Mang Truyen Thong Cong Nghiep

Chng 1.
Ly thuyt chung v mang truyn thng trong cng nghip

Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 1
chng 1
L thuyt chung v mng truyn thng
trong cng nghip
1. Tng quan chung
1.1. Gii thiu v mng truyn thng trong cng nghip
Do c th ca cc ngnh cng nghip m to ra nhiu loi mng truyn
thng khc nhau. Mt khc mng truyn thng trong cng nghip cng c
nhng c th ring, c th phn bit chng vi mng thng tin qung i
thng qua mt s kha cnh sau:
- Phm vi hot ng
- Yu cu v tin cy khi truyn
u im ca s dng mng truyn thng trong cng nghip:
- Thay th c hon ton cc h thng truyn c nh: 0-20mA, 0-10V...
- Cho php lm vic vi cc sn phm ca nhiu nh sn xut khc nhau.
- L h thng m, ng thi cho php hiu chnh iu khin t phng iu
khin trung tm
- H thng hot ng vi tin cy cao hn
- mm do gn nh khng c gii hn.
- Gi thnh thp.
- Lng thng tin truyn ti ln

1.2. M hnh phn cp trong mng truyn thng cng nghip
c ci nhn tng th v mng truyn thng trong cng nghip, hy xem
m hnh phn cp thy cc c trng, cng nh chc nng nhim v ca
ca tng cp.
Chng 1. Ly thuyt chung v mang truyn thng trong cng nghip

Cp hin trng:
y l cp nm ti hin trng v tt nhin cp ny nm st vi dy chuyn
sn xut nht. Cc thit b chnh trong cp ny l sensor v c cu chp
hnh, chng c th c ni mng trc tip hoc thng qua ng Bus
ni vi cp trn (cp iu khin).
H thng Bus dng kt ni cc thit b cp hin trng vi cp iu
khin gi l Bus trng (fieldbus), trong thc t h thng Bus ny i hi
cn c p ng thi gian thc trong cc cuc trao i thng tin, mt c
trng ca cc cuc trao i tin trong cp trng l cc bn tin thng c
chiu di khng ln
Cc sensor v c cu chp hnh c ni trn ng Bus c th l cc thit
b thng minh hoc cng c th l cc thit b thng thng c x dng
thm cc b chuyn i giao thc tng thch.
in hnh ca Bus trng l: Profibus-DP, Profibus-PA, Can, Foundation
Fielbus, DeviceNet.

PC PC
PC PC PC
HIS HIS EWS
FCS FCS FCS FCS
S S A S A
PC - Personal Computer
HIS -Human Interface Station
FCS - Field Control Station
S - Sensor
A - Actuator
Fieldbus
System bus
Ethernet
Fast Ethernet
Qun l
kinh t
Qun l k
thut
iu khin
v gim st
Hin iu
khin
Hnh 1.1 M hnh phn cp cc h thng mng trong cng nghip
Hin trng
Cp iu khin:
Cp ny bao gm cc trm iu khin hin trng (FCS), cc b iu khin
logic lp trnh (PLC), cc thit b quan st .. . Chc nng thu thp cc tn
hiu t hin trng, thc hin iu khin c s, iu khin logic, tng hp
d liu ...
Cc thit b cp ny c kt ni vi nhau v kt ni vi cc thit b cp
trn (cp iu khin gim st) thng qua Bus h thng, thc t cc bn tin
trao i trn Bus h thng cng i hi tn nng thi gian thc cao, mt
khc c th ca cc bn tin l chiu di ln hn nhiu so vi cc bn tin
trao i trn Bus trng
in hnh ca Bus h thng l: Profibus-FMS, ControlNet, Industrial
Ethernet.
Cp iu khin gim st:
Cc thit b trong cp ny bao gm cc trm giao tip ngi my HIS, cc
trm thit k k thut EWS, v cc thit b ph tr khc. Chc nng ca cp
ny l thc hin iu khin qu trnh (Process Control), thc hin cc thut
ton iu khin ti u...
Vic kt ni cc thit b cp ny vi cc thit b cp trn (cp qun l k
thut) c thc hin thng qua mng Ethernet, thc cht y l mt mng
cc b LAN, vi tnh nng trao i thng tin khng nht thit trong thi
gian thc,
Cp qun l k thut v cp qun l kinh t:
Thc cht cc cp ny rt quan trng i vi cc hot ng ca cng ty, tuy
nhin yu cu v tc trao i thng tin cng nh i hi v thi gian
thc l khng cao, chc nng ca cc cp ny l qun l tnh trng hot
ng ca cc thit b trong ton h thng cng nh hoch nh chin lc
pht trin sn xut da trn tnh trng ca thit b .
Mt s giao thc dng trong cc h thng mng ny l Fast Ethernet,
TCP/IP

2. C s thc hin mng truyn thng trong cng
nghip
2.1. M hnh tham chiu OSI (Open Systems Interconnection)
- 1983 t chc tiu chun ho quc t ISO (International Standards
Organization) a ra 1 kin trc giao thc vi chun ISO 7498 c
gi l m hnh tham chiu OSI, nhm h tr vic xy dng cc h thng
truyn thng c kh nng giao tip vi nhau.
- Chun ny khng a ra quy nh no v cu trc mt bn tin, v cng
khng nh ngha mt chun dch v c th no. OSI ch l mt m hnh
kin trc phn lp vi mc ch phc v vic xp xp v i chiu cc
h thng truyn thng c sn, trong bao gm vic so snh i chiu
cc giao thc v dch v truyn thng, cng nh lm c s cho pht trin
h thng.

Lp vt l (Physical Layer)
Lp ny c nh ngha l s kt ni vt l gia PC v mng nh sau:
- Theo cu trc mng
- Theo cc chun truyn dn: p hoc dng
- Theo phng thc m ho tn hiu
- Theo giao din c hc (cp hoc gic cm)
Lp lin kt d liu (Data Link Layer)
Lp ny c nh ngha nh sau:
- Protocol ph hp vi vic truy cp mng theo cc bn tin nhn v gi.
- Chia cc khi d liu ln thnh cc khung nh dng d liu.
C hai lp ny c gi l lp phn cng, trong mng cc b lp ny c
chia lm 2 lp con: lp iu khin truy nhp mi trng ( MAC Media
Access Control) v lp iu khin lin kt logic (LLC Logical Link
Control). Trong mt s h thng lp ny c th m nhim thm chc nng
nh kim sot lu thng v ng b ho vic chuyn giao cc khung d
liu.
A Protocol
N
D
P
Mi trng truyn dn
Immediate data
Communication
network
Hnh 1.2. Cu trc m hnh tham chiu OSI

Lp ng dng
Lp biu din d liu
Lp kim sot ni
Lp vn chuyn
Lp lin kt d liu
Lp vt l
Lp mng

Lp ng dng
Lp biu din d liu
Lp kim sot ni
Lp vn chuyn
Lp lin kt d liu
Lp vt l
Lp mng
Lp mng (Network Layer)
- Truyn thng tin ti u trn mng.
- iu khin cc thng ip trng thi gi chng ti cc thit b khc
trong mng.
Lp vn chuyn (Transport Layer)
- Qun l a ch ca thit b trn mng
- nh v cc i tc truyn thng thng qua a ch.
- ng b ho gia cc i tc.
- X l li v kim sot dng thng tin.
Lp kim sot ni (Session Layer)
Chc nng ca lp ny l kim sot mi lin kt truyn thng gia cc
chng trnh ng dng, bao gm vic to lp, qun l v kt thc cc ng
ni gia cc ng dng ca i tc.
Lp biu din d liu (Presentation Layer)
Chc nng ca lp ny l chuyn i cc dng biu din d liu khc nhau
v c php thnh dng chun, cc i tc truyn thng khc nhau c th
giao tip vi nhau.
Lp ng dng (Application Layer)
C chc nng cung cp cc dch v cao cp (da trn c s cc giao thc
cao cp) cho ngi s dng v cc chng trnh ng dng. Cc dch v
lp ny ch yu c thc hin bng phn mm.

2.2. Cu trc mng (Topology)
Trc khi trnh by v cu trc mng hy xem xt khi nim lin kt
Lin kt:
L mi lin h vt l hoc logic gia hai hay nhiu i tc truyn thng.
Vi lin kt vt l cc i tc l cc trm truyn thng c lin kt vi
nhau qua mt mi trng vt l. Lin kt logic v th hiu nh sau: i tc
truyn thng khng nht thit phi l mt thit b phn cng m c th l
mt chng trnh h thng hay mt chng trnh ng dng trn mt trm
nn quan h gia cc i tc ny ch c tnh logic. Tng ng vi mt i
tc vt l thng c nhiu i tc logic v tt nhin nhiu mi lin kt logic
c xy dng trn c s mt mi lin lt vt l.
Cc loi lin kt:
- Lin kt im - im (Point to Point) : Mi lin kt ny ch c 2 i tc
thm gia, v mt vt l hai tm c ni vi nhau bi mt ng truyn.
thc hin mt mng truyn tin da trn lin kt ny s l tp hp ca
nhiu ng dy c lp.
- Lin kt im nhiu im (multi drop): Nhiu trm c ni
chung vi mt trm ch (master). Nh vy cc i tc s c ni chung
vo mt ng dy
- Lin kt nhiu im nhiu im (multi point): nhiu i tc tham
gia v thng tin c trao i theo nhiu hng. Cng tng t lin kt
im nhiu im vi lin kt ny cc i tc cng c ni trn cng
mt ng dy.
nh ngha: Cu trc mng l tng hp ca cc mi lin kt.
Cu trc mng cng hiu l cch sp xp, t chc v mt vt l ca mng
nhng cng hiu l cch sp xp logic ca cc nt mng.
Cc loi cu trc mng:
+ Topology y :

Vi cu trc y ny th s giao tip gia cc trm l nhanh, mt
i tc b s c s khng nh hng ti cc i tc cn li nhng cu trc
ny gi thnh cao do tn km dy dn
+ Topology hnh sao:

B

C
A
E
D
Hnh 1.3. S Topology y (Full)
A
B C
D
E
F
Hnh 1.4. S topology hnh sao

Cc i tc trao i thng tin vi nhau thng qua mt trm ch, tuy
nhin mt s c ca trm ch s dn n s t lit ca ton h thng do
trm ch i hi phi c tin cy cao.
+ Topology vng lp

Trong cu trc ny cc thnh vin c ni vi nhau to thnh mch vng
khp kn, tn hiu c truyn i theo chiu c nh. u im ca phng
php ny l mi nt mng c th l b khuch i iu khin cho
khong cch i vi cu trc ny c th l rt xa. Mt khc mi i tc
ngn mch vng lm hai phn nn kh nng sy ra xung t s gim do tn
hi ch c truyn i theo mt chiu.
+ Topology bus

Trong cu trc ny cc i tc truyn thng c ni trn cung mt
dy dn. Vi cu trc daisy-chain cc i tc c ni trc tip vo ng
truyn. Cn cu trc trunk-line/drop-line th c cc dy ph ni cc i
tc vo ng Bus chung. u im ca phng php ny l n gin v tit
kim dy dn.

+ Cu trc cy
A
B
C
D
Hnh 1.5. S topology kiu vng loop
Hnh 1.6. Cu trc trunk-
line/drop-line
Hnh 1.7. Cu trc daisy-chain

Cu trc cy l tng hp ca nhiu lin kt vi cc cu trc nh
ng thng, sao, mch vng... y l cu trc thng gp trong thc t.

2.3. Mi trng truyn dn
2.3.1. Cc c tnh ca mi trng truyn dn
Mi trng truyn dn l mi trng m tn hiu thng tin truyn qua
(thc cht l ng truyn). Mi trng truyn dn c nh hng
ln ti tc truyn dn, cht lng ng truyn... Ta xt cc c tnh
sau:
Dung lng truyn ca mi trng truyn dn c tnh theo cng thc
sau:
U
k
= T
k
*F
k
*H
k

: T
k
- Thi gian trong c mt tn hiu truyn i
F
k
Khong tn s lm vic ca knh
H
k
- c tnh ch r s tng cng sut tn hiu P
th
so vi cng
sut nhiu P
nh
trong knh
Ngi ta cn gi U
k
l kh nng truyn ca mi trng truyn dn
Tc truyn thng tin:
V=I/T
: I Lng thng tin truyn
T Thi gian truyn lng thng tin I

2.3.2. Cc loi mi trng truyn dn
a) ng hai dy h.
B ni B lp
Hnh 1.8. Cu trc cy
B ni sao
L loi mi trng truyn dn n gin, hai dy dn c cch li vi
nhau bng khong khng. Loi ny c th ni cc thit b vi chiu di
khng ln lm v tc truyn khng qu 19.2 Kbis/s. ng dy ny
c ng dng trong truyn s liu gia cc DTE v DCE.
Nhc im ca loi dy ny l chu tc ng ca nhiu xuyn m,
ngoi ra cu trc h khin n nhy cm vi nhiu gy ra bi cc ngun bc
x, cng chnh l l do khin cho mi trng truyn dn ny hn ch v
tc v chiu di dy dn.
b) Cp i dy xon
y l mi trng truyn dn c tnh lch s trong truyn s liu v
hin ny n vn l mi trng truyn dn c dng rt ph bin. N c
pht minh cng thi vi in thoi, v gi th tng i r tin
Cp dy i xon c th loi tr tt hn. Trong mt cp c nhiu cp
dy xon vo nhau. Mt i dy xon bao gm hai si dy c qun cch
li m vo nhau do cu trc nh th m trng in t ca hai dy s trung
ho ln nhau, mt khc dy tn hiu v dy t xon vo nhau gip cho tn
hiu giao thoa c c hai dy thu nhn, khng lm nh hng ln tn hiu
vi sai. Chnh v vy m nhiu ra mi trng xung quanh v nhiu xuyn m
gim thiu ng k.

ng dy xon i thch hp vi thit b iu khin ng dy v
mch thu ring, s dng tc bit di 1 Mbps cho khong cch t vi m
n 15Km v tc bit thp hn cho khong cch di hn. in hnh ca
cp i dy xon l vic ng dng trong cc h thng truyn thng s dng
chun RS485 vi tc truyn thng thng l 64Kb/s v 96Kb/s
Tuy vy cp i dy xon c nhc im l chu nh hng ca nhiu
k sinh v hin tng can nhit (couplage)
C 2 loi cp xon i: Cp xon i khng bc kim (UTP
Unshielded Twisted Pair) dng rng ri trong mng in thoi v trong
nhiu ng dng truyn s liu; cp xon i bc kim (STP Shielded
Twisted Pair), c mt mn chn bo v gim nh hng ca tn hiu giao
thoa.

Hnh 1.9. Cu to ca cp i dy xon
c) Cp ng trc
Hn ch chnh ca cp xon i gy ra bi hiu ng b mt. Khi tc
bit (cng l tn s) ca tn hiu truyn dn tng ln th lung chy ca dng
in trong dy ch trn b mt, do vy s dng t hn tit din sn c, dn
n s tng in tr ca dy i vi tn hiu cao tn, lm tng suy hao.
Ngoi ra, tn s cao, nng sut tn hiu b mt mt nhiu hn do hiu ng
bc x. V vy, vi nhng ng dng i hi tc bit cao hn 1 Mbps, cn
phi c thit b in t thu v iu khin tinh vi hn hoc s dng mt mi
trng truyn dn khc.
Cp ng trc lm gim ti thiu hai hiu ng trn. Cp c cht dn
in chnh gia trc v bao quanh trc cng l cht dn in. Khong
gia hai lp cht dn in thng c lm y bi cht cch in rn hoc
cu trc t ong.

Cht dn in gia l mn chn hu hiu vi tn hiu nhiu bn ngoi. S
tn hao tn hiu rt nh gy ra do bc x in t v hiu ng b mt. Cp
ng trc c th s dng vi nhiu kiu tn hiu khc nhau, tc in
hnh l 10Mbps.
Cp ng trc c s dng rng ri, ch hot ng c th s dng di
c s (BaseBand) hoc di rng (BroadBand). Vi BaseBand ton b hiu
sut ng truyn c dnh cho mt knh truyn thng duy nht trong khi
BroadBand th s dng cho 2 hoc nhiu knh cng phn chia di thng
ca ng truyn. Chng c minh ho trn hnh 3.10.

Lp cch in Lp dn in
Hnh 1.10. Cu to ca cp ng trc

- Phng thc truyn di c s c th truyn c c tn hiu tng t
v tn hiu s.

Khong cch truyn gii c s t 1Km n 3Km tc trong gii ny l
1Mb/s n 10Kb/s
Vi gii rng khong cch t 10Km n 50Km, tc c th ln n
350Mb/s
Vi iu ch di rng cp ng trc kh nhy cm vi nhiu tn s thp, h
s chng nhiu t 50dB n 60 dB. Trong trng hp iu ch di rng th
km nhy cm hn, h s chng nhiu t 80dB n 100dB.
d) Si quang
y l mi trng truyn dn ang c x dng rng ri trong cng
nghip bi cc u im sau:
- Dung lng truyn ln
- Tnh bo mt tn hiu khi truyn cao
- Trng lng nh (c bit thch hp vi k thut hng khng)
- Kh nng chng nhiu tt
- Tc truyn cao (c th ln n hng trm Mb/s)
- Khng b n mn trong cc mi trng oxi ho
Chng ta hy xt mt s cc vn l thuyt trc khi xem xt si quang
+ Bn cht v cc c trng ca sng nh sng
*. Bn cht sng nh sng
! "nh sng cng ln khng phi bao gm nhng lng t nng lng
ln m gm rt nhiu lng t lan truyn. Bn cht ca sng nh sng c c
tnh cht sng v tnh cht ht. Tc lan truyn ca sng nh sng l
3.10
8
m/s trong chn khng
BaseBand BroadBand
Hnh 1.11. Minh ho di c s v di rng
- Khi nghin cu cc phn t thu quang ngi ta x dng cc c tnh ht
ca n. Khi nghin cu qu trnh lan truyn ca cp quang trn si quang
ngi ta li quan tm n tnh cht sng ca n.
*. Cc c trng c bn
+ Di ph bc x quang hc. c trng c bn ca cc ngun bc x in
t l di ph bc x quang hc hay di bc sng tng ng:
) ( & ) ( Hz
c
f m
f
c
l
l = =
- nh sng s dng trong thng tin quang l nh sng trong vng hng
ngoi:
- Hng ngoi gn IR-A: 0.78mm 1.4 mm
- Hng ngoi gia IR-B: 1.4mm 6 mm
- Hng ngoi gn IR-A: 6mm 1mm
- Ph bc x c 3 loi khc nhau l ph lin tc, ph ri rc v ph hp
th. Trong thng tin quang ngi ta s dng ph lin tc v ph ri
rc.
+ c tnh khng kt hp: Khi cc ngun bc x hot ng, tng nguyn t
s bc x ngu nhin cc xung nh sng, Mi xung nh sng cha ng
mt dao ng ring. Cc xung nh sng ch tn ti trong 1 thi gian ngn
(18
-8
) v i c khong 3m. Sau cc nguyn t ngng bc x trong mt
thi gian di, trong thi gian cc nguyn t khc li bc x v n to ra
nh sng lin tc.
Do cc nguyn t nn pha ca chng l ngu nhin, do khng th c
hin tng giao thoa trong mt thi gian di v ngi ta gi l c tnh
khng kt hp ca nh sng.
+ Nguyn l truyn dn nh sng
- Da vo hin tng phn x ton phn
- Khi n
1
>n
2
v a
t
<= a

+ Cu to si quang
Cp si quang gm mt si thu tinh n cho mi tn hiu c truyn,
nm trong v bc ngn nh sng bn ngoi. Tn hiu nh sng sinh ra bi
my pht quang. My pht quang thc hin s chuyn i t in sang
quang. Tng t, my thu quang thc hin chc nng ngc li ti u cui
thu. My pht quang s dng LED hoc ILD, my thu quang s dng diode
quang hoc transistor quang thc hin cc chuyn i.
n
2

n
1

Trong si quang a mode chit sut bc, vt liu ch to v v li khc
nhau nhng chit sut l ng nht. Cc tia sng do diode pht ra vi gc
nh hn gc ti hn s c phn x ton phn ti giao din li v v lan
truyn dc theo li bng cch phn x nhiu ln. Cc tia sng pht ra ti
diode vi gc khc nhau s truyn i vi thi gian khc nhau, dn n tn
hiu thu c rng xung ln hn tn hiu vo, lm gim tc bit.
+ Phn loi si quang
Theo c tnh truyn dn ngi ta chia si quang thnh 2 loi: Si SM v
si MM
- Si SM (Single Mode): c hiu l mt trng thi dao ng in t
ng vi nghim cao ca phng trnh sng. S lng cc Mode c
quan h vi sng in t n tho mn cc phng trnh Maxwell v
iu kin b ly t si quang.
- Si MM (Multiple Modes): c hiu l c ng thi nhiu Mode.
Si MM c ng knh d
k
ln hn si SM
C th hiu Mode l cc tia sng thnh phn.
Theo s thay i ca chit sut m ngi ta phn si quang thnh mt s
loi sau:
- Si SI-MM (Step Index ! Multiple Modes)
- Si GI-MM (Granded Index ! Multiple Modes)
- Si SI-SM (Step Index ! Single Mode)
th sau ch ra s lin h gia tc truyn v khong cch truyn ca
cp i dy xon, cp ng trc v cp quang

n1
n2
Hnh 1.12. Nguyn l lm vic ca cp quang

e) V tinh
Ngoi mi trng hu tuyn, s liu cn c th c truyn bng cch
dng sng v tuyn qua khng gian nh h thng v tinh. S liu c iu
ch bi mt chm sng cc ngn hnh nn, pht t mt t ln v tinh.
Chm tia ny c thu v truyn n ch nh bng cch dng 1
antenna nh hng v b chuyn tip. Mt v tinh n c nhiu b chuyn
tip nh vy, mi b tip nhn mt di tn s ring. Mt knh v tinh in
hnh c bng thng ln (500MHz) v c th cung cp hng trm knh s
liu tc cao bng cch dng k thut ghp knh.
V tinh dng cho mc ch lin lc thng l v tinh a tnh. Ngi ta
chn qu o ca v tinh cung cp mt tuyn thng tin tm nhn thng
gia trm pht v thu.

