tru di khong che Hinh 1.8 Chot tru ngan khong che
4 bac tu do. 2 bac tu do.

Chot trm khong che 1 bac tu do
uay quanh truc o

uoc phoi hop vi mat phng v
mot chot tru ngan de dinh vi
chi tiet khi gia cong

Hinh 1.9 Chot tru trm khong che
1 bac tu do

3. Sieu dinh vi:
Trong cong nghe che tao my cn c khi niem ve su sieu dinh vi d l
trung hop 1 bac tu do bi khong che qu mot lan hoac bac tu do cua chi tiet sau
khi dinh vi ln hon 6. V du ta xt trung hop mot chot tru di v mot mat phng
dinh vi chnh cng tham gia dinh vi mot chi tiet.
Chot tru di khong che bon bac tu do:
g
Chuong 1: Co s thit k d g
19
X
Y
Z
Tinh tien doc truc ox
Tinh tien doc truc oy
uay quanh truc ox
uay quanh truc oy
Mat phng khong che 3 bac tu do
Tinh tien doc truc o
uay quanh truc ox
uay quanh truc oy
Hinh 1.10 Chot tru di v mot mat phng
dinh vi chnh cng tham gia dinh vi
Ta thay rang bac tu do quay quanh truc ox bi khong che hai lan v bac tu
do quay quanh truc oy cng bi khong che hai lan. Nhu vay trung hop ny goi l
sieu dinh vi.
Tm lai neu chi tiet bi khong che qu 6 diem tc l d c mot hay vi bac tu
do bi khong che qu mot lan th goi l sieu dinh vi.
Vay khi dinh vi chi tiet khong duoc de roi vo tnh trang sieu dinh vi v n
s gay ra sai so gia cong ln v c the php hong chi tiet trong qu trnh gia
cong. Trung hop ny dac biet phai trnh.



IV. SAI SO G AT PHOI TREN G:
1.Khi niem ve sai so g dat:
ay l sai so xuat hien trong qu trnh g dat chi tiet gia cong. Sai so g dat
bao gom cc thnh phan:
- Sai so do viec dinh chi tiet khong dng m thuc chat l sai so do viec chuan
khong hop l gay ra, k hieu l
c
(sai so chuan)
- Sai so do qu trnh kep chat chi tiet gay ra, k hieu l
k
(sai so kep chat phoi)
g
Chuong 1: Co s thit k d g
20
- Sai so do viec che tao, lap rp, dieu chinh do g v trang thi mn cua n gay
ra, k hieu l
dg
(sai so do g)
- Nhng sai so rieng biet ny c the gay ra sai so tren chi tiet gia cong theo cc
phuong khc nhau. V vay, trung hop chung sai so g dat phai duoc viet dui
dang vcto.
=
gd c

k

dg

2.Sai so chuan
c

Nhu ta d biet neu thuc hien duoc de dng cc kch thuc do ngui thiet ke
d cho, th ve mot mat no d ban thiet ke c tnh cong nghe cao. Trong mot so
trung hop, do yeu cau lm viec cua chi tiet, chuan thiet ke, chuan cong nghe c
the trng nhau hoac khong trng nhau. Neu chng trng nhau tc l d the hien
tot quan diem cong nghe trong cong tc thiet ke. Khi san pham dang che tao,
ngui thiet ke phai the hien n thong qua mot so kch thuc, nhung khi che tao
de hnh thnh cc be mat gia cong mot cch hop l, giam sai so gia cong, buoc
ngui cong nghe phai can c vo yeu cau de tnh ton lai mot so kch thuc d
thiet ke cho ph hop vi yeu cau che tao. Nhu vay trong qu trnh cong nghe cc
kch thuc ghi trong ban v che tao l kch thuc c hung.
Ve mat cong nghe, goc kch thuc v chuan dinh vi c the trng hay khong
trng nhau. Khi chuan dinh vi khong trng vi goc kch thuc s sinh ra sai so
chuan v anh huong den kch thuc gia cong.
B

Hinh 1.11 Su hnh thnh sai so chuan


Tren hnh 1.11 the hien su hnh thnh sai so chuan khi chuan dinh vi khong
trng vi goc kch thuc. Khi gia cong mat N de hnh thnh kch thuc A th lc
ny chuan dinh vi v goc kch thuc trng nhau, do d neu d dieu chinh san vi
N
H
K
A

g
Chuong 1: Co s thit k d g
21
tr cua dao cat v gia su n khong mn th sau khi gia cong ca loat chi tiet, kch
thuc A tren chng deu bang nhau cho d kch thuc H lc ny thay doi t H
den H
H
. Tuy nhien cng trong trung hop d neu de dat kch thuc B th
khong co dinh v n c khoang cch ti mat chuan dinh vi K thay doi t H
H
.
Trong khi vi tr cua dao co dinh cn goc kch thuc M thay doi nen kch thuc B
s thay doi trong pham vi t (H-A) den (H
H
-A). Khi d sai so do viec chon
chuan K khong trng vi goc kch thuc M s l
H
v duoc goi l sai so chuan

c(B)

H
. V du tren d the hien dieu kien sinh ra sai so chuan v gi tri cua sai so
d.
Ta c the dinh nghia ve sai so chuan nhu sau:
Sai so chuan chi pht sinh khi chuan dinh vi khong trng vi goc kch thuc
can gia cong v n c gi tri bang luong di dong cua goc kch thuc chieu len
phuong kch thuc thuc hien.
Thuc chat, kch thuc can dat khi gia cong l khau khp kn cua chuoi kch
thuc cong nghe, chuoi d hnh thnh trong mot nguyen cong hay mot so
nguyen cong. Cc khau trong chuoi kch thuc cong nghe c the l kch thuc
thay doi, m su thay doi d s anh huong den khau khp kn, hoac cc kch thuc
khong doi. Goi L l khau khp kn cua chuoi kch thuc cong nghe th c the
bieu thi L dui dang sau: ) ,... , , ,... , , (
2 1 3 2 1 n n
a a a x x x x L =
Trong d: _ Cc x
i
l nhng kch thuc thay doi
_ Cc a
i
l nhng kch thuc khong doi.
Khi tnh sai so chuan
c
cho mot kch thuc L no d nghia l tm luong bien
dong cua n khi nhng kch thuc lien quan thay doi
Neu goi luong bien dong cua kch thuc L l L, luong L duoc xc dinh bang
tong cc luong bien dong cua cc kch thuc lien quan thay doi.
n
n
i
x
x
x
x
x
x
L

+ +

=

... .
2 1

i
n
i i
x
x
L

=

=
.
1

g
Chuong 1: Co s thit k d g
22
Cc kch thuc x
i
thung bien dong trong pham vi dung sai cua chng
xi
Th sai
so chuan s l:
i
n
i i
L c
x
x

=
1
) (

C the xc dinh sai so chuan bang hai phuong php:
Phuong php cuc tieu-cuc dai.
Phuong php ny duoc dng trong san xuat don chiec v loat nho khi do chnh
xc gia cong khong cao lam. Trong phuong php ny ta phai:
Thnh lap chuoi kch thuc cong nghe, trong d khau khp kn l kch thuc can
tnh sai so chuan. Can ch rang mot chuoi kch thuc cong nghe bao gi cng
bat dau t mat gia cong ti chuan dinh vi roi den goc kch thuc v cuoi cng tro
ve mat gia cong de tao thnh chuoi kch thuc khp kn.
Giai chuoi kch thuc theo phuong php cuc tieu-cuc dai. Nghia l:
i
n
1 i i
c
x
x

=

=

Phuong php xc suat.
Phuong php ny duoc su dung khi do chnh xc gia cong yeu cau cao, trong san
xuat hng loat v hng khoi. Trnh tu thuc hien qu trnh tnh ton cng giong
nhu phuong php tren nhung sau d giai chuoi kch thuc cong nghe bang
phuong php xc suat. Nghia l:

=
1 i
n
2
i
2
i
2
i
c
x . K

. K
K
i
- he so phu thuoc vo quy luat phan bo cua kch thuc th i trong chuoi kch
thuc cong nghe. Thong thung K11,5. Neu phan bo theo dung cong phan
bo chuan th K1.
Cc v du ve sai so chuan cua kch thuc gia cong bang phuong php cuc tieu-
cuc dai.
\i du thu 1: tnh sai co chuan khi gia cong cc kch thuc H
1
,H
2
,H
3
tren chi tiet
truc c dung knh D
-
duoc g tren khoi V di l
g
Chuong 1: Co s thit k d g
23
- Tnh H
1

H
1
AMAMN-N
H
1
AMN-A
2
sin
1

H
1

2
sin . 2
2

D
MN
D
+
H
1
a
1

2
D
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|

2
sin
1
1
0
1 2 1 1
= + H x x a Hinh 1.12 So do tnh sai so chuan
H
1
a
1
- x
1
x
2
vi a
1
const : x
1

2
sin . 2

D
: x
2

2
D

- Tnh
) (
1
H c

0
1
=

:
2 ) (
D
OA

=

p dung bieu thc:
i
n
i i
H c
x
x

=
1
) (
)
2
1
.(
2
2
sin
1
.
2 2

SIN
d D D
= =
- Tnh
) 2 ( H c
: Ta c H
2
D - H
1
: H
2
)
2
sin
1
1 .(
2

+
D
: )
2
sin
1
1 (
2
) (
2

+ =
D
H c

Tnh
) 3 ( H c
: Ta c H
3
MMN-N v
H
3
MN-
1 1
2
sin
1
.
2
x a
OA
=

:
2
sin
1
.
2
) (
3

D
H c
=
\i du thu 2: Tnh sai so chuan cua kch thuc h khi dng mat dau thng
dng v lo lm chuan. Mat dau ty vo hai phien ty han che 3 bac tu do, lo duoc
dinh vi bang chot tru ngan, tam chot vuong gc vi mat phng cua hai phien ty.
X
3
D
O
M
A
N
H
1
H
2
X
2
H
3
X
1
a
1
a
2
a
o
g
Chuong 1: Co s thit k d g
24
Sai so chuan
) (h c
duoc xc dinh nhu sau:
) (h c
h
max
-h
min

Vi h
max
CS
max/
/2: H
min
C-S
max
/2
Vay
) (h c
h
max
-h
min
S
max

Trong d S
max
_ Khe ho ln nhat gia lo
chuan l chot dinh vi
S
max

d
S
min

D
Dung sai dung knh lo chuan.

d
Dung sai dung knh chot
S
min
Khe ho nho nhat gia lo chuan v
chot dinh vi. Neu dng chot dn hoi, chot
s luon luon tiet xc vi lo chuan, tam
chot trng vi tam lo chuan v khe ho gia Hinh1.13 So do dinh vi bang
lo chuan v chot g khong c, hoac dng chot tru ngan khi chuan l lo v
chot con tuy dong hung truc th
) (h c
0 cch tnh sai so chuan.
3. Sai so kep phoi (
k
):
Sai so kep phoi xuat hien do luc kep chat phoi thay doi gay ra v gi tri cua
n bang luong di dong cua chuan goc chieu len phuong kch thuc thuc hien.

K
(y
max
-y
min
).cos
Trong d l gc gia phuong cua kch thuc thuc hien v phuong dich chuyen
y cua chuan goc.
y
max
, y
min
Luong dich chuyen ln nhat v nho nhat cua goc kch thuc khi luc kep
thay doi tuong ng.
Su dich chuyen cua chuan goc l do dui tc dung cua luc kep lm bien
dang be mat chi tiet dng lm chuan dinh vi khi n tiep xc vi do dinh vi. Bang
thuc nghiem gio su A.P. Xocolopski d thnh lap cong thc xc dinh bien dang
o vi tr tiep xc gia be mat cua chi tiet v do dinh vi l: C.q
n

Trong d:
h
m
a
x
h
m
i
n
c

=

c
o
n
s
t
c
(
h
)
3
dmin
dmax
g
Chuong 1: Co s thit k d g
25
- C l he so phu thuoc vo vat lieu gia cong v tnh trang be mat tiep xc
cua chi tiet vi do dinh vi.
- q l p luc rieng tren be mat tiep xc vi do dinh vi.
- n l So m, n1
4. Sai so do g (
dg
)
Sai so do g
dg
sinh ra do che tao, lap rp do g khong chnh xc
ct
: do
mn do g chu yeu l mn do dinh vi
m
v do lap dat do g len my khong
chnh xc gay ra
ld
, thong thung
ld
0,01mm
Sai so do g c the xc dinh nhu sau:
dg

ct

ld

Khi che tao do g, ngui ta thung chon do chnh xc cua do g cao hon do
chnh xc can dat cua chi tiet duoc gia cong tren n t nhat mot cap.
o mn be mat lm viec cua do dinh vi phu thuoc vo vat lieu cua n, vo
vat lieu v trong luong cua chi tiet gia cong, vo tnh trang be mat tiet xc gia
chi tiet v do dinh vi vo dieu kien g dat cua chi tiet tren do g.
o mn be mat cua do dinh vi c the xc dinh nhu sau: N u =
Trong d: N l so lan tiep xc cua chi tiet gia cong vi do dinh vi
he so phu thuoc vo hnh dang cua do dinh vi, dieu kien tiep
xc gia mat chuan cua chi tiet v be mat lm viec cua do dinh vi cng nhu tnh
trang lm viec cua chng
Sai so lap dat do g tren my
ld
khong ln lam. Khi dinh vi do g tren my
phai dieu chinh khe ho o mat dan hung hay do dong tam tren cc truc my. Lc
ny sai so g dat do g len my phu thuoc vo do chnh xc cua dung cu do v
trnh do tay nghe ngui do. Sai so g nhieu khi rat kh xc dinh v thung nho.
Nhu vay de dat duoc yeu cau gia cong th tong cc sai so xuat hien trong
qu trnh gia cong phai nho hon dung sai cho php. Nghia l:
+ + + + +
hd
2
d . g
2
n
2
m
2
c . d
h . d
2
3 3
Trong d:
gd
) 5 / 1 2 / 1 ( =
gd

dung sai cho php cua kch thuc can dat
g
Chuong 1: Co s thit k d g
26

gd
sai so g dat thuc te xuat hien khi g dat

dh
Sai so do bien dang dn hoi cua he thong cong nghe gay ra

dc
Sai so do dieu chinh my

m
Sai so do mn dung cu

n
Sai so do bien dang nhiet cua he thong cong nghe gay ra
hd
Tong sai so hnh dang cua phoi tren tiet dien khc nhau
T d ta c dieu kien can phai thoa mn nhu sau:
2
t . ch
2
d . l
2
m
2
k
2
c
2
g . d
2
k
2
c gd gd
+ + + + = + + =
Nhu vay de thoa mn yeu cau lm viec, nghia l khi gia cong tren do g
luon luon dat duoc yeu cau k thuat cua chi tiet, khi che tao do g phai thoa mn
dieu kien sau:
2
d . l
2
m
2
k
2
c gd t . ch
+ + + + =
Vi
t . ch
l sai so che tao.
---------- ----------



CU HOI VA BAI TAP
1. Trnh by quan he gia dung loi cong nghe, bien php cong nghe vi dang
san xuat (phan tn nguyen cong, tap trung nguyen cong).
2. The no l g dat? Muc dch, nghia cua g dat? Trnh by cc phuong php
g dat d hoc v cong dung cua n.
3. Trnh by nguyen tac 6 diem khi dinh vi chi tiet. Cho v du minh hoa dinh vi
hon ton v dinh vi khong hon ton, sieu dinh vi.
4. Trnh by sai so g dat : Sai so chuan : Sai so do kep chat. (Trnh by dung
loi tnh ton, phuong php tnh sai so che tao do g).
g
Chuong 2: Kt cu d g
27
CHUONG 2
KT CAU D G
(14 tiet)
MUC TU BA HOC
_ Gii thieu cc thnh phan v ket cau co ban cua do g.
_ Lua chon duoc cc thnh phan v ket cau ph hop khi thiet ke do ga.
N DUNG
I. INH VI
1. Yeu cau doi voi co cau dinh vi:
o dinh vi l cc chi tiet hoac co cau cua do g, duoc bo tr sao cho khi mat
lm viec cua chng tiep xc vi mat chuan cua chi tiet gia cong th vi tr cua chi
tiet duoc xc dinh chnh xc so vi my v dao.
Cc chi tiet v co cau dinh vi duoc chia lm hai loai: dinh vi chnh v dinh
vi phu. Chi tiet dinh vi chnh, l nhng chi tiet c the khu duoc mot so hoac ton
bo bac tu do cua chi tiet gia cong, bao dam cho chi tiet c vi tr xc dinh trong do
g. Co cau dinh vi phu l nhng co cau dng de tang them do cng vng cua chi
tiet gia cong m khong c tc dung khu bac tu do. Co cau dinh vi phu khong
duoc lm thay doi vi tr chi tiet gia cong d duoc xc dinh, co cau dinh vi phu
thung l dieu chinh v di dong duoc. Cc chi tiet dinh vi phu khong han che
nhung khong nen qu nhieu lm cho do g cong kenh, phc tap.
Cc chi tiet dinh vi yeu cau che tao chnh xc, bao dam do cng v do
chong mn cao, de thay the khi bi hu hong. e nang cao do chong mn, cc chot
ty phai lm bang thp 8 hoac thp 20 qua tham cc bon v toi dat do cng 55
60 HC. Cc chot ty phu che tao bang thp 45 v toi dat do cng 40 50 HC.
Trong mot so trung hop, mat ty cua cc chi tiet dinh vi cn duoc ma Crom hoac
hn dap bang hop kim cng. Cc be mat cua chi tiet dinh vi m den do nhm
a

0,63 m..
g
Chuong 2: Kt cu d g
28
Mat khc, hnh dang, kch thuc v yeu cau k thuat cua do dinh vi phai
phu thuoc vo hnh dang kch thuc cua mat chuan v yeu cau k thuat cua mat
can gia cong.
Tuy theo tnh chat cua mat chuan, do dinh vi c nhieu loai khc nhau.
2. Cc co cau dinh vi:
a) Do dinh vi khi chuan l mt phng
Khi chuan l mat phng, do dinh vi chi tiet gia cong gom cc loai chot ty, cc
loai phien ty.. Moi chot ty c kha nang han che mot bac tu do. Mat phng han
che hai bac tu do th dng hai chot ty, han che ba bac tu do th dng 3 chot ty.
Tuy theo tnh chat cua mat chuan, c the dng cc loai mat dinh vi khc nhau
sao cho thuan tien ve mat che tao, su dung nhung van dam bao do chnh xc gia
cong cua chi tiet g dat tren chng.
Chot ty









Hinh 2.1 Cc loai chot ty cng.
Chot ty de dinh vi khi chuan l mat phng. C nhieu loai chot ty (hnh 2.1) trong
d cc loai a, b dng khi chuan l mat phng tho: loai c dng khi chuan l mat
phng tinh. Chot ty duoc lap ghp vi than go g c the truc tiep hoac thong qua
mot bac lt ( hnh 2.1d )
Chot ty c dung knh D 12mm duoc che tao bang thp ccbon dung cu c
hm luong C 0,70,8% v toi dat do cng HC 5060
g
Chuong 2: Kt cu d g
29
4
5

B
b
h1
h2
Khi D 12mm c the che tao bang thp ccbon c hm luong C 0,150,2%,
toi sau khi tham than dat do cng HC 5560
So chot ty duoc dng o moi mat chuan bang so bac tu do m n can han che.
Phien ty
Phien ty l do dinh vi khi chuan l mat phng tinh c dien tch ph hop
Phien ty c nhieu loai (hnh 2.2). Moi loai c nhng dac diem v pham vi ng
dung rieng. Tren hnh 2.2 c l loai phien ty c ket cau gon, nhe, su dung c hieu
qua nhung che tao ton km hon cc loai khc.
Phien ty thung lm bang thp c hm luong ccbon t 0,150,2%, toi sau khi
tham than de dat do cng HC 5560







a)




b) c)
Hinh 2.2 Cc loai phien ty
a) Phien ty phng b) Phien ty bac c) Phien ty x rnh
Chot ty dieu chinh v chot ty tu lua:
ay l hai loai chot ty duoc dng khi chuan dinh vi l mat phng tho, sai so
cua phoi ln do cong nghe che tao phoi km. Lc ny dng hai chot ty cng, mot
chot ty dieu chinh nham chinh lai vi tr cua phoi (hnh 2.3 a). Neu mat chuan tho
c1
L
d1
d
h
H
c
g
Chuong 2: Kt cu d g
30
c sai lech ve do khong vuong gc vi mat phng chuan khc cng duoc dng th
phai su dung chot ty tu lua (hnh 2.3 b). Tuy loai chot ty ny tiep xc vi phoi tai
hai diem nhung n chi xc dinh mot bac tu do.

Hnh 2.3 Chot ty dieu chinh (a) v chot ty tu lua (b)
Chot ty phu:
Chot ty phu khong c tc dung dinh vi chi tiet, nghia l khong tham gia bac
tu do, m chi c tc dung nang cao do cng vng cua chi tiet khi g dat. Chot ty
phu c nhieu loai (hnh 2.4). Khi g dat chi tiet, chot ty phu o dang tu do, chua
co dinh. Dui tc dung cua l xo 4, chot 1 luon luon tiep xc vi mat ty cua chi
tiet gia cong d duoc dinh vi. Chot 2, 5 v vt 3 de co dinh vi tr cua chot 1 sau
khi g dat xong chi tiet.

Hnh 2.4 Cc loai chot ty phu
1.Chot ty: 2.Chot ho tro: 3.Vt chinh: 4.L xo: 5.Chot
2. o dinh vi khi chuan l mat tru ngoi:
Khi chuan l mat tru ngoi, do dinh vi thung dng l khoi V. Mot khoi V
c the dng dinh vi duoc nhng phoi tru c dung knh khc nhau. Khoi V ngan
g
Chuong 2: Kt cu d g
31
l do dinh vi m mat chuan tren chi tiet gia cong chi tiep xc vi n tren chieu
di L vi L/D 1 han che 2 bac tu do (D _ ung knh cua phoi). Khoi V di c
chieu di tiep xc vi mat chuan sao cho L/D 1 han che 4 bac tu do.
Khi chuan dinh vi l mat tru ngoi, neu gia cong tren nhm my tien th
do dinh vi l cc chau kep cua mam cap 3 chau tu dinh tam. Neu l mat tru tinh
(d gia cong chnh xc tren nhm my tien hoac my phay...), do dinh vi c the
l ong kep dn hoi. ng kep dn hoi duoc che tao t cc thp C45, 20Cr, 40Cr,
CD70A, CD100A, 90CrSi. Cc be mat lm viec cua chng phai duoc toi dat do
cng 4550 HC.






