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TP CH PHT TRIN KH&CN, TP 12, S 03 - 2009

IU CH BIODIESEL T M C BASA BNG PHNG PHP HA SIU M


Nguyn Hng Thanh, Nguyn Trn T Nguyn, Nguyn Th Phng Thoa Trng i hc Khoa hc T nhin, HQG-HCM
(Bi nhn ngy 03 thng 09 nm 2008, hon chnh sa cha ngy 02 thng 01 nm 2009)

TM TT: iu ch c biodiesel t m c basa bng phng php transester ha vi methanol v xc tc kim. Vic s dng siu m tn s 35 kHz rt ngn thi gian phn ng, thi gian tch pha v to t tp cht trong sn phm hn so vi phng php ha hc thng thng. Cc yu t nh: bn cht v hm lng xc tc, thi gian phn ng, thi gian ha tan xc tc vo methanol, t l mol tc cht, cng sut siu m c kho st v a ra iu kin ti u. Hiu sut phn ng trn 90% vi sn phm biodiesel cha trn 97% methyl este v bo m cc quy chun ca TCVN cho nhin liu izen sinh hc gc (B100). 1. GII THIU Biodiesel hay diesel sinh hc (biodiesel fuel, thng vit tt l BDF) l thut ng dng ch loi nhin liu dng cho ng c diesel c sn xut t du thc vt hay m ng vt. Thnh phn chnh ca BDF l cc alkyl este, thng dng nht l metyl este. Trong nhng nm gn y, c rt nhiu nc trn th gii nghin cu, s dng v pht trin sn xut biodiesel gp phn gii quyt an ninh nng lng, thay th ngun nhin liu ha thch ang cn dn, gp phn a dng ha v to ra ngun nng lng sch lm gim nhim mi trng [1]. Nhiu phng php iu ch biodiesel t du m ng thc vt c a ra nh: sy nng, pha long, cracking, nh tng ha, transeste ha, .... Trong s thng dng nht l phn ng transeste ha do qu trnh phn ng tng i n gin v to ra sn phm este c tnh cht ha l gn ging nhin liu diesel. Hn na, cc este c th c t chy trc tip trong bung t ca ng c v kh nng hnh thnh cn thp [2]. Phn ng transester ha l phn ng gia triglyceride (thnh phn chnh trong du thc vt hay m ng vt) v alcohol (phng trnh 1). Sn phm biodiesel thu c l hn hp monoalkyl ester. S hin din ca xc tc (axt, kim...) s thc y qu trnh phn ng. t h s chuyn i cao phi dng lng d alcohol do phn ng transester ha l qu trnh thun nghch. C nhiu k thut c p dng thc hin phn ng transeste ha du m ng thc vt nh khuy gia nhit vi nhiu loi xc tc khc nhau [3-6], thc hin phn ng transeste ha trong mi trng alcohol siu ti hn [7,8], k thut siu m, vi sng,... [9-12]. Theo cc ti liu [9-12] phng php siu m p dng cho phn ng transeste ha du thc vt c u im l rt ngn thi gian phn ng, ng thi chuyn ha ca phn ng tng i cao.

H2C HC H2 C

OCOR1 OCOR2 OCOR3


+

H2C

OH OH OH
+

H3COCOR1 H3COCOR2 H3COCOR3 (1)

3CH3OH

HC H2C

Vit Nam l quc gia xut khu c basa mnh trn th gii. Nm 2007 sn lng c t trn 800.000 tn/nm tng ng vi lng m c trn 200.000 tn/nm v d kin nm 2008 s t hn 1 triu tn/nm tng ng vi lng m c khong 300.000 tn/nm [13]. Trong