Mi trm mt t thu, pht ti cc tn s khc nhau, thc t thng s dng
h thng nhiu trm thu pht, t chc thnh mng.
0.1 1 10 100
L(km)
V(Mb/s)
100
10
1
0.1
Cp quang
Cp ng trc
Cp i dy xon
Hnh 1.13. th lin h gia tc truyn v khong cch truyn ca cp
i dy xon, cp ng trc v cp quang
V tinh
Trm pht Trm thu
Hnh 1.14. Truyn dn bng sng v tinh

f) Sng cc ngn trn mt t (viba)
ng truyn sng cc ngn c s dng rng ri khi vic xy dng
mt mi trng hu tuyn l khng thc t, hoc qu t, v d qua sng
h, sa mc. V sng cc ngn truyn qua khng kh nn c th b gin on
bi cc vt cn do con ngi va iu kin thi tit c hi. Cng nh v tinh,
chm tia sng cc ngn truyn qua khng gian nn khng hiu qu. Truyn
dn bng sng cc ngn c th cho php khong cch n 50km.

g) Sng v tuyn tn thp
Sng v tuyn tn thp c s dng nhng ni c lin kt c nh
qua mt khong cch va phi bng cch dng my pht v thu mt t.
V d, dng kt ni cc my tnh trong thnh ph vi mt my pht xa.
my v tuyn (gi l trm gc) c t im c nh, cung cp lin kt
v tuyn gia mi my tnh v trm trung tm.
Nu ng dng yu cu khu vc bao ph rng ln, cn phi s dng
nhiu trm gc. Khu vc bao ph ca mi trm gc b gii hn do gii hn
cng sut pht, v vy mi trm gc ch cung cp va knh phc v cho
ton b ti trong khu vc . C th t c vng ph sng ln hn bng
cch sp xp nhiu trm gc theo cu trc t bo. Thc t, kch thc t bo
thay i v c xc nh bi cc yu t nh mt u cui v a th a
phng.
Mi trm gc hot ng s dng mt di tn khc vi trm ln cn.
Tuy nhin, v ph sng ca mi trm gc b gii hn nn c th s dng li
di tn ca cc vng khc trong mng. Cc trm gc c kt ni n mng
c nh. Thng thng, tc d truyn s liu gia cc my tnh trong mt t
bo l 10Kbps.

2.4. Cc phng php truy nhp ng truyn
Trong mng truyn tin c nhiu i tc tham gia, cn thit phi c s
iu khin sao cho mi thi dim ch c i tc c gi thng tin i,
r rng cn thit phi c phng php thch hp phn chia thi gian gi
d liu trn ng truyn.
Vic truy nhp ng truyn lin quan n cc yu t sau:
- tin cy khi truyn thng tin
- Tnh nng thi gian thc
- Hiu sut s dng ng truyn.
Ngi ta a ra cc phng php truy nhp ng truyn nh sau:

2.4.1.Phng php truy cp Master/ Slave
Vi phng php truy nhp ny, trm ch s c quyn phn chia thi
gian truy cp ng truyn cho cc trm t hnh 3.15.

Trm ch c th gi cc yu cu tun t n cc trm t hoc c th ch
nh trm t bt k theo mc ch truy nhp.
u im ca phng php ny l cu trc mng n gin, nhng cc
hot ng ca mng li ph thuc vo trm ch nn i hi tin cy ca
trm ch l rt cao, mt khc do thng tin gia cc trm t u phi thng
qua trung gian l trm ch khin cho hiu sut ng truyn trong
phng php ny l khng cao.

2.4.2. Phng php truy cp Token Passing
Cu trc ca mt token nh sau:

Token Passing l 1 khung truyn c cu trc c bit vi cc thng tin
d liu chnh, n c s dng nh th bi c th tc dng trao quyn gi
thng tin khi mt trm no c c th bo ny. Vic gi th bi c
thc hin theo 1 chu trnh nh sn. i vi cc mng c cu trc khp kn
ngi ta a ra khi nim Token rinh. S nh sau:
Master
Slave Slave Slave
Hnh 1.15. Truy cp Master/slave
1 byte
Start
1 byte 1 byte
Access
control
End delimiter
Hnh 1.16. nh dng ca 1 token

Mt trm ang gi Token khng nhng c quyn gi thng tin i m
cn c th kim sot thng tin ca cc trm khc. Nu thy trm chun b
nhn Token b li n s khng gi Token cho trm ny, hoc nu token
khng c gi (c ngha l trm token b li) th 1 trm no s t to ra
token m bo hot ng ca h thng l thng sut.

2.4.3. CDMA/ CD(Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection)
Trong phng php ny, cc trm u c truy nhp bus m khng c
1 s kim sot no. Nguyn tc hot ng c m t nh sau:
+ Mi trm u cm nhn ng truyn (carier sense), ch khi ng truyn
ri th mi c truyn thng tin trn .
Unit 5 Unit 7 Unit 6 Unit 8
Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 : Mi
trng vt
l
: ng i
ca Token
Unit 3: b li
Hnh 1.17. Phng php truy nhp Token Ring
Hnh 1.18. Phng php truy nhp Token bus
+ Do tr ca s lan truyn m vn xy ra trng hp lp 2 hay nhiu
trm cng a thng tin ln ng truyn (hnh....) v khi pht cc trm
ny vn phi cm nhn xem c xy ra xung t khng (Collision Detection)

+ Khi hai hay hiu trm nhn cng a thng tin ln ng truyn (tc
xung t xy ra) th cc trm ny u phi hu b bn tin gi ca mnh
(hnh...)

+ Ch trong thi gian ngu nhin cc trm ny s gi li thng bo

Thc t vic pht hin xung t c thc hin bng cch so snh tn
hiu pht v tn hiu phn hi. Trong trng hp c xung t th cc trm
ny lp tc khng pht na, v cc trm nhn th khng nhn c byte kt
thc ca khung truyn nn coi nh thng bo ny b hu b.
n1 n2 n3 n4
Hnh 1.19. Nhiu trm nhn cng gi thng tin ln ng truyn
n1 n2 n3 n4
Hnh 1.20. Cc thng bo gi b hu b
n1 n2 n3 n4
Hnh 1.21. Trm n1 gi thng bo
u im ca phng php ny l n gin v linh hot nhng khng
ph hp vi cc h thng mng cp thp do tnh khng n nh v thi gian
p ng.

2.4.4. CSMA/ CA (Carrier Sense Multiple with Collision Avoidance)
Phng php ny cng ging phng php CSMA/ CD, nhng chng
s dng phng php m ho bit thch hp khi xy ra xung t 1 tn hiu
ny s ln t tn hiu kim tra. V d:

Phng php ny ra i ci thin c tnh nng thi gian thc m
phng php CSMA/ CD gp phi.

2.5. Cc giao thc cng nghip (Industrial Protocol)
2.5.1. Khi nim giao thc (Protocol)
+ Trong qu trnh trao i thng tin trn mng, cc i tc truyn thng cn
thit phi tun theo cc quy tc th tc chung phc v cho vic giao tip
gi l giao thc, giao thc chnh l c s cho vic thc hin v s dng cc
dch v truyn thng.
+ Quy nh mt giao thc bao gm cc phn sau:
- Khi to: Phn ny khi to cc thng s ca giao thc v bt u
truyn d liu trn ng truyn
n1 n2 n3
a. n1 v n3 cng pht
A B C
X
n1 n2 n3
b. n1 lin tc pht v n3 dng pht
A B C
Hnh 1.22. Nguyn l hot ng ca CDMA/CA
- To khung v ng b khung: Phn ny nh ngha thi im khi u
v thi im kt thc ca khung bn nhn c th ng b d liu khi
nhn.
- iu khin lung d liu: m bo rng vi tc ny th bn thu c
th nhn s liu m khng b thiu.
- iu khin truy cp ng truyn: ng dng truyn bn song cng
- Sa li: Cc k thut ngy nay s dng sa li tng khi v CRC.
- iu khin Time Out: p dng vi cc b truyn khi n khng nhn
c d liu trong khong thi gian nh trc v b nhn khng th
nhn c cc bn tin trc .

2.5.2.Giao thc cng nghip
Cc yu cu i vi cc Protocol cng nghip.
- D dng cho cc h thng x l: Mc yu cu ca cc h thng
truyn thng cng nghip cp phn xng l cp thp. Cn thit
chn cc giao thc n gin chng hn giao thc ASCII.
- Tnh bo ton d liu khi truyn l cao: Trong mi trng cng nghip
c rt nhiu nhiu in t, cn thit phi truyn s liu sao cho khng c
li, giao thc c chn phi c kh nng kim sot li hiu qu chng
hn nh phng php sot li CRC.
- Chun ho cc giao thc: Xut pht t yu cu trao i thng tin gia
cc i tc trao i thng tin (PLC, PC ...) c sn xut bi cc hng
khc nhau, cn thit phi c giao thc truyn thng cng nghip chung,
chng hn MobBus.
- Tc truy cp cc thng s cao: Yu cu vic cp nht cc thng s t
cc thit b trng ni tip nhau l gn nh ng thi.
Mt s cc giao thc cng nghip in hnh nh: ASCII, Modbus, Can...s
c xt trong phn mng ca Simatic-net

Chng 2. Cac bus tiu biu cua h thng mang SIMATICNET
CHUONG 2
CC BUS TIU BIU C#A H& TH(NG M+NG SIMATICNET

1. TNG QUAN CHUNG V MANG SIMATIC
Trong mng Simatic, a cc gii php cho mng truyn thng cng
nghip nh: Profibus, Ethernet, AS-i... nhm kt ni cc thit b trng vi
cc thit b cp iu khin , cc thit b cp iu khin gim st v cc
thit b cp qun l
Tu theo phng php tch hp m c th a ra cc la chn phn
cng cng nh phn mm tng ng.
Chng ny trnh by v cc giao thc chnh c dng trong Simatic,
phn thit b phn cng v phng php ghp ni c trnh by trong
chng 5
Hnh sau l cu trc phn tng in hnh trong Simatic-net

2. AS-I (ACTUATOR SENSOR INTERFACE)
y l sn phm ca 11 hng sn xut sensor v c cu chp hnh ni
ting trn th gii nh: Siemens AG, Festo KG...y l h thng Bus
trng dng cho giao tip gia cc thit b cp hin trng vi cc thit b
trong cp iu khin. c tnh k thut chnh ca AS-i l:
- Truyn tn hiu cng ngun nui
- Cho php thc hin cu trc mng dng Bus cng nh hnh sao
- Cc thnh phn giao din mng c th thc hin vi gi thnh thp
AS - i
Profibus
Ethernet
(Ethernet, IEEE 802.3)
Hnh 2.0. Phn tng cc mng in hnh trong Simatic -net
2.1. Kin trc giao thc
Giao thc trong AS-i phn hot ng ca cc b iu khin vi cc
thit b trng. nng cao hiu sut v n gin ho trong x l, ton b
vic x l giao thc c thc hin lp 1 trong m hnh OSI.
Phng php truy cp Bus l Master/Slave
2.2. Cu trc mng, cp truyn v c ch giao tip
Cu trc mng trong AS-i l dng Bus hoc hnh sao, c trng ca AS-
i l khng s dng tr u cui.
Chiu di tng cng ti a l 100m, tt nhin nu mun dng vi
khong cch ln hn phi s dng b lp. S lng trm ti a trong mt
mng l 31 tc c th qun l ti a l 124 S/A, tc truyn quy nh l
167kB/s
Trong sn phm ca Siemens module giao din AS-i Master trong S7-
300 l CP 342-2, module ny c th c ni vi cc Module th ng
ni vi cc A/S
C ch giao tip trong AS-i da trn cc yu cu v tr li. Trm ch c
th hi tun t cc trm t tr li hoc cng c th hi cc trm t theo
c ch nh a ch
2.3. Cu trc khung truyn
Mc ch ca nh dng khung truyn l gip bn nhn xc nh
c thi im bt u, kt thc mt bn tin cng nh gi km cc thng
tin v sa sai li
Khung truyn yu cu d liu t trm ch trong AS-i c chiu di l 14
bt cn khung tr li t cc trm t c chiu dai l 7 bt, minh ho trn hnh
sau:
Start CB A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 I4 I3 I2 I1 I0 P Stop

Hnh 2.1. Cu trc khung yu cu d liu
STT K hiu M t
1 Start y l bt nh du s khi u ca khung truyn, n c
gi tr l 0
2 CB L bit iu khin
3 A0 - A4 L cc bt dng xc nh a ch trm t
4 I0 - I4 Cc bt xc nh thng tin yu cu trm t
5 P Bt kim tra chn l
6 Stop y l bt nh du s kt thc ca khung truyn, n c
gi tr l 1

Bng 2.0. ngha ca cc bt trong khung yu cu
Cu trc khung tr li t trm t trnh by trn hnh sau:
Start S3 S2 S1 S0 P Stop

Hnh 2.2. Cu trc khung tr li
ngha cc bt trong khung c trnh by trn hnh sau:
STT K hiu M t
1 Start y l bt nh du s khi u ca khung truyn, n c
gi tr l 0
2 S0 - S3 Thng tin tr li v trm ch
3 P Bt kim tra chn l
4 Stop y l bt nh du s kt thc ca khung truyn, n c
gi tr l 1

Bng 2.1. ngha ca cc bt trong khung tr li

3. PROFIBUS (Process Field Bus)
L h thng Bus trng c pht trin ti c nm 1987 v thnh
chun EIC 61158 nm 2000.
Vi mc ch qung b cng nh h tr vic pht trin v ng dng
cc sn phm tng thch Profibus, mt t chc ngi s dng c
thnh lp mang tn Profibus International vi hn 1000 thnh vin.
Ngy nay Profibus l h thng Bus trng hng u th gii vi hn
20% th phn vi hn 5 triu thit b lp t trong khong 500.000 ng
dng. Profibus ang c coi l gii php chun, tin cy trong nhiu ng
dng c bit l trong cc ng dng c yu cu cao v tnh nng thi gian
thc.
H thng Bus ny c ng dng kt ni cc thit b trng vi cc
thit b iu khin gim st. y l h thng Bus nhiu ch (MultiCast) cho
php cc thit b vo/ra phn tn, cc thit b o thng minh, thit b iu
khin... ni vo cng mt ng Bus.
Cc trm ch (thng l cc PC, PLC) c quyn kim sot truyn
thng trn Bus, cc trm t (thng l cc Module vo/ra phn tn, cc thit
b o thng minh...) khng c php truy nhp Bus, m ch c xc nhn
hoc tr li cc yu cu t trm ch.
Profibus gm 3 loi tng thch vi nhau: Profibus FMS, Profibus
DP v Profibus PA. Profibus FMS c dng ch yu trong vic
ni mng cc my tnh iu khin v cp iu khin gim st. Profibuss
DP c dng kt ni cc thit b trng vi cc my tnh iu khin,
cn Profibus PA c s dng trong cc lnh vc t ng ho cc qu
trnh c mi trng d chy n.

3.1. Cu trc giao thc Profibus

Profibus - FMS Profibus - DP Profibus- PA
Lp 7 Fieldbus Message Specification
Lp 3 6
Lp 2 Fieldbus Data Link (FDL)
Lp 1 RS-48S/ Cp quang IEC 1158-2

Hnh 2.3 Kin trc giao thc Profibus

Profibus DP v PA ch thc hin lp 1 v 2 nhm ti u ho vic trao i
d liu qu trnh gia cp iu khin v cp chp hnh.
- Lp FMS (vi Profibus FMS) m t cc i tng truyn thng,
x l v cung cp cc dch v truyn thng.
- Lp lin kt d liu FDL c chc nng kim sot truy cp bus, cung
cp dch v c bn (cp thp) cho vic trao i d liu mt cch tin
cy.
- Lp vt l quy nh v k thut truyn dn tn hiu, mi trng
truyn dn, cu trc mng v cc giao din c hc. Vic s dng giao
din RS485 quyt nh cc c tnh truyn dn. Khong cch
truyn cc i l 1200m, nu s dng trm lp c th ln n 4800m
tt nhin n cn ph thuc vo tc truyn. Ni chung tc
truyn thng tring khong 9.6 500Kb/s v s lng trm ti a l
127, n s dng phng php m ho NRZ.
Quan h gia tc truyn v chiu di dy dn th hin trn bng sau:
Tc (Kb/s) 9.6, 19.2, 45.45,
93.75
187.5 500 1500 3000, 6000,
12000
Chiu di (m) 1200 1000 400 200 100

3.2. Truy cp Bus v cc dch v truyn s liu.
Hai phng php truy nhp bus c th c p dng c lp hoc kt
hp l Token Passing v Master/ Slave.
Thi gian vng lp ti a 1 trm tch cc nhn li c Token c th
thay i bi cc tham s. Khong thi gian ny l c s cho vic tnh ton
chu k thi gian ca c h thng.

+ Cc dch v truyn s liu thuc lp 2 trong m hnh OSI (FDL) bao
gm 4 dch v:
- SDN (Send Data with No Acknowledge)
- SDA (Send Data with Acknowledge)
- SRD (Send and Request Data with Reply)
- CSRD (Cyclic Send and Request Data with Reply)
Dch v SDN ch yu dng trong gi ng flot (broadcast) hoc gi
ti nhiu ch (multi cast).
Dch v SDA v SRD l nhng dch v trao i d liu yu cu c s
tr li. Do tnh cht khng tun hon ca 2 dch v ny, thc hin mi
cuc trao i d liu u phi c yu cu t lp trn xung lp 2, thi gian
x l giao thc tng nn xut hiu sut truyn thng gim. Nn 2 dch v
ny c ng dng trong truyn s liu bnh thng.
Dch v CSRD l dch v trao i d liu tun hon vi mc ch h tr
vic trao i d liu qu trnh cp chp hnh, gia cc thit b cm bin,
Controller
PC PC
Controller
M
Drive Sensor Sensor Actuator
M
Drive
V
Transmiter
M
Drive Sensor
Hnh 2.4. Cu trc in hnh v h thng mng Profibus
c cu chp hnh v cc Module vo ra phn tn vi my tnh iu khin.
Nguyn tc hot ng ca n l: mt trm ch s hi tun t cc trm t v
yu cu v trao i d liu mt cch tun t. Do d liu trao i lun
lp 2, khin cho cc chng trnh ng dng trao i d liu c thc hin
hiu qu.
3.3. Cu trc khung truyn trong Profibus
C 3 loi khung c khong cch Hamming 4 v mt loi khung c
bit nh du Token c quy nh nh sau:
- Khung c chiu di thng tin c nh, khng mang d liu
SD1 DA SA FC FCS ED
- Khung c chiu di thng tin c nh, mang 8 byte d liu
SD3 DA SA FC DU FCS ED
- Khung c chiu di thng tin khc nhau, mang 1 - 246 byte d liu
SD2 LE LEr SD2 DA SA FC DU FCS ED

LE

- Token
SD4 DA SA

DA, SA, FC v DU c coi l phn mang thng tin, mi c chiu di
8 bit (tr DU). ngha cc trng trong khung c ch ra trn bng sau:
K hiu Tn
ngha
SD1...SD4 Start Delimiter Byte khi u phn bit cc loi khung:
SD1=10H, SD2=68H, SD3=A2H; SD4=DCH
LE Length Chiu di d liu (4- 249 byte)
LER Length Repeated Chiu di truyn li
DA Destination Address a ch trm nhn, t 0 127
SA Source Address a ch trm gi, t 0 127
DU Data Unit n v d liu
FC Frame Control Kim tra khung
FCS Frame Check
Sequence
Kim sot li
ED End Delimiter Byte kt thc, ED=16H
Bng 2.2. ngha cc trng trong khung

Do nhng u im v tnh nng hiu qu v thi gian trao i d liu
m Profibus-DP s c trnh by chi tit.
Profibus-DP v -FMS s dng phng thc truyn khng ng b, vic
ng b ho gia bn gi v bn nhn phi thc hin vi tng k t ... Mi
khung k t di 11 bt ( hnh 52).
Start bit LSB MSB Stop bit
0 a1 a2 ... a8 P 1

Data bit

Hnh 2.5. nh dng k t trong khung UART dng trong Profibus
3.4. Profibus-FMS
y l Bus h thng dng kt ni cc thit b cp iu khin gim
st vi nhau v vi cc thit b cp iu khin, do c im ca giao tip
gia cc cp ny m d liu c trao i ch yu vi tnh cht khng nh
k.
Thc cht ca lp ng dng bao gm 2 lp con l FMS v LLI (Lower
Layer Interface). Lp LLI c vai tr thch ng, chuyn cc dch v gia lp
FMS v lp FDL. Giao din gia lp FMS vi cc qu trnh ng dng c
thc hin bi lp ALI (Application Layer Interface).
FMS thc cht l mt tp con ca MMS (Munufacturing Message
Specification), y l mt chun giao thc v dch v thuc lp 7 ca m
hnh OSI c giao tip hng thng bo (Message-oriented communication)
c p dng rng ri trong cng nghip.
Giao tip hng i tng:
Profibus-FMS cho php thc hin giao tip hng i tng theo c
ch Client/Server. ngha ca giao tip hng i tng l quan im
thng nht trong giao tip d liu, khng ph thuc vo cc c im ca
nh sn xut thit b hay cc lnh vc ng dng c th.
Cc phn t c th truy cp c t mt trm trong mng, ai din cho
cc i tng thc hay cc bin qu trnh c gi l i tng. Vic truy
nhp vo i tng c th thc hin theo nhiu cch khc nhau, mt
phng php hiu qu l truy cp i tng thng qua tn hnh thc (nhn)
hay cn gi l cc Tag. Mi i tng c mt tn hnh thc phn bit thng
nht. Phng php ny th hin tnh trc quan, d theo di trong qu trnh
thc hin d n.
Thit b trng o (VFD - Virtual Field Device)
y l m hnh tru tng m t cc d liu, cu trc d liu v c
tnh ca mt thit b t ng ho di gc ca mt i tc giao tip. Mt
i tng VFD cha tt c cc i tng giao tip v danh mc m t cc
i tng giao tip c th truy cp qua cc dch v. Mt i tng VFD
c sp xp tng ng vi ng mt qu trnh ng dng.
Mt thit b thc c th cha nhiu i tng VFD, trong a ch
ca mi i tng c xc nh qua cc im u cui giao tip.
Quan h giao tip
Ngoi hnh thc gi ng lot v gi ti nhiu ch, vic trao i thng
tin trong Profibus-FMS lun c thc hin gia hai i tc truyn thng
di hnh thc c ni theo c ch Client/Server. Mt Client c hiu l
mt chng trnh ng dng gi yu cu truy nhp i tng. Cn Server
chnh l mt chng trnh cung cp cc dch v truyn thng thng qua cc
i tng. V nguyn tc chng trnh ng dng c th ng vai tr ca c
Client v Server.

