bể arotank, uasb, bể, bể biophin

Bi ging K thut x l nc thi Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
Trang 95
Chng 4: X L NC THI BNG PHNG
SINH HC

X l nc thi bng phng php sinh hc l da vo kh nng sng v hot ng
ca VSV c kh nng phn ho nhng hp cht hu c.
Cc cht hu c sau khi phn ho tr thnh nc, nhng cht v c hay cc kh n
gin.
C 2 loi cng trnh x l nc thi bng phng php sinh hc:
- iu kin t nhin.
- iu kin nhn to.

4.1. CNG TRNH X L NC THI TRONG IU KIN T NHIN
4.1.1. Cnh ng ti cng cng v bi lc
Trong nc thi sinh hot cha mt hm lng N, P, K kh ng k. Nh vy, nc
thi l mt ngun phn bn tt c lng N thch hp vi s pht trin ca thc vt.

T l cc nguyn t dinh dng trong nc thi thng l 5:1:2 = N:P:K.

Nc thi CN cng c th s dng nu chng ta loi b cc cht c hi.

s dng nc thi lm phn bn, ng thi gii quyt x l nc thi theo iu
kin t nhin ngi ta dng cnh ng ti cng cng v cnh ng lc.

Nguyn tc hot ng : Vic x l nc thi bng cnh ng ti, cnh ng lc da
trn kh nng gi cc cn nc trn mt t, nc thm qua t nh i qua lc, nh
c oxy trong cc l hng v mao qun ca lp t mt, cc VSV hiu kh hot ng
phn hy cc cht hu c nhim bn. Cng su xung, lng oxy cng t v qu trnh
oxy ha cc cht hu c cng gim xung dn. Cui cng n su ch xy ra
qu trnh kh nitrat. xc nh c qu trnh oxy ha nc thi ch xy ra lp
t mt su ti 1.5m. V vy cc cnh ng ti v bi lc thng c xy dng
nhng ni c mc nc ngun thp hn 1.5m so vi mt t.
Nguyn tc xy dng: Cnh ng ti v bi lc l nhng mnh t c san phng
hoc to dc khng ng k v c ngn cch to thnh cc bng cc b t. Nc
thi phn b vo cc bng h thng mng li phn phi gm : mng chnh, mng
phn phi v h thng ti trong cc . Nu khu t ch dng x l nc thi, hoc
cha nc thi khi cn thit gi l bi lc.

Cnh ng ti, bi lc thng c xy dng nhng ni c dc t nhin, cch
xa khu dn c v cui hng gi. Xy dng nhng ni t ct, ct, cng c th
ni t st, nhng vi tiu chun ti khng cao v m bo t c th thm kp.

Din tch mi khng nh hn 3 ha, i vi nhng cnh ng cng cng din tch
trung bnh cc ly t 5 n 8 ha, chiu di ca nn ly khong 300-1500 m, chiu
rng ly cn c vo a hnh. Mc nc ngm v cc bin php ti khng vt qu
10 -200 m.

Trang 96
Cnh ng ti cng cng v cnh ng lc thng xy dng vi i~0,02

Khong cch v sinh ph thuc vo cng sut:
+ i vi bi lc:
- l=300m; Q=200-5000 m
3
/ng.
- l=500m; Q=5000-50000 m
3
/ng.
- l=1000m; Q>50000 m
3
/ng.
+ i vi cnh ng ti
- l=200m; Q=200-5000 m
3
/ng.
- l=400m; Q=5000-50000 m
3
/ng.
- l=1000m; Q>50000 m
3
/ng.
Mng l ti bao gm:
+ Mng chnh
+ Mng phn phi
+ H thng mng li ti trong cc
+ H thng tiu nc (nu nc khng thm t) . ( Chiu su ng tiu: 1,2-2m)
Kch thc cc ph thuc vo a hnh
+ Cnh ng ti: S
TB
= 5-8 ha

1 1
4 8
R
D

=

+ i vi bi lc th nh hn
+ Tuy nhin chiu di : D = 300-1500 ; R = 100-200
xc nh din tch ca cnh ng ti ngi ta phn bit cc loi tiu chun:
1- T/C tiTB ngy m (m
3
/ng..ha.nm)
2- T/C ti theo v (lng nc ti trong sut t/g mt v).
3- T/C ti 1 ln (lng nc ti 1 ln).
S cnh ng ti
1. Mng chnh v mng phn phi; 2. Mng, rnh phn phi trong
cc ; 3. Mng tiu nc; 4. ng tiu nc; 5. ng i
Trang 97
4- T/C ti bn (lng nc cho 1 loi cy trng xut pht t kh nng bn ca nc
thi).
Din tch thc dng ca cnh ng ti, bi lc:
F
td
=
Q
q
o
(ha)
Vi:
+ q
o
: T/C ti nc ly theo cc bng sau

Tiu chun ti i vi cnh ng cng cng

Tiu chun ti ((m
3
/ha.ng.) t
o
TB nm ca
KK
Loi cy trng
st ct Ct
Vn 45 60 80
6-9,5
o
C
ng 25 30 40
Vn 60 70 85
9,5-11
o
C
ng 30 35 45
Vn 70 80 90
11-15
o
C
ng 35 40 45

Loi cy trng T/C ti (m
3
/ha)
Bp ci sm v xp l 2500-6300
Bp ci mun 5000-7000
C chua 4000-4500
C ci 3000-6500
Khoai ty 1800-2500
Hnh ti, rau thm 5000-10000

T/C ph thuc mc nc ngm
1.5m 2.0m 3.0m
6-11
o
C 70 75 85
A st 11-15
o
C 80 85 100
6-11
o
C 160 130 235
Ct
11-15
o
C 180 210 350

Mi cnh ng c mt vng t d tr

F
dt
=
Q
q
dt
= F
td
q
o
q
dt

Vi:
+ (
q
o
q
dt
= 0.3-0.5)
+ : h s k n vic lng nc thi khu vc d tr lun nh hn d nh v n
ph thuc vo t
o

t < 10
o
C = 0.75
t > 10oC = 0.5
Tng din tch ca cnh ng

F = F
dt
+ F
td
+ K(F
dt
+ F
td
)
Vi:
Trang 98
+ K(F
dt
+ F
td
): phn cng trnh ph, b chn, knh mng)
+ K = (0.15-0.25), thng K = 0.25
Vn tc ti:
+ h = 1.0 m v = 0.15-0.85m/s
+ h 1.0 m v = v
o
h
0.2

h: chiu su TB ca dng chy (m).
v
o
: vn tc khi chiu su dng chy h = 1m.
dc: I = 0.001-0.0005
Lu lng tnh ton cho mng li :

q =
F
td
.m
t
=
mF
td
.1000
t.3600
(l/s)

Vi:
+ m: T/C ti cho loi cy ch yu
+ t: t/g ti
Lu lng nc tnh ton tiu nc:

q
t
=
q
o
T
t
(m
3
/ha.ng.)

Vi:
+ q
o
: T/C ti (m
3
/ha.ng.)
+ T: t/g gia cc ln ti trong ngy (h).
+ t: t/g tiu nc (0.4-0.5)T
V nc khng ng u nn nhn thm h s n (=1.5):
q
mt
= q
t
.n.
1000
86400
(l/s.ha)
(modun dng chy tiu nc)
Lu lng tnh cho 1 ng:
q
1
= F
1
. q
m
.t (F
1
: din tch phc v)
F
1
=
bl
10000
(ha)

Vi:
+ b: khong cch gia cc ng tiu nc.
+ l: chiu di ng tiu.
l = 629(H-h)
2
k
p

Vi:
+ H: chiu su chn cng
+ h: chiu su ca lp t cn tiu nc
+ k: h s thm

Loi t
Kch thc ht t
(mm)
H s thm (cm/s)

Ct 1.22-0.12 1-0.01
A ct 0.12-0.076 0.01-0.004
Trang 99
A st 0.076-0.038 0.004-0.001
St thm nc 0.038 0.001

+ P: chiu cao lp nc tiu i trong ngy

4.1.2. Cnh ng ti nng nghip:
T lu ngi ta cng ngh n vic s dng nc thi nh ngun phn bn ti ln cc
cnh ng nng nghip nhng vng ngoi .
Theo ch nc ti ngi ta chia thnh 2 loi:
- Thu nhn nc thi quanh nm
- Thu nc thi theo ma
Khi thu hoch, gieo ht hoc v ma ma ngi ta li gi tr nc thi trong cc m h (h
nui c, h sinh hc, h iu ha,) hoc x ra cnh ng c, cnh ng trng cy a nc
hay hay vo vng d tr.
Chn loi cnh ng no l ty thuc vo c im thot nc ca vng v loi cy trng
hin c
Trc khi a vo cnh ng , nc thi phi c x l s b qua song chn rc, b lng ct
hoc b lng. Tiu chun ti ly thp hn cnh ng cng cng v c kin chuyn gia
nng nghip.
b

4.1.3. H sinh hc:
Cu to: H sinh vt l cc ao h c ngun gc t nhin hoc nhn to, cn gi l h oxy ha,
h n nh nc thi, Trong h sinh vt din ra qu trnh oxy ha sinh ha cc cht hu c
nh cc loi vi khun, to v cc loi thy sinh vt khc.

Nguyn tc hot ng: Vi sinh vt s dng oxy sinh ra t ru to trong qu trnh quang hp
cng nh oxy ha t khng kh oxy ha cc cht hu c, rong to li tiu th CO
2
,
photphat v nitrat amon sinh ra t s phn hy, oxy ha cc cht hu c bi vi sinh vt. h
hot ng bnh thng cn phi gi gi tr pH v nhit ti u. Nhit khng c thp
h
H
h
o
b
P =
q
o
T
t.1000

Trang 100
hn 6
0
C. Theo qu trnh sinh ha, ngi ta chia h sinh vt ra cc loi:h hiu kh, h k kh
v h ty nghi.
H sinh hc dng x l nc thi bng sinh hc ch yu da vo qu trnh lm sch
ca h.
Ngoi vic x l nc thi cn c nhim v:
+ Nui trng thu sn.
+ Ngun nc ti cho cy trng.
+ iu ho dng chy.
C cc loi sau y:
+ H k kh.
+ H k hiu kh
+ H hiu kh.
4.1.3.1_ H k kh
a/ c im
o Dng lng v phn hu cn lng bng PP sinh hc t nhin da trn s phn
gii ca VSV k kh.
o Chuyn dng x l nc thi CN nhim bn.
o Khong cch v sinh (cch XN thc phm): 1.5-2 km.
o Chiu su: h = 2.4-3.6.m
b/ Tnh ton: ch yu l theo kinh nghim
o Sk kh = (10-20%) Sk hu kh
o t/g lu
+ Ma h: 1.5 ngy
+ Ma ng: > 5 ngy
o E% BOD
+ Ma h: 65-80%
+ Ma ng: 45-65%
c/ Lu
o H c 2 ngn d phng (tho bn, )
o Ca cho nc thi vo phi t chm
o S < 0.5 ha: 1 ming x
o S > 0.5 ha: b sung thm
o Ca ly nc thit k ging thu nc b mt.
4.1.3.2_ H k hiu kh: thng gp
Trong h xy ra 2 qu trnh song song
+ Oxy ho hiu kh.
+ Phn hy metan cn lng.
C 3 lp:
+ Hiu kh
+ Trung gian
+ K kh
Ngun oxy cp ch yu l do qu trnh quang hp rong to.
Qu trnh k kh y ph thuc vo to.
Chiu su ca h k hiu kh: 0.9-1.5 m.

TNH TON
1/ Chiu su ca h: 0.9-1.5 m
2/ T l chiu di v rng:
D
R
= (
1
1
:
2
1
)
3/ Vng c gi: S rng ; Vng t gi: H c nhiu ngn
4/ Nu y d thm ph lp t st S = 15 cm
Trang 101
Mc nc H
ng dn
nc
ng dn
nc
Ong dn nc ra
Mc nc H
1
Tm ngn ni
5/ B h c mi dc:
+ Trong (1:1 1.5:1)
+ Ngoi (2:1 2.5:1)
6/ Nn trng c dc h (cch mt taly v y 30 cm phi gia c b tng).
7/ Cu to ca vo v ca ra:

8/ Hiu qu x l
E =
L
t
L
a
=
1
1 + k
t
t

Vi:
+ L
a
: BOD
5
nc thi (mg/l)
+ Lt: BOD
5
x l
+ t: t/g lu nc thi
+ k
t
: H s ph thuc vo t
o

k
t
=k
20 .
C
(T - 20)

k
20
= (0.5-1): nc thi sinh hot
k
20
= (0.3-2.5): nc thi CN
C = (1.035-1.074): h t nhin
C = (1.045): tip kh nhn to
T: nhit h (
o
C)
9/ Thi gian lu nc:

t =
L
a
- L
t
k
t
.L
t

Trang 102
10/ Ti lng BOD5: BOD
5
= 11.2(1.054)
(1.8T + 32)

4.1.3.3. H hiu kh: Oxy ho cc cht HC nh VSV hiu kh. C 2 loi:
a/ H lm thong t nhin: cp oxy ch yu do khuych tn khng kh qua mt nc v
quang hp ca cc thc vt.
Chiu su ca h: 30-50 cm.
Ti trng BOD: 250-300 kg/ha.ngy.
t/g lu nc: 3-12 ngy.
Din tch h ln.
b/ H lm thong nhn to: cp oxy bng kh nn, my khuy,
Chiu su: h = 2-4.5 m.
Ti trng BOD: 400 kg/ha.ngy.
Thi gian lu: 1-3 ngy.
Tuy nhin hot ng nh h k hiu kh.

V d p dng: Tnh h sinh hc cho cng trnh x l nc thi khu th vi cc s liu cho sau
y:

Cc s liu u vo tnh ton:
Lu lng trung bnh ca nc thi trong ngy m: Q = 2988,6 m
3
/ng;
Hm lng cht l lng: 52,5 mg/L;
Hm lng NOS
20
sau x l: 140 mg/L;
Nhit ca nc thi: 25
0
C.
S liu u ra cn t:
Hm lng cht l lng 25 mg/L
Hm lng NOS
20
70 mg/L
Chn h sinh hc hiu kh hai bc vi lm thong t nhin tnh ton thit k. Phng php tnh
ton da theo TCXD-51-84, ph lc E, mc 6.
a. Tnh ton h sinh hc bc I:
Gi s rng hiu qu x l nc thi h sinh vt bc I t 30%. Nh vy, hm lng NOS
20
ca
nc thi ra khi h bc I s l 140 x 70% = 98 mg/L. Thi gian lu nc ti h bc I c tnh theo
cng thc:
5 , 3
98
140
lg
1258 , 0 35 , 0
1
lg
1
1 1
1
=
= =
t
a
L
L
K
t
ngy m
Trong :
1
: H s s dng th tch h: chn t l B:L = 1:1 - 1:3,
1
= 0,35;
K
1
: Hng s nhit , ng vi nhit nc thi h bc I l 25
0
C, ta c:
( )
1258 , 0 047 , 1 1 , 0
20 25
1
= =

K ;
L
a
: Hm lng NOS
20
dn vo h bc I;
L
t
: Hm lng NOS
20
t h bc I dn vo h bc II.
Th tch h bc I c tnh theo cng thc:
10460 5 , 3 6 , 2988
1 1
= = t Q W
tb
ngd
m
3

Din tch mt thong ca h bc I c tnh theo cng thc:
Trang 103
( )
( )
( )
( )
74279
5 , 4 5 58 , 8 9 , 0
98 140 58 , 8 6 , 2988
0
1