1_ ng kep dn hoi
Hinh2.5 Mot so loai ong kep dn hoi
c) Do dinh vi khi chuan l mt tru trong (lo)
Tuy theo yeu cau ve g dat v tnh chat cua mat chuan, c the dng nhieu loai do
dinh vi khc nhau.
Khi chuan l lo tinh, do dinh vi thung dng l:
Cc loai chot g:
- Chot tru di c kha nang han che 4 bac tu do ve ket cau, chieu di phan lm
viec L cua chot s tiep xc vi lo chuan D c t le L/D 1,5. Neu phoi hop vi
mat phng de dinh vi chi tiet th mat phng chi duoc han che mot bac tu do.
- Chot tru ngan c kha nang han che hai bac tu do tinh tien theo hai phuong
vuong gc vi tam chot. T le L/D 0,330,35.
- Chot trm, cn c the goi l chot vt, chi han che mot bac tu do
g
Chuong 2: Kt cu d g
32
Ve ket cau, chot trm tuong tu nhu chot tru ngan nhung phan lm viec cua
n duoc vt bt di sao cho cc be vt doi xng vi nhau qua mat phng tam chot.
Vat lieu dng che tao cc loai chot g nhu sau:
- Khi d
c
16mm chot g duoc chet tao t thp dung cu 7A, 10A, 9XC, CD70
- Khi d
c
16mm chot g duoc che tao t thp Crom - 20X, tham than dat chieu
dy lp tham 0,81,2mm, sau d toi dat HC 5055
Lap ghp gia lo chuan v chot g l moi ghp long nhe nhung khe ho nho nhat
)
7 h
7 H
( de c the giam bt sai so chuan.
Cn lap ghp gia chot g vi than do g thung l )
7 k
7 H
( hoac )
7 m
7 H
(
Tuy thuoc vo kch thuc can dat v vi tr tuong quan gia phoi so vi do dinh vi
m sai so chuan gay ra s khc nhau. Trong bang 2.1 l cong thc tnh sai so
chuan tuong ng vi cc so do g dat cu the khc nhau khi chuan l lo duoc g
tren cc loai chot g khc nhau.
Khi lap quy trnh cong nghe gia cong cc chi tiet dang hop, ta thung chon
chuan thong nhat l mat phng v hai lo chuan phu, trong d mat phng han che
3 bac tu do, chot tru ngan han che 2 bac tu do, chot trm han che 1 bac tu do
chong xoay xung quanh cua chot tru.
eu cau ve do nhm cua be mat cua mat phng lm chuan phai c

0,630,25m, do chnh xc cua hai lo lm chuan khong thap hon cap 7, do
vuong gc gia hai mat phng chuan v hai lo chuan phu c sai lech
0,02/100mm
Goi: L-kch thuc danh nghia khoang cch gia hai lo lm chuan v hai chot
dinh vi tren do g (mm),

1
- dung sai khoang cch tam gia hai lo (mm),

2
- dung sai khoang cch tam gia hai chot dinh vi (mm),
2
1min
- khe ho nho nhat gia lo 1 v chot dinh vi (mm)
2
2min
- khe ho nho nhat gia lo 2 v chot dinh vi (mm)
d
2c
- dung knh chot dinh vi (mm)
g
Chuong 2: Kt cu d g
33
d
2l
- dung knh lo can dinh vi (mm)
Bang 2.1
Tnh chat g dat So do g dat
Kch thuc
dat
Cong thc tnh
G chi tiet tren
chot dn hoi
(khong c khe ho
gia chot g v
lo chuan)
H
1
H
2
H
3
H
4

H1
H2
H3
H4
e 2
2
) 2 H ( c ) H ( c
1
+

= =
e 2
) 3 H ( c
1
=
0
) 4 H ( c
=
G chi tiet len
chot cng tiep
xc hai pha
H
1
H
2
H
3

H1
H2
H3
H4
+ +

= = e 2
2
) 2 H ( c ) H ( c
1

+ + + = 2 e 2
2 1 ) 3 H ( c

+ + = 2
2 1 ) 4 H ( c

G chi tiet len
chot cng tiep
xc mot pha
H
1
H
2
H
3

H1
H2
H3
H4
e 2
2
) 2 H ( c ) H ( c
1
+ +

= =

e 2
2 2
2 1
) 3 H ( c
+

=
2 2
2 1
) 4 H ( c

=

Trung hop xau nhat l khi khoang cch gia hai tam lo ln nhat cn khoang
cch gia hai chot dinh vi b nhat (hnh 2.5), khe ho lap ghp gia cc lo v cc
chot b nhat (2
1min
2
2min
).
Ta s c: (2
1min
2
2min
) (
1

2
)
V vay dieu kien de lap duoc chi tiet vo hai chot dinh vi s l:

1min
2
2min
(
1

2
)
e g dat duoc moi chi tiet, chot 4 neu l hnh truc can lm nho hon lo 2 nghia
l: d
2c
d
2l
- 2
1

g
Chuong 2: Kt cu d g
34
Trong thuc te, ngui ta t dng chot 4 hnh tru v nhu vay kha nang xoay cua
chi tiet xung quanh tam cua chot 1 s ln. e giam bt gc xoay d, chot 4 duoc
vt thnh hnh qua trm (hnh 2.5b).
Nhu vay theo hnh 2.5b, chi tiet c the g dat de dng khi c luong bo sung theo
bn knh BC D , bang nua tong dung sai khoang cch tam gia hai lo
chuan v dung sai khoang cch tam cua hai chot tr di khe ho bn knh gia lo
tru v chot tru.
Luong bo sung d l th duoc xc dinh nhu sau:
1

2
-
1min


Hnh 2.5 So do g dat khi dinh vi chi tiet bang mat phng v hai chot
1.Chi tiet gia cong: 2.Phien ty: 3.Chot tru: 4.Chot trm.
Nhu vay bn knh chot trm s l: r
trm
r
2l
-
Goi phan lm viec cua chot trm l 2b th t cc tam gic
2
AB v
2
AC ta c:
2 2
l 2
2 2
ctrm
2 2
l 2
b ) r ( b r ) c b ( r = = +
c
c
. d
b 2
l 2

= Vi c
Xe dich cua phoi so vi vi tr trung bnh cua n nam tren dung noi hai tam chot
v vuong gc vi truc chot dinh vi x duoc xc dinh bang khe ho bn knh gia
hai lo chuan v chot dinh vi hnh tru
1min

x
min

1min
x
min

1min

1l

1c

1m

Gc quay ln nhat cua phoi so vi vi tr trung bnh s l:
g
Chuong 2: Kt cu d g
35
L
sin
m 2 c 2 21 min 1 m 1 c 1 1 l min l
+ + + + + + +

Trong d:

1l
,
2l
- dung sai dung knh lo 1 v lo 2 (mm)

1c
,
2c
- dung sai dung knh chot 1 v chot 2 (mm)

1m
,
2m
- luong mn cho php cua chot 1 v chot 2 (mm)
Goi l tam quay cua chi tiet nam tren dung
1

2
v cch
1
mot khoang l A
th A duoc xc dinh nhu sau:
L . A
m 2 c 2 l 2 min 2 m 1 c 1 l 1 min 1
m 1 c 1 l 1 min l
+ + + + + + +
+ + +
=
Kch thuc phan lm viec cua chot trm c the tham khao duoc trong bang 2.2
Bang 2.2 Kch thuc lm viec cua chot trm
d
c
(mm) 46 610 1018 1830 3050 50
b (mm) 2 3 5 8 12 14
B (mm) d -1 d -2 d -4 d -6 d -10 Tu chon
Lap ghp gia mat chuan v mat lm viec cua truc g phai c khe ho d nho de
dam bao do dong tam gia mat gia cong v mat chuan thung dng moi ghp
H7/h7. Ket cau truc g hnh tru nhu tren hnh 2.6
- Iruc ga hinh con: d khe ho truc g hnh tru v mat chuan kh nho, nhung van
ton tai lech tam gia mat gia cong v mat chuan. e khac phuc tnh trang d c
the dng truc g con vi gc con khoang 35
0
(do con khoang 1/5001/1000).
(hnh 2.7) Truc g con c kha nang truyen momen xoan kh ln, tuy nhien viec
tho chi tiet ra khoi truc khong de dng
g
Chuong 2: Kt cu d g
36
Hnh 2.6 Truc g hnh tru Hnh 2.7 Truc g con phoi
Hnh 2.8 .Truc g con di dong Hnh 2.9.Truc g dn hoi
Khi gia cong cc chi tiet c dung knh lo chuan khc nhau nhieu, de giam so
luong truc g can che tao, ta dng truc g con di dong (hnh 2.8)
- Iruc ga dn hoi: khi gia cong cc loai bac thnh mong tren my tien, my mi
trn ngoi. de trnh bien dang do luc kep gay ra, ta dng truc g dn hoi (hnh
2.9). Loai ny ngoi kha nang sinh ra luc kep dong deu cn c kha nang dinh
tam cao (0,01 den 0,02mm). Neu l chuan tho (lo chua gia cong) de xc dinh
dng dung tam cua lo chuan thung dng chot con cng hoac tuy dong.
Chot con cng c kha nang han che 3 bac tu do tinh tien (hnh 2.10 a). Khi
chi can han che hai bac tu do tinh tien theo hai phuong vuong gc vi dung tam
lo th phai dng chot con tuy dong (hnh 2.10 b)









Hnh 2.10.Cc loai chot con
a.Chot con cng: b.Chot con tuy dong
d) Do dinh vi khi chuan l hai lo tam:
g
Chuong 2: Kt cu d g
37
Khi gia cong mat tru ngoi cua cc truc bac tren my tien hoac my mi, de dam
bao do dong tam cua cc bac phai dng chuan thong nhat l hai lo tam v do
dinh vi l cc loai mi tam.
_ Mi tam cng Mi tam cng duoc lap vo lo con cua truc chnh my tien hoac
my mi, n han che 3 bac tu do tinh tien. Nhng mi tam lap vo u sau cua cc
my d chi han che 2 bac tu do quay xung quanh 2 truc vuong gc vi nhau v
vuong gc vi dung tam chi tiet gia cong. ieng mi tam cng cua u sau my
mi bao gi cng vt di mot phan, mat vt song song vi dung tam chi tiet v
vuong gc vi mat phng cha hai dung tam chi tiet v d, chieu di phan vt
ln hon chieu rong d de khi mi chi tiet nho d khong cham vo mi tam.
_ Mi tam tuy dong (hnh 2.11)
Trong qu trnh gia cong, neu kch thuc chieu truc yeu cau chnh xc, can thiet
phai dng mat dau lm chuan, han che bac tu do phuong doc truc cua chi tiet sao
cho chuan dinh vi trng vi goc kch thuc. Lc ny do dinh vi phai dng l mi
tam tuy dong doc truc. Sau khi g dat xong mi tam phai kep cng lai.









Hnh 2.11.Mi tam tuy dong
_ Mi tam quay (hnh 2.12)
Khi tien cao toc, so vng quay cua
truc chnh ln (n1000vg/ph), neu
dng mi tam cng mi tam chuan
c the bi mn v lm sai vi tr
g
Chuong 2: Kt cu d g
38
tuong doi cua chi tiet so vi dao. e khac phuc hien tuong xau ny phai dng
mi tam quay.
Hinh 2.13 Mi tam quay
II. KEP CHAT VA CO CAU KEP CHAT :
1.Khi niem ve kep chat v yeu cau cua co cau kep chat:
Kep chat l cong viec tiep theo sau khi dinh vi de hon thnh viec g dat chi
tiet. Co cau kep chat l mot bo phan cua do g c nhiem vu sinh ra luc kep khi c
nguon luc tc dung vo n. Tc dung cua co cau kep chu yeu l dam bao su tiep
xc chac chan gia phoi v do dinh vi, dong thi khong cho n dich chuyen cng
nhu khong bi rung dong trong qu trnh gia cong dui tc dung cua luc cat.
Ngoi co cau kep chnh c khi cn dng co cau kep bo sung nham tang do vng
cua he thong cong nghe, do d nang cao do chnh xc gia cong, dam bao duoc do
nhm yeu cau v nang cao nang suat.
Thong thung co cau dinh vi v co cau kep chat tch ri nhau de trnh gay
bien dang cua co cau dinh vi dui tc dung cua luc kep, dam bao do chnh xc
cua phoi. Co cau kep c cc yeu cau co ban sau:
- Khong duoc ph hong vi tr d dinh vi cua phoi
- Luc kep phai du de chi tiet khong bi xe dich dui tc dung cua luc cat nhung
khong qu ln so vi cc gi tri can thiet de trnh sinh ra bien dang cua phoi.
- Khong lm hong be mat do luc kep tc dung vo
- Thao tc nhanh, d ton sc.
- Ket cau nho, gon, an ton, thnh mot khoi de de bao quan, sua cha.
- Co gang lm cho phuong, chieu cua luc kep vuong gc v hung vo mat chuan
chnh, khong nguoc chieu vi luc cat.
- iem dat cua luc kep nam ngay tren do dinh vi hoac nam trong da gic chan de
tao nen boi cc do dinh vi tiep xc vi mat chuan chnh de khong gay lat hoac
bien dang phoi.
C nhieu loai co cau kep, moi loai c cc dac diem ve ket cau, tnh nang co
ban v pham vi su dung khc nhau.
g
Chuong 2: Kt cu d g
39

2. Phuong php tnh luc kep can thiet:
Viec tnh ton luc kep duoc coi l gan dng trong dieu kien phoi o trang
thi can bang tinh dui tc dung cua ngoai luc. Cc ngoai luc bao gom: luc kep,
phan luc o cc diem tua, luc ma st o cc mat tiep xc, luc cat, trong luc cua chi
tiet gia cong. Gi tri cua luc kep ln hay nho l ty thuoc vo cc ngoai luc tc
dung ke tren. Luc cat v momen cat duoc xc dinh cu the theo phuong php cat.
Trong thuc te luc cat khong phai l hang so. Ngoi ra c nhieu dieu kien khc
khong on dinh nhu be mat phoi khong bang phng, nguon sinh luc tc dung vo
co cau kep de sinh ra luc kep khong on dinh v.v.
e tnh den cc yeu to gay nen khong on dinh ni tren, khi tnh luc kep ngui ta
dua them vo cc he so:
K
0
- he so an ton trong moi trung hop K
0
1,52
K
1
- he so ke den luong du khong deu (khi gia cong tho K
1
1,2: khi gia cong
tinh K
1
1)
K
2
- he so ke den dao cn lm tang luc cat, K
2
11,9
K
3
- he so ke den v cat khong lien tuc lm luc cat tang.
K
4
- he so ke den nguon sinh luc khong on dinh (khi kep chat bang tay K
4
1,3:
khi kep chat bang kh nn hay thu luc K
4
1,0.
K
5
- he so ke den vi tr cua tay quay cua co cau kep thuan tien hay khong (khi
kep chat bang tay: gc quay 90
0
, K
5
1,0: gc quay90
0
, K
5
1,2).
K
6
- he so ke tnh den momen lm lat phoi quanh diem tua (khi dinh vi tren cc
chot ty: K
6
1,0: khi dinh vi tren cc phien ty: K
6
1,5).
He so dieu chinh chung K de dam ao an ton l:
K K
0
.K
1
.K
2
.K
3
.K
4.
K
5.
.K
6

Phai can c vo tng dieu kien cu the de xc dinh tng he so rieng biet.
Sau day l cch tnh luc kep cua mot so trung hop dien hnh:
\i du thu 1: Khi luc cat P cng chieu vi luc kep v vuong gc vi mat chuan
chnh (hnh 2.14 a)
g
Chuong 2: Kt cu d g
40
Neu he khong c kha nang gay ra truot th 0, nghia l c the khong can den
luc kep chat. V du, khi chuot p lo (chuot dng, thuc su khong can den co cau
kep). Khi c kha nang gay ra luc truot N th: P
f
N . K
W = Trong d:
K - he so an ton
f - he so ma st gia mat chuan v do dinh vi,
(mat tho: f0,20,3: mat tinh: f0,10,15),
N - Luc truot
\i du thu 2:Khi luc cat P cng chieu vi luc kep (hnh 2.14).
K(PG) (G - trong luong chi tiet )
\i du thu 3:Luc kep vuong gc vi luc cat v mat chuan chnh (hnh 2.14 c)
2 1
f f
P . K
W
+
= Trong d:
f
1
- he so ma st gia mo kep v chi tiet (f
1
0,10,15)
f
2
- he so ma st gia mat chuan cua chi tiet v do dinh vi (mat tho:
f
2
0,20,3: mat tinh: f
2
0,10,15)
W
P
N
P
N
G
W
W
N
P
W.f 1
W.f 2

a) b) c)
Hinh 2.14 So do kep chat khi chuan l mat phng.
\i du thu 4:Tnh luc kep can thiet khi gia cong tren my tien, chi tiet g tren
mam cap 3 chau tu dinh tam (hnh 2.15).
Lc ny chi tiet c kha nang quay xung quanh tam cua n v truot tren cc chau
kep dong thi c the truot theo phuong doc truc chi tiet.
g
Chuong 2: Kt cu d g
41
W.f
Px
W
W.f
W.f
W.f
W
W
W
R
Rc

Hinh 2.15 So do tnh luc kep khi tien
Phuong trnh can bang momen s l

.f. K.M
c

.f. K.P

.
c

Do d:
R . f
R . P . K
W
c c
z
= v
Z
W
W
z
=
Trong d:

- tong luc kep cua cc chau kep ( chau) (N),

- luc kep o mot chau (N),
M
c
- momen cat (M
c
P
c
.
c
) (Nm),
f - he so ma st
P

- luc cat tiep tuyen (N),

c
- bn knh gia cong (mm),
- bn knh mat chuan (mm).
Phuong trnh can bang chong truot doc truc s l:

.f. K.P
x
do d
f
P . K
W
x
z
=
He so ma st f c the tham khao so lieu sau:
Khi mat chuan tho tua tren chau kep kha nhm th f 0,50,7
\i du thu 5: Tnh luc kep khi kep chat trong ong kep dn hoi (hnh 2.16).
g
Chuong 2: Kt cu d g
42
Viec xc dinh luc kep trong trung
hop ny cng tuong tu nhu khi xc
dinh luc kep tren mam cap 3 hay 4
chau, nghia l cng bao gom hai
trung hop chong xoay v chong truot
doc truc.

.f. K.M
c
K.P

.
c

.f K.P
x

Z
W
W
z
=
Hinh 2.16 So do tnh luc kep chat
trong ong kep dn hoi
\i du thu 6:Tnh luc kep khi khoan:
Trong trung hop luc kep nam theo phuong thng dng v cng chieu
vi luc P
0
th thuc te luc kep khong can ln lam (hnh 2.17).
Tuy nhien de gia cong duoc, luc kep phai thang duoc momen cat M
c

0
c
0
R .
d
M . 2
. K r . f ). P W ( +
0
0 c
P
r . f . d
R . M . K 2
W = Trong d:
K - he so an ton chung
M
c
- momen cat khi khoan (N.m),

0
- khoang cch t tam chi tiet v
tam mi khoan (mm),
d - dung knh mi khoan (mm),
f - he so ma st, Hinh 2.17 So do tnh luc kep khi khoan
r - bn knh trung bnh cua mat tiep xc gia chi tiet v do dinh vi (mm).
Khi khoan lo c dung tam song song vi tam chi tiet tru, chi tiet phai g
dat tren khoi V, luc kep vuong gc vi tam chi tiet (hnh 2.18).
Luc kep phai dam bao sao cho chi tiet khong bi xoay quanh n do tc dong
cua M
c
dong thi khong xe dich doc truc do tc dong cua luc doc truc P
0
.

R
Rc
Q
W
S
P
Ro
D
d
Mk
W
D1
g
Chuong 2: Kt cu d g
43
Phuong trnh can bang de dam bao khong truot l:
0 2 1
P . K f . W
2
sin
W
f +

Vay:
2
1
0
f
2
sin
f
P . K
W
+

=
Phuong trnh can bang de dam bao khong bi xoay l:
H .
d
M . K . 2
R ) f . W
2
sin 2
W
. f . 2 (
c
2 1
+

d
H
.
) f
2
sin
f
( R
M . K . 2
W
2
1
c
+

= ()
Trong d:
f
1
- he so ma st gia chi tiet v do dinh vi,
f
2
- he so ma st gia chi tiet v mo kep,
- bn knh cua chi tiet (mm).