3.5. Profibus-DP
c pht trin nhm p ng cc yu cu v trao i d liu gia cc
thit b cp trng vi cc thit b cp iu khin.
Vic trao i d liu ch yu thc hin theo c ch Master/ Slave,
ngoi ra Profibus DP cn h tr cc dch v truyn thng khng tun
hon, phc v tham s ho, vn hnh v chun on cc thit b trng
thng minh.
Cc hm DP c s (trong User Interface Layer) ch yu phc v trao
i d liu tun hon, thi gian thc th cc hm DP m rng li cung cp
cc dch v truyn s liu khng tun hon nh tham s thit b, thng tin
chun on...

3.5.1. Cu hnh h thng v quy tc hot ng
S trm ti a trong mng l 126, DP cho php s dng cu hnh 1 trm
ch (Mono Master) hoc nhiu ch (Multi Master). Trong cu hnh nhiu
ch, cc trm ch c th cng c d liu t cc trm t, nhng ch c 1
trm ch duy nht c a yu cu ti cc trm t.
Chun DP quy nh cc quy tc hot ng nhm m bo tnh tng
thch v kh nng thay th ln nhau ca thit b. Chng c xc nh
thng qua trng thi hot ng ca cc thit b ch.
CLEAR: Trm ch ly thng tin t cc trm t v gi cc u ra v tr
an ton.
OPERATE: Trm ch ch trao i d liu u vo v u ra tun
hon vi cc trm t. ng thi trm ch cng thng xuyn gi thng tin
trng thi ca n ti cc trm t s dng lnh gi ng lot vi cc khong
thi gian t trc.
STOP: Khng truyn s liu s dng gia trm ch v trm t, ch
xhun on.
3.5.2. Trao i d liu
Vic trao i d liu gia trm ch v trm t c thc hin mt cch
tun t theo quy trnh nh sn. Khi t cu hnh cho h thng Profibus, ta
c th nh ngha a ch cc trm t cho 1 trm ch ....
Trong mi chu k, trm ch c cc thng tin u vo ln lt t cc
trm t vo b nh m v truyn cc yu cu t b nh ny ra cc trm t
theo trnh t nh sn. Mi trm t ch cho php truyn/ nhn ti a 246
byte d liu.
Vi cc trm t, trm ch gi 1 yu cu v ch s tr li. Thi gian
trm ch cn x l 1 lt danh sch hi tun t gi l thi gian chu k
bus. Thi gian chu k bus phi nh hn chu k qut ca chu trnh iu
khin.
3.5.3. ng b ho d liu
Mt thit b ch c th ng b ho vic c cc u vo cng nh t
cc u ra bng vic gi ng thi cc thng bo ng b. Lnh iu khin
t ch ng b cho mt nhm trm t nh sau:
+ SYNC: a ra nhm trm t v ch ng b ho u ra. Trong
ch ny, u ra ca cc trm t c gi nguyn trng thi hin ti cho
n lnh SYNC tip theo, trongthi gian d liu u ra c lu trong
vng nh m ca trm t v ch khi nhn c lnh SYNC tip theo n
mi c a ra.
+ FREEZE: a 1 nhm cc trm t v ch ng b ho u vo,
ch ny cc trm t trong nhm c ch nh khng c php cp nht
vng nh m d liu u vo cho ti khi nhn c lnh FREEZE tip
theo, trong thi gian trm ch vn c gi tr u vo t cc trm t.
3.5.4. Chun on h thng
Cc hm chun on ca DP cho php nh v li 1 cch nhanh chng,
cc thng tin ny s c cp nht trm ch thng qua h thng bus
truyn. Cc thng bo c chia lm 3 lp.
Chun on trm: Thng bo lin quan n trng thi hot ng chung
ca trm.
Chun on Module: Thng bo ch th li nm khu vc no trn
Module.
Chun on knh: Nguyn nhn ca li thuc knh vo/ ra no ca h
thng.
3. 6. Profibus-PA (Process Automation)
y l loi Bus trng thch hp cho cc h thng iu khin dng
trong cc ngnh cng nghip d chy n. Thc cht n l h thng Bus m
rng ca Profibus-DP vi k thut truyn dn tn hiu cng ngun nui
(IEC 1158-2) ng thi cng a thm ra mt s quy nh c bit v thng
s v c tnh cho thit b trng.
Cc yu cu c th t ra cho mt giao din Profibus-PA an ton ring
bao gm:
- Mt on mng ch c php c mt ngun nui tch cc.
- Mi trm tiu th mt dng c s c nh (10mA) trng thi xc
lp.
- Mi trm c coi nh mt ti tiu th dng th ng
- Mi trm khi pht tn hiu i khng c np thm ngun vo
ng Bus.

4. ETHERNET (IEEE 802.3)
y l mt trong nhng chun ca mng cc b, da trn mng
Ethernet do Digital v Xorox hp tc v pht trin t nm 1980 (lc u gi
l DIX Ethenet 2.0 version 1.0 v n nm 1982 l version 2.0).
Ngy nay Ethernet ang ng vai tr quan trng trong cc h thng
thng tin cng nghip, bn cnh vic s dng cp i dy xon, cp ng
trc, cp quang l Ethernet khng dy
Thc cht Ethernet ch thc hin lp vt l v mt phn ca lp lin
kt d liu, do c th s dng cc giao thc khc nhau pha trn trong
TCP/IP l h giao thc c dng ph bin nht.
4.1. Cu trc mng v k thut truyn dn
Cu trc mng thng l dng Bus, mch vng khp kn v i khi l
hnh sao. Tng vt l ca Ethernet c chia lm 2 phn: Phn c lp vi
ng truyn c t giao din gia cc tng MAC v vt l (giao din ny
khng phi l yu cu bt buc ca chun nhng trong nhiu trng hp n
rt hu ch). Phn ph thuc ng truyn l bt buc phi c c t giao
din vi ng truyn, trong phn ny quy nh nhiu la chn khc nhau
cho kiu ng truyn, phng thc truyn v tc truyn.
Hin nay c cc phng n sau cho tng vt l vi cch t tn quy c
theo b 3:
- Tc truyn tin hiu (1, 10 hoc 100Mb/s)
- BASE (nu l Baseband) hoc BROAD (nu l Broadband)
- Ch nh c trng ng truyn
Mt s loi cp thng dng c trnh by trn bng sau:

STT K hiu Tc
truyn
(Mb/s)
Di truyn
ti
Loi cp Khong cch
truyn (m)
1 1BASE5 1 Baseband Cp UTP 500/topo hnh
sao
2 10BASE5 10 Baseband Cp ng
trc bo
(d>10mm),
50W
500/segment
topo dng bus
3 10BASE2 10 Baseband Cp ng
trc gy
185/segment
topo dng bus
4 10BASE-F
10BASE-
FL(Fiber Link)
10BASE-
FB(Backbone)
10BASE-
FP(Passive)
10 Baseband Cp quang 4000
5 10BROAD36 10 Broadband Cp ng
trc, 75W
1800/ topo
dng Bus
6 10BASE-T 10 Baseband Cp UTP 100/ topo
dng sao
7 100BASE-T 100 Baseband Cp UTP 100/ topo
dng sao

Bng 2.3. Mt s loi cp in hnh
Ethernet theo chun IEEE 802.3 s dng ch truyn ng b vi
phng thc m ho Manchester. Bt 0 tng ng vi sn ln v 1 l sn
xung.
4.2. C ch giao tip
Vic ng dng rng ri Ethernet mt phn v tnh nng m. Ethernet
ch quy nh lp vt l v lp MAC, cho php cc h thng khc nhau tu
thc hin cc giao thc v dch v pha trn. Mt khc phng php truy
cp CSMA/CD cho php b xung v loi b cc thnh vin tham gia trong
mng d dng.
Cc thnh vin tham gia trong mng Ethernet u c vai tr bnh ng,
chng c mt a ch ring bit, thng nht. Vic giao tip gia cc trm
c thc hin thng qua cc giao thc pha trn (chng hn nh NetBUI,
IPX/SPX, TCP/IP). Tu theo giao thc c th m a ch ca bn gi v bn
nhn trong khung truyn lp pha trn s c dch sang a ch Ethernet
trc khi chuyn xung lp MAC.
Bn cnh giao tip tay i Ethernet cn h tr phng php gi ng
lot hoc gi ti nhiu ch.
4.3. Cu trc khung truyn
Khun dng khung truyn c th hin trn hnh sau:

Preamble SFD DA SA Length LLC data PAD FCS

Hnh 2.6. Cu trc khung truyn trong Ethernet IEEE 802.3
Trong :
Preamble (7 byte): l phn u dng thit lp s ng b, n l dy
bt lun phin 1 v 0 kt thc l 0
SFD (Start Frame Delimiter): l dy bt 10101011, ch s bt u
thc s ca khung truyn.
DA (Destination Address) 2 byte hoc 6 byte: a ch trm ch, c th
la chn thng nht a ch l 16 bt hoc 48 bit
SA (Source Address): a ch trm ngun, c chiu di tng ng vi
a ch ch
Length (2 byte): ch di ca phn LLC data
LLC data: n v d liu ca LLC
PAD: Phn d liu thm vo vi mc ch pht hin xung t
FCS (Frame Check Sequence): M kim tra li CRC 32 bt cho tt c
cc vng tr Preamble, SFD v FCS.
Khun dng ca vng a ch 16 bt v 48 bt c ch ra trn hnh sau:
I/G 15 bt a ch
I/G = 0, a ch ring bit I/G = 1, a ch nhm
Hnh 2.7. Dng a ch 16 bit
I/G U/L 46 bt a ch
U/L = 0, Globally Administrered Address U/L =1, Locally Administrered Address
Hnh 2.8. Dng a ch 46 bit

4.4.Fast Ethernet
L s pht trin tip theo ca Ethernet cho php truyn vi tc
100Mb/s. m bo tnh tng thch vi mng c, ton b c ch giao
tip v kin trc giao thc c gi nguyn, ch c thi gian bit c gim
t 100ns xung 10ns. Do phng php ni mng x dng cp i dy xon
v b chia c u th vt tri nn cc mng Fast Ethernet khng h tr cp
ng trc. Cc loi cp chun cho Fast Ethernet c trnh by trn bng
sau:

STT K hiu Loi cp Chiu di ti a trong
on mng (m)
1 100BASE-T4 i dy xon hng 3 100
2 100BASE-TX i dy xon hng 5 100
3 100BASE-FX Cp quang 2000

Bng 2.4. Mt s loi cp thng dng dng trong Fast Ethernet
- Loi 100BASE-T4 x dng 4 i dy xon UTP hng 3. Di tn ca
cp ny b gii hn 25MHz, trong khi m Manchester s dng
trong Ethernet thng thng to tn s tn hiu cao gp i so vi tn
s nhp. t c tc truyn 100Mb/s, mt phng php m
ho bt vi tn hiu 3 mc thay v 2 mc c th hin y. ng
thi loi cp ny cng phi x dng ti 4 i dy xon (do c k
hiu l T4), trong mt i lun truyn tn hiu vo b chia, mt
i lun truyn ra v hai i c x dng linh hot theo chiu ang
truyn. Vi 3 i dy v 3 mc tn hiu, trong mt nhp c th truyn
c 4 bt, nng tc truyn ln 100Mb/s
- Vi loi 100BASE-TX, i dy xon hng 5 c x dng c kh
nng lm vic tn s nhp 125MHz v cao hn th. Vicj x dng 2
i dy xon cho php truyn 2 chiu ng thi. Khc vi loi cp
trn, mt phng php m ho bt 4B5B c x dng y. Dy bt
t khung MAC c m ho li thnh cc t hp 5 bit trn ng
truyn. Ch c 16 hoc 32 t hp biu din d liu, cc t hp cn li
c s dng cho nh du, iu khin v tn hiu phn cng
- Loi 100BASE-FX cho php truyn tn hiu 2 chiu s dng si
quang a modes, y l gii php thch hp cho cc ng dng i hi
khong cch truyn ln cng nh kh nng chng nhiu cao.
Chng 3. Kt ni cac thit b o lng va iu khin trong h thng mang

CHUONG 3
KT NI CC THIT BI O LUNG V IU KHIN
TRONG H THNG MANG
3.1. TNG QUAN CHUNG
a ra gii php kt ni cc thit b trong h thng mng hp l thc
cht l thc hin bi ton tch hp. Cn thit phi xt n cc yu t sau:
Bi ton cng ngh
y l mt nhim v quan trng trong tch hp h thng, cn thit phi
c cc hiu bit su sc la chn cc gii php ph hp, chng hn vi
mt ng dng c thi gian p ng nhanh th gii php truyn thng cng
phi tng thch v ngc li, do cn nm vng cng ngh trc khi thc
hin bi ton tch hp
Cc yu t k thut
Khi thit k h thng mng cng cn quan tm n tnh n nh, kh
nng lm vic lu di cng nh kh nng thay th ca cc thit b trong
mng...
Vn kinh t
y l vn cc k quan trng trong bt c thit k mng no. Vi
cc yu cu k thut ra c th p ng bng nhiu phng n nhng
phng n la chn phi l phng n ngoi vic tho mn cc yu cu v
cng ngh v k thut th phi tho mn yu cu v kinh t. Chng hn
trong mt nh my Xi mng n h thng mng dng ca Siemens vi cc
b iu khin PLC S7-400 nhng tt c cc Module I/O kt ni vi cc b
iu khin ny li l loi ca S7-300, thot nhin chng ta s rt ngc
nhin, ti sao khng ng b ho ??. Cu tr li l vn kinh t

3.2. GIAO DIN MANG
Giao din mng l mt thnh phn ghp ni chnh ca mt thit b vi
mi trng truyn thng, trong c phn cng v phn mm u c nhim
v quan trng. Mt thnh phn giao din mng c th c thc hin c
lp hoc tch hp vi thit b. Card giao din mng cho my tnh c nhn,
module x l truyn thng trn PLC hay cc module giao din mng trn
cc I/O phn tn.
3.2.1. Ghp ni PLC (Programable Logic Controller)
ghp ni cc PLC trong mng c th s dng cc Module truyn
thng ring hoc trc tip trn cc CPU c tch hp sn cc Module giao
din mng. Hnh sau trnh by v ghp ni ca PLC trong mng:

PS

CPU

IM

IM

IM

DI

DO

AI

AO

3.2.2. Ghp ni PC
Giao din trn PC cng c thc hin tng t nh PLC, chng c
thc hin theo cc cch sau:
- Card ghp ni qua khe cm ISA, PCI...
- B thch ng mng (Adapter) qua cng song song v ni tip
- Card PCMCIA
Card giao din mng
Trn Card thng c b vi x l m nhim chc nng x l giao thc,
tuy nhin phn x l ny c th l ton b hoc c san s cng vi phn
mm. Tuy nhin t tin cy cao trong cc cuc trao i tin cc Card
giao din thng c thit k c d phng.
B thch ng mng (Adaptor) qua cng song song v ni tip
B thch ng thng c s dng chuyn i tn hiu. Chng hn
khi giao tip vi PLC S7-200 thng qua cng truyn thng RS485 th cn c
b chuyn i RS485/RS232 ghp ni vi PC
Card PCMCIA
i vi my tnh xch tay khng c kh nng m rng qua cc khe
cm, bn cnh phng php s dng b thch ng mng, c th ghp ni
qua khe cm PCICIA vi kch c tng i nh. Phng php ny thch hp
vi cc my lp trnh (PG) dng t cu hnh, tham s ho v chun
on h thng
3.3. GHP NI CC THIT BI TRONG SIMATIC
1. Cc dch v truyn thng trong Profibus CP.
Bus h thng
Ethernet
Bus trng
Hnh 3.0. Giao din mng ca PLC
PLC
Trong qu trnh trao i thng tin dch v truyn thng ng vai tr rt
quan trng, Profibus a ra mt s dch v truyn thng nhm h tr cc
thit b trao i thng tin trn mng. Hnh sau trnh by v cc dch v
trong Profibus CP

Hnh 3.1. Cc dch v truyn thng ca Profibus CP

2. Kh nng truyn thng ca S7
Cc thit b tham gia mng trong Simatic rt phong ph v a dng v
chng loi, vic kt ni cc thit b ny i hi cn c cc giao din chung,
iu cng nh hng n kh nng truyn thng ca Simatic.

Hnh 3.2. Kh nng truyn thng ca Simatic S7

3. Truyn thng S7 vi Profibus
Nh trnh by trn phn trc, Profibus l h thng Bus c ng dng rt
ph bin trong cc ng dng ca Simatic, trong cc thit b tham gia trong
mng c th l PLC-S7-300, S7-400 cng nh cc PC v PG. Cu hnh truyn
thng ca S7 trong ng dng Profibus c trnh by trn hnh 5.3

Hnh 3.3. Truyn thng S7 vi Profibus
4. Cu hnh cho hot ng ca PG
Thc cht PG l mt my tnh cng nghip, nhng v tr quan trng ca n
li chnh l phn mm c ci t trong . y l cc phn mm c bn quyn
nh: Step 7- V5.2, WinCC ... Ni chung gi ca cc phn mm ny vt nhiu
ln gi ca phm cng. Thc t PG c dng lm cng c ci t phn mm,
t li cu hnh cho h thng cng nh tham gia vo tham s ho chun on...
Cu hnh hot ng ca PG c trnh by trn hnh 5.4

Hnh 3.4. Cu hnh cho hot ng ca PG
5. Cc i tc truyn thng trn kt ni FDL
Vic thc hin cc giao thc truyn thng trong Bus trng ch c
thc hin trn lp ln kt d liu (FDL) v trn lp vt l. Vic kt ni cc
i tc truyn thng trn kt ni FDL c ch ra trn hnh 5.5

Hnh 3.5. Cc i tc truyn thng trn kt ni FDL
6. Cc trm Slave ca Siemens v cc nh cung cp khc trn Profibus-DP
Profibus cung cp cc dch v cho cc thit b ch cng nh cho cc
thit b t trao i thng tin trong mng, v nguyn tc cc trm t ca
cc hng khc nhau hon ton c th trao i thng tin nu tun th cc
quy tc v th tc ca Profibus. Hnh sau m t mng truyn s liu ca cc
thit b t vi cc thit b ch

Hnh 3.6. Cc Slave ca Siemens v cc nh cung cp khc trn Profibus-DP

7. Cu hnh mng cho cc DP Slave cho Simatic S7

Hnh 3.7. Cu hnh mng cho cc DP Slave cho Simatic S7

8. Mng trong PCS7
PCS7 l h thng iu khin qu trnh ni ting ca Siemens hin nay,
chng c nhng tnh nng u vit v cht lng o lng v iu khin, kh
nng linh hot trong cc ng dng, tnh nng m...
im mu cht ca h PCS7 hin nay l ng dng ca mng truyn
thng s dng cc giao thc cng nghip, trong cc thit b thc hin
giao thc, x l giao thc c th c ni trong cng mt cu trc mng
hoc trong cu trc mng kt hp v thc hin cc giao thc cng loi hoc
kt hp. V tt nhin s c cc thit b thc hin vic chuyn i giao
thc . Hnh sau v d v cu hnh Simatic ca PCS7

Hnh 3.8. Cu hnh Simatic trong PCS7
a) Trm thit k k thut trong PCS7 (ENG)
Trm ny dng vi nhiu mc ch nh: nh ngha cc kt ni trong
h thng, thay i cu hnh cng nh phn vng qun l h thng... Kh
nng can thip trong h PCS7 ca ENG c trnh by trn hnh sau:

Hnh 3.9. Trm thit k k thut trong PCS7 (ENG)

Hnh sau m t kt ni Bus h thng trong PCS7 gia cc thit b Simatic

Hnh 3.10. Kt ni Bus h thng trong PCS7

Mt cu hnh mng in hnh s dng mi trng truyn dn cp
quang l s dng cu trc mng vng lp khp kn. Trong h thng mng
ca Simatic thng s dng cu hnh c d phng (Redandancy) nhm
nng cao tin cy ca h thng. Module thc hin qu trnh chuyn i
in /quang v quang/in trong Simatic l OLM (Optical Link Module).
Hnh 5.11 m t kt ni ny

Hnh 3.11. Kt ni vng lp khp kn c d phng

Trong mt s ng dng i hi tin cy cao vic s dng cc PLC c
s phng s lm tng tin cy. Hnh 5.12 trnh by v cu hnh d phng
ca PLC

Hnh 3.12. Cu hnh PLC c d phng

Ngoi vic kt ni c d phng s dng OLM, Simatic cn a ra gii
php s dng module OSM nhm nng cao kh nng lin kt cc i tc
truyn thng trong mng. Cu hnh ny c trnh by trn hnh 5.13


Hnh 3.13. Cu hnh mch vng s dng OSM
Tng hp cu trc phn tng, d phng c trnh by trn hnh 5.14

Hnh 3.14. Cu trc phn tng mng
Kt ni cc thit b trng ln cc thit b iu khin c trnh by trn
hnh 5.15. Trong cc thit b trng c th c kt ni theo cc giao
thc khc nhau

Hnh 3.15. Kt ni cc thit b trng ln cp iu khin

Truyn thng trong Profibus gia DP v PA c trnh by trn hnh sau:

Hnh 3.16. Truyn thng gia Profibus-DP v PA

Chng 4. Gii thiu h thng SIMATIC PCS 7
CH!NG 4
GI"I THI$U H$ TH'NG SIMATIC PCS 7

4.1 Cc thu*t ng- c0 b1n:
4.1.1 Truy3n thng (communications):
Truyn thng #$ ch& s) truyn d, li.u gi,a hai ho/c nhiu thnh ph2n
truyn thng v3i nhau, trong truyn thng ng*6i ta c th$ g8i #y l c:ng s)
(communications partner). Trao #;i < #y c th$ l l=y ho/c g<i thng tin, tr?ng
thi, tn hi.u
Qa trnh truyn thng c th$ x@y ra < nhiu #*6ng truyn khc nahu nh*:
c;ng truyn thng #*Ac tch hAp cng v3i CPU; b: xB l truyn thng ring cn
g8i l CP (communications processor); ngoi ra ng*6i ta cn hay sB dCng tE
Node #$ thay thF cho cc thnh ph2n ny. Xem v dC < hnh bn d*3i:

4.1.2 H5 th6ng truy3n thng c d9 phng (Redundant Communication
System):
L h. thGng c #: d) tr, c th$ tHng ln g=p #i #i khi c th$ g=p ba l2n
< t?i m:t sG CPU, nguIn cung c=p cho h. thGng #iu khi$n ho/c mi tr*6ng
truyn thng (cc bus truyn).
Hnh 4.1 Cc thnh ph2n trong truyn thng
Cc c4 chF gim st v #Ing b: ha sJ #*Ac #@m b@o nFu c m:t thnh
ph2n bK lMi th sJ c m:t thnh ph2n khc thay thF ngay (ty theo mOc #: d)
phng) m khng nh=t thiFt ph@i dEng
h. thGng #$ xB l, ch& c2n tch ra v
khPc phCc thnh ph2n bK lMi sau #=y #*a h. thGng tr< l?i ho?t #:ng nh* qu trnh
ci #/t ban #2u (v dC cc S7 400H cQa Siemens hay AC800M cQa ABB c c4
chF ny).