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Science & Technology Development, Vol 12, No.03 - 2009 thi gian qua c nhiu c s sn xut BDF t m c basa. Tuy nhin, cha c nhng nghin cu khoa hc su v vn ny cng nh quy trnh cng ngh cha nghim ngt, dn n sn phm BDF cha tinh khit v khng tun th tiu chun quc t, gy hu qu khi a vo s dng thc t. iu ny dn n mt s nhn nh sai lm cho rng BDF t m c basa khng th pha trn lm nhin liu thay th cho ng c diesel. Trong cng trnh ny chng ti nghin cu cc yu t nh hng n cc qu trnh iu ch BDF t m c basa bng phng php ha siu m nhm a ra quy trnh cng ngh n gin, d thc hin, t tn thi gian m vn bo m y tiu chun ca sn phm BDF. 2. THC NGHIM M c basa c x l s b do cng ty TNHH Minh T cung cp v cc ha cht khc c s dng l ha cht tinh khit thng mi. Thnh phn m c basa (Bng 1) c phn tch trn my sc k ghp khi ph GC-MS hiu Hewlett Packard (HP)-6890. Bng 2 trnh by tnh cht ha l ca m, xc nh theo cc tiu chun TCVN 6594:2007; TCVN 6325:2007; AOCS Cd 3-25 (1997); AOCS Cd 1-25 (1997). Bng 1. Thnh phn axt bo trong m c basa Tn axit Axit Myristic (C14:0) Axit Palmitic (C16:0) Axit Stearic (C18:0) Axit Arachidic (C20:0) Axit Oleic (C18:1) Axit Linoleic (C18:2) Axit Linolenic (C18:3) Axit Gadoleic (C20:1) Axit Cetoleic (C22:1) Axit Decosahexanenoic (C22:6) Hm lng, % 1,21 28,66 6,49 0,34 33,60 12,63 1,48 0,60 0,83 0,59

Bng 2. Mt s tnh cht ha l ca m c basa Ch tiu T khi 30oC Ch s axit, mg KOH /g mu Ch s x phng ha, mg KOH /g mu Ch s It, g I2/100 g mu Tiu chun TCVN 6594 TCVN 6325 AOCS Cd 3-25 (1997) AOCS Cd 1-25 (1997) G tr 0,886 6,6 187,7 22,5

Phn ng transeste ha m c basa c thc hin theo phng php ha hc s dng my khuy t gia nhit Labinco, model L-80, H Lan hoc theo phng php ha m trong bn siu m Elma, c tn s 35 kHz v 130 kHz. Khi lng m c basa mi th nghim c dng khng i l 30 g, khi lng methanol ly theo t l mol m : methanol t 1:5 n 1:9, hm lng xc tc thay i t 0,15 n 1,85% (tnh theo khi lng m). Xc tc NaOH hoc KOH ha tan trong methanol bng my khuy t nhit phng trc khi cho vo bnh phn ng cha m. Thi gian ha tan xc tc vo methanol thay i t 5 n 30 pht.

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TP CH PHT TRIN KH&CN, TP 12, S 03 - 2009

Vi phng php ha m, t bnh cha hn hp phn ng vo bn siu m tn s 35 kHz hoc 130 kHz v tin hnh phn ng nhit phng. Thi gian siu m thay i t 5 n 40 pht, cng sut siu m t 60 n 100%. Vi phng php ha hc hn hp phn ng c khuy v gia nhit 80oC, thi gian phn ng 45 pht. chuyn ha ca phn ng c theo di bng phng php sc k bn mng (TLC plate Merck, Kielesgel 60F254, 250g; dung dch ra gii gm hn hp CHCl3 + eter du ha). Sau khi siu m, hn hp phn ng c n nh trong bnh chit v tch lp. Sn phm BDF tch ra c ra hai ln bng nc nhm loi b xc tc, methanol v m d; sy nh, cn sn phm kh v xc nh hiu sut phn ng. Phn tch sn phm BDF sch trn my GC-MS HP-6890 ti Phng Th nghim Phn tch Trung tm, Trng H KHTN, HQG HCM v phn tch ch tiu nhin liu diesel ti Trung tm nghin cu v pht trin ch bin du kh thuc Tng cng ty Du kh Vit Nam. Hiu sut s b ca phn ng (k hiu l HBDF) c tnh theo cng thc (2):

Khi lng BDF sch thu c (g) HBDF (%) = x 100% Khi lng BDF theo l thuyt (g)

(2)

Khi lng mol trung bnh, MTB, ca m c basa c tnh t phn t gam trung bnh, M*, ca cc axt chnh trong thnh phn triglyceride m c basa nh sau:

M * =

M
n

i=1

m
i

(3)

i=1

MTB = 3M* - 3 + 41 (4) vi m l hm lng axit i trong mu (%). Da vo cng thc (3) v kt qu phn tch thnh phn m c (Bng 1) tnh c: M* = 273,58. Suy ra: MTB = 273,58 x 3 3 + 41 859 g Theo phng trnh phn ng (1), khi 1 mol m c MTB (859 g) phn ng vi methanol, nu chuyn ha hon ton thnh BDF, th cho 863 g methyl ester. Nh vy, hiu sut chuyn ha thnh BDF tnh cho 30 g m c basa l:

HBDF (%) =
hay

mBDF *
30

859 863

* 100 %

HBDF (%) = (mBDF x 3,32)% Cc th nghim c lp li hai ln v ly gi tr hiu sut trung bnh.

vi mBDF l khi lng BDF sch to thnh sau khi tch pha, ra sch v loi nc.