Hinh 2.18 So do tnh luc kep khi khoan chi tiet tren khoi V.
\i du thu 7: Tnh luc kep khi phay.
C nhieu phuong php phay, o moi phuong php, luc cat c gi tri v hung khc
nhau lm cho luc kep khc nhau. Tuy theo so do cu the m phan tch, xem xt de
tnh luc kep dam bao kep chat vng vng.
A
O
W.f
W
N
N
F2
F2
d
P
Mk
W
F1
F2
R
g
Chuong 2: Kt cu d g
44
- Cia cong chi tiet hop tren may phay dung bng dao phay mt dau voi chuan l
mt day, bon mo kep tao ra luc kep vuong goc voi mt chuan (hnh 2.19)
Theo hnh v ta thay luc cat P

c tc dung ho tro cho luc kep (v cng chieu

vi luc kep), P
x
c tc dung lm cho chi tiet quay xung quanh canh 2-4 (canh 1-3
bi hat len), P
y
lm cho chi tiet quay xung quanh canh 3-4 (canh 1-2 bi hat len).
V vay luc kep o gc 1 phai c kha nang chong lai duoc tat ca cc momen cho
cc luc cat tren gay ra. Ta c:
K.P
x
.a 2.l () : K.P
y
.a 2.b () Do d:
(

+ =
b
P
l . 2
P
a . K W
y
x

Phuong trnh () dui tc dung cua
luc P
y
khi mi cat vo chi luc kep o vi tr 1
chiu cn khi dao sap thot khoi vng cat
th chi c luc kep o vi tr 2 chiu.
Tuy theo vi tr cua dao m trang thi
nguy hiem c the xe dich phoi khc nhau,
de dam bao an ton can thiet phai tnh luc
kep o vi tr nguy hiem nhat. Trong v du
tren khi dao o ben phai, he thong km an
ton hon khi n o ben tri. Trong 4 mo kep
th so 1 l mo kep phai chiu luc ln nhat
v tnh luc kep tai vi tr d. Cong thc ()
chnh l gi tri can tnh luc kep o gc 1.
Hinh 2.19 So do tnh luc kep khi phay mat
phng bang dao phay mat dau.
- Phay mt phng chi tiet hop bng dao phay mt dau, ga tren 6 diem tua han
che 6 bac tu do. Luc kep vuong goc voi mt phng dung di qua hai diem tua ben
hong cua chi tiet (hnh 2.20)
W W
Pz
Px
S
a
L
b
Py
1
4 3
2
g
Chuong 2: Kt cu d g
45
Lc ny luc ma st phai thang duoc thnh phan luc cat P
H
nham khong cho chi
tiet xe dich doc. Khi kep bang hai mo kep, luc kep do moi mo kep sinh ra l:

2

Luc ma st gay ra do moi luc kep l:
f
1
F
2
.f
phuong trnh can bang chong truot l:
2.f K.P
H

Vay:
f . 2
P . K
W
H
= Thnh phan luc P
H
c tc dung
day chi tiet vo hai diem tua ben hong khong gay
xe dich hoac lat chi tiet neu luc kep hung dng
vo cc diem tua hoac thap hon.


Hinh 2.20.So do tnh luc kep khi phay chi tiet g dat tren 6 diem tua (6 chot ty)
- Phay mt phng bng dao phay tru
Khi phan tch tc dung cua ngoai luc vo he
cho thay chi tiet c the bi lat v phuong
trnh can bang s l: K.P.l
1
.l
1

2
.l
2

2 1
l l
l . R
. K W
+
Trong d:
1

2
V
2
r
2
y
P P R + =
Hinh 2.21 So do tnh luc kep khi phay bang
dao phay tru

3. Mot so co cau kep thong dung:
a) Kep cht bng ren:
Kep chat bang ren l phuong php duoc dng pho bien trong san suat hng
loat, loat nho v don chiec. Co cau kep bang ren c ket cau don gian, tnh van
g
Chuong 2: Kt cu d g
46
nang cao, luc kep ln, tnh tu hm tot, nhung dng tay de van nen ton sc, kep
cham, nang suat thap.
e tnh luc kep sinh ra khi kep chat bang ren, ta trien khai bulong v nhan
thay n c dang hnh chem m gc nghieng cua n chnh l gc nang cua ren
Can bang phuong trnh momen ta c:
.L M
1
M
2

1
.r
tb
F
2
.

() Trong d:
M
1
- momen ma st gia bulong v dai oc,
M
2
- momen ma st gia mieng kep v mat bi kep hoac gia dau dai oc v mat ty
cua n,
- luc tc dong de quay bulong,
L - cnh tay dn quay,

tb
- bn knh trung bnh cua bulong,

- bn knh trung bnh cua mieng kep

Theo phan tch luc ta c:

1
.tg(
1
): F
2
.tg
2
Thay
1
v F
2
vo () ta c: .L . tg(
1
).r
tb
. tg
2
.

Vay:
R . tg r ). ( tg
L . Q
W
2 tb 1
+ +
= Trong d: - gc nang cua ren:
tb
r . . 2
S
tg

1
- gc ma st gia bulong v dai oc:

2
- gc ma st gia mieng kep v be mat bi kep
ung knh bulong duoc xc dinh theo dieu kien chn dap ren hoac theo cc so
tay do g, phuc thuoc vo luc kep yeu cau, luc tc dong de quay co cau kep v
chieu di cnh tay dn.

c) Kep cht bng banh lech tam:
Bnh lech tam l mot loai chi tiet kep c tam quay khong trng vi tam hnh hoc
cua be mat lm viec, nh d khi quay bnh lech tam bn knh cong cua n tang
dan v an vo chi tiet de kep chat.
Kep chat bang bnh lech tam c nhng uu diem sau day:
g
Chuong 2: Kt cu d g
47
- Ket cau don gian.
- Kep chat nhanh (hnh trnh kep ngan)
Tuy nhien n c cc nhuoc diem sau:
- Hnh trnh kep ngan, khong thch hop vi cc phoi c luong du thay doi nhieu.
- Tao ra luc kep nho hon so vi kep chat bang ren.
- Tnh van nang km hon, the tch ln hon, cong kenh v tnh tu hm km hon so
vi kep chat bang ren.
C nhieu loai bnh lech tam. Bnh lech tam trn duoc dng nhieu nhat v n
don gian, thuan tien, de che tao.
Tnh ton bnh lech tam trn.
e xc dinh cc kch thuc co ban cua bnh lech tam trn can biet cc
thong so sau:
- Dung sai kch thuc kep cua phoi
- Gc quay c the cua bnh lech tam
- Luc kep can thiet de kep chat
c
.
Bnh lech tam trn c mat lm viec l mat tru tn xoay hay mot phan mat
tru trn nhung tam quay cua n lech vi tam hnh hoc mot doan l e (hnh 2.22)
Neu khai trien phan hnh sng trau c gach cho n s c hnh dng giong mot
chem. Tuy nhien o day dung huyen khong thng, gc nghieng c gi tri khc
nhau o moi diem lm viec lm cho luc kep thay doi theo, gc cng ln th luc
kep cng nho, o cc diem K v n c gc l nho nhat. Tai diem m th gc l
ln nhat v luc kep sinh ra l nho nhat. Xung quanh diem goc thay doi t v
luc kep cng thay doi t. e dam bao an ton khi gia cong ngui thiet ke phai bo
tr sao cho diem kep chat cua bnh lech tam o hai ben diem m v tnh ton luc
kep sinh ra o diem d. Khi tc dung ngoai luc vo cnh tay dn L de quay
bnh lech tam quanh tam quay cua n den vi tr sao cho cho C lm vi
phuong nam ngang mot gc v coi nhu d dng chem.
Momen . L truyen qua tiep diem A. Tai diem A chiu tc dung cua luc
2

vuong gc vi A (bn knh cong cua lech tam tai diem A). Ta c: .L
2
.
A

g
Chuong 2: Kt cu d g
48
Lc ny coi day l mot chem c gc nghieng chiu luc dng vo l
2
.
Neu coi l gc nho th:

2
F
1
.tg(
1
).tg
2

T d xc dinh duoc luc kep :
[ ]
2 1 A
tg ) ( tg .
L . Q
W
+ +
=

1
- gc ma st gia bnh lech tam v mat bi kep,

2
- gc ma st gia lo cua bnh lech tam v chot.
Hinh 2.22 So do tnh luc kep cua bnh lech tam trn
Cng tuong tu nhu chem dieu kien tu hm s l:
1

2
Tai diem m, ta c
max
, vay neu tai m d tu hm th tat ca cc diem khc deu
tu hm, nghia l o tat ca cc noi momen cua luc tc dung vo bnh lehc tam deu
nho hon momen do luc kep gay ra, ta c:
2
d
. F
2
D
. F e . W
2 1
+
2
d
. f . W
2
D
. f . W e . W
2 1
+
f
1
- he so ma st gia diem tiep xc cua bnh lech tam v mat kep,
f
2
- he so ma st gia lo cua bnh lech tam v chot
T d ta c:
2 1
f 2
d
f 2
D
e +
d) Kep bng dn kep hoc thanh truyen.
g
Chuong 2: Kt cu d g
49
Cc co cau ni tren khi kep truc tiep vo chi tiet, de lm hong be mat bi kep. Khi
su dung mot dn kep, so do xc dinh luc kep c the thuc hien nhu tren hnh 2.23
Trong d:
- luc tc dung vo dn kep, lm cho dn kep xoay quanh chot d de kep xuong
chi tiet.
l - khoang cch t tam chot d den vi tr cua luc tc dung .
L - khoang cch t tam chot d den vi tr kep (diem dat cua luc kep)
f - he so ma st gia dn kep v chot d.
Neu khong ke den ma st gia dn kep v chot d th ca ba trung hop tren deu c
luc kep l:
L
l
. Q W =
Khi su dung thanh truyen de truyen ngoai luc tc dung den vi tr can kep thong
qua chot kep (hnh 2.23) th luc kep c the xc dinh nhu sau:
Luc day cua thanh 1 day vo thanh truyen 2 nh noi thanh 1 vi thanh 2
bang chot xoay. Do c ma st gia chot xoay de noi thanh 1 vi 2 v gia chot
xoay de noi 2 vi 3 nen luc day cua thanh 2 vo thanh 3 (luc ) khong song
song vi thanh 2 m lech di mot gc . Thanh 3 bi day t pha dui, nen n bi
nghieng v nua dui cua n p vo pha phai cua lo tren vo 4 cn nua tren p vo
pha tri. Khi 3 di chuyen len pha tren de kep chat, do cc luc p cua 3 vo lo
tren vo 4 nen s gay ra luc ma st gia 3 v vo 4 (luc F

) o hai ben thnh.

r f L
r f l
Q W
.
.
.

=
W1 Q
W
l
L
F
d
g
Chuong 2: Kt cu d g
50




r . f L
r . f l
. Q W
+

=






r . f L
r . f l
. Q W
+
+
=

Hinh 2.23 So do tnh luc kep khi kep chat bang dn kep
Trong trung hop ny, xt he luc tc dung vo thanh 3, can bang he luc tc dung
theo phuong thng dng ta c:
2F

.cos()
) sin(

+
=
Q
R vi
0
l
f r 2 . .
sin = Trong d:
r - bnknh chot noi gia 1 vi 2 v gia 2 vi 3,
f - he so ma st gia cc lo tren 1, 2, 3 vi chot,
l
0
- khoang cch gia hai tam lo tren thanh 2.
2.F

2.N.tg
2

N - luc nn thng gc cua thanh 3 len mat cua lo 4 o nua tren v nua dui. Gi tri
v diem dat cua luc N duoc xc dinh tuy theo su phan bo luc p cua chot 3 len lo
4 (phan bo tam gic).
l L
W
F
W
Q
d
Q
L
W
d
W1
F
l
g
Chuong 2: Kt cu d g
51

2
- gc ma st gia thanh 3 vi lo tren vo 4
T d ta c:
)
`

+
=
2
1
tg
l
h 3
tg
1
Q W .
.
) (
.









Hinh 2.24 So do tnh luc kep thong qua he thanh truyen, chot kep
1.Thanh day: 2.Thanh truyen: 3.Thanh ty: 4.Vo d
e) Kep cht bng ong kep dn hoi:
ng kep dn hoi l mot loai co cau tu dinh tam, n lm hai nhiem vu l
dinh vi v kep chat chi tiet. o chnh xc dinh tam cua co cau ny c the ti
0,020,05mm.
ng kep dn hoi c be mat lm viec hnh con, trong l lo tru de dinh v kep
chat chi tiet, phan con duoc x thnh 3 cnh nhau 120
0
v ko di ra den phan tru
(hnh 2.25).
Lo tru tren ong kep dn hoi phai c dung sai sao cho phoi g dat duoc de
dng, nghia l moi ghp gia lo tru tren ong kep khi o trang thi tu do v dung
knh phan tru lm chuan cua chi tiet luon luon ton tai khe ho. V vay tc dung luc
ko (hay luc day) theo hung truc, dui tc dung cua mat con ngoi v khoang
cch gia cc cnh, ong kep s bp cc cnh vo de dinh vi roi kep chat chi tiet
sau khi d khu het khe ho gia lo cua ong kep v dung knh phan lm chuan cua
chi tiet.
g
Chuong 2: Kt cu d g
52
Neu coi moi cnh cua ong kep dn hoi tuong tu nhu mot chem th khi tc
dung mot luc ko vo n s sinh ra luc bp cc cnh theo hung knh l:
2 1
tg
2
tg
Q
W
+ +

=
) (
Trong d:
- gc con cua ong kep dn hoi,

1
- gc ma st gia ong kep dn hoi v vo ngoi

2
- gc ma st gia ong kep v phoi.
e cho cc cnh cua ong kep tiep xc vi mat chuan cua phoi, nghia l khu het
khe ho gia lo cua ong kep v phoi, can phai c mot luc
2
du lm bien dang
cc cnh d. Coi moi cnh l mot dam cong xon bi ngm mot dau th
2
s l:
f
L
J E 3
W
3 2
.
. .
= Trong d:
- modun dn hoi cua vat lieu lm ong kep dn hoi.
- tong momen qun tnh o tiet dien st ngm (tiet dien - tren hnh 2.25)
L - chieu di phan x rnh
f - khe ho gia bn knh lo v phoi
Nhu vay luc kep thuc su chi l:

1
-
2

f
L
J E 3
tg
2
tg
Q
W
3
2 1
.
. .
) (

+ +

=
e dinh vi hung truc c the dng them c C han che bac tu do doc truc.








g
Chuong 2: Kt cu d g
53


Hinh 2.25 So do tnh luc kep khi kep bang ong kep dn hoi.
4. Cc co cau sinh luc:
Ngoai luc tc dung vo co cau kep c the l luc xuat pht t tay cong nhan
hoac t mot co cau sinh luc no d chuyen ti co cau kep.
C nhieu loai co cau sinh luc nhu co cau kh nn, thu luc, dien t hoac co
cau sinh luc trong d su dung chuyen dong co hoc de tao ra luc tc dung vo co
cau kep nhu co cau sinh luc nh chuyen dong tien dao, nh luc ly tam hay nh
vo chnh tc dung cua luc cat.
a) Co cau sinh luc khi nn:
Kh nn duoc su dung trong do g ngy cng nhieu v n c cc uu diem sau:
- Giam nhe sc lao dong khi kep chat chi tiet. Thao tc nhe nhng, thuan tien.
- t ngan rat nhieu thi gian kep chat.
- Tao ra duoc luc kep ln, deu v c the dieu chinh duoc.
- De tu dong ho v c the dieu khien t xa.
Tuy vay n ton tai cc nhuoc diem sau:
- Do kh nn c tnh dn hoi nen do cng vng kep chat khong cao, v vay t
dng kh nn de kep chat cc chi tiet nang.
- Phai c mot he thong kh nn vi nhieu trang thiet bi phu nhu cc loai van, bnh
lco, bo dieu ho toc do, p luc v luu luong. cua kh nn. He thong ny kh
cong kenh, chiem khong gian ln v yeu cau mot chi ph nhat dinh.







g
Chuong 2: Kt cu d g
54
Hinh 2.26 So do he thong trang thiet bi kh nn cung cap cho do g.
1.Bnh phun dau: 2.Van dieu p: 3.Van mot chieu: 4.Van phan phoi:
5.Van dieu chinh toc do: 6. ong ho p luc: 7. Xy lanh: F. Bnh loc
Mot he thong trang thiet bi cung cap kh nn cho do g duoc bo tr nhu hnh 2.26
Kh nn duoc dan t my nn kh cua tram san suat, kh nn di qua thiet bi lm
lanh, thiet bi khu hoi nuc roi lan luot di qua bnh loc F (de khu cc tap chat),
bnh phun dau 1 de tron dau vo kh nn de boi tron cc co cau su dung kh nn o
pha sau, qua bo dieu chinh p luc 2 nham dam bao p luc kh nn can thiet, qua
van mot chieu 3 de kh nn khong c kha nang di nguoc lai nham dam bao an
ton khi dot ngot kh nn bi tut p, sau d di qua van phan phoi 4 de dua kh nn
vo xi lanh 7 cua co cau chap hnh de co cau ny sinh ra luc tc dung vo co cau
kep sau khi d di qua van dieu chinh toc do dng kh nn 5 v duoc kiem tra lai
p luc dng kh su dung bang dong ho do p luc 6.
Co cau sinh luc kh nn thung c hai dang xilanh - pittong v xilanh mng.
Khi dan dng kh nn c p suat p vo xilanh, n s day pittong di chuyen v tc
dung luc day vo co cau kep. Luc day tuy thuoc vo so do co cau sinh luc
kh nn duoc su dung (hnh 2.27).
Khi cho dng kh nn di vo buong ben tri cua xilanh (hnh 2.27 a) can
pittong bi day ve pha ben phai vi luc l: q p
4
D
Q
2

= .
.
. Trong d:
D - dung knh xilanh (mm),
p - p suat dng kh nn (N/cm
2
),
q - luc cang l xo (N).
Tren hnh 2.27 b, l co cau sinh luc c the tc dung vo co cau kep bang luc
day hoac luc ko
1
tuy theo viec dan kh vo cua ben tri hoac vo ben phai
cua xilanh.
Neu kh vo ben tri (theo hung luc day) th: p
4
D
Q
2
.
.
.

=
g
Chuong 2: Kt cu d g
55
Neu kh vo cua ben phai (theo hung luc day) th:
1

. ) ( p d D
4
2 2


Hinh 2.27 So do co cau sinh luc bang kh nn dang xilanh - pittong.
a) Xilanh mot chieu. b) Xilanh hai chieu c) Xilanh 2 buong (khuech dai)
Tren hnh 2.27 c, l so do su dung xilanh hai buong, hai pittong de khuyech
dai luc . Neu goi
1
l luc sinh ra cua buong xilanh (1) v
2
l luc sinh ra cua
buong xilanh (2), tuy theo hung chuyen dich cua pittong ta c:
- Khi pittong dich chuyen sang phai (luc day):

. ) ( p d D 2
4
2 2

- Khi pittong dich chuyen sang tri (luc ko):

. ) ( p d D
2
2 2

Co cau sinh luc xilanh mng thung su dung trong hai trung hop sau:
- Khi xilanh lm viec mot chieu, c l xo tc dung nguoc lai (hnh 2.28 a),
luc day s l: q d d D D
12
p
Q
2 2
+ +

= ). . (
.

- Khi xilanh lm viec hai chieu, ta c: + +

= ). . (
.
2 2
d d D D
12
p
Q




g
Chuong 2: Kt cu d g
56


Hinh 2.28 So do co cau sinh luc kh nn xilanh mng.
a) Xilanh mot chieu. b) Xilanh hai chieu
1. Mng dn hoi: 2. ia kim loai: 3. L xo

III. CO CAU DN HUNG VA KIEM TRA VI TR DUNG CU:
Co cau dan hung v kiem tra dung cu cat l mot bo phan quan trong cua
do g gia cong cat got. Co cau dan hung dung cu cat (bac dan hung) c tc
dung xc dinh truc tiep vi tr dung cu cat, dong thi nang cao do cng vng cua
n trong qu trnh gia cong, dam bao hung tien dao, giam sai so gia cong. Co
cau kiem tra vi tr cua dung cu cat chi nham xc dinh dng vi tr cua dung cu cat
truc khi gia cong.
Ni chung, neu dung cu cat du cng vng th vi tr cua n duoc dieu chinh
ngoi pham vi g dat phoi thong qua co cau so dao (nhu tren do g tien, phay,
bo, xoc, chuot mat ngoi). Neu dung cu cat km cng vng (nhu khoan, khot,
doa) can c co cau dan hung dung cu cat nham dam bao do cng vng can thiet
cua n trong qu trnh gia cong.
1. Co cau dan huong:
Co cau dan hung dng nhieu tren cc loai do g khoan, khot, doa, tien
trong tren my doa. Co cau dan hung bao gom hai bo phan chnh l bac dan v
phien dan.
a) Bac dan huong:
Bac dan c tc dung truc tiep dan hung dung cu cat. Bac dan duoc lap tren
phien dan v phien dan lai lap tren do g. e dam bao tnh dan hung v vi tr
tam lo gia cong trong qu trnh gia cong, ngui ta d tieu chuan ho cc kch
thuc, do chnh xc cua bac, dong thi khoang cch gia hai mat dau dui cua
g
Chuong 2: Kt cu d g
57
bac so vi mat tren cua chi tiet gia cong cng phai nam trong pham vi cho php
tuy thuoc vo dang phoi tao thnh.
e dan hung khi khoan, khot, doa c cc loai bac:
_ Bac dan co dinh: Loai bac ny dng trong trung hop lo gia cong chi qua mot
nguyen cong vi mot buc cong nghe. Ve ket cau, bac gom hai loai l bac tron
v bac c vai (hnh 2.29).

Hinh 2.29 Cc loai bac
co dinh.
a) Bac tron:
b) Bac c vai.


Loai bac tron c
nhuoc diem l kh thay the khi bi mn. Khi thay can phai gia cong lai lo lap bac
tren phien dan. ung knh lo dan hung d
1
thung l F7, che do lap ghp gia
dung knh d
2
cua bac vi phien dan l H7/n6. Chat luong be mat trong v ngoi
cua bac dan hung can phai dat ti
a
1,25 0,63 m.
Bac dan thay the: loai bac ny duoc dng khi phien dan co dinh de thuc hien
cc nguyen cong gia cong lo gom nhieu buc cong nghe, sau moi buc phai thay
the bac dan hung v dung cu cat.Vi bac dan hung kieu ny, lo gia cong c the
dat t cap chnh xc 9 7. Bac thay the lap vi phien dan thong qua bac lt (hnh
2.30). Bac lt lap chat vi phien dan H7/n6 hoac H7/m6: bac dan lap st nhung
truot vi bac lt v duoc co dinh nh vt hm.
_ Bac dan thay nhanh: Ket cau loai bac ny ve co ban giong nhu bac dan thay
the. N dng de dan hung cho dung cu khi can gia cong cc lo c cap chnh xc
9 7. nh tren vai bac c tc dung giam thi gian thay bac, nh n cong nhan
dng my khong can tho vt hm bac khi thay bac m chi can xoay bac sao cho
g
Chuong 2: Kt cu d g
58
phan khuyet tren ca chieu dy vai bac ng vi vt hm l c the rt bac ra khoi
phien dan de thay the (hnh 2.31).











