TONY’ @ BUZAN THE SPEED READING BOOK | SACH STN eae (UN cla Non. eNer UN CmVal ay UO) Charly NEU Reon CcemecoMe emu erc(ole coo i] KD kién thiic tong quat | SARS MCU) SAGH DA BAN DUGGIHANG TRIEU BAN! (Sh wot xv Ban TONG HOP THANE PHO HO cui MINEGidi thiéu tac gia s Tony Buzan, nha phat minh nhing So 46 Tw duy hién dang ndi tiéng trén toan thé gidi, da dat duoc nhiéu thanh tyu dang kinh higac. * Tae gid hing dau thé gidi vé nao bé va kien thitc, ti nay da cd trén 80 dau sich do ong lam tac gia va déng tac gid, voi s6 bin ban duge len dén ba trigu bin va con 6° nay dang khdng ngimg gia ting! Nha thuyét trinh hang dau thé gidi vé no bé va kién thie. Tony Buzan, “ho wnat gia Tu duy”, ngay mét néi tiéng hon, da thuyét giang cho ong dio thinh gia, tir tré em nim tudi, hoc sinh khuyét tat dén nhimg nguci da tot nghiép te cic truing dai hoc danh tigng nh Oxford, Cambridge, nhig giam déc kinh doanh hing dau thé gidi, cdc t6 chite va chinh phi hang dau. Sing lap vién cia Giai V6 dich Tri nhé The gidi. Sing lap vién cla Giai V6 dich Doc nhanh Thé gidi. Dai den v6 thuat. Cie the pham va nhing sin phim khac cla Buzan da dat duge thinh cng vang déi é hon 100 quéc gia voi 30 ngén ngi, dem Iai loi nhuan hon 100 triéu bang Anh. Nha phat minh So a6 Tu duy, céng cy tu duy due m6 ta i “Cong cy van ming etia b nio”, hién dang duge hon 250 tri¢u ngudi trén khip thé gidi sidung. Bién tap vién cla tap chi quéc té MENSA (Hoi chi s6 théng minh cao) tt nim 1968 dén nim 1971, Nha tw van kinh doanh quéc té cho nhig tap doan da quéc gia nhw: BP, Barclays International, General Motors, Walt Disney, Oracle, Microsoft, HSBC, British Telecom, IBM, British Airways, v.v. Nha tur vain, 66 vin cho cic chinh phi va té chtrc chinh phil, gom: Anh, Singapore, Mexico, Uc, cée qué gia ving Vinh va Liechtenstein, Hud luyén vién Olympic. Cha dé ciia nhing khai ni¢m Tu duy Mé rong va Hiéu biét Tri tué. Nha tho doat gai thang. Van dng vien doat huy chong, Mét nhan vat néi tiéng cia truyén thong toan cau, da xuat hién hon 100 gid trén dai truyén hinh quéc gia va quéc té, hon 1,000 gig trén sng phat thanh quéc gia vi qué té, Khodng hon ba tj lugt nguvi di xem va nghe dng phit bidu!Mét sé tac pham khac cia Tony Buzan Sach The Mind Set: Use Your Head Use Your Memory Master Your Memory ‘The Mind Map Book The Illustrated Mind Map Book Embracing Change Buzan Bites: Brilliant Memory Mind Mapping Speed Reading Get Ahead Brain SEW Super Sell BrainSmare Leader Sales Genius Mind Maps in Medicine The Brain Book Brain Training Lessons from the Art of Juggling Busan's Book of Mental Werld Records ‘Man Versus Machine Synapsia (Individual) Synapsia (89-99 complete set) The Younger Tongue Brain Power for Kids Teach Yourself Revision Guides (GCSE level in. 17 subjects) Teach Yourself Revision Guides level in 8 subjects) Teach Yourself Literature Guides (22 titles) How to Mind Map The Power of Social Intelligence The Power of Verbal Intelligence Head Strong The Power of Creative Intelligence Head First Mind Maps for Kids Bang video Leaming with Lana Deseloping Family Genius Get Ahead Ye Fit Mindpower Bang ghi am Use Your Head Buzan On. The Brain Memory ‘Thinking & Creativity S Reading Mind & Body Mind Mapping Mind Mapping Natwal Genius ‘The Genius Formula Brain Set Céc sin phém khée Brain Club - Home Study Plan. Body & Soul Poster (Limited Edition) Desiderata Reconsidered Univenal Personal Organiser Mind Map Kie Phan mém Mind Manager (CD-ROM) Mind Manager (Trial CD-ROM) Mastering Memory (Computer Software & Manual) Sach Day Doc Nhanh cia Tony Buzan Ban dich tiéng Viet Lé Huy Lam NHA XUAT BAN TONG HOP THANH PHO HO CHI MINHTang Me kinh yéu, ngudi da an can, nang niu mé dudng cho con dén véi cdi dep va sttc manh ctia tir ngit; cdi dep va sttc manh cia tri tué. Téng bién tap d6c lap: Vanda North BG actve ‘THE SPEED READING BOOK © Tony Buzan 1971, 1977, 1988, 1989, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2006 This transiation of THE SPEED READING BOOK 01 Edition is published by arrangement between Pearson Education Limited, UK and Nhan Tri Viet Co.. Ltd, Vietnam. ACH DAY BOC NHANH Céng ty TNHH Nhan Ti Vigt gid ban quyén ban dich tiéng Viet, 2008. Buge xust bin doc quyén tai Viet Nam, phat hanh trén toan thé gidi, theo hog déng chuyén nhugng ban quyén gida Pearson Education Limited va Céng ty TNHH Nhan Tri Viet. Khong phéin nao trong tac phdm nay dugc phép sao chép, Itty gill, dua vao hé thdng truy cp, hoe truyén ti bang bat ky hinh thuc hay phuong tién ao, dign tt, ghi am, sao chyp, thy hinh, phat tan qua mang, ho&c duéi bat ci hinh the nao khde khi chia ¢6 sy cho phép bang van ban cia chii ban quyén Léi cém on ) Léi ndi dau cia chi bién 1 Léi néi dau cla tac gid 13 Gidi thiéu 5 Phin mgt Kham pha cdc téc 46 cla ban Bai kiém tra mé déu Chong 1 Ban dang 6 dau? Kiém tra t6e d) doc va mie d tiép thu binh thuong cia ban 26 Bai ur kiém tra 1 Cue chién Tri tué — Mat tran rén luyén nao a 2 Lich sitctia doc nhanh “4 3 Doc Mot dinh nghia méi 54 Phin hai DSi mat ky diéu ca ban 58 Kiém sodt ede chuyén dong mat cia ban dé nang cao toc do va mie 6 tip thu 59 Bai tr kiém tra 2 Nghé thuat - Te Ban so dén Co Doc gido 7) 5 Dé mat lam viée tot — Nhung diéu kien vé mot truong bén ngoai va én trong edn cho doe nhanh 8 © Huéng dan mat —Mot ky thudtt méi vé doc nhanh va docmé rong 92 Bai te kiém tra 3 Tri thong minh cia loai vat 99 Tién dén doc siéu nhanh — Dai vinh danh nhtimg nguéi doc nhanh 110 Sigu hung din hudng dén ede dp 46 doc véi “Tri nhé nhu chap anh” 126 Bai arkiém ta 4 Ching ta e6 don doe trong vi try khong? Cac hinh thai tri tug ngoai dia edu 149 9 Phat trién cde ky nding doc hadt va doc dé 6 edp 40 mang cao 161"7 Bé ndo mang tinh tuong déi cia ban —'Tang tée do bing phuong phap mdi: Ren luyén voi dung cy dém nhip im Bai uckiém tra 5 Bo nao cia tré so sinh 175 Phan ba Siéu tap trung va tiép thu 184 Cae van 48 thuong gap khi doe - Doe thm, chi tay, doe nguge lat va doc lai ede tir 185 Nang cao kha nang tap trung va mu do tiép thu eda ban 198 Phén bon Phat trién cdc ky nang doc nhanh cla ban 6 cap d6 nang cao 206 ky thuat So dé Tu duy*— Chiéu kich mai trong tuduy va ghi chit 20 Sir dung kién thie vé cau tric doan dé nang cao tée 6 va muic 46 tiép thu 214 Doc trude chu diém - Doi trinh sat tu duy cia ban 218 Phat trién Tix vung Uu viet cia ban (I) Tiép dau ngit 222 Phat trién Ti vung Uu viét cia ban (I]) Tiép vf ng 234 Phat trién Ti vung Uu viét cia ban (III) Ngit can Phin nim Tré thanh Kién tudng Doc: Nang cao cach sit dung cdc hé théng mat/nao cua ban 250 Ky thuat Hoc tap theo Quan hé Hitu co cia So 46 Tu duy (MMOST) 252 Bai te kiém tra 6 Trai dat dang thite gide: Bude nhay tién héa tiép theo cia chting ta - BO nao Toan cau 256 Lam chi thong tin tir bdo, tap chi va man hinh may vi tinh 288 Tao Hé so Kién thite cia ban — Ngan hang dit liéu bén ngoai bp no cia ban 280 Cam thy van chuong va thi ca 284 ‘Thanh tyu ciia ban tinh dén thoi diém nay — Ban c6 nhing kha ning phi thuong dé hung dén tuong lai 295 Bai twkiém tra 7 Bé no cia ban — Chiée khung citi huyén bi 296 Dap 4n cdc bai ty kiém tra 305 Dap én bai tap tit vung 307 Bigu dé tién bo 308 Thu muc tham khao Loi cam on Xin tran trong cim on: Vanda North, Téng bién tap dc lap cilia t6i, v6i t6c 46 doc nhanh “than ky” da déng gép rat nhiéu cOng site gitip cuén sich nay dugc hinh thinh; céc trq ly riéng ciia ti, Lesley Bias, Phyllida Wilson, Sandy Zambaux da cé nhiéu giip 46 ding quy trong vige danh my bin thio va trinh bay cun sich; Justin Coen vé nhing sing tao dc déo cia anh cho phan minh hoa va doc iém 16i; moi ngudi trong gia dinh Folley da dinh khu vue phy can tuyét dep cia ngéi nha dé t6i hoan tat cuén sich; cic Trung tam Buzan cing tat ci giing vién Tu duy Mé rng 4a hé tra, nghién ctu, 4p dung nhig phuong php nay vio vig giing day; Caro cing Peter Ayre da danh tron khu Greenham Hall dé téi lam v: hoan thinh phan lén giai doan nghién ctu dau tién; Robyn Pontynen & dao Lizard, Uc, ngudi da lo vige an 6 cia toi ean Adam, ngudi da hé tra va céng hign cho su nghiép doc hiéu qua hon; “Déi cia téi” tai hang BBC gém Chris Weller, Sheila Ableman, Joanne Osborn ya Sarah Lavelle; Té chife Brain Trust cing moi thinh vién cia céc Cau lac b§ Nao b@ vi sr tan tuy v6i muc tiéu Hiéu biét Tri tué toan cau va dac biét la Khai trong sudt thdi gian téi thai nghén cuén doc nhanh.Léi ndi dau cua chu bién ‘That vinh dy khi duge gidi thiéu Sach Day Doc Nhanh v6i dong dao ban doc thugc moi lita tudi, nhong ngudi luén khat khao nang cao von tri thife vé c4i thé gidi khé chiu va than thuong ctia chting ta — di sin cia qué khtt, nhimg phat trién vé khoa hoc, chinh tri cia théi dai, vin hoc duong dai va 6 dign, Day la cudn sich danh dau sy vuon lén cia Tony Buzan, mot chang trai thong minh xuat ching. Bang kha ning khiém tdn cia minh, trong nhiéu nim qua, toi da co’ ging béi dp sur nghiép cho anh va anh da nhanh chéng tao duge tén tudi cho minh. Trong cudn sich nay, Tony Buzan da giin luge thinh mot he thong hoc tap don gian, dé hiéu nhimg gi t6i va ngudi cing thdi phai ton nhiéu cong strc, kinh nghiém méi 6 duge ~néu that sy li cé duge. Chic ch&n khi sir dung hé thong via néu cia Tony Buzan, ban sé nhanh chéng lim dugc, néu khong muén néi 1a vugt tréi, nhiing gi ti da phai lam trong nhieu nam: doc it nhat 3 t bao mdi ngay; khoang 25 te tap chi khoa hoc, 6 té tun béo phé théng va hai hay ba cudin sich m6i tuan; khoang mét ta tap chi phé thong mdi thang, cing nhiéu thu tt, bao cao, cic bai béo duge ct ra, tu ligu tham Khio, sich hudng din, ca-ta-l6, v.v. Uéc gi nhiéu nim trade day, t6i huéng duge Igi ich tir he thong ma Tony Buzan di trinh bay that r6 ring va dé hiéu trong cudn sich nay. Néu nhu thé, ti da tiét kiém duge biétbao thoi gian, céng stte; va toi ching cam thay xau ho chit nao khi tht: nhan ring cho dén bay gid t6i van tip tuc hoc & anh phuong phdp nang cao higu ning doc. Ban cé thé hudng duge lai thé khdi dau dking hudng 6 giai doan sém hon toi rat nhiéu. Mong ban dig bé 16 co héi! Viée nay chac chin sé rat t6n cOng sire, ngay ci khi Tony Buzan da hudng dan chi tiét ting-budc-mét; nhung néu kién tri, ban sé thay cuén sich nay gidng nhu dang mé ra cho ban canh cia bude vao thé gidi ng§p trin kién thire nhw anh ning ban mai ruc rd. Cé Chi bién Heinz Norden, Erstwhile Information, Cudin sch kign thie Vign si vién Ngon ngi hoc Loi ndi dau cua tac gia Nam téi 14 tudi, lp hoc cia t6i duge cho mét loat bai kiém tra dé thay 06 danh gid cic ky nang tw duy cia ching téi. Trong sé nhting bai kiém tra d6, cé mét bai vé doc nhanh. Vai tuan sau, chiing toi duge bao két qua, va diém trung binh tia t6i 1a 213 ti mdi phuit (tmp). Dau tién, toi cam thay phn chain, béi s6 213 nghe cd vé rat nhidu! Tuy nhién, niém vui dy khong kéo dai duge bao lau, vi giéo vien cia chting t6i da gidi thich ngay ring 200 tmp chi 6 mic trung binh, va ban doc nhanh nhat Idp 6 s6' diém la 314 tmp — chi hon diém trung binh cia tdi trén 100 tmp. Tin khong vui nay 4a lam thay déi cue ddi toi: via tan hoc, t6i chay ngay dén gap thay giéo dé hdi lam thé no t6i c6 thé edi thign téc 46 doc cita mink. Thay giéo da tra loi ring khong thé nao lim duge diéu &6, vi t6c 46 doc ciia mot ngudi — cing gidng nhw chi s6 1Q, chiéu cao khi tru’mg thinh hay mau mat cia ho — vé co bin la khong thay adi. Diéu nay nghe khdng hop ly lim. Tai sao? Toi bit diu mét chuong trinh tap thé luc kha nang; va chi trong vai tuan, tdi a cam nhan duye nhimg thay adi dang ké trong hau het cac co bap. Néu nhing bai tap thich hop c6 thé mang lai cho téi su chuyén bién to lén vé thé chat nhw thé thi tai sao cdc bai tap thich hop vé thi gidc va tri tué lai khéng cho phép téi thay d6i tée d6 doc, mic 46 tiép thu va kha ning nhé néi dung da doc?Nhiing cau héi nay khign t6i lao vio mét cugc tim kiém ng bao lau sau da giip t6i vugt qua rao can 400 tmp, va cudi cing 6 thé doc thoai mi 6 téc 46 trén 1.000 tmp. Qua cic khim phi 46, tdi hiéu ra rng, 6 moi cap 46, doc dot v6i tri tué cing gidng nhw tép aerobic cho co thé. Nho tim hiéu vé phép la cia d6i mat cing kha ning phi thudng trong bé nao ctia minh, toi khong chi ning cao durge téc 46 doc, mite 46 tiép thu, kha nang nhé, ma cn cé thé suy nghi nhanh va sang tao hon, ghi chi ¥ twdng tét hon, vugt qua cic ky thi mét cach dé dang, hoc cé higu qua hon, va tiet kiém duoc nhiéu ngiy, nhiéu tuin, thim chi nhiéu thang, trong quy théi gian ciia minh, Séch Day Doc Nhanh ma ban dang cim trén tay 1a két qua cia 40 nam t6i thuc hanh va nghién ctu vé Iinh vuc nay. Trong sich od Inu nhimg bf quyét quan trong ma toi da hoc dugc trong suét quang thdi gian ay. Hy vong ring ban sé 6 mét chuyén hinh trinh ly thi, va cdc ky thuat vé Hiéu biét Tri tué trong sich sé mang lai cho ban nhiéu diéu hiu ich nh d6i voi t6i. Gidi thiéu Cach sti dung Sach Day Doc Nhanh » Muc dich ctia Sdch Day Doc Nhanh * Cc phan chinh * Cfu tric ctia cée chuong = C&ch doc nhanh Sach Day Doc Nhanh Phan nay gidi thigu nhing myc dich chinh cia Sich Day Doc Nhanbh, céch chia cudn séch thanh nam phan chinh, gidi thich edu tric ede chuong va huéng din phuong phép doc nhanh cudn sich day doe nhanh nay. {ae Hang trigu ngudi trén thé gidi di phat biéu ring hhoe céch doc nhanh sao cho dé dang, thong sudt 1a mét trong nhiing thanh tyu ding gid va ob ¥ nghia nhat trong cude doi ho. Diém nhan'Muc dich ctia Sdch Day Doc Nhanh Sach nay c6 sau muc dich chinh: Nang tée 46 doc cia ban lén mite ding ké. Nang cao va duy tri mite dé tiép thu ciia ban Nang cao kién thie cla ban vé chite nang ctia mat va nao nhim gidp ban sir dung chiing higu qua hon trong doc sich, hoc tap, sinh hoat c& nhan hing ngay hay chuyén mén, Gilip ban mé réng von tir va kign thitc téng quat Gitip ban tiét kiém thoi gian 6. Gidp ban ty tin. C&c phan chinh Dé dé doc va hoc, Séch Day Doc Nhanh duoc thiét ké thanh 5 phan 1 » Kham phé céc téc dé cia ban © phan nay, ban sé duge hudng din céch sik dung mot bigu 6 don giin aé ty kiém tra sy tigh b6 vé téc 46 doc va mit 6 tigp thu ciia minh qua céc phan trong sich. Ngoai ra, phan nay con bao gém lich sit cla doc nhanh, nhtmg cap nhat mdi nhat vé ly thuyét doc, va mét dinh nghia doc méi nhim gitp ban nang cao higu ning doc & moi cip 46. 2 © Déi mat ky diéu cia ban Phan nay giip ban hiéu duge ring d6i mit cia ban that sy rdt ky digu, déng thoi huémg din ban cich kiém soat mit nhim tang nhanh téc 46 doc va nang cao mic dé tiép thu cia ban. Ban sé lam quen véi nhimg ngudi doc nhanh nim trong Top Ten hién nay cia thé gidi cing mét s nhan vat néi tiéng trong lich sir doc nhanh, Bén canh 46, phan ndy cén day ban céc ky thuat didu khién mat trén trang gi iy hiéu qua hon; phat trién ky nang doc lust, doc dd 6 cp 46 nang cao; va sip xép moi trudng lam vige nhim gidip mit, nao doc nhanh hon Ngoai ra, phan Doi mat ky diéu cing cung cap cho ban nhdg bai tap va bai kiém tra doc nhanh nhim gidip ban ting curdng sic manh “co bap” cia hé thong mat/nao, déng thoi tip tuc nang cao tée 46 doc cia ban 3 © Sigu tap trung va tiép thu Phan Siéw tdp arung va tiép thu chi trong vao cdc khé khan chinh khi doc cing céch khéc phuc. Nhing khé khan nay bao gém: tap trung kém, tiép thu kém, doc thim, “cic van dé vé hoc” nhur chimg khé doc va ADDS (Attention Deficit Disabil- ity Syndrome (H6i chimg réi loan lam gidm khd nang tép trung)) Cé thé néi day 1A phan “tin vui” vi qua dé ban sé thay moi khé khin déu duge khic phuc. 1 © Phat trién céc ky nang doc nhanh cia ban 6 cap 46 nang cao Phan nay gitip ban mé rong vén tir — yéu té quan trong nhat trong vige nang cao tri tué cla ban — va lim quen véi tiép dau ngi, tiép vi ngit, ngit can cia hing chuc ngan ti. Day chinh la chia khéa dé mo canh cita dan yao thé giéi ménh méng cilia tir yung va tri thite.Ngoai nhimg néi dung trén, phan nay cén giai thich vé ky thugt So dé Tw duy® (chiéu kich mdi trong tr duy va ghi chit), déng théi hudng din ban phuong phép van dung kién thite cu tric doan nhim nang cao higu qua doc va cach nhin “toin canh” moi cuén sich doc. 5 © Tré thanh Kién tuéng Doc: Nang cao céch sit dung cdc hé théng mat/ndo cia ban Trong phan cudi cia Sach Day Boc Nhanh, ban sé lam quen voi cc ky thuat doc nang cao, gom ky thuat hoe toan dién, cach kiém sodt thong tin tir bao/tap chi va xit ly bing né thong tin ti man hinh my vi tinh cing nhiing “may méc thong minh” khéc, huéng dan ban phuong phap 4p dung céc ky thuat doc nhanh vio van chuong, thi ca, déng thoi gidi thigu véi ban mot khai niém mdi: “Hé so Kién thie” — céch 4p nhgt tri thie ciia ngudi doc nhanh trong bat kj linh vic nio. Phan cudi nay két thiic bing vién cnh ngay cing tuoi sing hom cia ban, cing nhing chi dan dé ban ti p tuc nang cao toc 9 dgc, mite a9 tiép thu, cae ky thuat va théi quen doc nhanh trong sudt cude doi. Sau phan cuéi la céc phan: Dap 4n céc bai ty kiém tra, Biéu a6 tié b@ ciia ban, Thu muc tham khio va thong tin vé cic Trung tim Buzan. Bat kj ai da mua Sach Day Doc cau duge géi don xin gia nhap vio cic Cau lac b Nao bé trén khdp the gid, Vhanh déu oé quyén yéu Khi da tré thinh thanh vién cia cau lac bd, ban sé nhjn dirge nhiing thong tin méi nhat vé b@ nao cia minh cing nh cich sit dung né, céc tin tite c§p nhat vé doc nhank; va sé duge tgp xtic v6i hing ngin ngudi cé s6 thich gidng ban. C4 nim phan néu trén déu duge tém tét bing hinh miu dudi dang nhimg So dé Tw duy Chi dao & bang Ill, IV, V, Vil, Vill. \Caiu tric iia cdc chuong Nhing chuong dai hon trong Sach Day Doc Nhanh gom: L6i mo dau gidi thigu chi dé cia chuong Noi dung chinh Cac bai tap ty hoan thi¢n Nhing bai doc gitip kiém tra toc 46 va mite d6 tiép thu hié ia ban Tom tat ngin K@ hoach cho nhiing vige cin thu hign Phan Tiép ndi dn ttr chuong nay qua chung khéc Ngoai ra, cdn cé cic sur kién If thei, kich thich suy ngh trong myc “Diém nhan” xuyén sudt cudn sich, Céc Bai ty kiém tra Trong bay chuong ctia Sach Day Doc Nhanh, c6 mét loat bai viét va doc duge chon loc theo cip dé nhim gitip ban theo doi thudng xuyén tién bé cia minh. Nhiing Bai tu kiém tra 6 phan dau sich gitp nang cao téc 49 dgc cita ban, cic bai & phan gita gitip phat trién nhing kha ning vé nhan thite va tk yung, con cdc bai @ phan cudi gitp ban tan dung tiém nang doc nhanh. Vai bai doc 06 lign quan gn lich sit va ly thuyét thue nhing linh vue kién thite trong yéu cia nhan loai; cén Tai ld bai viét vé cc cong trinh nghién ctu méi nhat trong hoc tap va bé nao. Do vay, khi doc xong sich nay, ban khong nhiing sé nang cao toc d6 doc, mite 46 tiép thu, kha ningnhan xét, cim thy ma cén cé kign thire phong phit hon vé ban than va thé giéi quanh minh. Nhing Bai tw kiém tra gdm: Cuéc chién Tri tu¢ — Mat tran rén luyén nao (xem trang 27) Nghé thuat — Tt Ban so dén Co"Ddc gido (xem trang 72) Tri théng minh cia loai vat (xem trang 99) wing ta cé don déc trong vid tru khéng? Cac hinh thé tri tué ngoai dia cdu (xem trang 149) B6 nao ctia tré so sinh (xem trang 175) ‘Tréi dat dang thite giéc: Bude nhiy tién héa tiép theo cla ching ta — B6 ndo Toan cau (xem trang 256) B6 nao cia ban — Chiéc khung citi huyén bi (xem trang 296) Céc bai tap Trong bay chung Séch Day Doc Nhanh cé cac bai tap dc bigt nhim nang cao sy cim nh§n truc quan, 46 nhay bén tu duy, kha ning nhan xét, va ning luc tit vung cia ban. Giéng nhu nhiing bai tap luyén co bap, cdc bai tap nay sé mang dén cho ban nhiéu Iqi ich hon na néu ban lip lai chiing vai lan. Moi chuong sich déu duge xen ké nhing hinh minh hoa va so d6 nhim giip ban hiéu ngi dung dé dang hon. Ngoai ra, sich cén cé nhiéu ciu chuyén sé dem lai cho ban su phan chan va niém cim hig. Gach doc nhanh Séch Day Doc Nhanh Sach Day Doc Nhanh li khéa hoc mot tuan, hai tuan, ba tuan hoac bon tuan, tay thudc vao viéc ban muén dat duge cic muc ti¢u cia minh nhanh dén mite nao! Hay doc vai doan tiép theo, réi vach ra ké hoach hoc tap ctia ban. Trude tién, hay doc hét muc luc, xac dinh nhiing ndi dung ma ban muén hoc réi phac thao théi lung sé danh cho ting noi dung &é va cudi cling hoin tat bing mot din ¥ tong quét trong @4u vé ca néi dung lin chuong trinh hoe cila ban. Vige nay chi mat vai phut Sau 45, doc lust hét cuén sach, lam quen véi cdc phan khdc nhau, réi bat dau dién vao bite tranh trong dau vé “tong thé” clia cudn sich va muc tiéu cla ban. Bay gid, hay quyét dinh xem ban muén mdi ngay hoc mot, hai, ba chuong, hay thay déi tién 46 cia minh. Lite da quyét dinh, hay ghi lai ké’hogch hoc tdp trong nhét hy cuia ban, ddnh déu ngay bat ddu vd két thiic cudn sdch. Lua ¥ khi tinh cic méc thoi gian nay, hay nhé ring trung binh mdi chuong sich chi dai mudi trang, va da sé bai tap déu dé lamTiép néi Phan mot Bn sfp din thin vio mt trong nhing chayén anh tri I thi Kham ha nat di minh - hay lét sang trang dé bat ddu, Pp. 2 ms a 2 cac toc do cia ban (Bai kiém tra mo dau Dé kich thich suy nghi ctia ban vé doc va doc nhanh, dui day 1a bai kiém tra vé c théi quen ciing kj ning doc, Hay tra loi Diing hoic Sai cho mi ciu, rdi kiém tra ket qua 6 trang 25 ’ thé doc trén 1,000 tt mdi phiit. Du Mudn hiéu thiu déo, ban nén doc chim va ky. Pring/Sai 5. Doc timg tir mét gidp hiéu duge noi dung. iing/Sai ‘. Doc tham la théi quen lam ban doc chim di va nén han ché ho§c logi ba Diing/Sa Ban nén 6 gang hiéu 100% ndi dung doc. 6. Ban nén c ig nhé 100% néi dung doc 7. Mit ban phai luét thong sudt va lién tye theo timg déng khi doc, Biing/Sai 8. Néu la bé s6t trong khi doc thi ban nén doc nguge lai dé bao dam 1a minh hiéu trude khi tiép tuc Dung/Sai Ding ngén tay chi tren trang gidy khi doc lim ban doc cham lai va nén tp bé théi quen nay Duing/SaiKhi gip vin dé khéng hiéu, ban nén khic phuc réi méi chuyén sang doc ndi dung tiép theo dé bio dim tinh lign Doi véi ce cuén sich hay ho§e quan trong, ban nén doe ting trang mot. Ping doc trang 20 néu chia doc tr: 19, va di mbién 1a khong doc phin cudi néu chia doc xong phin dau \ing/Sai Cho qua mgt s6 ti la théi quen hindi bigng cin phii bé, Khi doc dén nhumg ché quan trong trong mét cudh sich, ban nén ghi cha aé dé nhé hon, Diing/Sai Déng co khong anh hudng dén cach lién lac co ban mat/nao va téc 46 doc cia ban. Dir Ghi chi phai ludn gon ging va o6 thir ty — chi yéu gdm cic cau hay bing liét ké sip xép nhing théng tin a2 doc Duing/Sai Khi doc mét tit khong hiéu, ban phai cé tir dién ben canh dé tra ngay diing/Sai Mot trong nhiing tic hai cla doc nhanh la mike 46 tip thu bi giim di Phing/Sai Theo dinh nghia, tat cd ching ta déu doc véi te a6 binh thudng Piing/Sai Doi v6i tiéu thuy@t va tho, cin doe cham hon dé cam thy ¥ nghia cia thong tin cing nhw nhip digu cia ngon gut Ban chi that sy-hiéu duge nhimg gi ma mat ban nhin th’y that ré ring ding/Sat Bap an cia Bai kiém tra mo dau Néw trong sO che cau tri Idi ciia ban chi c6 mot cau tra 13i “Bing” thi ban gin nhw @& c6 thé tham gia vio doi nga gio vién day doc nhanh cia ching toi! Va chi cé mot cau tra loi *Piing” duy nhit, 46 la cau dau tién — C6 thé doc trén 1.000 tir méi phit Moi cau héi con lai déu phat duge tri loi mot céch chfc chin [i “Sai D6 1a nhimg nhjn thie sai lim hién nay vé doc Néu tin céc quan niém sai lim nay thi ban khéng nhimg dang tin vio diéu khong dling ma cén tin vio téc nhin lim théi quen doc cia ban ngiy cing ti té hon, téc a9 dgc ngiy ing chim hon, vi mc 46 tigp thu ngiy cing kém di Khi ban doe cac chur mg ctia Séch Day Doc Nhanh, nhang quan nigm sai lim trén sé lin lugt bi dinh gue dé cudi cing ban o6 thé thing tign trén con dug thénh thang din 4@ think tyu trong cic muc tiéu doc cta minh.Ban dang 6 dau? Kiém tra téc d6 doc va mtic dé tiép thu binh thung cua ban Cha diém Bai ty kiém tra 1 cOng mic do tiép thu Ban da lam nfur thé nao? Tom tat Nhing viée can thyc hién Trong bat Ij tinh hung hoe hay ty hodn thign néo, cing cin xe dinh avdt phat digm that su cia ban. Chi khi 44 dénh gid dase chinh xe vi tr hign tai oda minh la ¢ dau, cho div tri dé nu thé nao di nda, thi ban mi o6 mét nén ting vitng chic dé yum tdi mye tiéu tdi hau cla minh. Trong chuong niy, hay lim nguye lai hoan toin nh sé lim trong cic chuomg tigp theo. Ban khing diye doc nhanh, vi cdn tinh téc d6 hign thdi cla ban 48 nh gia chin xée nhiing tign b@ ma ban sé dat due khi doc Sich Day Boe Nhanh. Ban cing sé kiém tra mére 46 tiép thu cia minh vi 15 cau dang tric nghi¢m vi ding/sai. Khi doc doan vin, ding bin dén mite d6 tiép thu rit cao hoe rit thip ma chi nhém yao mite 9 ma ban thudng nghi Id phii c6 khi doc loai tin nay Cing diimg ban tam dén vigc bi diém thap vé t6e 46 doc hay mie d6 tiép thu. Hay nhé ring sich nay dinh cho nhimg ai mudn trau ddi cic ky ning doc va diém thip ban dau 1A digu binh thuong, tat yeu. Vi thé, ban kh6ng cin phii chay dua nhim dat 6c a9 cao hom mic binh thuong, khong cin phii vat v3 dé od diém cao ngét vé mac do tip thu, va cng khng cin phai ban tam dén két qua cia ban. Hay at déng hd bén canh réi doc mot minh (vi nhé nguci bam gic hoic canh ching tat yéu sé lam anh uring dén vige doc hiéu, va khign cho mét 36 ngudi doc voi hon hoe chim hon thudng 12) Khi vila doc xong bai viet, hay xem déng hé ngay réi tinh tie d6 cia ban. Trong sich sé cé hudng din chi tiét vé cich thye hién vige niy Hay chugn bi, va bay gig bat dau doc bink thug doan van dui day tral: ‘Tri tug — Mat tran rén luyén nao Céc xu thé méi cia thé gidi Nhimg nha phan tich thi truxing ching khoin luén giuong di mit diéu hau quan sit musi nhin vat & thung king Silicon Chi cin ¢6 dau hi Hing B thi céc thi trudng chimg khoan thé gidi bién dng gay. 3 ‘ ndt nhan v3t sé chuyén tir Hang A sangUy ban Dich va Nhan lye Anh da céng bé két qua cia mot cade didu tra cho thay trong s6 10% cae c6ng ty hang dau cia Anh thi cd dén 80% cong ty o6 sy dau tu ding ké vé thoi gian va tign bac cho vige dio tao, cdn 10% cong ty dimg cuci bing thi khong cé bat kj sy dau tr nio, © Minnesota, Dy an Giéo duc Dign toin Plato cting da nang cao trinh do tw duy va higu nang hoc tap cho 200.000 hoe sinh Trong lye lung quan sw cia ngiy cing nhiéu quée gia, nghg thugt dat tri dang tré:nén quan trong khéng kém céc ky ning chign dé bing va luc Cén nhting doi Olympic Quéc gia hién dinh dén 40% thd gian tap luyén cia ho cho vigc phat trién trang thai tinh than tich cue, sic bén tam ly va khi ning tong tung Trong s6 500 céng ty My cé loi nhuan cao nhat do tap chi Fortune 500 binh chon thi chi riéng nim céng ty may tinh hing diu di chi hon mét tf 46 la cho vige dio tgo nhan vién; va phat trién vén tri thie, bao gém ci vige phit trién he thong tién t@ manh nhat thé gidi — loai tién t@ tri tue — da troy thanh wu tién trude nhat © Caracas, tiga si Luis Alberto Machado tré thinh ngudi dau tien gitt chic BO trutmg Tri tué, voi nhiém vu chinh tri la ning cao tri ning qudc gia. Hign nay, chiing ta dang chimg kién m@t bude nhiy khéng 16 trong sy tién héa ea nhan loai — nhan thite vé chinh tri tug cia minh di doi véi sy nhan thie ring c6 thé béi duéng tri tue dy dé mang lai loi ch lim lao. Tin vui nay phai duge xem xét nhw nhing vin dé od nghia nhat do cng déng kinh thuong vach ra, Trong 20 nim qua, ngwii ta da thim dé § kién cia hon 100.000 ngudi khip nim chau va nhan thiy c6 20 link vye hing dau thutmg duge dé ngh phai hodn thign. Dé la: 1. Téc 49 doc Doc hiéu 3. Cac ky ning hoc tap téng quit i ly tinh trang bing né théng tin Tri nho Sy tip trung Cac ky ming giao tiép bing loi néi Cac ky ning giao tiép bing chit viet Twrduy sing tg0 Vach ké hoach Ghi chai Phan tich van dé Gidi quyét vin dé Dong co Turduy phan tich Cac ky thugt thi cit Xéc lap wu tien Quin If thai gian 9. Tigp thu thing tin Khoi sw (chin chit) - Khi ning tri te suy gidm theo tudi tic V6i sy tre giip ti nhumg cOng trinh nghién ctu hign dgi ve hi: ming ea no, méi vin dé trén déu cd thé duge xir If -y 61 dé ding. Cic céng tinh nghién cttu nay bao gdm: + Chite ning cia vé nao trai va phai 2. Ung dung So a6 Tur duy3. Doe siéu téc va doc mé rGng/eae dom vi dic nhiém cung cp tri thie Che ky thuit hé tra tri nhé Tinh trang quén sau khi hoc TE bio nio Cac kha ning tri tué va sw lio héa Chie nang cia vd ndo tréi va phdi Hign nay, ching ta biét edu tric cia v6 nao tri va phi ob khuynh hudng diéu khién nhing chic ning tri tug khic nhau Chie ning chinh cla v6 nio tri i xi ly logic, ti, 86, trink ty, phan tich, quan he tuan ty va ligt ke; cdn v6 nao phai la nhip digu, mau sfc, tudng tuyng, mo méng, cc quan hé vé khong gian va kich thuée Gén day, ngudi ta méi phat hign v6 no trai khong phai ld ving “hoc thugt”, cdn vé nao phai khong phai la ving “sing tg0, thién vé tryc gide, chm xe", Nhiéu céng trinh nghién cfu 43 cho ching ta biét ring can két hop sir dung cd hai ban nio dé dat higu qua cao vé hoc thuat lin sing tao. Cac thién tai cia thé gidi nhu Einstein, Newton, Cézanne, Mozart, cing nhimg doanh nhan tai ning xuit ching, déu da két hop cic ky ning vé ngén ng@, s6, phan tich voi tri tudng tugng dé céng hién cho nhin loai nhimg tuyét tic day sing tao. Ung dung So 43 Tu duy Néu biét sit dung cic kién thie co bin trén vé chic ning hoat dong cia tri tug, chiing ta cé thé giai quyét ting vén dé day néu bing cich dio tgo con ngudi, va thudmg mang lai két qui kha quan dén 500%. Mot trong nhiing phumg phap hign dai dé git hai ket qua hurthé la tng dung So 46 Tu duy Trong ghi chi thong thuing, da la dé nhé thong tin, chuan bi giao tip bing 131 ndi/che viet, sfp xép tung, phan tich van dé, vach ké hoach hay twrduy sing tg0, thi céch trinh biy thing thay déu theo quan hé tudn ty: cau, bang Tigt ké ngfin gém cic cum tit hoc bang ligt ké theo thé ty s6 vi chi ci, Do thiéu miu sic, nhip digu thi giéc, hinh anh, quan he vé kh6ng gian nén nhtmg phuong phip nay da lim xo img kha ning tri tué ctia nfo, va cin tré cfc quy trinh tr duy ndi trén. Nguye li, vige img dung So dé Tw duy tan dung toin b6 Khi ning cila v6 no bing cich @jt mét hinh anh vio trung tim trang gidy dé gidp nhé va to § dé ding hon, réi phan nhénh thinh cic mang { lién tuémg hién thi nhtng cu tric bén trong nio. Ding phuong phip niy, ban cé thé: soan bai thayét trinh chi trong my phiit thay vi vai ngdy; gidi quyét van dé nhanh chéng, toin dign hon; nang cao tri nhé tit lo dénh dén hoin hio; vi nhimg ngudi c6 kha ning tw duy sing 20 S€ 6 thé nghi ra v6 6 § tudng thay vi chi mot bing ligt ke bi cit xén Doc siéu t6e va doc mé rong/ede don vj dic nhi¢m cung cdip tri thie Bing cich két hop So dé Tu duy cing nhiing ky thuat méi vé oe sien téc va doc mé rong (cho phép vugt xa t6c d6 1.000 tie mdi phiit mie d6 tip thu tuyét voi réi cudi cing la doc ‘eu qua khoing 10.000 tir méi phiit), ta cé thé hinh thinh cic don vi dic nhiém cung cp tri thie Voi vide doc nhanh & mie dé n cao, lap So dé Tu duy hi tite vé din § cong nhuw cic chuomg cia sich, trao d6ithong tin ¢6 dur ky thuat So dé Tw duy va nhimg ky ning thuyét trinh nang cao, trong mot ngiy, bén ngudi hofc nhiéu hon nda cé thé tigp nhan, tich hep, nhé, va bit diu Sp dung vio tinh hudng chuyén mén ciia ho mée luyng thong tin méi tuong duong v6i bén cudn sich Cic tap doin da quée gia nhu Nabisco va Digital Computers da 4p dung nhtng ky thujt nay. 40 nhan viénl digu hinh c%p cao cla Nabisco vi 120 nhan vin diéu hank cap cao cia Digital Computers da chia céc nhém ciia ho think bdn Adi réi mdi ngudi chon mdt trong bn cudh sich va dge né trong hai gié bing céch ap dung ky thugt doc nhanh, doe Sau hai gid, c&c thinh vien trong doi cing thio Luin vé nhing higu biét, dién giii, phin img cia ho déi véi cud sich, Réi, ttmg doi cit mot dai dign lén thuyét trinh chi tit trudc tat cd céc thinh vien cia ba d0i kia, Quy trink nay 1gp lai bn Ian, Két qua, vao cudi mdi ngiy, nhing nhan viém didu hinh cip cao réi khdi phong hoi thio véi lung thong tin khéng chi twong duong bdn cudn sich méi é trong du, ma con duge tich hgp, phan tich, ghi nhé. Phuong phép trén ciing cé thé dugc ding theo cach tuemg tu trong tinh hudng gia dinh, va hién dang duoc céc gia dinky tren khap thé gidi ap dung Méi day, mét gia dinh ngudi Mexico da ap dung phuong phap nay cho ba dia con ciia ho, 6 do tudi tir 6 dén 15: ‘Trong vong hai thing, mdi em déu tré thinh