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Science & Technology Development, Vol 12, No.03 - 2009 3. KT QU V THO LUN nh hng ca bn cht xc tc tin hnh hai chui phn ng vi xc tc NaOH v KOH, nng xc tc thay i t 0,5 n 1,70%, t l mol methanol:m l 6:1. Phn ng c kho st ti nhit phng, tn s siu m 35 kHz, cng sng m 100%, trong thi gian 15 pht. Kt qu c ghi nhn trong Bng 3. Bng 3.nh hng ca xc tc NaOH v KOH n qu trnh iu ch BDF (nMeOH:nm = 6, 35 kHz, 15 pht)
% KL xc tc 0,50 1,00 1,25 1,50 1,70 NaOH M t sn phm BDF Khng tch pha, nhiu x phng Khng tch pha, nhiu x phng X phng nhiu, mt khi c Khng to BDF, hn hp ng c Khng to BDF, x phng rt nhiu, mt khi c HBDF, % 0 0 0 0 0 KOH M t sn phm BDF BDF vng c, cn rt nhiu m Tch pha chm, BDF hi c do cn m Tch pha nhanh, BDF vng p Tch pha nhanh, BDF vng hi c, c x phng BDF c mu c, sn phm ht m, x phng rt nhiu HBDF, % 8,0 54,0 94,2 88,6 83,7

Cc s liu trong Bng 3 cho thy KOH thch hp cho phn ng metyl este ha m c basa hn NaOH trong iu kin siu m. Phn ng vi xc tc KOH c thi gian tch pha nhanh hn, hiu sut thu hi BDF cao hn v lng x phng to thnh thp hn nhiu ln so vi dng xc tc NaOH. Do vy trong cc phn tip theo chng ti ch s dng xc tc KOH. nh hng ca thi gian siu m Bng 4 v Hnh 1 trnh by kt qu chui phn ng vi t l mol methanol:m l 6:1, nng xc tc KOH 1,25% (kt qu tt nht trong chui phn ng mc 3.1), tn s siu m 35 kHz, cng sut siu m 100% vi nhng thi gian siu m khc nhau. Bng 4. Kt qu th nghim thay i thi gian phn ng (nMeOH:nm = 6, 35 kHz, KOH 1,25%)
Thigian (pht) 5 10 15 20 30 40 HBDF, % 93,4 94,3 94,2 93,6 92,7 91,2 M t sn phm BDF vng c, cn nhiu m Tch lp nhanh khong 10 pht, ht m, BDF trong, vng, p Tch lp nhanh, ht m, BDF trong, vng, p Tch lp nhanh, ht m, BDF trong, vng, p, c t x phng BDF hi c, ht m, c nhiu x phng BDF c, ht m, c rt nhiu x phng

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TP CH PHT TRIN KH&CN, TP 12, S 03 - 2009

