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TNG HP DIESEL SINH HC T DU HT CAO SU

Nguyn Vn t1, Bi Th Bu Hu1, Ng Kim Lin1, V Anh Khoa1, Quch Quang Huy1, Phm Quc Nhin1, Nguyn Th nh Hng1, Hunh Hu Tr1 v L Vn Thc2

ABSTRACT
The present work examined biodiesel production from a non-edible oil, namely rubber seed oil (RSO). Crude rubber seed oil (CRSO) contains high free fatty acid contents and impurities. For these reasons, a three-stage process viz., pre-treatment with methanol, acid catalyzed esterification and alkali catalyzed transesterification was developed to convert CRSO to mono-esters. The major factors concerning to the conversion efficiency of the process were molar ratio (methanol/oil), amount of catalyst, reaction temperature and reaction duration. The quality of biodiesel was evaluated by the determination of important properties such as density at 15oC, kinematic viscosity at 40oC, acid value (AV), iodine value (IV), peroxide value (PV), fatty acid composition, the oxidation stability (OS), fatty acid methyl esters content, copper strip corrosion (50oC, 3 h), cetane nuber (CN), free glycerin, total glycerin and methanol content. The results indicated that RSO may be considered as a promising biomass source for biodiesel production. Keywords: biodiesel, rubber seed oil, oxidation stability Title: Biodiesel production from rubber seed oil

TM TT
Mc tiu ca nghin cu ny l tng hp diesel sinh hc t mt loi du thc vt khng n c l du ht cao su (RSO). Du ht cao su dng th thng cha nhiu cht bn v c hm lng acid bo t do cao. V vy, mt qu trnh gm ba giai on: x l s b du th vi methanol, ester ha xc tc acid v transester ha xc tc base c nghin cu chuyn CRSO thnh nhng monoester. Nhng yu t chnh nh hng n hiu sut phn ng nh t l mol (methanol/du), hm lng xc tc, nhit v thi gian phn ng c kho st. Cht lng ca biodiesel c nh gi thng qua vic xc nh nhng tnh cht quan trng nh: t trng ti 15oC, nht ng hc ti 40oC, ch s acid (AV), ch s iot (IV), thnh phn acid bo, bn oxi ha (OS), hm lng methyl ester, n mn l ng (50oC, 3h), ch s cetane (CN), hm lng glycerin t do, hm lng glycerin tng v hm lng methanol. T kha: diesel sinh hc, du ht cao su, bn oxi ha

1 T VN Trong nhng nm gn y, vn lin quan n gi nhin liu, mi trng v s suy gim ca nhng ngun nhin liu ha thch to mt ng lc quan trng cho cc nh khoa hc hng ti vic tm mt ngun nguyn liu thay th ngun nhin liu ha thch. Diesel sinh hc c sn xut t du thc vt v m ng vt c th thay th ngun nhin liu ha thch, v tnh cht ca n gn ging nh nhin liu ha thch. nhiu nc, diesel sinh hc c sn xut t nhng cy c du n c nh: du hng dng, du da, du u nnh. Gi ca du n c cao gp nhiu ln so vi du khng n c. Du khng n c cng l mt tim
1 2