Vi.c d) phng ny < cc c=p #: khc nhau ty thu:c vo mOc #: quan
tr8ng cQa h. thGng, th)c tF ng*6i ta c th$ chia ra cc c=p #: nh* sau:
- R: d) phng nng (Host Standby): th6i gian chuy$n m?ch < 10 ms.
- R: d) phng =m: 10 ms < th6i gian chuy$n m?ch < 100 ms.
- R: d) phng l?nh (ngu:i): d) phng d?ng ny ph@i ngEng h. thGng trong
kho@ng th6i gian ngPn #$ thay thF thiFt bK.
Truy3n thng c tnh kh1 d:ng (s<n sng) cao (High - Availability
communication)
S7 400H l v dC minh h8a trong kFt nGi truyn thng ki$u ny. Truyn thng
ny mang l?i #: tin cSy, tHng nHng su=t trong s@n xu=t, gi@m th6i gian dEng my
khi b@o d*Tng hai khPc phCc s) cG Ng*Ac l?i gi thnh #2u t* r=t cao.
4.1.3 Cc nt (node) d9 tr-:
Ngoi cc v=n # d) phng v nguIn (PS), CPU, bus, CP cn c d) phng
v nt. Ki$u d) phng ny #*Ac th)c hin trong nh,ng h. thGng c #: d) phng
r=t cao #$ phCc vC cho vi.c thay thF ho/c nng c=p. Khi s) cG < nt m?ng no #
th khng lm @nh h*<ng #Fn cc nt khc trong m?ng.
4.1.4 Tr?m (Station):
Tr?m l m:t thiFt bK kFt nGi vo trong m:t subnet no # hay l s) lin kFt
gi,a cc subnet v3i nhau (Gateway sB dCng PLC ho/c PC), n ph@i c ring m:t

b. D) phng Server, CPU AC800 v cc bus
truyn thng trong kFt nGi cQa ABB

a. D) phng CPU v bus truyn
thng trong kFt nGi cQa S7 400H
#Ka ch& khi kFt nGi vo trong m?ng. V dC tr?m < #y c th$ l: PC, PLC, PG, OP,
TD, CP
4.1.5 M?ng con (subnet):
Subnet l ton b: cc thnh ph2n vSt l, chuUn, giao thOc, dKch vC #Ing
nh=t #$ th)c hi.n m:t kFt nGi thGng nh=t #$ phCc vC cho vi.c trao #;i v qu@n l
d, li.u.
Cc kFt nGi gi,a cc tr?m nGi vo subnet khng #i qua gateway. M:t
subnet #*Ac coi l m:t mi tr*6ng truyn thng. V dC nh* subnet # l: MPI,
Profibus, Ethernet, Modbus . . .
MMi subnet c m:t subnetID duy nh=t.
Hnh x.x c ba subnet (1 subnet MPI, 2 subnet Profibus DP), cc S7 400
lm nhi.m vC #iu khi$n v qu@n l hai subnet Profibus DP vEa lm nhi.m vC
cQa gateway #$ lin kFt ba subnet l?i v3i nhau.
4.1.6 M?ng (Network):
M?ng bao gIm m:t ho/c nhiu subnet (cng lo?i ho/c khc lo?i) lin kFt
l?i v3i nhau. V dC trn cc hnh 4.1, 4.2 g8i l m?ng.
4.1.7 Gateway:
Gateway l thiFt bK sB dCng #$ kFt nGi cc subnet l?i v3i nhau. N c th$
lin kFt cc subnet giGng ho/c khc nhau. Nh* vSy m?ng c nhiu h4n m:t
subnet th c2n ph@i c gateway. V dC nh,ng gateway sau #y th*6ng #*Ac sB
dCng:
- Modul E/P #*Ac sB dCng #$ lin kFt hai subnet khc nhau l Ethernet v
Profibus DP.

Hnh 4.2 V dC minh v cc subnet v cc lin kFt gi,a chng
- Modul IM 157 sB dCng #$ lin kFt hai subnet khc nhau l Profibus DP v
Profibus PA.
- DP/AS-i Link sB dCng #$ lin kFt IM 157 sB dCng #$ lin kFt hai subnet khc
nhau l Profibus DP v AS-i.
- Gateway 3WN6 thiFt bK sB dCng #$ chuy$n m?ch trong Profibus DP.
- ET 200U DP/FMS sB dCng #$ lin kFt hai subnet khc nhau l Profibus DP v
Profibus FMS.
Ngoi ra cc modul CP, PLC v PC #i khi cVng #ng vai tr cQa m:t
gateway. Xem hnh v dC bn d*3i:

4.1.8 B@ ABnh tuyDn (Routing ):
Nh,ng gateway c2n c thng tin #$ xc #Knh #*6ng #i qua cc kFt nGi tE
subnet ny sang cc subnet khc. Trong khung truyn #=y l m:t b@ng ch& #*6ng
(routing table) #$ xc #Knh #Ka ch& #ch l cc c:ng s) truyn thng
(communications partners). Chnh c4 chF ny cQa n m ng*6i ta g8i n l
routing (#Knh tuyFn).
C hai lo?i routing # l routing tWnh v routing #:ng (routing thch nghi).
RGi v3i cc routing tWnh th cc thng tin trong b@ng (routing table) l khng #;i,
n lm nhi.m vC ch& dXn #$ #i #Fn cc subnet kF. RGi v3i routing #:ng th cc
tham sG trong # sJ thay #;i nFu c s) tham gia vo ho/c cPt b3t c:ng s) truyn
thng trong m?ng m:t cch t) #:ng. Tnh nHng ny r=t quan tr8ng #Gi v3i m:t sG
nh my s@n xu=t c tnh ch=t lin tCc h?n chF tGi #a th6i gian v sG l2n dEng h.
thGng, v dC nh* nh my thp; nh my #i.n; nh my xi mHng; nh my l8c
d2u
4.1.9 Khch/chE (Client/server):
Khi ni.n v Khch/chQ #*a ra nhYm #$ xc #Knh chOc nHng sB dCng hay
qu@n l d, li.u. Vi.c ny gip cho vi.c phn #Knh cng vi.c m:t cch r rng, dZ
tch hAp, b@o d*Tng v nng c=p h4n. THng #*Ac hi.u su=t cng vi.c, gi@m gi
thnh tch hAp v tGi *u ha th6i gian th)c thi cng vi.c, #iu ny cVng c nghWa
l tnh nHng th6i gian th)c (real-time) cVng sJ #*Ac c@i thi.n h4n.

Hnh 4.3 Ln kFt gi,a Profibus DP v Profibus PA sB modul IM 157
Server:
Trch nhi.m cQa Server l qu@n l, l*u tr, d, li.u, #@m b@o cc dKch vC
truyn thng, c=u trc v sG l*Ang kFt nGi. Nng cao #: tin cSy trong h. thGng
(tnh kh@ dCng).
Client:
ChOc nHng chQ yFu cQa client l sB dCng thng tin, ngoi ra cn c xB l
thng tin #$ gi@m b3t gnh n/ng cho Server (tnh nHng ny l h2u hFt trong cc
m?ng TTCN). Gip cho Server dZ dng h4n trong vi.c truy cSp h. thGng m
khng c2n ph@i phn bG chi tiFt th6i gian, d, li.u
4.1.10 ChE/tF (Master/Slave):
Khi ni.m chQ t3 th*6ng r=t hay g/p khi tiFn hnh tch hAp m?ng TTCN.
Chng ta c th$ lin t*<ng #Fn quan h. gi,a Cleint/Server < trn nh*ng khi
ni.m Master/Slave < c=p #: nh[ h4n nhiu. V dC trong kFt nGi gi,a PLC S7300
ho/c S7 400 v3i cc m #un phn tn ET 200 thng qua subnet Profibus DP th
CPU cQa PLC #ng vai tr l Master cn cc m #un phn tn ET 200 l cc
Slave.
4.2 GiFi thi5u cc phGn m3m thu@c gi phGn m3m STEP 7:
Tr*3c khi bPt #2u v3i ph2n mm ny chng ta #i t;ng quan v gi ph2n
mm STEP 7. Trong # c cc ph2n mm sau:
- Configure SIMATIC Workspace
- Converting S5 file
- LAD, STL, FBD - Programming S7 Blocks
- Memory Card Parameter Assignment
- PID Control Parameter Assignment
- S7 - GRAPH - Programming Sequential Control System
- S7 - DIAG - Configurating Proccess Diagnotics
- Setting the PG-PC Interface
- TI 405 - S7 Converting TI File
- TI 505 - S7 Converting TI File
- NetPro - Configuring Networks
4.2.1 Configure SIMATIC Workspace:
\ #y, b?n c th$ ci #/t SIMATIC STEP 7 Workstation #$ chuUn bK
cho qu trnh lm vi.c v3i cc d) n cQa STEP 7 v cc STEP 7 Workatation
khc.
- Workstation c hai lo?i:
+ Single Terminal: v3i ci #/t ny, b?n ch& lm vi.c #*Ac trn duy nh=t
m:t d) n STEP 7.
+ Multi - Terminal System: v3i vi.c ci #/t ny, nh,ng d) n cQa b?n c
th$ #*Ac so?n th@o tE tSp hAp nhiu Workstation khc nhau. D) nn #
thng th*6ng nYm trn File cQa Server ho/c trn m:t nhm Workstation.
T=t c@ cc station trong nhm (workgroup) c th$ truy cSp vo n.
- ChuHn giao thJc #*Ac sB dCng #$ thiFt lSp m:t h. thGng v3i Multi - terminal,
cc chuUn giao thOc ny l ngn ng, chung chung #$ truyn thng gi,a cc
Workstation v3i nhau. Cc ci #/t v3i chuUn giao thOc nn tun theo tiu chuUn
chung thGng nh=t cQa quGc tF. C cc chuUn sau #y #*Ac thiFt lSp cho h. thGng
m?ng cQa b?n thng qua ph2n mm ny:
+ NetBIOS
+ IPX/SPX
+ TCP/IP (v3i ci #/t ny sJ c m:t c=u hnh TCP/IP cho Multi - User
#*Ac thiFt lSp)
- Trong h5 th6ng Multi - User (hay Multi - terminal) bao gIm cc thnh ph2n
chnh l DB server v DP client.
+ DB server: ch& sB dCng #Ka ch& host
Khi thiFt lSp #Ka ch& cho DB server, ph2n mm # m/c #Knh cho
nn b?n khng c2n ph@i t?o ra #Ka ch& m3i ho/c l #*a thm #Ka ch& no
n,a. DB server sJ sB dCng t=t c@ cc #Ka ch& IP ti.n lAi ny.
NFu nhiu h4n m:t m?ng #*Ac thiFt lSp, b?n c th$ #*a #Ka ch&
host cho nh,ng m?ng # v lc # cc DB server nn lm vi.c #:c lSp.
+ V dC cho truyn d, li.u v3i kho@ng cch di (long - distance):
NFu DB server ho?t #:ng trong m?ng v3i kho@ng cch di, #2u tin
b?n ph@i dEng DB server tr*3c khi th)c hi.n vi.c kFt nGi v l # b?n
#@m b@o rYng cc kFt nGi ph@i #@m b@o tun theo chuUn giao thOc TCP/IP.
TGt nh=t l cc #Ka ch& m b?n =n #Knh trong m?ng nn qu@n l trn
m:t file no # #$ ti.n cho vi.c qu@n l #$ trnh s) nh2m lXn v trng l/p.
B?n nn l*u #Fn chOc nHng default setting cQa ph2n mm trong qu
trnh #Knh #Ka ch& cho cc DB client.

Cu trc IP xem thm trang 20 trong gio trnh thi$t k$ v xy d&ng
m)ng LAN v WAN.
- CKu hnh cEa Multi - User trong m?ng:
V3i STEP 7, b?n c th$ lm vi.c trong mi tr*6ng Windows 2000/XP v
NT/2000 server. T*4ng Ong v3i mMi Workstation b?n c th$ lm vi.c t*4ng Ong
v3i cc Project < nh,ng d?ng sau:

Hnh 4.4 ThiFt lSp #Ka ch& host cho DB server
+ Project trn m:t Workstation no # cVng co th$ #*Ac sB dCng b<i cc
Workstation khc. Xem v dC < hnh 4.5, Workstation 1 v Workstation
2 truy cSp vo Project A trn Workstation 1.
+ Cc Workstation khc v th$ truy cSp vo Project trn server. Xem v dC
< hnh 4.5, Workstation 1 v Workstation 2 c th$ truy cSp vo Project C
trn server cQa m?ng #.
+ Cc Project l #*Ac phn bG t?i cc Workstation hay server trong m?ng
c m:t ho/c nhiu h4n m:t server. Xem v dC < hnh 4.5, Workstation 1
v Workstation 2 c th$ truy cSp vo cc Project A, B, C.

4.2.2 Converting S5 file:
Ph2n mm ny c chOc nHng chuy$n #;i cc File #*Ac so?n th@o trn
STEP 5 (thF h. cV) sang d?ng File khc m File # hon ton c th$ so?n th@o l?i
v c th$ lm vi.c #*Ac trong mi tr*6ng STEP 7.
V3i m:t nh,ng thao tc #4n gi@n l:
- Kh<i #:ng ph2n mm Converting S5 file
- Vo File/Open
- Ch8n File S5 m b?n muGn chuy$n #;i
4.2.3 LAD, STL, FBD - Programming S7 Blocks:
Trn ph2n mm ny chng ta c th$ t?o lSp cc Project cho PLC S7 - 300
ho/c S7 - 400 bYng m:t trong 3 ngn ng, LAD, STL, FBD. Ngoi ra chng c
th$ kh<i #:ng ph2n mm ny tE SIMATIC Manager.
4.2.4 Memory Card Parameter Assignment:
\ #y b?n c th$ ch& #Knh #*Ac giao di.n m thiFt bK lSp cQa b?n c th$ sB
dCng #$ l*u tr, ch*4ng trnh ng*6i sB dCng trn card nh3 cho PLC thu:c S7.
4.2.5 PID Control Parameter Assignment:
Trn ph2n mm ny gip chng ta thiFt lSp cc qu trnh #iu khi$n vng
kn cn g8i l PID cho cc Ong dCng #iu khi$n ;n #Knh. Vi.c thiFt lSp ch*4ng
trnh ny d)a vo hai khGi:
+ OB41 c chOc nHng #iu khi$n lin tCc (continuou)
+ OB42 c chOc nHng #iu khi$n mOc (step)

Hnh 4.5 Nhm server ch?y trn h. #iu hnh Window NT
4.2.6 S7 - GRAPH - Programming Sequential Control System
Ph2n mm ny Ong dCng cho cc ch*4ng trnh m c gi@i thuSt (thuSt
ton) d*3i d?ng tu2n t) (Sequential) viFt d*3i d?ng graph m chng ta th*6ng
hay g8i l ngn ng, grafcet (tham kh@o ch'*ng 1 thu:c gio trnh +i,u khi-n
Logic). N l m:t d?ng ngn ng, lSp trnh ti.n lAi bn c?nh 3 ngn ng, lSp trnh
c4 b@n cho PLC S7 m chng ta th*6ng hay g/p. Ti.n lAi < chM l ch*4ng trnh
ngPn g8n, hon ton bYng #I h8a, c th$ chuy$n m:t cch dZ dng t*4ng Ong tE
d?ng l*u #I thuSt ton
V dC v vi.c quan st tr?ng thi tn hi.u cQa cc #Ka ch& thu:c vng nh3
vo, ra v cc bit nh3 < cc vng khc:

Trong b*3c trn, tr?ng thi cQa tn hi.u trong qu trnh ho?t #:ng cQa
ch*4ng trnh l #*Ac hi$n thK. Tr?ng thi cQa tn hi.u t*4ng Ong v3i cc #Ka ch&
(vo, ra v cc #Ka ch& nh3 khc) l #*Ac xc #Knh t?i vK tr nh,ng d=u ch=m h[i
(???) cQa cc ho?t #:ng m:t cch ring l^. Riu ny c nghWa l khng hon ton
cc ho?t #:ng cQa cc b*3c l #*Ac hi$n thK. R/c bi.t cc #Ka ch& d?ng Boolean l
#*Ac hi$n thK trong tr?ng thi ny. Gi trK cc #Ka ch& khc #*Ac hi$n thK chi tiFt
trong cQa s; cQa b@ng #Ka ch&. NFu c kha lin #:ng #*Ac g8i th kha #=y
khng hi$n thK tr?ng thi. Bn d*3i l m:t v dC #$ m t@ vi.c lSp trnh tu2n t*h
thng qua ngn ng, lSp trnh Graph ny. Phn ny s# &'(c trnh by k+ h)n
trong cc chuyn &- &i-u khi.n cc qu trnh cng ngh0!