hoc sinh xu sfc d Ida tudi cia minh. Voi stra gitip cia cic thinh vien gia dinh, trong hai ngiy, mdi em di hoc xong mét khéi lugngl kién thie mi nhimg da té/hoc sinh binh thudng phai mae dé ci nim. Céc ky thuat hé tro tri nhs Cae ky thudt bS tre tri nhé do ngudi Hy Lap phit minh ra truve day bi cho 1 “nhiing tré Ita bip”. Hign nay, ching ta bigt cic thi php ndy due dit nén méng ving ving dya trén die ning hoat dong cia bé nao; va, néu duoc ap dung ding ich, ching 06 thé cdi thign tri nhd cia bat ky ngudi ni née ding ké Nhitng ky thuit hd tro tri nhs doi hai ban phai sir dung cfc nguyen tic lien tudng, tung tong dé tao ra trong d4u minh hang hinh anh sé én cfc gic quan va nhé vay khong thé quen dug g dng, mhigu min sic, tic déng manh So 46 Tu duy that sy a mét cong cu hé tro tri nhé da chiéu, ding nhing chic nang sin 06 cia bd nao dé Khdc sau da kién/théng tin lén chinh bé nao theo cach hiéu qui hon. Voi ky thuat hd tro tri nhd, cic doanh nhan da duge hudn luygn dé nho hét 40 ngudi via duye gidi thigu, va thudc long nhiing bing liét ke gém trén 100 sin phim voi day dit thong tin. Cie ky thuat niy hién dang duye 4p dung tai Trung tim Dio t20 IBM @ Stockholm, va da cé anh hung lin dén sir think cong cia chung trinh dio tao dai cuong kéo dii 17 tuan ea ho, Nhing ky thuit tuomg tw cing duge sir dung 6 Gi8i Vo dich Tri nhé Thé gidi trong 5 nim qua, dic biet 1a bai duong kim V6 dich Thé gidi Dominic O'Brien, ngudi hign dang gitt kj luc. Neudi ta ngiy cing nhan thie ring hoc cich hoe inaic ki Hep nhan bat kj chuong trinh dio tao nio khac la diéu thiet thye. Day chinh la ly do kl 8 dua ky thuat hé trg tri nhé vio moi khda dio tao cia ho hu did | kién bat bude * high nhiéu t6 chire quéc té tien tign quan trong hing du Chi cin mot AED tinh don gian cing thay duye ring néu chi 1.000.000bang Anh cho dio tao, ri 80% ndi dung hoc bi quén di tron hai tuan, thi didu 46 cing déng nghia voi vige bj thigt 800,000 bing Anh trong thei gian ay! Tinh trang quén sau khi hoc Tinh trang quén sau khi hoc qua 18 nghiém trong. Sau mot budi hoc kéo dai 1 gid, kh nang nhé lai thong fi ting nhe vi nao tich hop cic dit kién mdi. Tiép theo, Kl ning nhé giim nhanh: 6 én 80% thong tin bi quén di sa 24 gid. Ty lé nay hau nhu khéng 46i bat ké théi lugng tic thong tin, Nhu vay, mét khéa hoc ba ngay sé it nhigu bj qu di trong vng mét dén hai tuan sau khi két thiic. That ding lo ngai: néu mot cong ty da quéc gia méi ni chi 50 trigu a6 la cho viée dao tgo nhung trong két cau gia day khdng quy dinh phai cé phn on tap dking cach thi cong a sé mat 40 trigu dé la theo mot cich khéng thé tin dh trong vong vai ngay sau khi chuong trinh dio tao két thiic, Chi bing cich nang cao sy hiéu biét don giin vé nhip iia tri nhé, ta ob thé kh6ng chi trinh duge tinh trang s giim néu trén ma con hun luyén cho nhan vién biét tang khoi lung théng tin 43 hoc dugc va nhé durge Té bao nao Trong 5 nim qua, té bio ndo di tré thinh link vuc méi trot céng cuée tim kiém kign thie cia nhin logi. Méi ngudi ching ta khéng chi cd 1,000 tf té bio nao che méi lien két gitta ching véi nhau cn hinh thinh m@t Jung dang thac vi hoin vj v6 cing lén. Theo cich tinh chuyén gia gidi phiu thin kinh ngudi Nga Pyotr K. Anokhil nga dink my s6 luong niy theo cich thang thing, ta 8 «6 mot day 36 gém sO'1 vi mundi trigu km 560! Véi kha ning sin o6 cila chuing ta la tich hop va xirlf v6 36 af miu di lgu, nhng nha nghién ctu ndo thy r0 hing chi may vi tinh sinh hoc phi therimg cia ching ta (c6 kha ning tah trong mot giay nhiing gi mi may vi tinh Cray, wéi te A sir lf 400 tru phép tinh/giay, thyc hign trong 100 nim) néu duoc rén luyen diing cich sz ting t6c va ning cao v6 tan cic [hi ning trong vige gidi quyét vin dé, phan tich, xic lip wu tien, sing tao, truyén dat ¥ tudng, Cc kha nang tri tué va suf lao hoa “Ching chet di!” 1a digp khuic thurdng nghe khi ngué ta duge hi: “Diéu gi sé xiy ra cho cic té bio nio Kkhi ching lio héa?”; va cau tr loi nay thudng duge phit biéu voi sw qui quyét phi thudng, ky la. Tuy nhién, tin si Marion Diamond thuge Dai hoc California da céng bé mot trong nhimg théng tin ly thit nhat tik cong trinh nghien cifu nao hign dai. Méi day, vi tién si nay xée quyét ring khdng c6 chimg cé nao cho thiy té bio nao trong nhiing bé nao binh thudng, nang dng va khée manh bj mit di theo tuéi tic aoe: Nguye lai, cic céng trinh nghién ctu hign dang cho thity 6 sr gia ting sinh hoc vé 46 phiic tap trong cic tuong quan iia nfo — nghia 1A tri thong minh ciia mot ngudi sé nang cao =néu nao duye sir dung va rén luyén VE mit théng ké, vige dio to ning ngudi & a6 tuédi tit 60, 70, 80, 90 tré len cho thiy con ngudi cé thé ning cao Moi hoat dong tri tue mot cach én dinh va c6 ¥ nghia trong moi Hiah vyChing ta dang 6 diém khéi dau cia mgt cuge eich mg chua ting cé tir trade d€n nay; bude nhiy khéng 16 trong lj si phat trign tri tug nhan logi Trén binh dign cd nhan va trong linh vue gido dye, ki doanh, théng tin tir cée phéng thi nghiém tim If, sinh If thal kink, giéo duc dang duge sit dung dé giai quyét nhiing vin ma cho dén nay da duoc céng nhjn 1a khong thé trinh khéi trong qué trinh lio héa, Bing cach van dung kién thie cla minh vé cic chic nny riéng biét cia bé nao, hién thj nhimg quy trinh trong da dusi dang So 46 Tu duy, st dung cic yéu t6 va nhip digu bat sinh cia tri nhé, sp dung kién thie vé té bio nio cing Kd ning nang cao tri tué thudmg xuyén trong suét cudc dé ching ta hiéu ring chiing ta that sy cé thé gianh chién thing trong cude chién tri tue Bay gid, hay ngimg déng hé bim gicr Théi luong phat Tiép theo, hay tinh téc d6 doc cia ban theo sé ti mdi phuit (tmp) bling c&ch chia s6 ti trong doan vin trén (1.871 tt) théi gian gc (theo phut). Céng thite doc nhanh: si tir $6 nit mai phiit (tmp) = 5 Sau khi tinh xong, hay dién két qua vio vi tri tmp 6 cudi dog nay va vio hai Biéu dé tign bj ciia ban & trang 308-309. S6 tir mdi phit: [Bait kiem tra 1: Mite do tiép thu 'Véi mdi cau héi, hay khoanh trdn “Puing”, “Sai” hofc dinh du ciu tri 161 diing j. 80% cac cong ty hing déu ciia Anh c6 sy diu tu di ké vé thdi gian va tién bac cho vige dio tao. Di Nhumg d6i Olympic Quoc gia dang dinh dén: 309 thei gian | tinh thin tich cue, séc bén tim IY va kh’ ning ting n tap ciia ho cho vige phat trién tran; tung. Nguoi diu tien git chic Bo trudng Tri tue 1a: Tigh si Marion Diamond Tién si Luis Alberto Machado €. Dominic O'Brien Plato XWhly s6 chi yeu 1a chic ning ciia vé nio t Che thién tai cia thé gidi nhu Einstein, Newton. Cézanne va Mozart da thinh cong chink la nhé bict ket hop: a. 86 voi logic b, tt voi phan tich © mau sic véi nhip diéu 4 phan tich véi tri tuemg tumKhi tg dung So 46 Tu duy, ban: bi quén di la: 24 gid sau budi hoc, ty 1é théng tin thir mot hinh anh & trung tam ; 60! mét tt & trung tar 16n dit mét tir va mot hinh anh 6 trung tim Ding nhung ky thuat méi vé doc sigu téc va doc mép Pee met bo ndoibinh thudng. s6.te bap nid Ia rong, ban sé c6 kha nang dat cic tée 46 binh thudng méi vugt xa mite tir mdi phit "00 t¥ 1 1,000,000 10,000 tir méi phuit 100.000 tir mdi phiit 3. Cudi cing, méy tinh Cray gin nhw twong duong voi bo ndo vé kha ning tinh toan téng quit Pring/Sa Hai tip doin thinh Ip cic don vj dc nhigém cung cip ttl {, Méi diy, tién si Marion Diamond xée quyét ring: kh nhtng bd nio binh thudng, ning dng va khée man thae dé tigp thu noi dung ti sich Ta 6 chimg 06 nao cho thay té bio nao trong 3M va Coca Col: Digital va Nabis bj mat di theo tudi téc Nabisco va Microsoft 3M va ICL khong 6 chtmg cé nio cho thay té bao nao bi mat di theo tudi tac & bit kj b6 nado nao Cée ky thut hé try tri nhé duge phat minh béii Fee eh citing ob ndo cho thy bio nfo bi ms dt gin ‘ theo tudi tic trong cic bd nao c6 d6 tudi duvi 40 gud La A d. €6 ching cé cho thy té bio nio trong cic bO nao gust Hy binh thug, ning déng va khde manh bj mit di mot Plate it theo tudi ta Sau mét budi hoc kéo dai 1 gid: VE mat théng ke, vigc dio tgo 06 thé nang cao moi hoat dong tri tue mot cich dn dinh va cd § ng kha ning nbé lai thang nguyén mite co Nguoi cé 46 tudi cao tie kha nang nhé lai thong tin giim nhe 60 ha nang nhé h in giam nhan! b. 70 ©. 80 d. 90Déi chidu cde cau tra 161 cia ban véi dip in 6 trang 305. 46, chia diém s6 dat duge cho 15 réi nhan véi 100 dé tir miie 4 tigp thu ciia ban theo ty Ie phin trim Diém vé mae 46 tiép thu trén 15 Bay gid, dién diém cia ban vio hai Biéu dé tién b6 & tr 308-309. Ban da lam nhu thé nao? Sau khi hoan tit Bai ne hiém tra iu tién cia minh, ban sé nén ting dé tir 46 nang cao len mét cach 1di yéu. Nw mud xéc dinh vj tri cia ban trong méi tuong quan véi ngudi khip thé gidi, hay xem bing bén dui dé biét cde mie te doc va mae d9 tiép thu, ti kém cho dén ngin-ngud mot-ngudi. Bing nay cling cé thé gitip ban chinh Iai mue ti sau khi dgc lan lugt nhiing phin trong sich, yy 86 ligu théng ke khdc khé thi vi vé cic t6e d doc, xép te a tuong img véi trinh 46 hoc vin (xem hink I trang 41). Neudi doc Téc do tmp Mic do 1. Kém 10-100 30-50% 2. Trung binh 200-240 50-70% Cé higu qui tuong doi 400 70-80% Trim ngudi mdi cé mgt 800-1.000 80+% Nein ngudi méi cd mot 1,000+ Te 46 doc ting theo trinh 46 hoc van khong cach doc tét hon ma don thuin chi 1a do. nhigu thong tin hon trong khoing théi gian co hep. Néi ci khic, dong coli yéu td ah, Ta c6 t chimg 6: @iée may Khi khio sit nhimg ngudi truvmg thinh. Sau khi Inging hoc 6 truing, ho thirng quay tri lai t6e do doc & trinh &6 trung hoc co 9, chit yéu vi dong co da sit giim va f le Khng con nia. Trung bink, Iuomg thong tin doc cia ho piam xudng chi con m@t cudin sich mdi nim Khic y6i cic Adi tung nghién ci néi trén, khi tigp thu hing thong tin trong sich nay, ban s® khong roi tré Iai cdc cp dp tha trude day ciia minh — thay vio a6, ban i ‘vi ning cao bat kj cap 49 nio ma ban di dat durgcTom tat » Téc &6 doc hign nay cia ban la: + Mic a6 tip thu hién nay ctia ban Ia: aH _ sot * Cong thc tinh tmp li a 46 doc 06 mite tir] dén 1,000+ ti mdi phiit. Tée d6 doc trung binh 18 200-220 tirmdi phiit, Nhiing nguéi 6 hoc van cao thuvng doc nhanh hon viho bi 4p luc vé théi gian va e6 déng co lén hom, khéng phii vi biét cach doc higu qua hon, Moi ngudi (ké ci ban) déu 06 thé nang cao tée 6 dt mute 46 tiép thu cia minh, Mic idptha Ok 20% OH ees, adel ip thu 50% (Aa ng dpe) inh 2. ©sbrg cong ne hit mic 5 tip thu kh oe ahanh a ca 5 ngud doc Nhiimg viéc can thyc hién 1, Nhé ditn téc 46 doc va mite 46 tiép thu cla ban yao Biéu dé tién b6 & trang 308-309. 2. Kiém tra nhat ky dé biét phién doc nhanh tiép theo ban [a khi nao. 3. Ting dong co cia ban — dong co tang thi tc 46 ting, Lut nhanh qua cfc chi diém ctia chuemg 2 truse kh Tiép néi Sau khi da doe xong phan gi¢i thieu, ban hay lat qua ede trang ich va hoin chinh Bai rv kigm ra thi nhét. Phdn tip theo la ng quan vé lich sit doe nhanh, sé cip nhgt cho ban nhing thing fin ve oy phat trign méi nhdt trong link vue nay nhim gidp ban chun bi cho bude nhay du tign cia minhLich stt aia doc nhanh Cha diém Tinh trang bing né thong tin Ban 48 duge day doc nh thé ndo? Su phat tridn iia doc nhanh Nhimg ngui dang gitt ky luc thé gidi Tiém nang doc nhanh cia ban Tom tat Ning viéc can thye hién Cuée tim kiém céc bi quyét doc nhanh da dan ching 1a de cdu trd loi déng kink ngac: bi quyét nam 6 ndo chit Rho phai mat. Chung nay mieu td tinh trang bing né thong tin trong thd gin diy, khdm phé efc phuomg php ngui ta d8 day ban doy cho ban nghe cfu chuyén Ij thi vé sf phat trién cia doe mh gidi thigu voi ban nhitng ngubi hign dang git ky Iue thé git tie db doc phi thudng cia ho, va Khao sét tiém ning ea trong vige tham gia vao di ngi nbitng nguti ni ag bung n6 thng tin MTrong ning nim gin diy, khoi lng sich bio xuit bin & Ge nue di dat dn mite gin nhw khong quin ly néi, Hon Ini, doi voi nbiéu ngudi, sy'ra Adi cia may vi tinh va may fax i tao them hang mii thong tin cin phai doc (Cach day vai thap nién, mot ngudi binh thudng cé thé ludt i thoai mai tren cic déng song thong tin, Nhumg gid day, cic dng song a6 da tro thanh nhing dng théc cudn cudn 6 guy co nh chim ching ta Bay gid, ching ta hay khao sit cich ngudi ta da day ban doe, lich sit phat trién cia dgc nhanh, va tiém ning cia ban trong vigc dé ding “vuot théc”! Ban da duce day doc nhu thé nao? Ban 6 nho- phuong phap ma minh da duc day khong? Dé la Phuong phip Am, phuong phip Nhin-N6i, hay két hop ci hai? Phuong phap Am Phuong phip Am trudc hét gitip tré lim quen véi bang miu turthong thug tir a dén z, sau dé Bi am cla méi miu tu sao ¢ho *s" tre thinh “ah”, “b* tré thinh “buh”, v.v. Rdi tré dug a6 thiéu cic miu ty va am trong ngif cinh cia tt. Nhu vay, the cat” (con méo) iu tién sé duge doc la “tuh-heh-ch BMahetuh (chit khong phai “see-aye-tee”, v.v.) cho aén hic ido Mm win nin duge cach tré doc ding tt nay. Khi hoc Se ch phat am ding (gc ding), tré duge yeu edu doc ® Gisi doan cudi nay thuring rat mat théi gian; nhiéu tré, Shi ca ngudi lin, di khong thé nio vugt qua duge giai Mp miy moi trong khi doc, Nhing ngudi vit quaduuge giai doan néi trén cb thé vin cdn doc cho chink nghe. Nghia la, khi doc, ho chi déng nhin t tt. Cich doc nhu vay got la doe thdm Phuong phép Nhin-Noi Phuomg phip day tré doc theo cich nhin-néi ca hoje cau dp bing I6i néi. Tré duoc cho xem mét bite tra (vi dy, trank con ba) cé tit goi ten di tung la “con bo” i. Sau 46, gido vién yeu cau tré noi cho di vi dy “con ve sé hutng d theo. Khid trinh 46 tuong duong vai et doc, van con phit cich néi ding cho tré rdi chuy tuong d6i thinh thao, tré duge day theo phuong phip Ai thinh tigng, va duye yeu ciu phii doc thim. Thé nao 1a biét doc that su? Lic tré 06 thé nhan biét tt va doc thim, ngudi ta thudng d ing tré da hoc doc va nh vay la biét doc, Ter 5-7 tudi wed ngudi ta gin nhw khong day gi thém cho tré vi tin ring ml khi di hoc duge ky ming doc, tré chi cin sp dung, That khong cé gi sai lim hon, béi nhong diéu duge thyc ra chi la giai doan dau tien cia doc. BS mac tré #0 tinh trang nay cho in hic tring thanh ciing gidng nhu @ ring quy trinh van dong 43 hoin chinh khi mét dita bé B bo! Nghia Ia, thé gidi cia di, chay, mia va cde hoat dong quan khéc déu khong duoc khim pha. Diéu tuong ty ciing xay ra che doc. Ching ta da bi mic trén sin nha; bay gid lb Mic tip ai, chay, mda! rién cia doc nhanh anh Khi phit tr déu thé’ kj nay, khi tinh trang bing ein Tam ngs doc chong ngap tric rng thong tin Spa ho khong thé xit lf ndi véi tc &9 doc binh thudng. Tuy tohién, cic Khéa Day Doc Nhanh dau tién lai dya trén théng ‘tin ti mot nguon khé bat ng — Khéng luc Hoing gia Anh. ‘rong The chién this nbat, cic chién thust gia khong quan 4 phat hign mot digu: khi bay, nhiéw phi ob ‘bigt duge nhiing may bay & xa. Trong tink hudng sinh tit cia FRhéng chién, day ro ring li nhuoe digm chi mang; vi thé cic ‘chien thuat gia bat dau tim céch khic phuc. Ho phat trién mot Joai my 6 tén 1a may Iuyén mit, may may nhé hinh anh len min hinh Im vi nhimg khong thdi gian ngén khéc nhau. Ban iu, ho nha cic hinh may bay ban va thi kha lon véi théi gian hhign hinh rat ch4m r6i ti tir rit ngén théi gian hién hinh, déng ‘thoi giam kich thude cing nh thay déi géc nhin cia hinh anh. Ho vo cling kinh ngac khi thay ring, néu duoc tap Iuyén, mot ngudi binh thug ciing c6 thé phan biét nhtng dang may bay Khée nhau trong nhu cic d6m nhé li ti khi hinh anh cia ching ‘Guge nha lén man hinh chi trong mét phan ndm tram gidy. khong phan Voi lap luan ring néu mit c6 thé thay 6 t6c do khé tin nh ¥4y third ring cing cé thé nang tc 49 doc len mute dng ké, ho quyét dinh chuyén théng tin nay sang Tinh vye doc. Sit Gung eting loai may, thoat diu, ho nha mét tk cé kiéu chi Hon én man hinh trong nim gidy, rdi ti ti giim kich of chi M@nit ngfn thoi gian cia mdi lan nh’. Cudi cing, ho nhé bén Hilen man hinh cing hic trong thdi gian mét phin nim trim 1 88Y, vay ma cic doi tuong van c6 thé doc duge. ‘Ket qui, nhimg khéa Day Doc Nhanh déu dia vio ky Tuyen theo kiéu thé nhé hoac doc bing mit nhw vay Boi li kiéu luyen theo min hinh tinh).Tée 4 doc (tmp) Tio bo aha layin ing nhu thé ting tir mute 200 lén 400 ti méi phit. Thoat ng con $6 nay ©6 vé tuyét voi: téc 46 doc ting gip déi! Tuy nhién, khi nhin theo quan diém toan hoc thi r6 6 digu gi dé sai lim nghiém trong. Néu mit 06 kh nhan biét hinh anh (vi du: may bay hofe ti) trong théi g mét phén nam trém gidy thi téc 46 doc le ra phai 1a 60 gids 500 tit mdi gidy 30.000 tit (tuong duong voi mét cudn in) trong mdi phiit! Vay, 29.600 ti kia di dau?! GF) Trong nguyén bin, con s6 nay la 23.600, nhumg theo ching t6i 0 106 mat symmhim lin day. (ND) Khong thy duyc dim nay, nhimg ngudi day luyen doc fog mit van hién ngang tién buvc. Phuong phip cia ho during dinh gid su tin bd cia hoe vien bing mot biéu 46 Hah theo dom vi muri, t01 100 dén 400 tmp (xem hin 3a trang 48), Néa tap luyén déu dan, da so hoc vién déu cé thé ting {Ge 6 tt mic trung binh 200 tmp len mic trung binh 400 tmp. Day chinh 1a mic chénh Lech gita hoc sinh ofp Il vi nghién cau sinh, nhw da trinh bay & trang 40-41 Che hoe vién thanh céng trong phuong phip luyén doc mit trén di ké Iai tam trang khong hai long cia ho vé ig : g ig co fet qua sau vai tuin “doc véi téc a9 nghien ctu sinh”. Da 96 eu cho biét kh6ng bao liu sau khi khéa hoc ket thiic, t6¢ 46 oe ofa ho lai tut xudng mite ban diu. Mot lan nda, hign fmg vila néu rit gidng v6i tinh trang té Iai mic ci ma Agu doc trugmg thinh thudng gip (xem trang 40-41). ago g g SP Chi gin day, ngudi ta mdi bidt ring te dé doc bink thuaimg Ta Khoang 200-400 tmp va da s6 ngudi doc déu & dud mut nay. Kh’ ning doc ting cic khda luyén doc bi mit that ra hiu nhur khong lien quan gi dén viéc tap luyé ma chil yeu li do déng co cia hoc vién ting cao trong th Blan HOE va he a6 c6 khi ning vuon tdi dink cia mic doc blah thuong. C6 thé giai thich sy that bai cla phuong php may theo cach khic dua vio viée nim bit quy tic co ban cia quan Sit; dé thay ré mot od, mat phdi chuyén déng trong namg Quan Vii vat ma né dang thay 40 nim qua Mic di news ; a ee ta hiéu may luyén mit khong mang Jai phuong Bip fiat cho doc nhanh nhung ky thuat niy cing tré nén ich nhu mor phan h e a quy trinh dao tao co banVao nhing nim 1960, nhiéu nha nghién clu — trong 6. ca nha nghién ctu ngudi My Evelyn Wood ~ di bude daw hign ring, néu luyén tap ating cich, mit o6 Khi ning chi dong nhanh hon va duy tri muc do tiép thu tén 400 ti phiit. Trong dgc nhanh, gidi han ndy cing gidng nhwr ay mét dim trong bén phiit trude day cla mon dién kinh. Sau d6, “cac trung phii doc ning dong” Khic nhau ra va tée d6 trung binh déi v6i mét ngudi doc nhanh higu qual dau cham mac Gidi han Phi thueng tiép theo — 1.000 tir phiit Nhigu cau chuyén vé thinh tich doc nhanh cia nhimg vat néi tigng, nhu Téng théng My John F. Kennedy 4 thich céc trudmg phai doc ning dng phat trién voi nhiéw thé. Cé thé ké dén trudng phai doc chyp anh, 1a trudmg dvi trong dén khi ning “chyp nh” nhimg ving chet lon mute binh thug cla mit Tién vao thé ky 21 ~ Doc bing, by ie Sach Day Boc Nhanh mang dén mot ahi Diem Nh4N diy sinh eich mang: king phi mit ma gid vai trd chi yéu khi doe. Nhan thie di phip hoan toin méi 6 linh vye nay bigt tren da dat nén ting cho mot phi Trong Stich Day Doc Nhanh, ban sé lim quen véi bi tap phit trign céc ky ning cia mit vi nao. Diéw ng thanh cong cy dé 68} jong vé mat tri thie ip ban cé khi ning ket hop tré thinh mot ngudi n [Ning nguot dang gitt ky luc thé gioi G gai doan niy, te 40 doc cia nhimg ngudi ban sép “gip’ ip fe sé lam ban sting 50 va hon toin khor thé dat dude INbumg ki doc xong Sach Day Doc Nhanh, ban sé khao khat 6 duge cic kj lye nhur ho! Nang bai kiém tra dgc nharh chi yéu dua vio vige doc gia phai doc tron mét cub tidu thigét i thuyét trinh trude nhimg ngudi da tigu thuyét 44. Bai thuyét trinh phai bao gom ie nhign xét rink mach vé nhGng Khia canh quan trong sau inhan vat, béi cinh, bé cuc, trict lf, biéu tong, cap 49 ngdn ei, phong cich vin chong, én dy, chi dé va hoan canh lich SF, Dunit day 1A mudi ngudi dig dau (Top Ten) hign nay vé doe mhanh cia thé gidi 1. Sean Adam My 3.850 Kjetill Gunnarson Na Uy 3,050 Vanda North Anh 3,000 . Cris van Aken HA Lan 2.520 Mithymna Corke Ha Lan 2.100 . Luc van Hol Ha Lan 1,906 Michael J. Gelb My 1.805 Cinnamon Adam Mg 1.782 9. James Longworth Anh 1.750 10. Frank van der Poll Ha Lan 1,560 oo img vio hing nga ciia nhém dgc nhanh néi trén hay ge ky sich niy, thye hinh tit cd ete bai tap aa tha: hién, gia hip Cau Igc bg Nao bé 6 tren 816%, g6i cho chi SH Ban, va di nhien la phai tham gia Gidi Vo dich Doc i téc 4 doe nhanh nhat hi¢nnhanh Quéc té duge té chite hang nim (dé biét tin, xin lin hé véi cdc Tru Tidm Hang doc nhanh cia ban Tiém ning nang tc 46 doc ca ban len ft nhét hien thai, i cling dat mic 1.000 tmp, Ii véi tiém ning cla tit cd nhing ngudi hign dang g Top Ten ciia thé gidi Cang gidng nhu ban va téi, méi ngudi trong nhém Ty Ten neu trén déu la nhimg dc gii hic ddu khOng hii long téc 46 doc binh thudng cia minh nén da quyét dinh dau thoi gian, cong site aé phat trién ky ning thinh thao nhit con ngudi. Séch Day Doc Nhanh si ang én cho ban eo! tuyét voi dé di theo con dung cita ho! Tom tat |. Hai phuomg php chinh day tré doc 1a phuong phip. va Nhin-Néi Cac phuong phap nay chi day ching ta giai doan dw vige doc. 3. Boe nhanh bit déu bing vige phit trign nhung bat cam nan t6c 46 ciia Khong lye Hoang gia. Cac phi phip luyén doc bing mit dé 06 thé gitip ngudi ta gip doi te 46 doc ciia minh, nhung két qua th quay vé lai véi téc do ban dau sau vai tuan, Céc tring phii doc ning dong da vuot mite 400 tit phiit Hign nay, ching ta biét chinh 66 nao méi that sit khién vige doc. Go Nhhtmg ngwsi doc nim trong nhém Top Ten cia thé gidi F Tog we da doc tt 1,560 Aén 3.850 ti mdi phi. © itm ning ning cao t6c 4 doc cia ban hodn toin gidhg ah ho! Whig vide cin thuc hien } On nhanh toin bé théng tin ban da doc duge trong Sach Day oc Nhanh cho dén thdi diém hign tai trong théi gian dui 5 phut. > Xem lai cic myc tiéu doc nhanh ciia ban, c6 thé ban phai thay d6i ching theo ndi dung da doc trong chuemg nay 3, Xem mhat ky dé biét thdi gian ciia phién age nhanh tigp theo. 4 Dinh mot phéit doc trade chi diém cia chuong tip theo. Tiép néi Sad khi da xic lip céc thing sf dnh gid téc d@ doc ola minh va itn Gien VGi lich sit doe nhanh, bay gid, ban chun bj ii inh nghia vé mot linh vue ma ban sdp tré thinh chuyén gia.Doc - Mot dinh nghia mdi Ban hay tyr héi doc la gi réi viet dinh nghia dé vio déng sin sau day Bay gid, so sinh dinh ngbia cia ban véi cic dink Jung nhu “doc 1a hiéu duge digu tic gia mud ‘doc la tigp thu ngon ty", hoe “doc la tiép thu nhomg tin duge in ra gidly MMai dinh nghia tréx’chi bao quét mt phin cia quy trinh chinh xéc phai bao gdm tit cd cic ky ming Mot dinh 1 doe (Doe — Dinh nghia moi Doe that sila mot quy trinh bay phin gdm nhing bude sav { » Nhén biét Kien thite ctia ban vé hé thong ky ty. Bude nay dién ra ngay truwe khi viéc doc bit dau. 2 © Hap thu Quy trink vit ly ma qua 46 nh sing phin chiéu tt cher duye Int ti¢p nan réi truyén dén nio qua thin kinh thi gidc 8 © Hgp nhat bén trong Tiong diromg vai mite 9 tip thu co ban, chi sy lién két toan BO che phin thong tin di doc véi tit cd nhimg phin thich hop Khic, 4 © Hop nhat bén ngoai (Qhy trinh lien hé moi kién thitc sin cé cia ban véi ndi dung Sang doc, ta0 cic lien ket thich hop, phan tich, phé binh, cim thy, chon loc vi loai bd 5 © Ghinhe Law trit co bin thdng tin. Da so ngudi doc déu da timg vio et Tin tra phn lim thong tin cén thie 16t hai BiG Tam bai va chi nhé lai hi 10 khéi phong thi! Nhu vay, chi Tm tro thei chia ! ai, lum trie phai kim véi nhé laiNhé lai Kha ning truy xuit thOng tin cin thiét teri nhd, Sc Dict mene vao hic can thict Boe [a mot quy trinh nhiéu cp ao. é } Méi cap do déu phai duge phat trién néu ban mun tro Truyén dat thinh ngwoi doc nhanb higu qua Cich sit dung thong tin tire théi hoc sau cling; bao gémy hoic ndi, cong thém biéu trum; m nghé thugt, khiéu vil Nig Vige edn thurc hign 1, Sip x€p biy bude trén theo thé ty, xép hang “1” cho cac hinh thie dién ti sing tao kha Truyén dat con bao gém ca chitc nang v6 cing quan th inie ma ban cim thay minh cin phat trign trude tien. 2 Tir bang ligt ke cd hing vin dé minh da mac phai va sip loai ba nhung it duge nhic dén cia con ngudi: tu duy! Tu duy Ta trinh tich hop nhing gi dang dién ra ben ngodi ee ere oote euitay ae) tinh Theo dinh nghfa via néu, ob thé thy cfc van egg 3, Doe trunse cic chit diém cia phan tiép theo trong thoi gian durdi nim phi gip vé doc va hoc due néi dén in dau tién trong sieht dung Tri tué cila Ban: sie nbn mét mi ila t6e 6 biéng nhac u kién niin mie dé tip tha hin nd hai gian quan tam oe thé sf lugng phn tich kia in én Tigo néi iép néi mi trufg mung quanh ——_phé binh P ghi chi chon Ioe Che nén ming kien th hi nhd lai bé loc tigp Phan hai - 1, ta 16 chde tap tn thing ta 88 tim 5 doe ng doe lai cd dogn cling nhiing vin @é hoc tap téng quit hon duge néu ra h nay (chao; déu 06 thé duge xt ly dé dang néu a doc d& hoc cich nhan biét chit viét, hip thu, tiép thu, ghi nh, nhé lai va truyén datKiém soat ms A 2 cac chuyén déng mat cua ban de nang cao tc d6 va mic dé tiép thu DOi mat ky diéu cha b (Cha diém = Mat cia = Nguoi doc nh Bai tap 1 vé cam nt Bai ty kiém tra 2 cé * Tom tit Nhitng vige cin thuc Mrong chaong nay, chin Ming vé Gi mat cia bax ing nb thé nao khi doc Phap moi dé ning BeONTA thidi 6; quang hoc ky digu nhdt ma con BNA Thin ca nhing kink shién odn, hidn vi hién dai BE dS tim cae dai on tru va vidu ou tru. B i D dig Nay 66 thé hide duce; BOM Sit dune chiing nh chat ctia 0d mét khi da hiéu, ban co Gm mang lai Igi ich v6 ciimg toull 80) Sich Day Noe Nhanh may coreg mit cis ban OF fa sau dau. Thio nio chiing ta hay miéu ti nhing Ge quan sat 1a c6 mat sau dau! MBit chin 190 tru dm vi thu én : Di’m MAN on vin th ob ki ning thu tht b thiy chim cia nao méi that sy thuc hign vige doc, quang ti (chim quang ning) trong méi gi di mit quanh trang gidy dé tim thong tin ma nao tam. Kién thie nay da hinh thinh nén tang cho mot s phip day tinh cach mang vé doc nhanh ma tdi sé phan che chuxmg tip theo. due nhing su kign mdi ky digu néi trén vé doi mit, fa thiy 16 ring céc théi quen vé doc cling t6c 49 doc g chinh | sin phim ciia day sai va str dung sai. dong thoi luyén tap mit diing céch, cac chic ning chiing ta sé duge nang len ding ké. Thay d6i kich thuée déng tit Ching ta aéu bit déng ti cla mat dia chinh kich thude§ anh sing va khoang cach véi vat. Anh sing & t cing gin, kich thude cia déng tir cing CSc nha khoa hoc phuong Tay méi day cén phat hi thie cia déng tir thay d6i theo cim otc: néu ban ; tugng ma minh dic biét quan tim (vi dy mOt ngudi kha it su doe mhu thé nao? hap din), kich thude déng tir ciia ban sé tw dong ting Ie thay adi ay tuy rat nhd nhumg van 6 thé thay duge ni sit ky. Nhtmg nha buon ngoc bich & Trung Quéc @a biet nay tirlau. Khi dua ngoc cho khich xem, ho chi ¥ that mit ala khich. Néu thy déng tir khich ting kich d biét ngay la khich da “cfn cau” va sé dua ra mite gié thi Ta: mit thue hign cde “buse nhay” nh va kha déu. hay niy dua mat tir quang ngimg nay én quang va thudmg nhiéu hon mat tix trong méi lan. Néi ft hon toin khong lust déu trén trang giay ma theo ting bude nhay nhé ti tréi qua phai, ngim: f ‘tigp nhan mét hoac hai tir trude khi tiép tuc trinh (xem hinh 4a, trang 64). La nguoi doc nhanh, néu chit ¥ diéu gi dé, déng 8 ban sé gian né dé thu thém anh sing. Néi cich khée, b quan tam, b@ nao sé vén bite man phia sau doi mit é chinh nao (va ban!) tiép nhan them de ligu trong. mi khéng cdn gdng stic. g Khi mit chuyén dich va ngimg, chuyén dich vi Gich vita néu thi thong tin duge tiép thu chi trong . Nhing quing ngimg nay chiém phin lim [mdi quing thuimg dai tir 0,25 dén 1,5 giay nén Khic nang cao téc 6 doc cia ban bing cich giam ging nging. ang 65 thé hien chuyén dgng mit cia mot ngudi Doi mat 4 phia sau déu ban Nhimg hinh anh v6 cing phifc tap do céc dom vj thu 6 yong mgc gidi ma dugc truyén di theo thin kinh th (xem bang I) d&n ving thi gidc cia no — thiy chim. B ling 1a thiy chém khéng nim ngay sau 46i mat cia by fi nay C6 s6 guéng ngimg gap adi mic can Nhimg quing ngimg thin duge tao ra do Bi.ngudi doc kém thudng doc lai cic tix, déi khi dén ba d chic chin hiéu ding nghia, ‘Théi quen doc lai ti (quay t nhimg tir d& doc gin nhur Ib mgt théi quen) va doe m ‘chit dong quay lai cde tir mi ho cm thay da bé sét hofel sai) khign ngudi doc kém tgo ra nhiéu quang ngimg tikes én ctu cho théy trong 80% trudng hop, Khi Ie duye phép doc lai cic tir hofc doc nguye Iai, ngudi doe nhan thay ring mit cia ho thuc sy tiép thu va hiéw@ 0. Neue) nhanh rat hiém khi sa vio cic ch Ip lai dur thika ay, thong tin da doc khi doc nhimg cum tt tig chinh li nguyén nhin khign t6c dé cla ngudi doc chamig di rat nhiéu. Néu méi ddng chi mat hai lin doc lai cdc tit doc ngugc Iai — va méi lin nhu thé mat khoang 1 giay trén mét trang trung binh o6 40 ding sé phi pham J pl gidy. Nhur vay, voi cuén sich day 300 trang, binh quant 1 phuit 20 gidy x 300 trang = 400 phiit = 6 gid 40 phit B pham thém cho viée doc (va khéng hiéu)! ‘Mat ban phan biét duge khoing trén so ts te Diem nhan pin knic shaw / git doc nhanh Finke tang 65 cho théy ng doc nhank hay doc tt, ngodi Fee khong doc lai céc tt hoc doc nguge Iai, con cd nhimg pote nhiy dai hon, Trong méi quing nging, ngwti doe t6t fang tgp thu Khong chi mot tie ma 1b ba, bén Néu ching ta tam cho rng cc quang ngimg dai nhunhau, Higa dinh thoi gian tra hing ta sé thy mOt hinh anh thi vi. Trén mgt dang binh pinh cho méi quang 1a nita giay, thi thing gm 12 tir mdi dng, ngudi doc kém — do phii tiép thu ting tir trong méi quang ngimg va doc Iai cic ti hoge doc give li hai lin — se mit 2+ + 4 4 ht hee ot Wewte+ e+ *+ e+ hanh — do tiép thu ba hay bén tir trong mdi quang ngimg va Hhong doc Tai cic tit hode doe nguyc lai — chi mit 2+ 4+ % +'8= 2 giay 7 giay; con ngwii doc Chi nho mot diéu chinh nhé trong tim nhin cla mit mi HAgwoi doe mhanh cd kha ning doc nhiéu hon va nhanh hon gui doc cham dén 350%! Mie 49 tigp thu Ban lén ting: Khoan da, ngudi ta ludn bio t6i ring mudn Hep thi tot phai doc “cham va ky”. Ting téc 6 chée chin se Mam gidm mise 6 tiép thu ciia ti? BiG may nghe 06 1, nhumg chi cin tim hiéu thay day 1a quan niém sai kim, Ngiy cing od nhiéu nghién m ching minh ring ban doc cang nhanh thi cang tiép thu t chit, ta EKG ta, ban hay doc cau sau dking theo cich trinh BPS, tie thu “cham, ky” var im dén mite 9 tiép thaill 4 Sieh Day Boe Nha Speed read ing has be en found to be bet ter for: Dee il ede tithote doe mguge ll stand ing than slow read ing. (Nguéi ta da phat nhanh giip hiéu nghia tot hon doc chém.) Rat kh6? Duong nhién! Vi nao cia ban khong duge é dé doc véi téc 46 cham kinh hoing nhu thé. Doc chi Kkhién nao doc ngiy cing cham hon, mite 46 tip thu cing kém di, cén su khé chiu ngiy cing ting lén, Bay gid, xem cau tiép theo, lin nay ban hay-doe ty ctu sng rt cia rt ngudd oc Kir, Xe rang 61-62, theo diing cach phan nhém: It has been discovered that the human brain (Ce euaing nging help of its eyes takes in information far mo when the information is conveniently grouped in ingful bundles, (Ngudi ta khdm phd ra ring vdi sie cila mds, b6 ndo con nguiii 6 thé tiép thu théng tin hon nhiéu néu thong tin dy duage xép gon thank nhiong Sabet eer Nhilng cum ti tiép thu due By Oting mit cia met rgd doc 26t. Nem rang 63, nghia.) Nao ciia ban lam viéc thoai mai hon véi téc 46 400. len (that If thi’ néu bigt ring khi hiw hét moi ngudi é fig thu ting lai giép ban nhé t6t hon vi tri nhé Khi ning sip xép thong tin theo timg cum cé thit sw li 400 tmp hoic hon). : vige dau tien cia ban li c6 ging bé cac thdi doe lai cic ti, doc nguge lai va tiép thu qua it quing ngimg. Tosi bé nhing théi quen xu trén, con oé mét thit tu dé ting t6c 46 cia ban. Néu théi gian hg clla ban thong thudng Ii 1 giay va ba On niéa giay (chuyén ndy that dé dang, hay a ban c6 the tigp thu théng tin véi tée 6 mot UBldy) thi ban sé cé thé ting gp d6i t6e a6 doc Nhu vay, ting tc d6 ty dong dan dén ting mite @ thu. Dé 1d do théng tin duge sip xép thinh ting @ ngbia khién nio cila ban hiéu ngay. Hink 44, 5 8 oi py inc be ca mt tv de. Xem rang 61.