Hinh 2.30 Bac dan thay the. Hinh 2.31 Bac dan thay nhanh
Ngoi ra trong cc trung hop cu the, nhu khi gia cong lo tren mat nghieng
hoac mat cau m tam lo khong hung tam cau, hai ben lo c cc be mat cao hon,
cc lo c dung knh tam qu gan nhau, ngui ta phai dng cc loai dac biet
(hnh 2.32).

Hinh 2.32 Cc loai bac dan dac biet.
_ Bac dan quay: Loai bac ny dng de gia conglo tren my doa nham trnh hien
tuong ket phoi gay ra mn nhanh lo dan hung cua bac. Bac dan duoc lap vi o
g
Chuong 2: Kt cu d g
59
truot hoac o lan v cc o d lai lap vi phien dan. Bac dan c lap then vi cn
dao de quay theo truc dao trong qu trnh gia cong (hnh 2.33).
b) Phien dan:
Phien dan l mot bo phan cua co cau dan hung tren d c lap bac dan. V
cc tam lo bac dan c vi tr tuong quan chnh xc so vi cc do dinh vi nen sau
khi d dieu chinh dat yeu cau, nhat thiet phai dng hai chot de co dinh vi tr
chnh xc cua phien dan. Phien dan tong qut c the chia lm hai loai l phien
dan co dinh v phien dan dong.
Phien dan co dinh: duoc lap ghp chnh xc vi than do g. N c the tho lap
duoc hay khong tho duoc. Phien dan co dinh c kha nang dat do chnh xc vi tr
tam lo gia cong cao, nhung thao tc khi g dat phc tap, thi gian phu ln v
thung phai dng bac dan thay nhanh khi cc lo c yeu cau do chnh xc cao.
Chnh viec ny c anh huong den do chnh xc vi tr tam lo (hnh 2.34).
Hinh 2.33 Cc loai bac quay tren my doa.

_ Phien dan dong: C nhieu loai nhu phien dan tho ri, phien dan ban le, phien
dan xoay, phien dan tru truot thanh rang, phien dan treo.
g
Chuong 2: Kt cu d g
60
Phien dan tho ri l loai phien dan duoc dinh vi chnh xc v kep chat tren
than do g, n c the tho ri khoi than do g de g dat phoi, tho chi tiet d gia
cong xong de dng thuan tien. Tuy nhien do tho ra, lap vo nhieu lan nen do
dinh vi de xc dinh chnh xc vi tr cua phien dan hay bi mn v c the lm cho
vi tr tam lo gia cong mat chnh xc (hnh 2.35).
Phien dan ban le v phien dan xoay cng c muc dch tuong tu nhu phien
dan tho ri. Tuy nhien nhng loai phien dan ny chi dng khi vi tr cua tam lo
gia cong yeu cau do chnh xc khong cao lam boi v khi xoay phien dan quanh
ban le hay chot khe ho ton tai o khp quay s lm vi tr cua phien dan mat chnh
xc (hnh 2.36).
Phien dan tru truot thanh rang l loai phien dan duoc su dung dong thi l
co cau kep, tuy su dung kh thuan tien nhung van ton tai anh huong cua luc kep
den vi tr tam bac dan mac d luc kep trong trung hop ny khong ln.
Phien dan treo chi su dung khi bac dan hung l co dinh hoac thay the v
chi thuc hien o nguyen cong khoan tren my khoan (hnh 2.37).





a) b)
Hinh 2.34 Phien dan co dinh.
a) Phien dan co dinh tho duoc: b) Phien dan co dinh khong tho duoc.

.

Hinh 2.35 Phien dan
tho ri

g
Chuong 2: Kt cu d g
61











Hinh 2.36 Phien dan ban le. Hinh 2.37 Phien dan treo.
2. Co cau so dao v kiem tra vi tr dao:
Co cau so dao l mot bo phan cua do g nham xc dinh chnh xc cua dung
cu cat so vi do g. Co cau ny thung duoc dng o cc do g phay, bo, tien,
chuot mat ngoi.
Co cau so dao rat quan trong v trong san xuat vi quy mo ln, khi dao bi
mn phai mi lai, kch thuc lm viec cua dao thay doi phai dieu chinh lai vi tr
cua dao so vi do g, do d phai c n de d ton thi gian dieu chinh. Trong
dang san xuat c san luong t cng can c co cau so dao de nham dieu chinh
nhanh khi lap do g len my de gia cong moi loat chi tiet, ngoi ra n cng rat
can khi phay cc be mat phc tap.
g
Chuong 2: Kt cu d g
62

Hnh 2.38 Mot so co cau so dao.

a) Phay mat phng bang dao phay tru:
b) phay mat phng vuong gc bang dao phay dia ba mat.
c) Phay hai mat phng vuong gc bang hai dao phay dia ba mat.
d) v e) Khi phay mat dinh hnh bang dao phay dinh hnh.
1. C so dao: 2. Mieng can: 3. Dao phay: D. Than cua co cau so dao.
Tren hnh 2.38 the hien mot so co cau so dao hay dng. Ve ket cau, co cau
so dao phu thuoc vo vi tr v hnh dng be mat gia cong. Trong co cau so dao,
chi tiet tiep xc vi dao 1 l cc mieng can 2, chng thung lm bang thp dung
cu hoac thp hop kim, toi dat do cng t 55 60 HC, cc be mat lm viec cua
n phai duoc mi dat ti
a
0,32m. Than (D) cua co cau so dao duoc bat
chat, chnh xc tren than do g bang vt v hai chot dinh vi. Tren than co cau so
dao bat chat c so dao 3 cng bang vt v hai chot dinh vi. Sau khi so dao xong,
cat bo mieng can 2, do d trong qu trnh gia cong, dao khong tiep xc vi c so
dao 3 nen n khong bi mn v dam bao do chnh xc vi tr tuong doi cua n khi
so daovi lan tiep theo.
3. Co cau chp hnh:
Co cau chp hnh l mot phan cua trang bi cong nghe thung duoc su dung
de gia cong cc be mat phc tap tren my phay, my tien, my bo, my mi.
nham cung cap them mot chuyen dong mi vuong gc vi chuyen dong san c
g
Chuong 2: Kt cu d g
63
tren my cong cu m tong hop cua hai chuyen dong d s tao nen duoc hnh
dang be mat gia cong can thiet.
Ty theo cc dieu kien cong nghe v ket cau cu the cua my cong cu m
ngui ta c the su dung cc loai co cau chp hnh khc nhau nhu co cau chp
hnh co kh, co cau cho hnh thu luc, hoac cc loai co cau chp hnh kh nn -
dau p, phoi hop dien, co.
Ni chung co cau chp hnh c tc dung de xc dinh vi tr tuong doi gia
dung cu cat v phoi, dong thi xc dinh ca hung chuyen dong cua dung cu cat
khi gia cong be mat dinh hnh phc tap nham giam bt thi gian gia cong v
nang cao nang suat lao dong.
D co cau chp hnh loai no th bo phan cua n van l cam mau hay dung
v dau d hoac con lan. Khi lm viec co lan s luon tiep xc v truot tren be mat
mau. e dam bao tao ra dng hnh dang v kch thuc be mat can gia cong, tuy
theo khoang cch co dinh gia con lan v dung cu can thiet phai thiet ke ra bien
dang cam thch hop.

IV. CC CO CAU KHC CUA G:
Cc co cau ni tren thuoc dien cc co cau co ban cua do g, n c mat tren
hau het cc do g gia cong. Ngoi ra, c mot so co cau khc tuy khong c mat o
moi loai do g nhung gp phan quan trong vo viec dam bao nang suat v chat
luong gia cong.
1. Co cau phan do:
e giam bt thi gian tng chiec khi gia cong tuan tu cc be mat chi tiet ngui
ta thung dng bien php g dat mot lan nhung gia cong o nhieu vi tr nh co
cau phan do (cn goi l bn quay). Bien php ny duoc su dung kh rong ri khi
thuc hien cc nguyen cong phay, khoan v khi gia cong tren dung day tu dong,
trung tam gia cong hoac tren my to hop.
Mot co cau phan do thung gom cc bo phan sau:
g
Chuong 2: Kt cu d g
64
Bo phan co dinh: l phan cua co cau nham co dinh tren bn my hoac tren
bang tai cua dung day tu dong. Tren n s lap cc bo phan nhu cau dinh vi v
cau kep chat phan quay.
_ Phan quay duoc dinh vi tren phan co dinh. Tren n s lap cc co cau dinh vi
v kep chat chi tiet gia cong hoac mot do g gia cong nghiem chinh tuy theo tnh
chat cua cc co cau phan do, yeu cau cong nghe.
Khi su dung co cau phan do, phai g dat chi tiet gia cong sao cho tam quay cua
n trng vi tam quay cua phan quay. e dam bao yeu cau d, tren phan quay
phai c mat chuan de dinh vi do g gia cong hay co cau dinh vi tri tiet. Co cau
phan do c the c truc quay thng dng hoac nam ngang (hnh 2.39 v 2.40). e
dinh vi phan quay c the dng nhieu ket cau khc nhau tuy thuoc yeu cau cong
nghe v dieu kien san xuat.

Hinh 2.39. Co cau phan do truc quay thng dng.







g
Chuong 2: Kt cu d g
65



Hinh 2.40 Co cau phan do truc quay nam ngang.
Hinh 2.41 Cc ket cau do dinh vi phan quay
Tren hnh 2.41 l cc loai ket cau dng de dinh vi phan quay tren phan co
dinh. Loai (a) c ket cau tuong doi don gian nhat, de che tao nhung do chnh xc
vi tr phan do thap, chiu luc km, do cng vng khong cao.
Loai (b) c kha nang chiu luc ln nhung do chnh xc vi tr phan do van thap v
moi dong (
6 g
7 H
) c khe ho gia bac v chot, hoac trong trung hop yeu cau nang
cao do chnh xc (
6 p
7 H
). Ngoi ra, khi chot bi mn cn gay ra sai so ln hon.
Loai (c) tuy c ket cau phc tap nhung dat do chnh xc caov tuoi ben cao d
cho chot bac c mn nhung chng van tiep xc vi nhau khong khe ho.
Sau khi phan do kep chat phan quay vi phan co dinh thnh mot khoi vng
vng dam bao khong c xe dich gia chng khi c tc dung ngoai luc (luc cat).
Nghia l momen cua ngoai luc tc dung vo phan quay cua co cau phan do bat
buoc phai b hon momen ma st do luc kep chat phan quay tao ra. e kep chat
phan quay c the dng cc loai ket cau:
_ Kep chat bang lech tam (hnh 2.39), c the dng ca cc bn quay c truc quay
thng dng v nam ngang.
g
Chuong 2: Kt cu d g
66
_ Kep chat bang ren (hnh 2.40), dng cho bn quay c truc quay nam ngang rat
thuan tien.
_ Kep chat bang mat con (hnh 2.42) ,su dung thuan loi nhung ket cau kh phc
tap.
Tren cc my tu dong, trung tam gia cong, cc dung day tu dong, ngoi ra cc
co cau phan do ni tren cn dng pho bien cc co cau phan do sau:
Co cau phan do quay tu dong ( hnh 2.43 )
Chot 11 c tc dung vi so bo phan quay, chot 6 s dinh vi chnh xc phan quay.
Nh chuyen dong di xuong cua bo phan my 7 m thanh 3 bi day xuong lm
dn 5 quay xung quang goi tua c tc dung rt chot 6 ra khoi rnh dinh vi. Mat
khc khi thanh 3 di xuong cng lm dn 1 quay xung quanh goi tua cua n v
day thanh rang 2 qua ben phai lm bnh rang 14 quay, mng 13 day bnh cc 10
quay lm phan quay cua co cau phan
do ( hoac dia quay cua do g). Chot 7
di len pha tren, l xo 8 ko thanh3 di
len, cn thanh 2 bi dn bay 1 day ve
pha ben tri, dn bay 5 lai day chot 6
vo rnh tiep theo de dinh vi chnh
xc dia quay. Loai co cau ny c do
chnh xc phan do cao v du do cng
vng v duoc dinh vi bang hai chot 6
v 11.
Hinh 2.42 Co cau kep phan quay nh con v ren.







g
Chuong 2: Kt cu d g
67


Hinh 2.43 Co cau phan do quay tu dong.
Co cau phan do quay gc 90
o
( hnh 2.44)
Co cau phan do loai ny chi de quay gc 90
0
. ia phan do l mot khoi hnh
vuong 2 quay duoc, c tiet dien hnh chem. ia vuong s quay khi thanh 1
chuyen dong ve pha phai, vo lc hnh trnh khong lm viec cua bo phan my
chuyen dong. Truc het rnh x cua thanh 1 tua vo mp dia vuong, sau d mac
vo rnh x tren dia vuong. ng vi vi
mot hnh trnh xe dich ve ben phai cua
thanh 1, dia vuong s quay di mot gc nho
hon 90
0
mot cht. Khi thanh 1 di nguoc lai
ve pha ben tri, dui tc dung cua l xo 3
th mat nghieng cua thanh 1 tc dong tiep
tuc lm quay dia vuong de du gc quay
90
0
. Sau d chuyen dong tiep theo ve pha
ben tri cua thanh 1 s c tc dung co
dinh vi tr cua dia vuong 2. Loai co cau
ny c the dng de phay, khoan cc chi
tiet nho cua 4 mat. Hinh 2.44 Co cau phan do quay gc 90
0
Co cau phan do mantt ( hnh 2.45 )
ay l loai co cau phan do c mam quay khong lien tuc theo mot chu ky
nhat dinh. ia 1 quay theo chieu mi
ten, sau mot vng quay th chot 2 s di
vo rnh cua dia mantt 4 v gat dia 4
quay di mot gc nhat dinh. Gc quay
phan do l 2
1
, gc quay khong phan
do l 2
0
. Co cau man- tt c the an
khp trong hoac ngoi.
g
Chuong 2: Kt cu d g
68
Hinh 2.45 Co cau quay phan do mantt
2. Co cau dinh vi do g tren my cat kim loai:
Trong thuc te san xuat, do g gia cong phai duoc dinh vi chnh xc tren my
cong cu. o g gia cong c the duoc lap tren bn my neu l do g phay, do g
khoan, khot, doa, do g gia cong tren my doa, my tien dng hoac lap tren truc
chnh cua my neu l do g tien, do g mi trn ngoi.
Muon g dat duoc chnh xc do g tren my cong cu, khi thiet ke phai can
c vo dieu kien cu the de ng dung hop l cc co cau dinh vi v co cau kep chat
do g len my, phai ch ti cc kch thuc c lien quan de lap do g d len
my gia cong.
Co cau dinh vi do g gia cong tren my phay van nang, my doa thung l
hai then dan hung hnh ch nhat lap vi rnh ch T tren bn my. o g gia
cong tren my tien thong thung duoc lap vi lo con cua truc chnh hoac dau truc
chnh. Co cau kep chat do g len my thung l dinh oc, m oc.
* Co cau dinh vi do ga tren bn may Phay, may doa (hinh 2.46):








Hinh 2.46. Then dinh vi do g len tren my phay hoac my doa
a) Then bat chat vi de do g: b) Then ri dau vuong.
1. e do g: 2. Then: 3. Bn my.
nh ch T tren bn my phay, my doa thong thung c chieu rong B 18mm
trung hop dac biet doi vi cc my nho B 14mm. Then dan hung de dinh
hung do g tren bn my c hnh ch nhat v phai c be rong tuong ng vi be
g
Chuong 2: Kt cu d g
69
rong cua rnh ch T tren bn my. Hai then dan hung bang nhau cng duoc lap
tren mot rnh ch T cua bn my v c khoang cch hop l. Then dan hung
thung c hai loai:
Then bat chat vi de do g (hnh 2.46 a.).
Then ri dau vuong di km theo my (hnh 2.46 b).
Tuy theo yeu cau cua nguyen cong m che do lap ghp cua then dan hung
vi rnh ch T tren bn my c the l: B
6 h
7 H
.
* Co cau dinh vi do ga tren may tien
Tren my tien van nang thong thung, do g tien duoc dinh vi tren phan tru
hay phan con cua dau ngoi truc chnh, lo con truc chnh.
Cc do g nho nhe thung duoc dinh vi tren lo con: cn cc do g ln nang
duoc dinh vi tren dau truc chnh.
Tren my tien dng thung dng lo tru hoac lo con tren bn my de dinh vi
do g. Cc phuong n dinh vi do g tren my tien duoc the hien tren hnh 2.47.













Hi
g
Chuong 2: Kt cu d g
70
nh 2.47 Cc phuong n dinh vi do g tren my tien.
a,b _ inh vi do g tren lo con truc chnh dng co cau ren ko ve pha sau.
c _ Dng phan tru v ren o dau truc chnh de dinh vi do g
thong qua dia trung gian.
d _ Dng mat con dinh tam cua dau truc chnh ket hop
vi dia trung gian cua do g.
e _ Dng lo tru hoac lo con tren bn my tien dng de dinh vi do g.
---------- ----------
CU HOI ON TAP CHUONG
L thuyet:
1. Phan tch, chon v v do dinh vi khi: chuan gia cong l mat phng: chuan gia
cong l mat tru ngoi: chuan gia cong l mat tru trong: chuan gia cong l mat
con ngoi, con trong.
2. Phan tch: diem dat phuong trieu, tri so cua luc kep cho thch hop? Phuong
php chon co cau kep chat
3. Tnh luc kep can thiet khi gia cong tren my tien dng: Mam cap 3 chau: ong
kep dn hoi
4. Phan tch tnh luc kep can thiet khi gia cong tren my khoan: my phay: my
mi.
5. Trnh by nguyen l hoat dong v lm viec cua mot so co cu kep thung
dng: kep bang chem, kep bang ren, kep bang bnh lech tam, kep bang ong kep
dn hoi, kep bang thu kh.
Bi tap:
Bi 1 V cc co cau dinh vi co ban d hoc.
Bi 2 Phan tch de tnh luc cua do g tien, do g khoan khot roa, do g phay.

g
Chuong 3: Trinh tu thit k d g.
71
CHUONG 3
TRNH TU THIET KE G
(12 tiet)
MUC TU BA HOC
_ Trang bi nhng kien thc co ban cua qu trnh thiet ke do g chuyen dng.
_ Thiet ke duoc do g gia cong tren my cong cu van nang, dat nang suat v chat
luong yeu cau.
N DUNG
I. YEU CU CHUNG V THIET KE G:
Thiet ke do g chuyen dng gia cong cat got l mot viec quan trong trong
viec chuan bi san suat. Khi thiet ke do g chuyen dng gia cong cat got ngui ta
phai cu the ho viec g dat chi tiet gia cong cho tng nguyen cong, tnh ton thiet
ke v chon ket cau thch hop cho cc bo phan cua do g, xay dung ban v ket cau
cua do g, xc dinh sai so cua do g, quy dinh cc dieu kien k thuat che tao, lap
rp v nghiem thu do g.
Tuy theo tnh chat cua nguyen cong m do g gia cong cat got s c ket cau
bao gom nhieu bo phan khc nhau. Nhn chung khi thiet ke do g chuyen dng
gia cong cat got can phai thoa mn cc yeu cau sau day:
_ am bao chon phuong n ket cau do g hop l ve k thuat v kinh te, su dung
cc ket cau tieu chuan: de dam bao dieu kien su dung toi uu nham dat duoc chat
luong nguyen cong mot cch kinh te nhat tren co so ket cau v tnh nang cua
my cat s lap do g.
_ am bao cc yeu cau ve an ton k thuat, dac biet l k thuat thao tc v thot
phoi khi su dung do g.
_ Tan dung cc loai ket cau d duoc tieu chuan ho.
_ am bao lap rp v dieu chinh do g tren my thuan tien.
g
Chuong 3: Trinh tu thit k d g.
72
_ am bao ket cau do g ph hop vi kha nang che tao v lap rp thuc te cua co
so san xuat.

II. CC BUC THIET KE CO BAN:
1. Phan tch so do g dat phoi v yeu cau ky thuat cua nguyen cong:
Kiem tra cc be mat chuan
dinh vi ve do chnh xc v do nhm
be mat: xc dinh kch thuc, hnh
dng, so luong v vi tr cua co cau
dinh vi phoi tren do g. So do g dat
phoi ng vi tng nguyen cong cat
got duoc xay dung khi thiet ke quy
trnh cong nghe gia cong chi tiet
my, tren d xc dinh r so bac tu
do chuyen dong can phai han che,
cc be mat dng de lm chuan dinh
vi, cc chuyen dong cat can thiet,
hung tc dung cua luc kep cc kch
thuc, do nhm be mat gia cong can
dam bao (Hnh 3.1).
Tuy theo hnh dng mat chuan
dinh vi (mat phng, mat tru trong,
mat tru ngoi, lo tam, hoac ket hop
nhieu mat khc nhau v. v...) m
ngui ta xc dinh do dinh vi ph
hop ve hnh dng, kch thuc theo
tieu chuan d ban hnh. Hinh 3.1 Mot so so do g dat chi tiet gia cong.
2. Xc dinh luc cat, momen cat:
g
Chuong 3: Trinh tu thit k d g.
73
Xc dinh phuong, chieu v diem dat cua luc cat, momen cat: xc dinh gi
tri can thiet cua luc kep chat phoi tren do g v bo tr dat diem cua luc kep chat
phoi: chon co cau kep chat phoi ve tnh chat kep chat, hnh dng, kch thuc v
dam bao nang suat kep chat can thiet.
a) Iinh luc kep can thiet
Tri so can thiet cua luc kep chat phoi tren do g phai dam bao sao cho phoi can
bang on dinh, khong bi xe dich trong suot qu trnh gia cong dui tc dung cua
ngoai luc, trong d chu yeu l luc cat, momen cat, trong luong ban than phoi v
cc luc loai hai sinh ra trong qu trnh gia cong. Nghia l c the xc dinh duoc
luc kep gan dng bang cch giai bi ton can bang tinh ty theo so do g dat cu
the vi cc quan he.
f ( K.M
c
)/ hoac f ( K. P
c
) Trong d:
- Luc kep chat phoi can thiet .
f - He so ma st gia mat chuan dinh vi v mat lm viec cua do dinh vi.
K - He so xt den yeu cau dam bao an ton khi gia cong.
M
c
- Momen cat.
P
c -
Luc

cat.
_ l bn knh tay dn luc kep
Gi tri cua luc cat P
c
v momen cat M
c
duoc xc dinh theo cc cong thc cu
the tuy theo phuong php gia cong, d duoc trnh by trong cc gio trnh
nguyen l cat kim loai.