95 Hi u sut sn phm (%) 94 94 93 93 92 92 91 0 10 20 30 40 50 Thi gian (pht)

Hnh 1. nh hng ca thi gian siu m n hiu sut BDF

R rng, thi gian 5 pht siu m khng chuyn ha ht m ban u nn hiu sut to thnh BDF thp. Tuy nhin khi tng thi gian siu m ln 20 40 pht th hiu sut gim do phn ng x phng ha xy ra v khi lng sn phm ph tng. Thi gian siu m 10 - 15 pht cho hiu sut tng hp BDF trong cc iu kin kho st l cao nht. Ngoi ra vi thi gian siu m ny, qu trnh tch pha cng din ra nhanh v sn phm BDF khng cn cha m. Do vy trong cc phn tip theo chng ti ch s dng thi gian siu m 10 pht. nh hng ca hm lng xc tc KOH Thc hin phn ng vi t l mol methanol :m l 6:1, thi gian siu m 10 pht, tn s siu m 35 kHz, cng sut siu m 100% vi nhng nng xc tc thay i t 0,15 n 1,85%. Kt qu c trnh by Bng 5 v Hnh 2. Bng 5.Kt qu th nghim thay i hm lng xc tc KOH (nMeOH:nm = 6, 35 kHz, 10 pht)
[KOH], % 0,15 0,44 0,73 1,02 1,14 1,25 1,37 1,48 1,54 1,60 1,71 1,85 HBDF, % 6,3 8,0 18,6 54,1 94,1 94,3 88,6 88,6 86,9 85,7 83,7 80,5 M t sn phm Sn phm vng c, cn rt nhiu m Sn phm vng c, cn rt nhiu m Sn phm vng c, cn rt nhiu m Tch pha chm, sn phm hi c do cn m Tch pha nhanh khong 15 pht, sn phm cn t m Tch pha nhanh khong 10 pht, sn phm mu vng trong, ht m. Tch pha khong 10 pht, sn phm vng trong, ht m, c rt t x phng Tch pha khong 10 pht, sn phm vng hi c, ht m, c x phng Sn phm mu c, ht m, x phng nhiu hn Sn phm mu vng c, ht m, x phng nhiu Sn phm c, ht m, x phng rt nhiu Sn phm c, ht m, x phng rt nhiu

Bng 5 v Hnh 2 cho thy vi hm lng xc tc di 1,14%, phn ng xy ra chm nn chuyn ha cha cao khi siu m 10 pht. Khi nng xc tc tng ln 1,25% sn phm BDF thu c rt tt mu vng trong, nht gim, ht m v khng to thnh x phng. Tuy nhin, tip tc tng nng KOH ln 1,4% th xy ra qu trnh x phng ha. Lng x phng to thnh tng theo hm lng xc tc lm cho qu trnh tch pha chm v kh khn,

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Science & Technology Development, Vol 12, No.03 - 2009 hiu sut tng hp BDF gim v bng cm quan cng d dng nhn thy cht lng BDF suy gim.
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 0.5 1 [KOH], % 1.5 2

Hnh 2. nh hng ca hm lng xc tc KOH n hiu sut BDF

nh hng ca thi gian ha tan KOH vo methanol Qu trnh ha tan baz vo methanol s to ra methoxide v methoxide c kh nng phn ng vi triglyceride. Chng ti thc hin th nghim thay i thi gian ha tan KOH vo methanol t 5 n 30 pht t l mol methanol : m l 6:1, thi gian siu m 10 pht, tn s siu m 35 kHz, cng sut siu m 100%, nng xc tc KOH 1,25%. Kt qu cho thy thi gian ha tan KOH vo methanol hu nh khng nh hng n hiu sut phn ng v cht lng BDF. Tuy nhin, nu ko di th hiu sut tng hp BDF gim nh, v cn m d (tuy t) trong sn phm, c th l do methanol bay hi mt phn. nh hng ca t l mol methanol : m n hiu sut to thnh BDF Theo phng trnh (1) th 1 mol m phn ng vi 3 mol methanol, tuy nhin do y l phn ng cn bng nn chuyn ha ht m cn phi ly d methanol, do vy t l mol methanol : m cn ln hn 3. Thc hin phn ng vi thi gian siu m 10 pht, tn s siu m 35 kHz, cng sut siu m 100%, nng xc tc KOH 1,25%, thi gian ha tan KOH vo methanol l 10 pht vi nhng t k mol methanol:m khc nhau cho kt qu nh trnh by trong Bng 7 v Hnh 3. Bng 7. Kt qu th nghim thay i t l mol methanol : m
nMeOH:nm 5 6 7 8 9 HBDF, % 86,6 93,7 95,7 96,1 96,2 Thi gian tch pha, pht 25 8 8 10 12 M t sn phm Mu vng c, cn rt nhiu m. Mu vng, trong, ht m Mu vng, trong, ht m Mu vng, trong, ht m Mu vng, trong, ht m

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Hiu sut sn phm (%)

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TP CH PHT TRIN KH&CN, TP 12, S 03 - 2009