Khoa KHTN, Trng i hc Cn Th Nevorie Crescent Maroubra, Australia

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nng sn xut diesel sinh hc. Du diesel sinh hc sn xut t du khng n c s lm gim gi thnh sn phm v ngun cung cp kh di do. Cy cao su c ngun gc t vng rng ma nhit i Amazon (Brazil). Ngy nay, cy cao su hin din nhiu ni th gii, trong , nhiu nht l vng ng Nam v mt s vng c kh hu nhit i Phi chu. Cy cao su trng thnh c th cao n 30 m. i sng ca mi cy cao su ko di t 30-40 nm. Cy cao su bt u cho tri sau bn nm. Mi nm cy cho tri hai ln v mi tri cha t 3-4 ht, khi chn chng ri xung t v ht c tch ra. Du c ly trch t ht. Hm lng du c trong ht ty thuc vo vng kh hu, th nhng ca tng ni m chng sng, tuy nhin, trung bnh ht cha khong 40% du (T. P. Hilditch, 1951). Theo tp on cao su Vit Nam, nc ta hin c hn 500.000 hecta din tch trng cy cao su. Nu tnh c din tch t m tp on ny thu cho vic trng cy cao su ti Lo v Campuchia th tng din tch trng cy cao su c th hn mt triu hecta, tng ng mi nm tp on ny c th c 17.600-330.000 tn du ht cao su. Biodiesel hay diesel sinh hc l thut ng dng ch loi nhin liu dng cho ng c diesel c sn xut t du thc vt hay m ng vt. Thnh phn chnh ca biodiesel l cc alkyl ester, thng dng nht l methyl ester, thng c sn xut bng phn ng transester ha. Phn ng transester ha l phn ng gia triglyceride (thnh phn chnh trong du thc vt hay m ng vt) v alcohol (Hnh 1). S hin din ca xc tc (acid, base,...) s thc y qu trnh phn ng. t h s chuyn i cao phi dng lng d alcohol do phn ng transester ha l qu trnh thun nghch (Demirbas, Ayhan, 2009).
H2C HC H2C OCOR1 OCOR2 OCOR3 Methanol + 3CH3OH KOH R1COOCH3 R2COOCH3 R3COOCH3 Biodiesel + H2C HC H2C OH OH OH

Triglyceride

Glycerin

Hnh 1: Phn ng transester ha tng hp biodiesel

Trong cng trnh ny chng ti trnh by cc kt qu nghin cu tng hp du diesel sinh hc t du ht cao su (RBDF) quy m phng th nghim bng mt qu trnh gm ba giai on: (1) x l s b du cao su vi methanol nhm loi b cc tp cht, (2) ester ha xc tc acid mc ch lm h ch s acid v gi tr thch hp thc hin giai on transester ha, (3) transester ha xc tc base iu ch RBDF. RBDF c nh gi cht lng thng qua vic phn tch thnh phn acid bo cng nh xc nh cc c tnh ha l. 2 VT LIU V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU 2.1 Vt liu
- Du ht cao su c mua t khu cng nghip Bin Ha, ng Nai. - Tt c cc ha cht c s dng l cc ha cht tinh khit thng mi.

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2.2 Phng php nghin cu 2.2.1 X l s b CRSO Hn hp methanol v CRSO theo t l th tch 1:6 c lc tht k, lng sau mt m, loi b phn cn bn di. Mc ch ca vic ny l nhm loi bt nhng thnh phn tp cht nh protein, nha,...cn li trong du sau khi p. Du qua x l c th tin hnh phn ng giai on 1. 2.2.2 Ester ha xc tc acid Giai on ny, cc iu kin phn ng c c nh nh sau: nhit 60oC, thi gian phn ng l 2 gi, phn trm th tch methanol so vi du l 40%, phn trm khi lng acid sulfuric so vi du l 0,75%, tc khuy l 500 vng/pht v khi lng CRSO (AV = 32,22 mg KOH/g) mi th nghim c dng khng i l 200 g. 2.2.3 Transester ha xc tc kim Trong giai on transester ha, khi lng CRSO thu c sau giai on ester ha mi th nghim c dng khng i l 100 g, khi lng methanol ly theo t l mol methanol/du t 6:1 n 14:1, hm lng xc tc thay i t 0,5 n 1,5% (tnh theo khi lng du). Xc tc KOH ha tan trong methanol bng my khuy t nhit phng trc khi cho vo bnh phn ng cha du c gia nhit trc n nhit th nghim. Hn hp phn ng c n nh trong phu chit v tch lp. Sn phm RBDF c tinh ch bng cch ra hai ln vi nc m nhm loi b xc tc, methanol. Lm khan bng Na2SO4, cn sn phm v xc nh hiu sut phn ng. 2.2.4 Phn tch tnh cht ha l v thnh phn methyl ester RBDF Sn phm biodiesel c phn tch thnh phn ha hc bng sc k kh ghp khi ph GC-MS, AV, IV, OS (theo hai phng php Rancimat v PetroOXY), PV ti phng th nghim phn tch biodiesel thuc trung tm nghin cu NFV, Vin AIST, Nht Bn. Bn cnh , mt s ch tiu ha l khc ca sn phm nh: hm lng methyl ester ca acid bo, n mn l ng (50oC, 3 h), CN, hm lng glyxerin t do, hm lng glyxerin tng, hm lng methanol cng c phn tch ti Trung tm o lng K thut 3, thnh ph H Ch Minh. 3 KT QU V THO LUN 3.1 Nhng tnh cht ha l ca CRSO CRSO c nh gi cht lng thng qua mt s ch tiu ha l c bn. Kt qu c trnh by trong Bng 1.
Bng 1: Tnh cht ha l ca CRSO