Luc kep phai c gi tri va du, c phuong chieu v dat diem hop l. Luc
kep khong qu ln lm cho co cau kep cong kenh v gay bien dang cho chi tiet.
Phuong, chieu cua luc kep chat phoi phu thuoc vo vi tr mat chuan dinh vi
chnh, phu thuoc chieu cua luc cat v chieu cua trong luong ban than phoi.
Phuong cua luc kep chat phoi nen vuong gc vi mat chuan dinh vi chnh de c
dien tch tiep xc ln nhat, giam p luc v giam bien dang cua phoi khi kep chat.
Chieu cua luc kep chat phoi nen hung t ngoi vo mat chuan dinh vi, cng
chieu vi luc cat v trong luong cua phoi de c loi ve luc v co cau kep c ket
g
Chuong 3: Trinh tu thit k d g.
74
cau nho gon: cng c the chon phuong, chieu cua luc kep vuong gc vi luc cat
v trong luong phoi.
iem dat cua luc kep chat phoi phai o vo vi tr sao cho do cng vng cua
phoi v do g ln nhat de phoi khoi bi bien dang khi kep chat cng nhu khi gia
cong. iem dat cua luc kep phai nam trong da gic chan de duoc tao nen do cc
diem tiep xc cua mat chuan dinh vi chnh vi mat lm viec cua cc do dinh vi
v nen gan mat gia cong de khong gay ra momen lm lat phoi.
b) Chon co cau kep cht phoi
Co cau kep chat phoi duoc chon phai thoa mn cc yeu cau co ban d neu o
phan tren nghia l khi kep chat phai gi dng vi tr cua phoi, tao ra du luc kep,
khong lm bien dang phoi, ket cau don gian, nho gon, khong gay ra bien dang,
c tnh tu hm tot, ph hop vi phuong php gia cong, thao tc nhe nhng, thuan
loi, an ton, don gian, de bao quan, an ton.
c) Chon co cau sinh luc
e giam bt nang nhoc cho cong nhan truc tiep san xuat, trong do g c the
dng nhieu loai co cau sinh luc khc nhau de tc dung vo co cau kep nhu co cau
sinh luc bang dau p, kh nn... Moi loai co cau sinh luc c nhng yeu cau rieng
khi su dung, di hoi cc trang bi km theo lm cho ket cau chung cua do g them
phc tap, song ngoi viec giam nhe sc lao dong khi thao tc, n cn tao ra duoc
luc kep ln v on dinh, tao dieu kien giam thi gian g dat, nang cao nang suat
gia cong. Chon co cau sinh luc phai can c vo quy mo san xuat, nang luc san
xuat v cc chi tieu kinh te k thuat can dat.
3. Xc dinh ke cau cua cc bo phan khc tren do g:
a) Chon co cau dan huong v kiem tra vi tri dung cu ct.
ay l mot bo phan quan trong cua do g, c chc nang xc dinh truc tiep
vi tr cua dung cu cat v tang do cng vng cua n trong qu trnh gia cong, dam
bao hung tien dao, giam sai so gia cong, thung dng trong cc nguyen cong
khoan, doa, khot, chuot lo... Co cau kiem tra vi tr dung cu cat chi nham xc
g
Chuong 3: Trinh tu thit k d g.
75
dinh (dieu chinh) vi tr cua dung cu cat truc khi gia cong v thung duoc dng o
cc loai do g tien, phay, bo, xoc, chuot mat ngoi...
* Bac dan huong khoan.
Khi gia cong lo dan hung khoan, doa thung su dung do g c co cau dan
hung gom bac dan lap tren phien dan v phien dan lap tren do g. Tuy theo yeu
cau gia cong cu the m c the dng cc loai bac dan tieu chuan nhu: bac dan co
dinh khi bac chi qua mot buc cong nghe, bac dan thay the duoc dng vi phien
dan co dinh khi lo chi qua mot buc cong nghe, sau moi buc phai thay bac dan
hung v dung cu cat, bac dan thay nhanh giong nhu bac dan thay the nhung ket
cau cho php rt bac khoi phien dan nhanh khi thay the de giam thi gian
nguyen cong.
Khi gia cong tren my doa, thung dng bac quay de chong bi ket phoi khi cat
lm lo bac dan mn nhanh.
* Phien dan khoan c the l phien dan co dinh, phien dan tho di, phien
dan ban le, phien dan treo, phien dan tru truot thanh rang... Phien dan duoc chon
tuy thuoc vo tnh chat nguyen cong, yeu cau ve do chnh xc v nang suat gia
cong.
* Co cau chp hinh duoc su dung de gia cong be mat phc tap tren my
phay, bo, tien, mi.. Tren my phay, my tien co cau chp hnh dua theo cam
mau, dung. Ni chung co cau chp hnh c nhiem vu xc dinh vi tr chnh xc
gia dung cu cat v phoi dong thi xc dinh ca hung chuyen dong cua dung cat
nham dam bao hnh dng be mat theo yeu cau gia cong, giam bt thi gian gia
cong, tang nang suat gia cong. Tuy thuoc vo dieu kien gia cong v ket cau cua
my cong cu m c the lua chon de su dung cc loai co cau chp hnh khc nhau
nhu co cau chp hnh co kh, chp hnh thu luc, dien co hoac phoi hop kh nn
v dau p.
* Chon co cau phan do tuy theo yeu cau gia cong, hnh thc chuyen dong
khi phan do m chon co cau phan do loai no, phan do tinh tien hay phan do
quay, c truc quay thng dng hay nam ngang, quay lien tuc hay gin doan.
g
Chuong 3: Trinh tu thit k d g.
76
Co cau phan do quay lien tuc dng de gia cong cc mat dinh hnh tren my
cong cu van nang, nham cung cap cho qu trnh gia cong mot trong so cc
chuyen dong tao hnh thung dng de phay rnh nghieng, rnh xoan tren my
phay dng.
Co cau phan do quay gin doan dng de gia cong tuan tu nhieu be mat
giong nhau v c vi tr cch nhau deu dan tren mot chi tiet hoac tren nhieu chi
tiet c ket cau giong nhau v c be mat gia cong nhu nhau.
* Chon co cau dinh vi do ga tren may. o dinh vi do g tren my phai chon
sao cho dinh vi duoc chnh xc vi tr do g tren my. Co cau dinh vi phu thuoc
vo yeu cau gia cong, tnh chat v ket cau my cong cu su dung.
* Chon than do ga. Than do g phai chon sao cho dam bao du cho de lap
cc bo phan khc cua do g len n, dam bao do cng vng can thiet, than do g
thung duoc che tao bang gang, bang thp c ket cau hn bang mot so hop kim
mu nhe. Than do g phai duoc che tao dat do chnh xc can thiet v c gi
thnh hop l.
4. Xc dinh sai so che tao do g:
Cho php theo yeu cau cua nguyen cong de quy dinh dieu kien k thuat che
tao v lap rp do g. Nghia l phai xc dinh cc dai luong sau.
Sai so g dat cho php

gd
[ ]
gd

|
.
|

\
|

2
1
5
1

gd

2 2 2
gd K c
+ +

2
ld
2
m
2
ct
2
K
2
c
+ + + +

+ + + + +
d . h
2
gd
2
n
2
m
2
c . d
2
h . d
3 3
Trong d: l dung sai cho php cua yeu cau can dam bao.
Sai so che tao do g.
T cc dieu kien tren ta c:
g
Chuong 3: Trinh tu thit k d g.
77
l t c . .
[ ]
2
ld
2
m
2
k
2
c
2
dg

5. Nang suat g dat v thao tc do g:
Nang cao nang suat g dat v hop l ho thao tc do g gia cong cat got l
mot trong nhng bien php chu yeu nham rt ngan thi gian phu cua nguyen
cong. Nang suat g dat phoi tren do g phu thuoc vo cc yeu to sau:
- Trnh do co kh ho v tu dong ho qu trnh g dat phoi.
- So luong phoi trong mot lan g dat.
- Mc do hop l ho cc thao tc v co cau thao tc g dat phoi.
Cc yeu to tren c lien quan chat ch vi dang san xuat v dung loi cong nghe.
Khi quy mo san xuat cng ln, cng phai xt ton dien v chnh xc hon anh
huong cua qu trnh g dat phoi tren do g cu the doi vi nang suat g dat v
nang suat gia cong.
e nang cao nang suat g dat phoi, thung dng cc co cau sau:
a) Co cau kep nhieu phoi:
Khi gia cong cc chi tiet nho, c mat gia cong don gian, c the dng co cau g
dat nhieu phoi, gia cong nhieu chi tiet dong thi:
- Kep chat lien tuc: cch ny c luc bang nhau, truyen t phoi ny sang phoi
khc cng chieu (hnh 3.2).
_ Kep song song: luc kep phan bo deu tren nhieu phoi theo cng mot hung song
song nhau, luc kep cua moi phoi nho hon luc kep ban dau (hnh 3.3).
_ Kep song song nguoc chieu: luc kep phan bo song song nhung nguoc chieu tc
dung len hai phoi hoac hai nhm phoi
(hnh 3.4).


Hnh 3.2 Co cau kep c luc
kep lien tuc

g
Chuong 3: Trinh tu thit k d g.
78





Hinh 3.3 - Co
cau kep c luc kep song song


Hinh 3.4 Co cau kep c luc kep
song song nguoc chieu.



- Kep nhieu phoi bang cch to hop ca luc kep song song, nguoc chieu (hnh 3.5).


Hinh 3.5 Co cau kep to hop




b) Co cau kep nhanh.:
C nhieu loai co cau kep nhanh nhu:
- Co cau kep nhanh bang tay. (Hnh 3.6)
- Co cau kep nhanh bang dau p.
- Co cau kep nhanh bang kh nn.
- Co cau kep nhanh bang dien tu.
- Co cau kep nhanh bang chan khong.
g
Chuong 3: Trinh tu thit k d g.
79

Hinh 3.6 Co cau kep nhanh bang tay
c) Co cau kep cht tu dong:
Loai co cau ny dng vai tr quan trong trong qu trnh tu dong ho qu
trnh cong nghe gia cong cat got. ieu chinh qu trnh cat got thung bang cam.
Co cau sinh luc kep trong trung hop ny c the bang l so, ren oc, he thong dn
kep, he thong kh nn, he thong thu luc v.v... Viec dng phuong n no l tuy
thuoc vo yeu cau san suat dac biet l san luong, nang suat, co so vat chat k
thuat, luc luong san xuat v.v...
Sau khi su dung do g phuc vu cho mot chuyen cong can thiet phai thuc hien cc
thao tc sau day:
- at phoi vo v lay phoi ra khoi do g.
- ng v mo do g.
- Lau chi do g, qut phoi khoi do g.
- Thao tc viec phan do.
- Thao tc cc co cau ty phu de tang do cng vng cua g dat.
Nhng thao tc tren duoc lap di, lap lai nhieu lan moi khi hon thnh nguyen
cong d tren mot phoi. Thi gian de thuc hien cc thao tc tren chnh l thnh
phan cua thi gian phu cua nguyen cong.
Khi thiet ke do g, ngui thiet ke phai ch tao dieu kien cho cong nhan thao tc
do g duoc an ton, thuan tien, t ton sc, nhanh, gon, gp phan nang cao nang
suat lao dong. Muon dat duoc cc yeu cau tren, khi thiet ke phai bo tr vi tr cua
cc co cau trong do g mot cch hop l de cc dong tc lm viec cua cong nhan
hop l, khong tha, khong qu cang thng, ton sc.
6. Xay dung ban ve lap chung:
Ban v lap chung do g vi day du cc hnh chieu, mat cat, kch thuc, che
do lap ghp, dieu kien k thuat can thiet. Ket cau tong the cua do g gia cong cat
got duoc the hien tren ban v chung. Ban v lap chung do g duoc xay dung tren
nguyen tac v t trong ra ngoi, v o trang thi dang gia cong. Chi tiet gia cong
g
Chuong 3: Trinh tu thit k d g.
80
can duoc v phan biet r rng vi ket cau cua do g v duoc coi l trong suot (v
bang mau do).
Trnh tu xay dung ban v lap chung do g c the nhu sau:
_ V cc hnh chieu cua chi tiet gia cong.
_ V co cau dinh vi chi tiet gia cong.
_ V co cau kep chat chi tiet gia cong.
_ V cc co cau dan hung, dieu chinh dung cu, co cau phan do....
_ V than do g dam bao du do cng vng v c tnh cong nghe cao.
_ Ghi cc kch thuc co ban cua do g (cc kch thuc lap ghp, cc kch thuc
tong the nhu chieu di, chieu rong, chieu cao)
_ nh so cc chi tiet cua do g.
_ Xc dinh dieu kien k thuat cua do g theo yeu cau cua nguyen cong v kha
nang che tao do g thuc te.
Tuy theo kch thuc thuc cua do g m ban v lap chung do g c the duoc xay
dung tren t le thch hop nhu 1:1: 2:1: 4:1: 1:2 v.v...

III. YEU CU CU THE OI VI CC G GIA CONG CAT GOT:
Ket cau cu the cua cc loai do g gia cong cat got phu thuoc vo yeu cau
cua nguyen cong m chng phuc vu. Khi thiet ke do g can dua vo tnh chat cua
nguyen cong de xc dinh ket cau do g thch hop, dat chi tieu k thuat can thiet.
1. o g khoan:
o g khoan duoc dng chu yeu tren my khoan bn, my khoan dng hoac
my khoan can de xc dinh vi tr tuong doi gia chi tiet gia cong v dung cu cat,
dong thi kep chat chi tiet gia cong de tao cc lo c yeu cau chnh xc khc nhau
(khoan, khot, doa). Tat ca cc phu tng de kep chat mi khoan, mi khot, mi
doa duoc goi l dung cu phu cua my khoan, v du nhu dau kep nhanh, mang
ranh, dau kep ta ro ...


g
Chuong 3: Trinh tu thit k d g.
81








Hinh 3.6 o g Khoan



Ket cau cua cc do g khoan thung bao gom cc bo phan sau:
_ Co cau dinh vi chi tiet gia cong. Thong thung co cau ny phai han che t 5
6 bac tu do cua chi tiet gia cong de xc dinh dng vi tr cua tam lo gia cong tuy
theo yeu cau cong nghe.
_ Co cau kep chat chi tiet gia cong.
_ Than v de do g.
_ Co cau dan hung dung cu cat bao gom bac dan hung v phien dan.
_ Co cau phan do.
2. o g phay:
ac diem quan trong cua do g phay can phai luu tam khi thiet ke l:
_ Luc cat ln.
_ u trnh cat gin doan nen c xung luc lm cho he thong cong nghe bi rung
dong anh huong khong tot den chat luong gia cong.
V vay ket cau cua do g phay can thiet phai dam bao du cng vng, dac
biet l than v de do g. Co cau kep chat phai tao ra du luc kep chat chi tiet khi
gia cong, du cng vng v c tnh tu hm tot.
g
Chuong 3: Trinh tu thit k d g.
82








Hinh 3.7 o g Phay.


Ket cau cu the cua do g thung bao gom cc bo phan sau:
_ Co cau dinh vi v kep chat phoi.
_ Co cau dinh vi do g tren my cong cu.
_ Co cau so dao bao gom mieng g dao v cc tam can dem.
_ Co cau phan do.
_ Co cau chp hnh
3. o g tien:
o g tien thung duoc bat chat vi truc chnh cua my tien ngang v c
chuyen dong quay trong qu trnh gia cong chi tiet, day l chuyen dong cat got
chnh. V vay can quan tam den yeu cau bao ve my, an ton khi c luc ly tam
xuat hien. Can thiet phai can bang do g khi n quay theo truc chnh cua my
tien. Ket cau noi do g vi truc chnh cua my tien phai dam bao du cng vng
v dam bao an ton khi thao tc, khong duoc c canh sac.
g
Chuong 3: Trinh tu thit k d g.
83










Hinh 3.8 o g Tien
Trong thuc te san xuat do g tien c the c cc dang cu the sau:
_ o g gia cong chi tiet lap vi truc chnh cua my tien, chi tiet gia cong c
chuyen dong quay cng truc chnh cua my tien, dung cu cat c chuyen dong
tinh tien cng bn dao, v du nhu mam cap, mi tam l cc loai do g tien van
nang trang bi theo my tien.
_ o g gia cong chi tiet lap tren song truot cua bang my tien, chi tiet gia cong
c chuyen dong tinh tien cng bn dao, cn dung cu cat lap tren truc chnh v c
chuyen dong quay trn cng vi truc chnh cua my tien.
_ o g gia cong chi tiet duoc g tren hai mi tam cua my tien, chi tiet gia cong
c chuyen dong quay cng vi truc chnh cua my tien nhu cc loai truc g.
Ket cau cu the cua cc loai do g tien thung c cc bo phan:
_ o g gia cong chi tiet lap tren truc chnh cua my tien thung bao gom cc bo
phan: co cau dinh vi phoi, co cau kep chat phoi, than do g, bo phan dinh vi v
kep chat do g tren truc chnh cua my tien, co cau phan do.
_ o g gia cong chi tiet lap tren song truot cua bang my tien gom cc bo phan:
Co cau dinh vi phoi, co cau kep chat phoi, than do g, bo phan dinh vi v kep
chat do g tren bang my tien, co cau phan do.
---------- ----------

g
Chuong 3: Trinh tu thit k d g.
84
CU HOI ON TAP CHUONG
1. Cc yeu cau co ban thiet ke do g chuyen dng tren my cong cu van nang.
2. Phan tch cc trnh tu thiet ke do g chuyen dng tren my cong cu van nang:
So do g dat.
Xc dinh luc kep v diem dat luc kep, chon co cau kep.
Co cau dan hung, so dao.
Co cau phan do.
Than do g.
Sai so che tao do g.
Nang suat cc thao tc do g.
3. eu cau cu the cua cc loai do g gia cong co ban:
o g Khoan, Khot, Doa.
o g Tien.
o g Phay.
o g Chuot.
o g Mi.
4. Hy neu trnh tu v v yeu cau cua ban v lap chung do g.
5. V cc do g:
Khoan, Khot, Doa,
Phay, Tien, Mi.
g
Chuong 4: Dung cu phu
88
CHUONG 4
DUNG CU PHU
(3 tiet)
MUC TU BA HOC
- Trang bi nhng kien thc ve cc loai dung cu kep dung cu cat tren my cong
cu.
- Nam vng co cau thay dao nhanh, o g tien rnh mat trong, dau khoan nhieu
truc. au Revonve
N DUNG
I KHI NIEM CHUNG:
Tat ca cc co cau de kep chat dao khi gia cong deu goi l dung cu phu.
Phan ln dung cu phu (cn goi l do g dao) thung duoc tieu chuan ho. Nhung
thuc te san xuat nhieu khi can nhng do g dao chuyen dng. V du, thuc hien
khoan nhieu lo gia cong tren my khoan ngui ta dng co cau thay dao nhanh
khong can dng my. e nang cao nang suat ngui ta thung dng nhng dau
dao nhieu truc (dao phay, dao khoan., dao tien ren) lap tren my khoan van nang
mot truc chnh, tren cc my phay, lap nhieu daotien tren bn xe dao cua my
tien van nang de dong thi gia cong nhieu be mat. o g dao cn c the mo rong
kha nang cong nghe cua my v.v .Cc loai do g d cho php thuc hien nhng
nguyen cong m nhng my van nang khong the thuc hien duoc. Ket qua l do
g dao cho php c the thay my chuyen dng dat tien bang nhng my van
nang re tien.

II CO CU KEP DUNG CU CT TRN MY KHOAN:
1. Co cau thay dao nhanh:
g
Chuong 4: Dung cu phu
89
Loai co cau ny dng de thay dao nhanh (dao khoan, doa khot, dao doa)
m khong can dng my ( hnh 4.1).
Nguyen l lm viec: Chuyen dong quay duoc truyen t truc chnh cua my
qua ong chuoi con 1, bi 2 ti dung cu cat (dao khoan, dao khot, dao doa) lap
trong bac 3 (bac 3 c phan lm cha bi 2). e tien hnh thay dung cu dng tay
tri nang bac 4 len, dui tc dung cua luc ly tam, bi 2 roi vo phan rnh cha bi
5, dung cu duoc tho long dng tay phai rt dung cu ra (cng bac 3). Ta thay
dung cu mi vo bac 4 duoc ha xuong v bi 2 roi vo phan lm cua bac 3,
chuyen dong cua dung cu tro lai bnh thung. Co cau thay dao nhanh ny an ton
vi so vng quay cua truc chnh khoang 250 den 300 vng/ph.













Hinh 4.1 Co cau thay dao nhanh tren my khoan.
2. o g tien ranh mat trong:
Hnh 4.2 a l mot loai do g dng de tien lo con tren my khoan dng. ong
tru 10 duoc lap vo co cau thay dao nhanh cua my v duoc dan hung theo bac
so 2 v so 5, bac 2 v 5 duoc lap vo vo do g, tren do g d c gan chi tiet gia
g
Chuong 4: Dung cu phu
90
cong. Truc 7 v l so 1 duoc lap trong ong 10. Khi truc chnh cua my ha xuong,
truc 7 cham vo chot ty 6. Neu truc chnh cua my cng vi ong 10 ha xuong th
mieng 8 cng vi dao tien 9 s chuyen dong hung knh nh chot 3 lap chat vi
truc 7. Vay dao 9 s cat duoc mat con m do con dng bang rnh nghieng m
trong d chot 3 di chuyen. Khi truc chnh duoc nang len, l so 1 gin ra dua truc
7, mieng 8 v ong 10 tro lai vi tr ban dau.
Hnh 4.2 b l do g g dao dng de tien rnh trong lo chi tiet. Dao 4 duoc
lap tren mieng quay 3 (so 3 quay xung quanh chot 5). Khi truc g dao 2 ha
xuong, dau ty cua mieng 3 cham vo bac 6 lc d 4 bat dau cat, chieu di cua
rnh duoc khong che bang c ty 1.
Truc dao 1 duoc lap vi truc chnh cua my, phan dui cua truc g dao c
lap mieng g dao 7, mieng g dao 7 c rnh nghieng de lap chot 5.
Khi truc g dao chuyen dong xuong pha dui, chot 5 day mieng g dao 7
chuyen dong hung knh v bat dau cat rnh. L xo 3 c tc dung dua mieng g
ve vi tr ban dau khi nang truc g 1 len.