Hnh 4.6 M t@ b*3c chuy$n tr?ng thi cQa ch*4ng trnh trn GRAPH


4.2.7 S7 - DIAG - Configurating Proccess Diagnotics
S7 PDIAG #*Ac sB dCng #$ t?o ra nh,ng #Knh nghWa lMi, t?o cho ng*6i sB
dCng ti.n lAi trong qu trnh gim st h. thGng. Qa trnh chuUn #on ny sJ xc
#Knh ki$u thng tin v lMi, vK tr lMi v cc c@nh bo cQa lMi. Nh,ng d, li.u cQa
chuUn #on l thng tin quan tr8ng gip cho vi.c xB l s) cG. Nh,ng thuSn lAi
m ch*4ng trnh ny mang l?i:
- LMi qu trnh (Process errors) c th$ #*Ac nhSn ra r rng v nhanh
chng.
- Gi@m b3t th6i gian dEng h. thGng do lMi do # sJ tHng #*Ac nHng su=t.
- Nh,ng thhng tin r rng #*Ac t?o ra cho qu trnh xB l s) cG
(troubleshooting) lm cho qu trnh xB l sJ tr< nn dZ dng h4n.
- Tu;i th8 cQa h. thGng #*Ac tHng ln #ng k$.
4.2.8 Setting the PG-PC Interface
B=t cO my tnh no tham gia vo m?ng #i h[i ph@i c m:t giao di.n
m?ng #*Ac thiFt lSp. Ph2n mm ny sJ gip ng*6i sB dCng t?o ra nh,ng giao
di.n #$ th)c hi.n cc kFt nGi t*4ng Ong vo cc m?ng khc nhau nh* (PPI, MPI,
PROFIBUS, ETHERNET).
4.2.9 TI 405 - S7 Converting TI File
Ch*4ng trnh TISOFT405 #*Ac l*u tr, m:t ho/c nhiu file. Nh,ng file

ny #*Ac #Knh d?ng trong m:t th* vi.n cQa DOS. Chng khng ph@i l nh,ng
file vHn b@n. Vi.c l*u tr, NAME cQa ch*4ng trnh TISOFT405 l #*Ac lin kFt
v3i m:t file NAME.VPU. Nh,ng file khc nh* l NAME.CMT cVng #*Ac lin
kFt v3i ch*4ng trnh NAME.
Qa trnh chuy$n #;i #i h[i ph@i #8c thng tin tE cc file lin kFt v t?o
ra nh,ng file text t*4ng #*4ng v3i nh,ng l.nh cQa STEP 7. Nh* vSy #2u ra cQa
cc file text l #2u vo cQa STEP 7 Program Editor. Ban #2u sau khi chuy$n,
ch*4ng trnh ny < d?ng statementlist, sau # chng ta c th$ chuy$n sang d?ng
LAD ho/c FBD nFu c th$.
Nh* vSy ch*4ng trnh ny ch& c nghWa khi cc b?n muGn chuy$n file
#*Ac thiFt lSp trn nh,ng PLC qu cV t?i cc nh my m sB dCng thiFt bK cQa
hng Siemens (c th$ xem nh* l #6i STEP 4) sang ngn ng, lSp trnh STEP 7
#$ c th$ thao tc tr)c tiFp nh*: thay #;i #Ka ch&, nng c=p ch*4ng trnh hay nng
c=p CPU
4.2.10 TI 505 - S7 Converting TI File
Ch*4ng trnh ny cVng c mCc #ch giGng nh* ch*4ng trnh #*Ac trnh
by < mCc 4.2.1.9 nh*ng #Gi v3i #6i STEP 5.
4.2.11 NetPro - Configuring Networks
Ch*4ng trnh ny l ch*4ng trnh quan tr8ng nh=t trong t=t c@ cc ch*4ng
trnh #*Ac nu ra trn #y. N gip cho chng ta c th$ thiFt lSp c=u hnh cQa
m?ng truyn thng (SCADA ho/c DCS) sB dCng cc th* vi.n thiFt bK v chuUn
giao thOc # #*Ac xy d)ng s_n trn #. Ph2n ny sJ trnh by k` trong ch*4ng
5.
4.3 M hnh h5 th6ng PCS 7:
C th$ ni PCS 7 l m:t triFt l v m:t h. thGng #iu khi$n, n t?o ra
nh,ng Ong dCng cho b: #iu khi$n logic lSp trnh #*Ac (PLC), Ong dCng cho h.
thGng xB l qu trnh. N l h. c4 b@n cQa SIMATIC S7.
PCS 7 l m:t h. thGng chuUn v c=u trc do # c th$ xy d)ng m:t h.
thGng c gi@i php t) #:ng < c=p th=p, trung bnh ho/c c=p cao. TE c=p #4n gi@n
#Fn c=p phOc t?p nh=t m cc nh my yu c2u. Ni chung PCS 7 l h. thGng t)
#:ng ha qu trnh mm dô, cung c=p gi@i php m:t cch ty ch8n cho ng*6i sB
dCng.
1i-u ny s# mang l3i nh4ng 'u &i.m n5i b7t nh':
- Cng m:t ph2n cOng sB dCng trong nh my v PLC v #iu khi$n qu
trnh.
- SIMATIC 7 # cSp #Fn s) kFt hAp #$ t?o nn m:t h. thGng T) #:ng ha
di.n r:ng.
- S) phn bG cQa h. SIMATIC 7 trn ton thF gi3i l m:t minh chOng cho
vi.c lPp #/t, dKch vC v b@o d*Tng cQa n.
- Tnh an ton cao v #Ing b:.

4.3.1 Tr?m Engineering System (ES):
TE tr?m ES ny, ng*6i sB dCng c th$ thiFt lSp, thay #;i cc thng sG cQa
cc tr?m #*Ac kFt nGi vo trong m?ng. Th*6ng trong cc nh my cT trung bnh
v l3n #u c cc tr?m ES ny. Ngoi nh,ng chOc nHng trn, tr?m ES cn c th$
ch?y cc gi ph2n mm c=u thnh nn tr?m OS.
SIMATIC PCS 7 cung c=p m:t gi@i php ES ton di.n cho vi.c thiFt lSp
c=u hnh cho t3i gim st h. thGng PCS, hM trA cho vi.c xB l cc d) n nh my
v m?ng di.n r:ng.

Hnh 4.7 M hnh mXu cQa h. thGng PCS 7
4.3.2 H5 th6ng giao di5n v*n hnh OS (Operator Interface System):
Trong h. thGng PCS 7, giao di.n vSn hnh hay cn g8i l HMI (Human
Mechain Interface) c4 b@n l trn WinCC (Windows Control Center). H. thGng
c nh,ng ki$u sau:
- Stand-alone-system
- Multi-user-system

Stand-alone-system:

Hnh 4.8 Gi3i h?n m tr?m ES c th$ qu@n l #*Ac

Hnh 4.9 M hnh kFt nGi cQa h. thGng Stand-alone v Multi-user
H. thGng Stand-alone l h. thGng m:t knh, h. thGng # #*Ac kFt nGi t3i
h. thGng bus thng qua m #un giao di.n CP. NFu tr*6ng hAp nhiu h4n m:t
knh #*Ac yu c2u, th vi h. thGng Stand-alone #*Ac cung c=p, #y l s) kFt nGi
mm dô trn cng m:t h. thGng bus m mMi tr?m OS lm vi.c cho chnh n,
#iu ny c nghWa l khng c s) lo?i trE lXn nhau gi,a cc OS Stand-alone.
Multi-user-system:
H. thGng Multi-user bao gIm vi OS client, #iu # c nghWa l d, li.u sJ
#*Ac cung c=p tE m:t OS server thng qua terminal bus (bus #2u cuGi). Bus ny
l bus Ethernet, n #:c lSp v3i bus h. thGng v #*Ac sB dCng ring bi.t cho
nh,ng ki$u truyn thng sau:

- OS server b OS client

Hnh 4.10 KFt nGi gi,a hai OS Stand-alone trn cng h. thGng bus

Hnh 4.11 C=u hnh cQa h. thGng Multi-user
- OS server b Engineering system
- OS server b Host computer
OS server chKu trch nhi.m trao #;i d, li.u gi,a PLC v3i cc OS client,
#Ing th6i c nhi.m vC l*u tr, phn chia nhi.m vC, mOc #: truy cSp
H. thGng Multi-user l c=u hnh c4 b@n cQa client-server. D)a theo
nguyn tPc c=u hnh cQa client-server, OS cQa PCS 7 c th$ #*Ac c2u hnh theo
cc nguyn tPc sau:
- Client ho/c
- Multiclient
l ty thu:c vo yu c2u.
KiDn trc Client-Server: l kiFn trc #*Ac c=u thnh b<i vi OS client trn
m:t OS server. Server # chKu trch nhi.m tryun thng v3i cc PLC thng qua
bus h. thGng. M:t OS server cQa h. thGng PCS 7 c th$ cung c=p t3i 16 OS
client. Server ny cVng c th$ #*Ac c=u hnh theo h. d) phng (redundant).
KiDn trc Server - Multi-Client: Multi-client l nh,ng client c th$ truy cSp
d, li.u (d, li.u d) n, gi trK cQa cc biFn qu trnh hay nhSt k vSn hnh) #Ing
th6i cQa vi OS server khc nhau. Ngoi ra cVng cn c th$ c=u hnh theo d, li.u
cCc b: (c nghWa l ch& cung c=p #*Ac cho vi OS client nh=t #Knh). Cc Server
ny cVng c th$ #*Ac c=u hnh theo h. d) phng (redundant).
H5 th6ng phn tn (Distributed System): KiFn trc multi-client cVng c th$
t?o ra m:t h. thGng phn tn trn cc server, nghWa l nhi.m vC cQa cc server c
th$ #@m nhi.m theo tEng cng #o?n cQa nh my (trong tr*6ng hAp #Gi v3i
nh,ng nh my l3n). H. thGng phn tn ny t*4ng xOng v3i h. thGng c=p bSc
trong c=u hnh PLC. Riu thuSn lAi cQa h. thGng phn tn l mMi cng #o?n cQa
nh my #*Ac ho?t #:ng #:c lSp, kFt qu@ l n t?o nn nh,ng h. thGng c tc vC
#iu khi$n l3n v phOc t?p h4n nhiu so v3i cc h. thGng thng th*6ng (v dC
nh* nh my l8c ha d2u, xi mHng). PCS 7 hM trA multi-client truy cSp ln t3i
6 server, trong # m:t server c th$ #@m nhi.m t3i 16 client ho/c multi-client.
Nh,ng stand-alone v multi-client c th$ sB dCng cng v3i nhau.

PhGn m3m Ai3u khiLn qu trnh trn cc OS:
Ph2n mm #iu khi$n qu trnh #*Ac t?o ra bYng cch sB dCng WinCC.
Ph2n mm ny cung c=p cc chOc nHng cho nh,ng tc vC #iu khi$n qu trnh
hon h@o. Riu ny sJ tiFt ki.m r=t nhiu th6i gian cho cc k` s* h. thGng.

4.3.3 Bus h5 th6ng sM d:ng vFi PCS 7:
H. thGng #iu khi$n qu trnh PCS 7 SIMATIC sB dCng cc m?ng truyn
thng cng nghi.p SIMATIC NET. T=t c@ cc s@n phUm SIMATIC NET # v
#ang #*Ac pht tri$n m:t cch #/c bi.t cho cc ngnh cng nghi.p. Chng #
#*Ac chng minh nh,ng kh@ nHng #/c bi.t cQa mnh d*3i tc #:ng cQa #i.n tE
tr*6ng, s) xm h?i cQa ch=t l[ng v p su=t, mi tr*6ng nhiZm, ch=t ha h8c ...
Nh,ng bus h. thGng tE h8 gia #nh SIMATIC NETWORK v3i h. thGng
#iu khi$n qu trnh PCS 7:.
- Fast Industrial Ethernet
- Industrial Ethernet (SINEC H1)
- PROFIBUS (FMS)
- PROFIBUS-DP
- PROFIBUS-PA
- AS-Interface
H. thGng cc bus ny d)a trn c4 s< truyn thng tin bYng tn hi.u #i.n v
quang, Nh,ng mi tr*6ng sau #y #*Ac sB dCng v3i PCS 7:
- Cp #i dy v/n xoPn ITP (Industrial Twisted Pair)
- Cp #Ing trCc (Triaxial/coaxial cable)_Ch& sB dCng cho Ethernet
10Mbps
- Cp quang (Fiber-optic cable)

Hnh 4.12 Mn hnh giao di.n trn OS client thng qua WinCC
Bus h. thGng #*Ac xem nh* #*6ng x*4ng sGng cQa h. thGng #iu khi$n
qu trnh (v n kFt nGi t=t t=t c@ cc thnh ph2n nh* PLC, ES, OS). Cc bus h.
thGng n;i bSc:
- Fast Industrial
- Industrial Ethernet
- PROFIBUS
S) thay #;i ki$u bus, kiFn trc, mi tr*6ng #*Ac hM trA m:t cch mm
dô. Cc thng sG c4 b@n trn cc h. thGng bus ny:
- SG tr?m kFt nGi tE hai #Fn vi trHm tr?m
- Kho@ng cch tE 50 m #Fn 150 km
- TGc #: tE 1.5 Mbps #Fn 100 Mbps
- ChKu #*Ac nhiZu #i.n tE v tiFng In
- C th$ kFt nGi theo h. d) phng (redundancy)
Industrial Ethernet:
Industrial Ethernet (SINEC H1) l bus h. thGng d) kiFn cho SIMATIC
PCS 7. Industrial Ethernet d)a theo chuUn IEEE 802.3. V3i tGc #: truyn d, li.u
ln t3i 10 Mbps v3i vi trHm tr?m c th$ #*Ac kFt nGi vo bus ny.
Bus Industrial Ethernet c th$ #*Ac kFt nGi v3i cc thnh ph2n cQa h.
thGng PCS 7 nh* sau:
- Cc PLC (thng qua m #un giao di.n truyn thng CP 343-1 #Gi v3i S7
300 ho/c CP 443-1 #Gi v3i S7 400)
- OS Server, stand-alone OS, ES, client thng qua giao di.n l card m?ng
CP 1613
M Aun OLM (Optical Link Module):
OLM r=t thuSn lAi trong c=u hnh m?ng Ethernet cng nghi.p. N cho
php b?n kFt nGi kiFn trc m?ng m:t cch mm dô thng qua 3 kFt nGi #i dy
v/n xoPn ITP (industrial twisted pair) v hai kFt nGi cp quang (fiber-optic
cable). Thng qua b: OLM ny b?n c th$ t?o ra cc kFt nGi d) phng #$ nng
cao #: an ton cQa h. thGng thng qua cc kFt nGi #i.n ho/c quang, sau #y l

Hnh 4.13 KFt nGi sB dCng m #un OLM trong h. thGng redundant Ethernet
m:t v dC:
Ngoi Ethernet ra cn c Fast Ethernet, trong bus ny tGc #: truyn d,
li.u c th$ thay #;i tE 10 Mbps #Fn 100 Mbps. Ph*4ng thOc truy cSp m?ng theo
CSMA/CD v sG tr?m kFt nGi vo bus ny l khng gi3i h?n. Cc mi tr*6ng
truyn thng #Gi v3i bus ny c4 b@n giGng nh* Ethernet
Cng ngh. chuy$n m?ch v3i OSM (Optical Switch Modules):
C=u hnh chnh cQa m?ng Fast Ethernet c4 b@n d)a trn mi tr*6ng quang
h8c. OSM cho php b?n c=u hnh cho m?ng Ethernet cng nghi.p v3i cng ngh.
chuy$n m?ch trong mi tr*6ng ITP (tGc #: truyn ln #Fn 10 Mbps) v trong mi
tr*6ng quang h8c (tGc #: ln t3i 100 Mbps). Vi.c sB dCng OSM lm #4n gi@n v
thuSn ti.n trong v=n # c=u hnh m?ng m< r:ng. Trong cng m:t kho@ng th6i
gian b?n c th$ b; sung m:t sG l*Ang l3n cc m?ng v3i nhiu tr?m m khng g/p
ph@i v=n # kh khHn no. M:t OSM c 6 terminal cho cp #i dy v/n xoPn v
2 terminal cho cp quang (OSM m t@ < #y v3i version 2, cn cc version tiFp
theo b?n #8c c th$ tra cOu thm khi sB dCng n).

Chng ta c th$ phGi hAp gi,a m #un OLM v3i m #un OSM trong h.
thGng d) phng d?ng vng v3i nhiu c=p bSc, d*3i #y l v dC v s) phGi hAp
ny:

Hnh 4.14 M t@ kFt nGi sB dCng m #un OSM trong h. thGng redundant Ethernet

Hnh 4.15 H. thGng c=p bSc c s) phGi hAp gi,a OLM v OSM

Frofibus:
SB dCng bus Frofibus lm bus h. thGng cho nh,ng Ong dCng c c=p #: tE
nh[ #Fn trung bnh v3i yu c2u ch=t l*Ang #iu khi$n kh cao. Vi.c sB dCng
Frofibus lm bus h. thGng b?n c th$ kFt nGi t3i 9 nt/tr?m t3i PCS 7.
TGc #: truyn d, li.u trong bus ny tE 9.6 kbps #Fn 1.5 Mbps, chuUn giao
thOc sB dCng trn bus Profibus l FMS
T=t c@ cc thnh ph2n cQa PCS 7 #u c th$ #*Ac kFt nGi t3i bus h. thGng
Profibus d)a trn cc ph*4ng thOc sau:
- Trung tm #iu khi$n logic lSp trnh #*Ac (PLCs) thng qua m #un
giao di.n CP 343-3 (#Gi v3i S7 300) v CP 443-5 #Gi v3i S7 400
- OS v ES thng qua card giao di.n CP 5412 A2
Mi tr*6ng truyn thng:
- Ri dy v/n xoPn
- Cp quang (c s) kFt hAp v3i m #un OLM)
R$ tHng #: tin cSy cho h. thGng, kFt nGi redundant cVng c th$ #*Ac th)c
hi.n trong bus ny.
4.3.4 KDt n6i bus tr.Nng (Field Bus) trong h5 th6ng PCS 7:
Nhu c2u v s) trao #;i d, li.u gi,a cc thiFt bK #iu khi$n logic kh@ trnh
v3i cc thiFt bK vo/ra phn tn cVng nh* cc thiFt bK tr*6ng thng minh l r=t
l3n, h. thGng cc bus tr*6ng # lm gi@m th6i gian v #: phOc t?p cho cc k` s*
h. thGng trong qu trnh lPp #/t, b@o d*Tng v khPc phCc s) cG. N r=t thuSn lAi
trong truyn thng sG cVng nh* mang #Fn cc gi@i php cao cho vi.c #o l*6ng
cc gi trK, nHng l)c chuUn #on h. thGng, =n #Knh cc gi trK tE xa. C cc bus
tr*6ng sau:
- Profibus-DP
- Profibus-PA
- AS-Interface
- HART (Highway Addressable Remote Transducer)

Hnh 4.16 KFt nGi h. thGng cc bus tr*6ng trong PCS 7
B?n c th$ l)a ch8n bus tr*6ng m:t cch mm dô ty theo yu c2u Ong
dCng cQa b?n. V3i Profibus-PA #*Ac t?o ra #$ phCc vC cho nh,ng n4i c mi
tr*6ng nguy hi$m (nhi.t #: v p su=t cao).
Profibus-DP:
Trong h. thGng PCS 7, Profibus-DP #*Ac tiu chuUn ha #$ sB dCng cho
kFt nGi t3i cc m #un phn tn, # l m #un ET 200M cVng nh* cc thiFt bK
tr*6ng. Profibus-DP cho php b?n kFt nGi t3i 32 tr?m trn m:t #*6ng DP (DP-
line), v3i tGc #: tuyn ln #Fn 12 Mbps.
Trong m:t sG PLC S7 300, S7 400 # #*Ac tch hAp giao di.n Profibus-
DP, cc PLC cn l?i muGn kFt nGi t3i Profibus-DP ph@i thng qua cc m #un
giao di.n CP (v dC nh*: CP 343-5, CP443-5).
PCS 7 hM trA tGi #a t3i 9 DP-line trn b: #iu khi$n trung tm (S7 400).
Mi tr*6ng truyn c th$ l #i dy v/n xoPn ho/c l cp quang.
B?n c th$ c=u hnh h. thGng redundant cho Profibus-DP thng qua PLC
S7-417H.
M Aun phn tn ET 200M:
Ni v h. thGng cc bus tr*6ng khng th$ khng ni t3i vai tr r=t quan
tr8ng trong v=n # #iu khi$n th. thGng cc thiFt bK tr*6ng thng qua m #un
phn tn ET 200M.
Trong suGt qu trnh vSn hnh, cc thiFt bK < c=p tr*6ng ho/c cc m #un
phn tn #*Ac cung c=p d, li.u. Chnh nh,ng thiFt bK ny # lm gi@m #ng k$
cc khGi d, li.u truyn thng gi,a thiFt bK tr*6ng, m #un phn tn v3i cc b:
#iu khi$n PLC.
Trong qu trnh c=u hnh thiFt bK tr*6ng, cc khGi #*Ac thay thF dZ dng
nh6 vo cc khGi chOc nHng dnh ring CFC /FSC chart. Nh,ng khGi ny #*Ac
cung c=p b<i th* vi.n cc khGi thiFt bK tr*6ng (Field Device Blocks) cQa PCS 7.
Cc thiFt bK tr*6ng ny #*Ac qu@n l b<i ph2n mm qu@n l thiFt bK tr*6ng
(Process Device Manager software) #*Ac tch hAp cho ES.
KFt nGi redundant #Gi v3i ET 200M:

Hnh 4.17 KFt nGi redundant trong Profibus-DP
Trong nh my yu c2u c=u trc d) phng (redundant) th h. thGng cc
m #un vo/ra phn tn ET 200M #*Ac sB dCng cho mCc #ch ny thng qua bus
Profibus-DP. B?n sB dCng m #un giao di.n IM 153 v3i nHng l)c d) phng ghp
nGi v3i ET 200M #$ th)c hi.n kFt nGi t3i PLC S7 417H thng qua 2 #*6ng bus
Profibus-DP. NFu m:t #*6ng bK lMi th h. thGng sJ t) #:ng chuy$n m?ch sang
#*6ng cn l?i (nFu #*6ng ny vXn cn nguyn vcn) #$ thay thF.
Profibus-PA:
Profibus-PA l chuUn giao thOc IEC 1158-2 truyn thng m< r:ng t*4ng thch
v3i Profibus-DP. BYng cng ngh. truyn dXn #/c bi.t n c th$ lm vi.c trong
nh,ng vng c mi tr*6ng nguy hi$m (Siemens quy *3c vng ny l vng 1).
V3i Profibus-PA, b: pht v c4 c=u ch=p hnh trong vng nguy hi$m c th$
truyn thng v3i cc thiFt bK #iu khi$n nh* PLC < kho@ng cch xa. Thng tin v
nguIn cung c=p #*Ac truyn #i bYng 2 dy cp, thng th*6ng l cp ITP.
B?n c th$ kFt nGi t3i 30 thiFt bK tr*6ng #Gi v3i vng khng nguy hi$m v
10 thiFt bK tr*6ng #Gi v3i nguIn nguy hi$m trn m:t #o?n (segment) bus
Profibus-PA.. TGc #: truyn d, li.u 31.25 kbps.
C hai cch kDt n6i Profibus-PA vFi Profibus-DP:
- DP/PA coupler
- DP/PA link
Ph.0ng php cKu hnh vFi DP/PA Coupler:
DP/PA Coupler khng c #Ka ch& (c nghWa l b?n khng c2n ph@i thiFt lSp
#Ka ch& cho n khi c=u hnh h. thGng). MMi tr?m PA #*Ac xem l m:t DP slave v
do # n nhSn m:t #Ka ch& trong c=u hnh cQa bus DP. TGc #: truyn cQa
Profibus-DP ph@i t*4ng thch v3i Profibus-PA.
Ph.0ng php cKu hnh vFi DP/PA link:
DP/PA link bao gIm m #un #2u cuGi IM 157 v m:t hay nhiu DP/PA
coupler. DP/PA link l m:t DP slave v do # ph@i c #Ka ch& bus cho n. B?n c
th$ kFt nGi t3i 5 DP/PA coupler t3i m:t DP/PA link. Do DP/PA link #*Ac b;
sung cng ngh. truyn dXn decoupling gi,a DP v PA do # no nng tGc #:
truyn dXn ln t3i 12 Mbps trn Profibus-DP.
KDt n6i redundant vFi Profibus-PA:
B?n c th$ c=u hnh redundant cho vi.c truyn dXn gi,a Profibus-DP t3i

