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Post-Earthquake Repairs, Part 2

ACI Spring 2012 Convention March 18 21, Dallas, TX

Jos I. Restrepo, FACI, is a Professor in Structural Engineering at the University of California at San Diego. He received his Bachelor in Civil Engineering from Universidad de Medelln in Colombia; and PhD from the University of Canterbury in Christchurch, New Zealand. He has research and educational interests in reinforced and precast/prestressed concrete, in particular in seismic design. Professor Restrepo is a member of ACI Committee 550, Precast Concrete. He is also a past recipient of the Chester Paul Siess Award for Excellence in Structural Research.

Introduction

The27FebruaryEarthquake2010

RepairofR/CBuildingsDamagedinVia delMarDuring the27February2010Mw8.8MauleEarthquake

PatricioBonelli1,GilbertoLeiva2,JosI.Restrepo3 andJorgeFedericoCarvallo4

SixlargestMagnitude earthquake recordedinmodernhistory Subduction typeearthquake: shallowand longduration, similartothatexpectedinthe Cascadia regionoftheNorthAmericasPacificNorthwest Strongintensity(MMVIIorhigher) shaking overa100kmwideby580kmlongcorridorin CentralChile andTsunamioverthecoastaround andsouthoftheepicenter Chile PNW
Via del Mar Vancouver

1UniversidadSantaMara,patricio.bonelli@usm.cl

Salem

UniversidadSantaMara,Gilberto.leiva@usm.cl UniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,jrestrepo@ucsd.edu 4PontificiaUniversidadCatlicadeValparaso,jorge.carvallo@ucv.cl

3

USGS

Google

TheearthquakehittheindustrializedanddenselypopulatedcentralregionofChile
7millionpeople liveinthiscorridor Only 8out of525people diedonmodern buildings Most casualtiesweredueto thetsunamiandtothe collapseofnonengineered dwellings Therewasdisproportionate structural damageinmediumheight buildings builtonsoft soilsanddesigned usingthe buildingcode current atthetimeof theearthquake

EarthquakeRepairSessionMarch DallasTexas

Introduction

Introduction

Predominant MidHeight Building Archetype inChile

Predominant MidHeight Building Archetype inChile

SolidR/Cslabs,150mmto200mmthick Loadbearingwallsareoften significantlyperforated nearthebaseof thebuilding
Difficult assessment ofloadpaths Validity ofplanesection hypothesis incritical regionsisquestionable

Mostmodernbuildingshaveoneoftwo undergroundparkinggarages Foundations aretypicallysolidmats,pilesareseldomused Thingravitycolumnsaresparinglyused Trendstowards theuseofthinnerwalls/tallerbuildings

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DesignApproach

CaseStudies

Designrequirementshavechangedovertheyears,but thebaseshearcoefficientanddetailinghaveremained similarovertheyears Designbaseshearforceinmediumrisebuildings rangesbetweenVbu =0.120.15W Detailingisgenerallypoorwithlittleaimforductility

Workingstressdesignupuntil1995 ChileadoptedACI318backin1993butspecificseismic detailingrequirementsforwallswereexcluded

Tricahue (12stories) RioPetrohue (17stories)

Loadbearingwallsofcomplexconfigurationareoften analyzedasacompositeofrectangularwalls Wallsareoftenthin(h/12toh/15)andhavedeep neutralaxisdepths,displayingcompressivecontrolled failures

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CaseStudies

CaseStudies

GeneralDamageandRepairSchemes

Extensivecrushingoftheconcreteinlowerlevelwalls Endemicbucklingandfractureofthelongitudinal reinforcement Closureofwallopenings Increasewallthickness Additionalwalls Epoxyinjectionofsmallwidthcracksinwallsandslabs Useofwetlayoffcarbonfiberstrips

EarthquakeRepairSessionMarch DallasTexas

X X

Tricahue

RioPetrohue

X

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EquivalentASCE7SoilClassD

CaseStudies

CaseStudies

RoPetrohu

6860m2,17stories Totalrepair cost =$2565000 Structural repair cost =$941000 Structural repair cost/Totalrepair cost =0.3 Totalrepair cost /Replacement cost=1/3
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CaseStudies

CaseStudies

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CaseStudies

CaseStudies

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EarthquakeRepairSessionMarch DallasTexas

CaseStudies

CaseStudies

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CaseStudies

CaseStudies

EdificioTricahue

5000m2,12stories Structural repair cost =$1500000 Structural repair cost =$600000 Structural repair cost /Totalrepair cost =0.4 Totalrepair cost /Replacement cost =1/3
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CaseStudies

CaseStudies

Tricahue

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CaseStudies

Tricahue Tricahue

EarthquakeRepairSessionMarch DallasTexas

EarthquakeRepairSessionMarch DallasTexas

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CaseStudies

Conclusion

Conclusions
Repairsofearthquakedamagedmediumrisebuildings inVia delMar,Chilehavegoneaheadwhenthecost ofrepairtoreplacementcostislessthan0.35 Repairmethodsaretraditionalandconsistinremoval ofcrushedconcrete,replacementofbuckledor fracturedlongitudinalreinforcement,increasewall thicknessandremovalofopeningsincriticallevelsof thebuilding Insomecasescarbonfiberstripshavebeenusedto enhancetheshearstrengthincriticalregionsofwalls

EarthquakeRepairSessionMarch DallasTexas

Conclusion

EarthquakeRepairSessionMarch DallasTexas