=

=
r p
t a p
tb
ngd
T C C a
L L C Q
F m
2

Trong :
C
p
: Lng oxy ha tan tng ng vi nhit ca nc trong h, ly C
p
= 8,58 mg/L;
C
0
: Hm lng oxy ha tan trong nc ra khi h, ly = 5 - 6 mg/L;
L
a
: Hm lng NOS
20
dn vo h bc I;
L
t
: Hm lng NOS
20
t h bc I dn vo h bc II;
T
r
: ha tan t nhin ca khng kh vo nc ng vi thiu ht oxy bng 1, ly
bng 4 - 6 g/m
3
.ng, chn T
r
= 4,5 g/m
3
.ng;
a : H s c trng tnh cht b mt ca h:
Khi b h khc khuu, a = 0,5 - 0,6;
Khi b h bnh thng, a = 0,8 - 0,9, ly a = 0,9.
Chn thit k h sinh hc bc I gm 4 n nguyn, ta tnh c kch thc mi h sinh hc
bc I trn mt bng c chn nh sau:
m m B L 125 150 18570
4
74279
1 1
= =
Chiu su lp nc ca h sinh vt bc I:
56 , 0
18570
10460
1
1
1
= = =
F
W
H m
b. Tnh ton h sinh hc bc II:
Thi gian lu nc ti h bc I c tnh theo cng thc:
6 , 1
70
98
lg
1148 , 0 8 , 0
1
lg
1
2 2
2
=
= =
r
t
L
L
K
t
ngy m
Trong :
2
: H s s dng th tch h,
2
= 0,8 ng vi t l B : L n 1 : 30;
K
2
: Hng s nhit , ng vi nhit nc thi h bc II l 23
0
C, ta c:
( )
1148 , 0 047 , 1 1 , 0
20 23
2
= =

K ;
L
t
: Hm lng NOS
20
dn vo h bc II;
L
r
: Hm lng NOS
20
cn t sau x l.
Th tch h bc II c tnh theo cng thc:
4755 6 , 1 6 , 2988
2 2
= = t Q W
tb
ngd
m
3

Din tch mt thong ca h bc I c tnh theo cng thc:
( )
( )
( )
( )
49520
5 , 4 5 58 , 8 9 , 0
70 98 58 , 8 6 , 2988
0
2

=

=
r p
r t p
tb
ngd
T C C a
L L C Q
F m
2

Chn thit k h sinh hc bc II gm 2 n nguyn, ta tnh c kch thc mi h sinh hc
bc II trn mt bng c chn nh sau:
Trang 104
m m B L 155 160 24760
2
49520
2 2
= =
Chiu su lp nc ca h sinh vt bc II:
2 , 0
24760
4755
2
2
2
= =
F
W
H m

4.2. CNG TRNH X L SINH HC NHN TO
4.2.1. B lc sinh hc (B Biophin)( c lp vt liu khng ngp nc)

Cu to: c vt liu tip xc khng ngp nc.
- Cc lp vt liu c rng v din tch ln nht (nu c th).
- Nc thi c phn phi u.
- Nc thi sau khi tip xc VL to thnh cc ht nh chy thnh mng nh lung
qua khe h VL lc.
- b mt VL lc v cc khe h gia chng cc cn bn c gi li to thnh
mng _ Mng sinh hc.
- Lng oxy cn thit cp lm oxy ho cht bn i t y ln.
- Nhng mng VS cht s cng nc thi ra khi b c gi b lng 2.
Vt liu lc:
- C din tch b mt/v din tch ln
- Than cc, cc, cui si ln, ong (60-100 mm)
- HVL = 1.5-2.5 m.
- Nha c sn PVC c s dng rng ri ngy nay HVL = 6=9 m.
H thng phn phi nc:
- Dn ng t ng qua (b trn, thp lc).
- Dn ng c nh (lc sinh hc nh git) cao ti.
SO BAN VE : 15
THANG 12 - 2004
BAN VE SO : 11 GVHD
SVTH
CNBM
NGUYEN KHA TUAN
GS TS. LAM MINH TRIET
GV KS. LAM VNH SN
LUAN VAN TOT NGHIEP
TY LE : 1:80
TRNG HDL KTCN TP. HO CH MINH
KHOA MOI TRNG
NGHIEN CU CAI TAO HE THONG X LY NC THAI TAP TRUNG
KHU CONG NGHIEP VIET NAM - SINGAPORE
THAP LOC
SINH HOC
MkT 8kh
7000
6hI TIET 0h 0kY Fhkh Fh0I h006
TL 1.10
2020
150
4754
15000
19300
4753
15460
17260
600
800
60 k h00 6 T0kh h0kh LkI
h0 80M 8Ihh h06
1000
50
Z0
100
60
4753
800 Z80
1500
800
760
800 160
4754
k
800
800
800
3125
800
Z80
800
160 760
160
7604753
800
k k
400
4000
800
600
860 160
1Z00
800
60 k h00 6 0k 8E kE0TEh
3980
200 60
0 h h006 T0kh h0kh
T0 Mk Y E F 80h
100
860 Z000
8E T0k h h0kh
1600
800
800
0h 806 kh
Thkh Thk M
k
4753
800
Z80
160 800
60T 800*800
Ik 0 Vk T LIE 0 L06
60 T 800 x 800 mm
Vk T LIE 0 L06
k h Fhk h Fh0I h00 6
6k 0 Thkh
60 k h00 6 k
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
6k6h 8kF XEF VkT LIE0 L06
6k6h 80 T hE Th0h Fhkh Fh0I h006
h00 6 Vk0
1000
Z000
7000
7000
7000
7000
30
1000
Vk T LIE 0 L06
T LE 1.16
500
3000
4000
6hI TIET 1
k h 0h Fhkh Fh0 I h00 6 0 4 06 ThkF
T LE 1.Z
100
500
3000
60
500
50
500
6hI TIET 1
CHI TIET THAP LOC SINH HOC
Lc sinh hc c vt liu khng ngp nc
Trang 105
- Khong cch t vi phun n b mt VL: 0.2-0.3 m.
Sn v thu nc: c 2 nhim v:
- Thu u nc c cc mnh v ca mng sinh hc b trc.
- Phn phi u gi vo b lc duy tr MT hiu kh trong cc khe rng.
- Sn bng b tng v sn nung
- Khong cch t sn phn phi n y b thng 0.6-0.8 m, i = 1-2 %
Phn loi b lc sinh hc:

Thng s n v o Ti trng thp Ti trng cao
Chiu cao lp VL m 1-3 0.9-2.4 ()
6-8 (nha tm)
Loi VL cc, than cc,
ong,
cc, than,
ong, nha c.
Ti trng theo cht HC Kg BOD
5
/1 m
3
.ngy 0.08-0.4 0.4-1.6
Ti trng thu lc theo din
tch b mt
m
3
/m
2
.ngy 1-4.1 4.1-40.7
Hiu qu BOD % 80-90 65-85

TNH TON
1/ Hiu qu kh BOD:
E = (%)

Vi:
+ W: ti trng BOD ca b lc (kg/ngy)
W = Q (S
o
S) (S: 14 - 15 mg/l)
+ V: th tch VL lc
V
1
=
S
o
- S
CO
: th tch / 1m
3
nc

6 < t
kk
< 10
o
C: CO = 250
t
kk
> 10
o
C: CO = 300
t
kk
10
o
C: CO = 30
t
1
10
0
C

(CO: cng sut oxy ho (g/m
3
.ng.) )
V = V
1
Q
+ F: thng s tun hon nc
F =
1+R
(1 +
R
10
)
2

R =
Q
T
Q
: H s tun hon

2/ Xc nh li th tch VL lc theo hiu sut E
o

E
o
=
100
1 +
0.4333
1 - E

2
W
VF

Gii PT V
mi

4/ Din tch b lc:
Trang 106
S =
V
H

5/ ng knh b lc
D =
4S

Nu Hnh ch nht: S = DxR
6/ Ti trng thu lc:
a =
Q + Q
T
S

7/ Ti trng cht HC

b =
W
V
(kg BOD / 1 m
3
.ngy)

8/ Lng kh cp:
W
KK
=
f
21

Vi:
+ f: lng BOD
20
nc thi
+ 21: t l oxy khng kh
Cc cng thc tnh ti trng trn p dng tnh b lc sinh hc l cc, si, (60-100
mm); HVL = 0.9-2.5 m.
i vi b lc sinh hc c lp vt liu l cc tm nha gp np, HVL = 4-9 m: thp
sinh hc.
1/ Ti trng:

Co = P.H.K
T
/ (g BOD
5
/ m
2
.ngy)
Vi:
+ H: chiu cao vt liu lc
+ P: rng lp VL (%).
+ K
T
: hng s nhit (
o
C)
K
T
= K
20
. 1,047
T 20
= 0,2 . 1,047
T 20

+ : ph thuc BOD
5
u ra.

S (mg/l) 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
3.3 2.6 2.25 2 1.75 1.6 1.45 1.3

2/ Ti trng thu lc tnh bng (m
3
NT/m
3
TTVL lc)
q
o
= Co . F
a
/S
o

Vi:
+ F
a
: din tch b mt VL lc trn 1 n v VL lc (m
2
/m
3
)
+ S
o
: BOD
5
vo
4/ Th tch VL lch

W =
Q
q
o

Trang 107

10.2.2._ B lc sinh hc c lp VL ngp trong nc thi

Trong lp VL lc BOD b kh v chuyn ho NH
4
+
NO
3
-

Khi tn tht trong lp VL lc = 0,5 m ng van v x cn (30-40 giy)
Cng ra lc: 12-14 l/s.m2
TNH TON
+ BOD
5
500
+ Tc lc 3m/h.
+ d
ht
= 2-5 mm.
+ Hiu qu lc:
K =
S
o
S
= 10
F+

Vi:
- F: chun s : F = H.B
0,6
.K
T
/q
0,4

Trong :
NH
3
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O
BOD + NH
3
+ O
2
T bo VS (C
5
H
7
NO
2
) + O
2
+ H
2
O
O
2

+ O
2
NO
2
-

+ O
2
NO
3
-

CHI TIET BE LOC SINH HOC
SO BA N VE: 11
TY LE 1:1
12 / 2007
BA N VE SO: 08
CHI TIET BE LOC SINH HOC
TRNG AI HO C KY THUAT - CONG NGHE
KHOA MOI TRNG - CNSH
Th.s. LAMVNH SN
NGUYEN CO NG HANH
O AN TOT NGHIEP
THIET KE HE THONG X LY NUC THAI SINHHOAT
KHU DAN C TAN QUY ONG-QUAN 7
SVTH
GVHD
CHI TIET 2
ONG DAN NC THAI RA 250
CHI TIET 2 (TY LE 20/1)
A SUC KH
CHI TIET 1 (TY LE 20/1)
CHAN E ONG DAN KH
CHI TIET 1
MANG CHAY TRAN
ONG DAN NC THAI VAO 90
ONG DAN NC THAI VAO 90
ONG DAN KH NHANH 60
VAT LIEU BAM DNH
CHI TIET BO VAT LIEU BAMDNH
(O NG PVC RUO T GA 34)
ONG PHAN PHOI NC THAI UC LO 42
CHI TIET3
CHI TIET 3
(ONG PHAN PHOI N C 42 UC LO)
MAT CAT A-A
MAT CAT B-B
MAT BANG
0.00 0.00 0.00
CAU THANG
LAN CAN
B
A
A
B
ONG DAN NC THAI RA 250
SO ? KHNG GIAN M?NG LU? I PHN PH? I KH
2000
VAT LIEU BAMDNH
ONG DAN KH CHNH 168
200
200
6000
200
200
42
D20
1000 1000 1000
500
3000
2200
200
1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
R60
200
200
200
2000
3000
500
200
200
200
500 1000 500 500 1000 500 500 1000 500
200
200 200
200
31000
300
20 60 20
Lc sinh hc c lp vt liu ngp trong nc nc
Trang 108
K
T
= 0,2 x 1,047
T 20

T (
o
C): nhit nc thi
H: chiu cao lp VL lc
B: lu lng n v ca KK: 8 12 (m
3
KK / 1 m
3
nc thi)
- q: ti trng thu lc (20-80 m
3
/m
2
.ng).
- , : ph thuc vo q
v
ca KK, vo F

B F
8
0.662
0.662
1.51
0.47
0
0.69
10
0.85
0.85
1.2
0.4
0.13
0.83
12
1.06
1.06
1.1
0.2
0.19
1.15

Bi tp p dng 1. Tnh ton b lc sinh hc c lp vt liu ngp nc
- BOD
5
= 190 mg/l
- Tc lc 3m/h.
- d
ht
= 2-5 mm.
- Hiu qu lc:
K =
S
o
S
= 10
F+
Trong : S
o
: Nng BOD
5
u vo b lc sinh hc, S
o
= 190 mg/l
S

: Nng BOD
5
u ra b lc sinh hc
F : Chun s : F =
4 . 0
6 . 0
q
K B H
vl

=
4 . 0
6 . 0
50
251 . 0 10 2
= 0.418
K
T
= 0.2 x 1.047
T 20
= 0.2 x 1.047
(25 - 20)
= 0.251
T (
o
C): Nhit nc thi, T = 25
o
C
H
vl
: Chiu cao lp vt liu lc, H
vl
= 1.5 - 2m, Chn H
vl
= 2m
B: Lu lng n v ca khng kh: 8 12 (m
3
khng kh /m
3
nc thi). Chn B = 10 (m
3

khng kh /m
3
nc thi)
q: Ti trng thu lc (20-80 m
3
/m
2
.ng), chn q = 50 (m
3
/m
2
.ng)
, : Ph thuc vo q
nv
ca khng kh v chun s F. Chn = 1.51, = 0
B F
8
0.662
0.662
1.51
0.47
0
0.69
10
0.85
0.85
1.2
0.4
0.13
0.83
12
1.06
1.06
1.1
0.2
0.19
1.15

+
=
F
S
S
10
0

=> S =
+ F
S
10
0
=
662 . 0 51 . 1
10
190
= 19 mg/l
- Th tch b lc sinh hc:
Trang 109
( )
NO
Q S S
W
Ngy
TB

=
0

Trong : S
o
: Nng BOD
5
u vo b lc sinh hc, S
o
= 190 mg/l
S

: Nng BOD
5
u ra b lc sinh hc, S = 13.45 mg/l
Ngy
TB
Q : Lu lng trung bnh ngy m,
Ngy
TB
Q = 1200 m
3
/ngym
NO : Nng lc oxy ha ca b lc, NO = 550 gO
2
/m
3
.ngym (X l nc thi th v cng
nghip Lm Minh Trit)
( )
550
1200 19 190
= W = 373 m
3
- Din tch hu ch ca b lc sinh hc:
n H
W
F
vl

=
Trong : n : So ngn ca b lc sinh hc. Chn n = 1
1 2
373
= F = 186.5 m
2

Chn chiu di ca b D = 31m, chiu rng R = 6m
- Chiu cao phn y h
1
= 0.5 m
- Chiu cao lp vt liu H
vl
= 2 m
- Chiu cao dnh cho vt liu dn n h
2
= 1 m
- Chiu cao phn cha nc ra h
3
= 1 m
- Chiu cao bo v h
bv
= 0.5 m
Tng chiu cao b lc: H = H
vl
+ h
1
+ h
2
+ h
3
+ h
bv
= 2 + 0.5 + 1 + 1 + 0.5 = 5 m
* Lng kh cn thit
- Lu lng khng kh cn cung cp cho b iu ha:
h
k
Q B L
max
=
Trong : B: Lu lng n v ca khng kh: 8 12 (m
3
khng kh /m
3
nc thi). Chn B = 10 (m
3

khng kh /m
3
nc thi)
h
Q
max
: Lu lng gi ln nht,
h
Q
max
= 83 m
3
/h
83 10 =
k
L = 830 m
3
/h
Chn h thng cung cp kh bng ng thp, phn phi kh bng a sc kh, c phn b dc theo
chiu di b cch nhau 1m. Nh vy c tt c 30 ng.
- Lu lng kh trong mi ng:
q
ng
=
10
830
10
=
kh
L
= 83 m
3
/h
Trong : Vn tc kh trong ng 10 15 m/s. Chn v
ng
= 10 m/s
- ng knh ng chnh:
3600 10
830 4
3600
4

=

=

ng
kh
ng
v
L
D = 0.171 m = 171 mm
Chn ng chnh D
ng
= 168 mm.
Trang 110
- ng knh ng nhnh:
3600 10
83 4
3600
4

