H tn: ng Vn H

MSSV:1214090

L Th Khnh Ngha
M s nhm thc tp:21

MSSV:1214201

Th nm , ngy 28

nm 2013

thng 11

CHUN ACID BAZ

A. PHNG PHP BAZ

Nguyn tc chung:
-Dng dung dch chun l dung dch baz mnh phn ng xy ra hon ton
-p ng iu kin v NQ.
-Chn cht ch th pH tha iu kin pHF=0,99<pT<pHF=1,01

Phn ng chun (tng qut): B + H+

BH+
Phn ng ch th:
Ind- +H+
HInd
1. Xc nh chnh xc nng NaOH ~ 0.1N theo cht gc:
Phn ng chun : H2C2O4 + 2OHC2O42- + 2H2O
Bng kt qu chun :
Th tch

Ln1

Ln 2

Ln 3

VNaOH (mL)

9,60

9,60

9,50

VtbNaOH (mL)

9,57

-Cng thc tnh nng NaOH:

=0,104N

-Cng thc tnh sai s theo Student (th s, kt qu theo quy tc CSCN):

0,95,N-NaOH = NNaOH*(
Trong :

0,000035N ,

N
= 1,96*

=0,0079ml

10,00(ml)

0,0015N

Biu din kt qu :
- chnh xc:1-

=11

0,986 = 98,60%

Nhn xt:
-Php chun vi chnh xc khng cao,gy sai s ng k cho cc phn ng
chun tip theo,
-Nng hi cao so vi yu cu(0,1N),c th thm khong 0,50ml t c nng
chnh xc hn
-Cn quan st hin tng k v iu chnh buret hp l,chnh xc.
-Dung dch NaOH cn bo qun cn thn,hn ch tip xc vi khng kh.
Ti sao phi pha dung dch NaOH ~ 0.1N t dung dch NaOH bo ha (~ 50%)
m khng pha trc tip t ha cht rn?
V: -NaOH rn d ht m,nn khi pha khng m bo nng khng chnh xc.
-Ha cht rn c ln Na2CO3 nn khi chun khng m bo chnh xc
Lit k mt s cht chun gc khc nh phn nng NaOH: HCl(dng
ng kh),
2. Xc nh nng H2SO4 bng NaOH:
Phn ng chun : H2SO4 +2OH
Bng kt qu chun :

SO42- +2H2O

VNaOH (mL)
Ln 1

Ln 2

Ln 3

Trung
bnh

Nng H2SO4 (M)

Phenolphthalein

18,90

18,90

19,00

18,93

0,09840,0016

pT 5.1

18,40

18,40

18,45

18,41

0,09570,0014

pT 10.2

18,4

18,5

18,5

18,47

0,09600,0016

Ch th

Cng thc tnh nng H2SO4):

(kt qu trnh by bn trn)
Cng thc tnh sai s theo Student:

Trong :

*(

0,0015N ,

=0,1040N

=0,0079

Bng tm tt cc gi tr:
Ch th

phenolphthalein

18,93

0,09844

0,0015

0,0079

0,14

0,0016

pT 5.1

18,41

0,09573

0,0015

0,0079

0,072

0,0014

pT 10.2

18,47

0,09604

0,0015

0,0079

0,14

0,0016

Biu din kt qu (km sai s, trnh by trong bng):

Nhn xt:
chnh xc:
Ch th

- H2SO4 c bc nhy 4,90<pT<10,vi pHt=7,00

-Vy chun dng ch th phenolphthalein c
pT=9 s chnh xc nht
-Kt qu trn bng khng tha mn,nn thao tc
chun khng chnh xc,cn thao tc chnh xc

CX:1-

phenolphthalein

98,37%

pT 5.1

98,54%

pT 10,2

98,33%

hn,

C th chun ring tng nc ca H2SO4 c khng? Gii thch. ( 2 dng)

Khng th chun ring tng nc ca H2SO4.