Hnh 4.18 KFt nGi gi,a DP v PA thng qua DP/PA link v DP/PA Coupler
Profibus-PA., trong # DP/PA link c nHng l)c redundant l #*Ac kFt nGi t3i h.
thGng Profibus-DP master.
AS-Interface (Actuator/Sensor):
AS-i l m:t m?ng cho c@m biFn v c4 c=u ch=p hnh trong gi3i h?n c=p
tr*6ng th=p nh=t. dng dCng chnh cQa bus AS-i l truyn m:t l*Ang nh[ thng
tin nh* l m:t b: chuy$n m?ch. MMi AS-i slave c th$ truyn thng m:t l*Ang 4
bit.
KFt nGi AS-i v3i h. thGng PCS 7 theo nguyn tPc master-slave, c@m biFn
v c4 c=u ch=p hnh #ng vai tr nh* l cc slave #*Ac #iu khi$n b<i master.
RGi v3i PCS 7, cc thnh ph2n sau #y #*Ac sB dCng #$ kFt nGi AS-i:
- AS-Interface CP 342 master cho ET 200M
- DP/AS interface link cho kFt nGi gi,a AS-i v3i Profibus-DP. M #un xB
l truyn thng CP 342-2 l m #un master cQa AS-i.
M Aun CP 342-2 Ang vai tr l master cEa AS-i:
R*Ac sB dCng #$ kFt nGi AS-i v3i m #un ET 200M. Truyn thng ny
khng c2n ph@i c=u hnh trong ph2n mm c=u hnh h. thGng v dy nGi khng #i
h[i ph@i cG #Knh. Nh,ng #/c tnh ny lm cho chng ta dZ dng khi thay #;i m
#un.
M #un CP 342-2 chiFm m:t slot trn rack lPp #/t cho m #un phn tn ET
200M. Chng ta c th$ #*a vo tGi #a l 4 m #un CP 342-2 vo trong mMi m
#un ET 200M.
DP/AS-i Link:
R*Ac sB dCng #$ kFt nGi tr)c tiFp AS-i v3i Profibus-DP. Trong tr*6ng
hAp ny b? c th$ xem AS-i nh* l n:t subnet cQa Profibus-DP. B?n c th$ kFt
nGi tGi #a 31 AS-i slave vo b: DP/AS-Interface link. Chnh v #/c #i$m ny
Profibus-DP master c t3i 31 m #un slave.

Hnh 4.19 M hnh kFt nGi AS-i master v3i c@m biFn v c4 c=u ChfP hnh
4.3.5 B@ Ai3u khiLn logic kh1 trnh (PLC):
Trong h. thGng SIMATIC PCS 7, S7-400 lm nn t@n tiu bi$u cho h.
thGng t) #:ng ha qu trnh trong cc nh my. R*Ac thiFt kF chuUn v kh@ nHng
c=u hnh cVng nh* kh@ nHng xB l l sOc m?nh cQa S7-400, kh@ nHng truyn
thng v3i m:t l*Ang l3n v3i cc #Gi tc, chOc nHng tch hAp h. thGng. Kh@ nHng
#iu khi$n cCc b: v tE xa r=t thch hAp v3i h. thGng SIMATIC PCS 7.
SIMATIC PCS7 #*Ac c=u trc chuUn tE m:t sG thnh ph2n cQa PLC
SIMATIC S7-400. Nh,ng CPU thch hAp #*Ac cung c=p cho nh,ng Ong dCng
khc nhau d)a vo yu c2u v gi thnh v nh,ng ti.n ch cQa n nh*:
- CPU-414-3
- CPU-414-3H
- CPU-416-2
- CPU-416-3
- CPU-417-4
- CPU-417-4H
PLC S7-414 #*Ac thiFt kF t*4ng Ong cho nh,ng Ong dCng nh[ t*4ng Ong
v3i kh@ nHng v d, li.u cQa d) n < c=p #: nh[. PLC S7-416 #*Ac thiFt kF t*4ng
Ong cho nh,ng Ong dCng trung bnh t*4ng Ong v3i kh@ nHng v d, li.u cQa d) n
< c=p #: trung bnh. PLC S7-417, #@m nhSn nh,ng ti.n ch < c=p #: cao nh=t cQa
d) n, n #*Ac thiFt kF #/c bi.t cho nh,ng d, n c mOc #: yu c2u v tGc #:,
ti.n ch kFt nGi cVng nh* l)ng d, li.u r=t cao cQa d) n.
Ngoi ra b?n cVng c th$ #*a cc S7-300 vo trong h. thGng PCS 7 nh,ng
v3i nh,ng c=p #: th=p h4n cho nh,ng h. thGng #iu khi$n c=p th=p.
CKu hnh cho b@ Ai3u khiLn trung tm S7-400:
- B: #iu khi$n trung gIm c nh,ng thnh ph2n sau:
- Rack cho S7-400 v3i 9 ho/c 18 slot (t*4ng Ong v3i 9 ho/c 18 m #un
thnh ph2n #*Ac lPp #/t vo vK tr ny)
- M:t CPU
- NguIn cung c=p c hai lo?i: 24 VDC ho/c 115/230 VAC
- B: nh3: 768 Kbyte/1600 Kbyte/3200 Kbyte/4000 Kbyte
- SRAM: 1 Mbyte/2 Mbyte/4 Mbyte
- License gi3i h?n th6i gian cho PCS 7 (Nh,ng khGi Driver cho PCS 7)

Hnh 4.20 KFt nGi Profibus-DP t3i thnh ph2n trung
tm
M:t sG m #un CP 443 #*Ac yu c2u cho kFt nGi tE thnh ph2n trung tm
t3i h. thGng (c th$ l kFt nGi cho Ethernet hay Profibus). Thng th*6ng b?n kFt
nGi trung tm v3i cc m #un phn tn thng qua Profibus-DP, do # c2n ph@i
#*a m #un CP vo cc rack trung tm. B?n c th$ #*a tE 4 #Fn 10 m #un CP
443-5 vo rack trung tm #$ t?o ra tE 4 #Fn 10 giao di.n Profibus-DP t*4ng Ong.
Xem hnh bn d*3i:
Ngoi cc m #un cho Ong dCng truyn thng b?n cn c th$ #*a thm
cc m #un tn hi.u, m #un chOc nHng vo cc vK tr cn l?i cQa rack trung
tm cVng nh* rack m< r:ng cQa S7-400. Xem hnh bn d*3i:

Hnh 4.21 C=u hnh cQa rack trung tm

Chng 5. Thit lp d an trn nn SIMATIC PCS 7
CH!NG 5
THI"T L%P D( N TRN N)N SIMATIC PCS 7

5.1 Cc b*+c c, b.n 12 thi6t l8p m9t d; n:
5.1.1 Giai 1o<n l8p k6 ho<ch:

5.1.2 Th;c hi=n d; n:

Thit l$p c'u hnh ph(n c)ng (t,ng tr.m)
Thit l$p c'u hnh m.ng
T.o h/ th0ng cc c'p b$c cho nh my
L$p trnh cc kh0i ch)c n2ng ng*4i dng v cc kh0i trao 67i thng tin; ki9m
tra v l$p ti li/u
Thit l$p d: n

Tnh ch;n s0 l*<ng I/O v ki9u module
=n 6@nh cc knh tn hi/u v 6Bt tn t*<ng tr*ng cho chng
L$p bCng k ho.ch 6i dy giEa sensors/actualtors v cc tr.m PLC
L:a ch;n v quyt 6@nh ki9u m.ng v c'u trc m.ng. Cc kt n0i giEa cc
tr.m SIMATIC vGi nhau v giEa cc tr.m SIMATIC vGi cc tr.m 6iHu
khi9n qu trnh
Xy d:ng cc bin d:a vo s: li/t k cc bin v m tC 6(y 6I cc qu trnh
(l$p k ho.ch khC thi, s0 l*<ng PLC, Tr.m v$n hnh, cc thnh ph(n khc)


T.o CFC charts (charts module)
SK dLng ch)c n2ng Import/Export Assistant (IEA) 69 t.o module Template
cho cc 6i9m 6o l*4ng. Ki9m tra v l$p ti li/u cho cc module. MBt cc kh0i
v cc module vo trong th* vi/n 6 t.o 6*<c
T.o cc CFC chart vGi vi/c sK dLng cc IEA model N trn; Bin d@ch v
download tGi PLC
T.o cc kh0i SFC chart (sequential control systems) v download chng tGi
PLC
C'u hnh cho cc tr.m OS:
T.o cc b)c tranh qu trnh, cc b)c tranh thng bo message, cc 6O th@
(curve) v cc bCng nh$t k (archive)
Kt n0i dE li/u giEa OS v PLC
Sao chp cc dE li/u c(n thit t, ES v 6*a vo cc OS; Tin hnh khNi 6Png
OS
LBp l.i qu trnh trn 69 ki9m tra vi l(n
Tin hnh ki9m tra tn hi/u v hi/u chQnh t,ng cCm bin, ch'p hnh v cc
qu trnh trn b)c tranh qu trnh

5.2 Thi6t l8p d; n:
Trong ph(n ny giCi thch cc )ng dLng c5 bCn trn ES vGi nhEng ph(n
mHm thnh ph(n mang tnh ch't c'p b$c (HP: Plant Hierarchy) v cc v'n 6H vH
IEA (Import/Export Assistant) v m0i quan h/ giEa nhSng thnh ph(n trong ES
6.
5.2.1 Ph>n m?m ES trong SIMATIC PCS 7:
VGi nhEng ph(n mHm c(n thit trn h/ th0ng ES thuPc gi ph(n mHm
SIMATIC PCS 7, b.n c nhEng cng cL (tool), vGi nhEng cng cL 6'y b.n c
th9 t.o c'u hnh nh my mPt cch ton di/n. M l nhEng ph(n mHm sau 6y:
- Ph>n m?m STEP 7:
Bao gOm SIMATIC Manager, ph(n mHm ny lm nHn tCn v l trung tm
quCn l cho t't cC cc thnh ph(n cIa ES. My l hnh Cnh sinh 6Png cIa ng*4i
sK dLng trn giao di/n cIa Windows NT th*4ng 6*<c sK dLng 69 quCn l cc d:
n cIa nh my.
- B<n c@u hnh t@t cc thi6t bA sC dDng trong h= thFng nh*:
Cc rack cIa cc PLC, cc m 6un vo/ra, cc m 6un giao di/n, cc tr.m
PC bTng Hardware Configuration (HW Config.).
- PH v IEA:
PH v IEA l nhEng gi thuPc PCS 7, chng khng phCi tch bi/t vGi cc
)ng dLng trn m chi mN rPng h5n trong ph.m vi cIa SIMATIC Manager. PH v
IEA hU tr< c'u hnh di/n rPng cIa qu trnh 6iHu khi9n v quCn l dE li/u cIa
nh my.
- CFC (Continuous Function Chart):
CFC l gi ph(n mHm 6@nh h*Gng cho nh my, c'u hnh cc 6O h;a cIa
tc vL t: 6Png ha. SK dLng CFC thng qua cc kh0i 6 6*<c t.o sWn (6y l gi
ph(n mHm l$p trnh c c'u trc). Cc kh0i 6*<c quCn l theo nhm ty theo ch)c
n2ng cIa chng trong th* vi/n, th:c hi/n l$p trnh bTng cc 6Png t ko/thC.
- SFC (Sequential Function Chart):
L gi ph(n mHm 6*<c c'u hnh cho h/ th0ng 6iHu khi9n tu(n t:. vGi h/
th0ng 6iHu khi9n tu(n t:, ch)c n2ng t: 6Png ha tiu c5 sN l 6*<c 6iHu khi9n
trn s: thay 67i tr.ng thi v cSng c th9 ch;n l;c t, qu trnh.
- Ph>n m?m c@u hnh cho OS:
WinCC 6*<c sK dLng cho vi/c c'u hnh cho h/ th0ng 6iHu khi9n v gim
st nh my trn nHn PCS 7. VGi ph(n mHm ny, b.n c th9 t.o ra b)c tranh qu
trnh, cc bo co, cc thng bo vH h/ th0ng, 6O th@ tn hi/u, nh$t k v$n hnh.
- SCL (Structured Control Language):
My l ngn ngE l$p trnh gi0ng vG Pascal 69 l$p trnh cho nhEng tc vL
ph)c t.p. Trn ES, n 6*<c sK dLng 69 t.o ra cc kh0i v bin d@ch cc yu c(u
cIa CFC/SFC chart.
5.2.2 S; tc 19ng qua l<i giGa cc thnh ph>n:
Ph(n ny cung c'p cho b.n mPt cch nhn t7ng th9 vH s: tc 6Png qua l.i
giEa c'u hnh cIa h/ th0ng c'p b$c cIa nh my, CFC chart, IEA v SFC chart
trn OS.
- H= thFng c@p b8c cIa nh my (PH):
M*4ng dXn cIa PH vGi tn cIa 6O th@ v tn kh0i l 6*<c chuy9n 67i tGi
nhEng text block "origin" (khi ngu$n d%&i d)ng text) vGi s: chuy9n 67i cIa
vi/c kt n0i dE li/u giEa PLC-PC. T, 6y sY xu't hi/n cc dng thng bo
(message) trn OS run-time. Tn tag N trn trnh quCn l tag cIa WinCC
Explorer lm cho chng ta dZ dng quCn l v quan st PH, tn 6O th@, tn kh0i,
tn cc gi tr@ khc. Nu b.n mu0n kt n0i mPt 60i t*<ng vGi mPt tag qu trnh
trn b)c tranh qu trnh hoBc nh$t k v$n hnh, b.n phCi chQ r tn tag t, trnh
quCn l tag.
- CFC (Continuous Function Chart):
Ring mUi ki9u kh0i (v dL kh0i CTRL_PID) l 6*<c l*u trE trong th*
vi/n hoBc ch*5ng trnh cIa STEP 7. MUi khi b.n sao chp nhiHu kh0i ra t, nPt
kh0i ban 6(u th b.n phCi 6Bt cho cc kh0i 6'y c cc tn hnh th)c khc nhau.
ThuPc tnh cIa mPt 60i t*<ng trong CFC chart, b.n chQ r cc message cIa kh0i
v kch chuPt vo cc bi9u t*<ng message 6. Vi/c kt n0i dE li/u 6*<c hi9n th@
cc message trn OS trong su0t qu trnh OS ho.t 6Png (run time). Trong su0t
qu trnh lm vi/c, mPt tag 6*<c 6iHu khi9n v gim st lin tLc thng qua thI
tLc chuy9n 67i (transfer) dE li/u lin tLc giEa OS v PLC. Cc gi tr@ nh$n 6*<c
t, qu trnh c th9 6*<c l*u trE trong cc tag nPi (internal tag) trn trnh quCn l
tag cIa OS, 6iHu ny sY 6Ong ngh[a vGi vi/c cc dng text sY 6*<c giCm bGi tr,
nhEng text 6ang chuy9n 67i v hi9n th@ trn b)c tranh qu trnh.
- IEA (Import/Export Assistant):
VGi IEA, b.n t.o t: 6Png cc chart v cc kh0i thuPc tnh. B.n c th9 ty
ch;n nhEng message c 6Bc 6i9m k\ thu$t ph h<p 69 t.o dE li/u cho vi/c
import (nh$p nPi dung). NhEng message sau khi xu't hi/n t.i nhEng 6i9m thch
h<p N trn 60i t*<ng cIa kh0i v 6*<c chuy9n 67i (transfer) tGi OS 69 m tC cho
CFC.
- SFC (sequential control system ):
Trn SFC chart, b.n xem xt cc thng s0 cIa cIa c'u hnh CFC tr*Gc
6y trn SFC chart. NhEng cng trnh s* (nhEng ng*4i xy d:ng nn mPt c'u
hnh t7ng th9) t.o ra nhEng yu c(u theo t,ng b*Gc, chuy9n 67i v 'n 6@nh cng
ngh/ v 6@nh h*Gng cho tn cIa cc 60i t*<ng. VGi c'u trc cIa CFC chart theo
t,ng b*Gc v cc 6i9m chuy9n 67i (xem ph,n 4.2.6) trong s5 6O trn OS 6*<c
chuy9n 67i (transfer) dE li/u kt n0i giEa OS v PLC (s: ho.t 6Png 6 chng ta
c th9 quan st 6*<c s: chuy9n 67i tr.ng thi thng qua s: chuy9n 67i mu s^c
trn CFC).
- Chuy2n 1Ji dG li=u k6t nFi giGa PLC v OS (Transferring PLC-OS
Connection Data):
Khi ni/m ny t*5ng 60i ph)c t.p, mPt h/ th0ng lm viHu g^n kt thnh
mPt kh0i th0ng nh't v 6Ong bP th c(n phCi c vi/c chuy9n 67i dE li/u c'u hnh
lin tLc mUi khi c'u hnh hay thng s0 cIa h/ th0ng c s: thay 67i, 6Bc bi/t l
giEa h/ th0ng cc PLC v h/ th0ng cc OS. DE li/u kt n0i giEa PLC v OS phCi
6*<c chuy9n 67i trong nhEng tnh hu0ng sau:
Sau mUi khi thay 67i h/ th0ng c'p b$c cIa nh my (PH)
Sau mUi khi thm cc chart mGi v chQ 6@nh tn cc CFC chart
Sau mUi khi thm nhEng kh0i 60i t*<ng mGi v thay 67i tn kh0i
Sau mUi khi thay 67i cc 65n v@ text thuPc vH bCn ch't cIa qu trnh v$n
hnh
Sau mUi khi thay 67i thuPc tnh cIa cc 60i t*<ng 6*<c 6iHu khi9n v
gim st
Sau mUi khi thay 67i cc message
Sau mUi khi thay 67i hoBc l thm cc SFC chart
- +c l*Kng cc thnh ph>n yu c>u cIa m9t nh my:
MiHu quan tr;ng 6(u tin tr*Gc khi b^t tay vo thit k mPt h/ th0ng t:
6Png cho mPt nh my, b.n phCi 6Bt ra cc k ho.ch hay cc ph*5ng n m cc
ph*5ng n 6 d:a trn c sN l qu trnh v$n hnh nh* th no, d:a vo 6y b.n
c th9 *Gc l*<ng 6*<c s0 OS; m)c 6P, t0c 6P, khoCng cch v s0 tr.m tham gia
kt n0i t, 6 b.n c th9 *Gc l*<ng 6*<c bus h/ th0ng sK dLng l nhEng bus no;
xc 6@nh s0 l*<ng v v@ tr 6Bt cc bP 6iHu khi9n trung tm, s0 l*<ng cc m 6un
vo ra t$p trung v vo ra phn tn hay yu c(u 6iHu khi9n 69 xc 6@nh lo.i m
6un phCi 6*<c tnh ton r't k\. Ngoi ra b.n cn phCi d:a vo kch c_ cIa d: n,
yu c(u cIa khch hng, tnh sWn sn hay ni cch khc l h/ th0ng c 6P tin c$y
cao, 6iHu ki/n vH v@ tr (6P cao) v mi tr*4ng xung quanh v@ tr d: 6@nh l^p 6Bt,
tnh n2ng 6p )ng hay tnh n2ng th4i gian th:c.
Ni chung cng vi/c tch h<p mPt m.ng truyHn thng cho mPt nh my l
mPt cng vi/c kh kh2n v ph)c t.p, 6i hì ng*4i thit k khng nhEng am hi9u
su s^c vH mBt k\ thu$t trong cc h/ th0ng t: 6Png, am hi9u vH cng ngh/ m
cn phCi ty ch;n d:a trn nhiHu ph*5ng n v tiu ch khc nhau 69 6*a ra mPt
c'u hnh v,a t0i *u vH chQ cc tiu k\ th$t v kinh t.
- NhGng yu c>u cho m9t d; n:
Khi b.n mGi b^t 6(u c'u hnh cho mPt d: n, 6iHu 6(u tin b.n nn phn
tch nhEng yu c(u 6Bc bi/t cIa d: n, b.n ch^c ch^n rTng t't cC nhEng kha c.nh
v nhEng 6iHu ki/n 6 6*<c suy xt 6n trn nhEng c5 sN trit l v hi/u quC vH
mBt c'u hnh.
Trong su0t qu trnh c'u hnh, c r't nhiHu kh0i v ki9u kh0i khc nhau
trong th* vi/n cIa b.n. V v$y b.n phCi ch^c ch^n rTng chQ c mPt version cIa
ph(n mHm sK dLng 69 c'u hnh cho h/ th0ng trong su0t qu trnh xy d:ng d:
n. NhEng ki9u kh0i l$p trnh khc nhau sY d'n 6n s: xung 6Pt nu ch*5ng trnh
cIa b.n 6*<c 6iHu khi9n v gim st trn cng mPt OS.
5.3 C@u hnh ph>n cLng (Hardware Configuring):
C'u hnh mPt tr.m l vi/c th9 hi/n ton bP c'u trc cIa tr.m 6. VGi c'u
hnh ph(n c)ng, b.n chQ 6@nh r s0 cIa cc rack, s0 l*<ng rack v 'n 6@nh 6@a chQ
cIa cc khe c^m (slot) ty theo c'u trc th:c t cIa tr.m. B.n c'u hnh tham s0
cho cc m 6un vo ra t$p trung v cc m 6un vo ra phn tn. Khi bP 6iHu
khi9n khC l$p trnh b^t 6(u khNi 6Png th vi/c 6(u tin l CPU phCi th:c hi/nn so
snh c'u hnh quCn l bn trong h/ 6iHu hnh cIa CPU vGi c'u hnh th:c t cIa
ph(n c)ng 6*<c l^p 6Bt cho tr.m. Nu c s: t*5ng phCn th CPU sY tm ngay l$p
t)c v thng bo sY 6*<c bo hi/u v 6*5ng nhin l h/ th0ng sY khng th9 tip
tLc ho.t 6Png thm nEa.
5.3.1 Gi+i thi=u ph>n m?m NetPro - Configuring Networks:
Ph(n mHm ny 6 6*<c giGi thi/u s5 l*<c N ch*5ng 4.2.11. Trn ph(n
mHm ny, chng ta c th9 c'u hnh cho t,ng tr.m 65n la nh* S7-300, S7-400,
OS, ES v lin kt cc ph(ng tK trn l.i vGi nhau thng qua cc bus truyHn thng
l Ethernte, Profibus, MPI hay AS-i