98 Hiu sut sn phm (%) 96 94 92 90 88 86 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 n Methanol : n M

Hnh 3. nh hng ca t l nMeOH:nm n hiu sut BDF

T l mol methanol : m bng hoc nh hn 5 th lng methanol d trong hn hp phn ng khng dch chuyn cn bng (1) nn sn phm sau siu m cn m nhiu v hiu sut to thnh BDF thp. Tng t l mol methanol : m ln hn 7 th hiu sut to thnh BDF khng tng nhiu; do vy nn thc hin phn ng t l mol methanol : m bng 6-7. nh hng ca cng sut siu m Bng 8 v Hnh 5 cho bit kt qu th nghim vi t l mol methanol : m l 6:1, thi gian siu m 10 pht, tn s siu m 35 kHz, nng xc tc KOH 1,25%, thi gian ha tan KOH vo methanol t 5 - 10 pht vi nhng cng sut siu m khc nhau. Bng 8. Kt qu th nghim thay i cng sut siu m
Cng sut (%) 60 70 80 90 100 HBDF, % 90,6 91,4 92,4 92,8 93,7 M t sn phm BDF c, cn nhiu m BDF c, cn nhiu m BDF trong, vng, cn nhiu m BDF trong, vng p, cn rt t m BDF trong, vng p, ht m

Di tc dng ca sng m 35 kHz v trong cc iu kin kho st nhn thy hiu sut to thnh BDF hu nh tng tuyn tnh vi cng sut siu m trong khong t 60 n 100%.
94 Hiu sut phn ng (%) 93 92

91 90 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 Cng su t (%)

Hnh 4. nh hng ca cng sut siu m n hiu sut BDF

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Science & Technology Development, Vol 12, No.03 - 2009 So snh phng php ha hc vi phng php ha m Sau khi kho st cc yu t nh hng n phn ng transeste ha m c basa bng phng php ha siu m chng ti chn c iu kin ti u nh sau: t l mol m : methanol l 1:6, thi gian siu m 10 pht, tn s siu m 35 kHz, nng xc tc KOH 1,25%, cng sut siu m 100%, thi gian ha tan KOH vo methanol 10 pht. Thc hin phn ng ti iu kin trn th t c hiu sut chuyn ha trn 94%, BDF c mu vng sng trong, tch pha nhanh, sn phm sau siu m ht m, iu ny cho thy phn ng transester ha m c basa chuyn ha tt bng phng php siu m. ng thi thc hin transeste ha m c basa bng phng php ha hc vi cng iu kin nh trn nhng khuy trong 45 pht v gia nhit 80oC th thu c hiu sut chuyn ha trn 95%, BDF c mu vng trong, tch pha nhanh, ht m. Nh vy v mt cm quan th sn phm BDF iu ch bng hai phng php u tt nh nhau. Tuy nhin, phng php ha siu m th khng cn gia nhit v thi gian phn ng nhit phng gim hn 3 ln so vi phn ng ha hc 80oC khng s dng siu m. Nu thc hin phn ng theo phng php ha hc nhit phng vi cng cc iu kin khc nh phng php siu m th thi gian phn ng ko di n vi gi. Phn tch sn phm biodiesel t m c basa Phn tch sn phm BDF sch (t phng php ha siu m v ha hc) trn my sc k ghp khi ph GC-MS HP-6890 vi ct mao qun HP 5MS (30m x 250m x 0,25m); nhit bm mu 250oC; t l chia dng 3:1; u d khi ph t cc (MSD); tc dng kh mang (He) 0,9 ml/pht, p sut 6,9 psi theo chng trnh nhit phn tch mu du bo. Kt qu c trnh by Bng 9. Bng 9. Cc thnh phn chnh trong pha BDF, %, tng hp bng hai phng php Thnh phn chnh 9-Octadecenoic axit (Z)-, metil ester Hexadecanoic axit, metil ester Tetradecanoic axit, metil ester Hexadecanoic axit, 14-metil, metil ester Pentadecanoic axit, metil ester 0ctadecatrienoic axit, metil ester Octadecadienoic axit, metil ester 2,4-Decadienal Metil arachidonate Octadecanoic axit, metil ester Docosanoic axit, metil ester Tetracosanoic axit, metil ester 7, 10, 13-Eicosatrienoic axit, metil ester 9, 12-Octadecadienoic axit (Z, Z) Tricosanoic axit, metil ester Octanoic axit, metil ester Dodecanoic axit, metil ester Axt tng Andehyde tng metil ester tng BDF ha m 27,59 21,04 9,28 2,95 2,24 8,50 7,36 9,15 0,80 0,55 7,05 0,98 0,28 0,82 0,98 97,61 BDF ha hc 25,61 22,60 8,40 1,96 8,45 8,58 1,66 6,5 10,17 1,13 0,78 0,37 0,47 0,62 6,5 1,66 89,1