V:pKa<4
C th pha ch dung dch H2SO4 nng chnh xc 0.1000N khng? Gii thch.
-Khng th pha ch dung dch H2SO4 nng chnh xc 0.1000N
-V: H2SO4 s c ln cc tp cht,
c im ca nhng ch th c s dng (pT, khong i mu, s thay i mu sc) :
Ch th

pT

Khong i mu

Mu thay i

Phenolphthalein

9,0

8,0-9,9

Khng mu-

pT 5.1

5.1

4,9-5,3

nho-lc

pT 10,2

10,2

10,0-10,4

Vng-tm

3. Xc nh nng H3PO4 bng NaOH:

Phn ng chun :
H3PO4 + OHH3PO4 + 2OH-

H2PO4- + H2O
HPO42- + 2H2O

Bng kt qu chun :
Ch th

VNaOH (mL)

Nng H3PO4 (M)

Ln 1 Ln 2 Ln 3 Trung bnh

pT 5.1

4,45

4,50

4,40

4,45

(0,04630,0014)M

pT 10.2

8,50

8,60

8,60

8,57

(0,044600,00097)M

Cng thc tnh nng H3PO4 (th s, kt qu):

Vi pT 5,1:

Vi pT10.2:

Cng thc tnh sai s theo Student (th s, kt qu):

0,95,C-H3PO4 = CH3PO4*(
Trong :

0,0015 ,

=0,1040N

=0,0079

Bng tm tt cc gi tr
Ch th

pT 5,1

4,45

0,0463

0,0015

0,0079

0,12

0,0014

pT 10,2

8,57

0,0446

0,0015

0,0079

0,14

0,00097

0,95,C-H3PO4

Biu din kt qu (km sai s, trnh by trong bng):

Nhn xt
Ch th

CX:1-

pT 5.1

96,98%

pT 10,2

97,82%

- chnh xc khng c cao(<99%),thao tc cn

km,sai s ca
dng chun hi cao.
-Khi chun bng ch th pT10,2 cn quan st k,t
t,trnh lc mnh erlen dung dch n nh (do mu
ca pY 10,2 khng n nh)

C th chun ring r tng nc ca H3PO4 c khng? Gii thch.

C th chun ring l nc 1 v 2
Do: Nc 1 :4<pK=5,09<6,nn chun chnh xc 99%
Nc 2: 4<pK=5,12<6, nn chun chnh xc 99%
Nc 3: pKa3 + pCo >10 nn khng chun c.
4

4. Xc nh nng hn hp H3PO4 + H2SO4 bng NaOH:

Phn ng chun :
pT=5,1:
H2SO4 +2OHH3PO4 + OH

SO42- +2H2O

H2PO4- + H2O

H2SO4 +2OH-

pT=10,2 :

SO42- +2H2O

H3PO4 + 2OH-

HPO42- + 2H2O

Bng kt qu chun :
VNaOH (mL)
Ch th

Ln
1

pT 5.1

11,25

pT 10.2

Ln
2

13,75

11,30
13,80

Ln
3

Nng H2SO4
(M)

Trung bnh

11,30

11,28
s=0,0288675

13,75

13,77
s=0,0288675

Nng H3PO4(M)

(0,04570,0017)M

0,0011)M

-Cng thc tnh nng H2SO4 :

=

=0,0457M

Cng thc tnh nng H3PO4 :

=

= 0,0259M

Cng thc tnh sai s theo Student:

Sai s cho H2SO4:
t

=2

= 2*11,28-13,77 = 8,79ml

=(

) =(

(
(

*(

)
)

0,0017M

) = 0,16ml

*(

(
(

(
(

)
)

Sai s cho H3PO4:

t

=13,77-11,28=2,49ml

) = (

(
)

0,0259*(

)
)

) =0,10ml

CH3PO4*(

)
(

= 0,0011M
Biu din kt qu (km sai s):

=(0,04570,0017)M
CX=96,28%
0,0011)M
CX=95,75%

Nhn xt :
-CX khng cao,thao tc thc hin khng chnh xc
-Quan st bc nhy cn thn trnh b st tng khong i mu (nht l pT 10,2
c nhiu bc i mu).
-Nn gi 1 erlen c mu chun so snh.
S i mu ca ch th pT 5.1 v pT 10.2 trong trng hp ny c khc g so
vi chun ring H3PO4 hoc ring H2SO4 khng ?
Khng c s thay i mu ca ch th so vi chun ring H3PO4 hoc ring
H2SO4,v ch th i mu khong pH thch hp,c th
pT=5,1: - lc
pT=10,1:Vng - tm
5. Xc nh hm lng N (%) trong NH4Cl bng phng php chun thay th:
Nguyn tc:
-NH4+ trong nc l 1 n acid rt yu(pKa=9,25),v vy khng th chun trc tip
bng NaOH,phi dng chun thay th
4NH4+ +6HCHO
(CH2)6N4H+ + 3H+ + 6H2O
-T acid yu NH4+ chuyn thnh 1 acid mnh hn (CH2)4N4.H44+