Thng s T trng ti 15oC (g/cm3) nht ng hc 40oC (mm2/s) Hm lng nc (mg/kg) AV (mg KOH/g) IV (g I2/100g)

CRSO 0,93 36,88 1.100 32,22 125,43

Diesel 0,84 3,07 0,14 107

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T y cho thy nht ng hc ca CRSO cao hn khong 12 ln so vi du diesel. y l mt trong nhng l do chnh lm cho CRSO ni ring hay du thc vt v m ng vt ni chung khng th dng trc tip nh du diesel. nht khng t chun s nh hng n kh nng bm v phun nhin liu vo bung t. Do , qu trnh chuyn chng thnh dng ester c nhng tnh cht tng t du diesel l cn thit. Phn ng ester ha v phn ng transester ha u l nhng phn ng cn bng, v nc l mt trong nhng yu t nh hng bt li n s dch chuyn cn bng ca cc phn ng ny. T kt qu phn tch trn cho thy, hm lng nc trong CRSO kh ln (1100 mg/kg), nn trc khi tin hnh phn ng vic lm khan nc l cn thit gip phn ng t hiu sut cao. Khi ht cao su ri xung t, nu ng vo thi im ma ma th ht b phn hy rt nhanh do tc dng ca m. iu ny c th quan st mu sc ca CRSO, nu du c mu vng hi nht th AV khong 10 mg KOH/g, ngc li, nu CRSO c mu nu sm th AV t 20 n 80 mg KOH/g (Armugam Sakunthalai Ramadhas, Simon Jayaraj, and Chandrashekaran, 2008). Ngoi ra, AV cn ph thuc vo nhiu yu t nh thi gian v cch bo qun v du rt d b oxi ha cng nh qu trnh thy phn xy ra do s hin din ca cc phn t nc trong du. Trong nghin cu ca chng ti, CRSO c mu nu sm v AV khong 32 mg KOH/g. AV cng cao th phn ng transester ha cng kh thc hin v acid bo t do s phn ng vi xc tc kim hnh thnh x phng v nh vy khng tch c RBDF ra khi glyxerin. Ngoi ra, nh cp phn trc, CRSO cha nhiu tp cht, ch yu l nhng tp cht cn li trong du sau khi p. Do , qu trnh tng hp RBDF phi qua ba giai on: (1) x l s b du cao su vi methanol nhm loi b cc tp cht, (2) ester ha xc tc acid mc ch lm h ch s acid v mt tr s thch hp cho giai on transester ha, (3) transester ha xc tc base iu ch RBDF. 3.2 X l s b du cao su vi methanol Du th sau khi ngm vi methanol s tch l hai lp: lp trn l du v methanol tha, lp di l nhng cht rn tng t nh nha. C th khi ngm trong methanol, do s cnh tranh v lng dung mi, nn tan ca chng cht trong du nh protein, nha s gim v chng s c tch ra. Lp trn c mu sng hn v c s dng tip tc cho giai on ester ha xc tc acid.. 3.3 Ester ha xc tc acid Kt qu chng ti thu c RBDF c ch s acid l 1,36 mgKOH/gam, thch hp tin hnh giai on transester ha.

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3.4 Nhng yu t nh hng n hiu sut phn ng transester ha 3.4.1 3.4. 1 nh hng ca hm lng xc tc KOH n hiu sut phn ng transester ha kho st nh hng ca lng xc tc, chng ti tin hnh cc th nghim vi nng xc tc KOH thay i t 0,5 n 1,5% (so vi khi lng du) v c nh cc yu t cn li nh sau: t l mol methanol/du l 8:1, nhit l 60oC, tc khuy l 500 vng/pht, thi gian phn ng l 2 gi.
80 71 75 73.3 71.9