‘Vi céch hoat dng nhip nhang, céc sig a = thu anh sing cia ban c6 thé gidi mA mbty Di@M NhAN chita hang «9 thing tin vi 45 chinh xe cd anh chup trong thii gian duadi mot gi Bai tap 1 vé cam nhan Bai tap tiép theo nhim gitip ban tao cc quing nging hon va tiép thu dugc nhidu thong tin hon qua mi “ny giic”, Nhé thé, ban ciing nhu ting dong 6 dé loai bé viée doc lai cic tir va doc nguyc lai, Biéu kich thich ban chi nhin thoang mot cai khi doc 1a ti duc nhiéu hon. Diy |i bai t3p dinh cho nhiing ai thuan tay tréi hoa Hay ding mot tim thé dé che cic s6 lai. Cho mat thay sé trong théi gian cang ngdn cang ii, khong lau hon chép mat, Khi thé via duge lay di la phai che lai ngay lap Sau a6, 6 dién ding con s6 ma ban vita thiy ¥ trdng cho sin, r6i kiém tra xem ban ding hay sai. Thi tuong tu vdi nhimg sé tip theo, tir odt nay sang 606 cho dén khi da dién hét s6 vio cic trang gidy. Ban cing lim, bai tap cing khé hon, vi sO’ chit s6' trong, ting din, Néu dgn duoc nhing s6 gdm siu chit $0 6) cuéi ma ft bi sai thi ban da lam bai tap nay rit tot. Nhé thu hank, ban s& thay minh cd thé dién ede su chit 6 chi trong chép mat; diéu nay sé lim ban 8 é tigp thu mét hic hai hofc hon hai tw khi doc. Ning day via dii dé vi du vé méi nhém s6, cho phép mati ban lam quen véi ep 4 thip réi méi chuyén sang e@p hon,14733 38657 63644 30080 17533 16843 93867 84611 12548. 62938. 47250 52952 07650. 29332 345783 201896 456782 569832 387513 984764 298436 090769 954137 386280 619474 219575 487615 764973 114874 576330 657894 349715 496511 392588 49763 95079 91637 26091 M4161 08222 49653 42983, 60258 46104 62969. 987104 916846 376520 238 452876 045018, 112785 234743, 564220 887632 876926 031410. 517195 376490. 438753, 875316 219564 376982 085377 387520, 978564 103866, 9843 69103 041673 643192 638726 234191 on 167936. 432615 816155 764130 (084503 278402 1» BO1019 342988 865014 987655 763839 965411 356794 on 763297 090808, 578392 578343 013677, 284680 998577 334877 876653, 189568. 987564 958747. 836753 001579 378696 276460) 1.287655, 765844 BBSY B80, chuyén sang Bai tu k “Aung tt hang oi 116794 436795 998665, 654732 284938 563982 876944 932548 478902 343790 037686 258765 423699 175894 5387. 443245 105790 85 664893, 356543 467558 465379. 556794 567833 139696. 354673 801568 9684) tra 2 - Nghé thudt. Hay 4p ig gi dx hoc trong chuong nay, logi bo thdi Ben Boe Nai cic tt va doc nguyc Iai, mat it th hoi gian hon cho gig, Ang thdi tiep thu nhing cum ti lim hom BIO Khi bit du doc va ngimg ngay Khi via docQuy tée cong mot Quy tHe cng mot don giin nhu sau; bit ky khi no b .¢ doe nhanh 6 nhanh nhat trade diy ciia ban ft nhit mot ti mei gl Phuong phé 6, va ban thing s@ nhjn thay minh ting duge mui hom muri ti méi phuit; nhé vay, ban cé thé vuyt chi teh nh cho ban sy cing thing Khéng cach dé ding. Diéu 46 khién ban ty tin hon, déng nhanh hon va higu qui hon. O Bai tu kiém tra duds day va nhimg Bai te kiém theo, ban hay tur dit cho minh Quy tée céng mudi, ting muni ti mdi phiit Bai ty kié gido Mé dau tra 2; Nghé thuat — Tir Ban so dén iia b6 no ngudi, Ti khi e6 lich st, ¢ 9, tu duy da tham gia vio mét tro tich, dig dat tinh té, phir tap nhat ma con ngudi cb dung. Theo quan diém cia ti, céc phan sau sé trinh théi ky ly thi nhat trong lich str nghé thuat Ngh@ thugt Ban so Tit cd cic nginh nghé thuat déu o6 6 mién bic Tay B 4 mién nam nude Phip v lam ngudi ta phai kinh nggc truvc site hip din la thudng ching, Nhiéu kigt tic 43 ra di tt khoing 10,000 trude Céng nguyén. Diém pire anh hoje bin vé phic'lai cic kigt tac nay 1a cach Boast chon va nhin manh cic dic diém chinh cla mit, bo rimg, huou, lon loi, ngva leon vit — voi ma-m gin thie cla hoa si vé gi phiu dong vat va ky mi eee tinh Ki vin cdc cing chuyén déng manh me cia iuing mi chi st cng mot ft dit son den vi ds Hing nga 6 I6i sng tong ty & gai doan mai sau miy i tranh va hinh ve gidng vay. Theo cich néu trén, thd Sdn chau Phi da de Iai trong cic hang di ning hinh ve d¢ Sabeting dep nbu tic phim cia cic hoa si chau Au dau tién va Hing vé phong cich, di mot s6 chi méi doe ve vio thé kj 19. Trong giai oan vin minh tiép theo, vigc sin bit tré nén He quan trong hon vi adi song xa hoi da 6 hinh thai r6 ra thom, Cong cy bing di, bing dng due hoin thign, ng! Si dét thinh hinh. Song song véi sy phat trién non Ibhidwnghi Ié va nghi thire cing t€ ra ddi. Xa hoi nguyé diem hinh ma cho dén nay van cn tén tai G mot vai noi, nhu Polynesia, duc thé hien kha bao quit trong nghé thuat véi Tn gue so Khai ciia nd. So véi hOi hoa, tac va diéu khéc idol trong hon: timmg thin ba chiéu dune cho Ii an tung Mon trong viec pho bay nhimg quyén ning ma ngudi ta tin HAgGD tac dng dén Aoi song nguyén thiy. Tranh ve cing Fanbido boa tré thinh mot loat cic dau higu va ky hieu. Dia Trung Hai thei cé NEA tranh 46 hoa trong thé gidi Dja Trung Hai thei BPS wRS. Thir nhzt la nghe thuat vé tranh tren tumg, BEETS rang va miu ming, khi gidng véi ky thuat Be oa si bich chuomg hién dai, Nguoi Ai Cap 08 mB Mghe thust nay aé trang tri ngoai that cho cic dén ham néi sic sio tao thinh tng thé phi Pe sang. Phan ln tranh Ai Cap cdn tén tai qua théigian déu du miéu ta thé gidi cia ngudi da Khust, Hoa si thing mot s6 quy ude nghé thuat. Vi du, nam dine ve bing di miu dé, ni duge ve bing miu ving; ddu va chan hu bin dign cho da efe phan khéc cia co thé di nia, Nhimg hoa si ds thé hign dc quan sit rat tinh t che canh yén tigc, khiéu va hay cau cf, bay chim dog Nile. Tranh ve trén turing ca ngudi Minoan xtt Cy duge phét hign trong lau dai Knossos cing gidng ¥ ila ngudi Ai Cap vé do sing, t6i va dudg nét dit Kh ching hoan toin mang tinh thé tuc. G quy mé nhd, 46 gém c6 hoa tiét thoi Hy Lap Bll vi dy khic cho cée truyén théng nghé thugt mi duge ve miu ti, ngudi no duge ve miu sing; va dug ng vai trd quan trong, Cac nghién cttu cho thay si Hy Lap tai hoa chuyén vé tren binh (thuemg kj tach hay trén binh do ho ve) cé kh ning cim nbn tinh té gid tri cia durimg nét va hinh béng. , vio théi Hy-La, nghé thugt vé trén binkt burie dit c6 duge nhing chimg tich du tien g mic di that ding tige 1a chiing ta vé ching Iai khng dua trén cic bite hoa g6@) bic thy tri danh 1a Zeuxis va Apelles ma trén batt bate tranh Hy Lap duge tim thiy trong khi khai quat hal pho La Ma; Pompeii va Herculaneum Nhung ré ring la nhimg hoa si Hy Lap 43 mang Iai @ thuit cia ho mét tim of va tinh chit mi ngudi AiG ngudi Minoan khéng bao gid dim mo tung dén. Tf caia ho khéng c6 sy chuyén mau nhung thé hién duge © Zeunis va Apeles i hat hon tv dst ng Hy Lap 8. (ND) 16h, Now Hy Lap di cho ra ddi nhimg tée phim sinh quan tam dén van dé tao tinh va bigu chim thong Spat mit, ct chi cia nhan vat, Céc téc pham Hy-La dure fei trong bigt thy cba tang lop thurng lum La Ma 6 thé kj Fah sau Cong nguyén i nhing vi dy vé tranh phong cin use diy chia duoc biét dén) va tinh vat thudn tay. Ching idfu cho giai doan phit trién hoi hoa sau nay 6 Y Phong thé nghiém Cerne & Thuy Si dé wie tinh phai mat 68 trigu d6 la méi tao ra duge mét 06 amy cf a tinh vi én mie kh tin nut doi mit cia ben. hé thuft thai Byzantine iF fan ra ctia Dé quéc La Ma, su thiét lap mot nude La Ma MMGl G viing Byzantium true diy (Constantinople) cing sy it hi¢n cla Co Péc gido — tin ngudmg chung cia ci Bg Tay — di mang lai cho hdi hoa mot nét mdi v Bit tink thin va muc dich. Co Dée giéo tré thinh chit dé Heie hoa 7. Mot phong cich trang trong, ma ngiy nay it den véi cai tén phong cich Byzantine, thich hop dé BMG sirnghiém trang va 1é nghi ciia dao, da bit daw phit fantinople cé nhiéu moi lién hé véi phuong Dongs an S¢ anh humg cia phuong Dong dén Binople qua viéc diing miu sic phong phii va cic dang a e Phong p 4 thanh tw chinh ciia nghé thuit tao hinh Byzantine ua d6 Khim ding dé trang tri trén tueng hay frong cic nha thé Byzantine. Nhang hinh thieén, hinh Su hoe Due Me Déng Trinh, thé hign mot q Khic o6 thé ké dén true tién 1 tranh tugng d Chita bat dich ma ty né da né use bit lén niém tin true nhu mét cia dao Co Bde; ké dén la sy minh hoa ban viet kinh Phic Am cing céc nghi thie t@ 18 bing h6i hoa va va 14, Phong cach dién t8 nhing diéu miy cting khong thay nhu phong cach vé tranh tuemg thinh Vao thé kj thir tw sau Cong nguyén, sau 1.100 nim d lip, thi 46 cia Byzantine vin simg simg, thinh vugng khéng o6 bit kj sy thay @éi ndo vé nép sinh hoat nén ni tic phim gidng nhau é nhiéu kha canh o6 th ké vé thi gian, Pham vi nghé thuit Byzantine tuong img hac nhau di pham vi anh hudng cia Dé quoc Byzantine; cic bé bién dong ving Dia Trung Hai, Hy Lap va cic dio Hy Lap. Tr chimg mye nio 44, pham vi nay cng duoc mé vé huimg nhé vio hinh trinh cia nhing nha trayén giéo va thy céng Byzantine. Phong eich cia bin viét tay Ai Nhi Lan tiéng vao thé ky 18, Book of Kells, o6 lién quan voi cac ph cich cla ving Dong Bia Trung Hai, Nhimg thanh phd ct nu Florence, Siena, Pisa déu cé truyén thong Byzantines truyén thdng nay ket th phim cia Cimabue & Florence va Duccio ¢ Siena. OB Au, bay gid 1a Croatia, cing 06 nhimg bite tranh ve tuvng néi tiéng theo phong cich Byzantine to thé kj 12 14. Cac hoa si Hy Lap phé bién tranh tugng thinh vao Nga va hoa si Nga Andrew Roublev (khoang 1360-1430) phat trién phong cich nay dat t6i dinh cao rue r6. Dén t c vio thé kj 13 bing nhing 16, Crete vin cdn la mot trung tim va truyén Byzantine vin in da (1541-1614). trong cfc hoa phim cia Fl Nghe thuat Co Déc gio thai ky déu 6 phuong Tay Di la phuong Péng hay phuomg Tay, nghé thuat Co Déc gito thoi kj dau cing thudng trinh miéu t hinh thé con ngudi theo phong cich hign thyc nhu nghé thugt Hy-La. Nhung néi hu vay khong cd nghia 1a cich miéu ti cia nghé thuat Co ée giio tho thign va thiéu s6t; nghé thuat nay mang tinh tim linh va trou tuong hon, theo nghia dogn tuyét véi céc yu 6 tran tuc. G géc a6 nay, nghe thuat Co Déc gio ngiy may dupe dinh gid tét dep hem so vei qué khit Nghé thujt Co Déc sit phic tap. Dau tién la theo truyén théng Hy-La, nhu cic hhoa phim a3 duoc tim thay trong nhamg him mé La Ma, réi bien d6i theo dic diém cic dia phuemg khi Dé quéc La Ma bi hia eit. Nhing méi lién két vé ton giéo va thuong mai véi BE quée phuomg Dong da tic dong dén nghé thujt nay Trong mot thoi gian dai, nghé thuat minh hoa theo Idi tu vién ia cic ban viet tay la hinh thire nghé thuit tao hinh chinh; vi dy nue Anh thoi C Charlemagne gido thdi ky dau & phuong Tay 6 lich tic va. Anglo-Saxon, théi dé quéc & Vay li 06 hai diém dang dan sing t6: Co Dée gito la mot 16 chit €8 tinh gido duc va théng nhit 6 chit Au; tranh la Phong tign chinh dé truyén dat thong digp cia ton gido nay Mot ich hieu qua va rong khép giita nhing ngudi cé ngdn Bat Khie nhau hoc khéng biet doc, viet. Nho thi k) xay img nh therm ro bit Adu rt the ¢ FAY mang tim quéc té vii c sy sg ‘Thin tym vi dai nhit cia phong céch via néu Ii tranh Song trong cic nha thd. Do vé trén dign tich lin nén fad Boa si di phat trign mot phong cich €k¥ 11, phong cich phuong i tén Romanesque da phat trign bi hoa r8 nét, BENE diy vé trang nghiemNegh@ thu@t Hign dai va xa hon nia Duge xem la cha dé cia Ngl Phép Cézanne a dua ngh¢ thujt tign thém mot bud Céanne lum tim én phumg phép quan sit hon 13 ndi di quan sit. Do @6, dng bit dau tim hiéu cach anh sing pl chigu ti mot vat réi duge mit/ndo ngwii tiép nhin. Or thudng quan sit vat thé va chi vé nhimg ming nh sing, mi séc ma éng thy, dn dan hinh thinh bite tranh — rit gih véi mot bite tranh dune ghép theo timg miéng — cho dén hinh anh that sy xuat hign, phai Lap thé ra ddis si khéng chi vé céc ming anh sing ma edn vé thanh hinh & nhiing gi ho nhé tit céc gée 46 khac nhau, Nhwr vay, trong ita hoa si, hinh thé mét ngudi e6 thé la kign tric hn hop, duce nhin ti moi gée dé. Theo phong cich @6, tranh cba hoa si Lap thé da tré thinh “nhing hinh anh ti tam tri” khéng chi don thudn Ia nhimg hinh anh ti thye tai Cac hoa si nhu Wassily Kandinsky va Lorraine Gill chi cdn nghién cau siu hon vé phuong phép quan sit va dung quan sit bing cich xem xét mdi quan hé gita cic sic, duéng nét, va dudng nét véi miu, G thé kj 21, ching ta cé thé ching kien sur phat trién hing ly thuyét méi trong nghé thuat 6 twong quan thiét hom v6i toin hoe, vit lf hoe ciing moi nginh khoa khic Bay gid, hay ngimg dng hé bam gic Théi lugng phat _z__Phing thi nghitm Come eing ding kh ci 16 BEM NHN “csi atin” os hoe tang dh bit ng, va 06 Kich thude gan bing mit ngéi nha. Tip theo, hay tinh t6c A} doc ciia ban theo s6 tir mdi phut (tmp) bing cich chia s6 ti trong dogn van trén (1.570 tt) cho thdi gian doc (theo phiit), Cong thite doc nhanh: sé ti S6 tir mii phi (tmp) = 1 gan Sau khi tinh xong, hay dién két qua vao vj tri tmp 6 cuéi doan nay va vio hai Bidu dé righ 66 cia ban & trang 308-309. S6 tir bi phiit: > (BADE Kiém tra 2: Mite dé tiép thu 1. Tat c& che nginh nghé thuit déu ob ngudn géc ti a. chau Phi b. théi tién sit ©. dau théi ky dé sit @) ving chau thé song Nile Theo kigh thife cia chiing ta hign nay, nhimg ‘nghé thuat diu tién aa ra doi ti khoing: nim 100.000 dén ni 50.000 true Cé im 50,000 dén nim 40.000 trude Cong nguyen nim 40.000 dén nim 10.000 trude Cony uyen Aim 10.000 dén nam 5,000 trade Cong nguyénKhac véi nhtmg ngudi sing trong hang dng, thé d nghé thuit théi Byzantine, Cor Bc gido 1a chii dé chau Phi khong may quan tim dén dng vat. Diing/§ mS _ chinh iing/Sai Qua nghé thuit, xa hoi nguyén thiy dién hinh thé hi Nhing thinh tyu chinh cia nghé thugt tg hinh Byzantine méi quan tam chit yé duge thé hién qua: dé kham hoi hoa sin bat thim enone 4d, che miéu ta vé chign thing cita Dé quéc Byzantine Tranh vé trén tung thai oé Dja Trung Hai cé dc digg Tranh tuyng thinh li mét quy use bat di bit dich trong Sn Te nghe thuat Byzantine Pring/S: dudng nét tinh té va miu mat ‘Trung phai nghé thuat Byzantine kéo dai khong: 10 nim 500 nin 000 ni dudng nét ré ring va miu sfc tuvi sing ux nét r6 rn g va mau ming ‘Trong cic tranh vé dugc tim thay trén vich ham mé @ ngudi Ai Cip, nt thudng duye vé bis ™ dat son dd Nghe thugt Co Déc gido thoi kj dtu: a. da sao chép nghé thuat Hy-La d. miu dé j, thurng trinh miu ti hinh thé con ngudi theo phong di h hink cao sy thé hign hinh thé con ngwdi Chimg tich dau tién cia ching ta vé tranh theo ng hign dai dya trén; d. khong quan tam én hinh thé con ngudi cic bite hoa géc cia Zeuxis va Apelles nhing hoa si Hy Lap tai hoa chuyén vé trén binh T- Cha dé cia Nghé thuat Hien dai 1a: bin sao cdc bite tranh Hy Lap duge tim thay & Duccic thinh pho’ La Ma: Pompeii vi Herculaneum b. El Gree thoi Phuc Hung & ¥ Cézanne A. Picassc Céc vi dy dau tién vé tranh phong cinh dugc tim thay Bi chiéu cic cau tra ldi cia “4 Ghia diém so dat duge cho 14 réi n awe 9 tig thu cia ban khi khai quit nhdng thinh phé cia Hy La ban véi dap an é trang 305. Sau ng cac ngdi m6 Ai Cap an yéi 100 4é tinh trong biét thy cla ting lép thuyng lu La Ma theo tf Ie phan tram trong tic phim cia ngudi Minoanhie nil ehtig weet gee trong bene ong 9, Trong nghé thuat thai Byzantine, Co Die giéo Ia chi dé a Dung, E j chinh Biing/Sa chiu Phi khéng may quan tim dén dn Qua nghé thudt, xa hoi nguyén thy dién hinh thé hi jo, Nhing thinh tyu chink cia nghé thuat tao hinh Byzantine due thé hién qua: méi quan tim chil yeu dén: hoi hoa sin bit cdc logi binh hién tranh ; cic miéu ta vé chién thing eda Dé quéc Byzantine Tranh vé trén tung thoi cd Bia Trung Hii od a : ie ‘ 2 . Tranh tuyng thinh li mot quy whe bat di bét dich trong iudmg nét tinh té va man sic tuoi sing g y ig nghé thuat Byzantine Pring/S: during nét tinh té va mau ming during nét r6 ring vi mau se tuvi sing Trurmg phi nghé thuit Byzantine kéo dai khoang: nét rd ring vi miu mang 110 nam i 500 nam Trong cic tranh vé duge tim thay trén vach him mé 4 2 1,000 nim ngudi Ai Cap, ni thudng duye vé bing gudi Ai Cép, ni thing ing 0 dit son dé mau ving Nghe thuat Co Dé giéo thai ky du: miu nau a sa0 chép nghé thugt Hy-La miu dé thing trinh miéu ti hinh thé con nguii theo phong Ching tich diu tien cia ching ta vé tranh theo ngk ot ttn the é cao sy thé hien hinh thé con ngudi hign dai dua trén h hinh th cfc bis hia pbc cia Zeuxis va Apelles d. khong quan tam dén hinh thé con ngudi a Cha dé cila Nghe thuat Hien dai li 2a si Hy Lap tai hoa chuyén vé trén binh bin sao cic bite tranh Hy Lap durge tim thy & Duccic thinh phd La Ma: Pompeii va Herculaneur HGr thoi Phuc Hung 6 Y een Picassc Cac vi dy dau tién vé tranh phong cinh duge tim thay , Bei 1 chigu cic Cau tra 161 clia ban véi dap an & 8, Ghia digm 6 a khi khai quat nhimg thanh phd ctia Hy Lap dossen rong che ngéi m6 Ai Cap : t due cho 14 réi nhan véi 100 dé tinh nt $99 fie thu cia ban theo ty lé phan trim thy cia ting lp thuyng lw La Ma rong tac pham ciia ngudi Minoanpigm vé mite 46 tiép thu Néi tiép ‘m cia ban vao hai Bidu dé tién b6 6 tra Bay gid, dién di 308-309. ‘Tom tat M dén 1,5 giay The Khi tip tue, ban clin tao mit mitra doe kich thich ban doc theo nhimg quing ngimg vao kh 48 cia chuimg tiép Ngudi doc cham ti thu trung binh mot tt moi ngimg Nowdi doc nhanh trung binh tip thu ba dén nim moi quing nging- Khéng cin phii doc lai cic tt hoe doe nguor | 26 the dong xsu dén mite 46 tie thi ai. Doc cham va kj Doe nhanh theo timg cum tir gidp nang cao mic 46 thu. Nhimg viéc cin thyc hign 1. Han ché vige doc la cfc tit hoe dc nguvc lai, Chi dl doc tip. 2, Gim bér thai gian cho méi quang ngimg. Tigp thu ti theo ting cum lem, 00 nghia Duy tri sy tap trung. Ning cao dng co. 6. Lap lai Bai tdp 1 0@ cam nh vio hie nio 46 trong hai gin. Xem nhanh cic ch diém cia chuong 5.ines Dé mat lam viéc tét Nhiing diéu kién vé méi truong bén ngoai va bén trong An cho doc nhanh Chi diém Tao didu kign bén ngodi t6t nhdt Trinh trd ngai tif bén trong, Tom tat Nhimg viéc can thyc hién CChsong 5 xem xét ning phsog phip gp ching tao thé nf cao te & doe va mie & tip thu nbd tao digu ign ben nga thich lo, chi ¥ dn che yo t6nbu tt, dn sing, dng ‘anh tri ngai tit én trong bat nguon tit hing 8 hu lo du hay sie Khe Ke Moi ering én tong wich eve s8 rao te cbng Inaing (1-41 2, 3, 54+) vi méi ming bén ngodt tick cate AE mang lat hi tne nhu thé, moi naimg ben trong tidu ove mruimg bén ngodi tiéu eve Rh Can hiéu nguyén by ndy 0a ud cao hem. Tuong tuomg tic cong hating voi méi cho hig qua kém di ri nhieu. dung due cong thie thst nhdt. ‘Tao diéu kién bén ngoai tét nhat Gach bé tri va cudng 46 anh sing Anh sing thich hop nhat cho vige hoc 1a anh sing ban ngay; vi vay, nda c6 thé, ban nén dit ban lam vigc hog noi doc sich fa minh gan cita so, Néu kh6ng, va vio ning lic trdi am u ban cin bt a0 cho inh sing chiga qua vai, ngue hung Geta chen bie 48 teh chit mfe va bing &6 (com hink 5 Ben duéi), Dén ban sk King ding cich. Anh sing phit di mank aé ban doc dé ding, nhumg khOng qué manh dén mc tgo ra str tuong phin é lim mat khé chju néu duge bo tri Jén vi phin cdn lai cia phdng lam viée. N6i céch khéc, ban Hiding nén ngdi co rim tric mét ciy dn sing cit rx tigp vio sich, Ngoii dén ban, ban cdn cin dén chiéu sing hap If cho phang lim vige IES cr yy tot rit a ii tr npn sing then hep 68 doe sch. Nom ant a inh cu” thodi mai, méi trurng hoc cia ban ei nhing tai ligu cin thiét duge sip xép tign lai va Sn ding. Diéu nay gidp ban khong chi nang cao sptip trung, mite 46 tip thu, ma cdn tgo ra sy humg phi If. Khi bigt tai ligu aia minh duge sip xép via ¥ vi hop niém vui d6i véi cong vige true mit sé ting len khien ban thé thuc hign viée hoc dé ding hon. Sy thodi mai vé thé chat Ding lam ban thodi mai qué duge chige ghé binh ém 4i nhat trong nha, lai cén bt nhimg migng ném that mém, dit bé gic chin phia trade 6 thé dudi chan thodi mAi, pha sin m6t tich thife uéing n hoc khui sin my lon bia, va tip trung lim vige trong hai dé rdi sau 46 ngii hie nio khéng biét! gudi tim cho Ly tudng nhit a ghé pgdi khong nén qué cimg hay mém, lumg ghé phai thing (lung ghé nghiéng tao tu thé va khong tét cho amg, déng thai khign vige ghi chi di céch mat thoi mai), ndi chung la dimg lim cho ban cim thu gian hoe cing thing qué mite. Ghé ngdi cin chiu dt sie ning cia co thé va tao tu thé thich hop. Chiéu cao cia ghé va ban lam vige Chiéu cao cia ghé va bin lam vige rit quan tro ti cao dé hai ddi 06 thé song song vé lén m@t chit, Diu nay bio dim cho cae xuomg chu chit chju phan lén trong lung khi ngéi. lie, mot chige ghé diu nhd hoc cuén danh ba dign thoal gip ban ning d6i chan lén vi tri thoi méi, Thong thud chiéu cao cia bin lim ché ngéi cia ghé' khe jem va bin phi cao hoiing céch tit mit dén ach Khoing cich ti mit dén sich phi khoing 50cm, day 1a Yholing cich ty nhién néu ban ngéi theo cich di trinh bay & trén, Gid sich 6 khodng cich nay lim mit rat dé tap trung yao cic cum tik (x vé tim nhin ngoai vi, trang 120), déng thoi lim giim dang ké sy cing thing cho mat vi hi ning bi nhic diu do doc. Dé tw chimg minh diéu via néu, ban hay thirnhin ngén tré cia minh khi dat né gin cham ‘ai ri nhin ca ban tay khi dé né cich xa mat khoang 46cm. Ra ring, trong truemg hop diu, ban sé cim thay thé chit Ging thing va su cing thing &y duoc gidi tda bot trong trudng hop sau, cho dii lic dé ban phii “quan sat” nhigu hom ‘Tu thé Ly twig nhit 18 hai bin chan ciia ban cham t6i nén nha, Limg phai thing, vi ban phai nhim dén vi dai he théng co. Vi cic dung cong tum déi & lumg tao lye nhe nhing kéo ning chi yéu nén néu o6 ging ngéi trong tu thé “thing do’ hoc san phing nhing dudng cong, ban sé thay met Khi dang ngdi doc (chit khong phai viét) trén ghé’ hoje ghé dau, o6 thé ban sé thay thoai mai hon néu cam sich bing hai fay. Trong trutmg hop thich nghiéng vé pha true bin vai 46, ban hay dt cudn sich len vat gi db dé tao mot géc nhd Quan trong nhit 1a ban phii ngdi trén chiée ghé cimg chic Blt ky vat gi mém hoje ém ai qua mite — nhur migng ném ob 49 din hoi — cusi cing déu sé dua ban vio gic ngil Ng6i ding tu thé khi doc c6 nghia li: * Nao cia ban nhjn due tdi da dung khi va méu: Khi xuong 80ng phia trén, va nhit la cd, bi uén ong, ci khi quan, ong mgch chinh lin mach mau trong 6 cia ban st bi thit lai, Néu ban ngéimau sé duge lun théng, nhé 46, nao 6 thé lim vige higu ning cao nhat Luéng dig ning trén et sing ciia ban sé tdi wu héa Ie eda bj nao, Ngudi ta di chimg mis tu thé thing ding véi diéu kign 1a vin dung cong tuomg Adi, ty nhién & xwong song sé dem nhigu sic yc va 6 dan héi cho c6t séng. Hon nda, thé ngéi thing cdn lim giam ching dau lung duxdi nite mdi vai Khi e¢ thé ban nhay bén thi nio cia ban cing nhay bé Khi co thé & tu thé thing, nao cia ban sé biet o6 digu gi dé quan trong dang din ra. Nguge lai, Khi oo gip vé phia trade hoje 46 sup xudng, thi qua khi ni nghe trong dau va cic co eu diéu chink, nao cia ban ict ring da dén lic ngd, dic biet 18 khi déu ban gue sang mot bén. t ban cé thé tan dung ca tm nhin trung tim va ngoai Kholing cich tir mat dén sich it nhitt phai 18 $0cm, Chiu cao cia ghé va ban, khoing cich tir mét dén sich, thodi mai vé thé chét cing tu thé cia ban déu cd lién q mat thiét voi nhau, Hinh 5, trang 85, thé hi¢n mot thé If twig Mei trutng Moi truong sé anh hudng dén thinh tyu cila ban. Vi thé, doc sich cin sing, réng, dé nhin, thugn Igi cho vige doe duge bai tri theo sé thich. D6 phai li mot noi ma ban m én ngay ci khi khéng dinh doc sich Do lau nay ngudi ta xem vige doc sich, hoc tip, ng fu nhir hinh phat hay nie ngini da dé noi hoc tap cia , minh trong khéng, am d i cue nhoc nhat nén nihil thigu Anh sing, va bai tri loai bim ghé c6 chit lugng kém hit, Hay bign méi tring hoc tgp cia ban thanh thién uring, chit khong phii ngue ta! Néu cdn nghi ngd vé tm quan trong ctia diéu nay, hay thir xem ban cam thay nhu thé nio (moi trudng bén trong) khi duge ngudi ban dic biet chio dén nhigt tinh va mdi vio mot cin phing bai tri rét dep mit (moi truing ben ngodi). Dé chinh li cim gic ma ban cin tao ra cho minh va trong déu minh khi nghi vé noi minh se dén dé hoc tip ho¥e doc sich Noi dy phii én mdi va chio ming ban sank tr ngai tir ben trong Xée dinh thai gian Diy thing la yéu td tao nén sur khic biét gita vige hoan toain higu ndi dung doc va hoan toin khéng hiéu, Do cfc théi quen uge hinh thinh tir hic cdn di hoc, nhiéu ngui da khéng bao gid 66 ging tim ra thai diém Age hoe hgc t6t nhit cho minh trong ngiy Thirnghiem doc vao nhimg lic khéc nhau li digu v6 cing quan trong, vi tat ci chi Suy thoSi khéc nhau vé Mot sé ngudi thay minh hoc Ot nhat tirnim dén chin gic sing. Mat s6 khic lai thiy chi cé thé hoe vio ban dém, mét sd khéc nia thi cho ring thoi diém tm hoge du budi chiéu la t6t nhit. Néu khéng tin vige xc inh sai thoi gi 1a déu od cac cao d a diém chink 1a nguyén nhin Khiém ban mat Kh nee tap trung va tigp thu thi hiy thir nghigm c Mbitng yéu t6 1am gin doan Cang ging nh céc tir la hay khai niém kh6, nhing od dign BSAC quing nghi khong cin thiét, nhimg tiéng dn Id,céc thé vat vanh nhw may thu thanh, tap gidy viét nguédl het ngoac cling nhiéu thi khic thudc loai sing 1c Ja ligt tran bin, vi khodng khong ciia ban, déu 1a nhiing y& td lam mat kha ning tap trung va tigp thu. ‘Moi truong 1 mot yéu t quan trong trong viéc gitip ning ao hay lim giam di t6e &6 doc cing mite dé tigp thu cia han, Cin bio dim ring moi yéu t6 trong m6i trarmg cia ban, ben ngoii lin bén trong, déu duge két cau dé tot ms ha hoat dong tri tué. trong cing o6 thé lim ban Tuong ty, méi truvng bé lang. Néu dang lo ling vi nhimg vén 42 c4 nhin, hay 19 tinh trang Khong duge thoi mai vé thé chit, tinh thin, ho thudng dau dm, thi stip trung va kha ning tiép thu cia B $8 lim sitnghiém trong. Cin nhdrring néu ng theo utile aaa vige cin thyc hign dking, ban sé thé sau va chim, diéu nay gitp ban cim thay t 1. Chi ¥ ngay dén cic didu ki¢n lam vige bén ngoai ciia ban, dc bigt la anh sing, vj tri bin hoc, ndi dung doc, vi tu thé ngéi. 2. Thir nghiém nhim tim ra théi diém tot nhit trong ngiy € doc va hoc véi higu ning cao nhit. 3, Bio dim moi trudng bén trong cia ban ludn tinh Ling, thanh thin, nhay bén va giip ich cho vige hgc. gian hon. Giai php 1a bign moi trudng hoc tp clia ban thinh now khi xam pham, vi sfp xép sa0 cho né ed tac dung hé Nhung vige nhé nbgt — nhur cii ché 49 ty dong tra 16 miy dign thoai, din mét ky higu vui len cia yeu ctu H quay ray, chon loai nhgc thich hop, loai bd moi thir khong n dogn cong viée — déu o6 tie di thiet nhim trénh lim gi Va, ban cting nén c@ ging tao né nép sinh hoat chung @ mink; khi 46, vige doc, hoc, tiép thu, nhé sé tin bo. DEB thém thong tin vé vige tao méi trudng hoc tap tot, xem td 85 Tiép néi Cée vain 4é vé stic khée fy : E 1 San Eh dt hoe vé cdch lim vig cia mét va tim ra phtng php Néu chudin bi theo mot chrmg trinh doc hofc hoc mé 9 BO ita di trtag cia ban ban cin bio dim ring minh cb di sie Khe 46 dip gy sits sang pat Son qua yng tng . me nhng ben vit mbar chm hag Hp Abi nhiing gi ban da dat duse bing mét kf thuét doc méi mang iu cing gay anh hung lin dén hoat déng tri tug cial : Néu thuong c6 cic trigu chig trén, ban nén hoi § kien bic s hod chuyén gia vé sic khée, Ngoai ra, ban cling) két hop véi mét chung trinh tip Tuyén vie ste va dei (xem Scich 06 Thién tai cia Busan (Buzan's Book of Geni mat o6 thé lam vige tt hon nita, cu ctia cor tinh ech mangHung dan mat — Mét ky thuat mdi vé doc nhanh va doc mo réng Chi diém Ai ding ~ Bia tré hay hé thdng gido duc? Sirdung hung din theo céch nao ta t6t ahd? Bai ty kiém tra 3 cOng mifc 46 tép thu Tom tét + Nhimg vie cAn thue hien Trong chutmg nay, ching ta bin dén nhu cu cn duge “h cia mt khi dge vi hoe ech tt nha d& sit dyng hung dy. Kj thudt nly “ngay tie Khde* Lam gidm théi quen doc lai ti, ge nee Ie; dng thi ning cao te 4 cing mie tip cho phép ban ting sé ti tigp thu due trong mi quing ngimg, Jam cho mét ben thu gian Trong link owe eri tub, thing thaimg bic khéi dd La giam) hii. Nhiing bude tiép theo sé lin het tré nén dé dang hom, dui tién dé Lam hon buaic craic. Ban cag hoc thi lai cang dé hon. — Bria tré hay hé théng giao duc? XKhi mdi hoc doc lin diu, mét trong nhing ang tac du ia tré li gi? it ngén tay trén trang gidy. Va ching ta lap tbc bio tré li phap nay lim tré doc chim xn tay ra vi “biét” phuong Vay tai sa0 dé 1a dong tac dau tién cia tré? Dé duy tri trong tam va gitip tap trung. ThE thi ching ta cé diing khong khi bio tré lay ngén tay ra? C6 mot diéu chic chan, néu ngén tay shée sul ‘chim di, thi ding le phin tmg hop lf cia ching ta pl iré chuyén dich ngén tay nhanh hon dé duy tri trong tam va sy tap trung! Hay di sau hom vio van dé nay bing céch néu cée cau héi sau: Ban 06 bao gid diing ngdn tay, ngdn cai, biit chi, but mye hode bat kj hinh thie tre giip thi giéc nio khic khi dang 1; tras dign thogi trong danh ba C6/Khéng 2. tra nghia cia tir trong tirdién Cé/Khong 9 tim mt myc thong tin trong ti dién bich khoa hoc sich tham khio C6/Khéng © cong mot cot so '6/Khéng > fp trung vio diém ban sip ghi chi C6/Khong © chi cho ai xem chi tiét mi ban muén ho chit ¥ trén gify (C6/Khéng 7 doc binh thing C6/KhongHu bét moi ngudi déu tr’ 134 “C4” cho ft nit phan mia cau hdi trén, va nid ngudi tri 104 “C6” cho moi cau hdl iu cudi cing Ching phii la digu la King sao Khi tt ch ching t@ dé dung huéng dn trong gén nhur moi tinh huong doc ngoai doc thang thudng ~ Is tin hudg ma ching t due yeu khong lam digu ching ta mudn Tam mot cach ty nhién. “Thit vay, thinh kin niy dian sau dn mde néu buge van phong cia mot chuyén gia cao cip va thiy éng te ngén tay khi dang doe sich, chfe chin ban s€ nh gis thip tri tué cla dng ta ngay! Vay, dau I sy that lia vin dé? Nen doe o6 hung din: khong? ing ta hay tim céu tra li bing mor thi nghlém. ‘Thi nghiém 61 nat Ia ban thye hign cue thi nghiém gdm hai gia nay voi mét ngudi ban. G giat dogn dit, cd hai ngéi déi dign, céch nhau 60cm, khoanh tay lai va dau gitt yen. ay gid, mot ngubi hay tug tung oO mot vong g kinh khong 46cm dang & cich x4 khotr 3 cia nd, nhérla ca hai déu phi khoanb tay hin ngwdi dang ting tuxmg that ky a thy chin xi sma cia ho dang lam gi. Newdi dang tuimg tuymg cing phit cim nhan thit sie chuyén déng cia mit minh theo chu vi ving tron: chong trao di thong tin vénhiing diéu ban thy hofe tr pghigm trong gai oan n 4n A6i vair ngudi én Iai tung tuemg ving fron 1Gi dng mét doi theo, vi ngui Kia quan sit chuyén ang mt cia ban minb, Sau khi hon think bai tp, My gi thong tin vé mhimg digu ma cd hai da thay trong mit gt Kia va tr ci nh & mit minh Ki dot theo vong tron tung tung. Gin nhu khong cé ngoai Ig, bai tap thit nhit tg0 ra mot fish ching gidng vong trdn chit mio mi gidng nhw duomg Bp Whi trong hinh 6a ben dud; vA hiu hét mat nga aéu thay bai tap nay rat khé © giai doan sau cita cugc thi nghiém, hai ngudi cling ngéi fog tw nhu tric. Lin niy, mt ngudi gdp ngudi kia bi tich ding ngin tré vé theo nét cia mot vong trén hoin chinh @ cing vi tr véi ving tron tuing tuxmg. Dua vio su hong din dy, ngudi kia chuyén dich mit quanh chu vi vong trdn déng thdi ghi nhin cim giéc cia mt minh Ki nhin theo dau ngén tay. Va gidng nhu lan trude, ngudi hudng dan cing quan sit thit ky chuyén dng mét cia ngudi Adi dign. Khi bi hhoin tat, di vai réi thio luan nhimg diéu ban thy omit cia ‘gud cn lai va ty cim nh§n 6 mit minh. Dre moc nds wi nen cine sera nrg uneGB of Kong che Kkhuat tim nkin va ban of thé dé ding “nhin né e do db ma vige ding bin tay hofe ngén tay sé ching jay chit no, tt Khi Khong cb sin cic vat ung dn Hic, ink Oe icv cu sre Fa be diy cia ngén tay vi Tong bin tay sé che gin het tm nh ua rg ven Mh a ste pé sir dung vit huxing din theo cich higu qua nhat, chi cin ge vat hung din duvi dong mi ban dang doc, r6i dich uy né mot cich déu din khi doc. Pring of ging kéo vat furing din theo timg cum quing nging ly twing — bo nao Fi dang doc st ra len cho mit phi ngimg 6 du trong khi ban Vi bai tap nay, da so nhing nguedi tham gia éu thay dich chuyén vat hung din déu djn theo dong che di theo hug din mét cich théng sudt vi ho cim thiy chju hom khi duge hung din (xem hink 6b bén trén) 0. Kom nang 95-56, Trong thai gian thye hign bai tap, hay nhé ding chu dich ngén tay qué nhanh hoe tgo thinh nhiéu ving tron 6 ging dimg thoi mien ban minh! Mat cau hdi quan trong vio hic nay 1a; ban cé cin dich chuyéa vit huring din dn hét ding chit khong? $6 di nhur vay 1a do m&t ngudi cd chic ndng husmg ; Rees pee ee Cau tr ei 6 thé dye tim théy khi biet ing nhamg ng oc nhanh déu doc “xuéng gida trang gidy”. Digu nay thuong bj hiéu sai 1A mat cia ho di theo during thing xudng vj tri ding, vi ho doc chuyén déng béi chinh chuyén dong trong méi trudng Jai nhiéu théng tin sng cin Vay la dung nhu tré da o6 dong tic ding ft ky the vu xusng phan gitta ciia trang gidy thip théng tin nao. Nhu bai tap nay 4a chimg mink, mét dh A ban trung tam. Thue ra, hiéu nhwr vay khon; 15 tro mit trong thé’ hi diing huvmg din ear Dé la do mit 6 kha ning thay duge mot lin nim hoge séu 1th, nén né 06 thé dé ding chit muc vio sau phan bat dau va trade phin két thiic ciia mét ding chit, nhér vay ma tiép thu ‘Sir dung hwdng dan theo cach nao la t6t nhat? thong tin “theo hudmg mgt ben” (xem hink 7 trang 98) Vi mit ngudi cé chic ning di theo hung din — 6 18, hug din sé dé chju va higu qui hon ri cing 4a str dung huimg din cho vige doc sich thong tht Khi con nhé va cho cic tinh huéng doc khac nhau trong Gi — nén rt dé hoe lai ky ning niy Tot nhat la ding mét vat dai va méng, nh cay viet hog 6 thin minh, chiée dala hay que dan. Nhu thé, vat htHink 7. Vio it boa vt hi od ding at hues cn Xen vang 97 , vat hung din lim giim @én mie ti thiéu lugng céng viéc ma mit phai dim nhin, gitt cho ni trung, giép ban ting téc dé doc déu din trong hic vin Kha ning tiép thu & miie cao. Vigc tai lap thoi quen trf tug via néu mat chua dén tigng déng hd, Phin Nhing vige edn thue hign & cudi nay sé hurmg din vé cach tai lip. Trong Bai tx kiém tra sau day, ban o6 thé két hop digu minh da biét vé chuyé: hoc vé huimg din mit, dong mit véi nhing ai thyc hinh sit dung hurd trong hai phiit &éi véi noi dung ban da doc trong sich hanh ngay véi Bai ne kiém tra {ra 3: Tri thong minh cita loai vat “pain i: Cich trayén thing dfc déo cila cé voi Tac gid: Mow [Mot nha khoa hoc ngui Canada da phit hign cf voi sit thi néi duoc mot sO ngén ngit khic nhau theo mét s6 thé ngir khéc hau, Mire 46 khéc bigt gita nhing thé ngi nay 6 thé khong Ding ké nhur trong tring hop cic phuong ng cia gon ng qudc gia, mi cling 06 thé raft lon nh trong truing hop cle ngOn ngi cia chau Au vi chau A Hoi ngén ngu siéu thong minh Phat hign trén 3 dua ci voi vao hoi ngOn ngi sieu thong minh cia loai hitu nha — héi niy gém con ngwdi, cic loai ong vat linh trudng chinh va hii céu ¢6 ddim. (Nhung cong ‘tinh nghién cu hi¢n nay gia thuyét ring am thanh do cfc Toi hou nha khéc phit ra mang tinh di truyén, Hhieu nha nghién ciru cho la vé mt ngon nga, da s6 loai dong vat thong minh hon mic chiing ta da nghi trade day rat nhiéu, va cich truyén thong cia ching via phé bién cho cd Toti via mang tinh sing tao ci nhan.) mic di ob John Ford, nhan vién quin ly nhung loai dong vat bién Ri nha tai Cong vin Thily sinh Vancouver & British Columbia, a nghien ciu céc phuong phip truyén thong cia EOI sit thi trong mot thip Glia Lodi ci voi n: * tnhau dursi mixic. Cac tigng keu dé hoin toin khéc véi ich tach” 4 ning Immg cao giéng nh thiét bi dé sich dua vao séng am ma cé voi phit ra khi dinh vi ing ang, va nhin thay ring thé ngo keu ma ching ding khiThye ra, cf voi sit thi Li thinh vién én nhat cia heo, Goi tén “c& voi sit thii” IA khong dting, vi chua o6 nhan nio vé vige loai cf nay tn céng con ngudi ma ng gui ta cdn ghi nhan duge mét sé travmg hap ching git con ngudi gidng nhu cé heo. Cé voi e6 ting rit C6 le phii phét déng phong trio dit Iai tén cho ching = voi tigng rit” hoe “cd voi cé tighg rit” sé thich hop va t thanh hom C4 voi tihg rit duye phat hin & tat ca cac ving bién trén thé gidi, te ving dm nhit cia mién nhiét d6i cho ving lanh nhat 6 Bic eye va Nam cue, Noi cé mat 46 nat cia lodi c& nay 18 nhing ving bién ngodi khoi cae, gia on 46%, gém Iceland va Canada. Sé lug cf voi ting rit ma Ford da nghién cau la 350 con, sng quanh nim 6 ving bién ngoti Khoi Columbia va phia bic tiéu bang Washington (My). 