=

=

ng
ng
ng
v
q
d = 0.54 m = 54 mm
Chn ng phn phi kh c d
ng
= 60 mm.
- Chn dng a xp: ng knh : d = 300 mm
Din tch b mt : f = 0.07 m
2

Cng kh 200 l/pht.a = 3.33 l/s
- S lng a phn phi trong b :
=
33 . 3
k
L
=
3600 33 . 3
1000 830
= 69.23
=> S lng a: chn = 90 a
- B tr h thng sc kh: Chiu rng :B = 6 m
Chiu di : D = 31 m
S lng a 90 a chia lm 30 hng, mi hng 3 i c phn b u cch mt sn ca b 1x2 m,
cch mt sn 0.2 m
- Xc nh cng sut thi kh:
( )
n
L p
W
kh

=
102
1 34400
29 . 0

Trong : L
kh
: Lu lng kh cn cung cp. L
kh
= 0.23 (m
3
/s)
n: Hiu sut my bm: Chn n = 75%
p: Ap lc ca khng kh nn
33 . 10
4 . 5 33 . 10
33 . 10
33 . 10 +
=
+
=
d
H
p = 1.52 (atm)
Trong : H
d
= h
d
+ h
c
+ h
f
+ H
h
d
: Tn tht do ma st
h
c
: Tn tht cc b ng h
d
+ h
c
0.4 Chn h
d
+ h
c
= 0.4
h
f
: Tn tht qua thit b phn phi kh. h
f
0.5Chn h
f
= 0.5
H: Chiu cao hu ch ca b, H = 4.5 m
H
d
= 0.4 + 0.5 + 4.5 = 5.4 m
Vy cng sut thi kh l:
( )
75 . 0 102
23 . 0 1 52 . 1 34400
29 . 0

= W = 13.35 (KW/h)
- Cng sut thc ca my thi kh:
N
tt
= 1.2 x W = 1.2 x 13.35 = 16 KW/h
Vy chn 2 my thi kh c cng sut 18 KW / h. Hai my chy lun phin nhau cung cp kh cho 2
b iu ha v b lc sinh hc
Tm tt kch thc b lc sinh hc:
K hiu Kch thc
D x R x (H + h
bv
) 31m x 6m x (4.5m + 0.5)

Cng sut my sc kh(W) 13.35 KW/h
Trang 111
Bi tp v d p dng 2. Tnh b lc sinh hc nh git
Tnh ton theo ti trng thy lc:
Xc nh h s K:
3 , 16
120
3 , 1956
= = =
t
a
L
L
K
Trong :
L
a
: Lng NOS
20
trc khi a vo b Biophin;
L
t
: Lng NOS
20
cn t sau x l ti b.
Chn ti trng thy lc q
0
= 20 m
3
/m
2
.ng
Vi l do:
Khng tun hon nc thi;
Lng khng kh cp vo nh;
Chiu cao cng trnh nh;
Din tch cng trnh nh.
Ta chn cc s liu nh sau:
B = 8 m
3
/m
2
.ng
H = 3,5 m
Vi lu lng khng kh a vo b B = 8 m
3
/m
2
nc thi
Khi chiu cao cng tc b: H = 3,5 m; (tra bng 7.5 Gio trnh x l nc thi HXD, 1975) ta c h s K
1

= 18,05 > K = 16,3 nn khng cn tun hon nc thi.
Din tch b Biophin:
43 , 149
20
6 , 2988
0
= = =
q
Q
F
tb
ngd
m
2

Trong :
tb
ngd
Q : Lu lng nc thi trung bnh ngy m;
q
0
: Ti trng thy lc.
Th tch ca b:
523 5 , 3 43 , 149 = = H F W m
3

Chn s b n = 4
Din tch mt bng mt b:
36 , 37
4
43 , 149
4
= = =
F
f m
2

ng knh b:
9 , 6
14 , 3
36 , 37 4 4
=
= =
f
D m
Chiu cao xy dng b Biophin:
05 , 6 5 , 0 25 , 0 1 4 , 0 5 , 3
5 4 3 2 1
= + + + + = + + + + + = h h h h h H H
ct xd
m
Trong :
H
ct
: Chiu su ca lp vt liu lc, H
ct
= 3,5 m;
Trang 112
h
1
: Chiu su t mt nc trong b n lp vt liu lc, h
1
= 0,4 m;
h
2
: Chiu su khng gian gi sn vt liu lc v nn, h
2
= 1 m;
h
3
: su ca mng thu nc chnh, h
3
= 0,25 m;
h
4
: su ca phn mng, h
4
= 0,5 m;
h
5
: Chiu cao bo v (t mt nc n thnh b), h
5
= 0,5 m.
Cu to ca lp vt liu lc gm:
Si vi c ng knh ht l 5 mm;
Lp lt sn vt liu lc 0,2 m;
Dng si vi c ng knh 6 - 10 mm.
Tnh ton h thng ti phn lc:
B Biophin thit k dng hnh trn, phn phi nc bng h thng ti phn lc vi cc cnh ti t cch
lp vt liu lc 0,2 m.
Lu lng tnh ton nc thi trn 1 b Biophin cao ti:
86 , 16
4
45 , 67
. max
= = =
n
Q
q
s
L/s
ng knh h thng ti:
7 , 6 2 , 0 9 , 6 2 , 0 = = =
b t
D D m
Trong : 0,2 l khong cch gia u ng ti ti thnh b
Chn 4 ng phn phi trong h thng ti ng knh mi ng ti c xc nh theo cng thc:
16 , 0
8 , 0 14 , 3 4
067 , 0 4
. . 4
. 4
=

= =

q
D m, chn D = 200 mm
Trong :
v : Vn tc chuyn ng ca nc trong ng; v 1 m/s, chn v = 0,8 m/s.
S l trn mi ng ti:
42
6700
80
1 1
1
80
1 1
1
2 2

=
t
D
m l
Khong cch t mi l n trc ng ng l:
m
i D
r
t
i
=
2

Trong : i l s th t ca l k t trc cch ti:
517
42
1
2
6700
=
i
r mm
731
42
2
2
6700
=
i
r mm
S vng quay ca h thng trong:
62 , 3 215 , 4
6700 12 42
10 8 , 34 10 8 , 34
2
6
0 2
1
6
=

=

= q
D d m
n
t
vng/pht
Trong :
Trang 113
d
1
: ng knh l trn ng ti d = 12 mm (theo iu 6.14-20 TCXD-51-84);
q
0
: Lu lng mi ng ti, q
0
= 215 , 4
4
86 , 16
= L/s
p lc cn thit ca h thng ti:
+ =
3 2 4
0
6
2 4
1
6
2
0
10 .
. 294 10 . 81
.
10 . 256
K
D
d m d
q h
t

13 , 240
10 . 300
6700 294
200
10 . 81
42 12
10 . 256
215 , 4
3 4
6
2 4
6
2
=
= h mm = 0,24 m
Trong :
k : Mun lu lng ly theo bng: k = 300 (Tra bng 7.5, Gio trnh x l nc thi HXD,
1974)
Ta c h= 0,24 m > 0,2 m tha mn p lc yu cu h thng ti phn lc hot ng c.

4.2.2. B Aerotank
4.2.2.1- ng hc ca qa trnh x l sinh hc
qu trnh x l bng PP sinh hc xy ra tt th cn thit phi to iu kin pH, nhit ,
. Lc qu trnh x l s xy ra.:
a/ Tng trng TB: Tc tng trng c th biu din
r
t
= .X =
d
x
d
t
= .x (1)
Vi:
+ r
t
: tc tng trng ca VK.(g/m
3
.s)
+ : tc tng trng ring 1/s.
+ X: nng bn hot tnh (g/m
3
)
b/ Cht nn- gii hn tng trng
Trong qu trnh sinh trng cht nn (BOD) cp lin tc qu trnh tng trng tun theo
nh lut:
=
m

S
K
s
+ S
(2)
Vi:
+
m
: tc tng trng ring max.
+ S: nng cht nn trong nc thi thi im tng trng b hn ch (lc s
lng cht nn ch c gii hn).(nng cn li trong nc thi)
+ K
s
: hng s bn tc (ni ln s nh hng ca nng cht nn thi im:
=
max
2

T (1) v (2) r
t
=
m
.X.S
K
s
+ S
(3)
c/ S tng trng TB v s dng cht nn

Cht nn
Cc TB mi
Hp th cht nn
Cht VC v HC n nh
Oxy ho
Tip tc
Trang 114

Quan h gia tc tng trng v lng cht nn c s dng:
r
t
= -Y.r
d
(4)

Vi:
+ r
d
: tc s dng cht nn (g/m
3
.s).
+ Y: h s nng sut s dng cht nn cc i (mg/mg).

T (3) v (4)

r
d
=
m
.X.S
Y(K
s
+ S)
=
K.X.S
K
s
+ S
(t K =
m
Y
) (5)
d/ nh hng h hp ni bo
S gim khi lng ca cc TBo do cht v tng trng chm t l vi lng vi sinh c
trong nc thi v gi l phn hu ni bo (endogenous decay).
r
d
= -K
d
.X
Vi:
+ r
d
: (do phn hy ni bo) s dng cht nn.
+ K
d
:h s phn hu ni bo
+ X: nng bn hot tnh.

Do , tc tng trng thc:
r
t
=
m
.X.S
K
s
+ S
- K
d
.X = (

m
.S
K
s
+ S
- K
d
).X

Hay r
t
= -Yr
d
K
d
.X
Tc tng trng ring thc:
=
m
.
S
K
s
+ S
- K
d

- Tc tng sinh khi (bn hot tnh):
y
b
=
r
t
'
r
d

4.2.2.2- Nguyn l lm vic ca b Aerotank
B A c a ra v nghin cu rt lu (t 1887-1914 p dng).
B A l cng trnh XL sinh hc s dng bn hot tnh ( l loi bn xp cha nhiu
VS c kh nng oxy ho cc cht hu c).
Thc cht qu trnh x l nc thi bng b A vn qua 3 giai on:
+ Giai on 1: Tc xoxy ho xc nh bng tc tiu th oxy.
+ Giai on 2: Bn hot tnh khi phc kh nng oxy ho, ng thi oxy ho tip
nhng cht HC chm oxy ho.
+ Giai on 3: Giai on nit ho v cc mui amn.
Khi s dng b A phi c h thng cp kh (hnh v theo ti liu).
4.2.2.3- Phn loi b Aerotant
a/ Theo nguyn l lm vic
B A thng thng: cng sut ln
+ B A x l sinh ho khng hon ton (BOD
20 ra
~ 60-80 mg/l)
+ B A x l sinh ho hon ton (BOD
20 ra
~ 15-20).
Trang 115
B A sc cha cao: BOD
20
> 500 mg/l.
b/ Phn loi theo s cng ngh
A 1 bc
A

2 bc
c/ Cu trc dng chy
A y

A trn

A kiu hn hp.

d/ Theo PP lm thong
Bng kh nn
Khuy c hc
Thong kt hp
Qut gi
4.2.2.4- Cc dng s b A
S 1 (p dng rng ri)

- A mt bc, khng c ngn phc hi bn
- Thit b v qun l n gin

A Lng II
Cn d
Bn hot tnh
Nc vo
Bn hot tnh
tun hon
Khng kh
Nc ra
Nc t b lng
ln th nht
Khng kh
Bn hot tnh tun hon
Nc ra khi b
Bn hot tnh
tun hon
Khng kh
Nc ra
Nc t b lng ln th nht
Trang 116
MOHNH TH NGHIEM BUN HOATTNH
VI
II
IV IV
IV
III
IV
V
IV I
S 2

S 3:

4.2.2.5- Tnh ton b
a. Xc nh cng thc v xc nh ng hc (nhc li nh hng ca phn hu ni bo)
r
t
= -Yr
d
K
d
.X
Tc tng trng ring thc:
=
m
.
S
K
s
+ S
- K
d

Tc tng sinh khi:
y
b
=
r
t
'
r
d

b. Lp cc m hnh tnh ton b Aerotank, P hiu kh
+ M hnh m phng h (hnh v)

+ Thit lp CT tnh ton cc thng s ng hc
K, Ks
- Ta c: r
d
=
m
.X.S
Y(K
s
+ S)
=
K.X.S
K
s
+ S
(t K =
m
Y
) (theo 5)
A Lng II
Bn d
B.htnhh
Ngn
phc hi
A.1 Lng II (1)
X s
c
A.2 Lng II (2)
Trang 117
- Mc khc r
d
(T l lng cht nn mt trong mt n v thi gian : h s phn
hy ni bo): r
d
= Q
V
S S S S
T
S
=
0 0
(6)
T 5 v 6
K.X.S
K
s
+ S
=
S S
0

Hay
S S
X
=
KS
S K
s
+

Hoc
S S
X
=
K S K
K
s
1 1
. +
- V ng thng hi quy tuyn tnh quan h gia X/ (S
0
S) v 1/S
T ta c : y= ax + b
= =
= =
K a K a
K
K
b
K
K
b
S
S
.
1 1

K
d
v Y
X
o
: lng bn hot tnh trong nc thi.
S
o
: cht nn trong nc thi.
Q
v
: lu lng nc thi vo.
Q
T
: lu lng bn.
X: nng bn sau khi ho trn.
S: nng cn li sau khi ra khi b (nng cht nn).
Q
r
: lng nc sau khi ra ngun
X
r
: nng bn hot tnh trong nc lng (ra khi b )
X
T
: bn hot tnh lng xung tun
: thi gian lu nc.

c
: tui bn (thi gian lu bn).

d
x
d
t
: tc thay i nng bn hot tnh.
V: th tch b.
r
t
: tc tng trng thc ca bn hot tnh trong thi gian.