Hiu sut, %

70 60 50 40

66

0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 Kt qu c biu din bng th Hnh Nng KOH, % 2. Hiu sut phn ng cao nht khi hm lng xc tc KOH l 1%. nng KOH nh hn 1%, lng xc tc khng phn ng hon tt. Ngc li, khi Hnh 2: nh hng ca KOH n hiu sut Biodiesel nng KOH ln hn 1%, hiu sut phn ng c khuynh hng gim bi v khi tng lng xc tc th

lm tng lng x phng to thnh, t hiu sut thu sn phm gim. 3.4.2 nh hng ca t l mol methanol/du n hiu sut phn ng transester ha T l mol methanol/du l mt trong nhng yu t quan trng nht nh hng n hiu sut phn ng. Trong nghin cu ny, chng ti thc hin mt chui cc th nghim c t l mol methanol/du thay i t 6:1 n 14:1. Hnh 3. cho thy nh hng ca t l methanol/du n hiu sut to RBDF. Theo chiu hng tng t l mol th hiu sut cng tng. T l mol cng cao hn t l mol trong phn ng transester ha gia methanol v du (3:1) th tc hnh thnh ester cng nhanh (Hideki Fukuda, Akihiko Kondo and Hideo Noda, 2001). Khi t l mol l 8:1 th hiu sut t cao nht. Tuy nhin, nu t l mol cao hn 8:1 th hiu sut c khuynh hng gim, iu ny do methanol c nhm OH phn cc ng vai tr nh mt cht nh ha (Umer Rashid, Farooq Anwar, 2008), lm tng kh nng ha tan ca glycerin trong dung dch phn ng. Khi glycerin cn li trong dung dch phn ng s lm cho cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu ngc li vi hng to mono ester, hiu sut s gim. Mt nguyn nhn khc na l do methanol ha tan c c glycerin v alkyl ester, nn mt lng alkyl ester s theo methanol vo trong pha glecerin v do lm gim hiu sut.

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80
Hiu sut, %

75 65.6

74.7 74.3273.7
Hiu sut, %

80.0 75.0 70.0 65.0 60.0 55.0 45.0 60.0 69.5

75.0

73.3

70 60 50

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 T l mol (methanol/du)

55.0 65.0 Nhit , o C

Hnh 3: nh hng ca t l mol (methanol/du) n hiu sut biodiesel

Hnh 4: nh hng ca nhit n hiu sut biodiesel

3.4.3 nh hng ca nhit phn ng n hiu sut phn ng transester ha Phn ng transester ha xc tc thng c nghin cu trong khong nhit gn vi nhit si ca methanol (Srivastava A, Prasad R, 2000). V vy, cc th nghim c tin hnh bn nhit khc nhau 50, 55, 60 v 65oC vi vic c nh cc yu t nh: nng xc tc KOH l 1% (theo khi lng du), t l mol methanol/du l 8:1, tc khuy l 500 vng/pht, thi gian phn ng l 2 gi. Hiu sut phn ng ti cc nhit khc nhau c trnh by th Hnh 4. Hiu sut cao nht t ti 60oC. Khi tng nhit hiu sut phn ng to RBDF tng. Tuy nhin, khi nhit tng cao hn 60oC, th hiu sut phn ng c khuynh hng gim, iu ny c th do phn ng x phng ha du xy ra trc khi hon tt phn ng transester ha. Mt khc, nhit cao dn n tht thot methanol mt phn lm gim hiu sut. Vy chng ti tm c iu kin ti u cho phn ng transester ha nh sau: - Hm lng xc tc KOH: 1% (so vi khi lng du) - T l mol (metanol/du): 8:1 - Nhit phn ng: 60C - Thi gian phn ng: 2 gi 3.5 Thnh phn acid bo ca RBDF Thnh phn acid bo (FAME) ca RBDF c phn tch bng sc k kh ghp khi ph. Kt qu c tm tt trong Bng 2.
Bng 2. Thnh phn acid bo ca RBDF

Cng thc C15H30O2 C17H34O2 C17H32O2 C19H38O2 C19H36O2 C19H36O2 C18H32O2 C21H36O2 C15H34O2 C21H40O2 C23H46O2
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Tn Methyl tetradecanoate Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester 9-Hexadecenoic acid, methyl ester, (Z)Methyl stearate 11-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester 11-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester 11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid methyl ester Hexadecanoic acid, 15-methyl-, methyl ester 11-Eicosenoic acid, methyl ester Docosanoic acid, methyl ester

Kl. phn t 242,40 270,45 268,43 298,51 296,49 296,49 280,45 320,51 284,27 324,54 354,61