0 hing hinh thinh hai quan thé riéng bigt rong ruéi ning ving lanh thé lan can, Quin thé phuong bic bao gém 16 nhém gia dink (t sng trai dai ti viing gita dio Vancouver dén mai déng cia Alaska, hd hon & nam chia thinh ba tdp va rong rudi tir bién gidi cla quan! thinh vien cila quan 1 phuong bac dén tin phuong nam t6i Puget Sound va Gary May min la phn lim am thanh do 4 voi tigng rit pl déu nim trong ngutmg nghe cia con ngwoi. Nhé vay nghién citu cia Ford da durge tign hanh dé da treo vao man thuyén mét thiét bi nghe dudi nuxic, ign khuyéch dai am thanh, r6i ghi vao bing cassette (Qua cong tznh nghien fu, Ford dt xe dinh dv: thanh cia méi tdp v4 Ong phit hign trung binh mét tép phat ra 1? tieng keu khic nhau. Mdi thinh vién trong tdp c6 thé gt ra duoc tron bo tigng keu va tieng rit. Hé théng ci fidng keu va tidhg rit niy khac w6i am thanh cia nhimg lo’ eo, cf voi khic, ci vé log lan chit. Phin lon tigng kéu chi dupe sir dung trong pham vi mot , nhumg cing ¢6 ki gita cic tép khéc nhau o6 chung mot tiéng kéu hoi hon 6 tién chung ‘Thit thi vj la Ford da phat iy truyén ti the hi ‘he khéc trong méi top. E Khign éng suy doan rng cic nhém 06 chung tigng kéu 06 bit ngudn tir cing mét hoc nhiéu t6 tién. Hai top cang cd nhieu tiéng kéu chung chimg ndo thi quan hé ho hing cing gin nhau ching Zy Méi lién he vé tign héa gita thé ngw va top 46 da gitip Ford die don durge thdi gian cin thiét dé hinh thinh mot thé gi riéng bigr. Ong phat Thay A6i din ra dung nue it cham, Mot thé ngit cin nhi¢u thé kj aé phat trién.” Y ong Mud n6i vai thé ngd c6 thé da tn tai hang nghin nim ‘Trong tam méi trong nghién ctu cia Ford 1a méi twong quan git hinh vi va tigng keu cia ca voi ting rit. Cho dén ay, Ong van chua tim thay méi tuong quan Ign nao, mic dd Gi phit hign hi bi kich don, kew Thanh hon, cé cao a6 1én hom va thudng xuyén hon. Ford tin ring, néi chung, nhimg ting kéu 6 tgo nén mot Hmat ma nhan dang t6p rit tinh t& cho phép ci voi tieng Diét duoc cic thinh vien trong t6p ciia ching. Pigu Digt quan trong cho vige git cdc thanh vién trong t6pluén & gin nhau khi nhimg tip hop tép (siéu t6p) cing véi nhau. Cho én nay, Ford vin chia thé xic dink duge ef phip trong truyén thong ela c& voi tiéng rit; nhung chat phic tap vé mat am thank cita chiing da gay an tung Ford néi: “Dung nhur chiing ¢6 mét céch giao tip qua va phat trign & mite cao mi trong giai doan nay ching chi 6 thé hiéu due phin nio. Theo thai gian, t6i nght chiing ta sé trudng dc dao cla ching.” iéu hom vé cich 4 voi thich nghi véi Phan Il: Tri théng minh ctia loai vat ~ Cé heo Tike gid: Gido su Michael Craze M Theo cich dinh nghia ctia Rudyard Kipling vé viée hoc: If do, thoi gian, cach thitc, dia diém, tac nhan”, ngudi cim thay cfc thinh vien thugc leai dong vat bién (nh ho c& voi) “thiéu ba ngudi ching 6” nio cho thy ching cé thé giao nhang vin dé lién quan dén thdi gian, cich thite, If do, day vai nim, khi dang lim vige tai vn thi: Whipsnade, 43 chimg kign mot cude biéu din v6 cing bit ngo cia ‘Mot trong ba con 4 heo mai chai (Tuwsiops eruncatus) bj bénh va ngudi ta dang c6 ging bit né ra khéi hé. Hai kia lap tc ap dén boi that sit hai bén con cé heo nay, ho khong thé dua vot vio dune Gidi phip 1A dén ching vio hé nhd be ding phin cich xudng dé céng vige Khi dish nghia vé vige hoe, Rudyark Kipling viet keep ix honest serving-men, (They taught me all I knew); ‘Their names are What and Why and When, And How and W1 Who. (ND) hang con cf heo bi kich déng, nhmg sau a6 diu bét di Khi idxing dan thinh 46i hinh lin xudng dy hé di déng loat thie nai vio bén dudi cia ong, hit né len va bot thoat ra ngodi. igu dé duemg nhu cho thay c& heo cé kha ning xit If cach thite”, “thoi gian”, va, ngay tir dau, che chin ching da i dén ket Iuan ve “If do” Nhur vay, 6 vé hoi ngé ngén khi ta oso sinh chic ning ‘io ctia ngildi hién dai (Homo sapiens) vi lodi ed heo mii chai (Prasiops truncatus) mi khong xac dinh rach rdi cic quy te co bin, So sinh chtte nang o¢ le la phuong phip thich hop hon so sinh “tri thong minh”. Céc loli khic nhau c6 nhing vin dé Khe nhau, do 46 ma cng cé nhing kiéu mAy tinh khée nhau E xielf ching. Mot s6 may tinh nhur LISP rat higu qua trong vike xirlf { tu’mg, con cic may khic xit lf s6 t6t hon. That phi cong khi cé ging so sink chuomg trinh LISP véi chuong trinh BASIC Su phat trién tiéu nao & mife cao nhw thé cla ho ca heo 6 thé lien quan dén vigc loi cé nay hogt déng theo Iéi ba chiéu, Gidng nh Lodi chim, c& heo cing cé nhu ciu phéi hop ba chiéu va duoc tiéu nao dip ing ‘Trong cuén sich néi tiéng cita John Lily, ta thy nhimg con Giheo bj bit mat vin cé thé hing chic ning dinh vi bing tiéng Nang dé phan bigt cic vit thé tir xa theo mat dé cia chiing, 4 liga nhur thé dua ra mot céch gidi thich, Thong » he thong dinh vi bing tigng vang chi duge xem li Mg Hen gitip ci heo xéc dinh vj tri thie in. Hang loat kha sling 48 phan bigt ciia ci heo a4 duge két hop bi mot A ha-ron oé kha ning nhjn biét nhér vio cfc ty Ié git ¥8 tighg dong, gidng nhue chiing ta nhin biét nh ‘Si ching ta nhin thyNéu quan sit bG nao cia cf heo con, ta sé thiy che now duge phin bo diy dic chit khéng thua thét. Do méi nos 6 thé tgo ra hon 6,000 két ndi véi nhimg no-ron khée kha ning mdt bo nio nhu thé tuong tac han ché ho¥e toin khong tuong tic véi thong tin g6i dén tir ce gide q theo toi nghi, rit khé xay ra. Vi du, 66 thé nao ci heo of tiém ning nhé nhing ban am thanh vé dan déu biét, khong phai viing bign nio ciing 6 cA va ia hinh cia dai duomg. That vay, nhwr cée mi ching chi hign dign trong nbimg ving sinh théi ching, noi cé lign quan dén dja hin, dia chit cba dat di cée ding chiy, 44 vi nhing kign tg0 khéc ma trong 46 vat bign phat trign Nhing gi ching ta biét dugc la cf heo 06 thé “thi” thank, That kj Ia khi ai d6 duoc tri ban cho tri nh: phi thi cing o6 thé nghe mau sfc va thay am thanh. Didu ny of kh ning xdy ra nho’ sO Iuong két nd truyén cue lin cho phép nto 6 thé tham chiéu chéo tin 6 edp a6 cao hon. Néu c6 thé hinh dung duye digu nay phat ching nhan xét cia ching ta ring cfc loli €ang vat 6 vii khong cé kha ning giao tiép — cin ett vio s6 luong nnhang am thanh ma chting phét ra ~ dit sai Lim? Vi chi giao tip bing ngon tir nim trong khoing gita cia dit t 6 am, phi ching digu dé 6 nghia 1a cic loai dng vat 6 wi cing giao tigp theo cich ay? Vor khd ning sir dung) dai tin so rong nh vay, chiing c6 Ie hoan toan khong Tam hofc lam rat nhiéu, mgt cich vo thie. Néu ci heo nhant vé Khi ning sit dung am thanh cia ching ta, 61 € ring s€ nghit ching ta cén trong théi nguyén thiy! Van dé 1a chiing ta @a phan tich nhiing loai khic bing) lien hé ching véi chinh ching ta, Ngudi ta thudng ché va cic con vat khic rit thong minh vi ching 6 thé faee dién obng td dom giin néu die hudn Iu ugui hig dai cO thé bit nhét cc loai dong vat bién cd vit trong moi trong gy mit cm git ri itching choi bong wa dure thuing thi in chi dom thuin cho thay tée dung fia nbing kj thuat gidi han mo a6 vi o6 Ie cing cho thay thing ta AX mit i mot co hot d& thiét lip sr giao te rong 1m hon gitta cic Lodi Yige lam giam tri thong minh v6 tan etia céc dong vat phi thing niy xudng den mie chi cin 18 tro mua vui 1A mot ich lam cue kj thién can, ding ché trach va v6 ating v6 b6. Ching ta s¢ thong minh cing nh nhan dao hon néu biét xem xét hig khi ning v0 cing to Iém cia céc sinh vit dng Joai theo cich nhin vin va thong minh hon. Bay gid, hay ngimg ddng hé bim gid ‘Thoi lung: phnit Tikp theo, hay tinh tée 49 doc cia ban theo s6 tit mdi phiit (tmp) bing cich chia s6 tt trong doan vin trén (1.601 ti) cho thdi gian doc (theo phiit) Céng thie doe nhanh: stir S6 ti mdi phat (tmp) = Far cian Sau tinh xong, hay dién két qua vio vi ti tmp 6 cud doan My VA vio hai Biéu dé tid bd cha ban & trang 308-309. $6 tit méi phiit:(Bai tir kiém tra 3: Mute 46 tiép thu 1. Ca voi sat thi: néi due: a, mét sé ngn ng@ khic nhau theo mét s6 thé n, khac nhau b, mét ngén ng@ theo nhiéu thé ngit khéc nhau hai ngén ngo khic nhau, méi ng6n nga theo md} nga d. cing mt ngén ngi theo mot s6 thé ngi khée voi thugc m6t “héi ngén nga” khic véi “hoi ngon cia con ngwi, lo’i dong vat link truémg chinh va 6 dim, Pit . ThE ng@ cia Lodi cé voi sit thi Ia nbiing tigng rit, ching ding khi: a. dinh vj bing ting vang b. lién lac nhau dudi nude ‘giao phéi 4. canh bao nguy hiém Negudi ta da ghi nhan ring cé voi sit thi a. thinh thoing tin cng con ngudi b. thudng tn cong con ngudi c. chua bao gié tan cong con ngudi d. tn cong nhumg khong gay tt vong cho con n; 1g rit duye phat hign b. chi érnhing viing bi chi & nhimg ving bién thude Dai Tay Duong val cc viing bién lim trén thé Nhém gia dinh c& voi duuge goi la > Phin Kin am thanh do cé voi ting rit phét ra déu: nim trén ngudmg nghe ciia con ngudi nim dui ngudng nghe cia con ngudi nim trong ngudng nghe cia con ngudi Khong thé biét durgc | Mot gia dinh cé voi trung binh phat ra bao nhieu tigng eu khie nhau? a8 b. 10 ip, 12 d. 20 | Th6 nget ciia ca voit a. 1 mét cich goi khong ding , duoc truyén th thé hé ny sang thé’ he khac khéc nhau tir thé’ he nay sang thé he khic 4. ey bin li gidng nhaw | Ford ude doin mot thé nga cin bao liu dé phat trién? a Inim b, 10 nim © mét thé he 4. nhiéu the ky | Qua nghién cau “tinh chat phite tap vé mat am thanh” iia cé voi tiéng rit, cudi cing, John Ford di xéc dinh lave cau tric ngit php co bin trong cich truyén thong ‘ctia ching, Diing/Sai Si phat trign tiéu nao 6 miic cao cia ho ca heo cé thé Wign quan aén viec: Moai cd nay cin bo nao lm Aé lién lac Todi c4 nay hoat dong theo li ba chiéuz dai duong cia ai cd nay cho phép i Gy Nhing vat hung din thich hop nb a cay viét, bit chi 6 thin minh, que dan hoc chiée dia. 5, Vat hung din phai chuyén dich déu dan phia duéi ddng 6 kich thue Ién hon jodi cé nay tién héa trade con ngindi nhiéu thé ky Trong cudn sich néi tigng cia minh, John Lily cho chit. i 5 nhang con cé heo bj bit mt van o6 thé ding chi 4, Ban chi cin hung din mit xudng phan gitta cia trang inh vi bing tiéng vang dé phan biét cic vat thé tikxa gity. 5, Vat hung din sé lam ting toc d vi mire d6 tiép thu, déng théi giip mat thu gian. hinh , ning cao su tap trung ang cila chiing ket cau cia ching mat d6 ciia chiing min sic ea ching >) Nhiimg viee cin thuc hin 1 Ding vat hudng din tot nbit sin 06 hic ban doc sich, éng thoi tim mot vat huéng din ly tuong. Dee nhanh Iai chuong nay ngay, ding vat huwmg din Khi doc. 3, Diing vat hung din khi doc bio hay tap chi vio lan tdi, 4, Thinh thoing nén ding vat hudng din 4@ “ty thiie minh” doc nhanh hon mét chit véi mite vita phai. Vige ndy sé din lam ting ste man cho “cor bip” te ag va mie 46 4igp thu cita ban, ging nhw phuong phap nang din trong Tuyng ta trong phong tap sé lim ting sie manh co bap aia ban, Vige quan sat b@ nao cia cé heo con cho thy cé su pl béino-ron thu thé hing Nao cila c4 heo c6 thé: nghe mau s ném im thanh mau sic Déi chi cée cau tri 1di cia ban véi dp dn & trang 305, voi 100 dé ite 46 tip thu cia ban theo ty Ie phin trim 6, chia dim s6 dat duge cho 15 réi nh Diém vé mite d6 tip thu tren 15 Bay gid, didn diém cia ban vio hai Biéu dé tig bé & 308-309. Tiép néi ning edp ge thép cia ngubi doe bie thang dau tién cia ngu@i dge Tom tat Ban ning ty nhién cia tré ding vat hung din khi ding. Bhanh, Trong chuong tip ‘edn ba fli va dus ban vio thé gii cia nhiing ngwbi doe siéu nhanks ae g rio ich git thigu voi ba 9 cia vatTién dén doc siéu nhanh Dai vinh danh nhiing ngudi doc nhanh Chi diém Nhung nhan v@t xut ching vé doc nhanh Hai cfu chuyén than ky vé doc nhanh Mé rOng nang luc thj giéc ciia ban Doc bing nao Tom tat Nhimg vie cn thye hién Co nhitng nghé si, khoa hoe gia, ts tung gi dai va mét sb vj Teng thing doe véi te dp 11000 tit mi pt, Ban cing c thé doe vay Diém nhén Chong 7 gidithigu mot 26 nhin vat xuit ching v8 doe trong ich sit cing ning thinh tich oi ho, gi thich ring tim nbin ngoai vi cia ban, va vén bde man bi mat “vide doc than vat xudt ching vé doc nhanh pai vinh danh nhiing ngudi dgc nhanh Dai vinh danh nhimg ngudi doc nhanh can fqudn sich t6m luge tién sik cdc tw ting gi thoi dai trong inh vyc chinh tri, khoa hoc, triét hoc. Day chinh 1a diu higu cho thay doc nhanh két hop véi khi ning figp thu, nhé Iai va sir du ndi dung @3 doc 06 vai tro quan trong trong vige dat dén thinh céng Jobn Stuart Mill John Stuart Mil Hang thir 90 trong danh sich cdc thign tai én ciia moi thdi i, Ngui ta néi Ong da doc sich bi chtrang sich chi véi “mot ngum thi gise” 3 triét gia ngudi Anh theo thuyét vj Igi, xép \g cach tip thu nguyen iu chuyén vé Mill cho thy tim quan trong cia viée Khuyén khich va déng co. Khi Mill cdn nhé, cha éng — gito sir dai hoc — thurng dua cho con trai mét cud sich va bio Gu di sang phing khic dé doc trong thdi gian ngin, réi tre Ti thio luan véi cha vé nhing diéu da tigp thu. "Ap lie tich cue va cao ay khin cau bé Mill phai tap trung Madoc nhanh cudn sich durge giao. Digu nay di thic diy cu MO thinh mot ngwdi doc nhanh cuc ky higu qui. _ Phuong phip tot dé ning cio déng co cing nhur ky n Saban 1b thy hign cic bai ; Mill 45 giao cho éng tap gidng nhur cha cia John Stuart : Tam. Ban 6 thé thio lun EP tha duaye vi mot ngudi ban hoge ban cin ang diéu da up.‘Téng théng Franklin D. Roosevelt ‘Trong s6 céc nguyén thi quéc gia, Franklin D. Roosevelt mot trong nhimg ngudi doc nhanh nhit va nhiéu nha. Ny ta ké lai ring Ong c6 thé doc nguyén ci doan vin chi b mot lan nhin ludt qua, vi thurmg doc mot mach a hét sich, Liic du, ding nhu kha ning doc cia Roosevelt chi & 6 trung binh, vi vay, dng quyét dinh dén cong sire 48 thign, Nhing bude dau tién cfa éng 18 ting Ién mite béin r6i siu tit va tim tit trong mét quing nging, Sau 46, ong tap doc mot ln hai dong réi bat diu lust doan ngin lin chuyén dong mét. Phuong phip cia Ong hinh chi chi doc xud ig trang sich, doc bing n gidng nhu phurmg phép cia nhiimg ngwdi doc nhanh hing hign nay Gido su C. Lowell Lees Gido sur Lees 1a Trurmg b mén Ngén tt cla Dai hoe vio thip nién 1950. Ong khdng biét téc 49 doc cia mi khoi nguén cho mét trong nhing buve tign quan trong & Mot ngé Lees bai khda lun dai 80 trang dé nhé 6ng xem vio lie va sau d6 tri Iai cho 3, y no, 6 sinh vién Evelyn Wood nop cho gi Trude sy ngac nhién cila Evelyn, gito su Lees a khda Iuan, doc xong trong vong chua dén mudi phat, diém réi tri lai trong khi cd dang ngdi simg sdt. B ngudi sau nay tré thinh mét trong nhimg nhan vat chtl ia trio hm Doc Nang Déng, ké lai ring gio su Lees shde swe 4a doc bii cia c6. Trong cudc néi chuyén din ra sau @4, 06 thay Ong khong chi hon toin thong suét nhing dieu 6 viét —bao gm cic Idi trong a5! Jan bé Tuan diém — ma con phat hién duge tit ci Ci cho méi trang cé khoing 200-250 ti thi gido su Le da doc va thiu hiéu ci bai viét cia 06 véi toc 46 khoing 2,500 tir méi phit y vige trén di tgo nguén cim himg cho Evelyn Wood nghién ctu ton dién Tinh vue doc nba gio Bon, ri sau nay tré thinh Doc Ning én day doc & Dai hoc Utah va sing lap g do 6 quan ly Ting thong John F. Kennedy ‘Tong thong John F. Kennedy 06 1é 14 ngudi doc nhanh néi tiehg nat tir trude dén nay. C6 duge diéu nay li do dng rit hi trong dén tri thong minh va ning luc tri tug cia minh frong cic cuge van dong. Bide ring éng da hoc doc nhanh béi trade dé dng chi la mot gwdi doc binh thuomg véi t6c 6 khodng 284 tit mdi phut, Ong cang céng khai cho moi ngudi Nhiéu nguoi bict ong aa bd cong hoc kf ning ny cho dén Bhi dat due 6c a tren 1,000 vik méi phi Ngoai ra, 6ng bn phét trién ky ning doc & nhiéu tc do khéc nhau, cho P Ong cd thé thay déi tdc 46 mét cich linh hogt phi Bng doi vei nhimg loai néi dung rit khic nhau ma dng xem hing ngiy. ‘e Sean Adam — ngudi hign git kj luc dge nhanh eta thé gigi — ban du chi fi mot doc binh thurmg Cau chuyén cia Sean thm chi cén ly ky hon na bot dn nhd, anh e6 van dé nghi jac va da mat mhiéu nim nghien ecu hé théng thi giée cia cai thign thi luc téng quét. Cudi cling, anh da lim duce: nay nho tinh kién tri cling sy tin tuy khé ai bi kip. Khi mit hoat déng link hoat hon, vio nim 1982, Seatt dtiu tang te a6 doc, va hign may anh dang git kj luc thé véi tée dé siéu vide 1a 3.850 th méi phiit. Céc bio ol Vien Hoc tip Alpha cia anh & chiu Au cho thay anh huin bj dé nhan bat kj sw thich dia ndo, vi di nang t iia minh Jen mic 4.550 tt mdi phist Vanda North Hien dig thir ba trén thé gidi, Vanda North quan tan doc nhanh khi con la Chi tich Hoi Khuyén hoc Quée tg hoat dng nio thich hop cho Chai tich cia mét hoi nb hom vige nang cao 6c 5 doe? Vanda da thye hién vige ning cao te 46 doc ny céch thuc hank tét cd cic ky thuat duge miéu ti trong) Day Doc Nhanh, Chi sau mot thdi gian ngin, ch da dat mite 3.000 tir mdi phut rat thoai mai. C6 mot di biét ly thi do Vanda néu ra 1a trong nhiéu nim, chi t6c 49 46 la “binh thudng”. Khi biét o6 kha ning nang 46 doc, phin tmg dau tién ctia chi li v6 eting phan Khic bat du han ché vige doc Iai cfc tit va doc nguge lai, nil 46 chuyén dong mit déng thdi ting 46 di cic quing sau bay phi, chi ting gp 401 t6e 46 ciia minh tt 200 en ‘4én 400 tt mdi pht! Tign bo nhanh chéng ny cho dén nay ‘fn con lim chj ngge nhién, vi pha Hin véi niém han hoan Ti ji ye doc. Chi bong dung ring trong 21 nim qua, 1é ra id di 06 thé doc gip d0i khdi lurmg thong tin, voi mie 46 tip thu dt hn, hose c6 thé chi dgc luyng thong tin 4 nhung Jai o6 thém gan mot ndm rinh ri dé giao hu véi ban be, di du lich, khim pha, va thim chi hung thu nhiéu hon! Tréi voi moi dur tinh, Vanda odn thay minh ¢6 kha ning gc, sia bin in thir nhanh gép 5-10 lin so véi ngudi binh thing ma Iai it pham 16i hon, Hay thye hinh cfc ky thuat iéu nhanh cia ban va theo kip Vanda néu 6 khi ning. “That vay, Vanda la Téng bién tp dc lap cia cudn sich ban hign dang cim tren tay! (HGCA chuyén than ky vé doc nhanh Antonio di Marco Magliabechi Antonio di Marco Magliabechi 1a ngudi s6ng cing thoi vii Spinoza, Christopher Wren, Isaac Newton va Leibniz, Ong sinh ngiy 29 thang 10 nim 1633 tai Florence, qué huong ciia Leonardo da Vinci. Do cha me qui nghéo nén ong khong uwge hoc hinh gi va phai hoc vige tai mot cla hing ban trai GY trong ving khi tudi doi cdn rat tré. Ong da danh thoi Ban Finh & ciza hing dé od ging doin hiéu ndi dung trong hing 13 béo va tap chi goi hing ) | Tom tat 1. T6e 46 doc trén 1,000 tit méi phiit [i hodn toin kd — nhiéu nhan vat trong lich sit a gt mite nay va cao mot cich dé ding. 7 2. Boi mat ban c6 260 trigu don vj thu 4nh sing. 3. Hon 80% s6 don vj thu anh sing nay duoc danh cho nin ngoai vi cia ban. 4, Tam nhin ngogi vi cua ban v6 cling rong va rat sit Tenth ‘Ban di thue hign bude nhay tit ngubi doe nhan inh thing (tip tring chi yéu vio mét) len vi tri ola ngutti doe siéu nhanh (tp trung chi yéu vao nfo), Trong chuting tiép theo, ban sé duge gidi higu mot sb kj thuat siéu hung din dé khai thé tm nhin ngogi vi va tdm nhin md rong cia minh.Siéu hudng dan hudng dén cac c&p d6 doc vdi “Tri nhé nhu chup anh” Chi diém Kha nang nh6 nhw chup anh cia ban Siéu hudmg din — Cac ky thugt ‘Thue hanh céc ky thudt siéu hung din n6i trén Bai tap 2 vé tm nhin Bai ty kiém tra 4 cong mile 0 tiép thu Tom tit Nhing vige cén thye hién ‘Mat ngubi o6 kha nang chyp Anh tinh vi méy nh hign dai nhit gip hing nghin Ngubi ta vin chu khém pha hét tit od ‘khd ning cia mit. ‘Chuang 8 gidi thigu voi ban 9 ky thudt hung dn chi ‘hitu dung nhim gidp ban tang cwing va kiém sodt ngoai vi cig tém nhin m@ ring Kinng nh nhu chyp anh cia ban jay mo sich ra & bat ky trang ndo réi nhin ludt qua trong mét y 6, hinh dang hoc cau nio — ban 06 nho duge ti, hong; va c6 nhan ra trang sich nay é Kin doc khéc khéng?Nhu ching ta déu biét, chiing ta c6 tiép thu théng tin, nghi ngé su that nay, hay ci nght vé nhung gi ma mét ban nhan ngay tie khifc khi ban lai xe quanh mét khiic ngo§t con during mili: xe hoi, xe tai lign tye tién vé phia ban, nhiéu chige di chuyén cing hudmg; hang chyc trigu cay hang nghin nha cla, chim muéng, stic vat. Tat ca nhing inh ay déu duge tigp thu chi trong mét phin nhé ciia Hay nghi xem, néu so sinh thi vai ti tren trang gigy ft di chimg nao — ban cé thé’ lim duge diéu 46! Cie ky ning sp hoc s& gitip ban lim quen véi dung hudng din thi gidc 6 cp d6 nang cao. Ban sé c6 thé nghi¢m véi nhing chuyén dng doc ning cao lién quan tém nin ngoai vi cia ban theo chiéu doc va chiéu ngang, ‘Siéu hudng dan — Cac ky thuat Nhimg ky thuat ngogi vi cing tim nhin mé rng cia ban, va khi ning Anh oye nhanh cia hé thong mét/nao. Lie d4u, ban nén thyc hinh tht nhanb toin b6 ky niy, gin nhu khong quan tam én vige higu ndi dung, luygn tap ngay véi cdc téc 46 binh thang méi dat di ban, Theo cich vita néu, nio sé quen véi téc dé cao. phép khdi du tot nhét thuemg la sit dung nhimg ky th 6i véirchc noi dung da doc — nghia la mot cng di vide: 6n Iai nhimg gi di doc déng thoi “lim néng” he mit/nio cho cng vic tiép theo. Sau khi doc xong chi ban hay thuc hanh tat cd cic ky thuat siéu hudmg dan dé di dung da doc. Cé ging thye ign v5i tée d6 mi day ban lén mite t6i da. moi 1 © Duong quét dong 461 Pudng quét dong doi (xem hink 10a, wang 127) cing giéng hu ky thuat ban dau ma ban ding dé hudng din mit. Diém hic biét duy nbat la ban ludn tigp thu hai dong mot luyt. Muén lam ding bai tap niy, ban cin chuyén dich vat huong din cia minh thét déu din va nhe nhang dudi hai dong, nhac vat hung din ra khdi trang giy khoing lem 6 lin quay vé du dong, réi lai chuyén dich né déu din dui hai dong tip theo. Dung quét déng doi la phuong php tuyét vdi dé giip ndo quen véi vige sir dyng tim nhin theo chiéu dgc va chiéu ngang. Diéu niy dé ding hon ban tuwimg rit nhiéu, va cé nhiéu nén van héa diing chiéu doc lim tim nhin co bin. Vi du, hing nghin nim qua, nguoi Nhat va ngudi ‘Trung Qudc da ding tim nhin theo chiéu doc thay vi tim nhin theo chi¢u ngang. Tuvng ty nhu vay, do nhu cdu, nhac st cing két hop tim thin theo chiéu doc véi tim nhin theo chiéu ngang khi doc thac, Néu da biét doc nhac, ban cé thé 4p dung ky ning sin © ciia minh 4é doc theo duimg quét dong doi. 2 © Butng quét bién thién Duong quét bien thién (xem hinh 10b, trang 127) cang tuong twnhw duomg quét dong ddi, chi khéc la né cho phép ban tig thu: mot lic nhidu dong theo kha ning ciia ban. Nhimg nguii oc nhanh cé higu qua cao thudmg tip thu ti hai dén tim Mong theo méi duemg quet 8 © Doc “nguye”— Dung quot nguye “nguge” (xem hinh 10c, trang 127) 6 wm diém 1a cho Kp ban tue khée ting gip Ai t6c dé doc bing cich ding ‘quét nguye dé tig thu thong tin thay vi chi dom thudn a Iai diu.dang ke tiép.Ban ndi: “C&i gl? Dimg o6 khoi hai nhu thé’ — doc ng chi @€ lgi mot mé lon xn nhing tit v6 nghia trong dau Doc nguge dé hon ban nghi, Da sao thi cing 6 nhieu ng van héa thich doc tir phai sang trai, nh Argp va Do Thai, Tuy nb én, 46 chua phii Ia tat, Bi quyét ciia doe ny nim 6 ché la thue ra, ban Ahéng doc nguyc! Néu tgp d nim hoie stu tik & méi quang ngimg, diéu ma hign gie lim duge mét eich thoai mdi, thi noi dung ban thay tro méi quing nging ay déu nim ding trt ty. Nhu vay, vé bin, doc nguge eng gidng nhu dgc binh thing, Nao ban chi lim them mot vigc la sfp xép cdc tap hop nghia diing trat tu, tuong tu trd choi ghép hinh, Nao ludn lam vi niy khi doc, di theo cich nio di na, nhu trong cau § “Nhimg ngudi tin ring 6 thé doc véi tée 46 binh thud trén 1,000 tit mdi phit 1a dling.” Khi doc ciu nay, no moi théng tin trong tinh trang “chd di” cho én khi nd duge théng tin cudi cing lim cic thong tin khée 06 nj Trong ¢gc nguge, quy trinh cing ging nhu vay. Ban sé doc nguye dé dén mifc lim ban ngac nhién vi mang lat qua cao. Dudng quét nguge cing sit dyng nhimg chuyén dng gidng hét duemg quét dang doi va durmg quét bién thién, hic Ii Fam ngueye lai (xem trang 127). Cée chuyén Ong huéng dn thj gide nang cao Duong cé hinh cha “S", dmg 6 hinh cha chi, dudmg hinh théng long, during gon séng theo chiéu doc va di che *S" lu nhau theo géc 6 khic nhau. déu 06 thé duge thye hign véi cic tée a6. BRAT, cic cryén dra rg thn 0 Retire ca. em mong 13008 1-18. Picea BP Dasrecs rien ox cv TEES inh thing ong7 {Eup a Ame 9.08 v1 Aer$40 ne THONG TIN A rain ed 7 a MGI vidas 108 Fuca J se ie tae cust rhe ppg __ uc ho 3p Kien Talc saa | ing exo dy Bing Vil. $0.88 Tad cin phn 4.E ‘mdi trang. Nhung néu dé tip luyén, doc téng quit, doc trude chi Ky thugt hung din kép, theo 4 mot ngén tay hoc ngdn Ji vige doe chuyén sau, ban c6 thé cin dén 30 gidy m va doc 6n Iai thi mtic toi da Ia 10 giay méi trang cai xudi theo Ié ti on vat huéng din thi giée xudi theo 1é phii, dic bigt hau dung cho vige doc trong hoc tap, va ob thé thay ddi bing cach bién déi chuyén dgng hung dan thi gidc én trai hofc bén phai thanh duémg gon séng theo chiéu doc, 4 © Dudng c6 hinh chit ‘S” Ky thuat hinh cha “S" (xem hink 11a, rang 131) két hop durmg quét xudi va nguge, e6 thé dupe ding lam dung quét ding don, dung quét ding doi hay duemg quét bign thién. § © Dutng cé hinh cha chi Dudng 6 hinh chit chi (xem hink 116, trang 131) la ky thuat sieu huving din cao cp sit dung toin bo trudmg nhin ngoai vi cia ban Trong ky thuat nay, ban nhe nhing chuyén dich vat huimg yong nhé bing W kim 6 gin Ié, r6i lai quét nguye xudng theo dudng chéo, Hho ra m6t vong nhé khac 6 1é déi dign va ct tiép tuc nhu thé tho dén cudi trang. din theo dung chéo xudng vai ding, tao mot Ky thuat dudng od hinh che chi va nhimg ky thugt khac eu 5 thé due kéo dai hoc rit ngin theo chiéu ngang, cho Phép ban dich chuyén vat hudng din thing dén hai bén 1é khi Sin, hose co lai trong pham vi hai phan ba gita trang gidy. Dieu a6 gidp tim nhin ngoai vi theo chiéu ngang ciia ban tiép Bhu duoc thong tin & gin hai ben lé6 © Duong o6 hinh thing long Bung nay (xem hink 1c, trang 131) cing cé hinh dang gi hu dug chit chi, chi khéc la 16 kim nhé bay gid trd th mét ving vin bin lén c6 thé duge tiép thu bing mét q nging theo tiéu diém mém. Dudng c¢ hinh thong long la ky thuat dc bigt nbip nk duye nhiéu ngudi doc nhanh o6 higu qua cao wa thich. 