- KhMi 19ng ph>n m?m: Start > Simatic > STEP 7 > NetPro - Configuring
Networks.
- T<o m+i m9t d; n:
Vi/c t.o mGi mPt d: n khng th9 tin hnh tr:c tip trn ph(n mHm ny
6*<c, v v$y b.n phCi tin hnh theo cch sau:

Hnh 5.1 KhNi 6Png ph(n mHm NetPro - Configuring Networks
+ Kh-i /0ng ph,n m1m SIMATIC Manager: Start > Simatic > SIMATIC
Manager
+ T)o Project m&i:
File > New, mPt hPp tho.i xu't hi/n, trn hPp tho.i ny b.n c th9 ch;n cc ki9u
Project sau: User Project (d: n 65n), Libraries (th* vi/n) hay Multi-Project

Hnh 5.2 KhNi 6Png ph(n mHm SIMATIC Manager

Hnh 5.3 T.o mGi mPt User Project


Hnh 5.4
(nhiHu d: n). Nu b.n ch;n User Project th ki9u cIa d: n trong hPp tho.i sY
hi9n th@ t*5ng )ng l Project, 6Bt tn cho d: n cIa b.n vo Name, v dL
SAMPLE,
sau 6 ch;n OK. Project sY xu't hi/n cc bi9u t*<ng hnh 5.4. Nh* v$y
SAMPLE chnh l d: n 6*<c sK dLng cho vi/c l*u trE dE li/u v ch*5ng trnh
6*<c t.o ra khi b.n t.o mP giCi php t: 6Png trong giGi h.n cho php. DE li/u
cIa b.n l*u trE trong SAMPLE bao gOm:
DE li/u c'u hnh cho ph(n c)ng v dE li/u 'n 6@nh cc tham s0 cho cc
m 6un.
DE li/u c'u hnh m.ng truyHn thng.
Ch*5ng trnh ng*4i dng (cc m 6un ch*5ng trnh t*5ng )ng trong cc
kh0i ch*5ng trnh).
Nhi/m vL chnh khi t.o mPt Project l chubn b@ nhEng kh0i dE li/u v kh0i
ch*5ng trnh.
Vi/c b.n c(n lm tip theo l thit l$p c'u hnh cho d: n cIa b.n trn
ph(n mHm NetPro - Configuring Networks. C hai cch 69 khNi 6Png ph(n mHm
ny:
T, trnh Start (xem hnh 5.1).
Kch 6p chuPt tri vo biu t$%ng MPI(1) trn hnh 5.4 (6y l bi9u
t*<ng 69 lin kt 6n ph(n mHm c'u hnh).
D*Gi 6y l giao di/n cIa ph(n mHm c'u hnh cho m.ng truyHn thng N m;i c'p

Hnh 5.5 Giao di/n cIa ph(n mHm c'u hnh m.ng
6P cSng nh* c'u hnh cho t,ng thnh ph(n N trong m.ng 6.
Ph(n N bn tri chnh l b)c tranh c'u hnh m b.n mu0n t.o, ph(n bn
phCi l th* vi/n cc thit b@ thnh ph(n v cc m.ng thnh ph(n (hay cn g;i l
subnet), thng th*4ng ph(n th* vi/n 6*<c mBc 6@nh, nu khng c b.n mN n
bTng cch View > Catalog. Khi d: n cIa b.n v,a 6*<c t.o, ph(n mHm mBc 6@nh
mPt subnet MPI c tn l MPI(1) 69 phn bi/t vGi cc MPI tip theo m b.n sY
t.o. CSng ni thm rTng, b.n c th9 dng subnet MPI, Ethernet hay Profibus 69
lm bus h/ th0ng nhEng mUi subnet 6*<c t.o ra 69 sK dLng cho nhEng )ng dLng
ring bi/t 69 t$n dLng t0i 6a hi/u su't cIa 6*4ng truyHn cSng nh* chi ph l^p 6Bt
v bCo d*_ng, trong 6:
Industrial Ethernet l chubn qu0c t (IEEE 802-3) sK dLng cho truyHn
thng cng nghi/p thit b@ N c'p 6iHu khi9n trong ph.m vi nh` nh* m.ng
LAN hay m.ng di/n rPng WAN.
MPI (Multi-Point-Interface) l chubn 6*<c Siemens t.o ra 69 ki9m tra v
chubn 6on h/ th0ng v l$p trnh cho cc PLC S7.
PROFIBUS l chubn qu0c t (EN 50170) kt n0i m.ng thit b@ N c'p hi/n
tr*4ng v m.ng di/n hcp, t tr.m tham gia.
M.ng PTP (Point-To-Point) l chubn 6*<c Siemens t.o ra theo mPt giao
th)c 6Bc bi/t 69 truyHn giEa hai nt (node) vGi nhau.
Ngoi ra cn c AS-i nhEng khng hi9n th@ trong ny v n l mPt subnet
con m chI (master) cIa n l cc m 6un g^n vo cc PLC S7 hay bP
chuy9n m.ng Profibus-DP sang AS-i.
T, 6y b.n c th9 6Bt nhEng tr.m thnh ph(n hay cc subnet theo cch no l ty
vo d: 6@nh cIa b.n. V dL b.n c'u hnh cho mPt tr.m PLC S7-300 lo.i CPU 313
v m 6un nguOn PS 307 10A:
Kch chuPt tri vo bi9u t*<ng SIMATIC 300 trong th* vi/n, ko v thC vo
trong ph(n nn tri, xem hnh bn d*Gi.

My mGi chQ mBc 6@nh cho tr.m S7-300 nh*ng ch*a cL th9 l CPU lo.i no, bao
nhiu rack, m 6un nguOn, m 6un mN rPng, m 6un giao di/n, m 6un truyHn
thng M9 c'u hnh cho tr.m ny b.n tip tLc kch 6p chuPt tri vo bi9u
t*<ng SIMATIC 300(1) sY xu't hi/n giao di/n 69 c'u hnh ring cho tr.m ny,
xem hnh 5.7. Giao di/n ny cSng t*5ng t: nh* giao di/n thit l$p m.ng nh*ng
n 6*<c sK dLng 69 thit l$p c'u hnh cho t,ng tthnh ph(n trong m.ng nh*: OS,
ES, Server, PG, PLC S7-200, S7-300, S7-400, cc m 6un phn tn ET200

Hnh 5.6
Bn tri l b)c tranh c'u hnh m b.n mu0n t.o, ph(n bn phCi l th* vi/n cc
thit b@ thnh ph(n 6 6*<c thit k sWn, thng th*4ng ph(n th* vi/n 6*<c mBc
6@nh, nu khng c b.n mN n bTng cch View > Catalog. Trong mLc Profile,
b.n c th9 ch;n 3 d.ng th* vi/n khc nhau m trong 6 c th9 b` 6i hoBc b7 sung
thm nhEng thnh ph(n t*5ng )ng ty theo )ng dLng cIa b.n, trong 6 th* vi/n
Standar l th* vi/n c 6(y 6I cc thnh ph(n nh't.

Hnh 5.7 Giao di/n c'u hnh cho t,ng thnh ph(n cIa m.ng

Hnh 5.8
d 6y b.n ch rTng, b.n 6 ch;n c'u hnh cho tr.m S7-300 nn b.n phCi
ch;n cc thnh ph(n thuPc th* muc SIMATIC 300 trn cy th* mLc cIa th*
vi/n. M(u tin b.n phCi 6Bt rack trong tm (mBc 6@nh (1) UR) trong th* mLc
RACK 3, kch chuPt vo bi9u t*<ng Rail v ko thC vo ph(n giao di/n bn tri,
xem hnh 5.8. MUi rack c t0i 6a 11 slot, slot s0 1 l v@ tr duy nh't cho m 6un
nguOn PS, slot 2 cSng l v@ tr duy nh't dnh cho m 6un CPU, xem hnh 5.9.
Ph(n c'u hnh cL th9 cho tr.m S7-300 sY ni k h5n N ph(n 5.3.2.
Mn 6y d: n cIa b.n 6 6*<c c'u hnh, tr*Gc khi thot khì ch*5ng trnh ny
b.n phCi th:c hi/n l*u v bin d@ch (save and complie) 69 ki9m tra lUi tr*Gc khi
thot. Lc ny, d: n t: 6Png thm vo th* mLc d: n SAMPLE cIa b.n nh*
hnh sau:
SAMPLE Project lc ny bao gOm mPt tr.m SIMATIC 300 vGi CPU 313 v mPt
subnet MPI. Bn trong SIMTIAC 300 ch)a 6:ng c'u hnh ph(n c)ng cIa tr.m
(Hardware) v S7 Program.
Nh% v3y ph,n m1m NetPro - Configuring Networks /%4c s5 d6ng /8 t)o
ra t:t c; cc c:u hnh lin quan /<n ph,n c=ng c>a h? thng m)ng try1n thng.
@8 /i su vo vi?c c:u hnh cho tBng thnh ph,n /i hDi ng%Ei tch h4p h? thng
ph;i nFm bFt /%4c nguyn tFc c:u hnh cho tBng thnh ph,n (v d6 nguyn tFc
c:u hnh cho S7-300, S7-400,). Cc v:n /1 ny sH /%4c trnh by - m6c 5.3.2.
5.3.2 C@u hnh cIa m9t tr<m:
NhEng vi/c 6(u tin khi b^t tay vo xy d:ng c'u hnh cho mPt tr.m 6i
hì b.n phCi 'n 6@nh 6@a chQ cho tr.m v cc 6@a chQ thnh ph(n nh* m.ng MPI,
Profibus hay Ethernet v mPt 6iHu nEa l phCi ch tGi 6@a chQ cao nh't cho php
Hnh 5.10 Thit l$p c'u hnh cho tr.m PLC CPU 313
69 c'u hnh cho cc tr.m trong mPt m.ng con (subnet) no 6. S5 6O bn d*Gi sY
cho th'y mPt cch quan vH vi/c c'u hnh cho mPt d: n:

B.n c'u hnh cho b't c) tr.m S7-300, S7-400 no 6i hì vi/c 6(u tin
b.n phCi thit l$p cc rack tr*Gc. d S7-300 s0 rack t0i 6a cho mPt tr.m l 4 v
6*<c 6@a chQ ha t, (0)UR 6n (3)UR. S7-400 th ph)c t.p h5n, c vi lo.i rack
v s0 l*<ng cSng nhiHu h5n ty lo.i CPU. Nh* v$y rack l thnh ph(n 69 l^p 6Bt
cc m 6un ln 6, xem hnh v dL sau:

Hnh 5.12 C'u hnh (v dL) cho mPt h/ th0ng

Hnh 5.11

C th9 xem xt cc thng s0 cIa thit b@ trn rack nh*: v@ tr slot, tn cc
m 6un thnh ph(n, m s0 6Bt hng, 6@a chQ m.ng, 6@a chQ cIa cc vng nhG Cnh
vo ra s0 v vo ra t*5ng t:. V dL cc tham cIa cc m 6un trong rack cIa S7-

Hnh 5.13 M0i quan h/ giEa rack v cc m 6un thnh ph(n
Hnh 5.14 M tC tham s0 cIa cc m 6un trong rack
400:
5.3.2.1 C@u hnh cho tr<m S7-300:
Cc nguyn t^c trong vi/c thit l$p c'u hnh cho S7-300:
MPt tr.m PLC 6*<c hi9u l mPt m 6un CPU ghp n0i cng vGi nhiHu m
6un khc, m 6un 6Hu c mPt 6@a chQ (ngoi cc m 6un CP) l 6@a chQ cIa cc
slot, m 6un CPU dng 6@a chQ ny 69 truy c$p v quCn 6n t,ng m 6un. MPt
m 6un CPU c th9 quCn l 6*<c t0i 6a l 4 rack (t, rack 0 6n rack 3) vi/c thm
cc rack tr.m sY khng 6*<c CPU ch'p nh$n. MUi rack t0i 6a 8 m 6un mN rPng.
Nguyn tNc c@u hnh rack S7-300:
- Rack 0:
Slot 1: chQ c m 6un nguOn cung c'p hoBc 69 tr0ng
Slot 2: chQ c m 6un CPU
Slot 3: m 6un giao di/n (m 6un quCn l rack) hoBc 69 tr0ng
Slot 4 6n slot 11: m 6un tn hi/u (v dL m 6un vo ra s0, vo ra t*5ng
t:), m 6un ch)c n2ng (v dL m 6un 6iHu khi9n v@ tr, m 6un PID), m
6un xK l truyHn thng m.ng CP hoBc 69 tr0ng.
- Rack 1 16n rack 3:
Slot 1: chQ c m 6un nguOn cung c'p hoBc 69 tr0ng
Slot 2: 69 tr0ng
Slot 3: m 6un giao di/n
Slot 4 6n slot 11: m 6un tn hi/u, m 6un ch)c n2ng hay m 6un truyHn
thng ty thuPc vo m 6un giao di/n 6*<c ch;n

Cc rack kt n0i l.i vGi nhau thng qua m 6un giao di/n quCn l mUi
rack, trong 6 rack 0 l rack trung tm , cn rack 1 6n rack 3 l rack mN rPng.
ChQ c m 6un c ch)c n2ng gNi nh$n chI 6Png mGi 6*a vo slot s0 3 trong rack
trung tm, cn cc m 6un gNi nh$n thL 6Png th 6Bt vo slot th) 3 trong cc rack
cn l.i. V dL bn d*Gi th m 6un IM 360S chQ 6*<c 6Bt vo slot 3 trn rack
trung tm v IM 360R th 6Bt vo slot 3 trn cc rack cn l.i. M0i vGi m 6un
PS CPU IM SM SM
1 2 3 4 11
Rack 0
IM SM SM
3 4 11
Rack 1
IM SM SM
3 4 11
Rack 2
IM SM SM
3 4 11
Rack 3
Hnh 5.15 C'u hnh tr.m S7-300
365S-R, chQ 6*<c t0i 6a 2 rack l 1 rack trung tm v mPt rack mN rPng (cC hai
6Hu sK dLng 365S-R vo slot s0 3). C mPt s0 CPU chQ c'u hnh duy nh't mPt
rack trung tm (v dL CPU 313).
D*Gi 6y l c'u hnh cho mPt tr.m S7-300 6(y 6I, vi/c thao tc trn ph(n
mHm c'u hnh NetPro - Configuring Networks 6 trnh by N ph(n 5.3.1. Do 6
vi/c t.o mPt Project mGi sY khng 6*<c nh^c l.i. Trong v dL sau, b.n c'u hnh
Project SAMPLE_FULL sK dLng CPU 314 vGi 4 rack:
Tr.m S7-300 sau khi 6 6*<c c'u hnh:
Ngoi ra b.n cSng nn bit vH nguyn t^c slot cho cc m 6un 6Bc bi/t
nh*: Dummy (DM 370 Dummy), m 6un Digital Simulation (SIM 374 IN/OUT
16), M7-300:
Nguyn tNc 1Pc bi=t cho m 1un Dummy (DM 370 Dummy):
M 6un DM l mPt m 6un b.n c th9 chn vo thay v mPt m 6un no
6 m sau ny bcn sY d: 6@nh sK dLng.

Hnh 5.16 C'u hnh cho tr.m S7-300
M 6un giao di/n

Hnh 5.17
Ty thuPc vo ci 6Bt switch, m 6un 6 c th9 hoBc khng th9 dnh ring
khng gian 6@a chQ. V dL khng gian 6@a chQ l 6*<c dnh ring cho m 6un vo
s0 v ra s0 nh*ng khng th9 cho m 6un giao di/n.
Nguyn tNc 1Pc bi=t cho m 1un m phQng (SIM 374 IN/OUT 16):
M 6un m ph`ng s0 SIM 374 IN/OUT 16 6*<c sK dLng 69 m ph`ng
6(u vo v ra s0. B.n khng th9 tm th'y m 6un ny trong catalog ph(n c)ng
(Hardware catalog) cIa window. B.n phCi thay th m 6un m b.n mu0n m
ph`ng vo trong bCng c'u hnh thay thay v SIM 374.

Ci 1Pt switch trn m 1un SIM 374
IN/OUT 16
M sF m 1un
16xOutput 6ES7322-1BH00-0AA0
8xOutput 8xInput 6ES7323-1BH00-0AA0
16xInput 6ES7321-1BH00-0AA0
Nguyn tNc 1Pc bi=t cho M7-300:
Khi b.n c'u hnh cho nhm m 6un M7-300, mUi m 6un trong nhm
chim giE mPt slot. Nu m 6un 6(u tin cIa nhm m 6un l mPt CPU M7-300
th slot k tip sau nhm m 6un c th9 chQ b@ chim giE bNi mPt m 6un giao
di/n cIa n hoBc l 69 tr0ng.
Nhm m 6un M7-300 l hnh th)c ha khi m 6un mN rPng EXM
(expansion module) hoBc hay m 6un MSM (mass-storage) 6*<c sK dLng cho
vi/c mN rPng mPt M7 CPU hoBc mPt M7 FM (function module). T't cC cc m
6un trong nhm m 6un l 6*<c kt n0i vGi mUi bus AT-ISA, my tnh t: 6Png
ha.
GiGi h.n nhEng m 6un trong nhm m 6un M7 tun theo nguyn t^c sau:
- M7 CPU hoBc M7 FM lun l m 6un 6(u tin cIa nhm.
- M 6un mass-storage chQ c th9 chn vo N nhEng v@ tr tip theo trong
giGi h.n cIa nhm.
M7 CPU v M7 FM khng th9 mN rPng nhiHu h5n 3 m 6un (MSM hoBc EXM).
5.3.2.2 C@u hnh cho tr<m S7-400:
5.3.1.2.1 Nguyn tNc cho vi=c gi+i h<n sF m 1un:
Nguyn t^c cho vi/c giGi h.n s0 m 6un trong rack l ty thuPc vo ki9u
cIa rack 6*<c l^p 6Bt. Khc vGi S7-300 chQ c mPt lo.i rack chung cho cc ki9u
CPU, S7-400 c nhiHu lo.i rack h5n v c mPt s0 rack chQ 6*<c dng ring cho
mPt s0 CPU nh't 6@nh. Rack cIa s7-400 c hai lo.i: 9 slot v 18 slot.
- Nguyn tNc c@u hnh cho rack trung tm:
Slot 1 chQ 6*<c chn vo m 6un nguOn (ngo.i tr, m 6un nguOn vGi
n2ng lBc d: phng).
Chn t0i 6a 6 m 6un giao di/n (send IM), khng nhHu h5n hai nguOn
truyHn (power transmission).
Kt n0i t0i 6a 21 rack mN rPng 6n cc m 6un giao di/n trn rack trung
tm
Khng 6*<c kt n0i nhiHu h5n mPt rack mN rPng vGi nguOn truyHn (power
transmission) tGi mPt giao di/n send IM (IM 460-1 6i 6i vGi IM 461-1).
Kt n0i mPt l*<ng t0i 6a 4 rack mN rPng ngo.i tr, nguOn truyHn (IM 460-
0 vGi IM 461-0 hoBc IM 460-3 vGi IM 461-3).
- Nguyn tNc c@u hnh cho rack mM r9ng:
ChQ 6*<c chn m 6un nguOn cung c'p vo slot 1.
ChQ chn m 6un giao di/n nh$n (Receive IM) vo slot t$n cng bn phCi
(slot 9 hoBc 18).
M 6un truyHn thng bus chQ nn chn vo rack mN rPng vGi mPt l*<ng
khng v*<t qu 6 m 6un (ni cch khc, chng khng th9 c 6*<c 6@a
chQ nu s0 l*<ng lGn h5n).
- Nguyn tNc 1Pc bi=t cho vi=c c@u hnh v+i m 1un nguRn v+i nSng l;c d;
phng (redundant):
M 6un nguOn cung c'p vGi n2ng l:c d: phng c th9 6*<c chn vo
trong mPt rack 6i. NhEng m 6un c th9 6*<c cng nh$n bTng ngEng thng tin
d*Gi d.ng v2n bCn trong Hardware Catalog
B.n nn xem xt nhEng nguyn t^c sau:
N chQ 6*<c chn vo nhEng m 6un nguOn vGi n2ng l:c d: phng trong
nhEng rack 6 d: 6@nh cho mLc 6ch ny.
M 6un nguOn vGi n2ng l:c d: phng chQ c th9 6*<c v$n hnh khi 6i
km vGi cc CPU 6*<c thit k cho mLc 6ch ny; NhEng CPU khng ph
h<p sY khng th9 nhn ra trong qu trnh c'u hnh.
M 6un nguOn vGi n2ng l:c d: phng phCi 6*<c chn vo slot 1 v slot k
tip n (khng cho php 69 tr0ng).
M 6un nguOn khng c n2ng l:c ny sY khng 6*<c php chn cng
chung rack.
5.3.1.2.2 Cch c@u hnh cho rack trung tm:
- Gi+i h<n cho rack trung tm:
L:a ch;n rack trung tm thch h<p trong th* m:c rack cho c'u hnh cIa b.n t,
th* vi/n ph(n c)ng cIa Netpro., trong th* mLc ny c cc rack sau:
Hai rack CR2 (Central rack):
CR2(1) 6*<c thit k cho ch)c n2ng rack trung tm vGi 18 slot 6*<c chia
lm hai 6o.n: 10 slot v 8 slot; ngoi ra rack ny thch h<p cho ch)c n2ng
d: phng cho nguOn cung c'p.
CR2(2) 6*<c thit k cho ch)c n2ng rack trung tm vGi 18 slot 6*<c chia
lm hai 6o.n: 10 slot v 8 slot.
Rack CR3:
M*<c thit k cho ch)c n2ng cIa rack trung tm vGi 4 slot; khng th9 l^p
m 6un nguOn theo c5 ch d: phng.
Hai rack ER1(Expansion rack):
ER1(1) 6*<c thit k cho ch)c n2ng cIa rack mN rPng vGi 18 slot, chQ cho
nhEng m 6un SM (P bus), khng thch h<p cho ch)c n2ng d: phng cho
nguOn.
nhEng m 6un SM (P bus).
Hai rack ER2:
nhEng m 6un SM (P bus), khng thch h<p cho ch)c n2ng d: phng cho
nguOn.
nhEng m 6un SM (P bus).
Hai rack UR1 (Universal rack):
UR1(1) c 18 slot, khng thch h<p cho ch)c n2ng d: phng cho nguOn.
UR1(1) c 18 slot.
Hai rack UR2 (Universal rack):
UR2(1) c 9 slot, khng thch h<p cho ch)c n2ng d: phng cho nguOn.
UR2(1) c 9 slot.
UR2-H:
M*<c thit k cho ch)c n2ng cIa rack trung tm vGi 2 x 9 slot, tch bi/t vH
6*4ng bus backplane, ph h<p cho ch)c n2ng chubn v ch)c n2ng d:
phng (redundant).
BTng thao tc ko v thC rack vo trong ph(n form thit k bn tri, rack sY xu't
hi/n trong form ny.
5.3.1.2.3 Cch c@u hnh cho rack mM r9ng:
T't cC cc rack mN rPng 6*<c kt n0i tGi m 6un giao di/n gNi send IM
trn rack trung tm N d.ng cascade.
MUi mPt nhm gOm 3 rack mN rPng 6*<c kt n0i 6n 1 m 6un giao di/n
gNi IM N rack trung tm.