Phn ng chun :
(CH2)6N4H+ + 3H+ + 4OH-

(CH2)6N4 + 4H2O

 Bng kt qu chun :
Th tch

Nng N

Ln 1 Ln 2 Ln 3 Trung bnh

VNaOH (mL) 17,10 17,20 17,10

17,13
(24,800,41)%
S=0,05774

Cng thc tnh nng N (%) (th s, kt qu):

=

%N=

= 24,8%

Cng thc tnh sai s theo Student (th s, kt qu):

%N(
24,8 (

)
)

=0,41%
Nhn xt:
-CX = 98,34%,khng cao
-Lu khi pha dung dch v trung ha HCOOH trc khi em chun

B. PHNG PHP ACID

Nguyn tc chung:
-Dng dung dch chun l dung dch baz mnh phn ng xy ra hon ton
-p ng iu kin v NQ.
-Chn cht ch th pH tha iu kin pHF=0,99<pT<pHF=1,01
- Phn ng chun : HA + OHA- + H2O
Phn ng ch th:

HInd + OH-

Ind- + H2O

6. Xc nh nng HCl theo cht gc

Phn ng chun : B4072- + 2H+ +5H2O
4H3BO3
Phn ng ch th, s i mu Ind- +H+
HInd
Dng ch th pT=5,4,chuyn mu t lc sang tm
Bng kt qu chun :
Th tch

Ln 1 Ln 2 Ln 3 Trung bnh

VHCl (mL) 10,60 10,60 10,65

Nng HCl (M)

10,62
(0,094160,00064)M
S=0,02887

 Cng thc tnh nng HCl:

=
Cng thc tnh sai s theo Student :

= 0,09416(

(
)

=0,00064
(0,094160,00064)M

Biu din kt qu (km sai s):

Nhn xt: CX= 99,32%,nng HCl t yu cu nh mong mun,

Ti sao phi xc nh li nng HCl? ( 2 dng)
V:Nng HCl khng chnh xc 0,1N(do tp cht,sai s trong qu trnh pha),phi
xc nh li nng dng lm cht chun trong cc php chun khc.
Lit k mt s cht chun gc xc nh nng HCl:NaOH,cc baz mnh
7. Xc nh Na2CO3 bng HCl: dng ch th methyl cam, pT 5.1 v pT 8.3
Phn ng chun :
Nc 1:CO32- + H+
HCO3Nc 2: CO32- + 2H+
H2CO3
Phn ng ch th, s i mu: Ind- +H+

HInd

Nc 1:pT 8,3: tm- vng

Nc 2: pT 5,1
vng da cam(nh sng hng)
metyl cam
Bng kt qu chun :
Ch th

VHCl (mL)
Ln 1 Ln 2 Ln 3

Trung bnh

Metyl cam 11,90 11,80 11,80 11,83 s=0,05774

Nng Na2CO3 (M)

(0,11100,0015)M

pT 5.1

12,00 11,90 11,90 11,93 s=0,05774

(0,11200,0016)M

pT 8.3

6,30

(0,11900.0016)M

6,30

6,35

6,32

s=0,02887

Cng thc tnh nng Na2CO3 (th s, kt qu):

Nc 1:

Nc 2:
Metyl cam:

pT 5,1:

=0,111M
= 0,112M
8

 Cng thc tnh sai s theo Student (th s, kt qu):

(

Vi cc ch th:
pT 8,3:

) =0,0016M

CX =98,64%
pT 5,1:

) =0,0016M

CX = 98,57%
Metyl cam:

) =0,0015M

CX = 98,65%
-Nhn xt:
-ch th pT 5.1, Metyl cam: c khong i mu t vng sang da cam(nh
hng),nn rt kh quan st im tng ng,chun c phn khng chnh xc.
-ch th pT 8,3,khi lc mnh,dung dch hn lon,i mu lin tc,gy chun
thiu chnh xc.
Nu nguyn tc la chn ch th v nh hng ca hm lng CO2 ha tan n
qu trnh chun .
-Vi nc 2,to ra H2CO3,nu khng un ui ht CO2 th khong bc nhy l
4,353,0,khi c th dng ch th metyl cam(pT=4)
-Nu gn kt thc php chun ,un ui CO2 ,khong bc nhy c ni rng
v c th s dng cc ch th pT=5.2,5.4,5.5.
Nhn xt chnh xc chun nc 1 v nc 2:
-

chnh xc ca hai nc xp x nhau ( xp x 98,6%) v c chnh xc khng

cao nh d on (99%)