9 © Dutng chat “S" Ludi pudng che “S” ludi (xem hink 11f, trang 132) két hp che yeu sé cia during hinh cht “S’ og bin, duing hin ch chi va fiuing gon séng theo chi¢u doc. Vi thé, cd thé xem day 1h phen bin lin hom cia mai dang. ky thudt dung cha “S” ludi chi yéu cau ban vach mot loat cht “S” binh thug va chit “S” nguge doc xuéng trang sich, [M6i trang thudng dugc doc xong véi n’im chuyén dong theo hiéu ngang hoc hoi theo chiéu doc mt chit. 7 © Budng gn séng theo chiéu doc Dung gon sing theo chiéu doc (xem hink 11d, trang 13; mot ky thuat thuemg khién nhimg ngwi thigu hiéu biét ring ngudi doc nhanh “doc xudng gita trang sich” during thing, That sy thi mit cia ngudi oc nhan hi cic dutmg gom séng nhip nhing, 06 chuyén dich sang tr phai mét chiit, réi xuéng phan gitta trang sich, Nhw dudng gon séng theo chigu doc la mét ky thuat If y két hop doc “xuéi” véi “nguac”, déng thai cho phép sted tam nhin ngoai vi theo chiéu ngang va chiéu doc dén mi da. ‘cic ky thuat siéu huéng din néi trén Cé thé ching nhimg ky thuat néi trén dé doe trusse ch dig; gc luit, doc dd; doc téng quit; lam bai tip nhim ting tée 46 doc, phit trign tam nhin ngoai vi, “rén luygn” mat téng quit; va, doc binh thudng nhur nhimg ngudi doc nhanh 6 higu qua what nhan thay tha nhat vé cich ding ky Mét trong cfc ciu chuy mét phy nit 35 tudi, hoc thuat sigu hung din lién quan & sign trong khéa Day Boc Nhanh cita tdi, Khéa hoc nay bao gm tim bai hoc, mdi tuin mot bai, mdi bai dai ba gid. 8 © Hudng din kép Hug din kép, hay ky thuat hai lé (xem hinh Le, rang J bao gém vigc str dung hai vat huéng din, thuéng la mét tay hoic ngén cfi &:mét bén, va ben kia la vat hudng df ban, chuyén dich cic vat hudmg din nhip nhing véi theo hai Ié trang sich, trong khi mit doc ngéu nghién t tin & gita. Khi hoc bai vé ky thuat siéu hung din, lép phii ding fdwimg thong long, duemg gom sing theo chiéu doc hoe thing chit “S” lwdi dé lam ky thuat doc trude siéu nhanh vé sie chi diém ciia mgt cudn tiéu thuyét trong théi gian nim phi. Neudi phy nit néu trén a4 roi 6p vdi ndi bye doc, cho bigt ring mic di ding vat huéng dan trén timg trang sich Tthimg khéng cd thong tin nao di vio du chi cd, va chi “ching thiy phuong phip niy hay & ché na Ky thugt nay tuy@t vdi & chd no 6 thé ra enh ch hung phai di. Néu di xac lap cdc myc tigu téng qui vige doc, tim nhin mé réng cia ban sé tim duye thény Khéng cin phai bét mét chit muc vao nhimg ving dé B6 nio sé xit If cho ban.Trong bai hoc 6 tuin ké tigp, cudn tiéu thuyét néi duge sit dung cho mét bai tip ma trong dé hoe vién diing bit kj ky thujt hug din nio dé 3 mic doc hi Chi hoc vin duye dé cap & ten da chon durmg che % ban r6i bit diu Lim bai 15 phut cing nhimg hoc vién Sau mim phiit, bau khong khi yén ling tap trung ciia I6 pha v6 boi mét tiéng la lén! Chi hoc vien nay het lens | biet réi! Toi biet réi! Toi biét 16: Chi ké lai ring khi da quen véi vat hung din, néi cudin sich dot nhién ty phoi bay trong déu chi nhu cudin ma chj da xem mot lin va bay gié’ xem lai Kin thie hai Sy that 18 nao cia chi d& chup anh toin b6 cudn sich, 16 6 mOt noi mio dé séu trong vé nio thi gidc va tm mé rong trong diu chi. Khi bj kich thich lén nda, mi thém dinh Iai théng tin réi chuyén giao cho chi, ‘Trong bai tap & phin Nhimg vige cd thuc hién cud nay, ban s® duge cung cap mét sé phwong phap thuc ti If thi dé hinh thinh cic ky thujt doc méi cting nhuet 49 doc, [Bai tap 2 vé tam nhin Cac bai tap s6 dudi day sé gitip ban phit trién cim nl tim nin theo chiéu doc va chiéu ngang cia ban. Vily do méi nh6m s6 déu nim trén hai ding. Mé mdi khoi go 8@ ra, trong théi gian chi dii cho ban nhin that nhanh, va hai. Bign nhig gi ban nghi la minh thay vio dng cho kiém tra. Sau khi da thuc hinh mot vai nhhom 36 trong bai nay, ban hay chuyén sang Bai tw kiém tra 4. Trude khi ban hay chon phuong phip sién hug din ua thich, nang cche mite dng cova nh aén kj luc doc nhanh cia rigng’ tinh dén thoi diém hign tai!Bay gid, ban da sin sang cho Bai ne kiém ara 4. Khi kiém tra niy, ban hay nhé tigp thu cic cum tt én “ngym thi giéc”, ding vat hudng din hé tro, va dit cud xi mit dé 6 thé sir dung tim nhin ngoai vi cl ning “Age bing no” cila ban. ; kiém tra 4: Ching ta c6 don déc trong vi tru thai tri tué ngoai dia cau Tac gid: Tony Bucan [Bai duct day dupe viét vdo ndm 1992.] ‘Tir nim 1960, da cé ft nbit 80 cong trinh tim kiém hinh thai tri tué trén nig hinh tinh khic trong vd tru, Tit c& che efng trinh nay déu e6 quy m6 nhé dén mac that bai gén nhur Ja diu tat yéu. Hign nay, NASA da bit dau tim kiém bang shang trang thiét bj hin dai hiéa hen mang lai higu qua cao gp mut trigu Hin so y6i bat ky cong trinh nio trude day. Voi su tap trung tri tué cila con ngudi va may vi tinh dé tim kim hinh thi tri tug ngoai dia chu trén quy mé ngiy ang rong én nhu thé, mét s6 nha khoa hoc diy bao ring ching ta sé tim ra trusse khi thé ky méi bit dau. Vio diing ngiy, gid, phiit cia Ié kj nigm thutmg nién lan thir 500 Sy kign Columbus phat hign chau My, lodi ngudi da tig hinh nd luc lm hit tir trudge dén nay dé khim phi khong chi cic thé gidi méi ma quan trong hon li nhtmg hinh thai tri tug méi. Vao hic 3 gid chidu (gid Pai Tay Dumg) ngay 12 thing 10 nim 1992, nhimg nha thién vin 6 Arecibo vi Puerto Rico da Khai dong kinh vién vong v6 tuyén manh nbit ti trude toi hay. Cling thai diém nay, céc nha thién vin khie eng khéi déng kinh vin vong thir hai tai Tram Thim sit Goldstone ‘gin Barstow thudc bang California, Hon 100 nha vat If hoc, thign van hoc, lap trinh vién, ky thuat vién hign dang migt Mii theo dai nhing bing diéu khién véi sy nén néng mong hd trong khi cfc siéu méy vi tinh dang Hing nghe hing trigu Kénh v6 tuyén, dd tim bit ky tin higu nio mang dau vét cila “SY SOng théng minh A€ xc quyét diéu ma da so nba thién vin tin tir lau: ching ta khong don Adc trong va tru.Mot dur én t@n SETI (Search for Extra-Terrestrial gence (Tim hig hinh thdi ori tue ngoai dia caw)) c6 kit 100 trigu do la la dyy 4n chinh thire ctia NASA, vi kéo hit cho dén nim 2000 véi hy vong Kham phé cic s tuyén do nhig sinh vat théng minh phat ra: cfc sng. thé aa bat du chuyén hank trinh cia ching huvng vé dia y6i tc a6 nh sing méi tir hom qua hoc o6 thé tl mm nam trude. Dy in SETI da vung xa né luc lon nit cia chiing ta day trong viéc tim kiém hinh théi tri tug ngoai dia clu do thién vin Frank Drake khéi xuring vio nim 1974. dling kinh vign vong v6 tuyén Arecibo, c6 cBng sua hit vio thai d6 18 20 ngin tf watt, 4€ géi di mot théng duge mi héa hudng vé nhém sao Jén trong chm Hert ich ching ta khodng 24.000 nim nh sing. LL loai bai kiém tra chi 66 1Q trong va tru, théng dligp due Drake trinh biy lan dau tien voi nha thién van Sagan — mét trong nhiing ngudi dé lot vio vong chung Gidi BO ndo cia Nam vio nim trudc — trong buéi an Cau lac bé Khoa cia trudng Dai hoc Cornell. Theo Sagan hiéu phén lin noi dung ela thong digp ny trong, gian khé nhanh. N@i dung oia thong digp, theo thi tw tr trén xudng, 1. Hé dém ni phan. 2. Che phin ti cn thit cho su sng tren tri dit, 3. Che dng thic héa hoc ea ADN, chit di truyén hing ta. 4, S08 dang xodn kép cita phin tir ADN két thie 6 mét hinh ng. ° 10 ‘Anh.My. Tuy o6 cich hig Khe nhau, gi ee ion eo i i gt) ND) 5, So dd mat trdi véi 9 hanh tinh cia chiing ta (trai dat duoc ning lén dé cho thy noi ching ta dang sding) vi phin miéu ta mt kinh vin vong v6 tuyén dang phit di thong dip. Dy An SETI hign thoi rat lém vé quy mé va chinh xae vé ky thoit dén mie chi trong vang ba ngiy ching ta ed thé nghe uge nhiéu hom nhimg gi ching ta da nghe trong 22 nim qua, ké tir khi Drake bat dau cic cude thi nghi¢m so khdi cia minh sao nim 1970. Trong dy An méi nay, cudi cling s€ 06 ft nhat 6 kinh vién vong v6 tuyén thuring xuyén hoat dong trén toin thé gidi; chio ing ten tai Arecibo — o6 duximg kinh 0,3 km — 3 dunge ning cp dé tang a6 nhay len 300% cting ning phan mém cue manh duge thiét ké nhim giai ma tin higu. Drake, nim nay 62 tuéi, la gido sur thién van hoc ca trudng Dai hoc California 6 Santa Cruz, ddng thoi la Chii tich Vign SETI 6 Mountain View thugc bang California. Drake phat bi thiy khong o6 gi hip din hon ¥ tutmg cic thong digp v6 tuyén ti nbdng nén vin minh Ig trong khong gian ngay bay gid dang di xuyén qua nha cifa, vin phong lam vige cia ching ta nhu mot tiéng thi thim ma ching ta kh6ng thé nghe rd.” Nhiing con mat Kinh vign yong v6 tuyén Kim nhit thé gidi hoan toan khée véi 4c kinh vién vong quang hoc truyén thong do nhing nha thien van nghiép dur str dung, thm chi cing khée v6i cic kinh ign vong hinh Gng khéng 16 & nhing dai quan sat cling cic ‘gon ndi trén thé gidi nhur Palomar thugc bang California hay Mauna Kea é Hawaii. Kinh vién vong Arecibo la mét chio thom c6 duc 18 rong 304m due dit trong mot hé lon dudi ling dit. Phia trén chio 1a hing trim tin ing ten 6 thé d6i ing duye treo trén nhiing soi day cap noi véi cfc thép hé fro trén nhimg ngon @4i chung quanh: ti png in 151182 s Sch Day Dac Nt Sib ang dla 183 Voi thiet ké ging chio ang ten vé tinh truyén hinh, vign vong v6 tuyéa c6 thé tip hop moi séng vO tuyén vao né vé mot diém 6 trung tim. Tai day, tin higu sé Gi dén may thu dé xirly. Mat khoin Ién trong kinh phi néu trén dinh cho vige dtu tu thiét bj méy vi tinh thé’ hé méi nhim nang cao chit ugg thu va giai ma tin hieu. Che b6 ndo khéng 16 nay sé “cim nhgn” nhimg lung thing tin v6 tuyén kh6ng 16 trong vil try trude Khi chiing di qua hing tigu kenh va duge sing loc a An v6i ngu quan st ing sau cic bg no nay 18 mot bd no o6 kh ning phi thudng: nhi vat ly Kent Cullers, vén bi mii bm sinh, chua bao gid thay duye cic tin higu v6 tuyén trén thiét bj hign thi dao dong dign, néi gi dén séng v6 tuytn tir nhimg vi sao. Niém dam mé va tru cia Callers bat ngudn tir nguéi cha Lite 5 tudi, ng dome cha doc cho nghe Sich ving Thién oan figc (The Golden Book of Astronomy). Cullers nhé Iyi: “Y tuong vé sur tn tai cde thé gidi khic dang cin khim ph da ich thich tri turing tirmg cia toi". Chinh tri tuémg tueng phi thaing cia Cullers 43 giip mang lai con mit cho trsi dat: Ong dem dén cho chuong trinh xt If tin higu ty dong cia minh kha ning ma tap chi Life goi la “con mit thir he thong nhan biét nbimg tin higu tri tue chua chic chin & dang Khong khic gi mét mé hdn loan. “Nhig con mét ciia trai dt” nay nhay dén mile, vio 1987, mot si¢u may vi tinh méi néi véi kinh vién vong. tuyén Goldstone 6 sa mac Mojave da dé ding phét hign higu 1 watt rat yéu ét phit ra tir may dé ca phi thy Pioneer 10 duoc phéng di ti trai dit vio mia dong 1972. O théi diém tin higu nay duge phat hién, phi th Pioneer da bay trong kh6ng gian dage 64 ty km! Kinh vién vong v6 tuyén dic biét hu dung trong viée kiém hinh thai tri tug ngoai dia cdu, béi song v6 tuyén do. vi sao phat ra khong én dinh va mang tinh ngau nhién, s6ng v6 tuyén ding cho nhimg hinh thie truyén théng tinh tri tug ludn to thinh cde dang thie dé phét hign man hinh ohu thiét bj hién thi dao dong di¢n. ¥ tung tim kiém nhimg séng phi ngiu nhién cho sy tdn tai cila hinh thai tr tué xuat hign lan dau tien vio. thip nién 1950 trong suy nghi cia Drake cing hai nha Giuseppe Cocconi va Philip Morrison & Dai hoc G én nim 1959, trong tap chi khoa hoc Nature, Coccot Morrison viét: “... khé ma ude doin duge kh’ ning. cong, nhumg néu chiing ta khéng bao gié tim kiém thi thinh céng sé 1a con s6 khéng.” “Trung diy an ciia NASA, gido su Jill Tarter cing tin (gidng thu cic déng nghigp cia minh) ring nhimg sy song thong minh khic oé tdn tai. Ba va déng nghiép 4x hinh dung ra mot Ging dng thién hi gdm céc nén vin minh tri tug cich qué xa hau nén kh6ng thé giao lu, xim chiém hay n thit lan nhau. Mot thong digp tir nén vin minh nao @é trong s6 nay, 43 duce 861 dén tréi dat ti nhidu trigu nim trade, khi nén vin minh, ‘iia ching ta chun tn tai, 06 thé sé dén ché ching ta bat ky nio. Chuyén gi sé xay ra néu dy én nay “gidi ma” duge cic i at kj tin higu nao thu duye déu Ta Mén hai nbét trong lich sit Voi nhing ai cdn hoai nghi tinh thue tién cba dy én Drake néu ro khoan kinh phi 135 trigu bing Anh dinh 4n nay chua bing 1/1.000 ngin quy thudng nién ciia Ni 15 ty bing Anh. Ong ndi: "Néu ban tinh toin két thinh cong thi cé Ie higu d6? Tarter néi: fay 18 mén hoi nhit trong lich184. Sich Day Doe Nan {i sin eiia nhian Joai, Ching duge géi dén hinh tinh dia ch khong phi NASA, Sau nhiéu thien nién kj tim hi nhan loai nén biét — ching ta khong dom dc.” Con nguti lam gidm hp Arthur C. Clarke, Higu truimg Danh dy truing Dai Khong gian Quéc té, tic gia cla cudn 2001 - Cup phi tong khong gian (2001 — A Space Odyssey), tin ring cudc tim kiém nhu trén c6 gid tri lén lao vé mit khoa dao dite. Trong tap chi Life, ong viet: Da thé nio di nt, vige phét hign ngoai dja cau sé thay 4éi vinh vién quan vé vi try, it nhat, né cing sé chimg minh ring tri mot gid tri song cdn nio dé, bat chap nhimg gi nhin thy trong chuong trinh tin tite buéi ti SETI tiéu biéu cho hinh thie thim hiém cao nhat kha ning ciia chiing ta; va khi ching ta nging thm ching ta sé kh6ng cdn la con nguéi. Nhung gia sit toan bd lip luin bénh vye cho SI khong c6 co sé, va su song théng minh chi xudt hi dia cau, Di nhién, sé khong thé chimg minh di¢u Juén c6 kha nang tén tai nhtng hinh thai tri tug khae’ i tim khio sit cia ching ta vai nim inh sing. nhién, néi sau nhigu thé kj Hing nghe va tim kiém nio chimg t8 c6 sw ton igoai dja cdu thi chiing ta cé quyén rng chiing ta c6 co sf 4@ nghi nhur thé. Va dé la kha ning dng sq nt. Chiing ta chi mét bat du § thie vé bén phan cia minh déi véi hinh fu: nhimg néu thit sw 18 ngudi thin hudng duy ‘v6i thién ha niy thi chiing ta cting phai la ngudi gidm ho né trong tuong lai. sou hing trigu nim sdng c6 dc, 6 thé chi trong mudi nim nia, tri tug con ngudi sé nhin ra ring minh nhing ngudi pan ddng hanh trong va try. Bay gid, hay ngimg déng hé bim gic Thoi lung: phiit Tip theo, hay tinh te 46 dgc ciia ban theo s6 tir mdi phiit (tmp) bing cich chia s6 tt trong dogn vin trén (1.495 ti) cho thdi gian doc (theo phi. Céng thie dge nhanh: j soit $6 ui moi phiit (tmp) = ES eian Sau khi tinh xong, hay dign két qua vio vj tr tmp 6 cudi doan niy va vio hai Biéu dé tien bé cia ban 6 trang 308-309. $6 tie mdi phhtit: men (Bai tkiém tra 4: Mute d6 tiép thu 1. Ti nam 1960, di 06 it nhat bao nhiéu céng, trinh tim kiém hinh théi tri tué trén nhing hinh tinh khic trong. vd tru? a. 60 Stunitig ala 1552. Lodi ngudi da tign hinh né lye Iém nhit tit rude dé ©. Hercules 4€ kha pha nhing hinh thai tri tug méi vio khi 7. Thong digp duge ma héa bao gém sor dd vé mat troi va chin hank tinh cia chting ta. tinh lin dau tien 8. Trong dy n méi, cud cling sé 06 it nhat bao nhiéu kinh . 18 kj nigm thudng nién lan thir 500 sy kign Col vién vong v6 tuyén thudng xuyén hoat dng trén toin phit hién chau My thé gii? d. khéng roi vao mgt ngay dic biét nio trong lich a. hai SETI la tit vigt tit oa Searching for Extra-Terni a Intellects (Tim kigim tri rug ngodi dia cd) ae d. tam. Di ). Kink vién vong Arecibo li mét chto nhém cé yc 6 NASA hign dang dé cic séng v6 tuyén 6 thé da duge dit trong mét hé In dui lng ait. Kinh vién oe ie trinh cia ching hung vé dia ciu véi vooeccky rice a altb? a. 304m (100 feet) b. 152m (500 feet) 228 m (750 feet) 304 m (1000 feet) a. t 1 trigu nim trade b, ti 100 trigu nim trude ©. til ty nim trude d. wht y nam trude 10. Kinh vign vong v6 tuy€n o6 thé tap hop vé mot diém & trung tam: a. 25% séng v6 tuyén cham vio nd Né luc Idm nhat cia ching ta truve diy trong kiém cic hinh théi tri tué ngodi dja cdu vio nim, duge khdi xuég béi a. Frank Drake 1. Carl Sagan ‘Téng théng Kennedy b. 50% sing v6 tuyén cham vo né ©. 75% séng v6 tuyén cham vio né d. moi s6ng v6 tuyén cham vao né d. Mensa 11. Song v6 tuyén do cde vi sao phat ra: a. khéng én dinh vi mang tinh ngiu nhién b. khéng én dinh va phi ng’u nhien ©. phi ngiu nhién va kho Vao nim 1974, con ngudi da cé ging géi di mot igp duge ma héa hung vé nhém sao Iém trong a. Méc tinh b. Orion 4. 6n dinh va phi ngiw nhiénDing sau cic b6 nao cia dy dn SETI 1a mét bé6 mi hd ning phi thuemg vi a. ngutii nay c6 chi so1Q cao nhit thé gigi sir dung ky thugt siéu huvmg din sé Tam tang hieu qui ‘vat hudng din. Cac ky thugt siéu hing din chinh la: + During qué dng Aoi b. gue nay lic dd khong quan tim dén thin vin ©. nguvdi nay bi ma bém sinh dd, nguoi nay hie du la bac st . Get bien hie 13, Nhan vt no duge miéu ti la da gip mang Iai con + Doe “ngage” — Bung quét nguge cho trai dat? = Dudng o6 hinh chit *S” a. Frank Drake + During 06 hinh chit chi b. Kent Cullers | + During oé hinh théng long Jill Tarter |» During gon song theo chiéu doc 1. Galileo | + Huvng din kép {. Gido su Jil Tarter hy vong nhumg khéng tin ring I ye su s6ng thong minh khac c6 tén tai, Dun >. Arthur C, Clarke néi: “SETI ti@u biéu cho hinh thim hiém cao nhat trong khi ning ciia ching ta; va 1. Thue hinh yéi méi ky thuat siéu hurimg dn trén it nhit trong nim phat, thay d6i tée do va mite 46 tip thu hi oc. Bay li khong thé# gian cin thiét cho no quen v6 ‘ky thuat duge ép dung. 2. Sau burée nay, hay chon ba ky thujt siéu hudmg dan ma ban ua thich réi thue hanh véi ching, Trong tat cd cic bai tap ny, ban nén thye hinh véi nhing noi dung da doc, nh thé st d& thich img véi théi quen méi hon. Vige thug xuyén On Iai Sach Day Doc Nhank s® gitip ban vita thye hinh cic ky thuat méi va 6n lai nhimg chiing ta nging thim hiém, ching ta sé khong Déi chiéu céc cau tra 16 cila ban véi dap &n 6 trang 305 Sau d6, chia diém s6 dat duge cho 15 réi nhin véi 100 4& mie 49 ép thu eta ban theo t¥ 1é phan tram. Diém vé mie 6 tig thu tren 15 Bay gid, dign diém cia ban vio hai Biéu dé tién 66 & 308-309. 5. Lay mot s6 bai doe dai mim phit va bit du doe dé hiéu noi dung, ching kj thuat siéu hung dn ma ban wa thich 16i ting din we @@ doc sa0 cho sau 5 phiit ban &6 mie a5 tgp thu tir 5 da 10%. Bai tap may cho phép ban “Ade lap tic chign’” khi mit da quen v6i cic t6e 6 cao hom.4, The hinh nhing ky thugt sigu hurimg din véi che hic nhau, Nhiéw ngudi rit nga nhién khi z 2 ing Iie dgc 6 t&c 46 chim, ho gin nhw Phat trien nnhumg khi doc & nhimg nhip digu nhat dinh no. eye ai : bat ngéy hiéu noi dung r6 dén mite ky digu. cac ky nang doc lust va doc do 6 cap dé nang cao = Doc dd » Doc lust Cée kj thuft sidu hung din ban da hoe & chet niy s8 = Tom tat ‘hit ich véi vige hinh thanh nhing kj ning ma ban sp hoe: = Nhimg viée cin thyc hién ee = Bai tap 3 vé tam nhin 6 nding cao. a 5 thudt i pci dah brpscuebnn hy 1 ay mung ie at da ep ning seo php Bn ft i Iagp cde ky thudt sigu hung din ef higu qua wi sf chi trong dic bigt vé trang thai tinh thin - cdch bp ni of thé ty chon tride thing tin cho n6. Chung 9 néu r8 nhitng diém khée biet gida oe db vit de lt, ddng thoi cung ep bai tgp vé tém shin nim di thich khdi nigm doe db cing nhu nang cao kha nang doc dd che ban. Doc do 1a khi mt ban ludt qua ndi dung dé bit mét théng tin ‘ic bigt ma nao dang tim kiém. Quy trinh nay dom giin hon oc Inet, vi thutmg duge 4p dung hi ban tra tir trong tir ‘ign, tén/s6 dién thoai trong danh ba, ho§c thong tin dc biettrong sich gito khoa/bio céo. Vige 4p dung ky thuat dg rat dom giin vi ban chi cin biét bé cyc co bin cla tii dang doc. Diu niy gip ban tiét kigm duge luong thai g ma nhiéu ngudi phii mat khi doc long ving quanh phan khéng thich hop a tim thong tin can thidt Téng thong Theodore Roosevelt Ii mét ngudi doc mh ndi ting vé khi ning hiéu nhiéw hom ngudi cing Dickens Ii mot trong céc tie gid mi Roosevelt yéu th nhumg vi tng théng nay van 4p dung kj thugt doc dé ki tiéu thuyét cia Dickens. Trong l& thu g6i cho cju con Kermit cia minh, Téng thdng viét: “Dickens luén lim quan tam khi nghi lim thé’ no mi gin nhw tron cudh #i thuyét déu pha lin dii moi chi tit tap nham, ré tin (..)¢ hay nha 1a bé qua nhimg chi tiét King nhing mich qué, tye va gid tao dy dé thuing thiic phin dn lai!” ‘Tham dé la ky ning ty nhién, Ban Iuén lim vige nay t euge song thurmg ngiy khi du lich ti *a” dé “b": thim moi truvng dé biét phuong huxmg, thie in, con ngudi, mi hiém nguy va nhimg digu If thi. Trong vige doc, ded |i ky ning duye phat trién nhanh chéng nho vio thye Cac bai tap vé tim nhin cudi chuong nay cng nhu thd tin 6 churong 19 vé Ky thudt Hoc tdp theo Quan hé Hlitu co a Sa dé Tw duy (trang 252) sé gitip ban theo hunimg dé, Doc lit phic tap hem doc d8 va cing tuomg tenhue nhting ky thuit doc trude chi diém sé duge bin dén trong cic chuong sou. C6 thé din nghia doc hit nur lt quy trinh mi mit bao quit nhimg phin duoc chon trude cia tai ligu a8 e6 mot ca nhin Ong quan vé tai lieu 46. Muc dich chit yéu ciia doc ludt 1a tao ra mot két cau co bin dé cé thé stp xép “gach va via", Tién si Nila Banton Smith thug Vign Doc trudng Bai hoc New York da dua ra mot suo sinh tuyét vai vé doc luét, Dudi tua dé “Ban cting of thé ludt di nhu chim én” (Scoallocos Skim ~ So Can You!), ba viet: Chim én luét nhanh trén khéng trung, bat va Jn cOn tring trong khi v8 cinh @y co thé di. Tham chi n6 edn udng nue khi Iudt qua cic con sudi, song hd, hép lay nhimg gt music vio md ma Khong nging bay. Sinh vat da ming niy khng cin ngimg Iai ma cing ching phai ging stic khi bat mét con cin triing ndo dé hay bay qua ao hé. C6 thé so sinh cach chim én hudt di dé in va udng voi phuong phép mi ngwdi doc tt sit dung dé lust qua cic trang sich, tp thu théng tin cin thiét khi “bay”. Voi ow hung din vé cich thye han, ngudi doc o5 thé td nén théng thao trong vige “bit” nhing thong tin minh cn Khi “dang bay”. Hinh thite dgc niy da giip cho mét sé ngudi dat mic 1.000 tir méi phut va cé kha ning néi lai dai ¥ noi dung &3 doc. BF: Doc d 18 ay rah tim she tn de big 2. Doc huit li quy trink tim edi mhin ting quan.3, Da s6 ngudi doc nhanh déu sit dung oi hai ky 4, C6 thé tang them higu qué cia méi ky ning cich sir dung ky thudt seu huxing din é cp 46 1, Dinh mudi phit €ge-d&: mot cunt ign dé tah ban bigt vA hich nhumg khdng thé inh xe. 2. Thy hinh cle ky ning doe da vk doc Init wt ban doc ngay ti bay gid. Bai tap 3 vé tam nhin 3. Hoan chinh bai tap vé doc dé 6 trang 165-170. Mai bao gém nhi¢u day s6, Sé dau tien trong mdi day hign lin thir hai 6 mét vi tri nio dé trong diy nay va phai phat hign cing nhanh cing tét. Bat déu tinh | gian, V6i but chi trong tay, ban hay nhanh chéng du kiém vao sd trong day tuong tmg véi sé 6 cot trai. Khi di hoin thinh tat ci cic day trong trang, ghi théi gian vio ché cho sin bén dui. BAi tap vé tim nin o6 6 khé tang din vi cc s6 16m va gin gidng nhau hon sé dan xuat hign. Luyén theo nay, ban sé mé rong tim nhin cla “con mit trong hor d6 phat trién duoc ci hai ky ning doc lust va do. 5. Ban o6 thé lim bai tap ny theo timg “phin” nh het m@t lupt néu thich. Khi lam bii tp, ban cing bén cing tot, vi thé, cin bio dim li mit aia ban “tinh” va dng co lim vige phii cao.SB 783 331 320 446 355 2s 36 222 BI 242 568 022 228 647 190 ™ 97 203 387 257 279 304, 194, 546 54a 232 113 674, 242 766 an 728 665 190 us 630 023 366 763 873 431 392 555 335 124 335 22 377 413 568 022 2 a7 919 m2 963 021 564 5B 783 331 194 446 355, 214 555 322 377 215 676 103 223 662 892, 718 627 203 357 528 434 031 320 676 346 332 35 122 674 413 658 m m3 465 982 nz 967 221 766 i op ep ag cx 654 863 575.277 765-333 492-40 466.235 555 436 13239 436535 213.125 164 737 2413 578 652 202 122 278 228 447467 199 820 12178 370 927 211202 537 636 ‘Thai gian ......dehy og as 169BO nado mang tinh tudng déiclaban | [ Tang t6c 46 bang phuong phap mdi ’ Ren luyén voi dung cy dém nhip + BO ndo mang tinh tuong 61 clla ban «+ Phuong phap ren luyén véi dung ey dém nhip + Nhimg vige edn thuc ign + Bai ty kiém tra 5 cOng mic do tiép thu $pndo a ban 18 mt eo quan mang tinh tng divi 6 thé quen vi eée din mie dupe gia ting, Phuong phi doe va ren luyén bang dung ey ém nhip cho phép ban duy tri va ning cao tite 46 doe cia minh, Cée KY nang doe Luft va doe di. ban vita hge rit ly tating €@ ‘rao trang thai ma nhiing van dong vién Olympic goi la 10 mang tinh tuong 46i cia ban di (zone. Chung ‘i weer le oe ee a Lerkeanbs, Gi si ban dang Ii xe trén xa 16 vt te 6 100 dmg, eo en ee mt ngusi ban dot nhien by tay che dng bé 16e dla ri yeu ciu ban gidm tc 4 xudng cdn 20 dim/gid thi ban nghi tinh sé “gli” cdn bao nhiéu khi ndi: “20 dim/gio ri ds"?Phan lén moi ngudi déu wie doan téc 46 46 nim t ee A mc 40-60 dim/gid. Ho da doan ding, $é di c6 chuyén ngé ngin nhur vay 1a vi nao di quer dinh mic méi, va bat dau so sinh moi kinh nghiém véi ha nang thich img phi thudng ca mio v6i dink méi hign dang duoc khai thic trong nhiéw Tinh vue, luyén tap a thi déu tai Thé Van Hoi. Da c6 truong hop: van dong vien dién kinh durge git chit vio mot méy tap bling dat ning. Méy duge ting tc dn dén Khi wut qua @@ nhanh nha cia ho; va ho dime khuyén khich tip) Dai ning cho ho cam’ ban mite de huyén igng chan theo te 4 mdi an toin. Sau nhiéu lin tap luygn nhur thé, nhiéu van dong 1 ds ph Ij luc trude dy cia minh, vibe thdng ndo/co the ho di quen véi dink méc méi, nhanh hon. Phirong phap rén luyén voi dung cu dém nhip Tinh chit tung @éi cia nfo cin duye dp dung dé nang t6c d6 doc cia ban bing dung cy dém nhip —loai dung thé duge sit dung theo nhigu cich. Ban cé thé bat dau ‘mi nhip g6 tng véi mgt lin lust theo dng cht ei tao nén réi duy 1 hug din, Theo cich niy, ban sé nhip digu doc @éu dn, dn dinh, thong sudt, vA trinlt tinh trang thug thy late a4 age giam theo thei glam i cé tée AG doc “kha di”, ban 06 thé ting nhip gO ctl cu dém nhip len mét nhip mdi phiit, nhé 46 nang ca0 doe. Ung dung quan trong thit hai cta dung cu dém nhip 181 ‘gc nhanh tuong a, Theo phuomg phap nay, ban dé @ me thit nhanh nhim tp A dink mic méi rit cao. Kid ban “tu vem [en” bing cich thi ca dung cu dém ni théng mit/ndo quen luygn vita néu cho phép inh mie méi rit cao, Sau 46, bs én i io trang binh trav day cia ban! phin Nhimg viée edn n mot loat bai tap huéng dén muc tiéu _Nhiing vige ebm thye hién rong cic bai tap sau, hiy “Gin nio thich hgp nbat v6i ban. jan c6 thé ha thép xuéng ve schgm’ thodi mai ma vin nban gp 40; s0 w6t te thue hién dudi day sé cung cap cho téc a6 nhanh va mic hiéu cao! diing bat ct ky thuat siéu hudng, Doc binh thug trong 5 phiit mat cud sich ma ban s& eb th ip yo a dng. Gi st bi pi vo Bid dP sign bd ca ban & trang 308-309. Diing bit kj sich nio (loa dE doe) ban chon, cuén sich ma ban quan tam. Nhdm dén muc tieu tgp thu én nhé ring bai tap nay chi yeu hi Him bai tp, bam phii tie te duge 6 trén. ange phit & te a nbanh bom a, Thye hinh-dge trong a 100 tmp 20 vi ide d@ doc bin thing cao nit a t6t nhat 1a cang nhiéu cing t6t, nhung 4é rén luygn t6c 46. doc tir vi tri di dat ban. bs The hinh-doc nhanh hom 100 tmp s0 voi a. <.Thye hinh-dgc nhanh hon 100 tmp s0 v4 b. 44, Thue hinh-dge nhanh hon 100 tmp so v6i c. «Thye hinh-doe nhanh hom 100 tmp so v6i d 6 Bar thaee hamh 1 vé 10e 46 nhanh (trang 174)- {. Thye hanh-dgc hiéu trong mot phite tir vi tri da dat ane 6 cudhe. Tinh va gh tmp vio Bid dd teh Bt ‘cla ban.3. Bai thuc hanh 1 yé téc 46 nhanh a. Ding bat ky sich nio dé doc. Bit dau tit p dau cila chong, b. Thue hinh-doe véi vat hung din mot luyt 6 tée 46 147 shidu la 2,000 tmp tro phat. Dinh dit diém nging. ©. Doc lai dé dinh dau trong bén phiit, 4, Dee lai dé danh dau trong ba phit. ©. Bae lai dé dinh da trong hai phi. f. Doctidp tir ché dinh du dé c6 cing mite d6 t nhu 6b trong nim phiit, 8 Doc dé 06 mite 49 tiép thu binh thug phiit. Ghi s6 tmp vio Bide dé tién bj cia 4. Bai thuc hinh 2 vé téc 46 nhanh a. Ding bat k) sich nio dé doc. Bat du ti ph _ 9. Thue hinh cing nhanb cing tét trong mét phiit, dmg ban tam dén mic d6 tigp thu. b. Doc hiéu — mgt phat. c. Tinh va ghi s6 tmp vao Biéu dé tién b6 cia ban. Lap lai bai tap theo thdi gian cho phép. 1y khi da hoan thinh m@t s6 bai tap trén theo Phumg php ‘pin layer vi dung cu dém nhip, ban hay doc ngay Bai tw kim 5. Trude khi bit diu doc that sy, o6 thé li mot ¥ hay néw doc nhanh toan bé bai ty kiém tra nay theo kiéu “chay rit v6i dung eu dém mhip” bing hinh thie doc lurét va pe do, dinh 2 giay cho mdi trang. Khi bit dau doc that su, chén JA nao cia ban a4 duge chudn bi tét dé tigp thu them théng tin vé nhing gi ban 43 cim nhan duge trong phin chay nude rit v6i dung cu dém nhip”. du cla b. Doc dd trong mot phat, ding vat huimg din _ (BRP iin tra 5: BO nao cia tré so sinh Dinh bn gity cho mai trang, Te pd: Tin Soo Whiting © Thye hinh-doc tt ddu véi tée a9 toi thigu Ia Sy phit tridn ban du cia b6 no tré so sinh 1a thoi kj hoat tm) f an 4 Dee _ eo Ong thin kinh rit manh ki céc tbo nfo due kétnéi naw Se Se ae Gi matte 46 minh ligt. Ching bao gid qué sém aé nao bit aie, div hoc héi Tip cho mat chuyén dich trén cic mat ngang va do hug chéo tir ben trai phia trén dén bén phdi phia 61 tt bén phai phia trén dén ben trdi phia dud. ‘6c 6 len din theo ting ngiy. Bai tip niy c6 mye én mirc hoin thign va dang thie phit trién cla nto cing luyén cho déi mit cia ban hoat dong chinh xc Ehic hin, da so co quan khic, giai doan phat trign co bin Jap hon. 7 dure hoin thinh trong tir cung. Sx phat trién thém vé kich thunie 1a do phan chia té bao khi co thé ln lén, Nguge lai, bo io 06 day dia té bio trude Kkhi sinh — 6 1a lf do dau cia tré $0 sinh during nhir qua Iém so v6i phin con Iai cia co thé Céc giai doan phat trién cia nao (Brain Spurts) co quan nao khic dé dat Bo nao cin thoi gian lau hon bat Tap lat 100 trang sich véi tée d6 khoing 2 gi wang ‘trang, chuy€n dich mit rit nhanh doc xudng t s (Tap hai luot, méi lugt hai phi.)Nhimg nghién ci trong mudi nim qua cing ching ct 43 06 truse day ring bé nao bit déu phit tri két ndi té bio khi cdn nim trong ti cung bing cich sir nhung tin higu ty phat. Khong tim tuan sau khi thu thai, doan phat trién thet nhat (first brain spurt) bit du (th “brain spurt” chi sw phat trién ngiy cing ting cia nfo) trong nim tuin tiép theo, phin én té bio thin kink thinh. Giai doan phit trién thir hai (second brain iu khoing mudi tuin truce khi sinh réi tiép tue khoing hai nim sau khi dda tré chio dai. Day Ia thé bio thin kinh hogt dong rat manb: céc két ndi de digu chinh, mé rong. Su gia ting két ndi nay lam nao trién rat nhanh, Khi tré méi sinh, nio chi ming bing trong luong cia nd hic trudng thanh; lic siu thing. trong lugng nay 1a 50%; lic hai tudi ruai 1a 75% va le tudi bb 90%. Lam quen véi thé gidi Nghién cima cho tha tré so sinh c phin ting tich cuc, 16: v6i giong néi con ngudi. Khi chiéu chim va xem ting hinh mt cudn phim tc 46 cao vé tré so sinh, ngudi ta nig ci chi nhd cla tré Aéng b6 véi cic giong ndi va dic trumg tir me (cha). Nhimg am thanh khéc véi gio con nguvyi Khéng lim tré cé phan tmg nhu thé, Digu nay. thay o6 mot sO ky ning ngén ngit duge tré hoc khi edn. trong bung me. Liic 4, tré nghe tigng tim ctia me ném gid c6 thé nhan biét duoc am thanh nay, va né 06 tic di anh. Nghién airu cia Tom Bower thuéc Dai hoc Edinl sy nhan thie cia tré so sinh cho thay tré cim nhan thé gi chiéu ngay tit ltic moi sinh. Ding kinh phan cuc dé mat vi phai thay cic hinh anh khic nhau, Bower tgo ra do gi pot vat cing truve mit tré va Ong thay ring ngay ci hing fré mdi sinh cling da tay ra d@ cham vio “vat” 6, nhumg Khi dhup v20 kho’ng khong thay vi vat ctimg, tre bat khéc. Diéu iy cho thiy ngay tric mdi sin, té 3 mong muda nhimg sit thy duge phi so m6 duge, chimg t8 e6 sw déng nbit don gin gia thi gide va xe gitc inh anh va 4m thank Cie cue thi nghigm khic tai Edinburgh efing cho thay hink gnh va am thanh duge két hop véi nhau, bing chimg Ta tré ay du v8 hung cd am thanh, A bigt I am thanh tt giong néi ngudi me. Ngodi ra, thi nghigm cn cho thiy tré sinh ra dh of khi ning nhan biét hong mii d& chju bode kh6 chiu va tiy theo 46 ma quay du vé hung nay hay hudmg khée. ‘Tré so sinh ctng o6 thé nhan biet khuén mgt cla mot ngudi. Robert Frantz, chuyén vign nghién ctu tai Dai hoc Western Reserve & Cleveland, da cho cic tré mt ngiy tui bit ke? xem hinh ca mot khudn mat, mgt con mat bd, gidy in bio hose vong trén nhiéu miu. Ong thay hinh mit ngudi nye tré ua thich nhit, da s6 ching nin binh nay nhiéu hon ning vat khic, Mark Johnson, thuje Dai hoc Carnegie Mellion, cting thue hign cic thf nghiém tuong ty vi tré méi chio di dugc muni phat va thay chiing thich hinh mt ngudi hom hin nhimg hinh bu duc trong hay hinh khudn mat e6 nét ve khong cin ximg. Theo Johnson, dliéu ny cho thy con rigudi duge sinh ra véi mot “miu” (template) od sin mang hinh khuén mit gidp ching ta nhan biét nguén cung cp thie in, hoi dm va sur che ché. Nhing tré so’ sinh nio duge ngudi hac néi chi yen nhu on ngudi, thay vi chi thi thi, sé o6 nhiéu co hot tiép thu nigén ngt hom. Mot moi truzmg ban dau thudn lei, Khi (cha) Me chi dng phat trién sy cm nhjn gidc quan ctia con minh,oc bo 7 5 én cba ndo chit khong 06 sin ngay 6 thé Iam cho sy phit trign ay nhan va dé ding hom, igo gia dogn phi trién cia nto ci b ae tirnim 1952, Aaron Stern da qui quyét ring Edith, trong gen cia chiing ta ee ee = Oe ee anh, sé phat trién tét hon néu 6 trong méi trudng o6 sy inh thinh trong b6 ei ne = i pitacsBin:05 thich chit déng. Vi vay, ngay tir hic Edith mdi sinh, St Ghiéng tin di truyén c6 sin see Ge puaachuan rnéi chuyén thit nhiéu véi con gai (khong phai theo I cho thiy co edu di truyén duve rae ch , cho con xem ci trong bung me va trong thé ky du nhi. nha 6 s6'va hinh dong vat. Ky thuat niy da duge v6 cha me khic diéu chink, 4p dung, wéi két qua rit kha qi tré so’ sinh), choi nhac 6 pdm sinh hay Do nudi dung (Nature vs Nurture) fi, can nhiéu céng nay s® mang phin néu trén 1 gid thuyét tuemg doi mé Ba dée, thang va bénh xe trinh nghign ctu phat trién va chimg minh Y : Jc tranh Tuan git Bém sinh va Do nuot Dé dinh gid sie tic dong cla moi trang gitu tie ml Iki cai nkin mdi vé cu vi sy phit trién cia bé nfo, Mark Rosenweig thude Dai duong a California 6 Berkeley 44 cho mt nhém chudt con song ‘Trong mot Tinh vyc nghién ei 6 higa thuyét, cong chigc Ing 06 nhiéu bo ddc, thang, banh xe, dung ha tinh khio ta va két luin, nhing phit hign vé tiém ning ota nhing vat kich thich Khic, Nhém chugt thir hai duge tré so sinh Khi duge kich thich diing cich st tigp tuc c6 tae trong Idng trong. Sau 105 ngiy, Rosenweig thiy b nao dung dong vin cic bac cha me. Anh bug quan trong cia nhiing con chudt duge nudi trong moi tring gidu tae ie nudi during tao co hai cho mei bac cha mg o6 thé chim 6 nhigu ket néi hon nhém 6 ching. Sé lugng té bio Kée con edi minh & mie t6t nbit, theo cach thich hap wi kh nhigu hon 15%, kich thude no-ron kin hon 15%, va ai nhit véi ho. trong nhit 6 1é 18 cae no-ron e6 nhiéu két néi hon vi no-ron kha Cho dai cé sin do di truyén hay do cac no-ron thyc hién Jkét ndi Khi tr@ cOn nim trong tit cung va trong nhing thing m tin vé kign thie nén ting von o6 sin trong @ quan trong du tien thi sy quan tam cha cing ta 6 v6 kh ( glen, Va cho di cha ngudi Li mau so chung ciia da phan cic cong trinh nghién ning tri tué cila tré so sinh cing dang tan ‘ sur phit trién no ciia tré so’ sink, khong chi vé mgt tofn ime ef tao didu kign cho siz phit trién tr tug cia con minh va vit If ma odn vé nhimg ky ning nhin thie khic. theo eich nio di nia thi cling phai xét én hai yéu t6 quan nhién, kién thie nén ting &y o6 tir Kic mio vin 1 mot trong chim hdi. Tir nim 1988, khi m@t thiét bj da dign cue de ume phat minh tai Vign cong ngh¢ California, ngudi ta é bio nao trong phéi cla loli Thin, phit twin thi tinh lign tye, Mot dit tr o6 Kh ning phit tién cao hon cic ban hoe cing trading o6 thé chi deing kim Ii &@ khong bi xem Li Rh ngudi hoe bi che giéu do ganh ti phat hign va ghi nhgn cic ha phit xung lye cho nhau, tao, sia adi va diéu chink di khi cdn nim trong tt cung. Nhung céng trinh nghién vyé hoat dong thin kinh nh thé cho thiy ket ndi duyese cy ‘Thit hai, phi that se tén trong ¢ mudn cing nhu sé 4, Giai dogn phat trién thit hat cia nfo bat diu vao khoang: cia té dang phit trign. Sau Khi da du tw nhieu thei giany 4. tém tun sau Khi thy thai cam va hy vong, cha me khong nén qu chit trong dén vi , mudi tudn sau khi thy thai dung think qui lao eng theo cfch eiia minh. Vain dé emu tudn true ki sinh trong la hanh phiic cing sy chu toin ela con efi; va nil 1. bén twan trade khi sinh cia vige lim cha me la & ché a 06 mot vai ted tich cure. «. Khi tré méi sinh, bd ndo ning: Bay gid, hy nging dng hé bam gid ia Thai huemg: phit ie 25% ‘Tigp theo, hy tinh tde A} doc cia ban theo s6 tt moi (tmp) bing cich chia sé ti trong, doan van trén (1,256 ti) thai gian doc (theo phitt) 5, Lite stu thing tudi, be nao ning: Céng thre doc nhanh: “ sit b. 40% thoi gian «. 