Cc PT cn bng:
Lng bn trong b = Lng bn i vo Lng bn x ra + Lng bn tng ln trong b
sau thi gian lu nc.

d
x
d
t
.V = Q
v
.X
o
(Q
x
.X
T
+ Q
r
.X
r
)

+ V(r
t
)

Gii phng trnh vi phn trn khi : X
0
= 0 , n nh ; dx/dt = 0; r
t
= -Yr
d
K
d
.X

Ta c
Q
x
.X
T
+ Q
r
.X
r
V.X
= Y
r
d
X
- K
d

(Trong :
X
X Q X Q
r r T xa
+
: lng bn thc X
thc
ngha l
C
1
=
V
X
thuc

Trang 118
Do :
C
1
= Y
r
d
X
- K
d
(*)
Mc khc : r
d
= Q
V
S S S S
T
S
=
0 0
th vo * ta c :

C
1
=
d
K
X
S S
Y
) (
0

- V ng thng hi quy tuyn tnh quan h gia thng s
(S
0
- S)/ (.X) v 1/
c

T ta c dng: y = ax + b
K
d
= b
Y = a

+ Thit lp cng thc tnh th tch b Aerotank
Cch 1
T phng trnh
C
1
=
d
K
X
S S
Y
) (
0

Kt hp :
1
=
V
Q

Ta c : C
1
=
d
K
VX
S S YQ
) (
0

V =
Q.Y.(S
o
- S)
c
X(1 + K
d
.
c
)

Cch 2

+ r
d
: Tc s dng cht nn
r
d
= -
Q
v
V
(S
o
S) = -
S
o
- S

+ t: =
r
d
X
: Tc s dng cht nn tnh cho 1 n v khi lng (g) bn hot
tnh/n v thi gian.
=
r
d
X
=
Q
V

S
o
- S
X

V =
Q(S
o
- S)
X

Ngoi ra:
Ch s quan trng: lng cht nn/khi lng bn hot tnh (
F
M
).
Vi:
+ F: food
Trang 119
+ M: microorganism ratio

F
M
=
S
o
X

- Lu : khi chn la cc thng s cn lu :
S
o
100: X 1500 mg/l
S
o
= 100-150: X 1000 mg/l
S
o
= 150-200: X 2800 mg/l
S
o
> 200: X = 2800-4000 mg/l
tro: Z = 0,3
c. Tnh ton thit k
+ Cc thng s u vo
Q
NT
, S
o
, f =
BOD
5
COD
, t, S
ra
, COD
ra
, SS, X
o
, % cn HC(= a), X, Z, X
tun hon
, Y,
c

+ Xc nh hiu qu x l:
- Lng cn HC trong nc thi ra khi b lng: a.BOD
5 ra
= b.
- Lng cn HC theo COD:
1,42.b.(1 z) = c
(1,42: mg O
2
sdng/md TBo phn hu)
- Lng BOD5 trong cn ra khi b: f.c = d
- Lng BOD
5
ho tan khi b lng: c = BOD
5 cho php
d
Hiu qu x l theo COD:
E =
COD
vo
- (COD
ra
- c)
COD
vo

Hiu qu x l theo BOD
5
:
E =
BOD
5 vo
- d
BOD
5 vo

Hiu qu x l BOD ton b
E =
BOD
vo
- BOD
ra
BOD
vo

+ Th tch b
V =
Q.Y.(S
o
- S)
c
X(1 + K
d
.
c
)
(m
3
)
+ Thi gian lu nc
=
V
Q

+ Lng bn HC l lng khi s dng BOD
5
:
- Tc tng trng ca bn:
Y
b
=
d c
xK
Y
+ 1
(1/ngy)
- Lng bn hot tnh sinh ra trong ngy:
P
x
= Y
b
.Q.(S
o
- S) (kg/ngy)
- Tng lng cn lu lng sinh ra (tng bn d):
P
x1
=
P
x
1 - z

- Lng cn d hng ngy x ra:
P
x
= P
x1
P
ra

(P
ra
= Q.SS
ra
.10
-3
)
- Lu lng x bn:
Trang 120
Q
x
=
V.X - Q
r
.X
r
.
c
X
T
.
c

Vi:
+ Q
r
= Q
v

+ X
T
= (1-z)X
bn

+ X
r
= (1-z).c (mg/l)
+ Thi gian tch lu cn (tun hon ton b) khng x cn ban u
T =
V.X
b
P
x
(ngy)
( T
thc
= (3-4)T)
+ Sau khi h thng hot ng n nh th lng bn HC x ra hng ngy
B = Q
x
.X
b
(kg/ngy)
- Cn bay hi: B = (1-z).B.
- Cn bay hi trong nc x l i ra khi b: B = Q
r
.X
r

- Tng cn HC sinh ra: B + B = P
x

+ Xc nh lu lng tun hon: Q
r

Q
T
Q
r
=
X
X
T
- X
Gii ra tm Q
T

+ T l F/M
F/M =
S
o
.X

+ Lng kh cn thit
- Lng oxy cn thit:
OC
o
=
Q(S
o
- S)
1000.f
- 1.42P
x
+
4.57(N
o
- N)
1000
(kg/ngy)
Vi:
+ N
o
: tng nit ban u (sau khi b sung dinh dng)
+ N: tng nit ra (5-6 mg/l)
- Lng oxy thc t:
OC
t
= OC
o
+
C
s
C
s
+ C
.
1
1.024
(T - 20) .
1
(kg/ngy)
Vi:
+ C
s
: oxy bo ho trong nc (9,08 mg/l).
+ C: lng oxy cn duy tr trong b (2-3 mg/l)
+ : 0,6-0,94.
+ OC
TB
= OC
t
/24 (kg/h)
+ OC
t max
= 1,5.OC
t TB

+ OC
t min
= 0,8.OC
t TB

+ Tnh lng khng kh cn thit:
O
k
=
OC
t
OU
f
an ton
(f = 1,5)

Vi:
+ OU: cng sut ho tan thit b: OU = O
u
.h
Trong :
Trang 121
O
u
: ph thuc h thng phn phi kh (g O
2
/m
3
.m)
h: ngp nc (< h
b
)
O
k thc t
= 2O
k

+ p lc kh my nn
H
d
= h
d
+ h
c
+ h
f
+ H
Vi:
h
d
: do ma st.
h
f
: qua thit b phn phi (<= 0,5 m).
h
c
: tn tht cc b ng (h
d
+ h
c
<= 0,4 m).
H: chiu cao hu ch ca b.
+ p lc kh:
p =
10.33 + H
d
10.33
(atm)
+ Cng sut my nn:
N =
34400(P
0.29
-1).q
102.

Vi:
q: tnh cht kh (cng my):1.18
+ Chn kch thc, b tr phn phi kh

Trang 122

V d p dng 1 :

Lu lng nc thi : 1500m
3
/ngy m.
Lng BOD
5
u vo (sau x l keo t ) (gim 60%) :

) / ( 2 , 305
100
40 763
l mg
x
=
T l BOD
5
/COD = 305,2/460 = 0,66
Nhit nc thi t=30
0
C
Nc x l xong t tiu chun BOD 50mg/l (30 mg/l).
Nc x l xong t tiu chun COD 100 mg/l (70 mg/l).
Hm lng cn l lng 50 mg/l gm 65% l cn hu c.
Lng bn hot tnh trong nc thi u vo b X
0
=0.

Thng s vn hnh nh sau :
1. Nng bn hot tnh trong b : X=3000 mg/l (cn bay hi).
2. tro ca cn Z=0,3-nng cn lng y b lng t 2 v cng l nng cn tun hon
10.000mg/l.
3. Thi gian lu ca bn hot tnh (tui ca cn) trong cng trnh
c
=10 ngy.
4. Ch xo trn hon ton.
5. Gi tr ca thng s ng hc : Y = 0,46.
6. tro ca cn hu c l lng ra khi b lng l : 0,3 (70% lng cn bay hi)
7. Nc thi iu chnh sao cho : - BOD
5
: N : P = 100 : 5 :1

a. Xc nh hiu qu x l :

Lng cn hu c trong nc ra khi b lng (phn cn sinh hc d b phn hy l) : 65% x 50 = 32,5
mg/l
Lng cn hu c tnh theo COD : 1.42 x 32.5 x 0.7 = 32.305 (mg/l)
Lng BOD
5
c trong cn ra khi b lng : 0,66 x 32,305 = 21.3213 (mg/l)
Lng BOD
5
ha tan ra khi b lng bng tng BOD
5
cho php u ra tr lng BOD
5
c trong cn
l lng : 30 21.3213 = 8.6787(mg/l)
Hiu qu x l COD :

% 8 , 91
460
32,305) - (70 - 460
= = E

Hiu qu x l tnh theo BOD
5
ha tan.

Trang 123
% 15 , 97 100
2 , 305
6787 , 8 2 , 305
=
= x E

Hiu qu x l BOD ton b.

% 2 . 90 100
2 , 305
30 2 , 305
=
= x E

b.Th tch b Aerotank tnh theo cng thc ta c :

Thi gian nc lu li trong b :

( ) ( ) ngay h x
Q
V
284 , 0 82 , 6 24
1500
25 , 426
= = = =

c.Lng bn hu c l lng sinh ra khi kh BOD
5
n 97,15% :

Tc tng trng ca bn tnh theo cng thc:

2875 , 0
06 , 0 10 1
46 , 0
1
=
+
=
+
=
x k x
Y
Y
d c
b

Lng bn hot tnh sinh ra trong mt ngy:

P
x
= Y
b
x Q (S
o
-S) = 0,2875 x 1500 x (305,2 8,6787)
=127874,8106 g
= 127,875 (kg/ngy).

Tng cn l lng sinh ra theo tro ca cn z = 0,3

( ) ngay kg
Z
P
P
x
x
/ 68 , 182
7 , 0
875 , 127
1
1
= =
= .

Lng cn d hng ngy phi x i

P
x
= P
x1
Q x 50 x 10
-3
=182,68 1500 x 50 x 10
-3

=107,68 (kg/ngy)

Tnh lu lng x bn Q
x
theo cng thc:

r r T xa
X x Q X x Q
X x V
+
=
(Gio trnh tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh x l nc thi Trnh Xun Lai).

Suy ra:

( ) ngay m
x
x x x
x X
X x Q X x V
Q
C C T
xa xa r
xa
/ 4 . 13 393 . 13
7000
10 75 . 22 1500 3000 25 . 426
3
= =
=

) ( 25 , 426
4800
97 , 2045996
) 10 06 , 0 1 ( 3000
) 6787 , 8 2 , 305 ( 10 46 , 0 500 . 1
) 1 (
) (
3 0
m
x
x x x
x K X
S S x Y x Q
V
c d
c
= =
+

=
+

=

Trang 124
Trong :
V :Th tch =426,25(m
3
)
Q
R
=Q
V
=1500 (m
3
/ngy)
X =3000 (mg/l)

c
=10 ngy
X
t
= 0.7 x 10.000 =7000 (mg/l)
Xr =32.5 x 0.7 =22075 (0,7 l t l lng cn bay hi trong tng s cn hu c , cn
khng tro).

d.Thi gian tch ly cn (Tun hon ton b) khng x cn ban u:

ngay
x
P
X x V
T
x
33 . 33
8106 . 127874
10000 25 . 426
= = =

Thc t s di hn 3-4 ln v khi nng bn cha trong hiu qa x l thi gian u s thp v
lng bn sinh ra t hn Px

e. Sau khi h thng hot ng n nh th lng bn hu c x ra hng ngy:

B = Qx x 10.000 g/m
3
=13,4 x 10.000=134000 g/ngy =134 kg/ngy.
Trong cn bay hi:
B

= 0,7 x134 = 93,8 kg
Cn bay hi trong nc x l i ra khi b Q
R

x X
R

B
= 1500 x 22.75 x 10
-3
= 34,125 (kg/ngy)
Tng cn hu c sinh ra:
B
+ B
= 93,8 + 34,125 = 127,925 kg = 128 kg = Px .

f. Xc nh lu lng tun hon :Q
T
.

nng bn trong b lun gi gi tr: X =3000 mg/l Ta c:

75 , 0
3000 7000
3000
=
=
X X
X
Q
Q
T V
T

Q
T
=0,75x 1500 = 1125 (m
3
/ngy)

g. T s F/M:
( ) ngay bun mg
mgBOD
l mg x
l BOD mg
X x
S
M
F
.
358 , 0
/ 3000 284 , 0
/ 2 , 305
5 0
= = =

h. Tnh lng kh cn thit:

Tnh lng xy cn thit theo cng thc:

( ) ( )
( ) ngay kg
N N
P
f
S S Q
OC
O
x
O
O
/
1000
57 , 4
42 , 1
1000

+
=
Trong :
Q = 1500 m
3
/ ngy
S
o
= 305,2 mg/l .
S = 8,6787 mg/l
N
o
= Tng hm lng N u vo :15,26 (mg/l) (sau khi b sung dinh dng)
N = Tng hm lng u ra : 5 (mg/l) (tiu chun l 6 mg/l).
P
X
= 127,875 (mg/ ngy)
f =BOD/COD =0,66

Vy:

Trang 125
( ) ( )
( ) ngay kg x
x
OC
O
/ 4 . 492
1000
5 26 . 15 57 , 4
875 . 127 42 , 1
66 . 0 1000
6787 . 8 2 . 305 1500
=
=

Lng xy thc t cn theo cng thc:

( ) ngay kg x x
C C
C
x OC OC
T
s
s
o t
/
1
024 . 1
1
) 20 (
=
Trong :
C
s
: Lng xy bo ha trong nc 9.08 mg/l.
C: Lng xy cn duy tr trong b 2 mg/l.
: h s t 0.6 0.94 . Chn 0.7.

Vy

( ) ngay kg x x x OC
t
/ 4 . 713
7 . 0
1
024 . 1
1
2 08 . 9
08 . 9
4 . 492
) 20 30 (
=
=

OC
ttrung bnh
= 29.7 (kg O
2
/h).
OC
tmax
= 29.7 x 1.5 = 44.55 (kgO
2
/h).
OC
tmin
= 29.7 x 0.8 = 23.97 (kg O
2
/h).

i. Tnh lng khng kh cn thit.

Chn h thng phn phi bt kh nh, tra bng 7.1 ( Tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh x l nc thi
Trnh Xun Lai). Ta c O
u
= 7gO
2
/m
3
.m.
B su h
1
= 3.5 m; ngp nc h = 3m
Cng sut ha tan thit b.

OU = O
u
x h = 7 x 3 = 21 gO
2
/m
3
.

Lng khng kh cn thit .

). / ( 59 . 0 ) / ( 50957 5 . 1
10 21
4 . 713
3 3
3
s m ngay m x
x
f x
OU
OC
O
t
k
= = = =

Trong :
OC
t
: Lng xy thc t cn.
OU : Cng sut ha tan thit b.
f : H s an ton. Chn 1.5.

Q
ktb
= 2123.2 m
3
/h.
Q
kmax
= 1.5 x 3184.8 m
3
/h.
Q
kmin
= 0.8 x 1698.56 m
3
/h.

Lng khng kh cn thit chn my nn kh : 2 x 0,59 = 1.18 (m
3
/s).

k. Tnh p lc kh my nn:

Vn tc kh thot ra khi khe h :5-10 m/s.
Ap lc cn thit cho h thng ng kh nn xc nh theo cng thc :

H
d
= h
d
+ h
c
+ h
f
+ H.
Trong :
h
d
: Tn tht p lc do ma st dc theo chiu di trn ng ng dn (m).
h
c
: Tn tht qua thit b phn phi (m).
h
f
: Tn tht qua thit b phn phi (m). Gi tr ny khng vt qu 0.5m.
H: chiu cao hu ch ca b. 3m.
Tng tn tht h
d
v h
c
khng vt qu 0.4 m.

Vy p lc cn thit l :
Trang 126

H
d
= 0.4 + 0.5 + 3 = 3.9 m.

Ap lc khng kh :

( )
. 38 . 1
33 . 10
33 . 10
amt
H
P
d
=
+
=

Cng sut my nn :

( ) ( )
) ( 27 . 41
8 . 0 102
18 . 1 1 38 . 1 34400
102
1 34400
29 . 0 29 . 0
KW
x
x x
n x
q x P x
N =
=

S ng phn phi D100 di 1m tnh theo cng cho php q ca mi ng :
). ( 4 . 147
3600 6
10 8 . 3184
3
max
max
max
ong
x
x
q
Q
N
q
= = =
). ( 157
3600 3
10 56 . 1698
3
min
min
min
ong
x
x
q
Q
N
q
= = =

l. Chn kch thc b v ng phn phi kh.

ng phn phi kh b tr dc thnh b.
Chiu rng mt hnh lang: B = h = 3 m.
Chiu di hnh lang.

). ( 6 . 31
5 . 4 3
25 . 426
1
m
x b x h
V
b
F
L = = = =

Trong b b tr 3 hnh lang. Do kch thc b l : D x R = 16 x 9.

Dng chy trong b l dng chy iu, chiu di gin ng xng c:

L = 2 x (16 3 ) = 26 m.