Phn trm, % 0,08 9,09 0,16 9,56 1,22 2,64 37,6 16.98 0,39 0,20 0,08

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Thnh phn FAME ca RBDF ch yu l C15 n C23. Thnh phn C18 chim nhiu nht (37,6%) tip n l C19 (24,64%) v C21(16,98%). Tng hai thnh phn ny chim n 86% v nhng thnh phn cn li ch tn ti dng lng vt. Hm lng methyl ester cha a ni i chim phn ln, do , bn oxi ha ca RBDF km 3.6 Nhng tnh cht ha l ca biodiesel iu ch t CRSO
Bng 3: Nhng tnh cht ha l ca RBDF

Cc thng s phn tch Hm lng methyl ester tng (%) T trng ti 15oC (g/cm3) Tr s cetane Rancimat (h) bn oxi PetroOXY ha (h) n mn l ng (50 oC, 3h) Ch s Iodine (g I2/100g) Ch s Peroxide (meq/kg) Hm lng glycerin t do (%) Hm lng glycerin tng (%) Hm lng methanol (%) Ch s acid (mg KOH/g) nht ng hc 40 oC (mm2/s)

Phng php th EN 14103 ASTM D 1298 ASTM D 613 ASTM D 2274 ASTM D 130 EN 14111 ASTM D 6584 ASTM D 6584 EN 14110 ASTM D 974 ASTM D 445

ASTM 96,5 0,875-0,900 47 min 3 min N1 130max 0,02 max 0,24 max 0,20 max 0,5 max 1,9 5,0