50% 4. 7506 trong Ing ca né lic trutmg thin 4 40% trong lugmg cba né lite trudng thanh $6 tir mdi phiit (tmp) = Sau khi tinh xong, hay dién két quit vao vi tei tmp & cub niy vi vio hai Bidu dé rié bj cia ban & trang 308-309. %, Liic hai tuéi rudi, bo no ning: ee ati a. 50% $6 tir méi phuit: b. 75% if ‘ c. 80% [Bai tu'kiém tra 5: Muic 6 tiép thu |. 90% trong lueng cia nd lic tring thin 1. BO nao ng: aa Lic tré nim tudi, bo no ning: a. e6 diy di té bio Ii thy thai ( ee b, 06 day di té bao trude khi sinh b. 90% cob day di tf bao sau khi sin mot thing bee 4. 66 dy dit bao sau khi sinh hat nam 4 100% trqng lug ca n6 Ke trang thin 2. Giai doan phit trién thi nhat ctia nalo bat dau: 6. Tré so sinh cd phin ting tich cuc, 76 ring véi gigng néi Vows con ngudi vio ngly tré mdi chio dé Diing/Sai bb. tm tudn sau ki thu thai bd thang sau khi thy thai dd, trixie khi sinh mot thang3. Che euge thi nghigm ctia Mark Rosenweig trén chugt} Jam cha me 1d: 45. Van dé quan trong trong Nghién citu cla Tom Bower thude Dai hoc Edinb », hit trién mot thién tai sy nhan thie cia tré so sinh cho thay ti hic méi }. mang lai cho con mot nén ting hoe van t6t han phi cing sy chu toan cia con efi d, khéng cin tré sy phat trign ty nbién clia con a. chi thy nhamg hinh anh Ie mé b. chi ¥ ngay 4 6 thé nghe 6 cée am thanh 4. cdim nhgn duge ngay thé ngudi me te pitch fc cl tra li ca ban v6 lp in & trang 306, Sau iém sO dat duoc cho 15 réi nhan véi 100 aé tinh Cac cuge thi nghi¢m khac tai Edinburgh cing cho § hinh anh va am thanh durge két hp véi nhau, bing 1a tré quay dau vé huring 06 am thanh, Ac bigt la 3 vé mite 46 tiép thu: trén 15 % Robert Frantz vi Mark Johnson phat hign tré so sink’ biét thich hinh cia: 1. ngudi me Bay gid, didn digm cia ban vio hai Biéiu dé sin b6 6 trang 308-309. b. che vong tron ¢6 mau cc. khuén mat 1, déng vat Nhing tré so sinh nio duge “thi tidp thu ngén ngiehon. thy nhimg con chugt due nui trong méi tring tc nan: a. 6 bé nto nhd hon b. 6 kich thurée Iém hom c+ khong €6 thay 6i ndo trong nto 4, c6 nhidu két néi hon gita cdc té bio nao Ben via hoan thinh Phin 2. Digu 46 c6 nghia la ban 48 duge trang bi fe thing tin mdi nbdt ve Khd ning vi mie 8 tinh vi én kj diy cia mét, cing nhimng kj thuit dé Khai thée t6i uu he thing rndvndo, Gib Ia We ban chun bj xi ec “vin 8” he bia trong ‘hi doe abu mat tp trang, king io, v8. hing hic Khde hoa thug bi gi tn sai a “khé Khim trong hoe tp ic két ndi thin kinh phit trign trong nio cita tré sa} a. é giai doan phat trién ciia nio true khi sinh . tt cde khoang chia trong gen cia chiing ta 4. trong hai nim di d3iPhan ba Siéu tap trung ~~ va tiép thu Cac van dé thudng gap khi doc — Doc tham, chi tay, doc ngudc lai va doc lai cac tt | Chi diém Cac vin 48 v8 doc ic vin dé v8 hoc tap » Tom tat Nhang viée cin thye hién Khi chuing ta déi mat, phan tich vd higu mgt odin dé thi vain dé 6 sé trd thanh nguin siic mank tich eve dé tao ra gidi phdp. Chung 11 thao ludn mot s6 vin 48 vé doe thudng duye noi dén niu nbét, 46 18 doe thdon, chi tay, dge ngue Iai vi doe lai ede tit Ching déw la ede tri ngai chin edn trd vige doc 06 higu qui. Dua tren nhiing nghién cu vé chile nang hoat dng va quan hé cla hé thdog métlnio, ngubi ta dl dua ra cde phutag phép moi dé chinh ssa nbiing gi da vitt true day vé dé tai nay. Ngoai ra, chuomg 11 cin ban én hai “vin d@ vé hoe tap” thyimg gip nt: ching kho ie vi HGi ching ADDS (H6i ching ri loan lam mat khd nang tp trung (Attention Disability Disorder Syndrome) hay Hoi ching vi loan Tam giém khi ning t§p trang (Attention Deficit Disorder Syndrome)(Che-vin dé vé doc Doe thm Mot van dé thutmg gip la doc thim, khuynh huéng méi iy” nhimg tik dang doc. Nguyén nhin nim & phuong day doc cho tré; thudmg 1a Am hoe Nhin-Néi, nhur di é 6 chug 2 Ba sé cic sich va khéa Day Doc Nhanh déu cho rit quen néu trén 14 mét trong nhimg tré ngai lon nhat 4 vige trau déi ky ning doc va cin phdi khdc phyc. ‘Tuy nhién, sy thit thi doc thm cé thé mang lai loi id ching ta, Hién nhién, trong m@t s6 tinh hudng nio 46 quen nay c6 lam giim tc 49 doc, dc biét 1A khi nguél phai Ie thude vio 6 méi hiéu duyc, nhung khéng nhit nhu thé, Néu theo dving nghia ciia tir thi doc thim bhi va kh6ng nén bj xa bé hoin toan, Mot khi hiéu duge nay, ban 6 thé tip cin “van dé” trong nga cinh véi nd, ti dé din dén théi quen doc tt hon, Nhing n due hudng din “bé doc thim” thutmg trénén nin ch mit hin hig thi sau vai tudin of ging lim mét vige m Khéng thé lam due. Céch gidi quyét thich hop cho vén dé néu trén la 6 nhan mét diéu: dil doc tham /uén Juin con 45 nhumg ta ob diy ng vio siu hom va siu hon nga trong “ban ¥ thire” chiing ta. N6i cich khdc, tuy khéng bao gi¢ loai bd dugc he toin théi quen nay nhumg ban vin cé thé it bi lé thude ¥ nd, Nghia li, ban khong cin phi bin tim Khi thinh tho nhin ra ring minh dang doc thim, vi diy 18 thét quen & moi ngudi. Cin o6 ging dé khong bj Ié thuée qué vao né thi méi 06 thé hiéu duoc tron ven. Ce i oh tg op dhe 187 Mit tich oye cia vin d& li ban that ap thé ding doc him 4€ nhé nhing noi dung 44 doc. Cit cho Ia tap luyen Jp ban gidm bet su Ie thuge vao doc thm che is eang 66 fh eh ding ting “im logng” hi ge thm ee trode Kh nigm quan trong (“hét kin” ching trong du), ahd’ 46, nhomg thong tin niy s@ néi bat len, Ngoai ra, ban ciing nén biét, theo dinh agtia, age thm ing phi la quy tinh chim chap vi kh kin. Nao ca ban fon toin 06 Khi ming doc tim dé 2.000 simi phi, That tay, hign nay 6 mot 96 ngusi eb thé mdi voi te do ten 11000 tuk mdi phat. Vi thé, néu mudn, ban chi'cin quan tam én vige Khi io ban dat dnge che t5e a6 ay. Chi tay Trae day, ngudi ta cho hi tay 1 mot vin dé do quan nigm sai im ring tht quen nay Khign te €6 doc bj chim li. Sau Khi da doc xong chuomg 6, 7,8, bay gl ban bigt chi tay I phuomg phip tuyét voi dé duy tr sy tap trung va chit Nhuye digm duy nhat la kich thude cia ngén tay va bin tay che khuat tim nbin, Nhu vay, “vin, €@” da Jam ndy sinh gidi phip: chi cin ding vat hudmg din tht gon la ban di wo ra mot théi quen tuyét voi dé ting te 6 doe. Doc nguge lai va doc lai ede tit Doc nguge lai va doe lai cfc tir tuy o6 diém tuomg déng nung Iai khéc nhaw, Doc nguge Iai Ii chi dng tré Iai nhing ti, cum tit, doan mi ban cim thay minh da bé s6t hose hiéu Si, Nhiéu ngusi thy ho cfn phi dgc ngaee si méi hiéu duye ngi dung. Trong khi 46, doc lai cic tit 1A mot tt cia mat — théi quen tra lai nhimg ti/cym tir via méi doc mot ich v6 thtte, Vi thé, ban gin nhur khong bao gid thie duge ing minh dang dgc lai céc ti.409. Shon sy 896 Wn Nhw da dé cap & chung 4 vé chuyén dong nguge Iai va doc Iai cdc tim ting thém sé quing ny mii déng khign quy trinh doc bj chim bai. Vi thé, c& quen nay thung khong cin thiét. Nhimg nghién cin chi dong doc Iai néi dung cho thay ngudi doc nio quad ing ho cin doc lai céc tt/phin muc méi hiéu duge thi vé mite d6 tiép thu cila ho vin gin nhu khéng déi so khdng duge phép doc Iai. Bay khéng phii IA vin dé ve 46 tip thu ma IA sir tin tug vio khi ning ciia nio. Phuong phép dé loai bé hoc han ché hai théi quen bao gém hai khia canh. Thi nhit, ban phai ty ép minh duge doc Iai cae phin myc ma ban cho li da 16 ba sé. hai, ban phii din dy nhanh téc 46 cia mink, of ging mot nhip digu chuyén déng mit déu din, Ca tdc @6 Hin digu sé han ché théi quen doc nguge Tai va doc lai ef déng théi nang cao mie 6 tip thu ciia ban. Iai cde th va doe nguge Iai — 6 18 khOng odn duye nhing tré nggi chinh nhu nhiéu ngudi di nghi. That sy, chi la cic théi quen cé thé diéu chinh; va, trong nhiéu hop, ©6 thé duge sit dung theo hug cé Igi nhit, (Cac van dé vé hoc tap Chiing kh6 doe Ching khé doc 1a tk thing diing dé chi nhang ngudi khé khiin trong vige nhan bigt cic miu ty va do 6 ma khé khin trong vige doc. Ho thudng doc ngugc miu ty, thoi cé Khuynh hudng viet ch nguéch ngogc, O mi tring va khu quin ly trudng céng, 06 hom 20% hoc si xp vio loai “mie chimg khé doc” Hign nay, nhing vin dé néu trén — doc thim, chi tay, _ Theo inh ng ia thi hon 80% s6 hoc sinh bi xép jo Toai mic chimg khé doc ma toi da gap khong phat nbu tay. Nhing em niy chi vip ng o'mot trong oie gia doan dt tién cia tin trinh doc, va ngwéi ta da khéng bao gid cho cde fem ding day. Dé hidu tai sao lai rét d& vip ngs 6 giat dogn du tién, ban ay tung twang minh 18 ngudi Ha tink, Khi dip xudng dia civ, ban hoin toin ngo ngic, ri ob ai dé nhanh ehéng gi thich cho ban higu ring cée sinh vat trén hinh tinh nay 6 ‘mot loat nhimg hinh dang neu nhién ma ho goi Id miu ty va rap ching thinh tit, R6irém hon nda i nbiéu hin trong $6 ching lai na ni nhur nhau (xem hinh 12, bén dudi). (DE higu mée dg kho khin cia céng vige néu tren, ban hay thi lam bai tip sau: chi nhanh vio nhimg hinh dang khic hau, chuyén tirhinh niy sang hinh hdc cing nhanh cing t6t, vi goi ten that chinh xSc. Hu hét moi ngudi du chm thy sém mudn gi ho cing bi vép vi nhan dang sai mgt trong so be ching.) Pik 12, cc eh dg ind npc «On dn ig phn doin a én ng PEE MO Be ch doc bi eer Ab oe. Xe pd fn bn ri.490. Sich Day Boe Nant Sau khi da biét tén cia nhing hinh dang nguéch ng bay gid, ban tré lai 18 ngudi Héa tinh va duge yeu edu “god” (2i thé). Ban luc tim trong kho kj tte va nhé mang rng ba mau ty nay déu c6 mot vong tron. Viet ba vong trén, “000”, ban lai nhé mang ming ring dud © mét que chia Ién va mét que chia xudng 6 dau a6 vong trén nay; thé nén, 6 vong tron th nhat, ban then que chia lén vio phia tay phai ciia vong trén va 6 vong thir ba, ban thém m6t que chia xudng, cing vio ph phai. Ty tin ring minh da viet ding néu khéng mud n chinh xéc, ban nép té gidy a6 dé réi bi dap lai bing ché giéu kém theo 1di nbn xét ring 6 1é ban mac chi doc, hay ndi theo cach dc ac hon, 1a bi mét thuong tén 6 trong nao, di khéng nghiém trong lim. Vige nay hién nhién sé khién ban cing thing va lim t thém kha nang pham 16i 6 Ian né luc ti€p theo. Day chinh la kich ban da xay ra véi da s@ nhimg ngu gin cho tt mic chtmg khé doc; va tat c4 1A do, tron doan dau, ho khéng duge trang bi cdc céng cu cén thi tri nhé — cy thé la phuong php lign tung va hinh anh = gitp viec nhé tén mau ty dé dang hon. L6i dau tién ei khép véi din nghia vé chimg khé doc; va viéc gin tén Kd ding da khién he bi cudn theo mét dudng xoin dc di lam vao tinh trang cang hoc thi cang tdi t¢ hon, Thong thudng, ngudi bi cho 1 mac ching kho doe § ging doc cham cting nhu ky hon nhim tiép thu tét nhw vay, ho vé tinh lam cho van dé tré nén tram trong! (xem chuong 4, trang 63-64). Néu da ting bi cho la m&c ching khé doc, ba mau chuy ngiin sau day sé mang lai hy vong cho ban. Ce van a6 thang gap Ki doe 191 Mét c6 gai 16 tudi, hoc sinh trudng Scandinavia & Brussels, tham diy khéa hoc cia Trung tim Buzan vé Ky thuat So 6 Tw duy va Hoe tap. Ngay dau tién, co hoc rat xuit sfc. Nhung yao budi sing ngay thir hai, c6 da dén gap giéo vién xin nghi budi sang vi trong tam cia budi hoc nay 1a doc nhanh va c6 hoan toan khéng thé doc cé higu qua duge “vi mac chtmg kho doc’, va, nhu c6 ndi: “Em that sy khong biét doc ding cich”. Gido vien dong vien c6 nén thir xem, va e6 da nghe loi. Ké qui? Tir t6c A} doc ban dau 1i 100 tt méi phiit vdi mite do tidp thu kém, cé da dat dén tc 49 600 tt mdi phuit véi mie 6 tiép thu 70% vao hic cudi ngay. Cau chuyén thit hai xoay quanh mét nha bién tap kich ban, ngudi mé ta nhdng nim di hoc cia minh “toan 14 dia nguc”. C6 yéu thich doc sich va vin hoc, nhung do khéng duge hoc doc diing cach & trudng, cé da that bai hoan toan. Vi la ngudi cé tinh céch cuong nghi nén c6 khdng tt bé viée doc cia minh, Cé da dinh thém nhiéu gid dé doc véi toc 46 cham hon {t nhat bén Ian so véi nhimg ngudi cing tudi. C6 hing ap i gic mo tré thanh nha bién tap kich ban, va cudi cling da phan dau dé dat duge. Tuy nhién, sau sau thang, c6 bat dau suy sup vi phai mat khdng chi tron ngay lam viée mi cn gin nhu ca dém dé doc tai ligu hau theo kip tién 46 Ong viéc. Gidng nhu c6 géi ving Scandinavia, 6 cing khdi diu 6 t6c 9 doc 100 tik méi phutt voi mite 46 tiép thu rat kém va gitt kin “bi m§t” dé trong suét khéa hoc. Khi bai kiém tra doc cudi khéa cham duit, co da tang téc do doc len 700 tr méi Phit véi mite a6 tiép thu khé. Ngay khi vita tinh xong toc 46 doc, c6 da dig lén va ké cau chuyén cia minh. Moi ngudi tr nghi c6 chi cim thay phan chan, khéng ngé cé run ban bat tt dau dén chin.Cé giii thich ring, trong suét cuge Ai minh, 6 hud 6c". Bing cic dng tic chim rai cia kich cam, 6 ti tt 3 keh 36 vi thidu khi ning va doc kém higu qua, vay ma gi emg shin mt, nln no Khi go vi hin oan khi &8 go tat c& nhimg thir &y béng nhién bién mit. Dé la ly do jong. Toin b phin thuyét trink cia ¢6 diém ra trong im cé an ming. ie Déng thai, 06 cing cim thay mot ndi buc doc gin. ‘rong phing, Khéng ai cm duce nue mit, hong kiém ché duge vé nhimg nim thing wing phi vi j i @ ché cia minh bing dumg, 6 nhin thi ring chink tir “mic chimg khs gc” mi ngudi ta gin cho o6 da di nt e6 trong nhi nguc tinh thin, Le ra, oO da Khong chiu nhw vay. hur tai da n6i, das hing nga bj gin cho cum si“ Using Hh doc” Khong phi nur vay; «8 ngay ef Ki he that a bi hur vy, gi phi co in cho vdn &€ my 18 nur av: ding vit hung din, din din ting 6, x6 thst Kid aye 1h ng nga cia cu ch bing cch ing So 8 Tu day oe haya St io Bc i Conga fim céng cy gh ché va tr duy. Lic viét cud sich may, 61 va 6 thé lim het moi vige trong ngay véi thot gin i The cic thly c6 cia ti du chia thiy ng no bi gin cho lam vigc binh thing cum tir “me chimg khé doe” — dit ding hay sai ~ ma Iai khéng thé ning cao te a5 doc va mite 6 tiép thu cla minh Cau chuygn thé ba, eng Ia cau chuygn cuét, lién én Kim, nhan yign diéu hinh Ban Y té cia trumg Dai Hen mite ding ké. Texas. Kim theo hoc mot khéa vé So dé Tu duy va i Nhanh do Vanda North té chic, Ngay te ddu kha, Kit Hoi chiing ADDS va tinh trang hiéu dng qué mie giai thich ring c6 mic chimg khé doc rat nghieém trong (6 nhiéu § kign tr6i ngage nhau vé Hoi chimg ADDS 6 Ie khéng c6 kha ning hoan thinh nhiéu hoc phan (Attention Disability Disorder Syndrome ~ Hi chatng r6i loan khéa, T8e a6 doc ban diu cia Kim la 120 ti mdi phiit lim mai kd nang tdp trang) va tinh trang hi ng qua mute. mie 46 tigp thu rat thi. Mot con sé théng ké kinh hoang xe quyét ring, chi riéng Tuy vay, Kim vin khdng nan ldng va da thinh céng, 6 Mg, i ob hon ba trigu tré dage chin doin 1a méc chimg hai ngay, 06 dat téc 46 750 tir mdi phiit véi mute 46 tiép +éi loan tram trong dén mite phai diing thude Ritalin. tuyétad Spee at Se Ny a fons Vn dé niy 03 cham ngéi cho ning cuge tranh lun quyét eve ey ern as a ligt. Hoi ching ADDS la ching bgah da doe y git xc nhin Fao oe hay d6 chi la sy chin dosn chung chung rat nguy hiém ea cbe Kim réi phong 4é chufin bi thiy thud lang bim? Cé phii giao vien dn cho hoe sinh niin Hoi chimg ADDS va hiéu dng qué mic a& che day sv thit Sau vai phiit, c6 quay vio, trén nguti din day cfc ghi ning tt nhu: “ngu dé”, “cham chap”, “im I, * “ dung”, “lac hgu", “mic chimg khé dc’, “that bai’, (©) Ritalin Ja mt cht Hic thich gin inh trung wong, a& Te ng 9 ch §, lim sung dng vi ning cao khi ming tp trung ola te, (NP)194 Sk Day Doe Ham dn bg oi minh kh6ng 6 khi ning duy tri sur ch 15, Lao vio cfc hogt ang gay nguy higm cho tinh mang ma Hi thin duye hay chi 1 logi thudc lam trung hea, té lit, Khéng hé suy xét. din ning em cé tinh eich ning ing, sing to A dae 14, Thusing lim mat d6 diing cin thiét (but chi, dung cu, tap vao trang thai mu mim, ai bao gi cing nghe? gidy) dé hoan thanh bai vo 6 trudng. é gidp ban rit ra két luan eta riéng minh, nhing tin sau diy 6 thé rat hau ich. Che dang hinh vi via néu phai bit du truss nim bay tudi va iy ra thug xuyén hon so v6 nhimg dia tré binh thuomg ADHD, H9i ching réi loan va hidu dong qué mie cing Kia giam kha ning tap trung (Auention Deficit Hy, Sit : : oot te ag i Dik) ig 1960 at hoe Han 8) 9h Nghia li, theo dinh nghia ny, s® 0s nh phn mda dn 6 hic xc nhjn fi m@t bénh e6 thé phin loai né 46i tir tim nhing biéu hign sau tré len: bigu hign céc dang hinh vi trén thudng xuyén hom so v6 shimg ngui binh thug. Nhwr vay, phi ching tat ci ho déu mic benhi?! 6 hai tru’ng hop kinh dién ding ghi nhan. 1. Khéng thé ngéi yén khi duge yéu chu 2. Dé xao lang vi sur kich thich bén ngoai. 3. Gap khé khin hic cin tap trung vio céng vigc hoe dong vui ch . Thusng bit du mét hoat déng khic khi chua hoan’ hoat dong diu tién (that thi vi khi biét Leonardo | Vinci, ngudi duye xem la thién tai v¥ dai nhit cia thdi dai, ciing luén bj cho 1a mie phai t@t nay!) . Ca quiy, nhiic nhich (hoe cim thay bat an) Khéng thé (hoc khong mudn) ché dén luyt mink Co bé Mary-Lou Retton higu dong dén mic cha me em duage khuyén nghi nén cho em igu tr] bing thude dé giim bét hoat dng thé chit, Ding ming la ho da khong nght nhwr thé, va yéu clu nha truemg phai tim cich sir dung ning lye phi thuving cia em theo hung thich hep hon, Mudi ba nim sau, Mary-Lou Retton @s vinh danb trén au trudmg qudc té nho niém dam mé v6 tan cia minh va dé ding gitnh duge huy chuong ving trong mon thé duc nt tai Thé Van Hoi Los Angel che hoat dong nhém, ‘Thuong tra 161 khi cu hoi chua chim dit. 8. C6 vain dé véi nhing vige vit hod khong lim vie gh noi dén chéin Vai nim trude khi Mary-Lou Retton gip khé khin trong hing nim hgc dau tién cla minh, mét cu bé tén Daley & Anh cing vurmg phii vin aé tug tu va cha me Daley ciing Thich giy huyén néo khi choi. doc khuyén nén cho em ditu trj bing thude an thin. Gidng Nedt lat ngudi hie khong dng lic. thu cha me cia Mary-Lou, cha me Daley 4a cuong quyét yeu Nt ning pp hoe ae a : cu trusng phii cho con ho cic bai tap va hoat dng thich hop ares em cr eel q Vii tnh cich sb ing. Chu bé Daley gin nhu ching bit met og ing Hing nghe khi thay (c6) dang n6e 1a gi, khign gido vien thé dye ndo ciing chao thua. Két qui co that ky ley Thompson da tré think Nha V6 dich The 198gidi va Thé Van Hoi vé Mudi mon phéi hgp, déng thei duy tri duge phong 6 dinh cao va lién tuc pha nhang thé gidi da lap trong mudi nim. ‘Thom Hartmann, trong cudh sich tuyét voi cia mi chung Oi oan Lm gdm kd ning cdp trang: Mot nh Made (Amention Deficit Disorder: ¢ khing dinh ring nhig thir ma ching Him nghiém trong. Hartmann phit biéu: Joai hoc sinh “nong din” — nhing em chiu ngéi vio chim chi King nghe thay giing vi lun luén ving loi. loai hee sinh “th sin": hicu déng, luon chi § dn trucg chung quanh, sing to, ling xing, vi, giéng nur 1y tha theo thi tinh trang néu trén Iai 1 mt hinh théc tra tin, Dd 6 cho ring minh mfc ching khé doc/hiéu dong) mite hay khong thi van cé mot 0 nguyén tic tong quit. ban tap trung va tigp thu d& ding hon (xem chuamg 12). nardo da Vinci, lie nio cing hurmg vé si ki Tom tat 6 thé gii quyét moi vin dé vé doc, cc khé khin tip va cdi thign tinh hudng. Trong da s6 trurmg hop, vin dé nay déu c6 thé due khic phuc trigt dé. 1. Tip tuc ding vat hutng dan dé gidp ban giim Age nguae Iai va doc lai che tt 2, Diing théi quen doc thim nh mot dng cy ho try: 5. Néu bi cho 1a mie ching khé doc, hiéu dong hoge mic H@i chimg ADDS, ban hay gat bé nhi ‘gin ghép dy dit +5, Lap lai cfc bai tap ren luygn bing dung cu dé ‘he win nang ofp th doe 187 Li ngun én, ban dlimg bao gié ding tt “r6i loan” dé "ej dia tr wo, asi ee img manh hon di véi tén gai, dic ce khong t6t. Vige gi thich mot dia tré bi ty 61 loan” thusng of tie dng tg eve hon I tic srang 173-175. 57] Mio ‘Cing nb te 46 doe kém, tinh trang thigu kha nding tép trung va \ tigp thu thubng dupe xem la cfc vn &@ nghiém trong vé de cia iu ng trin kh thé gid. Chubng tigp theo s® mang Iai cho a ing et ng can it ng a ih © Tinh we may.Nang cao kha nang tap trung vamtic d6 tiép thu cua ban Chit dim * Tam quan trong ciia cée muc tiéu doc + Tap trung kém Ta do dau? * Con ngua ching tép trung cia ban * Tom tét » Nhang vige cén thye hien Sw Khi 48 wit ly mot s6 vain dé or ba v8 doe, bay gid chin chuéin bj thio luim nhing nguyén nhan géy ra tinh trang trung kém va mit 49 tifp thu thd, déng thai dua ra cé Bi phap dé toi uu héa ching. Trong chuong nay, thi cing sé gl thigu mot quan diém méi: khdng ai 06 vin dé vé tap tring. Nhiéu B6 oc Lén ctta thé’ gidi phat biéu rang khd nang ‘ip trung chink la yéu t6 cal yéu trong thanh céng ciia ho, rndm cing nguoén bi nay, hé thing mdt/ndo ciia ban sé « nding tdp trung vd tiép thu chink xde nhac tia laser. Theo céi nghién citu, nding lic ma ban cé dé’ lim diuge diéu nay 1d 0 (Tai quan trong cia cic mye tieu doe ‘Mot vi du ly thi vé chuyén nhimg tai ning lim trong lich sit 43 Sp dung Kh ning tap trung phi thong cia minh vao vige doc li Téng théng Thomas Jefferson, Hau hét moi nguii déu xem Ong linha tri thie My toin dign vi dai nit tik true dn nay ido su Robert Zorn ké lai ring Jefferson rat tin vao higu qui alia viée lap ke hoach cu thé khi doc ‘Ong xic dinh muc tigu ro ring cho méi chil dé phai doc, va Khong bao giéy cho phép minh chgch Khoi mye tiéu dy cho dén khi hoin tat Khong xao ling hay hoang phi thdi gian vi “phin tin tr tung” chinh 1a bi quyét din dén phuong phép lun cia Jefferson cling khi ning tap trung 6 m6t khdng hai cla Ong. Va, Jefferson tin ring ngudi doc tét phai chon cich doc 6 mye dich 16 ring, di dé 18 tim ti kign thite, béi dudng tri tug, hay giai tri, Ong da ra 131 khuyén sau cho ngudi doc: ban phii bieét minh “dang & dau, dang lam gi, bay gid Ta miy gid, 06 bi chim hom so véi ké hogch khong, va néu 06, thi chim aén mite nio.” Ong cin mieu ti téc 46 doc cla minh 1a “ludn ludn déu din, tham chi trang trong, gidng nhur tigng tic the cia chiéc éng hé treo tuimg bing gé gu”. Bing true giéc, Ong da nhin a vi thay trade duoc su phét trién cia cach doc theo ahip dieu cing phomg php ching dung cu dém nhip! Chuong niy s® gitip ban cd kha ning tién dén mie tap trung va tigp thu phi thing cia Jefferson.(Map trung kém la do dau? Vigc tap trung kém khi doc 06 nhiéu nguyén nhin: khé vé tir vung, khé khin trong viéc hiéu khai nigm cia ngi te dé doc kh6ng phi hap, trang thi tinh thin khong hop, t6 chic kém, thiéu quan tim, thiéu déng co. ‘Kho khan vé ty vung Mot khi da ting vén tiring céc théng tin va bai tap 6 16, 17, 18, nghia Ii ban dang trén dudng di téi gidi php van dé nay. Ngoai ra, néu ti ligu dang doc lien tue 06 ir ban khong hiéu hoe chi hiéu lo mé thi mae tap trung ban sé kém din di béi ¥ tuéng ma ban dang c6 ging tigp. sé bi gin doan do cic 16 héng vé hiéu. Vige tiép thu dong théng tin lién tye mi kh6ng bi néi sq hiéu sai 4m ai digu kign cin thiet dé doc higu qua. Phuomg phap phan ‘ttt vung cling nhiing bai tap trong sich nay nhim khée khé khan via néu, Néu gip mt tirban khéng hidu, hay cit gach dui vi tue doc. Thong thing, nghia ciia né sé r6 duge phin nio ngi cinh cia cau, Réi cuéi chuong hoje cuéi phan doe ngiy hom dé, ban o6 thé ding tir dign dé tra tit cd cling mét luct. Khé khan trong viée hiéu khai niém cia n6i dung Vain dé nay tuong déi khé Khfc phy hon va thutng gp oc cée sich vé hoe thuat. Phuong php t6t nhit li nhiéu lén” ngi dung eda sich, lim theo thong tin vé vat din 6 chuong 6; ky thuit doc lit, doc dé, ciu tric doc trate chi diém da duge bin ky & chuong 9, 14, trong cudn Sit dung Tri tug cla Ban. ‘éc 49 doc khéng phi hop pay thing la sin phim cia hé thdng hoc dixing. Khi cho hoc sinh doc nhing néi dung quan trong hoe khé, ngudi ta hay bio cic em: “Doc that cham vit hy.” Phurmg php nay da go ra mot vong lan quiin, vi doe cing cham thi mie 46 tigp thu cing kém, lim cho ngi dung cing khé hiéu hon, Cudi cing li sr that bai hoan toin va céc em tir bé néi dung 46 trong ndi tuyét vong. Néu kh ning tp trung vi. méc 46 tiép thu cia ban kém thi diy 06 thé la nguyén nhan; vi vay, hay thay 46i t6e a9 doc ciia ban @6i véi nhing noi dung khé, e6 ging doc nhanh hon thay vi chim di; biét dau, ban sé théy tién bo ro rét. Bing céch hoc doc nhanh vi doc mé réng, ban s® kiém soit déng thoi chon duge tée dé phi hgp véi: ngi dung dang doc, nhu du, thdi gian trong ngiy, mie ming lugng, méi truxmg ben trong va bén ngoii. Trang théi tinh thin khong phi hop Diu nay don thuin eé nghia 1a ban khong thit sy dt hét tam tri vio ngi dung ma ban dang of ging doc. Vi dy, ban 06 thé dang tap trung nghi dén m6t cude tran lugn ds din ra van phing, ho¥c cudc hen giao t& vao budi ti sip dén. Vige cin lam la 06 ging “gat b3” nhiing ¥ tuémg vin vo trong du, va diéu khién tam tri ciia ban suy nght that tich ‘eye vé dé tai dang doc. Tham chi, ban o6 thé ii xa dé mie ngimg mot hic nhim chi dong tap hap cic ¥ nghi cia ban. Cich dé thc hign higu qua vigc nay la vé nhanh trong hai phiit So é Tw duy (xem chumg 13) vé dé tai dang hoc dé nhér hiinhimg § nghi va cé due m@t trang thai tinh than tham chi on manh m& hom. Ching ta sé xem xét vin dé trang thé tinh thin ky hon & chuvng 19.T6 chit kém Van dé nay thuing gp hon nhiéu ngmdi di nghi. Viée iu tranh ve fd gin nhw ddi hdi phii chay ngay dén bin hoc @é 6 itd ue ngéi vio bin, Sau khi da ngdi vio bin réi bit di nhiéu nguéi phat hign minh khong c6 biit chi, gi’y ghi ch mat kinh vi nhigu thir khic. Két qui li he khong tap tn duge vi phai di tim ching Giai phip that don giin: trude khi ngéi vio bin dog, che chin ring nhimg thit ban sé cin dén da cé sin 6 46 chung 5). Thi6a quan tim Day ld van dé thudng gip 6 sinh vign hoc nhing ngudi hoc cée khéa dic biet va chiing t6i chi ¥ dén vin de) nhiéu hon trong nhing khéa day doc ctia ching t6i. Bud tién dé khéc phyc Ia 6n lai cde diém di néi dén trong chi nay; vi théi d@ thiéu quan tam thmemg lién quan dén nb khé khin khic. Vi dy, s® khé duy tri sy quan tim néu vn y€u kém thudng xuyén lim ban khong hiéu, ndi dung 4 doc qué réi rim, cde nghi khic cit trdi len, va nhing dung can thiet khong 06 sin. Gia sit, che vin dé néu trén da duoc khic phyc mam quan tim cia ban vin khéng cao nhwr yéu cdu thi ban & phan tich phuong phép cia minh trong viée tigp cfm dung. ‘Truve tién, cin bio dim ring ky thugt ban dang sit di [a thich hop (xem Ky thudt Hoc tdp theo Quan hé Hitu ed Sa d6 Twedisy dupe miéu t& trong chuong 19). Néu van khong e6 ket qua, ban c6 thé thir ép dung phitd php “nha phé binh nghiém khic”. Thay vi doc noi dung 09 can ng ip nv deh thong thuring, ban hay 16 ra bye doe vi n6 dda ra cho fan ning vin d2 v3 hay o6 ging phin tich gi dung thi aio, dic bigt tp trung vio cic khia cank tiéu cue, Ban sé thay vrinh tht sy tré nén quan tim dén noi dung dang Age, cing gig nur vig ban quan im Ri nghe 1 ci am ban {hing thich va mudn phin bic kich ligt! Thiéu dong oo pay la vén 8 kh, thudng bét ngudn tir vigc ban khong xéc ftith r6 myc dich doc. Mét khi 43 phan tich duge If do doc adn sich hay bai viet, dng cor cia ban o6 thé s@ tw dong ting Ién; ho¥e cé thé ban ket luin minh Khong cén doe nia Néi ly do ciia ban chinh ding thi e6 thé ban ching cn phai foc cudin sich, nhumg hy chfe chin ring nhiing ly do 46 that sir chinh ding! f tap trung cia ban ‘rong 25 nim di thuyét trinh khip thé gidi vé ky ning doc nhanh, ti thay gan nh 99,9% s6 ngudi thi nhin ring ho cd vin Van a@ nay thurmg biéu hign qua nhing gidy phit mo ming, dign ra ft nhit mdi 30-40 phat mét Han. Nhu vay, mot Hin nua, viée rén luygn khOng dking cich dx Khign ching ta thin digu t6t theo khfa canh xiu. Khi bO nio aia ban mo ‘ming sau 30-40 phiit, né chi thuc hign chinh xéc cai cin phat Jam — nghi Vi thé, trong hiu hét tru’mg hap, diy Khong phi la van 48 mat tap trung ma lA mét vige lam tich cue, dé la: nghi gids ho khi ban can Tuy nhién, hay xem xét chuyén gi da thgt sr xay es khi ban “mit tap trung’ lic dang doc sich: chuygn thdt sw xy ra18 ban t§p trung xem vai trang sich, sau €6 tap trung 46 dang ai qua, r6i tip trung xem thém vii dang he trang sich nia, sau 46 tap trung nhin chit chim dang xuéng cinh cay bén ngoai cla sé, réi lai tap trung vio. sich, sau d6 tap trung vao ngén tay, ri tap trung lin nif) cudn sich, sau d6 lai tap trung mo ming, réi tiép ty trung vio cud sich Trong suét thdi gian nay, hic nao ban cing TAP TRI Van dé khong nim é ché ban khéng tap trung, vi bani tap trung 100% thoi gian. Vain dé nim 6 huaing va trong: cia sy tp trung hoin toin dé Nhu vay, 06 thé xem sy t§p trung li con ngya bit Trong hiu hét trudmg hop, con ngya chay bing cich cia né: phi nude dai theo bat kj hudmg né thich. La ngudi cusi/ngudi doc thién nghe, ban pha khién con ngva tap trung dé theo huéng iu doc ciia ban. 1. Che vain dé lién quan dén tap trung khéng phai khi ning, ma li do nhimg bat cap trong cach cchua hoan chinh. 