- Nguyn tNc k6t nFi
rack mM r9ng:
Nu b.n kt n0i rack
mN rPng tGi mPt m 6un
giao di/n (send IM) cIa
rack trung tm phCi xem
xt nhEng v'n 6H sau:
NguOn truyHn
Ki9u lin kt (t$p
trung/phn tn)
Bus truyHn thng
- Gi+i h<n rack mM
r9ng:
L:a ch;n rack
mN rPng t, th*
vi/n ph(n c)ng.
C th9 thay 67i gi tr@ 'n 6@nh cho rack bTng cch kch 6p chuPt vo
thanh trn cng cIa bCng, sau 6 6Bt l.i gi tr@ trong ph(n Rack no. cIa
hPp tho.i General.
=n 6@nh m 6un vo cc rack, 6iHu c(n l*u l cc rack phCi t*5ng thch
vGi nhau v cc m 6un giao di/n phCi 6*<c chn vo cc rack.
T.o nhEng kt n0i giEa nhEng m 6un giao di/n trong cc rack:
+ Kch 6p chuPt vo m 6un giao di/n gNi send IM
+ L:a ch;n Connect tab
Tab ny cho php t't cC cc rack khng 6*<c kt n0i

Hnh 5.18 Kt n0i rack trung tm 6n cc rack mN rPng
+ L:a ch;n nhEng rack 6Pc l$p v sK dLng nt Connect cho vi/c
kt n0i chng tGi cc m 6un giao di/n send IM (C1 v C2 trn
hnh 5.18).
Sau 6y l th dL m tC qu trnh c'u hnh cho rack trung tm v cc rack mN
rPng trn tr.m S7-400 CPU 414-1:

1. B.n t.o mGi mPt Project c tn SAMPLE S7-400, cch tin hnh nh*
ph(n 5.3.1:

2. Kch 6p chuPt tri vo bi9u t*<ng MPI(1), xem hnh 5.19, Ko v thC
tr.m SIMATIC 400 sang ph(n giao di/n bn tri:

Hnh 5.19

Hnh 5.20
3. Kch 6p chuPt tri vo bi9u t*<ng SIMATIC 400(1) nh* hnh 5.20, ko
v thC rack trung tm CR2 vo ph(n giao di/n bn tri. Ko v thC cc m
6un c(n thit nh*: m 6un CPU 414-1 (trong th* mLc CPU); m 6un
nguOn PS 405 10A (trong th* mLc PS/Standar) vo slot 1 cIa rack trung
tm; m 6un giao di/n gNi IM 460-0 vo cc slot 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 (t0i 6a 6
m 6un IM N 6o.n 1 cIa rack), lm t*5ng t: cho 6o.n 2 (nu c(n thit),
xem hnh 5.21.
4. Ko v thC cc rack mN rPng ER1:
5. MBt cc m 6un giao di/n nh$n IM 361-0 vo v@ tr t$n cng (slot c chQ s0
lGn nh't) cIa rack mN rPng:
6. Nh* trn hnh 5.23, cc rack mN rPng ch*a 6*<c kt n0i tGi m 6un giao
di/n trn rack trung tm. M9 kt n0i, b.n kch 6p chuPt ln m 6un giao di/n
t*5ng )ng trn rack trung tm, trong tr*4ng h<p ny mPt m 6un giao di/n
IM 460-0 t.i Slot 3 l 6*<c ch;n, hPp tho.i properties sY xu't hi/n, xem hnh
5.24.

Hnh 5.21

Hnh 5.22
Hnh 5.23

B.n c th9 kt n0i cc rack mN rPng vo v@ tr C1 hoBc l C2.
Trn hnh 5.26 cho chng ta th'y, mUi m 6un giao di/n IM 460-0 c th9 quCn l
t0i 6a 8 rack mN rPng. C) t*5ng t: nh* v$y, b.n c th9 kt n0i 6n t'i cC cc
nhm rack mN rPng t, cc m 6un giao di/n trn rack trung tm. Xem hnh 5.27:

Hnh 5.25

Hnh 5.26

5.3.2.3 C@u hnh cho cc m 1un vo/ra phn tn trn subnet Profibus-DP:
Ph(n lGn cc h/ th0ng T: 6Png ha c(n 6n nhEng kt n0i vGi cc m 6un
vo/ra phn tn theo nhEng kin trc (topology) ph*5ng th)c (ph*5ng th)c trao
67i dE li/u) khc nhau. Do 6 trong ph(n ny, sY 6H c$p c5 bCn nhEng ki9u kt
n0i m th:c t 6i hì.
M 6un vo/ra phn tn 6H c$p 6n h/ th0ng master, h/ th0ng ny bao
gOm DP master v DP slave. T't cC cc thnh ph(n ny 6*<c kt n0i vo bus
theo chubn giao th)c l Profibus-DP.
- M0i vGi h/ th0ng c DP master l cc giao di/n DP cIa S7-300 th cc DP slave
l cc m 6un phn tn ET200 hay cc thit b@ tr*4ng khc c giao di/n DP
- M0i vGi h/ th0ng c DP master l cc giao di/n DP cIa S7-400 th cc DP slave
l cc m 6un phn tn ET200 hay cc thit b@ tr*4ng khc c giao di/n DP v I
slave (Intelligent slave) l cc S7-300 c giao di/n DP 6*<c tch h<p sWn(315-
2DP, 316-2DP, 318-2DP) hay S7-300 c thm m 6un CP 342-5.
5.3.2.3.1 Cc ph*,ng thLc trao 1Ji dG li=u cIa h= hFng DP master:
C@u hnh v+i Simple (Modular hay Compact) DP slave theo cch trao 1Ji
dG li=u slaveTmaster:
Trong c'u hnh ny, dE li/u trao 67i giEa DP master v cc Simple DP slave
(ngh[a l cc DP c c'u hnh v ch)c n2ng 65n giCn). DE li/u c th9 truyHn t,
cc 6@a chQ vo trn DP slave 6n DP master v nh$n t, DP master 69 xu't tr:c
tip ra 6(u ra cIa DP slave. M.i chQ vo/ra trn cc m 6un DP slave 6*<c 'n
6@nh mPt cch t: 6Png bNi ph(n mHm c'u hnh. My l c'u hnh t*5ng 60i 65n

Hnh 5.27 Kt n0i cc rack mN rPng vo rack trung tm trn CPU 414-1
giCn bNi v c'u trc mPt chI lin kt vGi nhiHu tG thng qua mPt subnet Profibus-
DP.

C@u hnh v+i DP salve thng minh (I slave) theo cch trao 1Ji dG li=u I
slaveTmaster:
B.n c th9 chia nh` h/ th0ng t: 6Png cIa b.n thnh cc tc vL nh`
(subtask) m nhEng tc vL 6'y 6*<c 6iHu khi9n bNi nhEng tc vL cIa bP 6iHu
khi9n l$p trnh (PLC) c'p cao h5n. NhEng tc vL 6iHu khi9n ny c th9 6*<c
hon thnh mPt cch 6Pc l$p vGi hi/u su't cao so vGi vi/c xK l l.i cc tc vL
trn cng mPt CPU, nhEng CPU ny c th9 6*<c b7 sung vo v 6ng vai tr l
cc I slave. VGi c'u hnh cIa I slave th DP master khng tru c$p tr:c tip cc m
6un vo/ra trn I slave m chQ truy c$p vo vng 6@a chQ cIa CPU cIa I slave.
MiHu ny c ngh[a rTng vng 6@a chQ ny khng th9 'n 6@nh 6*<c cho cc m 6un
vo ra th:c N trn I slave. Vi/c 'n 6@nh ny phCi 6*<c I slave t.o ra khi 6*<c c'u
hnh.

C@u hnh v+i DP salve thng minh theo cch trao 1Ji dG li=u SlaveUI slave:
VGi c'u hnh ny, dE li/u vo t, cc slave c th9 truyHn thfng 6n I slave
trn subnet Profibus-DP.
VGi c5 ch quCn l ny, t't cC cc DP slave hoBc I slve c th9 cung c'p
mPt s: l:a ch;n dE li/u 6(u vo theo h*Gng trao 67i dE li/u tr:c tip (DX) giEa
DP slave DP slave DP slave DP slave
DP master

Hnh 5.28 S5 6O nguyn l trao 67i dE li/u slaveTmaster

H/ th0ng DP master
DP slave DP slave DP slave I slave
DP master

Hnh 5.29 S5 6O nguyn l trao 67i dE li/u slaveTmaster c s: tham gia cIa I slave
H/ th0ng DP master
cc cc DP slave. ChQ c nhEng I slave (nh* CPU 315-2DP, 316-2DP hay 318-
2DP) c th9 6*<c sK dLng 69 nh$n nhEng dE li/u ny.

C@u hnh v+i hai h= thFng DP master theo cch trao 1Ji dG li=u slaveUI
slave:
Vi h/ thngs DP master trong mPt subnet v$t l Profibus-DP cSng 6*<c
g;i l h/ th0ng multi-master. Trong c'u hnh ny, dE li/u 6(u vo t, DP slave c
th9 6*<c 6;c r't nhanh bNi cc I salve trn cng mPt subnet. NhEng I slave c th9
giao tip vGi cc DP slave nPi bP trong h/ th0ng DP master cIa n hoBc c th9
giao tip vGi cc DP slave trn nhEng h/ th0ng DP master khc (xem hnh 5.31).

VGi c5 ch quCn l ny, I slave nh* l CPU 315-2DP c th9 cho php dE
li/u vo t, cc DP slave truyHn tr:c tip 6n vng dE li/u vo cIa n.
Theo nguyn t^c ny, mUi DP slave c th9 cung c'p s: l:a ch;n dE li/u
vo cho vi/c trao 67i dE li/u tr:c tip giEa cc DP slave.
C@u hnh v+i hai h= thFng DP master theo cch trao 1Ji dG li=u
slaveUmaster:
DE li/u vo t, nhEng I slave v DP slave c th9 6*<c 6;c tr:c tip bNi
master cIa h/ th0ng DP master trn cng mPt subnet v$t l l Profibus-DP (xem
hnh 5.32). C5 ch giao tip ny cn 6*<c g;i l s: chia sY dE li/u 6(u vo v
dE li/u vo 6*<c sK dLng bNi DP master khc.
DP master
Hnh 5.31 Trao 67i tr:c tip giEa cc DP slave trn cc h/ th0ng DP master khc nhau
H/ th0ng DP master 2
DP master
DP slave DP slave DP slave I slave DP slave DP slave
DX
DP slave DP slave DP slave I slave
DP master

Hnh 5.30 S5 6O nguyn l trao 67i tr:c tip giEa cc DP slave

H/ th0ng DP master
DX

5.3.2.3.2 Cch c@u hnh cho h= thFng vo/ra phn tn:
T<o m9t h= thFng DP master:
B(n c th s* d,ng nh.ng biu t$%ng DP master sau:
- MPt CPU vGi s: tch h<p m 6un CP 342-5, CP 443-5 hay DP master 6
6*<c tch h<p onboard trn CPU.
- MPt giao di/n submodule 6*<c 'n 6@nh mPt CPU/FM (v dL IF 964-DP
trn CPU 488-4).
- MPt m 6un giao di/n vGi giao di/n DP master (v dL IM 467).
Cc b$0c th2c hi3n:
- L:a ch;n DP master t, Hardware Catalog (v dL CPU 315-2DP).
- Ko v thC m 6un vo trong hng thch h<p cIa rack. Vo mLc
Properties - PROFIBUS
Node 69 mN hPp tho.i. T.i 6y b.n c th9 th:c hi/n nh* sau:
T.o mPt subnet Profibus mGi hoBc l:a ch;n subnet 6 c
MBt thuPc tnh cho subnet Profibus (vH khoCng cch kt n0i, t0c 6P
truyHn)
MBt 6@a chQ Profibus cIa DP master
- M9 ch'p nh$n vi/c ci 6Bt 'n OK. Bi9u t*<ng sau sY xu't hi/n:

Bi9u t*<ng ny 6*<c xem nh* l ci neo cIa cc DP slave kt n0i vo h/
th0ng DP master.
T<o ra h= thFng gRm vi DP master giao ti6p v+i cc DP slave:
Tch bi3t h3 th4ng DP master:
Nu b.n chn CPU vGi s: tch h<p sWn giao di/n DP hay CPU c km
theo m 6un giao di/n DP (c'u hnh nh* I slave), b.n c th9 c'u hnh cho CPU
hoBc CP nh* mPt DP master vGi h/ th0ng DP master. B.n c th9 tch bi/t h/
th0ng DP master theo cch sau:
- L:a ch;n giao di/n DP master
- L:a ch;n menu l/nh: Edit > Master System > Separate; kch chuPt phCi,
l:a menu ch;n l/nh Master System > Separate. Nh* v$y b.n 6 th:c hi/n
6*<c kt n0i trao 67i dE li/u tr:c tip (DX). Nu khng c nhEng slave
6*<c kt n0i tGi h/ th0ng master th h/ th0ng master ny sY b@ hIy b`.
DP master
Hnh 5.32 Trao 67i tr:c tip giEa cc slave trn cc h/ th0ng DP master khc
DP master
DP slave DP slave DP slave I slave DP slave DP slave
DX
Cch l;a chVn v gi+i h<n cho DP slave:
Khi b.n c'u hnh cho cc DP slave, chng c nhEng nhm sau:
- Compact DP slaves (nhEng m 6un vGi s: tch h<p cc 6@a chQ vo/ra s0
v analog, v dL ET200B)
- Modular DP slaves (nhEng m 6un giao di/n vGi S7 hoBc S5, v dL ET
200M)
- I slave (cc CPU S7-300 c tch h<p giao di/n DP hoBc ET 200X vGi
BM147/CPU)
C@u hnh cho Compact DP slaves:
- L:a ch;n mPt Compact DP slave (v dL ET 200B) t, Hardware Catalog.
- Ko v thC m 6un DP slave vo v@ tr thch h<p trn h/ th0ng DP master:
hPp tho.i Properties - PROFIBUS Node sY 6*<c mN. T.i 6y, b.n c
th9 ci 6Bt cc tham s0 sau:
ThuPc tnh cho subnet Profibus (vH khoCng cch kt n0i, t0c 6P
truyHn)
M@a chQ Profibus cIa DP slave
- Xc nh$n l.i cng vi/c ci 6Bt bTng cch nh'n nt OK.
Kt quC l mPt bi9u t*<ng 6*<c thm vo h/ th0ng DP master vGi s: hi/n
di/n cIa compact DP slave. C'u hnh I/O cIa compact DP slave 6*<c hi9n trong
bCng bn d*Gi cIa cKa s7 c'u hnh.
V dD:
T.o s: kt n0i giEa h/ th0ng DP master trn CPU 414-2DP vGi cc compact DP
slave nh* sau:
v T.o d: n vGi tn compact DP slave
v T.o c'u hnh cho CPU 414-2DP trn rack trung tm CR2/18
v Vo th* mLc ET 200B trn Hardware Catalog ch;n cc DP slave thch
h<p, ko v thC cc DP slave vo subnet Profibus do giao di/n DP master
cIa CPU 414-2DP t.o ra.
Kt quC:

Hnh 5.33 C'u hnh cho h/ th0ng compact DP slave
M@a chQ t: 6Png
hi9n th@
compact DP
slave
C@u hnh cho Modular DP Slaves:
- L:a ch;n m 6un giao di/n cho Modular DP Slave (v dL IM 153 cho ET
200M) t, Hardware Catalog.
- Ko v thC cc DP slave vo subnet Profibus kt n0i vo bi9u t*<ng DP
master, kch chuPt phCi ln m 6un 69 ci 6Bt cc thng s0 thch h<p cho
m 6un.
- Xc nh$n l.i cng vi/c ci 6Bt bTng cch nh'n nt OK. MPt bi9u t*<ng
cho DP slave 6*<c g^n thm vo h/ th0ng DP master.
NhJng m /un Modular DP Slaves bao g$m:
Terminal Blocks (TBSC) cho vi/c kt n0i Smart (h; cc m 6un
ET 200L SC
SC submodules (h; cc m 6un ET 200L SC)
AS-i slave (DP/AS-i link)
NhEng m 6un S7-300 (h; ET 200M)
T<o m9t m9t h= thFng multi-master trn m9t subnet Profibus:
d v dL hnh 5.35, h/ th0ng gOm hai DP master l: CPU 416-2DP l DP master 1
v CPU 412-2DP l DP master 2. DP master 1 quCn l 3 DP slave IM 153 c 6@a
chQ l IM 153(1), IM 153(2), IM 153(4). DP master 2 quCn l mPt DP slave c
6@a chQ IM 153(6).

Hnh 5.34 C'u hnh cho h/ th0ng modular DP slave


Vi3c tnh ton v ci 78t chu k: bus xem ph=n FREEZE trn help online !
5.3.2.3.3 Cch c@u hnh cho I-Slave:
MPt I-Slave l nhEng CPU c s: kt h<p vGi m 6un Profibus CP, xem hnh bn
d*Gi:

S; khc nhau giGa DP slave v I-Slave:
M0i vGi mPt DP slave thng th*4ng nh* compact (ET 200B) hay modular
(ET 200M) th DP master truy c$p vo nhEng 6(u vo/ra phn tn. M0i vGi
nhEng I-Slave, DP master khng truy c$p tr:c tip vo cc 6(u vo/ra trn I-
Slave m chQ truy c$p trong khng gian 6@a chQ vo/ra cIa qu trnh xK l 6*<c
th:c hi/n trn CPU cIa I-Slave.
Wng dDng cIa I-Slave:
I-Slave khng chQ th:c hi/n vi/c trao 67i dE li/u vGi master m cn th:c
hi/n 6*<c vi/c trao 67i dE li/u tr:c tip vGi DP slave m cc DP slave khng th9
lm 6*<c 6iHu ny.
Hnh 5.35 H/ th0ng c nhiHu DP master quCn l cc DP slave ring bi/t

Hnh 5.35 I-Slave ph0i ghp vo h/ th0ng DP master

Cc b*+c c, b.n 12 c@u hnh:
C hai b*Gc 6*<c yu c(u 69 chn I-slave vo trong mPt h/ th0ng DP master:
C'u hnh mPt tr.m vGi m 6un Profibus-DP CP nh* mPt DP slave (c th9
l cc CPU c sWn giao di/n DP hoBc CPU ghp thm m 6un CP).
Kt n0i I-slave ny vo h/ th0ng DP bTng cch 'n 6@nh n vGi mPt DP
master.

Hnh 5.37 C'u hnh I-slave vo h/ th0ng DP master cIa S7-400

Mang Truyen Thong Cong Nghiep

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