Du Diesel 0,850 45,00 6,00 1a 3,2

RBDF 96,800 0,890 49,9 2,720 6 1a 126,130 38,400 0,002 0,039 <0,010 0,060 4,750

Theo tiu chun ASTM, gii hn thp nht ca hm lng ester (t l vi hiu sut biodiesel) ca biodiesel l 96,5%, t kt qu bng 3. Hm lng ester ca RBDF l 96,8%, iu ny cho thy hu nh ton b CRSO chuyn ha thnh ester. Tuy nhin, hiu sut vn c th t cao hn nu du th ban u c tinh ch, kh mu, kh mi (OBrien, R.D., W.E., Farr and P.J. Wan, 2000) T trng ca RBDF rt gn t trng ca du diesel cng nh nm trong vng gii hn cho php ca ASTM. T y c th thy rng RBDF c nhng c tnh v cc iu kin tn tr, vn chuyn cng nh tnh cht chy ging vi du diesel. S khc bit duy nht gia ng c xng v ng c diesel l c ch nh la. Trong khi ng c xng cn c thit b nh la kch hot qu trnh chy n ca hn hp kh nn xng-khng kh th ng c diesel li hot ng theo nguyn l t n. Khi ha kh diesel-khng kh c nn p sut cao (t s nn ln), nhit sinh ra s kch hot qu trnh t chy n. Chnh c im ny lm ng c diesel c hiu sut s dng nhin liu cao. Ch tiu ca nhin liu diesel cng khc vi xng. Trong khi xng s dng ch s chng kch n octan th diesel s dng ch s kch n cetane, ngha l loi diesel no cng d kch n cng tt. Ch s cetane l mt i lng c trng cho kh nng t bc chy ca du diesel hoc du diesel sinh hc trong ng c t trong. Ch s cetane cng cao th thi gian tr hon ngn v nhin liu chy tt. Ch s cetane cng thp th ng c cng kh khi ng, gy ra ting n v to ra nhiu kh thi. Tuy nhin, ng c diesel s vn hnh tt i vi nhin liu c ch s cetane ln hn 50. Trong nghin cu ca chng ti, ch s
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cetane t c yu cu ca ASTM v cao hn ch s cetane ca du diesel. iu ny c ngha l c tnh chy ca RBDF tt hn ca diesel. Hu ht biodiesel iu ch c t du thc vt v m ng vt u khng tha c tiu chun v bn oxi ha. y l mt trong nhng bt li ln nht ca vic dng biodiesel. Chng rt nhy i vi cc tc nhn oxi ha nh: khng kh, nh sng, nhit , vt kim loi,... bn cht biodiesel l nhng ester ca nhng acid bo, trong , acid bo cha no chim a s, chng d b tc ng bi nhng tc nhn oxi ha hnh thnh gc t do v tip n l hnh thnh cc peroxide, aldehyde v cui cng acid (ch yu l nhng acid mch ngn). Vic hnh thnh cc acid ny l nguyn nhn chnh gy ra nhng tc ng n mn ng c (Dunn Robert O., 2008). bn oxi ha ca RBDF cng khng l ngoi l. C nhiu cch diesel sinh hc t c yu cu v bn oxi ha, trong s , s dng mt cht khng oxi lm tng bn oxi ha l cch n gin nht. n mn kim loi l mt vn rt c quan tm, v n lm hng ng c diesel. Di nh hng ca iu kin nhit cao (Vit Nam hay cc nc ng Nam ni chung) qu trnh oxi ha diesel sinh hc c tng tc, kt qu ca qu trnh ny l hnh thnh cc acid hu c mch ngn, trong , acid fomic, acid axetic, acid propionic v acid caproic chim a s. ng l mt trong nhng kim loi rt d b n mn bi nhng acid ny. Kt thc qu trnh phn ng s hnh thnh cc mui kim loi ca nhng acid ny, chng tch lu dn thnh cn gy ra nhng vn nghim trng vi vi phun. IV ph thuc vo thnh phn methyl ester ca cc acid bo (FAME), FAME cha no cng nhiu th tr s IV cng cao v FAME cng km bn oxi ha. Tr s IV ca RBDF (126,13 g I2/100g) vn nm trong tiu chun cho php ca ASTM, tuy nhin, tr s ny rt cao lin quan n hm lng cao cc methyl eter cha bo ha c trong thnh phn ca RBDF. Mc d PV khng c trong cc tiu chun hin hnh, nhng y cng l mt trong nhng thng s rt c quan tm. S d nh vy l v PV c lin quan n CN, mt thng s quan trng c lin quan n tiu chun ca nhin liu (Dunn Robert O., 2005). Nhin liu cng km bn oxi ha th ch s PV cng cao. T kt qu nghin cu cho thy gi tr PV ca RBDF kh cao. iu ny, mt ln na khng nh bn oxi ha ca km ca RBDF. S hin din ca glycerin t do trong RBDF hay du diesel sinh hc ni chung l do qu trnh tinh ch cha t c tinh khit cao, tuy nhin, gi tr ny vn nm trong gii hn ca ASTM. Hm lng glycerin tng bng tng hm lng glycerin t do v glycerin dng lin kt (monoacylglycerin, diacylglycerin v triacylglycerin). Hm lng glycerin t do v hm lng glycerin tng c xem l nguyn nhn gp phn to cn trong ng c. Ngoi ra, monoacylglycerin v diacylglycerin l nhng cht c hot tnh nh nhng cht hot ng b mt gy ra nhng nh hng xu cho ng c v chng c th to bt. Kt qu nghin cu cho thy hm lng glycerin t do v hm lng glycerin tng u nm trong gii hn ca ASTM. Hm lng methanol t do cn li trong du diesel sinh hc l do s tinh ch cha tt sau phn ng transester ha. Methanol cn li trong du diesel sinh hc mt
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mt s lm gim im chp chy cng nh methanol c th gy n mn kim loi trong ng c, c bit l nhm. Kt qu nghin cu cho thy hm lng mehanol nm trong gii hn ca ASTM. Ngoi ra, cc thng s nh: nht ng hc 40oC, ch s acid cng t c chun ASTM. T nhng c tnh ha l nh trnh by bng 3 cho thy CRSO l mt ngun sinh khi tim nng sn xut diesel sinh hc. V bn oxi ha khng t yu cu ca ASTM, iu ny c th gii quyt d dng bng cch thm mt cht khng oxi ha thch hp. 4 KT LUN tng hp c RBDF t CRSO vi hiu sut 75% quy m phng th nghim. Nhiu c tnh ha l ca sn phm RBDF t c yu cu v cht lng theo tiu chun ca ASTM. Tuy nhin, cng nh nhiu loi biodiesel khc c ngun gc t du thc vt v m ng vt, RBDF khng tha c tiu chun v bn oxi ha, mt tiu chun quan trng m bo s an ton cho ng c diesel. Do , c th thng mi ha sn phm biodiesel cn phi c nhng nghin cu tip theo v vic gia tng bn oxi ha ca RBDF. TI LIU THAM KHO
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