Khong cnh gia cc ng trong h phn phi :

). ( 165 . 0
157
26
min
m
N
L
l
q
= = =
3000
3000
3000
16000
3000
Cp kh
Trang 127
Cng thi gi:

). / ( 55 . 119
25 . 426
50957
2 3
ngay m m q = =

Ch tiu gi:

). 1 / ( 56 . 114
10 ) 6787 . 8 2 . 305 ( 1500
50957
10 ) (
5
3
3 3
kgBOD khi m
x x x S S x Q
O
a
o
k
=
=

V d p dng 2 .Tnh B Aerotank vi cc thng s thit k:
+ Lu lng nc thi: Q
tb-ng
= 150 (m
3
/ngym)
+ Nhit nc thi: t = 25
o
C
+ Hm lng BOD
5
u vo = hm lng BOD
5
u ra ca b lng I S
o
= 637 (mg/l)
+ Hm lng COD u vo = hm lng COD u ra ca b lng I. COD
vo
= 1160
(mg/l)
+ Cn l lng: SS
vo
= 230 (mg/l)
u ra: Nc thi sau x l t TCVN 6980 - 2001
+ BOD
5 u ra
= S < 40 (mg/l), Chn BOD
5 u ra
= 20 (mg/l)
+ COD
u ra
< 70 (mg/l), chn COD ra = 50 (mg/l)
+ Cn l lng: SS
ra
< 50 (mg/l), Chn SS
ra
= 30 (mg/l)
- Cc thng s vn hnh:
+ Cn hu c, a = 75%.
+ tro z = 0,3 (Tnh ton thit k h thng x l nc thi- Trnh Xun Lai)
+ Lng bn hot tnh trong nc thi u vo b, X
o
= 0.
+ Nng bn hot tnh, X = 2500 4000 mg/l, chn X = 3000 (mg/l)
+ Lng bn hot tnh tun hon l nng cn ln y b lng 2, X
T
= 8000 (mg/l)
+ Ch xo trn hon ton.
+ Thi gian lu bn trong cng trnh,
c
= 515 ngy, chn
c
= 10 ngy
+ H s phn hy ni bo, K
d
= 0.06 ngy
-1

+ H s sn lng bn Y = 0,4 0,8 mg VSS/mg BOD
5
, chn Y = 0,6 mg VSS/mg BOD
5
1. Xc nh hiu qu x l
- Hiu qu x l tnh theo BOD
5
:
% 86 , 96 % 100
637
20 637
=
= E

- Hiu qu x l COD:
% 69 , 95 % 100
1160
50 1160
=
= E

2. Kch thc b Aerotank
- Th tch b:
V=
* * ( )
* (1 * )
c o
d c
Q Y S S
X K
+
=
) 10 * 06 , 0 1 ( * 3000
) 20 637 ( * 10 * 6 , 0 * 150
+

116 (m
3
)
Trong : Q: Lu lng nc thi: Q = 150 (m
3
/ngym)
Trang 128
Y: H s sn lng bn Y = 0,6 mg VSS/mg BOD
5
S
0
: Hm lng BOD
5
nc thi u vo, S
0
= 637 (mg/l)
S: Hm lng BOD
5
nc thi u ra, S

= 40 (mg/l)
X: Nng bn hot tnh, X = 3000 (mg/l)
K
d
: H s phn hy ni bo, K
d
= 0,06 ngy
-1

c
: Thi gian lu bn trong cng trnh,
c
= 10 ngy
- Chn chiu cao b:
H = H
i
+ H
bv
= 3 + 0,5 = 3,5 (m)
Trong : H
i
: Chiu cao hu ch, chn H
i

= 3 (m)
H
bv
: Chiu cao bo v, chn H
bv
= 0.5 (m)
- Din tch mt bng b:
F =
V
Hi
=
3
116
= 38,67 39 (m
2
)
- Chn chiu rng b:
B = 5 (m)
- Chiu di b:
D = 7,8 (m)
- Th tch thc ca b:
V
t
= D * B * H = 7,8 * 5 * 3,5 = 136,5 (m
3
)
3. Thi gian lu nc:
=
ngay
tb
Q
V
=
150
116
= 0,773 ngy = 18,55 (h)
4. Tnh ton lng bn d thi b mi ngy
- Tc tng trng ca bn tnh theo cng thc:
375 , 0
06 , 0 * 10 1
6 , 0
* 1
=
+
=
+
=
d c
b
K
Y
Y

- Lng bn hot tnh sinh ra do kh BOD
5
:
P
x
= Q
3
*( ) * 150*(637 20) *0, 375*10
o b
S S Y

=
= 34,7 (kg/ngym)
- Tng lng cn sinh ra trong 1 ngy:
1
34, 7
49, 6
1 1 0, 3
x
x
P
P
z
= = =

(kg/ngy)
- Lng cn d x ra hng ngy:
ra x xa
P P P =
1

Vi: P
ra
= SS
ra
* Q = 30 * 10
-3
* 150 = 4,5 (kg/ngy)
P
x
= 49,6 4,5 = 45,1 (kg/ngy)
- Lu lng bn x (nng bn hot tnh trong nc ra khi b lng)
Trang 129
Q
x
=
* * * 116 * 3000 150 * 22, 5 *10
5, 6
* 5600 *10
ra ra c
T c
V X Q X
X

= = (m
3
/ngy)
Trong : X
T
: Nng bn hot tnh trong dng tun hon (cn khng tro), X
T
= (1 - 0,3) *
8000 = 5600 (mg/l)
X
ra
: Nng VSS ra khi b lng:
X
ra
= SS
ra
* a = 30 * 0,75 = 22,5 (mg/l)
5. H s tun hon bn:
Hnh 4.7: S lm vic b Aerotank

Phng trnh cn bng vt cht i vi b aeroten:
(Q + Q
t
) * X = Q * X
0
+ Q
t
* X
t
Trong : Q : Lu lng nc thi vo b, Q = 150 m
3
/ngy

Q
t
: Lu lng bn tun hon, m
3
/ngy
X : Nng VSS trong b, X = 3000 mg /l
X
0
: Nng VSS trong nc thi dn vo b,

X
0
= 0
X
t
: Nng VSS trong bn tun hon, X
t
= 8000 mg/l
Chia 2 v phng trnh cho Q, t =
t
Q
Q
l t s tun hon bn:
X + * X = * X
t

Suy ra:
=
X X
X
t

=
3000 8000
3000
= 0,6
- Lu lng bn tun hon:
Ta c: =
t
Q
Q

Suy ra: Q
t
= *Q = 0,6 * 150 = 90 m
3
/ngy
6. Kim tra ch tiu lm vic ca b aeroten:
- Kim tra t s khi lng cht nn trn khi lng bn hot tnh F/M:
F/M =
X
S
o
*
=
3000 * 75 , 0
637
= 0,28 kg BOD
5
/kg MLVSS.ngy
F/M = 0,28 nm trong gii hn cho php i vi b Aeroten xo trn hon ton: F/M = 0,2
0,6 kg BOD
5
/kg MLVSS.ngy
B lng
Q,X
0
B
AEROTANK
Q
t
, X
t

(Q +Q
t
), X
Q
x
,X
t

Q,X
r
Trang 130
- Ti trng th tch:
L
a
=
*
o
S Q
V
*10
-3
=
116
150 * 637
*10
-3
= 0,8237 kg BOD/ m
3
.ngy
L
a
= 0,8237 nm trong gii hn cho php i vi aeroten xo trn hon ton: L
a
= 0,81,9 kg
BOD/m
3
.ngy (Theo ti liu Thot nc ca PGS, TS. Hong Vn Hu).
7. Tnh lng xy cn thit:
- Lng xy cn thit trong iu kin chun (khng cn x l Nit)
( )
7 , 34 * 42 , 1
55 , 0 * 1000
) 20 637 ( * 150
* 42 , 1
* 1000
*
=
x
o
o
P
f
S S Q
OC
= 118,998 119 (kgO
2
/ng)
Trong : f: Hng s chuyn i t BOD
5
sang BOD
20
, 55 , 0
20
5
=
BOD
BOD

1,42- H s chuyn i t t bo sang COD
P
x
: Lng bn hot tnh sinh ra trong 1 ngy: P
x
= 33,6 (kg/ng)

- Lng xy cn thit trong iu kin thc t:

20
1 1
* ( ) * *
1, 024
s
t o T
s
C
OC OC
C C

Trong : C
S
: Nng xy bo ha trong nc 20
o
C, C
S
9,08 (mg/l)
C: Nng xy cn duy tr trong b, C = 1,5 2 (mg/l) (Tnh ton thit k cc cng
trnh x l nc thi- Trnh Xun Lai)
Chn C = 2 (mg/l)
T = 25
o
C, nhit nc thi
: H s iu chnh lng xy ngm vo nc thi (do nh hng ca hm lng
cn, cht hot ng b mt), = 0,6 0,94, chn = 0,7

25 20
9, 08 1 1
119 * ( ) * * 193, 64
9, 08 2 1, 024 0, 7
t
OC

= =
(kg/ngy)
- Lng khng kh cn thit:
Q
kh
=
a
OU
t
f
OC

Trong : f
a
: H s an ton, f
a
= 1,5 2, chn f
a =
1,5 (Tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh x l
nc thi- Trnh Xun Lai)
OU: cng sut ha tan xy vo nc thi ca thit b phn phi tnh theo gam xy
cho 1m
3
khng kh.
OU = O
u
* h

Vi: O
u
: Ph thuc h thng phn phi kh. Chn h thng phn phi bt kh nh v mn,
(tra bng 7-1 sch Tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh x l nc thi- .Trnh Xun Lai).

Trang 131
Bng : Cng sut ha tan xy vo nc ca thit b phn phi bt kh nh v mn
iu kin ti u iu kin trung bnh
iu kin th nghim
O
u
=grO
2
/m
3
.m O
u
grO
2
/m
3
.m
Nc sch T=20
o
C 12 10
Nc thi T=20
o
C, =0,8 8,5 7
O
u
= 7 (gO
2
/m
3
.m)
h: ngp nc ca thit b phn phi kh, chn h = 2,8 (m)
OU = 7 * 2,8 = 19,6 (gO
2
/m
3
)
Q
kh
= 7 , 9879 5 , 1 *
10 * 6 , 19
64 , 193
3
=
(m
3
/ngy)
8. Tnh p lc my nn:
- p lc cn thit cho h thng ng nn:
H
d
= h
d
+ h
c
+ h
f
+ H
Trong : h
d
: tn tht p lc do ma st dc theo chiu di trn ng ng dn, (m)
h
c
: tn tht cc b (m)
Tng tn tht h
d
v h
c
thng khng vt qu 0,4 (m)
h
f
: tn tht qua thit b phn phi (m)
Tn tht h
f
khng qu 0,5 (m)
H-: chiu su hu ch ca b, H = 3 (m)
Do p lc cn thit s l: H
d
= 0,4 + 0,5 + 3 = 3,9 (m)
- p lc khng kh l:
p = ) ( 38 , 1
33 , 10
9 , 3 33 , 10
33 , 10
33 , 10
atm
H
ct
=
+
=
+

- Cng sut my nn kh:
N = ) ( 02 , 5
75 , 0 102
114 , 0 ) 1 38 , 1 ( 34400
102
) 1 ( 34400
29 , 0 29 , 0
KW
n
q p
k
=

Trong : q
k:
lu lng khng kh: q
k
= 114 , 0
86400
=
k
Q
(m
3
/s)
n: Hiu sut my nn kh, chn n = 0,75
9. B tr h thng sc kh:
Chn h thng cp kh cho b gm 1 ng chnh, 4 ng nhnh vi chiu di mi ng l 7,8 m, t cch
nhau 1 m
- ng knh ng chnh dn kh:
4 * 4 * 0,114
0,12
* 3,14 *10
khi
Q
D
V
= = = (m) = 120 (mm)
D= 120 (mm)
Trong : V: tc chuyn ng ca khng kh trong mng li trong ng phn phi,
V=10 15 (m/s), chn V = 10 (m/s) (Tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh x l nc thi- Ts.Trnh Xun Lai)
- ng knh ng nhnh dn kh:
Trang 132
D
n
=
10 * 14 , 3 * 4
114 , 0 * 4
14 , 3 * 10 * 4
* 4
=
kk
q
= 60 (mm)
Chn D
n
= 60 (mm)
- Chn dng a xp, ng knh 170 (mm), din tch b mt F = 0,02(m
2
), cng kh
200l/pht.a = 3,3(l/s)
- S a phn phi trong b l:

3
0,114
34, 55
3, 3 3, 3 *10
khi
Q
N

= = = a
Chn: S lng a: N = 36 a
- S lng a l 36 ci, chia lm 4 hng, mi hng 9 a phn b cch sn b 0,2 m v mi tm a
cch nhau 0,78 m

- ng knh ong dan bun tuan hoan
D
b
=
4 * 4 * 90
0, 0297 0, 03
* 3,14 *1, 5 * 86400
th
b
Q
v
= = m
Chn D
b
= 34
Q
th:
Lu lng bn tun hon Q
th
= 90 (m
3
/ng)
V
b
: Vn tc bn chy trong ng trong iu kin bm, V
b
= 1 2 m/s
Chn V
b
= 1,5 m/s

Cc thng s thit k b Aerotank
Trang 133
70
20
Bu long M20
MAT BANG
B
LAN CAN ONG SAT TRANG KEM
0.00
ONG PVC 42
DAN NC
THAI VAO BE
SAN CONG TAC
MAT CAT A-A
B
ONG PVC 60
DAN NC
THAI SANG BE
LANG
MAT CAT B-B LP AT T NHIEN
BETONG MAC 200
LP VA TRAT
LP CHONG THAM
+4000
La 30x3 mm
CHI TIET 1:
Goi ch I bang be tong
TL: 1:10
CHI TIET A U PHAN PHOI KH
TL: 1: 2
BAN VE CHI TIET BE AEROTEN
CONG SUAT 400 M /NGAY
3
1000 200
200
1000
6
0
0
0
4
8
0
0
500 1000 1000 1000 500
I
I
2
5
0
4
5
0
Bu long M20
200
3
0
0
SV thie t ke
TR NG AI HOC BACH KHOA
THANH PHO HO CH MINH
KHOA MOI TR NG
T le : 1: 50
So ban ve: 3
Ban ve so: 3
NHT: 18/6/2001
1
TL: 1:50
ONG SAT
TRANG KEM60
NBV: 23/6/2001
STT Tn thng s S liu dng thit k n v
1 Chiu di b (L) 7,8 (m)
2 Chiu rng b (B) 5 (m)
3 Chiu cao b (H) 3,5 (m)
4
Thi gian lu nc ( )
18,55 gi
5
Thi gian lu bn (
C
)
10 ngy
6 ng knh ng dn kh chnh 120 mm
7 ng knh ng dn kh nhnh 60 mm
8 Cng sut my nn kh 5,02 KW/h
9 S lng a 36 a

4.2.3. B lng 2
C nhim v lng trong nc sau khi x l sinh hc.

Trang 134

PT cn bng:
G = (Q + Q
t
)C
o
= S.V
PL
.C
L
G = (Q + Q
t
)C
o
= S.V
PL
.CTR

S =
(Q + Q
t
)C
o
C
t
V
t

Gi l h s tun hon: Q
t
= .Q
Do :
S =
Q(1 + ).C
o
C
t
.V
L

TNH TON B LNG II:
1/ Din tch mt bng ca b lng II:

S >=
Q(1 + ).C
o
C
t
.V
L

Vi:
+ Q: lu lng nc thi (m
3
/h).
+ : h s tun hon, ly = 0,6-0,8
+ C
o
: nng bn hot tnh trong b sinh hc.
C
o
= .X ( ~ 0,8)
+ C
t
: nng bn trong vng tun hon (7000-15000 mg/l)
+ V
L
: vn tc lng ca mt phn chia L.
V
L
= V
max
.e
-KCL.10-6
(m/h)
Vi:
- V
max
= 7 m/h
- K = 600 (khi 50 < SVI <150) v y l thng s phi s dng.
2/ Din tch bung trung tm
f
B
= 10% S
3/ Tng din tch b
F = S + f
B

4/ Thng xy dng dng b trn (li tm)
(Q + Q
t
)C
o
C = 0
C
L
V
p
= V
L
+ V
t
V
p
= V
t
L

T

Q
t
C
t
Q

+ V
t
=
Q
t
S
: do tun hon
+ V
L
: vn tc lng ca ht.
+ Nng ht ti cc mt
ct L v T l C
L
, C
T
.