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Kt qu phn tch mu BDF theo phng php siu m cho thy tng hm lng 13 methyl este chnh trong pha BDF chim 97,61%, axit 0,98%, khng cn andehit. Kt qu phn tch mu BDF (theo phng php ha hc) cho thy tng hm lng 13 metil ester trong pha BDF chim trn 89%, andehit chim 1,66%, v hm lng axit tng ln n 6,5%. R rng cht lng BDF thu c bng phng php ha m tinh khit hn so vi sn phm ca phng php ha hc. Bng 10 cho bit cc ch tiu ha l ca sn phm BDF tng hp t m c basa c xc nh theo cc quy chun ca M v so snh vi B Tiu chun Vit Nam mi ban hnh cho du diesel sinh hc (TCVN 7717 : 2007, [14]). BDF t m c basa c cc tnh cht ha l nm trong gii hn cho php ca BDF gc (B100) TCVN 7717:2007, c th nh sau: nht nm trong gii hn cho php ca BDF gc (B100) TCVN 7717:2007, do s khng nh hng n kh nng bm v phun nhin liu vo bung t. Hm lng tro nm trong gii hn cho php ca BDF gc (B100) TCVN 7717:2007, iu ny cho thy t to cn trong ng c. Hm lng nc v tp cht cng nm trong gii hn cho php ca BDF gc (B100) TCVN 7717:2007 nn khng nh hng n ch tiu k thut ca ng c. Hm lng este cng nm trong gii hn cho php ca BDF gc (B100) TCVN 7717:2007. Hm lng glycerin t do, 0,013% kl nm trong gii hn cho php ca BDF gc (B100) TCVN 7717:2007 (0,020 max). y l ch tiu rt quan trng v nu thnh phn glycerin t do vt gii hn cho php th khng ch nh hng n vic kch n, m bn thn n l mt cht gy n (ng thi khi n s sinh nhit rt ln), thm ch khng kim sot c, my nng hn bnh thng dn n ph hng my. Thc t tng c trng hp bang Minnesota (M) nm 2006 phi tm ngng s dng nhin liu B5 (du diesel +5% BDF) mt thi gian do mt s sn phm BDF t du thc vt cha hm lng glycerin vt qu tiu chun. Bng 10. Cc tnh cht ha l ca BDF t m c basa v BDF gc (B100) [14] STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Ch tiu phn tch Hm lng lu hunh, %kl n mn tm ng, 50oC, 3h T trng 15oC, g/ml nht 40oC, cSt Nhit bt chy cc kn, oC im chy, oC Hm lng nc v tp cht, %kl Mu ASTM Thnh phn ct IP Hm lng glycerin t do, %kl Glycerit tng, %kl BDF t m c 0,0003 1a 0,8813 4,744 216 9 0 L0,5 307,4 0,013 BDF gc (B100) TCVN 7717 : 2007 1,9 - 6,0 0,050 max 0,020 max 0,240 max 0,020 max 0,240 max BDF gc (B100) ca Hoa K 0,50 max No. 3 max 1,9 - 6,0 0,050 max

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Science & Technology Development, Vol 12, No.03 - 2009 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Hm lng tro sunfat, %kl Tr s xtan Cn cacbon, 100% mu th, %kl im chp chy, oC Hm lng photphat, %kl Nhit chng ct, oC Hm lng este, % kl Tr s axit, mg KOH/g n nh xy ho ti 110 oC, gi 0,005 0,020 max 47 min 0,020 max 47 min 0,50 max 130 min 0,001 max 360 max

0,001 max 97,61 96,5 min 0,50 max 6 min

5. KT LUN iu ch c du biodiesel t m c basa bng phng php ha m, vi kt qu rt ngn thi gian phn ng v thi gian tch pha. Sn phm BDF to thnh tinh khit hn so vi sn phm ca phng php ha hc, bo m mi ch tiu theo tiu chun biodiesel ca Vit Nam v quc t. kho st cc yu t nh hng n phn ng transester m c basa bng phng php ha m vi tc cht l methanol v xc tc KOH. Trong phm vi nghin cu xc nh iu kin ti u cho phn ng nh sau: T l mol methanol:m l 6:1 Thi gian ha tan KOH vo methanol: 5 - 10 pht. Hm lng xc tc KOH: 1,25% (tnh theo m). Tn s 35 kHz; cng sut siu m 100%. Thi gian siu m: 10 pht.

SONOCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF BIODIESEL FROM CATFISH FAT


Nguyen Hong Thanh, Nguyen Tran Tu Nguyen, Nguyen Thi Phuong Thoa University of Natural Sciences, VNU-HCM ABSTRACT: Biodiesel was prepared from catfish fat by alkaline-catalyzed transesterification with methanol. Using ultrasonic irradiation considerably sped up the transesterification and the phase separation as well as reduced by-product formation in the product in comparison with the heat-chemical method. The basis factors, such as content of catalysts, reaction time, dissolved time of catalyst in methanol, mol ratio of reactants, ultrasonic power, etc. were investigated and optimized. Biodiesel yield was more than 90%. Obtained biodiesel fuel was up to the Vietnamese standard for biodiesel fuel blend stock (B100).

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TP CH PHT TRIN KH&CN, TP 12, S 03 - 2009

TI LIU THAM KHO [1] Nguyn Th Phng Thoa, Tnh hnh sn xut v s dng biodiesel trn th gii v kh nng ti Vit Nam. Hi tho Khoa hc ln th nht v nhin liu c ngun gc sinh hc biofuel & biodiesel Vit Nam, Tp. H Ch Minh. Bo co ton vn, (2006). Nhiu tc gi, Ton vn bo co Hi tho quc t Nhin liu sinh hc v vn nng lng (6/12/2007), H Ni (2007). Joshua Tickell. From the Fryer to the Fuel Tank: The Complete Guide to Using Vegetable Oil as an Alternative Fuel. Tallessmalia, Tickell Energy Consulting (TEC), Tallahassee, USA (2001). Phan Minh Tn, Phan Ngc Anh, Nghin cu cng ngh sn xut biodiesel t du n ph thi, Hi ngh Ha hc Ton quc ln 4, H Ni (10/2003). Tuyn tp tm tt bo co khoa hc, tr. 63 (2003). on Ngc an Thanh, L Ngc Thch, Tng hp Biodiesel t m c tra, Ngy Hi Ha hc TP-H Ch Minh ln 5, Tp. H Ch Minh (10/2007), Ton vn bo co, 7377 (2007). Trn Th Vit Hoa, L Th Thanh Hng, Phan Minh Tn, Trng V Thanh, iu ch Biodiesel t m c basa bng xc tc p-toluen sunfonic, Hi ngh khoa hc v cng ngh Ho hc Hu c Ton quc ln 4, H ni, (12/2007) Tuyn tp cng trnh, 834-839 (2007). Y. Warabi, D. Kusdiana, S. Saka, Reactivity of triglyxerits and fatty axits of rapeseed oil in supercritical alcohols, Bioresource Tech. 91 (3) 283-287 (2004). D. Kusdiana, S. Saka, Effects of water on biodiesel fuel production by supercritical methanol treatment, Bioresource Tech., 91 (3), pp 289-295 (2004). Carmen Stavarache, M. Vinatoru, Y. Maeda, Aspects of ultrasonically assisted transesterification of various vegetable oils with methanol, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 14, 380386 (2007). Carmen Stavarache, M. Vinatoru, Y. Maeda, H. Bandow, Ultrasonically driven continuous process for vegetable oil transesterification, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 14, 413417 (2007). Mandar A. Kelkar, Parag R. Gogate and Aniruddha B. Pandit, Intensification of esterification of acids for synthesis of biodiesel using acoustic and hydrodynamic cavitation. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 15 (3) 188-194 (2008). Nguyn Th Phng Thoa, Nguyn Th Thanh Nhanh, V ng Phong, Nguyn Th Mai Thanh, L Vit Hi, Nguyn Nh Tr, iu ch biodiesel t du thc vt thi bng phng php ha m. Hi tho Khoa hc ln th Nht v nhin liu c ngun gc sinh hc biofuel & biodiesel Vit Nam, 23/8/2006, Tp. H Ch Minh. Bo co ton vn, 63-75 (2006). http://www.vietnamnet.vn/kinhte/2008/07/793496/ TCVN 7717 : 2007, Nhin liu diezen sinh hc gc (B100) Yu cu k thut.

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