Hnh 2.2 o g dao tien rnh tren my khoan.
g
Chuong 4: Dung cu phu
91
a) G tien lo con: 1. L so: 2 v 5 l bac d: 3 l chot: 4 l chi tiet gia cong:
6 l chot ty: 7 l truc: 8 mieng g dao: 9 dao: 10 ong hng
b) G tien rnh truc:1. c hnh trnh: 2 truc: 3 mieng mang dao: 4. dao:
5 chot: 6 bac.
c) G tien rnh hep: 1 truc dao: 2 bac d: 3 l so: 4 ong hng: 5 chuoi: 6 phoi.
3. au khoan nhieu truc:
au khoan nhieu truc duoc dng de gia cong dong thi (khoan, khot, doa,
taro) nhieu lo tren cng mot chi tiet hoac de gia cong tuan tu tren my khoan
dng.
Hnh 4.3 l so do bo tr nhieu truc mot cch don gian nhat. Truc chnh cua
my chuyen dong, chuyen dong ny duoc truyen den duoi con 1, bnh rang
trung gian 2, ti bnh rang 3 v cc truc 4.
Hinh 4.3 So do dong cua dau khoan nhieu truc
a) khong c bnh rang trung gian: b c bnh rang trung gian
1) Chuoi con, 2 tay quay, 3 gi d, 4 truc mang dung cu cat,: 5 tay quay d gi
g
Chuong 4: Dung cu phu
92
e tao dieu kien thuan tien cho viec thao tc, hop cha cc bnh rang cau
tao gom hai phan, phan tren duoc kep chat vi phan mang truc chnh cua my.
Muon c cc truc mang dao quay theo chieu kim dong ho (de cat got) th
truc chnh cua my phai quay nguoc chieu kim dong ho. Nhu vay trong xch
chay dao, ta phai lap them bnh rang trung gian de khi truc chnh quay nguoc
chieu kim dong ho th dau dao van di xuong (thuc hien luong tien dao).
Hnh 4.3 b l trung hop lap them bnh rang trung gian de khac phuc nhuoc
diem cua so do tren hnh 4.3 a. Trong trung hop ny truc chnh van quay theo
chieu kim dong ho. Trong co cau chay dao ta khong can lap them bnh rang
trung gian v nhu vay c the don gian duoc co cau chay dao cua my.
Hnh 4.3 c l mot loai dau dao nhieu truc khong dng cc bnh rang de
chuyen dong. Chuyen dong quay t truc chnh cua my qua duoi con 1 truyen ti
tay quay 2, tay quay 2 nam trong gi 3, gi 3 duoc d bang tay quay 5. Cc truc
mang dao 4 cng c bn knh tay quay bang truc 2, cc truc ny nhan chuyen
dong t gi 3. Gi 3 c the lm quay nhieu truc 4 nam trong pham vi cua n. Khi
gi 3 (chuyen dong song phang) tat ca cc diem cua n cng mot qu dao vi
bn knh tay quay. Vi ket cau nhu vay, toc do quay cua tat ca cc truc mang
dao deu bang nhau.
Hnh 4.4 a l loai dau khoan m vi tr cc truc chnh cua n c the thay doi
duoc. Gi d 1 cua cc truc chnh 2 c the dich chuyen duoc theo phuong hung
knh v di chuyen theo bn knh cua gi d 3. e thay doi khoang cch gia cc
khp 4 v 5 ngui ta dng khp noi 6 c then truot. Cc truc chnh cua dau dao
khoan quay vi toc do nhu nhau.
Hnh 4.4 b l mot loai dau dao khoan m vi tr cua truc chnh duoc xc dinh
bang day cung r (nhn theo mat chieu dng) khi ta quay phan dui so 7 quanh
truc a - a.
uoi con 8 cua dau khoan duoc g vo lo con truc chnh my, cn hop cua
dau khoan duoc gi bang thanh treo 3.
g
Chuong 4: Dung cu phu
93
au khoan dang ny duoc dng de gia cong cc lo o mat bch c dung
knh khc nhau.












Hinh 4.4. au khoan thay doi vi tr truc chnh.
a. au khoan c nhieu truc c the thay doi vi tr
b. au khoan nhieu truc c vi tr xc dinh
c. Cc phuong n bo ch truc chnh
1. Gi d dung cu: 2. truc chnh dung cu: 3 gi d chnh:
4, 5, 6 khp noi: 7 hop so: 8 duoi con: 9 thanh treo.
4.Tnh dau khoan nhieu truc:
e tnh dau khoan nhieu truc can c cc ti lieu sau day:
- Ban v chi tiet gia cong vi day du yeu cau k thuat
- Phieu nguyen cong
- Cc loai dao
- Thuyet minh cua my m ta s lap dau khoan nhieu truc
- Ban v do g o nguyen cong dng dau khoan nhieu truc
- Tnh ton theo trnh tu sau day:
g
Chuong 4: Dung cu phu
94
- Chon che do cat cho moi dao tren dau dao
- Xc dinh momen xoan, cong suat v luc chay dao cho moi dao
- Xc dinh cong suat chung cho moi dau khoan
- Xc dinh so vng quay cua truc chnh my khoan
- Xc dinh luong chay dao cua dau khoan
- Tnh kch thuc cua truc bnh rang
- V ket cau cau ton bo dau khoan














Hinh 4.5. au rovonve 6 truc.
a) hnh dng mat ngoi: b) mat cat.
1. Chot dinh vi: 2,4. Tay dn : 3. Ly hop : 5. Hop : 6. Chot: 7. Vt c:
8. Vt dieu chinh: 9 thanh rang: 10, 11, 12, 13 Bnh rang:
14 Hop truc quay: 15 L xo
Tren cc my khoan dng, khoan can, de thuc hien cc nguyen cong khc
nhau: khoan, khot, doa v.v... mot cch nhanh chng ngui ta dng dau rovonve.
g
Chuong 4: Dung cu phu
95
au rovonve c uu diem l khi chuyen buc gia cong khong can dng my.
Hnh 4.5 l mot loai dau rovonve 6 truc gia cong lo tuan tu theo cc buc
khc nhau. Muon chuyen buc gia cong, ngui ta nang dau rovonve len, lc d
vt 7 cham vo u truc chnh, chot 6 bat dau tut xuong v day tay dn 4. Tay dn
4 nang ly hop 3 lm cho truc mang dao ngng quay. Sau d chot 6 day tay dn 2
quay xung quanh truc cua n. Khi quay tay dn 2 rt chot dinh vi 1 ra khoi bac.
Khi dau revove duoc nang len, vt dieu chinh 8 cham vo u truc chnh v lm cho
thanh rang 9 chuyen dong xuong pha dui, lc d thanh rang 9 lm quay bnh
rang 10, 11,12, 13, v lm quay hop 14 cng vi truc mang dao ve vi tr thang
dng. Loai dau rovonve ny duoc dng de gia cong lo c dung knh ln nhat l
15mm. Truc mang dao duoc lap dui mot gc 60
0
doi vi truc quay cua hop 14.

III. CO CAU KEP DUNG CU CAT TREN MY TIEN:
Co cau kep dao tren my tien thongdung nhat l cc bn xe dao. e giam
thi gian gia cong ta dng bn xe dao quay chuyen dng ( hnh 4.6)
Tren bn xe dao ny c the g duoc nhieu dao de thuc hien cc cong viec
khc nhau. C the gia cong duoc nhieu be mat khc nhau cng mot lc.
Khi dieu chinh my ta phai dng c chan de dng bn xe dao dng vi tr.
Trong san xuat hng loat, do san pham c nhieu loai khc nhau cho nen doi vi
moi loai my thung phai dng nhieu bn xe dao de thay the. Moi bn xe dao
dng de gia cong mot loai chi tiet nhat dinh.
Ngoi bn xe dao, tren cc my phuong tien, ngui ta cn dng cc loai
truc g, cc o con de kep dao khi tien lo hoac khi khoan, khot, doa v ta ro.

IV. CO CAU KEP DUNG CU CAT TREN MY PHAY:
Dao phay duoc lap len truc g v truc g thung duoc lap truc tiep vi truc
chnh cua my. e mo rong kha nang cong nghe cua my phay, ta lap truc mang
dao tren cc co cau chuyen dng.
g
Chuong 4: Dung cu phu
96
Hnh 4.6 Bn xe dao chuyen dng tren my tien
Hinh 4.7 Co cau g dao chuyen dng tren my phay nam ngang.
1. Gi d : 2. au dao dng quay duoc : 3. au noi dao.
a) au dao phay dng tren my phay van nang
b) au dao quay ba chieu
c) au dao nhieu truc mang dao
1. uoi con: 2, 3, 6, 7 Bnh rang con: 4 Truc mang dung cu: 5 Truc dan.
g
Chuong 4: Dung cu phu
97
Hnh 4.7 a. L mot loai co cau g dao chuyen dng, dau dao dng lap tren
my phay nam ngang van nang. Hop co cau duoc kep chat tren bo dan hung
dng bang chem v bulong. Chuyen dong quay t truc chnh cua my duoc
chuyen qua duoi con 1, cap bnh rang con 2 v 3 ti truc mang dao 4. Phan quay
II c the g bat ky mot gc no so vi mat phang nam ngang bang phan tru khac
do a.
Hnh 4.7b l mot loai dau quay van nang tren my phay nam ngang. au
quay cau tao gom phan co dinh I, phan quay trung gian II (quay xung quanh tam
a - a) v phan quay III (quay xung quanh tam b - b). Vi truc mang dao, chuyen
dong quay t truc chnh cua my duoc truyen qua duoi con 1, cap bnh rang con
2, 3. Cap bnh rang con 6, 7 roi ti truc mang dao 4.
Loai dau quay ny c the duoc g dui bat ky mot gc no so vi mat
phang nam ngang v thang dng (do phan quay c the quay xung quanh 2 truc a
a v b - b).
Truc mang dao cua hai loai dau quay tren c lo con de lap duoi con dao
(trong trung hop duoi con dao nho, ngui ta phai dng them o con trung gian).
Cc dau quay ny duoc dng trong san xuat loat nho, don chiec v cho php mo
rong kha nang cong nghe cua my phay ngang.
Hnh 4.7 c l mot loai dau quay hai truc mang dao tren my quay nam
ngang. Chuyen dong quay t truc chnh cua my truyen qua duoi con 1, cc bnh
rang tru ti truc mang dao 4. Loai dau dao ny c the mang nhieu truc mang dao
lap tren my phay ngang, my phay dng. Cho php thay the nhieu my phay
van nang v nang cao nang suat lao dong.
---------- ***** ----------



g
Chuong 4: Dung cu phu
98
CU HOI ON TAP CHUONG
1. nghia viec thiet ke v su dung do g g dao (dung cu phu).
2, Trnh by cc co cau kep dung cu cat tren my khoan d hoc:
_ Co cau thay dao nhanh.
_ o g tien rnh mat trong.
_ au khoan nhieu truc.
_ au khoan thay doi vi tr.
_ au rovover.
3. Trnh by cc co cau kep dung cu cat tren my tien d hoc.
4. Trnh by cc co cau kep dung cu cat tren my phay d hoc.
g
Chuong 5: g lp rp
88
CHUONG 5
G LAP RP
(2 tiet)
MUC TU
_ Trang bi nhng kien thc co ban cho viec thiet ke do g chuyen dng lap rp.
_ Nam duoc dac diem , ket cau v phan loai duoc do g lap rp.
N DUNG
I. PHN LOAI G LAP RP:
o g lap rp l nhng do g de xc dinh vi tr v kep chat chi tiet (hoac
san pham) trong qu trnh lap rp .
o g lap rp duoc chia lm hai loai l do g lap rp van nang v do g
lap rp chuyen dng
1. o g lap rp van nang:
Loai do g ny thung duoc dng trong san suat don chiec, loat nho.
l: cc bn lap rp, khoi V, ke g, cc loai kch v cc co cau phu khc (chem,
ren vt , mo kep ...)
Bn lap rp duoc che tao bang gang c nhng rnh ch T de g doi tuong
lap. Bn lap rp duoc dat tren be cch mat dat t 100 den 200 mm v duoc dieu
chinh chnh xc theo mat phang nam ngang.
Khoi V v ke g duoc dng de g cc chi tiet co so khi lap rp . Tren be
mat dinh vi cua khoi V v ke g , ngui ta gia cong cc lo thong suot cho cc bu
long kep chat .
Cc loai kch duoc dng de d cc vat nang .
2. o g lap rp chuyen dng:
o g lap rp chuyen dng duoc dng rong ri trong san suat hng loat ln
g
Chuong 5: g lp rp
89
v hng khoi. Dua vo chc nang su dung ngui ta chia do g lap rp chuyen
dng ra lm hai loai :
a) Loai do ga dng de kep cht chi tiet co so (hoc bo phan) khi lp rap.

Hinh 5.1 o g lap rp chuyen dng mot vi tr v nhieu vi tr
a) o g mot vi tr: b) o g quay: c) o g nhieu vi tr.
1. Chi tiet lap rp : 2. Mo kep : 3. Than g: 4. Vt kep.
Nhu vay chi tiet co so (hoac bo phan) khong bi xe dich dui tc dung cua
nhng luc sinh ra trong qu trnh lap rp. Su do g loai ny cho php nang cao
nang suat lao dong khi lap rp. Can nh rang, do g thuoc nhm ny duoc dng
khong phai de dinh vi chnh xc chi tiet m chu yeu l co dinh vi tr cua chi tiet.
Hnh 5.1 a l do g mot vi tr dng de kep vo hop giam toc cua o to. Hnh
5.1 b l loai do g c the quay xung quanh truc thang dng de lap hop toc do.
Tren do g ny, Vo hop duoc kep chat bang mo kep 2. e nang cao nang suat
lao dong khi lap rp ngui ta dng do g lap rp nhieu vi tr (hnh 5.1 c).
Cng giong nhu do g gia cong nhieu vi tr, tat ca cc chi tiet tren do g ny
phai duoc kep chat mot cch deu dan.
o g lap nhieu vi tr c hai loai l do g co dinh v do g di dong
g
Chuong 5: g lp rp
90
o g co dinh duoc dat tai be lap, do g di dong duoc dat tren bang
chuyen. Khi lap rp cc chi tiet nho v nhe, ngui ta dua do g di dong ra khoi
bang truyen de thuc hien nguyen cong, sau d lai dat do g ny len bang chuyen
de di chuyen ti vi tr khc.
b) Loai do ga dng de ga dt chinh xac doi tuong lp rap:
Su dung do g loai ny ngui cong nhan khong phai mat thi gian xc dinh
vi tr chnh xc cua doi tuong lap v chng d duoc dinh vi tren do g du so bac
tu do can thiet. Cc loai do g ny dng de: hn, dn, nong p, lap chat, cc kieu
lap ren... ay l do g can thiet de tu dong ho qu trnh lap rp.
Hnh 5.2 l do g lap rp truc khuyu. o g ny, do dong tam cua hai co
truc chnh cua truc khuyu duoc dam bao l do chi tiet duoc dinh vi tren hai khoi
V ngan (d duoc dieu chinh chnh xc ).
Hinh 5.2 o g lap rp truc khuyu.

II. THANH PHN CUA G LAP RP:
o g lap rp cau tao gom cc phan co cau sau:
_ Cc chi tiet dinh vi.
_ Cc chi tiet kep chat.
_ Co cau phu v vo do g.
g
Chuong 5: g lp rp
91
1. Co cau dinh vi:
Cc chi tiet dinh vi o do g lap rp cng lm chc nang nhu o do g gia
cong v do g kiem. Trong nhng trung hop chi tiet co so can kep chat th tren
be mat do dinhvi ngui ta boc mot lp cao su de trnh xay st.
2. Co cau kep chat:
Co cau kep chat trong do g lap rp cng tuong tu nhu trong do g gia
cong. Yeu cau cua co cau kep chat l khong gay bien dang v khong lm hong
be mat cua doi tuong lap rp. e giam thi gian kep chat ngui ta thung dng
co cau kep chat bang kh nn, lm cho do g bt cong kenh.
Mot dieu can luu l khong duoc kep chat truc tiep doi tuong lap rp bang
t, boi vay khoi luong lap rp c kha nang bi nhiem t. oi vi nhng trung
hop luc kep nho, tot nhat l kep chat bang chan khong.
Khi thiet ke co cau kep chat phai dua vo luc kep can thiet. Phuong php
xc dinh luc kep cng tuong tu vi do g gia cong, nghia l phai giai bi ton
can bang luc v momen.
Can nh rang he so can bang k khi tnh luc kep vi do g lap rp c khc K
khi tnh luc kep vi do g gia cong.
oi vi do g lap rp he so an ton k k
o
. k
4
. k
5
. k
6
. (khong tnh k
1
. k
2
. k
3
)
o day: k
o
1,5 he so an ton doi vi tat ca moi trung hop.
k
4
he so tnh den do on dinh cua luc kep (kep bang tay k
4
1,3, kep co kh
v tu dong k
4
1),
k
5
he so tnh den mc do thuan loi khi kep chat trong do g kep bang tay
(kep thuan loi k
5
1, kep khong thuan loi k
5
1,2),
k
6
he so tnh den momen lm xoay chi tiet (neu dien tch gia be mat doi
tuong lap v do dinh vi nho th k
6
1, cn neu dien tch tiep xc ln k
6
1,5 ).
Trong trung hop dien tch tiep xc ln th do nhap nho be mat doi tuong
lap s tao nen nhng vi tr tiep xc thuc mot cch ngau nhien do vi tam quay
g
Chuong 5: g lp rp
92
cua doi tuong lap.
3. Co cau phu:
Co cau phu l nhng co cau quay, co cau phan do, cc chot dinhvi, cc
can day v cc co cau khc. Cong cu v ket cau cua co cau phu o do g lap rp
cng tuong tu nhu o do g gia cong. Can ch rang doi vi nhng co cau xung
quanh truc nam ngang, vi tr toi uu cua truc quay phai di qua trong tam cua phan
quay v doi tuong lap tren d.

III. AC IEM THIET KE G CHUYEN DNG:
Ti lieu ban dau de thiet ke do g gom:
- Ban v lap bo phan hoac san pham
- ieu kien k thuat doi tuong lap
- uy trnh lap (so do lap: trnh tu nguyen cong lap: so do dinh vi: thiet bi, dung
cu lap rp).
- San luong hng nam.
Thiet ke do g duoc bat dau t so do g dat, kch thuc, so luong v vi tr
tuong quan cua co cau dinh vi. Xc dinh tri so, diem dat cua luc kep, chon co
cau kep chat. Xc dinh co cau dan hung, co cau phu v vo do g. o chnh xc
lap rp phu thuoc vo phuong php lap rp (chat hay long), do chnh xc cua chi
tiet, phuong php dinh vi khi lap rp v do chnh xc cua do g. o chnh xc lap
rp cao nhat c the dat duoc khi cc chi tiet duoc lap vi nhau khong c khe ho.
Trong trung hop ny, do g khong anh huong den do chnh xc dinh tam cua
cc chi tiet (hnh 5.3 a). Trong trung hop lap rp co dinh, luong dich chuyen
hung knh ln nhat cua cc chi tiet bang khe ho hung knh ln nhat. Khi d
neu dng co cau dan hung hnh con c the giam duoc luong dich chuyen ti tri
so nho nhat (hnh 5.3 b). Khi lap rp khong c chi tiet dinh tam, can ch sao
cho chuan lap rp trng vi chuan do lung (hnh 5.c).
g
Chuong 5: g lp rp
93












Hinh 5.3 So do xc dinh do chnh xc lap rp.
a) inh tam bang chot tru: b) inh tam bang chot con:
c) Chuan lap rp trng vi chuan do: d) Chuan lap rp khong trng chuan do
day cc chi tiet lap 1 v 2 c mat chuan lap rp l mat phang dng ty vo
cc mat cua chi tiet a. Trong trung hop trng chuan nhu vay, do chnh xc lap
rp l cao nhat. Kch thuc lap rp X chi thay doi khi cc chi tiet do g bi mn.
Hnh 5.3 d l trung hop chuan lap rp khong trng vi chuan do lung.
Trong trung hop ny kch thuc X c sai so v sai so d phu thuoc vo sai so
cc kch thuc l
1
v l
2
.
Khi lap rp cc bo phan (san pham) c so luong chi tiet ln, do chnh xc
cua cc kch thuc lap rp duoc xc dinh tren co so giai chuoi kch thuc. Trong
trung hop giai chuoi kch thuc theo phuong php cuc dai cuc tieu (phuong
php lap lan hon ton) dung sai cua kch thuc X duoc xc dinh nhu sau (hnh
5.5a):

n
1 i
i
o day: - dung sai cua kch thuc do g L.
g
Chuong 5: g lp rp
94

n
1 i
i
- tong cc dung sai kch thuc l
1
, l
2
,...l
n
(cua chi tiet lap rp).
V vay, ta c the xc dinh dung sai cua kch thuc do g:
x
-

=
n
1 i

i
Khi giai chuoi kch thuc theo phuong php lap lan hon ton, dung sai
x
duoc
xc dinh nhu sau:
x

2 2
n n
2
2 2
2
1 1
. . ... . . t + + +

o day: t - he so xc dinh phan tram () phe pham theo kch thuc x (t3)
Su phu thuoc cua phe pham vo he so t nhu sau:
t 1 2 3
phe pham 32 4,5 0,27

1
,
2
,.
n
- he so phu thuoc vo hnh dng dung cong phan bo kch thuc cua
cc chi tiet lap rp. Trong trung hop dung cong chuan:
9
1
: dung cong xc
suat deu v khong xc dinh:
3
1
: dung cong hnh tam gic:
6
1

Ta c the xc dinh dung sai cua kch thuc do g lap rp:

=
2
n n
2
2 2
2
1 1
2
2
. ... . .
t
1

Hinh 5.5 So do tnh chuoi kch thuc cua do g lap rp.
a) Giai chuoi kch thuc bang phuong php cuc dai, cuc tieu.
b) Giai chuoi kch thuc khi hn hai chi tiet v B.
g
Chuong 5: g lp rp
95
Hnh 5.5b l do g hn hai chi tiet v B. Cho hn duoc the hien bang nt dam.
Khi hn do g bi nung nng, v vay de tnh den do gin no cua do g ngui ta
phai tnh den khe ho khi g chi tiet trong do g. Trong trung hop khong c
hoac qu nho, chi tiet s bi bien dang. Gi tri duoc xc dinh theo cong thc
sau: ( ) [ ]

+ = L L L t
B B A A
. .
o day : t l nhiet do: L

, L
B
l kch thuc chi tiet (mm):
l he so tang nhiet cua do g: L l kch thuc cua do g:

:
B
l he so tang nhiet cua cc chi tiet.