Trang 135
xF
D
4
=
5/ ng knh bung phn phi

B
xf
d
4
= ( d = 25%D)

6/ Kim tra li f
B
, S
7/ Ti trng thu lc
a =
Q
S
(m
3
/m
2
.ngy)
8/ Vn tc i ln ca nc trong b
V =
a
24
(m/h)
9/ Mng t vng ngoi c
D
mng
= 80% D
10/ Chiu di mng thu nc
L = D
mng

11/ Ti trng chiu di mng
a
L
=
Q
L

12/ Ti trng bn
b =
Q(1 + )C
o
24.S
(kg/m
2
h)
13/ Chiu cao b
+ h
1
: Chiu cao mt thong d tr (0,3-0,5m).
+ h
2
: Chiu cao phn nc trong (2-6m).
+ h
3
: Chiu cao phn chp y b c dc 2% : h
3
= 2%R
+ h
4
: Chiu cao cha bn : H = h
1
+ h
2
+ h
3
+ h
4
(m)
14/ Th tch phn cha bn
V
b
= S h
4

15/ Lng bn cha trong b lng
C
tb
= V
b
.C
tb
(kg)
(G
tb
=
2
t L
C C +
, C
L
=
2
t
C
)
16/ Thi gian lu nc trong b lng
T =
V
Q(1 + )

+ Dung tch b lng: V = H.S
17/ Thi gian c t cn
T
2
=
V
bn
Q
t
+ Q
x

V d p dng 1
a. Din tch mt bng ca b lng c tnh theo cng thc:

( )
L t
o
V x C
C x x Q
F
+
=
1

Trong :
Q: Lu lng nc thi bng 1500 m
3
/ngy = 62.5 m
3
/h.
: H s tun hon ly 0.75.
Trang 136
C
0
: Nng bn hot tnh trong b aerotent.

) / ( 3750
8 . 0
3000
8 . 0
l mg
X
C
o
= = = .
C
t
: Nng bn trong dng tun hon bng 10000 (mg/l)
V
L
: Vn tc lng ca b mt phn chia ng vi nng C
L
.

) / ( 5000
2
10000
2
l mg
C
C
t
L
= = = .
V
L
c xc nh theo cng thc.

). / ( 35 . 0 7
6 6
10 5000 600 10
max
h m e x e x V V
x x x C x K
L
L
= = =

Trong :
V
mzx
=7m/h.
K = 600.
Vy:

( )
). ( 118 ) ( 1875 . 117
35 . 0 10000
3750 75 . 0 1 5 . 62
2 2
m m
x
x x
F = =
+
=

Nu k c bung phn phi trung tm

F
b
=1.1 x 118 = 129.8 (m
2
) = 130 (m
2
).
Xy dng mt b lng trn raian. ng knh b:

) ( 13
14 . 3
130 4 4
m
x F
D
be
= = =

ng knh bung phn phi:

d = 0.25 x D = 0.25 x 13 = 3.25 (m).

Din tch bung phn phi trung tm:

) ( 3 . 8
4
14 . 3 25 . 3
2
2
m
x
f = = .

Vy din tch vng lng ca b:
S
L
= 103 8.3 = 125.7 (m
2
).
Ti trng thy lc:

3 2
1500
12( / . )
125.7
L
Q
a m m ngay
S
= = = .
Vn tc i ln ca nc trong b.

) / ( 5 . 0
24
12
24
h m
a
V = = =
Mng thu nc t vng trn c ng knh bng 0.8 ng knh b.

D
mng
= 0.8 x 13 = 10.4m.
Chiu di mng thu nc :

L = x D
mng
= 3.14 x 10.4 = 32.656 (m).

Ti trng thu nc trn 1m di ca ng:
250
Trang 137

) . / ( 125 93 . 45
656 . 32
1500
2 3
ngay m m
L
Q
a
L
< = = = .
Ti trng bn:

( )
) . / ( 26 . 3
7 . 125 24
10 3750 1500 75 . 1
24
2
3
h m kg
x
x x x
S x
C x Q Q
b
L
o t
= =
+
=

b.Xc nh chiu cao b :

Chn chiu cao b H = 4m; chiu cao d tr trn mt thong h
1
= 0.3 m. Chiu cao nc trong b l
3.7 m. Gm:
Chiu cao phn nc trong h
2
= 1.5m.
Chiu cao phn chp y b c dc 2% v tm:
h
3
= 0.02 x 6.5 = 0.13 (m).
Chiu cao cha bn phn hnh tr:
h
4
= H h
1
h
2
h
3
= 4 0.3 1.5 0.13 = 2.07 (m).

Th tch phn cha bn.

V
b
= S x h
4
= 130 x 2.07 = 269.1 (m
3
).

Nng bn trung bnh trong b :

). / ( 5 . 7 ) / ( 7500
2
10000 5000
2
3 3
m kg m g
C C
C
t L
tb
= =
+
=
+
=

Lng bn cha trong b lng:

G
bn
= V
b
x G
tb
= 269.1 x 7.5 = 2018.25 (kg).

Lng bn cn thit trong mt b aeroten

G
cn
= n xV x C
o
= 1 x 426.25 x 3.750 = 1598 (kg)..

c.Thi gian lu nc trong b lng:

Dung tch trong b lng:

V = H x S = 3.7 x 130 = 481(m
3
).

Nc i vo b lng:

Q
L
= (1 + ) x Q = 1.75 x 62.5 = 109.375 (m
3
/h).

Thi gian lng:

481
4.39( )
109.375
t
V
T gio
Q Q
= = =
+

Thi gian c c cn:

) ( 67 . 5
4 . 13 1500 75 . 0
24 1 . 269
2
gio
x
x
Q Q
V
T
xa t
bun
=
+
=
+
=

V d p dng 2
- Din tch tit din t ca ng trung tm
Trang 138

2
1
(1 0, 6) * 0, 0035
0, 28( )
0, 02
tt
Q
F m
V
+
= = =
Trong : V
tt
: Tc chuyn ng ca nc thi trong ng trung tm, ly khng ln
hn 30 (mm/s) (iu 6.5.9 TCXD-51-84).
Chn V
tt
= 20 (mm/s) = 0,02 (m/s)
Q
tt:
Lu lng tnh ton khi c tun hon, Q
tt
= (1 + )*Q
max
s
- Din tch tit din t ca b lng ng
) ( 2 , 11
0005 , 0
0035 , 0 * ) 6 , 0 1 (
2
2
m
V
Q
F
tt
=
+
= =
Trong : V: Tc chuyn ng ca nc thi trong b lng ng,
V = 0,0005 (m/s) (iu 6.5.6 TCXD-51-84).
- Din tch tng cng ca b lng 2:
F = F
1
+ F
2
= 0,28 + 11,2 = 11,48 (m
2
)
- ng knh ca b :
4 4 *11, 48
3, 8( )
3,14
F
D m
= = =
- ng knh ng trung tm:
d =
1
4 * F
28 , 0 * 4
= 0,59 m 0,6 m
- Chiu cao tnh ton ca vng lng trong b lng ng:
h
tt
= V*t = 0,0005*1,5*3600 = 2,7 (m)
Trong : t: Thi gian lng, t = 1,5 gi (iu 6.5.6 TCXD-51-84).
V: Tc chuyn ng ca nc thi trong b lng ng,
V = 0,0005 (m/s) (iu 6.5.6 TCXD-51-84).
- Chiu cao phn hnh nn ca b lng ng c xc nh:
h
n
= h
2
+ h
3
= (
) *
2
n
D d
t g
= (
2
5 , 0 8 , 3
)*tg50
o
= 1,96 2 (m)
Trong : h
2
: chiu cao lp trung ha (m)
h
3
: chiu cao gi nh ca lp cn lng trong b
D: ng knh trong ca b lng, D = 3,8 (m)
d
n
: ng knh y nh ca hnh nn ct, ly d
n
= 0,5 m
: gc ngang ca y b lng so vi phng ngang, khng nh hn 50
0
, chn
= 50
o
- Chiu cao ca ng trung tm ly bng chiu cao tnh ton ca vng lng v bng 2,7 m.
. ng knh phn loe ca ng trung tm ly bng chiu cao ca phn ng loe v bng 1,35 ng
knh ng trung tm:
D
1
= h
l
= 1,35 * d = 1,35 * 0,6 = 0,81 (m), chn D
1
= 0,8 (m)
. ng knh tm chn: ly bng 1,3 ng knh ming loe v bng:
D
c
= 1,3 * D
l
= 1,3 * 0,8 = 1,04 (m)
. Gc nghing gia b mt tm chn so vi mt phng ngang ly bng 17
o

- Chiu cao tng cng ca b lng ng s l:
Trang 139
H = h
tt
+ h
n
+ h
bv
= h
tt
+ (h
2
+ h
3
) + h
bv
= 2,7 + 2 + 0,3 = 5 (m)

Trong : h
bv:
khong cch t mt nc n thnh b, h
bv
= 0,3 (m)
thu nc lng, dng h thng mng vng chy trn xung quanh thnh b. Thit k mng thu
nc t theo chu vi vnh trong ca b, ng knh ngoi ca mng chnh l ng knh trong ca b.
- ng knh mng thu: D
mng
= 80% ng knh b
D
mng
= 0,8*3,8 = 3,04 3,1 (m)
- Chiu di mng thu nc:
L = D
mng
= 3,14 * 3,1 = 9,734 (m)
- Ti trng thu nc trn 1m di ca mng:
a
L
=
150 *1, 6
24, 65
9, 734
Q
L
= = (m
3
/mdi.ngy)
Kim tra li thi gian lng nc
- Th tch phn lng:
( ) ( ) ( )
3 2 2 2 2
8 , 29 7 , 2 * 6 , 0 8 , 3
4
14 , 3
*
4
m h d D V
tt l
= = =

- Thi gian lng:

( )
2 9 , 8
1, 4 9 2
1 2 , 5 * (1 0 , 6 )
l
t h
V
t h
Q Q
= = =
+ +

- Th tch phn cha bn:
( )
3
5 , 22 96 , 1 * 48 , 11 * m h F
V
n b
= = =

- Thi gian lu bn:

( ) h
Q Q
V
t
th x
b
b
9 , 2
5 , 7 23 , 0
5 , 22
=
+
=
+
=

Trong : Q
x:
Lu lng bn thi: Q
x
= 5,6 (m
3
/ng) = 0,23 (m
3
/h)
Q
th
: Lu lng bn tun hon: Q
th
= 0,6*12,5 = 7,5 (m
3
/h)
Cc thng s thit k b lng II
STT Tn thng s S liu dng thit k n v
1 Din tch tit din t ca ng trung tm
(f)
0,28 (m
2
)
2 Din tch tit din t ca b lng (F) 11,2 (m
2
)
3 ng knh ng trung tm (d) 0,6 (m)
4 ng knh ca b lng(D) 3,8 (m)
5 Chiu cao b (H) 5 (m)
6 Thi gian lng (t) 1,5 gi
7 ng knh mng thu 3,1 (m
2
)

Trang 140
CHI TIET MANG RANG CA T LE 1:5
CHI TIET MANG THU NC T LE 1:10
CHI TIET ONG NOI PVC 114 QUA TNG T LE 1:10
CHI TIET SAN CONG TAC T LE 1:20
MAT BANG BE LANG NG T LE 1:20
MAT CAT A-A T LE 1:20
LP EMCAO SU
MANG RANG CA
4 LO 14 BAT VI BULONG M12 CHON SAN
TRONG THANG BE
KHUNG THEP THANG LEO L40X40X4
ONG TRUNG TAM
ONG XA CHAT NOI 150
ONG DAN PVC114 DAN NC
ONG PVC 114 DAN NC THAI T
BE AEROTEN
MANG RA NG CA
MNG THU NC
ONG TRUNG TAM 600
ONG XA BUN 150
ONG PVC114 DAN NUC RA NGUON
ONG XA CHAT NOI 150
ONG TRUNG TAM 600
MANG RANG CA
TAM CHA N CHAT NOI
CAU THANG LEO
HANH LANG CONG TAC
TAMCHAN
SAN CONG TAC
THEP KHUNG L50X50X5
LI THEP L18 HAN CHAT
VAO KHUNG THEP
DAY NEO
BULONG M10
RAU THEP 6 HAN CHAT
VAO PHU TUNG ONG
ONG SAT TRANG KEM
RANG MOT AU
KHAU RANG NGOAI
ONG PVC 114
ONG SAT TRANG
KEMATIEN RANG SAN
LAN CAN TAY VN STK34
+1.15
ONG PVC114 DAN
NC THAI T BE AEROTEN
BETONG LOT M75
BETONG COT THEP M200
ONG PVC150 XA BUN
+1.90
+1.15
0.00
-3.25
-5.25
-3.25
0.00
KHE DCH CHUYEN 12mm
PHEU THU CHAT NOI
TAMCHAN CHAT NOI
PHEU THU CHAT NOI
ONG LOE
TAM CHAN

4.2.4. X l nc thi bng vi sinh k kh (b UASB)
4.2.4.1. Cu to:

300
NT ra
1000
(Vng lng)
1200
(Vng XL)
Dn nc
vo
2000
450
>=55
Kh
Trang 141

4.2.4.2. Nguyn tc
Nc thi sau khi iu chnh pH v dinh dng c dn vo y b v nc thi i ln vi
vn tc 0,6-0,9 m/h. Qu trnh x l nc thi bng phng php k kh xy ra (bn + nc
thi) to ra kh (70-80% CH
4
)

4.2.4.3. TNH TON
1/ Hiu qu lm sch
E =
S
v
- S
r
S
v

2/ Lng S kh 1 ngy
G = Q (S
v
S
r
),10
-3
(kg/ngy)
3/ Ti trng COD c b: ph thuc cc ngun thi (4 -18 kg COD/m
3
.ng)
4/ Dung tch x l ym kh cn thit
V =
G
a
(m
3
)
5/ Tc nc i ln (v = 0,6-0,9m/h)
6/ Din tch b cn thit
F =
Q
v

7/ Chiu cao phn x l
H
1
=
V
F

8/ Chiu cao
H = H
1
+ H
2
+ H
3

Vi:
+ H
1
: chiu cao phn x l
+ H
2
: chiu cao vng lng : H
2
= (1,2-2m)
+ H
3
: chiu cao d tr : H
3
= (0,3-0,5m)
9/ Thi gian lu nc
T =
V
Q
ngy
.24 =
H.F.24
Q
ngy

V d p dng 1. Tnh b UASB cho cng trnh x l nc thi Thy sn cng sut 300m3/ngy m
Khi i qua cc cng trnh x l trc th hm lng COD gim t 20 40 %. Chn hiu qu x l ca
cc cng trnh pha trc l 0 % th hm lng COD u vo ca b UASB l: COD
v

= 500
(mgCOD/l)
Trong b UASB duy tr s n nh ca qu trnh x l ym kh phi duy tr c tnh trng
cn bng th gi tr pH ca hn hp nc thi t 6,6 7,6.Gi s rng,t l cht dinh dng l ph hp
cho thch nghi v pht trin vi sinh vt.
to iu kin tt cho hot ng phn hy cc hp cht hu c thnh kh mtan gi tr pH
trong b x l phi thch hp: 6,8 7,5. Do trc khi nc thi vo b UASB ta tin hnh b sung
ho cht duy tr gi tr pH = 7.
Yu cu nc thi trc khi vo cng trnh x l ym kh tip theo ch tiu COD cn t l
325 mg/l.