2. Tép trung ging nhu mot con ngua chimg. Lic ‘cing phii cudi nd. Tré thinh ngwoi cuei ngya khong 1a tay ban! 1. Cit 30-60 phuit, nghi giai lao mot lin ¢é nang nang tip trung vi dé mit/ndo cia ban duoc ing mite. Ning cao v6n tik ciia ban (xem chuong 16, 17, 18). Khi vin tie duge ning cao, tc 46 doc va mite d6 tiép thu cia ban sé duge nang cao. . Bio dim ring tée 49 doc ia ban phi hop véi ndi dung dang doc. 4, Bio dim ring ban 4a xéc lp che muc tiéu thich hop trude khi bit diu doc. Bio dim ring moi trudng ciia ban da due bd tri thich hop vei yéu cau doc cia ban. 6, Hay ning cao mic 46 quan tam va déng co ciia ban bing bat ky phuong phap nio! Tip tue thye hinh cing nhuw ding vat hung din dé nang cao mite 46 tap trung va tiép thu. én bay gid, cfc kf nding thi gide ela bgn da tién bp nhanh chéng, va con ngua chiing tp trung cia ban eing da dupe kiém sodt, Ban |) chun bj bude qua Phin 4 ~ Phat triém ede ky ndng doc mhanh iia ban 6 cdip dé néng cao. Trong phn nay, ban sé hoe mot kj thudt doc va tu duy 6 tén goi “Céng cy van nding cia bp nao” - Ky thudt So dé Tw duy, cing nv céich ding kién thie vé edu tric dogn 48 tang tée 49 doc cing mae 46 tigp thu cha ban. Ky thudt vim néu 88 dupe bé sung bling kj thuit doe truée chit diém. Ngodi ra, ben cing & due cung cp bi quyét d8 Khai thong mach ti vung cia minh ~ mt trong ede yéu t6 chit yu dim dé thin ong trong, vige doe, \Phan bon. Phat trién cac ky doc nhanh cua 6 cap dé nang Ky thuat Sa dé Tu duy® — Chiéu kich mdi trong tu duy va ghi chi Chit diém Nhuge diém cia ghi chi theo cach thong thuéng So dé Tu duy® ~ Chiu kich méi t ¢ ec cin thuc hién vién edn man" A bao nhiéu ln bgn thay “anh chang si hd nghe gidng vién gidng bai, ri cén than ghi lai timg Ibi vang va mang gi mi ngge vao v2! Hin anh nay hd g nhuge digm cis gt ua tigu eve. Chung 13 gid chi theo eich thong t So 467 hi chi: mdi mang tin dy - amg. kg, thu Hang thé ky} qua, loti ngwoi ghi chai va lim thong tin dé: nhd, truyén dat, gidi quyéifphan tich vdn dé, ru duy sing tao, tm tt, Niuing key thudt da dugc sit dung bao gom: cau, bang ligt ké, dong, tit, phan tich, logic, tink tudn te, 560d ky thudt ding mau dom sdc (not man),Mac dit mét sé ky shut rong hg thing nay 16 ra 6 hi huang td cd ching déu sit dung nhimng phuzong thie re disp nay chiing ta déu biét la thién v8 “od ndo trai". Khi bat hop cdc yu 16 can thidt néu trén o6i nhip diéw, kich cd, hing gian, tang tigmg, moi ky nang ne duy etka ban sé rt nhiéu va wi md ctia ban sé bat dau téa sding that sv. (Niige Gigi ciia ghi chi theo cach thong thuong Thit nbat, ngudi mai mé ghi chi hét moi thir gidng nur khong biét doc true chii diém — ngudi nay chite fy cay ma khong thay rimg (luéng lap Iwan ndi ch ‘Thit hai, néu hic nao cing ban tam ghi cha, ta kh phan tich, dinh gid dé tai mot cich khich quan vi kha ning twrduy, gidng nhwr trudng hop ng inh may nguyen cudn tiéu thuyét mi khong hiéu chit noi dung cia né. Va thit ba, khéi lugng ghi chi theo kiéu thong th Khuynh hung tré nén qué nhiéu (nhat la khi ket hop ghi chi bé sung tk sich) dén mic hic “6n lai", sinh thay gin nhur phai lim lai tir ddu. Ghi chi diing cich khong bim theo nhimg gi ma nghe hoje doc mot céch may méc. D6 phai 18 mot quy’ chon'loc nhim t6i thiéu héa s6 céu chit cin ghi va ti Juomg thong tin nhé durge tir s6 cau chit dy. é lim duge digu nay, chiing ta phai sir dung TH tot. Khi kich hogt tid trang 209). Chon Tit Khéa a vie dé ding. Dau tin, ban loai bd phimg tir di trusée va theo sau khong cin thiét, dé khi gap cit nhu sau trong mt bai viet vé khoa hoc: “Hién nay, ngudi ta da xic dinh tc 46 nh sing 1A 186.000 dim/giay (mps)” thi fan sé khong ghi hét ci cau, ma tém tht: “6c 46 nh sing = 186.000 mps”. aw Thing tn ua vio nk 13, Pre nico oa TO Ka Biv ec wink Khi ghi chi bing Tt Khéa, cin nhé ring cic Tir Khéa Nhé Iai phai kich hoat dting théng tin cin nhé. Vé mt nay, nhimg tir nh “beautiful” (dep) va “horrifying” (kink hodng) lai qui chung chung, dit go hinh inh, béi ching cé nhiéu nghia Khic thé khdng lign quan gi dén diém ban cin nhé. Tir Khéa cela ban phai gvi fén duge céc hinh anh cy thé trong dau ban Nhimg ti nhw vay cin mang tinh kich hoat (evocative), Ngoai ra, Tir Khéa phai JA tir ban thiiy via j, chit khong Phi 1h ti ma ngudi khic 06 thé cho 1a hay. Trong nhiéu Irving hop, khong cin Ity Ti Kha trac tgp ting dung cla giing hofc tai ligu dang doc. Mot tir do chinh ban chon, i: khi ning tém tt ndi dung ma ngudi khic dign ta, vin tot‘Néu thye hinh ghi chit bing Ti Khéa 06 higu qua, bat kinh ngac trade khdi liumg thong tin lim hon nbiéu ma 6 thé linh hoi trong mét khong gian nhit inh, (Seiad Tirduy”— Chiéu kich moi trong ghi chi Sod Tw duy khai théc moi ky ning tri tug cla bans tung va turing tugng uk tri nhd; ti, 56, bing ligt ke, t tuan ty, logic va phan tich tir v6 ndo trai; miu sic, hinh inh toan thé (Gestall cic kha ning nhan biét khong gian tit vé nao phi; Kha thu ciia mit; kh ning cia d6i tay trong} ve lai nang gi mat da thay véi su khéo Iéo ngay cing tit kha ning ctia cd bd no trong vige t6 chic, lm tri, che didu da hoc. Kich thuve, nhip digu, mo méng, quan sit va hij ‘Trong ghi chi theo So dé Tw duy, thay vi ghi nhimg tin ban muén nhé theo kiéu cau hogc bang ligt ké tf thudng, ban sé vé mot hinh anh 6 gida trang gidy (nham tap trung vi nhé) réi tir dé ding Tir Khéa va Hinh & go dé phan thin cdc nhanh theo cach cd hé théng. Kk tuc kién tao pees Tw duy, nao cia ban sé tg0 ra mots tri thie ma ban dang khim p Sau day 18 cdc quy tde cia So dé Tu duy: 1. Mot anh mau 6 trung tam, 2. Nhing ¥ chinh phan thinh c: Y chinh phai duoc biéu thj bing céc miu ty lén hat . Méi ti luén 06 niga cho phép méi lién tuimg duge) ket n6i véi nhiing lién tuéng khic trong nao cla by char in, cht nhinh tt trung Mai dng chi c6 mot tobngs, uy ta nd >. Tir phii luén ange viet ra (theo hoic két hgp ci hai) 6. Tir phai lun duge viet ra trén nhiing ding ké (gitip nto cé hinh anh r6 hon dé nhé). > Che dong ké phai dugc két néi voi nhau (nhim gidp tri nhé cia ban lién tuémg) va c6 cting 46 dai véi ti hoge hinh anh dé dat duge higu ning vé lién tudng lan vj tri. g. Ding cing nhiéu hinh anh cing t6t (vie via néu gitip phit trign phuong phip ding ci hai ben nao va d& nhé hon: déi véi tradng hp nay, mét hinh anh 6 gié tr} ngin Ie). 9, Ding ich thudie Khi o6 thé (nhimg chi tiét néi bat thurmg dé nhé hon). 10. Ding s6, ma tu, sip xép cic chi tiét theo hé thong, hose cho thy nhing méi tung quan. 1. Dé ma héa va ket néi, hay sirdung céc mai tén, kj higu, s6, mau ty, hinh anh, mau séc, kich thudc, phic thio. Bing miu VI cho thay Sor dé Tur duy t6m tit Khéa hge ren luyén no va mg dung So @6 Tu duy kéo dai 3 ngiy. Tic gia cia so 48 nay la mot ngudi cha, va cting 1a gidm déc ciia mot cong ty. Ong da diing So dé Tu day dé tém tit khéa hoc cia minh va gii thich cho va con ating cfc déng nghigp bitt vé Khda hoc. Hinh inh é tung tam cla So dé Tu duy chi sy ket hop fifa nio va co thé. Cc nhinh vé theo chiéu kim déng hé, ti “cic bai tap” lic 9 gid, tém tét nhimg néi dung chinh cia hoc, Hinh Anh hé tro tri nhé nhanh va gon hon tk. Nhu ban thy, ghi chi theo So dé Tu duy vé khéa hoc 3 nay hau ich & chd né KhOng chi tém tit toin bo ndi mi cdn 66 thé duge sir dung dé soan bai thuyét trinh ve hoe.anh “ghi chi 5, Khi tip tye qua che chuong cia Sdch Day Dac Nan, bam hay thye hinh va én lat sau Khi 4a hon thinh moi Bai tw hiém 1a, Hay gach dui cic Tt Khéa cing Khai rong. niém Trong tim, r6i ve So dd Tw duy cho timg bai viet. Néu duge ap dung ding cich, So 46 Tu duy sé ting Hoan tit phin doc cia ngiy hom nay bing cich xem qua «ai ghi chi ct ca ban tt lip hae hoe ning nguén ning doc va hoe cia ban len it nit ba Hn, dang thot he dé gidp ban ning hic; quan sit xem c6 bao nbiéu chi det thi vi bao kigm rat nhiéu thoi gian cho ban, higu qui doc néi chung, mhigu that glan mi 1é ra bon di 6 thé tet Kigm duge Bling céch ghi ra gidy va doe li. Niu ngurt thiy ring kh o6 10% chi tit trong ghi cui Ia cht sur cin tit, Kh doc dd gi ci ghi chi va ‘sich ca, hay bao dim ring ban Juén ding vat hurmg din cling nhu tiép tue voi phin luygn ting t6c cing nung bai tp. j ng tinh husng dy, So a6 Tu duy tro phép ban tru Tron 6 nao ciia chinh ban”, cho Kenic hiéu, nhd 46 hoan chinh chu ky doc nhanh vi doe ‘Tom tat 1, Se ab Tur duy Ia mot ky thuat 46 hoa mah, toan bd ky ming cia vO nto va git ph6ng iém 5 sg cla nto. >, Se 48 Tu duy 06 thé durge Ap dung cho mot wige dgc, hoc, va nghién cia cia ban. NO s& ning cao tt cd che mie higu ming. 1. Ban by thi “gc” ky So 6 Tr duy vé Khas Juyen ndo va ag dung So 48 Tw dy a€ xem m J chug tip theo gdp ban o6 Kh ning mi ting kin thi wi duge phin tm tit/mite 45 tigp thu day di Via thanh ij thust phin tich cfu tre doen Vige nay s@ lam ting agi chs “mt trang” ny Hay xem day 1 bal t them the &j va mae dip thu cia ban 2. Sau khi i hoe ky thugt So a8 Tur duy, $8 e git ban quay lai che Bai ne hid tra 6 chucmg, 10. Tigp tue rat ra ‘nhing Tir Khda tir che ba 0 & Tur duy cho mdi bii viét. Theo cfc vz én lai nhig kj ning doe nan cia mi ey that ghi ehii/img. So dé Turduy, va ting kign thite corbin 1Su dung kién thitc asi oh tn 2 vé cau tric doan dé nang cao toc dé va mtic dé tiép thu ‘Doan giai thich Doan miéu ta Doan ndi fu trie va vi tri cla doan » Nhing viéc cin thyc hién G ching 9, chimg ta da thio ludn vé quy trinh doe lu, oe mot 86 ni dung ge chon trie d& ob efi nhin tng: ‘Trong chung nay, ching ta sé thio ludn vé eu trie don 6 gip ban thye hinh kj thudt doc ludt ela (Qua vige hiéu tinh chét phile tap phin, ban sé hiéu ri hon tinh chat Disrm MAN not ting th. Qua vig iu tnh ‘aia mgt tng thé, ban £8 ning cao thu va hiéu tat cd moi digu. Doan giii thich cé chiie ning giti thich mot Khai nigm hose quan diém no 6, Logi doan niy thu’mg dé nhan biée va wong déi dé hiéu. (Hai) ciu dau tién cia doan gifi thich st cho ban mt § nigm téng quit vé noi dung sp duge gid thich hay ban luan, (hai) cau cue TA két qua hose két Iudn, obn phin gita 18 n6i dung chi tiét. Ty vio muc dich doc ma ban 6 thé tap trung diing hung trong lin dgc lust dau tién cba minh, ‘Boan miéu ta Doan miéu ta thug tgo dumg béi cinh hoje mé réng cic 9 4x duge gidi thigu trong phin truvie. Nhimg doan nbu vay da phin bé sung them chi tiét, do &6 thing khong quan trong nhu cic doan gidi thiéu nhimg yéu t6 chinh. Di nhién li c6 ngoai Ié: nh vige ti ngudi hoe dé vat trong mot sO doan rit quan trong. (i nhdng trudmg hop nhu thé, ban thudng sé thay duge tim quan trong nay, va o6 Kha ning tap trung sir chil ¥ thich hop. ‘Boan néi Boan néi c6 chic ming lign két cic doan, Véi vai td a6, oan néi thutmg cd nhieu théng tin quan trong, vi ching 06 Khuynh huvmg tém tét ngi dung ctia phin trurde va phan tiép theo. Vi dy: “Thuy@t tién héa da giai thich & u uve dt vao bdi canh cia nhing phit wi Tinh vue nghién cu di truyén sinh hda.” Trong ciu tém tit Wta néu, chiing ta dune cung cip mét lung théng tin rit én, quit toin b@ ndi dung cia phan sfp doc. Nhu vay, doan TOI c6 thé rat hau ich véi chite nang hudng din, lam céng cy, AE Age trade chii diém vi doe dn ai‘Cau tic va vj tri ciia doan Lam thé nao ban 6 thé str dung, c&u tric doan va vi tr ching trong bai vidt dé ning cao higu ning doc? Diéu quan trong nhit 1a ban pl trén bio/tap chi, nhimg doan diu/cuéi thug chia nbi théng tin quan trong, cén cdc doan gitta 1a chi tiet. N& viet ban dang doc thuge logi nay thi khi doc lust, ban trung vao doan mé dau va két thic. Céc nha vin khic thutmg “ding hing” & doan mé dat tu. Trong nhing tru’ng hap nhw thé, ban phi tip trade hét vio cic doan niy Ban c6 thé choi hai “tré choi” véi cu trite doan. gitip ban rat nhiéu trong vi tim ‘Tro choi thi nhat li, khi ban doc, hay tgo ra mot Tir cho chi dé chinh va phy cia méi doan. Bai tap nay s Md ban phai tip trung va suy nghi vé néi dung doc. Cudi 4 ban phi nhim dén vige phat trign kha ning chon lua ti thé khi doc ma khéng cin ngimg Iai hay lim giin dogm trinh doc dang thong sudt. Bing céch ding nhimg tit khéa nay, djc bigt 1a dud So dé.Tu duy, be 6 he Ihé chi tiét c& mot cudn sich.” ae thinh phin co bin dé kign tgo So dé Tw duy a (xem cudn So dé Tu duy.) “Trd choi” thir hai I, khi doc xong oan, ban hay li cau di tién v6i cfc cau odn Iai réi tur hai ligu day 6 9 cau mé dau, chuyén mach, khéi quit, hay that sir quan gi dén nhing tir phia sau. higu cang nhur duy tri sr qu q 1. Thue hién tré choi dau tién cho ft nhat béin doan khac nhau. 2. Thue hin tré choi thir hai cho ft nhat bén doan khac nau. 5, Sir dung vat hung din 4¢ doc trade chi diém chung tigp theo. "4, Trurke khi tig tuc, hity xem vai dang sich/tai ligu khée nhau @é thyc hinh nghé thuat nhan biét céc loai dogn khiéc nhau, } / Vige biét eich phin tich dagn gdp ban c6 kha ning phan tch nfi | dug bai dc. Chung tgp theo s® mang a cho ban mét kha ning cao hon, dé la thay duge ting thé.to 49 quan trong; tuong ty nhu vay, tim tri caing sé dé tiép can hoje hiéu thong tin hon néu e6 nhing diém méc chinh 4é rxmg theo, Doc trude cht diém — D6i trinh sat tu duy cla ban Cin ap dung phuong phip doc trade chit diém 46 voi bit kj Joai ndi dung ndo ma ban. sip doc, cho dit dé la ther ti, bio co, tiéu thuyét hay bai viét. Trong moi trumg hop, phurong phip nay s& dy nhanh t6c 49 doc téng thé va ning cao mite 4% tip thu cia ban. Ban s@ khong con bj khumg Iai tt tiéu muc nay @én tiéu muc khac ma sé sip x€p cic thinh phan Khép vao toan thé, Chit diém » Ban Jam trinh sét cho chinh minh » Céc chién luge doc trute chi diém » Tom tat » Nhing viéc cin thuc hién Chao mimg ban dén vdi khéi niém ma ching ta sé thuong si nhde dén trong chuomg 15: doc trutie chil diém. Vige doc tridt him phét triém mbt két edu dé tam tri ob thé dé dang 6 ce chi ttt nho hon, nho vy ma te thi nding cao tiép thu vé toan thé ol Khi dgc trade chi digm, ban nén két hop nhiing yéu t6 da urge ndi dén trong chong 9 (vé doc lust) vi chuomg I+ (ve cu tric doan), Néi céch khéc, ban s¢ ludt nhanh theo eich hep qua néi dung sép doc r6i chon ra cfc phn cé nhiéu kha ning ‘dhfa nhimg théng tin quan trong; déng thdi hay udm sir dung ky thujt huémg din ma ban wa thich. Khai nigm doc trade chi diém duge bin dén 6 day dinh cho phin doc téng quit cia ban. re doc trude chit diém Thye hinh nhing trd choi “Doc ning déng” dudi day chic hin sé mang lai cho ban mét trang thai tinh than tich cuc hon, tim nhin mé rng cia ban cting sé tim dunge cfc thong tin thich hop nhit khi ban doc truve chi diém, va toin b6 Guy trinh sé tro nén thé vi. Neéu mudn biét od lanh thé, phdi biét ban do. (Ban lam trinh sat cho chinh minh Ngudi doc trage chi digm 06 thé vi nhw ngui inh tri di trade doan quan dé xac dinh dia hinh va vi tri cla) dich cling nhimg ving ¢6 wu thé’ chign thujt. Mgt doin sé dé tam céng, hinh quin trén dia hinh ly néw nfm 1. © Ap dung nhimng diéu ban da biét Khi fp dung cic digu aa bidt, ban thudng thay minh biét hig hon so véi nhimg gi di nghi! Nhiéu ngudi da sai lim khi tho ring tic gid 18 chuyén gia trong khi mite hiéu biét ciia ho sy cling ngang bing hoe cao hon tac gid. Hay lun venhanh So dé Tw duy thé hign kign thie cia ban vé dé tai trusc lic doc mét cudn sich méi. Nhu vay, ban cé é hinh thinh nhing tir cudn sich va djt céc cau héi phd hop. 2, © Tich cue tuong tée v6i tae gia Khi doc mot cudin sich, 46 khong phii a bai giing mot ma li cuge @6i thoai gida ban va bo 6c di tao nén cud &y, Didu v6 cling quan trong la ban phi tuong tic véi cudh sich nao ban doc bing cach ghi nhimg ciu hi, vio bén lé cuén sich hoe trong mét minh gidy riéng, 3. © Hay la mot thm tit Hay lin tuc cd ging phan doan dién tién tiép theo clas va *phuong hug hinh dng” trong dau tac gid. Tigp ging di trude mot bude trong vige giai quyét nhing lien quan dén cic thong tin ban dang tiép thu. Tom tit Tir" preview” cé nghia la “doc trade”, nburthinh, tir da thé hign: pre-view. Khi cho nao doc trudc ta dung, ban sé higu thng suét hon nhiéu trong lin doc 1, Doc trude chi diém moi ngi dung ma ban sé é hai tudn tiép theo; kiém tra xem ban tigp thu nhieu kien thife tirmdi lan doc true chii diém. lin dc thit hai. 2. Thye hinh cic kj thuat 43 hoc dé doe truée chit digm, mat cudin sich, déng thé dling ky thuat huémg din nang cao dé doc toin bé cud sich trong thé gian chim dé smn phi. 5, Doc truse chi diém ba chuong tigp theo vé céch phét trign von Tit vung Un viet cia ban. Mot trong hing tr ngai cho vige dge nhank 6 hidu qua Ih w6n ti aqui it, Chusg tp theo sé hutng din ben eéch mé ring kién thie vé tir vung vupt qua mie mé ban 06 thé hinh dung.Phat trién Ti vung Uu viét cua ban (1) Tiép dau ngit | Chit diém « Tim quan trong ctia tir ving » Ba loai tir vung ciia ching ta * Cong nang cila tiép dau ngit = Tom tat * Bai tap vé Tie ving Un viet Sau khi da ban vé oo edu hogt dng oia he thing mit thuyét chuyén dng mit va céc vin Ab chin vé doc, bay gid ta chuyén sang ba chung dau tién vé tit vyng. Chung 16 Tam quen véi ba loai ti vung va ligt ké 85 tigp div nga ning gifp ben hiéu duge nghia cia hing Yon tit cia mot ngudi cho thay lung thong tin ma ngudi dy 6 thé tigp thu va doc duge. Do 46, nhiéu truimg trung hoc, 0 ding, dai hoc thudng cé phin kiém tra tir vung téng quét hur mot tiéu ché quan trong aé inh gid Kha ning cia thi sinh. Thi sinh @ju hay rét da phan tay thude vio khi ning hiéu va ding th thich hop. Di nhién, tim quan trong cia tit vumg cOn vurt ra khdi thé 64 hoe dusng: mot doanh nhin sé 06 uu th te the na sé hu vin tir rng hom so véi cée dng nghigp; v2 trong nhing finh hudng giao té, ngud c6 mu thé hon sé 1a ngudi ¢6 khé ning hiéu nhanh va dua ra cic nhan xét théng minh. Bloat tir vung cite ching ta Ba sd ching ta c6 hom mot loai tir mg. That ra, ching ta thang o6 it nbit ba logi, Thir nhit 18 logi chiing ta dking Khi néi chuyén, va trong nhiéu trixng hap, sO lugng cia loai tt nay khong vugt qué 1.000 (ngudi ta ude tinh tt vung tiéng Anh yugt trén mic 1 trigu tt). ‘Thie hai 1d loai tit vumg ching ta sir dung khi wiét. Loai tt niy oé khuynh huring nhiéu hom ti yung néi, vi chiing ta diinh nhiéu thdi gian hon cho edu tric cting n6i dung cia chu, vi ca vi ngudi viét chu it 4p lye hon. Nhigu nhit trong ba loai la tir vmg nhgn biét — 46 1 hing tir ma ching ta hiéu va cim thy khi nghe ngudi khéc i hoe khi doc, nhumg lai kh6ng sir dung ching khi viét hoe néi, Di nhién, ly tudng nhit 1a ci tir vung n6i lin viet ‘ela ching ta déu nhiéu bing tir vung nhan biét, nhumg hiém 6 digu nay trong thye t€. Tuy nhién, c6 thé ting cd ba loai ‘Nk yung tren len mic ding ké.4 stony (COng nang cia tiép dau ngir Myc dich cia chirong 16 la giip ban Fam quen véi trén 8 dau ngot (miu ty, am tit hofc tir xuat hién 6 diu cia Nhiéu trong s0' ching 06 lign quan dén vj tri, sip dé chuyén dng. Do ting Anh o6 nhiéu yéu to tir ting Hy. va Lactinh nén da phin ec tigp du ngit déu c6 ngudn hai thit tigng via néu, Ban sé cd khdi nigm vé cng nang khé tin ciia nhimg ti vung co ban nay khi biét tigh si Minninger, thuge Dai hoc Minnesota, da uéc tinh chi riéng M4 tiép dau nga 86 trén cing da gitip ching ta hiéu dune nghia cia hon I. ti! Ba con xic quyét ring vio nim 25 tuéi, von te cia’ ngudi binh thing gin nhw kh6ng phét trién them nda, nay, vén ti da hoan chinh 95%, chi cdn bé sung 5% niim kha di dn lai. 14 tig dau ngér va ngot cin liet ke di duge tim thay & hon 14.000 ti xudt hign trong mot dién khé nhé thong thudng va 6 gan 100.000 ut xuit hign, mét cu6n tir dién phién bin én khong rit gon. Nhimng “tiéu tir da ning” dudi day da duge trich cic danh myc lén hon, Khi dc danh muc sau va hai tiép theo, ban hay nhé tim nhang tiéu tt ndy cing nhur thu tat ca céc tiéu tit khéc. 14 tir e6 tip ddu ngi quan trong Ti Tgp Nghia Ngtean Nghia dau age thong throng thing | Precept pres tne capere shai git 2. Detain de ‘ich hii, suing tenere gil, ob 3. ntermitten inter» git tongs tere Offer ob gia ferre mang dem 5 Insist in trog sare ting © Monograph mono- me minh, wht ——_graphein viet. tw Tiép Nghe Neiecin | Nghia 7 Epilogue ep legos ini nit ett §, Advance ad- vi, v6 phi specere thy 9, Uncomplicated un- hing plcare sé com- ‘cing hau, véi 40 Non-extended non- king lendere dina ex yaqah nat hit 11 Reproduction re Maas diucere ain dt pro vé pin tn, dino 12 Incisposed = in ing ponere db dis. ich bi hing 1h. Over-sufficient over- tren facere Tam, thye bin sub- dati 14. Mistranscribe —mis- sai seribere vid trans. gang ou, vt bi 85 tiép ddu nga Hgc hét danh myc duéi diy s¢ giip ban hiéu nghia cia hing ngin tir la, Mun biét phuong phip nhé toin bo danh myc sau va cic danh myc & chuong 17, 18, hay xem cudn Sit dung Tri mhd ciia Ban cia tic gid. G = tigng Hy Lap, L = tigng La-tinh, F = tiéng Phip, E = tigng Anh Tiép din ng Nghia Vid 4, on- (@) King et, king anacrobic (Ahdng cn Wing hi) fb, abs- 1) Aiki, ich i abset (dng mt) d,cc, of-(t) ving, vé advent, advance (din gn, sm Len) sro. iiag Kb aeroplane, seronaut(méy bay a ds hamh duimg khdng) ‘amb, ambi-(G) ci bai chung quanh ambiguous (huang nghia) Aamphi-(¢) chi chng quanh amphitheatre (Ah di ng cue) ‘Bute- (L) ‘trate antenatal (rid san) i Anti (G) Ring hi antidote, antitoxi (ht gid di, Ming ge) p0- (6) si apostasy (sbi vido)be bene: () (6) by, ye (@) cata (6) ‘ont cent: ) circum) co, ea, com, or, eon.) eonira-(t) de deca, det (6) demi) dia. () dis.) Nghia chinh, quan trong abit twthin hung quan, lim (dt, hay ha thé vio sng at te chang quash ing aba, vi ig, phi i ing mi phn na yen qs, gia ing, ai hai sia, kh abhi lb vor, khing Vidy archbishop, arch-crminal (ing ‘nue, ti pham quem trong) ‘automatic, autocrat (iw dong, nua don) elite, beguil, beset (coin, ri de doa) benediction (Kink 1.) biennial, bye (dy ha nan, xe byways, bye laws (dung ph, ld ‘Phumg) catalogue, cataract (danh muc, doc) centigrade, centenary (bch phy nig 100 nam) ireumference,cicumambient ( xung quanh) ‘companion, collect, co-operate ing hh, th thi, hop te) contradict, contraceptive (phil train th thei) denude, decentralise (gt 00, gen) decade, decagom (hd hin ide) demigod (bin shin) diameter (dug kinh) Asie, disagree Aline tic dings) dhulogue, duplex (cw di ep) Aysentery (hilt) exhale, excavate (a, Khai ‘eceentric (Ride thing) cnrage, inability, emulate, ho te gid, thing c6 bad say Gi nag) in, im: (une) 6h) iner- 1) Intra, ntro- (Ly ‘to. (6) male) Neha Ven rat thie vio Ding aha bee i at Ki trae phan mda bay sia sing cha ted, thi gu hing hing trong 3 @ ita ben trong, reg Sag nb sng new xi, st sau, Ki sin shite bing then i in, phan king Vidy epidemic, epidermis bgnk dich, big) cequistant (hodngcich bling nha) extramarital (ngoai tink) foresee (dv dod) hemisphere (bin edu) heptagon (hin shi gi) hexagon, herateue (hi lu gid, 6 cub sch daw cia Kiah Crue) hhomonym (dng dred nga) hypercritical, hypertrophy (ci rich kh te, ching phi doi) illegal, illogical (baé hop php, Rhing logic) imperfect, inaccessible (ting hod ho, Aching thé dn gin) interrupt, intermarriage (in doan, hom rahi trong dong ho) intramural, introvert (rong ni Inaing ni) isobaric, isosceles (cing ong Imig, amlfunction, malformed (2 ru wd, di at) ‘metabolism, metaphysical (chugs ‘ha iu hin ne) rishi, mislead (ng Ang hich hop, lim dng) ‘monotonous, monocular (dom didn, de shan) ‘multipurpose, multimilion (da mue dick, niu rdw nonsense, nonparll (06 ng, 24 sm) obstruct, obstacle, oppose (cin not sraingei phin di) ) mutoct, t0- (6) para-(6) penta: (6) per (l) peri- (6) oly: (G) ost (1) re-(l) prime, primo-(L) pro-(l) quadrt- (Ly re) retro (Uy, self semis (6) sub- hia tim tick i ich ra wit kh trl me chung quan, aqunh hia Ii tai vt pia sa ye mit ben ty thin phan nla i mit bin, wu di Vids Tip din ng Nghia Vida octahedron, octave (in bit gk per (0) trén, rin ik superdous, superior (ta, «i hon) tim) s viii has syllogism tam down fn) offset (bi dlp) yey (6) cing hua sympathy, synchronise (dng cm, Kp ‘outnumber, outstanding (dng ho i) ae) ide @) va, é1m.tita telegram, telepathy (de den, thdn giao overhear, overcharge (nh each cm) day) er) te in tercentenary (ly! migm 300 nen) parable, paradox (orien ram day setra- (6) bin tetrahedron, tetralogy (kid nt digm, de wb) phd b6 bin) pentagon, pentatcuch (hin! gigi trans: () gang, transtlanti, translate (sien Bat Téty S ewin sich ddu cia Kink C ning Diam, dich) perennial, peradventure cin i (1,6) te triangle, tripartite (tam gid, tay ba) Ihhdng chdc cn) altro) va ki ultramarine, ultra-violet (man xomh bide, perimeter, pericardium (cio, ag 2 tim) tim mage) an-(im-) (,6,) ing unbroken, unbutton, unable (én ru, ed polygamy, polytechnic (ue da hy, khong thé) bsich hoa) ander dat underfed, underling (hig dm, ray chin) postscript, postnatal (tit bit ani) it unicellular, uniform (dom bio, démg phauc) prehistoric, pre-war (dns tee (ty thay thé viceroy, vice-president (ph evens, pho primary, Prime Minister (ada ng thong) tang) j 4 a yesterday, yesteryear (ngiy him qua, prologue, pro-Britsh (oon md thin Anh) quadrennial, quadrangle (inn in, hinh nt gi) oa | 1. aes ‘ 2 Teng ae gin hing tn secele (ty Mia) ‘hin bet), vein tk vung nbn ict 13 niu nh selfccontrol, self taught (nec | Tran déi tit tir vung gidp ning cao ti tue cia ban, ae » Chi hoe vai tigp diu nga thoi cang cd thé lim véin tr cha semicircle, semi-detached (hn stg I rags chug rang) submarine, subterranean (adi mat dé200 Sin ay 0 (BaTtgp We Te wong UU vie” BAi tip sau day Khong phai Ia bai kiém tra ti vung theo ngtia, Trong nhiéu truing hep, dinh nghia di duge * rong” thém mot chit dé bao gém ci Tt Khéa o6 tiép du thich hop. Trusic mai bai tap, ban o6 15 tir dé chon tr’ 16% ding 15 cau héi. Khi lim bai tip, hiy phan tich céc thinh phan ciia ban chon r6i od ging xic dinh ngbia diya vio cfu tric cia Ban cin 6 sin tt dign dé hé tro. Sau khi da didn tit cd 15 chd trong v6i tiv thich hop, kiém tra phin tra Idi aila ban 6 trang 307. J. contravene ik. tertiary |. arch-enemy ma, paragon 1 triumvirate 0. impregnation ‘The most important and most dangerous of one’s opponents is one’s A . is a two-footed animal. 3. A person or thing beyond comparison, a model of excellence, is known as a {. Streams that flow together are said to be A coalition of three men for the purposes of gove or administration fs called a Many people in the world are not able to reads CVV% tinh chit cia loai bis tap ny, ching t6i xin gi nguyen “Age tham khio. (ND) 1 1 1 Tong utc ban) 231 is the introduction of one substance into another. Because people estimated that this creature had 100 legs, they called it a ) means third in rank, order or succession. One opposite of fascination is 1. To go against restrictions laid down is to the rules. ‘A creature that can live in both air and water is called an 3 means operating in a backward direction. iA isa person who speaks many languages. 15. If you have a strong feeling against something you are said to be ‘a. intravenous b. autobiographer c. abiicates d. Decalogue atheist f. undermine g. supercitious Wh, isotherm — . mortomaniac j. octagon Kk. catacomb 1. obfuscate ‘periscope m. prominent ©. heminaopsia Someone who does not believe in God is an 1 He was a because he had a fixation on a single object The Ten Commandments are often called the An outstanding object or person is said to be A plane figure with eight sides and angles is known as an Tot. means to dig away the foundations, to bring down from below. a is a graveyard below ground22 Say Doe 8. A person who away from a situation. 9. An injection into the returning bloodstream is called - injection. gives up a claim, resigns g 10. When something gets in the way of light or meaning, is said to 11. To consider oneself to be above others is to posses attitude. 12, The medical condition in which one loses one half ‘one’s field of vision is known as 130A is an instrument that enables observers look over an object. 14. A line on a map which connects those places havi equal average temperature is called an . 15, An is a person who writes his own li story. 1. A dividing membrane between two areas is called a _ applies to what is immaterial, incorpore super-sensory, beyond the physical. A is a curse. means to bring up or throw back fi deep place; to vomit 5. A ccssssessessss- #8 Someone who is of no importance. 6. Anancestor may also be called a 7. When something passes through, permeates, extends and is diffused, it is said to 8, If you ..sssessses You are going beyond ordinary limits. 9. A verse containing five feet is called a 10. is charity, kindness or generosity. 11. If you are prudent and wary, and look all around before doing anything you are ..... 12, Something capable of being elcieed beset 13, That which has existed from the beginning, we call 14, To vssesssessscs means to subdue by superior force; to bring under the yoke. 15. If we interpret something wrongly, we .. Sau Ki i “gn du’ cho hing chue-nghin ti Ming tgp dl ng, bay ia ban 06th tip tye “thém dui” cho ching bing tip vf nga. Nd chi ¥ 14 tip du ng trong yeu.Phat trién Ti vung Uu viét cua ban (II) Tiép vi ngit * Cong nang clia tip vi ng * Bai tap vé Tit vung Un viet 6 cudi chuong 16, ban di lam quen véi 85 tig ddu ogi at af bai kiém tra vé Ty vung Uu viet. Gia day, néu ‘dung nhing thing tin tip thu dupe ti Siich Day Doe thi kha nding cia ban trong vige sii dung tiép dau ngit dé fit 8 ting lén ding ké. Ban chu bj bute sang giai theo trong vigetgo lp ti vung miy, 46 1a tim hidu vé tip (mau ty, im tit hode tit ¢ vj tri cudi ti), Cing ging dung vé tigp diu ngi, ban sé thiy phan Ién tigp vi ngit : nguin gle ti ting Hy Lap vi 1 tip vi ng. Nhiéu in quan én dic diém, dic tinh, hoe Tim thay déi tit loai eda mét to (vi du nhu tinh to think trang tt). 51 tidp vi ng G = Hy Lap, L = Latinh, F = tighg Phip, E = tiéng Anh Tiép ving sable, -ible (L) try (L, G) age (L) “al, sal (L) -2n (ane, dan) (L) etch cia “thee, ence mu (L) “arium,ovium (L) 36 ding dé 2 (L) Nehia Vid cot, thich bypeho durable, comprehensible (dw di, 6 th hig age) tin rng tinh eit cin accuracy (ne chink x) tinh ding bode tin rang cia breakage (nk ng lam oo) Wen qun én albdominal (dade ring buns) Grecian, African (lb nahé thuét Hy Lap, thuje chau Phi) ti chit hae hin ding cia insurance, eorpuence (bio him, sto boo) tor tnh teh tinh chit, defiant, servant (gang gal, anh tei tenn Bi nating di) oe vt toro Egat aquarium, auditorium (id «dy ‘phing think gid) nt ding ite quan dé seminary, ditiomary (rang dong, tit didn)Tépmngt Neha Vidu ep ving -atable (L) ie able, ble ism (G) -ate(L) fy ra hie vy in animate, magistrate (im sil dmg, quan toa) it (@) -ation, ition (L) inh Sng bay ti rang cia condition, dilaidation (de hid, sd nat) tis) -elecle(L) hb be icicle (nt bang) i ety 61) -dom (E) ida kin hae wy itm edt Kingdom (oun qu) ste (L) en) ai mitten (gg tay hd ng en) tin chit golden, broken (bing: «ee, ts (G) ‘r6n) #® thal farmer, New Yorker (nln sent (L) nab Net York) ess (6) os) ‘ip vi gh chi gig cdi —_—owtes,waltress (bd chil hie eu) ay (G) -eh-tte(L) ah Puppet, marionette (i roi) ye) fereus(l) won coniferous (iy) 5 qual ‘ful (©) aly colour, beautifl (day -ment(L) sie, dep) -metry,-meter (G) 6) im satisfy, fortify (hom cham ng cuimg) mony hood (E) Cin rng haf iu kn cin boyhood, childhood (ih id (G) rig, th tha di) (ly sia (L) tn cdc ching ke, dia danh bacteria, Liberia (vi hu Liberia) q “ian (L) rg hin aghé hy din musician, Parisian (whee Pars) tis eG), histori (die lich sit) tus 88 (L) id(e (Ly acid (act) 1 ne(G, 1) —_anithyp chit” chlorine (clo) “ion (L) ify hn hay hinh dg ia persuasion (thi ome ish (E) nt sting dng hay micah, greenish (whit tude (L) én he 6 miu xanh) (PE ing 66 sy nh in: Trong ting Anb thi tgp vi nga -ine of chit” hoge cic “cit lieu co bin” (base suaances) nh ‘amine, v.v. Ngay trong vi dy niy ta cing ob thé ty chlrine | mgt hap chit, (Trong nguyén bin tée gid ching tir comporand.) Nghia tinh cht hay chi thy gi thu a ching viem (kon) ti trang hay tin chit cin ti eit cia tan, te hi, Ianh Ang ab strin dy shige hi mt ng bye 6 i tinh inh ing hoe did ign ia do hing tinh trang kt gui sing sm in trang hay hich ‘ng, ng bay vit ay rth hay iu io ia dy eng ab tin chit hay ie in amg fich trang Vida realism, socialism (cd du de thy sé, chai nghia xa hoi) chemist, pessimist (ad laa hoc, gui bi quan) bronchitis (oidm phe guin) loyal (ong enag hah) creative, receptive (tin sng ao, dé tig thu) modernize, advertise (hig doi ‘Ada, quing cdo) violent (dit déi) Fearless, faceless (an dm, 2% danh) biology, psychology (sinh nn, tim hoe) sofily, quickly (nhe nhtng, hank ching) resentment (51 cn gin) gasometer, geometry (68 cinta ‘Ahi, hink hoc) testimony (it kha) veil (hin qu ering) error, governor, victor, generator (sai sé thing de, inguadi chin thing, may phat ign) metamorphosis sign dé) rmurderous, anxious, ofcious, morose (ddy sit khi, to ling, lang xing, wr) ladsome (ou e8) altitude, gratitude (dé can, fing biti om) Irckward, ouward (lac hdd xa khsi) dificulty (si Ah Rin)disgrace. 