8. Xc nh hn hp NaHCO3 v Na2CO3 bng HCl

-Phn ng chun :
Nc 1:

CO32- + H+

HCO3-

Nc 1+2:

CO32- + 2H+

H2CO3

HCO3- + H+

H2CO3

Bng kt qu chun :
VHCl (mL)
Ch th

pT 8.3
Metyl
cam

Ln

Ln

Ln

6,00

5,90

6,00

5,97
S=0,05774

15,50 15,60 15,60

=15,57
S=0,05774

Nng NaHCO3

Nng Na2CO3

(M)

(M)

0,09040,0080

0,056200,00038

Trung bnh

Trnh by ngn gn cng thc tnh nng NaHCO3 v Na2CO3 ( 6 dng)

=
=

=0,0904M

Cng thc tnh sai s theo Student (th s, kt qu):

Sai s cho Na2CO3:
(

) =0,00038M

Sai s cho NaHCO3:

t W= (

15,57-2*5,97 = 3,63ml
= (
= (

) = (

)
)

(
10

) = 0,32ml
(

)
(

) =0,0080 M

 Biu din kt qu :
0,0080)M
Nhn xt:
Ch th Metyl cam: c khong i mu t vng sang da cam(nh hng),nn rt
kh quan st im tng ng,chun c phn khng chnh xc.
Ch th pT 8,3,khi lc mnh,dung dch hn lon,i mu lin tc,gy chun
thiu chnh xc.

NHN XT CHUNG :
-Thao tc chun cha chnh xc
-Cha nhn bit c chnh xc s i mu ca ch th

11

 KIM TRA 1:
Xc nh nng ca cc acid trong hn hp H3PO4 + H2SO4 bng NaOH
H tn:ng Vn H
MSSV:1214090
M s nhm thc tp:21
M s bnh mu kim tra:10
Th nm , ngy 28 thng 11 nm 2013

Nng NaOH dng chun : (0,10170,0015)M

Bng kt qu chun :
Ch th
pT 5.1

Nng

Nng

H2SO4 (M)

H3PO4(M)

(0,04510,0017)M

(0,04240,0021)M

VNaOH (mL)
Ln 1 Ln 2 Ln 3
13,10

pT 10.2 17,30

13,20
17,40

13,10
17,30

Trung bnh
13,13
(s=0,05774)
17,33
(s=0,057734)

-Cng thc tnh nng H2SO4 (th s, kt qu):

=

=0,04510M

Cng thc tnh nng H3PO4 (th s, kt qu):

=

= 0,04242M

Cng thc tnh sai s theo Student (th s, kt qu):

Sai s cho H2SO4:
t

=2

= 2*13,13-17,33 = 8,93ml

=(

) =(

(
(

*(

0,0017M

12

) = 0,32ml

*(

(
(

(
(

)
)

Sai s cho H3PO4:

t

=17,33-13,13=4,20ml

) = (

(
)

0,04242*(

)
)

= 0,0021M

13

) =0,20ml

CH3PO4*(

(
(

(
(

)
)

KIM TRA 1:
Xc nh nng ca cc acid trong hn hp H3PO4 + H2SO4 bng NaOH
H tn: L Th Khnh Ngha
MSSV:1214201
M s nhm thc tp:21
M s bnh mu kim tra: 51
Th nm , ngy 28 thng 11

nm 2013

Nng NaOH dng chun : (0,10170,0015)M

Bng kt qu chun :
Ch th
pT 5.1

Nng
H2SO4 (M)

Nng
H3PO4(M)

(0,05540,0018)M

(0,05840,0022)M

VNaOH (mL)
Ln 1 Ln 2 Ln 3

Trung bnh

16,60

16,63
(s=0,05774)

16,60

16,70

pT 10.2 22,30 22,40 22,40

22,37
(s=0,057734)

-Cng thc tnh nng H2SO4:

=

=0,05538M

Cng thc tnh nng H3PO4 (th s, kt qu):

=

= 0,05838M

Cng thc tnh sai s theo Student:

Sai s cho H2SO4:
t

=2

= 2*16,63-22,37 = 10,89ml

=(

) =(

(
(

* (

0,0018M
14

) = 0,32ml

*(

(
(

(
(

)
)

Sai s cho H3PO4:

t

=22,37-16,63=5,74ml

) = (

(
)

0,05838*(

)
)

= 0,0022M

15

) =0,20ml

CH3PO4*(

(
(

(
(

)
)