Neu (L

.

L
B

B
) L. th khe ho tang.
oi vi cc chi tiet c hnh dng phc tap th viec xc dinh duoc xc
dinh bang phuong php thuc nghiem.
Dung sai cua kch thuc L
0
(K hieu l
0
) duoc xc dinh theo phuong php
lap lan hon ton:
0

A

B

T d ta c dung sai kch thuc L duoc xc dinh nhu sau:
0
-
B
- -
A

Theo phuong php lap lan khong hon ton ta c the xc dinh
0
:

2 2
2
2
1 0
+ + = B A t
t d ta c:

( )

=
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
B
A
t

Neu bo phan lap rap gom n chi tiet th cong thc tren c dang sau:

( )

= n
n B
A
t
2 2
2
2
1
2
2
1
.....
1

khi
1

2

3
...
n

9
1
(uy luat phan bo deu) v t 3 ta c:
( ) n
2 2
2
2
1
2
0
.... =
g
Chuong 5: g lp rp
96
e nang cao do chnh xc lap rp bang phuong php hn, dn th cc chi
tiet can c vau, g, hoac rnh de dinh hung.
Chon vat lieu cho do g lap rp c mot nghia quan trong doi vi do ben
v do chnh xc cua do g. He so dn no cua vat lieu doi tuong lap (chi tiet) phai
nho hon he so dn no cua vat lieu do g. Trong trung hop ny ta c the giam
khe ho do nhiet do gia do g v san pham (doi tuong lap rp) v ta c the dat
duoc do chnh xc lap rp cao hon (trong nhieu trung hop c the dat 0.025
0.05mm). Vat lieu lm do g phai chiu duoc nhiet, phai c do ben v do chong
ben cao.
Ket cau cua do g phai don gian, thuan tien, cho viec kiem tra do chnh
xc cua chng khi can kiem tra ta c the dng phuong php kiem tra truc tiep,
trnh dng phuong php gin tiep.
---------- ***** ----------
CU HOI ON TAP CHUONG
1. The no l do g lap rp van nang, do g lap rp chuyen dng
2. Hy neu cc co cau cua do g lap rp T d neu anh huong cua tng co cau
d doi chat luong lap rp.
3. Hy neu v phan tch nhng dac diem khi thiet ke do g lap rp.

g
Chuong 6: g kim tra
108
CHUONG 6
G KIEM TRA
(3 tiet)
MUC TU BA HOC
_ Trang bi nhng kien thc co ban ve do g kiem tra v cc yeu cau k thuat
chung cua san pham co kh.
_ Qua d, hoc sinh chon duoc do g kiem tra, v thiet ke duoc do g don gian.
N DUNG
I. KHI NIEM CHUNG.
o g kiem tra dng de dnh gi do chnh xc hoac chat luong be mat cua
phoi hoac cua san pham trong qu trnh gia cong v khi thu nhan san pham.
o chnh xc kiem tra (sai so do) l hieu gia chi so cua dung cu do v gi
tri thuc cua dai luong do.
Theo so lieu thong ke th sai so do nam trong khoang 10-20% dung sai cua
doi tuong can do, sai so do tong cong bao gom cc thnh phan sau day:
- Sai so chuan v sai so kep chat khi do.
- Sai so dieu chinh do g.
- Sai so do do g bi mn.
- Sai so do nhiet do thay doi khi do.
Khi thiet ke do g kiem tra phai ch ti nhng nguyen nhan gay ra sai so
do tren day v co gang ti mc cao nhat de giam hoac loai tr anh huong cua
nguyen nhan d.
Mot van de khc cng anh huong rat ln ti phuong php kiem tra d l
nang suat kiem tra. oi vi nhng trung hop can kiem tra 100% chi tiet trong
san xuat day chuyen th thi gian kiem tra 1 chi tiet khong duoc ln hon nhip san
xuat. Cn doi vi trung hop chi can kiem tra mot so phan tram chi tiet nhat
g
Chuong 6: g kim tra
109
dinh th nang suat cua do g c the giam v nhu vay ta c the su dung nhng ket
cau don gian hon.
e kiem tra nhung chi tiet va v nho, ngui ta dng do g tinh, cn doi vi
nhng chi tiet ln phai dng do g di dong (o g ny duoc g tren chi tiet).
e tang nang suat khi kiem tra, ngui ta thiet ke nhng do g cho php g
dat mot lan c the xc dinh duoc nhieu thong so hoac dng nhng thiet bi tu
dong, bn tu dong. Nhung phuong php tien tien nhat l phuong php kiem tra
tch cuc (kiem tra chi tiet ngay trong qu trnh gia cong). Phuong php ny giam
duoc gi thnh san pham do han che duoc phe pham v khong c nguyen cong
kiem tra rieng biet.

2. KT CU CA G KIM TRA:
Ket cau cua do g kiem tra bao gom:
- Co cau dinh vi
- Co cau kep chat
- Co cau do
- Cc chi tiet phu
- Vo do g.
1. Co cau dinh vi:
Co cau dinh vi l nhng chi tiet dng de dinh vi doi tuong kiem tra. l
chot ty, phien ty, khoi V, truc g. Chot ty chom cau dng dinh vi mat tho (chua
gia cong), cn chot ty dau phang dng de dinh vi mat tinh (d qua gia cong).
e dinh vi mat tru ngoi, ngui ta dng khoi V, trong trung hop d chi tiet
v khoi V chi tiep xc theo dung nen khoi V chng mn v s giam do chnh
xc neu nhu ta chi dng khoi V de dinh vi chi tiet khi kiem tra. e khac phuc
nhuoc diem d ngui ta dng khoi V vi cc con lan (hnh 6.1a) v cc truc dieu
chinh (hnh 6.1b).
g
Chuong 6: g kim tra
110
Sai so do (sai so kiem tra), khi
chi tiet dinh vi tren khoi V duoc tnh
theo cong thc:

+ = 1
2
sin
sin
2



Hinh 6.1 Khoi V vi cc con lan (a).
Khoi V vi cc truc dieu chinh (b).
day - dung sai dung knh chi tiet:
- Gc g dau do (hnh 6.2 a)
Ta thay sai so do nho nhat khi 0 = (do chnh xc cao nhat), nghia l ti so
1
2
sin
sin
=

. Trong thuc te khoi V c gc = 90 l thong dung nhat, nen c the

lay = 45 .
Dng khoi V c the xc
dinh duoc sai so hnh dng cua
chi tiet, chang han X = a-b l do
o van, khi ta quay chi tiet mot
vng tren khoi V c gc
= 90 (hnh 6.2 b).
Hinh 6.2 Kiem tra chi tiet tren khoi V
o con cua chi tiet duoc xc dinh bang hieu gia hai chi so cua dung cu do
tren hai tiet dien ngang cua chi tiet.
o dao hung knh cua chi tiet duoc xc dinh bang hai phuong php: dinh
vi chi tiet tren truc g (chi tiet c lo) hoac chong tam hai dau (chi tiet dang truc).
Khi chi tiet dinh vi tren truc g de trnh anh huong cua khe ho gia lo v
truc g ngui ta lm truc g c do con (1:1000 1:10000) hoac dng truc g
dn hoi.
g
Chuong 6: g kim tra
111
Ngoi nhng chi tiet dinh vi tren day, trong thuc te nhieu lc phai su dung
ket hop cc hnh thc dinh vi (phien ty, chot ty.... ) .
Khi thiet ke do g kiem tra nen ch chon chuan do lung trng vi chuan
gia cong de loai tr anh huong cua sai so chuan.
Hnh 6.3 l so do tnh sai so g dat khi chi tiet duoc dinh vi tren truc g theo
hai lo lech tam.
Theo so do hnh 6.3 tam truc g lech 1 gc so vi so vi tam lo.
L
e e e
2 1
+ +
o day e - do lech tam cua hai lo:
L - khoang cch gia hai mat dau cua hai lo.
Cc gi tri e
1
v e
2
duoc
xc dinh nhu sau:

2
1
d d
e
A

:
2
, ,
2
d d
e
A

o day d
A
v
d
A
' : d v d' dung knh
cc lo v cc co truc g
Hinh 6.3 So do tnh sai so g dat khi dinh vi theo hai lo
Neu do lech tam duoc do o khoang cch 1 (t mat dau cua chi tiet) th sai so
g dat cua truc g o tiet dien ny duoc xc dinh nhu sau:
1
. e tg e + = (6. 5)
2. Co cau kep chat:
Co cau kep chat dng de gi cho chi tiet khong bi dich chuyen khi kiem tra.
Co cau kep chat trong do g kiem tra hon ton khc co cau kep chat trong do g
gia cong. do g kiem tra, luc kep phai rat nho v rat on dinh de khong gay ra
bien dang chi tiet. do g kiem tra thung dng co cau kep bang tay nhu: dn
bay, l xo, ren vt, bnh lech tam v co cau kep chat bang hoi p. Yeu cau doi
vi luc kep l khong gay bien dang chi tiet qu tri so cho php. Khi luc kep on
g
Chuong 6: g kim tra
112
dinh th sai so do co dinh v sai so ny c the duoc tnh den khi dieu chinh co
cau do theo chi tiet mau. Neu luc kep khong on dinh v sai so do khong the tnh
duoc khi dieu chinh my.
3. Co cau do:
Co cau do c hai loai:
- Loai co cau do gii han ( c cap, calip, dung.).
- Loai co cau do chi thi (dong ho so, thang chia vach)
San pham kiem tra (chi tiet kiem tra) duoc dnh gi theo 3 chi tieu:
- at yeu cau
- Phe pham theo gii han dui cua dung sai
- Phe pham theo gii han tren cua dung sai
Trong trung hop dau do lap co dinh, chi tiet kiem tra s di chuyen tren co
cau dinh vi cua do g. Cn neu chi tiet co dinh th dau do s di dong.
So do do ny duoc ng dung cho nhng trung hop m dung sai cua chi tiet
kiem tra ln (do chnh xc cap 3 - 4). oi vi nhng chi tiet c do chnh xc 0,2
mm doi khi ngui ta dng phuong php kiem tra bac thang. Theo phuong php
ny chi tiet dat yeu cau neu nhu dau tren cua chot nam gia hai bac. Trong thuc
te ngui ta cn dng phuong php do bang bo cam bien dien.
Neu kch thuc dung knh D nam trong pham vi dung sai th cc dn bo
khong sng. Neu kch thuc D nho hon gii han dui th mot dn sng cn neu
D ln hon gii han tren th dn kia sng. n 3 chi sng khi cc cong tac cua dn
1 v 2 khong tiep xc, nghia l khi dung knh D nam trong dung sai. Nhu vay,
trong moi trung hop deu c 1 dn sng. Phuong php kiem tra ny rat thuan
tien v nang cao nang suat lao dong.
Ngoi ra nhng kieu dau do tren day, ngui ta cn dng kieu dau do kh
nn. Phuong php do bang kh nn l mot phuong php c do chnh xc v nang
suat cao. Dng kh nn c the kiem tra duoc cc dang sai so kch thuc, sai so
hnh dng v vi tr tuong quan.
g
Chuong 6: g kim tra
113
4. Co cau phu:
Co cau phu cua do g kiem tra c nhieu chc nang khc nhau. do g
kiem tra do dao hung knh v hung truc, ngui ta dng co cau quay. Cn o do
g kiem tra do phang th dng co cau truot.










Hinh 6.4 Co cau phu.
a) Co cau phu thang: b) Co cau phu vuong gc:
c) Co cau phu c l xo: d) Co cau phu mo nhon:
Tren hnh 6.4 a dung cu do c the duoc dat o noi thuan tien de trnh bi va
cham gay hong hc. Tren hnh 6.4 b l trung hop can thay doi chieu dich
chuyen thang v ty so truyen cua thong so kiem tra. Cn tren hnh 6.4 c l co cau
dn bay tua tren l xo l c chieu dy t 0,2 0,3 mm, loai co cau ny khong bi
mn trong qu trnh lm viec cho nen khong can dieu chinh. Neu co cau do
khong thuan loi cho qu trnh g v tho chi tiet ngui ta dng so do nhu hnh
6.4 d.
5. Vo do g:
Vo do g l chi tiet co so duoc che tao bang gang xm GX 12 28 hoac 15
32. oi vi cc do g kiem tra chnh xc, vo do g thung lm bang gang c do
g
Chuong 6: g kim tra
114
ben cao, chong cong venh nhu GX 24 44 hoac GX 28 48.

III. V DU V G KIEM TRA:

\i du 1: Hnh 6.5 l mot kieu do g kiem tra do dong tam hai lo: chi tiet
can kiem tra 1 duoc dinh vi tren truc g 2: khi kiem tra, ngui ta dng tay quay
quay chi tiet mot vng.
Neu c do lech tam, dau
do 3 dich chuyen lm
cho tay dn 4 quay, chot
5 dich chuyen, tc dong
len kim dong ho 6. Vay
khoang mo cua kim
dong ho s chi hai lan do
lech tam.
Hinh 6..5 o g kiem tra do dong tam hai lo.

\i du 2: Hnh 6.6 l kieu do g kiem tra nhieu thong so cua piston cng
mot lc. ong ho 1 kiem tra
khoang cch t tam lo ac vi
mat dau cua piston. ong ho 2
kiem tra do vuong gc gia
tam lo ac v piston. ong ho 3
kiem tra do trng tam gia lo
ac v piston. Chi so cua dong
ho 2 v 3 bang hai lan chi so
can do.



Hinh 6.6 o g kiem tra nhieu thong so cua piston.
g
Chuong 6: g kim tra
115
\i du 3: Hnh 6.7 l do g kiem tra tch cuc khi mi ( kiem tra chi tiet trong qu
trnh gia cong). Chi tiet gia cong 1 duoc tiep xc tren hai diem co dinh v mot
diem cua dau do. Ba diem tiep xc duoc bo tr tren mot cung ln hon 180
0
de
trnh sai so ovan anh huong den ket qua do. Khi gia cong, dung knh cua chi
tiet 1 nho dan, l xo 8 day chot 9 xuong tiep xc vi be mat gia cong. Chot 9
gan vi chi tiet 3, chi tiet 3 gan vi dau do cua dong ho 2. Kim dong ho s di
dong theo chieu giam dan cua
kch thuc gia cong. Ngui cong
nhan chi nhn dong ho den khi
kch thuc dat yeu cau th dng
my (khi dieu chinh dong ho
ngui ta phai dng truc mau).
Ton bo do g ny duoc lap tren
dn 6 c chot quay 7 v 5, l xo
4 ko do g len, gan lien tren
nap che d mi. Qua ba v du
tren l cc loai kiem tra bang co
kh. Hien nay trong san xuat cn
dung nhieu loai do g kiem tra
c do chnh xc cao hon nhu
kiem tra bang kh nn, kiem tra
bang quang hoc, p dung rong
ri tren cc thiet bi kiem tra tu dong.
Hnh 6.7 o g kiem tra tch cuc khi mi.

---------- ----------



g
Chuong 6: g kim tra
116
CU HOI ON TAP CHUONG
1. Trnh by muc dch, nghia, cong dung, phan loai do g kiem tra.
2. Trnh by ket cau cua do g kiem tra Cong dung cua co cau dinh vi, kep
chat, co cau do trong do g kiem tra.
3. Trnh by cau tao v hoat dong do g kiem tra:
_ Kiem tra bang gii han dieu chinh.
_ Kiem tra bang bo cam bien dien d hoc.
4. Trnh by cau tao v hoat dong do g kiem tra do dong tam hai lo, kiem tra
tong hop yeu cau k thuat che tao piston, do g kiem tra tch cuc khi mi.
g
Chuong 7:Tiu chun ho v linh hoat ho trang bi cng ngh
117
Chuong VII
TIEU CHUN HO VA LINH HOAT HO TRANG BI CONG NGHE
(5 Tiet)
MUC TU BA HOC
_ Trang bi nhng kien thc co ban ve cc day truyen gia cong tieu chuan ha v
linh hoat ha trang bi cong nghe tren day truyen gia cong co kh.
_ Qua d, hoc sinh c the nam bat duoc cc tieu chuan co ban trong cc day
truyen gia cong linh hoat ha, p dung trong cc nh my gia cong co kh hien
dai di hoi k thuat cao. Ngoi ra, c the xay dung duoc cc day truyen gia cong
co ban phuc vu cho san xuat hng loat vi my cong cu thong thung.
N DUNG
I. PHUONG PHP TIU CHUN HO VA LINH HOAT HO TRANG B| CNG
NGH-B LINH KIN TRANG B| CNG NGH TIU CHUN.
Hien nay, xu hung chnh trong ngnh co kh l tu dong ho v linh hoat
ho san xuat. Tu dong ho l nham muc dch giam thi gian v chi ph san xuat
ni chung cn linh hoat ho l nham muc dch giam thi gian v chi ph chuan bi
san xuat m trong d c chuan bi cong nghe.
Ni chung thiet ke v che tao trang bi cong nghe chuyen dng l cong viec
rat phc tap, ton nhieu thi gian v c chi ph cao: c nghia l trang bi cong nghe
chuyen dng chi thch hop vi quy mo san xuat hng loat ln v hng khoi vi
chu ky san xuat di.
Trong quy mo san xuat pho bien l hng loat va v hng loat nho, hien nay
chiem khoang 80% phai han che viec nghien cu, thiet ke v che tao trang bi
cong nghe chuyen dng bang cch thong nhat ho de tien ti c the tieu chuan
ho ket cau cua cc bo phan co ban cua cc loai trang bi cong nghe co kh: t d
xay dung bo linh kien trang bi cong nghe tieu chuan tao dieu kien to hop nhanh
g
Chuong 7:Tiu chun ho v linh hoat ho trang bi cng ngh
118
thnh cc trang bi cong nghe da dang tren co so cc linh kien tieu chuan, de
thch ng nhanh v kip thi doi vi doi tuong san xuat cu the nhu vay khi niem
linh hoat ho o day chnh l su ket hop cua hai khi niem l to hop ho v van
nang ho trang bi cong nghe.
To hop ho trang bi cong nghe l xay dung cc ket cau trang bi cong nghe
co kh da dang v tho lap duoc t cc chi tiet, bo phan d duoc thong nhat ho
v tieu chuan ho (bo linh kien trang bi cong nghe tieu chuan). Khi khong su
dung na th tho ri cc chi tiet (bo phan tieu chuan de sau ny lai xay dung
thnh ket cau trang bi cong nghe mi).
Van nang ho trang bi cong nghe l xay dung ket cau trang bi cong nghe
ng vi mot nhm doi tuong san xuat gom mot so kieu c khc nhau, khi thay
doi kieu c doi tuong san xuat khong can xay dung trang bi cong nghe mi m
chi can thay doi hoac bo xung mot cht t. Loai trang bi cong nghe c tnh chat
nhu vay thung c hai dang ket cau l do g van nang lap ghp (GVL) v do g
van nang dieu chinh (GVD).
Nguoc lai chuyen dng ho trang bi cong nghe l xay dung trang bi cong
nghe chi ng vi mot kieu hoac mot c doi tuong san xuat nhat dinh.
Bo linh kien trang bi tieu chuan l tap hop nhieu chi tiet v bo phan ket cau
trang bi cong nghe co kh d duoc thong nhat ho v tieu chuan ho, m t d de
xay dung thnh trang bi cong nghe thch ng nhanh vi kieu hoac c doi tuong
san xuat cu the (hnh 7.1).