A. Tnh ton kch thc b :
Lu lng nc vo b l : Q
V
=300 m /ngy m
Chn hiu xut x l : 65 %
u vo c C
0
= 500 mgCOD/l
u ra c C
e
= 175 mgCOD/l
Lng COD cn kh trong 1 ngy: m = (500 175) *300 * 10
-3
=97.5 (kgCOD/ngy)
Trang 142
Chn ti trng COD ca b l: L = 3 (kg COD/m .ngy)
(Trang 455, XLNT th v cng nghip Lm Minh Trit).
Th tch phn x l ym kh cn l:
V =
L
m
=
3
5 . 97
= 32.5 (m
3
)
Tc nc i ln trong b: v = 0.6 0.9 (m/h) m bo bn trong b c duy tr trng thi l
lng.
Chn v = 0.781 (m/h)
=> Din tch b mt l:
F=
Vao
V
Q
=
24 * 781 . 0
300
= 16 (m)
=> Kch thc tit din b: F=B*L= 4 * 4 = 16(m
2
)
Chiu cao phn x l ym kh l:
H
1
=
F
V
=
16
5 . 32
=2.031 (m) 2.1 (m)
Chiu cao phn lng: H
2
1m . (Trang 195 Tnh tn thit k cc cng trnh x l nc thi TS. Trnh
Xun Lai)
=> Chn H
2
= 1.2 (m)
Chiu cao bo v, chnh l phn thu kh: H
3
=0.3 (m)
Chiu cao xy dng ca b UASB s l:
H
tc
= H
1
+ H
2
+ h
3
= 2.1+1.2+0.3 =3.6 (m)
Trong b thit k 1 ngn lng. Nc i vo ngn lng s c tch bng cc tm chn kh.
Tm chn kh t nghing mt gc (vi 55
0
)
Chn = 55
0

Gi H
lng
: chiu cao ton b ngn lng.
=> H
Lng
= 2 (m).
(Trang 195 Tnh tn thit k cc cng trnh x l nc thi TS. Trnh Xun Lai)
Kim tra: % 30 % 89 . 63
6 . 3
3 . 0 2
3
=
+
=
+
be
lang
H
H H
(Tha yu cu)
Thi gian lu nc trong ngn lng (t
lng
1 h).
Chn t
lng
= 1 gi.
h
h m
m L
Q
H B L
Q
V
t
matthoang
lang matthoang
lang
lang
1
/ 5 . 12
) ( 2 * 4 * * 5 , 0
* * *
2
1
3
3
= = = =
L
mtthng
=3.125 (m)
Khong cch t m trn cng ca ngn lng n thnh b l: (L-L
mtthng
)/2 = (4-3.125)/2= 437
(mm)
Thi gian lu nc trong b (HRT = 4 12 h) :

h
h m
m
Q
H H B L
HRT
be
224 . 4
/ 5 . 12
) 3 , 0 6 . 3 ( 4 * 4 ) (
3
3
=
=

= (Tha yu cu)

B. Tm chn kh v tm hng dng:

Trang 143
Khong cch gia 2 tm chn kh l :b
Vn tc nc qua khe vo ngn lng (v
qua khe
= 9 10 m/h) [1]
Chn v
qua khe
= 9m/h

Ta c: h m
bm m khe
h m
S
Q
v
khe
quakhe
/ 9
4 4
/ 5 . 12
3
=

= =

b= 0,087m=87 mm
Trong b UASB, ta b tr 2 tm hng dng v 4 tm chn kh, cc tm ny t song song vi
nhau v nghing so vi phng ngang mt gc 55
0

Tm chn kh 1:
.Di = B = 4 m
.Rng = m
H H
b
lang
976 . 0
55 sin
2 , 1 2
55 sin
0 0
2
1
=
=
Chn rng = 975 mm
Tm chn kh 2:
on xp m ca 2 tm chn kh ly bng 0,25 m.
.Di = B = 4 m
.Rng = 0,25 m +
0
3 2
55 sin
h H H +

.Vi h = b*sin(90
0
55
0
) = 87*sin 35
0
= 50 (mm)
.Rng = b
2
= ) ( 02 , 2
55 sin
050 . 0 3 . 0 2 . 1
25 , 0
0
m m =
+
+
Chn rng = 2020 mm
=> Tm hng dng: c t nghing so vi phng ngang mt gc v cch tm chn kh di
87 mm.

Khong cch t nh tam gic ca tm hng dng n tm chn 1:

0 0 0 0
0
2
0 0
1 2
0 0
1
0 0 0
76 52 2 180 2 180
52
56
71
71 55 sin 87 55 sin
56 50 106
50 55 cos * 87 55 cos *
106
35 cos
87
) 55 90 cos(
= = =
= = =
= =
= = =
= = =
= =
=

a
h
tg
mm b h
mm a l a
mm b a
mm
b
l
khe
khe
khe

on nh ra ca tm hng dng nm bn di khe h t 1020 cm. Chn mi bn nh ra 15 cm.
mm l D 512 150 2 106 2 150 2 2 = + = + =
Chiu rng tm hng dng:
mm
D
b 416
) 52 90 sin(
2
512
) 90 sin(
2
0 0
3
=

Chiu di tm hng dng: B = 4 m

C. Tnh mng thu nc :
Chn mng thu nc b tng
Mng thu nc c thit k theo nguyn tc mng thu ca b lng, thit k 1 mng thu nc t gia b chy
dc theo chiu di ca b. Vn tc nc chy trong mng: 0,60,7 m/s (Nguyn Ngc Dung X l nc cp,
NXB Xy Dng, 1999)
Chn V
mng
= 0,6 m/s
Din tch mt ct t ca mi mng:
Trang 144
2
3
0058 , 0
/ 6 , 0 3600
/ 5 . 12
m
s m
s m
V
Q
A
mang
=
= =
Chn chiu ngang mng 200 mm
chiu cao mng 200 mm
Mng b tng ct thp dy 65 mm, c lp thm mng rng ca thp tm khng g, c t dc b, gia cc tm
chn kh. Mng c dc 1% nc chy d dng v phn cui mng. Ti y c t ng thu nc 90
bng thp dn nc sang b Aerotank.
Mng rng ca:
Mng trn gm nhiu rng ca hnh ch V.
Chiu cao mt rng ca: 60 mm
Di on vt nh rng ca: 40 mm
Chiu cao c thanh: 260 mm
Khe dch chnh: Cch nhau 450 mm
B rng khe: 12 mm
Chiu cao: 150 mm
D.Tnh lng kh sinh ra v ng thu kh :

Lng kh sinh ra trong b = 0.5 m
3
/kgCOD
loab
(Metcalf & Eddy Waste water engineering
Treating, Diposal, Reuse, MccGraw-Hill, Third edition, 1991)

Qkh = 0,5 m
3

/kgCOD
loab
* 97.5kgCOD
loab
/nga
= 48.75 m
3
/nga = 2.03125 m
3
/h = 0,564 (l/s)

Trong lng kh metan sinh ra chim 70 80%
Chn metan sinh ra chim 70%.
=> Lng kh methane sinh ra = 0,35 /kgCOD
loab

Q
CH4
= 0,35 m
3
kgCOD
loab
* 97.5 kgCOD
loab

= 34.125 (m
3
/nga)
Tnh ng thu kh
Chn vn tc kh trong ng V
kh
= 10 m/s
ng knh ng dn kh :
D
kh
=
kh
kh
V
Q
* * 3600 * 24
* 4
=
10 * * 3600 * 24
75 . 48 * 4
= 0,0085 m = 8 mm

Chn ng knh ng kh 14 (
trong
= 8)
Kim tra vn tc kh :
V
kh
=
2
4
xD
xQ
kh
=
2
008 , 0 *
00056 , 0 * 4
= 11,141 (m/s)
E.Tnh lng bn sinh ra v ng x bn :

Lng bn sinh ra trong b = 0,05 : 0,1 g VSS/g COD
loa b
. (Metcalf & Eddy Waste water
engineering Treating, Diposal, Reuse, MccGraw-Hill, Third edition, 1991)
Khi lng bn sinh ra trong mt ngy
M
bn
= 0,1 kg VSS/kg COD
loi b
* 97.5 kg VSS/kg COD
loi b
/ngy
=9.75 kg VSS/ngy
Theo sch Anaerobic Sewage Treament (Adianus C.van Haander and Gatze lettinna,trang 91 ) v
Lm Minh Trit.
Ta c: 1 m
3
bn tng ng 260 kgVSS
Th tch ca bn sinh ra trong mt ngy
V
bn
=
P
M
bun
=
) / ( 260
) / ( 75 . 9
ngay kgVSS
ngay kgVVS
= 0,0375 m
3
/ngy
Lng bn sinh ra trong mt thng = 0,0375 * 30 = 1.125 m
3
/thng
Chiu cao ca bn trong 1 thng :
h
bn
=
F
V
bun
=
4 * 4
125 . 1
= 0.070 m
Trang 145
ng x bn
Chn thi gian x bn 1-3 thng mt ln
Th tch bn sinh ra trong 3 thng
V
bn
= 1.125 ( m
3
/thng) * 3 (thng) = 3.375 m
3

Chn thi gian x bn l 3 gi .
Lu lng bn x ra :
Q
bn
=
3
375 . 3
= 1.125 m
3
/h
Bn x ra nh p lc thy tnh thng qua 1 ng inox 76,t cch y 400 mm, dc 2%
F. Ly mu :
kim tra s hot ng bn trong b ,dc theo chiu cao b ta t cc van ly mu .Vi cc
mu thu c cng 1 van ,ta c th c on lng bn cao t van . Da vo kt qu o t
v quan st mu sc bn ,t m c s iu chnh thch hp
Trong iu kin n nh , ti trng ca bn gn nh khng i , do mt bn tng ln u
n .Vic ly mu c thc hin u n hng ngy
Khi m van , cn iu chnh sao cho bn ra t t m bo thu c bn gn ging trong b
v nu m van ln qu thi` nc s thot ra nhiu hn.Th tch mu thng ly 500/1000 m
3
.
B cao 3.6 m,do dc theo chiu cao b t 5 van ly mu , cc va t cch nhau 0,5 m.Van
di cng t cch y 0.5 m .
Chn ng v van ly mu bng nha PVC cng 27 (
trong
= 20 ).
G. H thng phn phi nc trong b :
Vi loi bn dng ht ,ti trng > 4 kgCOD /m
3
.ngy th s im phn phi nc trong b cn tha
2 m
2
trn u phn phi . Theo Metcalf & Eddy Waste water engineering Treating, Diposal, Reuse,
MccGraw-Hill, Third edition, 1991,
S u phn phi cn :
dau m
x
/ 2
4 4
2
= 8 u
Nc t b tuyn ni c bm qua b UASB theo ng ng chnh ,phn phi u ra 4 ng nhnh nh
h thng van v ng h o lu lng t trn tng ng .
Vn tc nc trong ng chnh ( l ng y ca bm ): V
chnh
= 1,5 : 2,5 m/s
Chn V
chnh
= 2 m/s
Chn ng knh ng chnh :
D
chnh
=
chnh
V
Q
.
4
=
2 *
) 3600 / 5 . 12 ( * 4
= 0.047 m =47 mm
s dng ng inox 60 (
trong
= 50) lm ng chnh .

Kim tra vn tc nc trong ng chnh
V
chnh
=
chnh
S
Q
=
2 2
3
) 4 / (
) / ( 3600 / 83 , 20
m
s m
= 1.7684 m/s
Vn tc trong ng nhnh : V
nhnh
= 1 : 3 m/s
Chn V
nhnh
= 2 m/s .
Lu lng nc trong mi ng nhnh
Q
nhnh
=
4
Q
=
4
/ 5 . 12
3
h m
= 3.125 m
3
/h
ng knh ng nhnh
D
chnh
=
Vnhanh
Q
.
4
=
2 *
) 3600 / 125 . 3 ( * 4
= 0,024 m = 24 mm
s dng ng inox 27 (
trong
= 24) dn nc phn phi trong UASB.
Kim tra vn tc nc trong ng nhnh :
V
nhnh
=
nhanh
S
Q
=
2 2
3
) 4 / (
) / ( 3600 / 125 . 3
m
s m
= 1.919 m/s
H. Bm :
Lu lng cn bm Q = 12.5 m
3
/h.
Ct p ca bm : H = z + h (m H
2
O)
z : khong cch t mt nc b tuyn ni n mt nc b UASB .
Trang 146
MAT BANG BE UASB
MAT CAT A-A MAT CAT B-B
CHI TIET 2
T LE 1/5
MAT CAT C -C
MAT BANG
MANG THU NC
T LE 1/5
CHI TIET 1
T LE 1/ 5
MANG RANG CA
T LE 1/10
B
B
- 0.600
0.000
+6.800
+6.000
+
500
1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 1000
300
300
4100
1600
300
500 450
150
150
56 1200
400
980 1400 1400
1000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
300
5000
5000
ONG THU BUN -
HA NH LANG CONG TAC
O NG THU KH -
172
400
270
150
TAM KEP GI ONG
BULONG
200
200
100 250 100
150
75
E M CAO SU
BULONG M10
MA NG RA NG CA
EM CAO SU
TA M INOX
BULONG
100 200 100
200
50
75
75
30
C
CAU THANG
O NG PHA N PHO I NC -
O NG THU NC -
O NG THU NC -
25
2500
50 480
200
60
20 60 40 KHE DCH CHNH 12mm
4000 4000 4000
12000
MANG THU NC
CHI TIET 2
CHI TIET 1
C
300 300
300
300
O AN MON HOC KY THUAT X LY NC THAI
THIE T KE BE X LY SINH HOC NC
THAI NGANH THUOC DA
QUA CH.M.TUA N
NG .TA N PHONG
NG.VA N PHC CNBM
GVHD
SVTH
TR NG H BA CH KHOA
TP. HO CH MINH
KHOA MO I TR NG
SO BA N VE : 3
CHI TIET BE UASB
BA N VE SO :3
6/2001
TY LE : 1/50
1000
1000
1000
1000
Van lay mau
40
h : tng tn tht ca bm ,bao gm tn tht cc b ,tn tht dc ng ng ,tn tht qua lp bn l
lng trong b UASB.
Mt cch gn ng ,chn z = 4 m H
2
O
h = 7 m H
2
O
H = 4+ 7 = 11 m H
2
O
Cng sut yu cu trn trc bm :
N =
. 1000
. . . H g p Q
=
8 . 0 * 1000
11 * / 81 . 9 * / 1000 * ) 3600 / 5 . 12 (
2 3 3
m s m m kg m
= 0,468 kw
Vy chn bm ly tm cng sut 0.75 kw= 1 (HP )

V d p dng 2. Tnh b UASB cho cng trnh x l NT c cc thong s cho trong bi
1) Hiu qu x l COD, BOD ca UASB l 75% (tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh x l nc thi,
Trnh Xun Lai, 2001)
BOD
ra
= 1367 - (1367*75%)= 342 mg/l
- Hiu qu x l COD.
COD
ra
= 2236 - (2236*75%)= 517 mg/l
- Hiu qu x l N, P:
T l BOD : N : P trong b UASB tt nht = 350 : 5 : 1.
Nng c BOD b kh: 1367*0.75 = 1025.25mg/l
Nng N b kh tng ng: l mg / 17
350
5 * 25 . 1025
= =
Nng P b kh tng ng: l mg / 3
350
1 * 25 . 1025
= =
l mg N
ra
/ 94 17 111 = =
l mg P
ra
/ 24 3 27 = =
Trang 147
- Lng COD cn kh mi ngy.
G = 1000m
3
*(75%*2236)=1677 kgCOD/ngy
- Ti trng kh COD ca b, theo quy phm t 4 - 18 kg COD/m
3
. ngy.Chn a=7 kgCOD/ngy.
2) Th tch x l ym kh cn thit.
3
240
7
1677
m
a
G
V = = =
3) gi lp bn trng thi l lng tc nc dng trong b khong
0,6-0,9m/h (Tnh ton thit k h thng x l nc thi, Trnh Xun Lai,2001 ).
Chn v = 0,9m
3
/h
- Din tch b cn thit
3 . 46
9 . 0 * 24
1000
= = =
v
Q
F m
2
4) Chiu cao cn x l ym kh.
m
F
V
H 2 . 5
3 . 46
240
1
= = =
5) Tng chiu cao b.
H=H
1
+H
2
+H
3

H
1
: chiu cao cn phi x l ym kh.
H
2
: Chiu cao vng lng, chiu cao ny phi ln hn 1 m bo khng gian an ton cho vng lng. Chn
H
2
=1,5m
H
3
: Chiu cao d tr chn 0,3m
=> H=5.2+1,5+0,3= 7 m.
6) Kim tra thi gian lu nc.
24
V
T h
Q
=
Vi V=H*F= 7*46.3=324.1 (m
3
).
=> h T 78 . 7 24 *
1000
1 . 324
= =
7) Kch thc b:
Vi din tch F= 46.3 m
2
, chiu cao tng cng H=7 m
chiu di b L=8m
Chiu rng b B=5.9m
8) Nc khi vo ngn lng s c tch kh bng cc tm chn kh t nghing so vi phng ngang
mt gc 45-60
0
. Chn 50
0