g
Chuong 7:Tiu chun ho v linh hoat ho trang bi cng ngh
119
Hnh 7.1 Bo linh kien trang bi cong nghe tieu chuan.
1. Tam de: 2. Co cau kep: 3, 5 Tam de kep: 4. Tam tua:
6. C: 7. Chot g: 8. Then dan hung: 9. Mieng kep then: 10. Phien dan.
Cc bo linh kien trang bi cong nghe tieu chuan dng cho qu trnh gia cong
chi tiet co kh thung duoc xay dung theo dang lap ghp cua cc linh kien khi
chng to hop thnh trang bi cong nghe d l dang lap ghp theo lo v dang lap
ghp theo rnh.
dang lap ghp theo lo hnh 7.2 cc linh kien cua trang bi cong nghe co
kh duoc lap ghp vi nhau bang cc chot dinh vi v cc bulong kep chat. Dang
lap ghp ny c ket cau don gian nhung vi tr cua cc linh kien khi chng duoc
lap ghp thnh trang
bi cong nghe phu
thuoc vo vi tr cua
cc lo dinh vi d
duoc tao sn tren
phien de, nhu vay
chua the c kha nang
thch ng cao khi su
dung. Cc bac c lo
dinh vi duoc che tao
theo tieu chuan v
duoc lap ghp chnh
xc tren phien de.
Hnh 7.2 Dang lap ghp theo lo
1. Tam de: 2. Bac lap ghp: 3. Tam tua:
4. Chot tru: 5. Phien ty: 6. Khoi V
dang lap ghp theo rnh hnh 7.3 cc linh kien trang bi cong nghe tieu
chuan c cc rnh hnh ch T tao dieu kien dinh vi v dieu chinh chng thuan
g
Chuong 7:Tiu chun ho v linh hoat ho trang bi cng ngh
120
tien. Cc linh kien duoc kep
chat vi nhau bang cc phan tu
kep c ket cau dang ch T
nhng linh kien ny duoc che
tao ton km hon nhung lai tao
kha nang dieu chinh vi tr
thuan tien v linh hoat hon.
Mat khc ket cau cua cc linh
kien theo dang lap ghp dng
rnh nhu vay cn dam bao gi
vng vi tr d xc dinh dui tc
dung cua luc kep v luc gia cong. Hinh 7.3 Dang lap ghp theo rnh.
1,3. Mieng kep then:
2,4,5. Tam kep
Bo linh kien trang bi cong nghe tieu chuan dng trong gia cong co kh bo
gom: Phien de, cc phan tu trung gian cc phan tu dinh vi, cc phan tu kep chat,
cc phan tu tua d, cc phan tu noi ghp.
Phien de l phan tu co so de lap ghp cc phan tu khc len n v de lap vi my
gia cong phien de thung c dang hnh khoi lap phuong hnh thuc do vuong
gc, hnh tam dy
Cc phan tu trung gian c chc nang lien ket cc phan tu v cc phan tu kep
chat. Cc phan tu trung gian thung l tam trung gian, chem, phien dieu chinh.
Cc phan tu dinh vi tieu chuan duoc xc dinh tuy theo yeu cau su dung, c
dang ket cau giong nhu o trang bi chuyen dng d l khoi V, phien ty, chot g...
Cc phan tu kep chat-tua d dng de kep chat v d phoi thung l vtme
kep chat, bnh lech tam, bulong dieu chinh...
Cc phan tu noi ghp c chc nang lien ket cc phan tu khc nhau thung l
chot lap ghp, bulong lap ghp, co cau kep c rnh ch T...
g
Chuong 7:Tiu chun ho v linh hoat ho trang bi cng ngh
121
II. XY DUNG G LINH HOAT CHO SN XUT HANG LOAT VI MY CNG
CU THNG THUONG.
o g linh hoat duoc dng trong san xuat hng loat va v nho thung o
hai dang sau:
_ o g van nang lap ghp (GVL).
_ o g van nang dieu chinh (GVD).
* Do ga van nng lp ghp (C\L) c ket cau gom nhng linh kien tieu
chuan duoc tuyen chon v lap ghp thnh do g ng vi tng nguyen cong theo
mot doi tuong gia cong cu the. Hen nay, cc nuc d c bo linh kien tieu chuan
gom 25000 30000 chi tiet v bo phan tieu chuan, cho php lap ghp thnh 300
do g gia cong khc nhau.
Bo linh kien do g tieu chuan ny gom: Cc chi tiet co so (Phien dinh vi,
mam c rnh ch T, khoi V thanh L .), cc chi tiet dinh vi (chot, bac.), cc
chi tiet dan hung (phien dan, tru dan, bac dan.), cc co cau kep chat phoi, cc
co cau dinh vi v kep chat do g len my gia cong, cc co cau thao tc (tay cam,
nm van, .), cc bo phan khong tho ri (c dieu chinh, co cau phan do, co cau
sinh luc kep.).
oi vi cc x nghiep co kh nho chi can bo linh kien cua do g tieu chuan
gom 1500 2000 linh kien, mot nam c the lap duoc thnh 300 400 do g gia
cong khc nhau. Cc chi tiet phai che tao bo xung cho do g chi chiem khoang
1% so vi tong so cc chi tiet c trong bo linh kien do g tieu chuan.
Thi gian lap ghp mot do g c do phc tap trung bnh, vi tho lap rp
gioi mat vo khoang 4 gi. o g duoc lap ghp t bo linh kien tieu chuan dua
theo ban v chi tiet gia cong hoac theo chi tiet mau.
e dam bao hieu qua kinh te v k thuat khi xu dung bo linh kien trang bi
cong nghe tieu chuan can tuan thu cc buc sau:
_ Xc dinh nhng yeu cau doi vi trang bi cong nghe cu the
_ Xc dinh vi tr dinh vi, vi tr kep chat
g
Chuong 7:Tiu chun ho v linh hoat ho trang bi cng ngh
122
._ Lua chon cc linh kien trang bi cong nghe ph hop.
_ Xc lap phuong n bo tr cc phan tu ket cau cua trang bi cong nghe cu the.
_ Lap ghp cc linh kien, cc phan tu thnh trang bi cong nghe.
_ Kiem nghiem chc nang v do chnh xc cua trang bi cong nghe d duoc to
hop.
_ Gia cong chi tiet mau de kiem chng trang bi cong nghe.
_ Lap ban v hoac chup anh ket cau trang bi cong nghe d xay dung
_ Lap phieu su dung trang bi cong nghe.
cc nuc tien tien ngui ta c hoat dong dich vu cho thue do g duoc lap
ghp t cc linh kien trang bi cong nghe tieu chuan ( ngan hng do g).
* Do ga van nng dieu chinh l loai do g c xu dung cc co cau dinh vi,
kep chat phoi, co cau dan hung dung cu c kha nang thay doi ph hop vi
nhm chi tiet gia cong. Co cau dinh vi phoi o loai do g ny thung c kha nang
dieu chinh duoc de gia cong cc phoi theo kieu v c khc nhau, c kha nang
thay doi duoc de gia cong cc chi tiet khc nhau, thuc hien cc nguyen cong
khc nhau.
o g van nang dieu chinh (GVD) duoc dng trong san xuat hng loat. Khi
gia cong loat chi tiet mi khong tho do g ra khoi my m chi thay the cc bo
phan thay doi (dinh vi, kep chat phoi, dan hung dung cu) hoac dieu chinh mot
so co cau c nhat dinh cua do g. Cc bo phan thay doi cua loai do g ny phai
bao dam tho lap nhanh. Thi gian can thiet de tho lap thay doi cc bo phan
can thiet tren loai do g ny cho ph hop vi kieu, c chi tiet gia cong c the
thuc hien trong pham vi 3 pht.
o g van nang dieu chinh ve ket cau tuong tu nhu ket cau cua do g van
nang thong thung nhu e- to my, tam dan khoan kieu tru truot bnh rang -
thanh rang,mam cap c chau thgay doi dng kh nn, mam cap hoa mai c lap
ke de roa lo o cc chi tiet khong trn tren my tien, cc tam dan khoan tho
ri.khi gia cong cc phoi nho tren my phay c the dng do g van nang dieu
g
Chuong 7:Tiu chun ho v linh hoat ho trang bi cng ngh
123
chinh, c bang kep thay doi, moi bang kep ng vi mot kieu c phoi nhat dinh.
o g van nang dieu chinh dem lai hieu qua kinh te cao v neu xu dung s
khong phai thiet ke nhieu do g chuyen dng.

III. TRANG BI CONG NGHE DNG CHO DY CHUYN GIA CONG LINH HOAT
VA TU ONH HO (FMS )
1 ac diem cong nghe v cau trc ky thuat cua day chuyen gia cong linh
hoat: (FMS, Flexible maunufacturing System):
Trong mot thi gian di, ngnh co kh d tap trung nghen c de giai quyet
van de tu dong ho x nghiep c quy mo san xuat hng loat ln v hng khoi.,
mac d quy mo san xuat hng loat va v nho lai rat pho bien . i hoi bc xc
trong quy mo san xuat loat va v nho l nang cao hieu qua san xuat dan ti phai
nghien cu tien khi k thuat tu dong c tnh linh hoat cao trong day chuyen san
xuat. ac trung co ban nhat l tnh linh hoat. Hien nay c the coi tnh linh hoat
l mot nguyen tac trong ngnh co kh che tao my.
Tnh linh hoat cua mot day chuyen gia cong l kha nang thch nghi khi doi
tuong gia cong thay doi ca ve ket cau v so luong: duoc xc dinh theo kha nang
dieu chinh nhanh cua cc trang bi, dung cu , thiet bi, che do cong nghe ( goi
chung l cc tram cong nghe ) khi doi tuong gia cong thay doi ve ket cau, so
luong v thi gian gia cong. Ngy nay nhn nhan qu trnh gia cong theo quan
diem tong hop gia tu dong ho v linh hoat ho san xuat. Dn den phai nghien
cu xay dung v ng dung nhng he thong gia cong thch hop dieu khien bang
my tnh CM (Computer ntergated manuaturing)vi chat luong v nang suat
gia cong cao.
He thong CM, qu trnh van dong vat chat, phoi lieu, dung cu, g lap, vat
lieu phu, phe lieu.), qu trnh chuyen doi thong tin (che do cat, ket cau chi tiet
gia cong.) v qu trnh dieu phoi nang luong dam bam dat mc toi uu.
g
Chuong 7:Tiu chun ho v linh hoat ho trang bi cng ngh
124
My cong cu, trung tam gia cong dieu khien bang chuong trnh so v k
thuat ghi xu l CNC (Compurterised Numerical Corntol) duoc su dung trong san
xuat hng loat va, hng loat nho, d tao dieu kien linh hoat ho v tu dong ho
day chuyen gia cong, nang cao chat luong v nang suat gia cong, dong thi cng
lm thay doi phuong php noi dung chuan bi cong nghe cho san xuat.
Day chuyen gia cong linh hoat duoc hnh thnh tren co so noi ghp mem
nhieu my cong cu don l hoac nhieu trung tam gia cong CNC, vi dng cung
ng phoi, dungcu tu dong ho v chu chnh dieu khien linh hoat c su tro gip
cua my vi tnh (CNC ).
Dng cung ng phoi lieu, dung cu linh hoat v tu dong ho l dac trung co
ban cua day chuyen gia cong linh hoat . My tnh dieu khien ton bo qu trnh
hoat dong cua day chuyen gia cong linh hoat (MS ) bao gom: cat got, g dat,
tho d, thay doi phoi, thay doi dung cu, dam bam chuong trnh gia cong tren
tng my cong cu v trung tam gia cong.

Hinh 7.1 Cc cau trc cua he
thong gia cong linh hoat (MS)
vi my cong cu thong thung
1. Bo cha phoi: 2. My cong
cu: 3. Phuong tien van
chuyen:
4. Gi dat phoi: 5. Thiet bi
nang chuyen.
So vi cc trung tam gia cong (MC Manuacturing Center) th cc he
thong gia cong linh hoat (MS) c tiem nang k thuat ln hon nhieu. Tnh chat
linh hoat MS dat nen mng cho k thuat gia cong tu dong cc loai chi tiet co
kh c va v nho. Nhm chi tiet gia cong c the tap hop t nhng loai chi tiet
co kh trong khoang kch thuc kh rong hoac t nhng chi tiet co kh c hnh
g
Chuong 7:Tiu chun ho v linh hoat ho trang bi cng ngh
125
dang, ket cau khc biet kh ln. Tnh linh hoat cua MS cn duoc khang dinh
doi vi cc chi tiet gia cong c thi gian gia cong di tren tng tram cong nghe
rieng l.
Mc do linh hoat ho v tu dong ho cua MS l yeu to quyet dinh nhat
mc gi tri dau tu de thiet ke, lap dat MS, dua tren mc do khai thc tiem nang
k thuat tren tng tram cong nghe.
Tm lai, hien nay linh hoat ho v tu dong ho qu trnh gia cong co kh
duoc coi l mot giai php hu hieu ve mat k thuat nham nang cao hieu qua san
xuat trong quy mo hng loat va v nho. ong thi, nhng giai php ny cng
dat ra nhng noi dung mi trong chuan bi cong nghe cho san xuat nham khai
thc triet de kha nang k thuat cua cc trang bi, thiet bi, dung cu gia cong hien
dai, tu dong v linh hoat cao nhung cng di hoi mc dau tu rat ln.
2. Cc loai trang bi cong nghe dng tren day truyen gia cong linh hoat FMS
a) Phuong tien cung ung dung cu gia cong:
Dung cu duoc nap v hieu chinh truc bang cch thu cong hay co kh ho
vo o tch dung cu. Viec tho d v cat dung cu vo o tch dung cu cng nhu
chuyen dungcu ti tng my cong cu, dac biet l thay dung cu o tng my, duoc
tu dong ho.
Ket cau cua bo thay doi dung cu tuy thuoc cc yeu to sau:
_ So luong can thiet de gia cong chi tiet co kh theo yeu cau.
_ Pham vi khong gian gia truc chnh cua my cong cu v ni dat o tch dung cu.
_ Cch sap xep dung cuv so hieu dung cu trong o tch dung cu.
_ Hieu chinh dung cu truc khi gia cong v hieu chinh dung cu tu dong trong
qu trnh gia cong tren my cong cu.
Chi ph cho bo thay doi dung cu tu dong phu thuoc vo so luong dung cu can
thiet trong qu trnh gia cong.
Ket cau dau rovonve c hnh ngoi sao v hnh ci trong (hnh 7.2) bi gii han ve
kha nang tiep nhan dung cu. au rovonve hnh ngoi sao c the l dang mot truc
g
Chuong 7:Tiu chun ho v linh hoat ho trang bi cng ngh
126
vi nhieu vi tr kep dung cu hoac l dang nhieu truc. e tiep nhan nhieu dung cu
c the dng cc dang o tch dung cu thch hop nhu la o dang dia (hnh 7.3), o
nhieu tang (hnh7.4), o bang xch (hnh 7.5) v nhieu dang o khc. Nhng dang
ket cau cua o tch dung cu khc nhau ve qu trnh chuyen dong den vi tr dung
cu, nhu cau ve khong gian lap dat, so luong cc chuyen dong v chieu di hnh
trnh van chuyen dung cu.







Hinh 7.2 au revonve v trang bi luu tr l thay doi dung cu c dung tch nho.
a, b. o tch dung cu hnh sao c. o tch dung cu hnh trong.








Hnh 7.3 _ o tch dang dia trn Hnh 7.4 _ o tch nhieu tang


Hnh 7.5 o tch bang xch
g
Chuong 7:Tiu chun ho v linh hoat ho trang bi cng ngh
127
dang ket cau c hai truc chnh (hnh 7.6) th truc pha tren s duoc thay
doi dung cu trong thi gian thuc hien nguyen cong.Ket cau dau khoan (hnh 7.7)
tao dieu kien thay doi dong thi nhieu dung cu, tao ra hieu qua dac biet.









Hinh 7.6 Co cau thay dung cu Hinh 7.7 Co cau thay dau khoan tu dong
1. Bn truot: 2. au rovonve hai truc. 1. au khoan.
3, 4 Truc dang lm viec v dng im. 2. Hop truc chnh.
5. Qung dung thay doi dung cu. 3. Bn truot.
6. o tch dung cu.
b) Phuong tien cung ung phoi:
Khi gia cong chi tiet co kh tren day truyen MS, bien php quan trong de
c the giam chi ph gia cong l giam gi tri tong thi gian luu thong cua chi tiet
gia cong tren day truyen MS. Nghia l phai tm bien php thch hop v c hieu
qua nhat de day nhanh toc do cua dng luu thong phoi lieu tren day truyen gia
cong. Nhu vay, dng phoi lieu (chi tiet) trong noi bo day truyen gia cong MS
phai c mc do tu dong ho v linh hoat ho tuong ng vi tram rieng l cua
MS.
Tay my, ngui my cong ngiep (Teleoperator, Manipulator, ndustrial
obot) c chc nang cung ng phoi lieu, dung cu cong nghe theo dinh hung
linh hoat ho v tu dong ho dng vat chat trong pham vi tng he thong gia cong
g
Chuong 7:Tiu chun ho v linh hoat ho trang bi cng ngh
128
MS, duoc nhan biet qua thuat ng he thong cung ung phoi lieu v dung cu cong
nghe.
Cc trung tam gia cong CNC c tnh linh hoat cao ket hop vi tay my,
ngui my cong nghiep CNC cao cap l hai co so nen tang k thuat can ban
nhat cua day truyen gia cong MS.
Trong thuc te, cau trc cua day truyen gia cong linh hoat tu dong ho
(MS) chiu anh huong cua phuong thc to chc dng phoi lieu van dong trong
n. Khi xc lap phuong n to chc dng phoi lieu trong MS can dam bao cc
yeu cau sau:
- ung van chuyen ngan nhat.
- am bao tnh linh hoat ve th tu gia cong chi tiet.
- am bao mc chat tai (tai trong) toi uu tren cc my gia cong (tram
cong nghe).
- Thi gian thong thot chi tiet gia cong ngan nhat, nghia l chu ky gia
cong chi tiet l ngan nhat.
- Tao dieu kien phuc vu nhieu tram cong nghe (my) thong qua thiet bi
chuyen doi cung ng ph hop.
- Chi ph thap.
Cho den nay, cc he thong gia cong linh hoat MS duoc xay dung theo cc
phuong n to chc dng phoi nhu sau:
- Phuong thc noi ghp thay the.
- Phuong thc noi ghp bo xung.
- Phuong thc noi ghp to hop.
- Phuong thc noi ghp mo rong.
Cau hoi chuong 7
Cau 1: The no l tieu chuan ho, linh hoat ho, trang bi cong nghe
Cau 2: The no l do g van nang lp ghp, dieu chinh Cong dung cua chng
Cau 3: Tm hieu de nam vng cc bo linh kien trang bi cong nghe tieu chuan.
g
Chuong 7:Tiu chun ho v linh hoat ho trang bi cng ngh
129





Cc hnh 7.8 v 7.9 l nhng v du ve day truyen gia cong linh hoat.

Hnh 6.21 _ Mot phan he thuoc he thong gia cong linh hoat TA - - 200
1. Thiet bi phuc vu gi luu tr: 2 .Bo luu tr: 3. Thiet bi tao nhip: 4. Be g phoi:
5. Thiet bi thay phoi: 6. My cong cu: 7. Buc dieu khien my: 8. Buc dieu khien
phan he: 9 trung tam dien toan : 10. Tu dieu khien.









Hnh 6.22 _ He my dieu khien NC gia cong cc chi tiet dang hop (
CNCNNAT )
1. Be dat de lay chi tiet
2. Bang tai con lan.
3. Noi tap ket cc chi tiet ch gia cong
4. my khoan NC vi dau rovonver lap 8 dung cu
5. Bn quay dieu khien NC
6. Bn phan phoi
7. My khoan NC vi dau rovonver lap 6 dung cu.
8. My rua.

Cau hoi chuong
Cau 1: The no l tieu chuan ho, linh hoat ho, trang bi cong nghe
nghia cap nhat cua viec tieu chuan ho v linh hoat ho trang bi cong nghe.
Cau 2: The no l do g van nang lp ghp
g
Chuong 7:Tiu chun ho v linh hoat ho trang bi cng ngh
130
o g van nang dieu chinh Cong dung
Cau 3: Tmm hieu de nam bo linh kien trang bi cong nghe tieu chuan:
Chi tiet dinh vi, kep chat, bac dan hung, phien dan hung, then dan hung, c
die chinh, c so dao, than do g de lap rp tao thnh mot do g gia cong: Tien:
phay: khoan: roa.
Cau 4: Nguyen l dac diem cua cong nghe, cau trc k thuat cua day truyen gia
cong linh hoat ( M S ) .
Cau 5: KHi niem ve obot ( ngui my cong nghiep) Cong dung v hieu qua
dng ngui my cong nghiep Cch phan loai ngui my cong nghiep.
g
Chuong 7:Tiu chun ho v linh hoat ho trang bi cng ngh
131
TI lieu tham khao

1. Gio trnh Cong nghe Che tao my (2 tap) do khoa Cong nghe Che tao my v
My chnh xc trung ai hoc Bch khoa bien soan.
2. Gio trnh Cong nghe khai thc Thiet bi co kh do cc tc gia Nguyn tien
o v Tran cong c bien soan.
3. Gio trnh cong nghe che tao my do cc tc gia Ph trong Hao v Nguyn
thanh Mai.
4. Gio trnh Co kh dai cuong do cc tc gia Hong Tng, Nguyn tien o v
Nguyn thc H bien soan.
5. Gio trnh Cong nghe che tao my do tc gia Pham ngoc Dng vNguyn
quang Hung bien soan.
6. Gio trnh o g do tc gia Le van Tien, Tran van ich v Tran xuan Viet
bien soan.
7. So tay t lt v do g do tc gia Tran van ich bien soan.


g
Chuong 7:Tiu chun ho v linh hoat ho trang bi cng ngh
132
Muc luc
BAI MO U
5
CHUONG I: CO SO THIET KE G CHUYEN DNG

. Quan he dung loi cong nghe, bien php cong nghe v dang san xuat 10
. Qu trnh g dat phoi tren my cat kim loai 12
. p dung nguyen tac 6 diem de dinh vi phoi
14
V. Sai so g dat phoi tren do g 20
CHUONG II: KET CAU G

. o dinh vi 28
. Kep chat v co cau kep chat 40
. Co cau dan hung v kiem tra vi tr dung cu cat 58
V. Cc co cau khc cua do g 66
CHUONG III: TRNH TU THIET KE G CHUYEN
DNG

. Yeu cau chung ve thiet ke do g 74
. Cc buc thiet ke co ban 75
. Xay dung ban v lap chung 83
V. Yeu cau cu the doi vi do g gia cong cat got 83
CHUONG IV: DUNG CU PHU

. Khi niem chung 88
. Co cau kep dung cu cat tren my khoan 88
. Co cau kep dung cu cat tren my tien 95
V. Co cau kep dung cu cat tren my phay 95
CHUONG V: G LAP RP

. Phan loai do g lap rp 99
g
Chuong 7:Tiu chun ho v linh hoat ho trang bi cng ngh
133
. Thnh phan cua do g lap rp 101
. ac diem thiet ke do g chuyen dng 103
CHUONG VI: G KIEM TRA

. Khi niem chung 108
. Ket cau cua do g kiem tra 109
CHUONG VII: TIEU CHUN HO VA LINH HOAT
HO TRANG BI CONG NGHE

. Phuong php tieu chuan ho v linh hoat ho trang bi cong nghe 117
. Xay dung do g linh hoat 121
. Trang bi cong nghe tren day truyen gia cong linh hoat v tu dong ho
(MS)
123
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
129
Muc luc 130