2
50
3 0
B
H H
tg
lang
+
= 2 * 50
0
3
B tg H H
lang
= +
=>H
lng
=3.46 0,3 = 3.16m, >30% so vi chiu cao b nn tha mn iu kin thit k.
9) Trong b lp 1 tm hng dng.
Vi mt tm hng dng lp 4 tm chn kh, t theo hnh ch V, mi bn t 2 tm, cc tm ny t
song song vi nhau v nghing so vi phng ngang 1 gc 50
0
.
Chn khe h cc tm chn ny bng nhau.
Trang 148
Tng din tch cc khe h chim 15-20% tng din tch b.
Chn F
khe
=0,15F
b

Trong ngn c 4 khe h, din tch mi khe.
2
74 . 1
4
3 . 46 * 15 . 0 * 15 . 0
m
sokhe
F
F
be
khe
= = =
Khong cch (b rng) gia cc khe h.
m
sokhe
F
l
khe
435 . 0
4
77 . 1
= = =

10) Tm chn kh 1.
Chiu di l
1
=L=8m
Chiu rng b
1
.
m
H H
b
lang
17 . 2
50 sin
5 . 1 16 . 3
50 sin
0 0
2
1
=
=
11) Tm chn kh 2:
Chiu di l
2
= L = 8m
Chiu rng b
2

mm h 280 ) 50 90 sin( * 435 = =
di tm b
2
chng ln b
1
chn 400mm
m
h H H
b 38 . 2
50 sin
280 . 0 3 . 0 5 . 1
400
50 sin
400
3 2
2
=
+
+ =
+
+ =
12) Tm hng dng c t nghing so vi phng ngang 1 gc 50
0
v cch tm chn kh 1 l 435mm
Khong cch gia hai tm chn kh l L=4X.
Vi X=435*cos 50
0
=280mm
=>L=4X=4*280=1119mm1.12m

l
a

n
g

H
3

T m h ng
dng
T m ch n
kh 1
T m ch n
kh 2
435
Trang 149

Tm hng dng c chc nng chn bn i ln phn x l ym kh ln phn lng nn rng y D
gia hai tm hng dng phi ln hn L.
on nh ra ca tm hng dng nm bn di khe h t 10-20cm, chn mi bn nh ra 20cm.
=>D=1120+400=1520m
Chn D=1520m
Chiu rng tm hng dng mm
Cos Cos
D
1182
50
2
1520
50
2
0 0
= = =
13) Tnh ton ng phn phi nc:
Vn tc nc chy trong ng ng chnh dao ng t 0.8-2m/s.Chn v
ng
=1m/s
ng knh ng chnh:
mm m
v
Q
D
ong
ongchinh
122 122 . 0
3600 * 24 * 1 * 14 . 3
1000 * 4
3600 * 24 * * 14 . 3
* 4
= = = =
Vy chn ng chnh l thp khng g c ng knh 125mm.
Kim tra li vn tc nc chy trong ng:
s m
D
Q
v
ongchinh
ong
/ 943 . 0
3600 * 24 * 14 . 3 *
* 4
2
= = , gn bng 1m/s (tha).
14) H thng u phn phi nc:
B UASB c thit k c tng cng 15 u phn phi nc.
Kim tra din tch trung bnh ca 1 u phn phi nc:
2
1 . 3
15
8 . 5 * 8
m a
n
= = (nm trong khong cho php t 2-5m
2
/u.)
15) ng knh ng nhnh
Trang 150
Chn vn tc nc chy trong ng nhnh v
nhnh
= 1.5m/s.
Chn 5 ng nhnh phn phi nc vo b. Cc ng ny t vung gc chiu di b. Mi ng cch nhau 1.6m,
2 ng st tng t cch tng 0.8m.
ng knh ng nhnh:
mm m
v
Q
D
ongnhanh
ongnhanh
ongnhanh
44 044 . 0
24 * 3600 * 5 . 1 * 14 . 3
5
1000
* 4
3600 * 24 * * 14 . 3
* 4
= = = =
Chn ng knh ng nhnh D
ong nhanh
= 45mm.
Kim tra li vn tc nc chy trong ng nhnh:
s m
D
Q
v
ongnhanh
ongnhanh
ongnhanh
/ 46 . 1
3600 * 24 * 14 . 3 *
* 4
2
= =
16) L phn phi nc:
Tng cng c 15 u phn phi nc trn 5 ng nhnh.
mt ng nhnh s c 3 u phn phi nc.
Ti 1 u phn phi nc b tr 2 l theo 2 pha ca ng ng..
Lu lng qua l phn phi: . / 333 . 33
6
200
6
3
ngy m
Q
Q
ongnhanh
phanphoi
= = =
ng knh l phn phi:
mm m
v
Q
D
phanphoi
phanphoi
lo
18 018 . 0
3600 * 24 * 5 . 1 * 14 . 3
6
200
* 4
3600 * 24 * * 14 . 3
* 4
= = = =
Vn tc nc qua l phn phi = 1.5m/s.
l phn phi c ng knh 18mm.
Cc ng phn phi nc t cch y 20cm.
17) Tnh lng kh sinh ra
Lng kh sinh ra trong b tng ng: 0.5m
3
/1kgCOD
loi b

Th tch kh sinh ra trong ngy:
. / 5 . 838 1677 * 5 . 0
3
ngy m V
kh
= =
Lng kh metan sinh ra tng ng 0.35m
3
/1kgCOD
loi b

Th tch kh metan sinh ra: . / 95 . 586 1677 * 35 . 0
3
tan
ngy m V
khme
= =
18) ng knh ng thu kh:
Vn tc kh trong ng t 10-15m/s.
Chn vn tc kh trong ng 10m/s.
Lp 2 ng dn kh 2 bn thnh b
ng knh ng dn kh:
m
v
Q
D
khi
khi
khi
025 . 0
3600 * 24 * 10 * 14 . 3
25 . 419 * 4
3600 * 24 * * 14 . 3
2
* 4
= = =
Chn ng knh ng dn kh 50mm.
19) Lng bn sinh ra:
Trang 151
Lng bn sinh ra tron b tng ng 0.05-0.1gVSS/gCOD
loai bo.
Khi lng bn sinh ra trong 1 ngy:
. / 7 . 167 * 1677 * 1 . 0 ngay kgVSS M
bun
= =
Theo quy phm: 1m
3
bn tng ng 260kg VSS.
Th tch bn sinh ra trong 1 ngy:
ngay m V
bun
/ 645 . 0
260
7 . 167
3
= =
Chn thi gian lu bn l 3 thng:
Lng bn sinh ra trong 3 thng = 0.645*30*3= 58 m
3

Chiu cao bn trong 3 thng: = m 24 . 1
3 . 46
58
=
20) ng knh ng thu bn:
Chn thi gian x cn l 120 pht.
Lng cn i vo ng thu bn trong 120 pht: = s m / 008 . 0
60 * 120
58
3
=
B tr 3 ng thu bn, cc ng ny t vung gc vi chiu rng b, mi ng cch nhau 1.94m, 2 ng st
tng cch tng 0.96m
Vn tc bn trong ng chn 0.5m/s.
Din tch ng x cn:
2
0054 . 0
5 . 0 * 3
008 . 0
m F
bun
= =
ng knh ng thu bn: mm m
S
D 83 0083 . 0
14 . 3
0054 . 0 * 4
14 . 3
* 4
= = = =
Chn ng knh ng 85mm
21) S l c trn ng thu bn:
Chn tc bn qua l v = 0.5m/s
Chn ng knh l d
lo
= 30mm.
din tch l:
2
2 2
0071 . 0
4
03 . 0 * 14 . 3
4
* 14 . 3
m
d
f
lo
lo
= = =
Tng din tch l trn 1 ng x cn:
2
0054 . 0
5 . 0 * 3
008 . 0
m F
lo
= =
S l trn 1 ng: 6 . 7
00071 . 0
0054 . 0
= = =
lo
lo
f
F
n
Chn s l trn 1 ng 8.
3 ng s c 24 l.
22) ng knh ng thu bn trung tm:
Chn vn tc 0.3m/s
ng knh ng thu bn: mm D 185
3 . 0 * 14 . 3
008 . 0 * 4
= =
Theo TCXD 51-84, ng knh ng thu bn ti thiu 200mm. Chn ng knh ng trung tm l 200mm.
23) Mng thu nc:
Trang 152
Mng thu nc t gia b chy dc theo chiu rng ca b.
Mng trn gm nhiu rng ca hnh ch V. Cng thc tnh lu lng qua mi rng mng hnh ch V

2
5
2
2 15
8
H g tg C Q
d

=
Trong : : gc nh tam gic, chn = 90
0

g : gia tc trng trng
H : chiu cao ct nc trn nh tam gic, chn H = 0,04 m
C
d
: h s lu lng

17 . 0 165 . 0
7 . 0
56 . 0
W R
C
d
+ =
Trong : 224
10 . 70
04 . 0 * 81 . 9 * 1000
3
2 2
= = =

gH
W
: sc cng mt ngoi ca nc = 70.10
-3
7 . 36
10 . 8545 . 0
04 . 0 * 81 . 9 * 04 . 0
3
= = =

gH H
R
: nht ng hc ca nc = 0,8545.10
-3
Pas ( 27
0
C)
C
d
= 0.71

s
m
tg Q
3
2
5
0
00054 . 0 04 . 0 * 81 . 9 * 2 *
2
90
* 71 . 0 *
15
8
= =
S rng ca trn mng: 26
00045 . 0 * 3600 * 24
1000
= = n
Nh vy hai bn mng thu nc mi bn c 13 rng.
m l 57 . 0
1 13
8
=
+
=
Chiu rng mng chn b=0.3m.
Nc chy trong mng vi vn tc v = 0.24m/s, dc mng i=0.05
Thi gian trung bnh lu nc trong mng: s t 17
24 . 0 * 2
8
= = (17 giy).
Th tch mng thu:
3
197 . 0 17 *
3600 * 24
1000
* m t Q V = = =
Chiu cao mng thu nc: m
b L
V
h 082 . 0
3 . 0 * 8
197 . 0
*
= = =
Tng chiu cao mng thu nc: = 0.04 + 0.082 = 0.122m, chn 0.15m (do c thm chiu cao d tr mng rng
ca).
Chiu cao mng thu nc cui b: 0.15 + 0.05*8 =0.55m

Trang 153

23) Lp t cc ng dn bn:

24) Tnh tn tht ct nc v chn bm:
p dng phng trnh becnouly cho mt ct 1-1 (mt thong b gn m) v mt ct 2-2 (mt ct ti l
phn phi nc ca b UASB ).

+ + + = + + +
2 1
2
2 1 2
2
2
1 1 1
1
2 2
h
g
v P
Z H
g
v P
Z

Suy ra ct p my bm:

+
+ =
2 1
2
1 1
2
2 2 1 2
1 2
2
) ( h
g
v v P P
Z Z H

Trong Z
2
-Z
1
: chnh lch cao gia 2 mt ct = -2.3m
P
1
, P
2
: p sut ti mt ct 1, 2.
P
1
: p sut kh quyn 1.0*10
5
(N/m
2
).
P
2
: p sut ti mt ct 2.
185727 7 . 6 * 81 . 9 * 1000 10 * 2 . 1
5
2
= + = + = gH P P
thoang

P
thoang:
p sut ti mt thong b UASB. Do c cha 1 lng kh nn gi s p sut 1.2*10
5
8000
550
570
M t

M c n c
Trang 154

1
,
2
=1. (do nc chy trong ng l chy ri.)
v
1
, v
2
: vn tc ti mt ct 1, v 2. (v
1
=0, v
2
=1.5 m/s)

2 1
h : tng tn tht.
a) Tng tn tht:
c d
h h h + =
2 1

d
h : tn tht dc ng.
m h h h
d d d
3276 . 1 21 . 1 1176 . 0
45 _ 125 _
= + = + =
125 _ d
h : tn tht dc ng trong ng chnh c ng knh 125mm.
g
v
d
l
h
d
2
2
125 _
=
Vi v l vn tc nc chy trong ng, v =1m/s
: h s ma st. Ph thuc vo s Renol

3
1*0.125*1000
Re 246284
0.8545*10
vd

= = = >10
5

Nn c tnh theo cng thc Conacop:
2 2
1 1
0.0148
(1.8lg Re 1.5) (1.8lg 246284 1.5)
= = =

l: chiu di ng bng 19.4m.
d: ng knh ng bng 0.125m.
Suy ra m
g g
v
d
l
h
d
1176 . 0
2
1
125 . 0
4 . 19
0148 . 0
2
_
2
125
= = =

45
_
d
h : tn tht dc ng qua ng ng nhnh c ng knh 45mm.
g
v
d
l
h
d
2
2
45 _
=
Vi v l vn tc nc chy trong ng, v =1.5m/s
: h s ma st. Ph thuc vo s Renol
78994
10 * 8545 . 0
1000 * 045 . 0 * 5 . 1
Re
3
= = =

vd
. 2320 < Re < 10
5
Nn c tnh theo cng thc Blazious: 019 . 0
) 78994 (
3164 . 0
Re
3164 . 0
25 . 0 25 . 0
= = =
l: chiu di ng bng 25m.
d: ng knh ng bng 0.045m.
Suy ra m
g g
v
d
l
h
d
21 . 1
2
5 . 1
045 . 0
25
019 . 0
2
_
2 2
45
= = =

Trang 155
c
h : tn tht cc b m h h h
c c c
71 . 1 66 . 1 044 . 0
45 _ 125 _
= + = + =
=
g
v
h
c
2
2
125 _

86 . 0 11 . 0 * 6 2 . 0 6
2 1
= + = + =

:
1
h s tr lc khi vo ng ht.
:
2
h s tr lc khc cong 90
0
Suy ra m
g
v
h
c
044 . 0
81 . 9 * 2
0 . 1
86 . 0
2
2
125 _
= = =
=
g
v
h
c
2
2
45 _

468 . 14 424 . 0 * 30 437 . 0 * 4 30 4
2 1
= + = + =

:
1
h s tr lc khi thu hp t ng 125mm qua ng 45mm.
:
2
h s tr lc khu thu hp t ng 45mm qua l 18mm

Suy ra m
g
v
h
c
66 . 1
81 . 9 * 2
5 . 1
468 . 14
2
2 2
45 _
= = =

m h h h
c d
1 . 3 71 . 1 3276 . 1
2 1
= + = + =

b) ct p my bm:
m h
g
v v P P
Z Z H 8 . 8 1 . 3
81 . 9 * 2
0 * 1 5 . 1 * 1
81 . 9 * 1000
100000 185727
3 . 2
2
) (
2
2 1
2
1 1
2
2 2 1 2
1 2
= +
+ = +
+ =

c) cng sut my bm:
kW
gH Q
N 88 . 1
8 . 0 * 1000
8 . 8 * 81 . 9 * 1000 * 0174 . 0
1000
= = =

Chn 2 bm cng sut 2.0kW. Mt hot ng v 1 d phng.
Q: lu lng nc cn bm (m
3
/s )
Cc thng s thit k b UASB.
Tn thng s K hiu n v S lng
Chiu cao xy dng H m 7
Chiu di b L m 8
Chiu rng b B m 5.9
Chiu di tm chn kh 1 l
1
m 8
B rng tm chn kh 1 b
1
m 2.17
Chiu di tm chn kh 2 l
2
m 8
B rng tm chn kh 2 b2 m 2.38
Chiu rng tm hng dng D m 1.52
Trang 156
Cnh bn tm hng dng m 1.182
ng knh ng dn nc trung tm mm 125
ng knh ng dn nc phn phi mm 45
S lng ng nhnh cp nc 5
S lng ng thu kh 2
ng knh ng thu kh mm 25
ng knh ng thu bn trung tm mm 200
ng knh ng nhnh thu bn mm 97
S lng ng nhnh thu bn 3
Chiu cao mng thu nc u b Mm 150
Chiu cao mng cui b mm 550

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Bi ging K thut x l nc thi Thc s Lm Vnh Sn

Bi ging K thut x l nc thi Thc s Lm Vnh Sn

= 93,8 + 34,125 = 127,925 kg = 128 kg = Px .

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