2A {sa woman who govems a nunner Someone who has very strong nationalistic fe who makes a practice of this somewhat patriotism is ealled a ‘That which i intractable, unruly, perverse: whi inthe wrong unpredictable direction fs A {8 one who works in a certain i as medicine. a Js comment or statement which insipid and wit “The unpleasant medical condition in which part testicle becomes irritated and inflamed is known 8. To isto imbue with the added courage, inspiration and fearlessness. The doctrine of pursuing pleasure asthe highest “known as I you are capable of working 12 hours a day rest; if you can engage in physical exercise fl swithout seeming to get tired, them you ate Handwriting which i in the nature of a which forms the character rapidly without pen is known as handwriting. isa small ornamental design, drawing or picture The quality or state of being uppermost, of having com. plete authority or power, is the state of To {s to render something unable to operate cor move; to disband. isthe tate of being bound or tied to some- thing, either physically oF mentally. for his belief, is placing himself in a postion of A diminutive particle of matter is sometimes known as a . although this term now usually applies to the small particles constituting blood. A giel whois joyful, attractive and engaging is A charge for something which relates to the lowest or smallest price is is the process in which fluids tend to mix, «ven through porous membranes A is a place where one goes to see models or projections of the solar system and other parts of the People who speak loudly and often are fs the state of being exhausted. © A rude girl or tomboy is said to be A ppervon i full of antagonisin and the desire to quarrel or fight.a wiv an 20 9400s is to have the quality of 11, Aplace where birds are kept is known as an A Jook is one full of mischief or malice? the vain god who fell in love wit his reflected image. A is a person who holds high rank or s To js to raise to a higher or more extreme 14, To be gentle, quiet, peaceful and serene is to be To look at oneself degree. When we attribute thing we make him or ita Someone whose appetites cannot be satisfied is divine qualities to someone or some- 15. An is that which provokes or produces discomfort or inflammation. 5. The branch of knowledge which deals with the human ‘a. mundane b. narcissstically c. intelligentsia d. i mind and its functioning is ce intensify rhetorician g. deity h. pochology 1. pls 4. pestilence k, hardihood 1. annulment m, anthropoid Bai tap mé rong bang tiép vi net sn, metabolism 0, indolent idm tra tit vyng theo mic 1. To be filled with the desire to do nothing, to be cus tir dién hay € Sou khi 4a hoin thinh cfc bai mong muda, ban hay doc lust qua » phlegmatic and idle is to be foe ning céch ding Khe naw eia ck gp Vinge neu te | A is an eloquent speaker or writer. Ghi li nhamg vi du ma ban thy Ae dio hoe thi vi v8 hia The is that class of educated people fh. tend to form much of public opinion. relates or pertains to the constant | changes in living matter. An is any creature which resembles mia ‘The branch of knowledge which deals with the LED organs and their functions is A word for a state of boldness, courage and robus su penne pn pln in tik ng tiga Anh; bay gi, ban ob thé chuyén sang nei ein anhiing yéu 06 Lap nay’ 06 thé mult ign 6 bat ‘That which is “of the nature of the world” is often ‘ a, a cf nguin ge ti tiéng Lectinh vi Hy iw tri mdo trong mbt tt hiém dei the qualities of which are plague-like virulent, is often called a is the act of having a contract or abolished,Phat trién Tu vung Uu viet cua ban (III) Negi can Cha diém Nam butte dé tiép tue trau déi Tir vung Uu viet cia Bai tap vé Ti vung Uu viet Tém tat Phan bén Caong 18, i chuong cut trong ba chung vé ti vung, ngi fn (tt ge) Latinh va Hy Lep, ding tht gid thiga buic gip ben tig tye phat trién tt a [Ng bit chi menh hon lu kim khi Biém nhén Bae es a seca oc Soa __ | Niimibide 46 tip tuc trau ddi Tic vung Uu viet cia ban Vi day la chuong cudi cing lién quan dén tit vung va nghia cita ti vumg, nén t6i xin dua ra mot vai goi ¥ giip ban tiep tuc ning cao v6n ti vung cia minh, ‘Thit nhat, hay thuc hinh bai tap chuomg 17; nghia la, ban phai doc lust qua mét cudin tir dign hay, tim hiéu vé ce efch sir dung khéc nhau cila nhimg tiép dau nga, tiép cin ma ban da hoc. Ghi ki cie vi dy dang d dung. (Néu thye hign, ban hay gitt phan ghi cha nay trong mye phat trign sing tgo cia he thong Nhit kj Buzan theo Cong cy T6 chite Ca nhan Da nang (UPO).) ‘Thi hai, hay tidp tuc o6 ging dua vio kho tit vg cia ban ‘it nhat mdi ngay mét tir mdi. Nhimg ti nay sé di vio b6 nhé+ néu duge lap lai nhiéu lin; vi thé, khi da chon xong tit/cde tit cia minh thi hay bio dim ring ban sir dyng chiing thang xuyén va 06 higu qua. ‘Thit ba, chii ¥ phat hign nhing ti mdi va hay trong khi im thoai. Néu ngai nhér ngwdi ndi dinh nghia tir ngit ma ho ding thi ban hay ghi nhgn tir 46 that nhanh vio du hoge viet ra gidy réi tra tirdién sau. ‘Thié tu, chi § phit hign cdc tit mdi Khi ban doc bat k} ndi dung nao, Dimg ghi chiing ra gidy khi dang doc ma hay dénh du bing but chi ri sau dé tra ti din Va euéi cing, néu oé himg thi, ban hay dén nha sich hoie the vign dia phuomg dé tim m@t cudn sich hung din vé tie Yung — c6 vai loai sich nhur thé va da s6' rat hau ich.Toqu, loc (tirloqui) ue (irl) ‘man (tirmanus) amit, mise (tixmittere) ‘mort (tt mors) thi gan trditin cathe vithin fi ph ida din dt clit bing nw im, the bide ahem tit wit chin wii inh sing tay fi Vide aerate, aeroplane (thdnig Rt, may amorous, amateur, amiable sein nghiép du, déng yeu) annua, aniversary (hang nam, niém) auditorium, audit (pong vhinh gid, tod) biography st si) captive (i gion cd) capital, per capita, decapitate (ahi theo dé ngs, xt) chronology, chronic ign dic cordial (chin shamh) ‘corporation (tgp doa) Aly, deity ohn, than as tate (doe cin 1d) aquedoct, duke, ductile (ing dn céing naic, dé win) ‘egotism (tink ich by) equidistant (Bhoing cich bing manufacture, eleent (in su, he) fraternity (ink an em) geology (diab) calligraphy, graphology, telegraph -olvit dep, shud xem chee, dig bdo) location, local (i, da pum) eloquence, circumlocution (xe ‘10% ndi quamh co) elucidate (li sing 1) 1 ‘manuscript, manipulate (bin vid thao de) admit, permission (hitanhdn, se immortal (bd ni) Neha the ue oak, ci ise hin phobia, phobe iss photo fh sing preun ing ti, ha th toh thn pos posit + dade ‘ot poss, poten cb thi ning (cirponerte) ‘quacrere i ctv, tin kiéa og (trrogare) bi serib, crip va (ieserbere) sent, ens (trsentire) sol ph ‘spect (ti spicere) ‘ir (ispirare) fen (titendere) fen (tirenere) therm (tirthermos) in uals bovich en, vent (tirvenire) dé ert, vers wey (tsverter) id, vie (ividere) this, xem Vids omnipotent, omnibus (cd gun ue 06 hn, xe bs) paternal (had nave cha) sympathy, pathology (hong cm, Bene 3) hn) impede, millepede, pedal (cin iri, dmg ‘vdt nhiéw chdn, bin dap) hycrophobe, xenophobia (so mui, inh ‘bai ngoai) photography (a clup dn) preumonia (im phi) epost, postion (4dr ope, of potential, possible (im nding, cd thé) inguiry, query (dw tra, cu hi) imterogste (thd ein) scribble, script, inscribe (id neo hich ‘ban, khde) sensitive, sentient (dé tin chiang, 6 tri ie) solos, slate (di ia lip) philosopher (gi) introspective, inspect (ni qu, hin ta) ingpiration (nguén ei hig) extend, tense (md réng, cing thdng) ‘tenant (chal wha) thermometer (nhiér bé) lity, ule (enh hu dug, st dng) advent, convenient (sudén gan, dé di dén) revert, adverse (0rd lai, ngewe) supervisor, vison, provident (ein th, thy lu, fo xa)(Baiap V6 Tir vung Un viet Ta yung 3 (a) ‘a, expire b. translucent ©. audition d. sophist e. annuit f. agoraphobia g. querulous Wh. amiable 1. thermal j. ‘k. graphology 1. impotent m. telepathy n. soliloquy 0, homologous 1. A person who is friendly and loveable is often descr as A is a wise or would-be learned man, 3. Material through which light can travel is, You are if you are unable to perform or An is a payment made yearly. When an actor stands alone on a stage and himself his speech is known as a The word , which now usually means tof away or die, derives from the idea of breathing out 8. Ifa bone is out of joint, or misplaced, we say itis 9. The transference of thoughts from one mind to an over a distance is known as .. means to be alike in proportion, ¥ structure; to be in a corresponding position. Apperson who is quarrelsome and discontented, complains in questioning manner is means pertaining to heat. A trial hearing of an applicant for employment, ly im the case of actors and singers, is known as af is the controversial art of analysing pe ality from handwriting If you suffer from a fear of open spaces, you suffer argument is one that stretches the truth in order to convince. is the study of the physical features of the crust of the Earth. .. isto take complete control of the attention; to overcome by charm of manner and appearance. 5. A person who considers himself to be the centre of the universe is described as a term usually reserved for God, is occa sionally applied to people who seem to know everything. A is someone who holds that actions are right only if they are useful. An accu i§ a statement which comes between a person and his intended action; a prohibition ‘The murder of one's own father is known as If something is made by, or results from art; if it is in some way artificial, we say itis an The is that time of year when both day and night are of equal length, A i. is a steward or servant (someone who waits on you hand and foot!) means to cause to come together; to call to an assembly. ‘That which has a material body is said to be is leading or carrying away, usually by fraud or force248 Shc Dey Og Mae Ti-gng th wit cata (249 ‘Tiwng 30 ‘a. chronometer bb. imposition . subrogation a. elucidate _ Tom tat Phin bén e. insensate f. desolation . morbid In. vertigo 1. remt ‘Trong phan nay, ching ta da tp trung tao ning vién gach J. fraternise kk. empathy 1. pneumatic m. bioplasm dé dit nén ting cho tri thie cia ban thong qua phuong phip nn, aerodynamics. 0. tenacious lap So d6 Tu duy, dng thdi sit dung kign thée vé edu tric 1. A person who is destitute of sense or given to ex oan két hap vii kp thutt doc trade chi diém nbimn ning t6c we call 0 dge va mite 49 tiép thu lén mite cao hon. 2 is the power to project one’s feelings i Ba chong vé cich phat trién tir vimg chic chin sé giip an object or person, and so reach full understanding, ban nang cao tri thie tong quat, déng thdi lim cho kha nang means to shed light on, to make clear. va mae d6 tiép thu cia ban ting lén ding ké, Ti a6, te 40 A drill is one that uses compressed air, gc cia ban cing sé ting do mite a6 tiép thu ciing kha ning An instrument that finely measures time is a... nhgn biét cic Tir Khda/Khai nigm Chii dao ting, va do ban A person is one who holds on, no ms Khong cdn phai doc Iai ee tit/doc nguoc lai nhé vén tir vung what the circumstances, ngiy cing higu qua hon etia ban. A is money sent to you, The science which deals with the forces exerted by and by gaseous fluids is The germinal matter for all living things is 4 When people associate as brothers, we say they ...1 Mapa, If something is it reminds us of death. . 2, An may be defined as the act of placi Bay gids, ban da due trang bi ton bp kin thie co bin vé mit, néo putting on; a burden, often unwelcome. cling céc kf thuft hoe tap quan trong, Do dé, ban da sin sing dé is when you substitute someone else for chuyéin sang nhiig ky thuét tién tin 4¢ o6 thé dat higu qua cao yourself in respect of your legal rights. han nia trong vige hye, lam chi duge ede chéng tap chi, bio, bin 2 refers to that which is deserted, laid hi nbé dang ngay cing gia ting, x IV nhing thing tin dién ti, solitary, forsaken. thuing thie cde tée phém van hoc tinh té (gim tiéu thuyét, tha) is a fecling of giddiness. tron ven han, tao due th vin kin thie ngaly cng phong ph on cho bin thin, va khém phé nhing khi ndng phi thudng cia ban. Moi khia canh vita néu déu sé duge bin dén trong Phan ném ~ Tr thanh Kign tuimg Doc: Nang cao ciich sit dung ede hé théing mat/ndo cata ban.TW hi Ko rg Oe 254 Ruan -thit I thi, cau tr 16 Ti 06 thé Sp dung kign thie ngly cing ae phong ph tia ban cho 14% cd cic trubng hop trén. Nhung a Tro thanh fan da hoe va 8 tip tyc hge qua sich ny I toin bo ky ning ys “ doc ma tir &é ban cé thé chon ra phuong phap pha hop hoe Kién tuong Doc: it hop cée phurmeg phip cho phi hop vi tie vu/muc dich ‘i doc cu thé cia minh, “Tr bay git di, mdi trang sich ma ban doe st dig tip «an theo nhtmg cich oi ke nhau; ri ban s& quen thude wt Jd nghia gidng nhur chi ci heo quen thude w6i moi trerg mae Tir nim 1966, toi da day nhang nguyén 1 oo bin v8 Ngoal ra, bla lm cn cung . thing tam thing chin dy thang mudi Trong “va tru mot nam” ca Russell, tio vi vi don bio bit du xuat hign vio: 2, diu thing chin b. du thing mui ¢. dau thing musi mot d. dau thang mudi hai Trong “Vd tru mt nim” cia Russel, té tién ban so ching ta, véi hinh ding giéng loii vugn, bit du bude trong tu thé thing dmg vio: a. thing mudi b. thing mudi mgt . hai tuan cudi 4d. gid eudi eta ngay cudi cing ‘Trong “vi tra mt nim” cia Russell, ng6n ngét con ngudi bit iu phat trién: trong hai tuiin cudt b.-trong tuin cud vao dtiu gid cudi d, mot phit radi trude nia dém Trong “va try mt nim” cia Russell, Chin tran gidi thi 2 né ra trong von, mt ngiy trudc nia dém b. mét gid true nia dém ©. da dén 1/10 gidy trude nia dém d, 1/100 giay truve nia dem John McNulty use tinh mang Indi vign théng toin clu vio nim 1975 khéng phi tap hom mt viing nhé cia bo nio 6 kich thude chia bing Peter Russell tin ring Khiing hoang c6 thé @éng vai tré la chat xtc tae Ady sy tin héa len trGt ty cao hon. Diing/Sai Sin phim do quang hgp to ra — héi chuéng bio tir 4d véi nhiéu sinh vat duong thoi — la: khi CO. khi 6xy nh sing mit trdi (Cai gi se bi cfm vi “ich kj, phin turnhién, vé teach nhigm” nu cdc sinh vit duong thdi phét biéu ¥ kign trong qué tinh tin héa? Trong tirwei-chi cia tiéng Trung Quéc, phin du cia ti 6 nghia li: a. co hgi thay Ai b. van may coi chimg, nguy hiém hank phic Trong tit we-chi, phin thit hai cé nghia la: a. cor hdi thay di b. van may coi chimg, nguy hiém i. cuge séing hanh phic288 Sie Day Otro 1 hd a the Oe Hs ec So 05 Ty 287 14, Russell tin ring nin loai 0 thé thay d6i sé phan minh va chi déng hinh thanh tuong lai. Diing/ 15, Tuong lai tign héa cia dia cdu nim trong: a. lng ota cde vi thin b. tay ofa ching ta c. bO nao va tri tué cla chuing ta . thuyét hn mang Di chiéu cic cau tr’ 1di cla ban v6i dap an & trang 306, 6, chia diém s6 ciia ban cho 15 réi nhan vdi 100 dé tinh 6 tigp thu cia ban theo ty Ie phan trim. Did vé mie 46 tip thus o.oo tren 1S % Bay gid, dién diém cia ban vio hai Biéu dé tién bp & 308-309. Men ‘DA bao mhiéu lin ban cim théy chosing ngyp, nan long vi khdi lugng thing tin trong oe hing bio gp eh eng nn ti Li Ke dang ngitnging tn ban lam vig hay Ké sich cia ban? Chung tip tho 8 og din ba sh i I i hug nym ee ‘iu qud va thodi mai.Lam chi théng tin tbo, tap chi va man hinh may vi tinh ‘Chi diém * Bio Tap chi + Man hinh may vi tinh + Tém tat + Nhiing vigc cin thuc hien ‘Chuong 20 s8 eung cap cho ban cde phuting phap rat hieu qui ‘dy thing tin ligm quan tit béo, tgp chi va man hinh may vi ‘Thing tin tt fe ngudn nay thing chiém hon 50% long dung doe cia hau hét moi ngubi (mot si trvng hop 1a I Bao, tap chi, min hinh may vi tink 1 mhiing cainh cita sb nnhin ra thé gidi, 0d, trong xu thé’ ngay céng tang, nhin ra Néu hidu dupe dac tink cing m6t sO pug phép moi dé cede nguén thing tin néu trén, ban co thé’ sang hiéw sui or ‘oue nay én gap madi lan, Bao Bao lA mét phan qua quen thugc trong cu6c sOng hang ngay ia ching ta dén mae it khi ching ta chjwr ngig lai dé thay 46 1a sy phat trign rit mi. Trude thé’ ky thet 20, ting néi cia bio chi gin nhu khong tdn tai d0i ves céng ching, Lic 4%, bao chi yeu chi la cfc t6 tin tte v6i rat ft phan phan tich hoje x3 lun, Tuy nhién, ob mgt ngoai le dng ghi nhan, 46 la to The Times, voi nhimg bai tudmg thuait binh lugn vé cue chién Crimean vio nim 1855, due xem nhw di 6 anh hudng dén vy sup 46 Noi cic va t4i t6 dire quan Agi Anh. ‘The ky thir 19 chuimg kién sy phit trién On dinh cia bao chi thé gidi nhd vige 4p dung may Foudrinier 16 thé sin xuat gigy theo m@t t0 lién tyc. Song song véi sy phait trién nay Ta sur 16m manh cia cic mang truyéh théng va gido due trén pham vi toin cdu; nhu clu vé thong tin ting nhanih, vi so ngwdi biét doc cing ting, Digu dé da din dén sy ra didi cia nhidu ter bao trén thé gidi tir nim 1840 dén nim 1900, Vao dau thé kj 20, bao chi rat phat’ trién, nhung ngay trong thdi diém hign nay, sau mot théi gian tén tai kha ngén, nhiéu t6 bio 4a lam vao tinh trang khé Khidn. Cé thé ké ra vai If do nhur sur phit trién cia v6 tuyén truyé!n hinh v6 c&ch dua tin bing *hinh anh dng”, sy phé bign «ia ban tin dign vi cing mang Internet véi cach dua tin nhanh chéng va mang tinh tiy bién ci nhan. Bio chi ign nay dang phan ting tré lai bing cich ty tich hop vao nhing mang luréi nay Phuong Tay 06 thé dang bude vao métt thai dai ma bao sé thay d6i chic ning cia nd; nghia la gidm |bét vige dua tin tite thei, nhanh chéng va ting thém phan t6mi t&t, phan tich, binh Juan, _{A Sic By Boe Nea Cang cin diém nhanh qua vé s6 lung phit hinh va uring cia cfc t8 bio khie tren thé gigi. 1. Té Asahi Shimbun cia Tokyo. Sé lugng phat hinh gu ban/ngiy. Nhat bao nay khong chi mang tinh quan ching ma cin c6 nk hung siu rong vé chinh tri vixa héi. ‘To Jen Mink Jik Pao cia Bic Kinh. $6 lueng phat 2,5 trigu bin/ngiy. Tuy s6 lung niy khong cao, nh 66 l8 day la t8 bio dn véi nhiéu ngudi hon bat ky to ba nio khée trén thé gidi. Jen Mink Jih Pao 1a kenh thOn tin nha nude cia ci Trung Quéc, duye phit tren d truyén thanh, xe lia, trong cic nha may, néng trad Ching ta eding c6 thé thay nhimg to bao nay trong ede t kigng trumg bay hing, 6 nhing giao 19 va Khu chg. To The New York Times. SO lxmg phit hinh 1 t ban/ngiy. Mt lin nda, con sonay khéng phan nh dim thyc t@ (tim anh hudng cia né — ND), vi toc git d yu cla t The New York Times li nhing chuyén gia ki 1é, chinh tr), truyén thong hing du & My cing nhiéu nude phuong Tay. Do a6, t6 bao o6 anh hudng, rong én cdc nhan v§t hinh thinh cng luan quéc te. That sy thi dai da s6'nhimg to bo chat lung cia the gid d hie khi 6 s6 Iunmg phat hinh vuyt qué 500 nghin bin m : tor Neue Zurcher Zeitung cia Thuy Si Anh va Le Monde cia Phip. Cing gidng nhu Jih Pao va 7 New York Times, trong cic tang hop via néu, con 36 4 Tuyng bao phit hinh cé thé phin anh khong chinh xée Juomg eda chiing vi anh huimg cia cic to bao nay rit 16 Cée phuong phap doc bio Sau ki da xét boi cinh qué té va lich si ea bio, chiing ta hay néi ngin gon vé cich doc béo sao cho 6 higu qui nhat. Diu tien, cin c6 phuong phip tigp cin o6 he thong. Nhiéu ngudi mit hing gid dé doc mot t& bio md thy minh cting ching tip thu duge gi hon so vai khi méi bit dau doc. ‘Cho dl dgc béo nao thi cting nén xéc dinh trusic cdc muc dich doc, Dé dé lim duge diéu nay, ban hay luén xem nhanh qua té bio true khi doc dé chon nhing doan viét, bai vigt mi ban mudn doc ky hon, Néen chit ¥ cach trinh bay va kigu in. Vi dy, néu ban biét bai viet duge tigp tue & vj tri ndo thi sé dé tén cong lat trang va tim kiém, Phan lin moi ngudi déu cd khuynh huring mua té bio 5 cling quan diém véi ho, Néi céch khéc, ho muh ty tin duyong minh vio méi buéi sing hoe ti! Se ly tht: hon néu méi ngiy trong tudn ban mua mét ta béo khéc nhau dé so sinh, dat chiéu cic cich trink bay, nhing xu thé chinh tr, hudmg tip cin cia phéng vién, I6i dign gidi sw kién vi mde a9 bao quit thong tin, Hay thi im nhur vay vio tudn ti. Nén kiém tra dQ chinh xac ciia cic ban tin. Toi dim chic chin ring nhimg ai di tham gia mot Ié tigc hay sy kign duge tung thuat vio ngiy hém sau thudng c6 chung ¥ nghi: “chuygn xay ra hodn todn khdng phai nhu vay’. Tin tite duge tudng thuat béi con ngudi, va con ngudi 6 thé o6 dinh kign hoe theo “chi trumg” nio dé cia ban bién tap. “Tudng thuat sai lac”, néu ching ta got nhu vay, kh6ng hin 1a ed’ ¥. Méi ngudi déu cé khuynh huéng cim nh§n tinh hudng theo mét sic thai khéc nhau,m ay oe ma Phéng vién li con ngudi, va 06 thé ho da cing chit kign sy kign 6: nhtmg vi tri khic nhau, (Vi du, phés vién 6 gitta dim d6ng dang chay tan loan va phéng quan sdt dam dong chay tin loan tir m6t tda nha dinh sé c6 hai cich téng thuat kha Chap nhgn inh kién co bin va tit chuyén sang phan tudmg thugt sy kign. Phor ¢ghi nhanh nhing gi cin tung thuat, mat théi gian tro ‘ché 06 chiée may vi tinh cia minh, réi tai tao lai dau sy kign da xay ra, Mot lin na, sé cd cic thay déi nhé khong thé khdi vé trong tam vi sy dinh béng nhimg tir ding migu ti tink hudng. Lic bai tuomg thuat duge vigt xong thi phi qua bién tap va tai bien tap, réi cudi cling xuit hign’ trang bio. Cé thé thay ngay ci khi c6 § dinh viet sao cho thue nhat thi cing khé 06 duge mot bai turmg thuat toin khich quan, Do &é, bio chi cic loai nén duge voi déi mit biét nhin xét hon mie thong thudng, nhdng thong tin tung thuat trén bio phai duge ching bing cic nguén khéc nhu truyén thanh, hinh, nhimg béo khéc vi cée mang miy vi tinh, Sau khi da hiéu tir buvie 1 dén buvie 6, bay gid, ban ob thu hign ei nhiy vot trong doc béo bing cach lim che huxing din sa Xée dinh nhimg mue tiéu chinh eta ban khi doe 10 bio va c6 ging bim cing sit cing tat. Doe ludt va doc dé cic bai viet, trang bio, hing ky thujt 43 duge phic thio & chuemg 9. Diing vat huring din tir d4u dén cust. S ei ana nite d. Khi dgc lust va doc dé, danh dau cde bai viet ma ban ge bigt quan tam. Cit nhang bai viét ma ban sé si dung va quan tam lau. dai, Vit bd phan con lai ciia ta béo cing sém cing tot! g. Ding mét So dé Tu duy dé ghi nh§n nhiing théng tin méi quan trong hoc bat ky théng tin nao ma ban cd, thém trong mdi ngiy, méi tuin hoe mdi nim. ‘Tap chi Tap chi gidng nhu bio vé nhiéu phuomg dién; thé nén, cic cich tigp can vita dé cap 6 trén cting duge 4p dyng cho logi niy. Tuy nhién, o6 mét s6 diém khéc bit quan trong cin chit + Bai viet trén tap chi thuong dai hon trén bao. ‘Tap chi thudmg 6 nhiéu hinh anh minh hga hon va ching cing nhiéu miu sic hon * Tap chi khéng phat hinh theo thdi han khit khao nh bio nén cd khuynh hung tin man hon. Do o6 sy khic bigt nhwr thé nén vige chon bé cyc hop ly trong bai viet dinh cho tap chi thuring d& hom. That vay, phiin Ién kg gif viet tap chi déu duoc day viét theo phuong chiim “cho ge gid biet nhiing gi minh sé néi, n6i cho ho bist, rdi cho ho bigt ring minh da néi xong”. Phuong chain trén 6 ngbia 1a hau nhur cfc bai viet trén tap chi déu bat ddu bing mot cau “khé hiéu” hoi “lim ngudi doc ri ngay sau dé la mot cau rat ro ring vé myc dich iét. Phin nay la “cho dc gia biét nhimg gi minh séTigp theo la than bai — lung chinh cia bai vigt. Tron bao gém nhiing lp luan hop Ij, iia ngudi viét. Day 14 phin *néi cho ho biét”. Phin cud cia bai viet, phan dinh, fa phin mi ngudi vit dng kiéu két thie linh hogt hofe “ed site thuyét phuc” 4 diém Iai lugn dé chinh nhim thuyét phuc hoin toin ngug ddgc. Phin nay li “cho ho bigt ring minh di néi xong”, Ban s@ nhin thay céng thie via néu rit gidng voi “dud cong nhé lai trong kie hoc” 6 trang 255 (xem thém cudn § dung Tri tug cia Ban v4 Sit dung Tri nhé cia Ban). Biét ket cfu ny, ban o6 thé doc dé moi bai viet trong t chi véi higu qui cao hon rat nhiéu, béi ban sé biét chink 4 can tim théng tin. Vige doc lit cling sé tré-nén dé néu trén hét ban biét két catu cia bai viet khi doc. ‘Téng duy@t tap chi Phuong phip tuyét vai va If thi dé dgc tit cd cic tap cht ban la t6 chite “tng duy@t tap chi” hing thing. Diu nay cd nghia li ban dé dinh toin bé tap chi cia mit cho m@t dip dic bigt trong méi thing. Vio dip nay, chudn bj 4€ doe nhanh tat cd ede trang ci stu tap duge bing ky thuat siéu hudmg Ban nén dé dung cu dém nhip véi téc 46 it nhit nhip/phié va ty bit minh phii lt tang theo mai nhipy nhanh vat siéu huving din xuoi xuding trang gidy. Mue ip nay la gitip ban chi chon nhimg trang ma ban th Ban phai xé ngay cic trang nay ra rdi tigp tue tap chi theo téc d6 eta dung cu dém nip, Di nh ma i ay ann 28, hang trang ban chon phii 6 bil viet ma ban dic bit quan tam vi cé thé cé nhimg hinh anh hip din ban, cde bite ve ban dic bigt thich hog nhi quing cio ban sé can én sau nay, Viv~Hay xép chiifg thinh mét xip gon ging vi loai bd khéng thuomg tiée céc noi dung khéng cin thidt. Trong cdc khéa Day Doc Nang Cao ciia Trung tim Buzan, mot con sé théng ké hip din da xuit hign: trong hon 99% tring hap, long thong tin trung binh dug gi lai sau lin doc dau tign thuemg 1a 2-10%. Nhidu hoc vign cim théy nhe nhom vi dot nhien trét duoc ginh ning thong tin khéng 16 «én mite ho reo lén vi hd hét phan khoi trong hic ném nhimg cudin tap chi khéng cin diing ntfa vito gida phang hoc! Khi da chon dupe cic phin thong tin thich hap, ban hiy doe lai Kin thé hai. Lin nay, ban phi phan loai vi sip xép ching thin timg muc thich hgp. Vi da phan tap chi déu 6 dliém twomg déng do nhim dén cing di tuong doe gia nén théng thudng ban sé thay cd mgt s6 bai bin vé nhimg noi dung twong tw, va nhur thé, Iueng théng tin phii doc ciia ban |i duge giim thém nda. Bic biét, ban cé thé léng cfc hinh nh dep hay nhing bite hoat hinh di dém vio cic ni dung doe khée dé cé nhimg gly phuit thir gian thoai mai khi hoc, hoge ban cing cé thé sip xép chiing theo cic phin dic biét dink riéng cho ching. Néu theo phuong phap nay thi thong thug ban chi cin doc chua dén 1% cudn tap chi — tiét kiém dug hon 99% ‘dng ste cén lai! Sau khi da téng duyét tap chi cia minh, bat kj thong tin nao én lai ma ban muén hm git déu 6 thé duge tich hop: vio Hé so Kign thite ciia ban — xem chuong 21.276 sien oe Ox Vige doc tir min hinh may vi tinh o6 thé dé ding hon 1 nho vio sy diéu chinh hai théng s+ moi truong (@ la anh sing) va ky thugt doc cia ban. Cai thign méi trugng méy vi tinh eta ban : Thik nghiém céc logi anh sing khic nhau, B inh sing déu, r0, dju va khong bj chéi. Anh sim khong thich hp 06 thé lim giim dén 50% téc 49 dg cia ban; do vay, cin bio dim ring ban o6 loai anh thich hap cho nhu edu cia minh. 2. BS tumg phan: BO tuong phin cao sé gitip ban do hom, nhé dé tip thu tot hon vi doc nhanh hon, Sé vé miu che cting nb phng nén thay 6i tiy theo ngudi, vi thé, mot lan nia, ban hay thir nghiém dé B hig miu nio di véi nhau sé thich hop nat cho b Céc mau phé bign thing li chi den tren nén tring cam trén nén den vi cht xanh nude bién trén nén Nhung dij sé thich cia ban 6 nh thé nio di nia caing hay chinh 46 tuong phin vi d6 sing ciia min bi cho dén khi doc durge chit & mic r6 nhit, Néu anh $4 trong phdng lim vige cia ban thay déi, hay chinh d twong phin cila min hinh dé ba lai. Sit dung ede kj thugt doc nhanh trén man hinh may tinh cia ban |. Diing ode siéu huing dén: Mot vat siéu huémg din mom di, vot nit 1a chi kkhi ban doc tir mat thoai mai hon va ci hu @gc tir trang sich. Ban 6 thé ding vat siéu hung din két hop véi niit Jin dng (line pacer: nit gida con chugt ~ ND) aia may vi tinh, hin mai tén “xudng” va chinh t6e 46 cho phi hgp rdi 4é vat hung din chuyén dich qua lai khi cic trang lin lugt xudt hign true mit ban. Néw ngéi ding tu thé, ban s@ cam thay thoai mai va d& chju hon ngudi khong ding vat si¢u hudng din. Vige ding kj thuat trén sé loai be tinh trang mat cing. thing thudng gip 6 nhiing ngudi doc trén man hinh may vi tinh; ngoai ra cing gitip loi bo duge chimg méi 06, ho hap bj han ché, khom vai va dau hmg duéi, Nhg li cit sau mai 10 hay 15 phiit doc nhanh trén man my vi tinh, ban phai cho m&t nghi ngoi bing cich nhin rio\quanh phéng; hay nhdt i nhin- vio khoing khong hoje nin ra xa, Bing cich nay, ban sé khong bi chimg m6j mat thong thudng. 2. Chon big chit shich hop: Cac loai may vi tinh hign nay 6 nhiéu Jdéu chi, Bing bim vio mét kiéu “tiéu chun’. Hay/¢hon kiéu nao cho cim giéc d& chju nhat ai v6i he thong mit/ndo cia ban vio thdi diém dang dye. A. Chon ché' dé dan ding (line spacing) thick hop: May vi tinh “ eiia ban 6 nhiéu ché a9 dan déng. Hay chon ché 46 phit hop nhit véi ban, Ché ag dan dng don kha phé bign vi 1né gidp tim nhin ngoai vi cia ban c6 digu kign tot hom 46 tigp thu eéc khdi thong tin kim 6 méi quing ngimg. Nhamg thu kj diéu hinh tham diy mét khéa hoe gin diy dinh cho tre If gidm déc cée céng ty da quée gia cia Trung tim Hoi nghi chau Au ké Iai ring méi ngiy ho phii danh (©) Management Centre Europe (MCE) Ii mgt rong sing righ lin nhat cia chiw Au v6i dig tich 7.800m’, dt 6 ccang cp che dich vy hd thio, phi dich, nha hing, 620-60% thai gian @é doc thong tin trye tig td man hinh may vi tinh hofe tt nhimg bin in ra, vi cho biét véi khoi lugm thong tin duye gibi den qua may fax, email ngiy cing nhirhign nay thi ty s6 phin trim nay sé cOn tip tue ting Nhu edu doc nhanh vi thé ngiy cing cp bach hon trong. phang hign dai Che phuong phép doc nhanh duye néi dgn tren. t6c d6 doc cia ban trén man hinh may vi tinh ting len ba lin, Diéu ny nghia li sO gid ban cin ngéi true man miy s& giim xudng ding ké, nhé 46, mit ban sé ing thing va mét mdi. Vige gc thong tin tren béo, tap chi, man hin méy vi thé tre nén If thi, vui, nhan, c6 higu qua nétu ban dung cic ky thuat doc nhank thich hop. Nhiing vige cn thuc hign 1. Dit mua mét hay hai t8 bio cho thing wi, Tét chon cic tg béo khic véi nhimg t ma ban di dy diy. Trong thing 46, ép dung tied cic ky thuat bin dén 6 trang 271-273. 2, Téng duyét chéng tap chi ma ban di chi 6 dip trong mhiéu thing (hay thim chi nhiéw nim!) khdng roi vio tinh hudng thumg gp a6, hay ch vai 13 tap chi ban thich trong cic tuin sip tiv duygt ching. 3. Thue hinh phuong php doc nhank trén my vi tinh Adi ‘is bene 6, Tip ndi_ V6i kha ning dge nhanh va tip thu théng tin ngay cing duge ning can cing Kh nding vila hge vé céch Ia chon va sip xép thong tin ti bo, tap chi, méy vi tinh, bgn edn phat triém mot ‘su he thing’ 4@ ‘udu gidt lung kién thie dang khong ngiing gia tang ola ban trong thu vién cla riéng minh, Chudng tiép theo sé chi cho ban phuong hap higu qui nhat dé thye hien viée nay.Tao Hé so Kién thtic cla ban — Ngan hang diligu > bén ngoai bé nao cua ban Cha diém Tao Hd so Kién thiic cia ban Luu théng tin vao Hé so Kién thie cua ban Quan ly Hé so Kién thie ciia ban Lp So 6 Tu duy cho Hé so Kién thie cla ban + Hé so Kién thie co lai mat cach ky dieu?! + Nhimg vige cin thyc hién )) lf i ‘Néu ign thie 1 mot dom vi thi kign A Bdrm nha eh eta ( G giai doan nay cia Sick Day Doc Nhanh, ben d& sin 8 HE go Kién thie cho ring minh ~ mgt “vm di ligu” mia chim sée bing eéch dimg eée kF nang (Titi théng tin vao HE so Kién tht cia ban (Qhan ly Hé so Kién thite cia ban é tgo Hé se Kin thie cia minh, ban can mgt bia dimg hé sor tigu chun véi nhimg td nhua ming, If tumg nit 1 loai chia duge 500 trang va c6 céc phin phin cich riéng biét cho méi Tinh vic chi ma ban quan tim. Cé thé dé ding biét nhing linh vue nay bing céch tao mot So dé Tur duy véi tam la hinh anh ca ban dang tur vin, Hay nhanh chéng lap So &é Turduy cho tat ca cic linh vue kién thie ma ban dc biet quan tam; nhiing nhinh chinh cia So dé Tur duy sé mang lai cho ban mot cdi nhin dau tien rat r6 ring vé ching. Sau khi di xc dinh céc link vac ma minh die bigt quan tam, giai doan tigp theo la lau théng tin vio mai phan, Vie niy duge thye hign bing cich dua vio hé so bit kj So dé Tw duy tém tit nio ma ban di lip ra trong hic doc, tim higu ting Tinh vue kign thie; va dic bigt li bing céch lu nhimg bai viet ma ban di chon khi doc béo/tap chi (xem chnamg 20). Can quin lf théi gian, Hé sor Kién thie cing nhur bin thin 0 tinh t& va higu qui. Cd mOt cich dé thyc hign 14 chon nhumg bai Tinh vue ma ban quan tam trong vong mét thing va. xem ching nhur mét cudn sich, réi vio cudi thing, ban doc ching hur doc mét cud sich. Két hap cic ky ning doc nhanh cia ban véi Ky thuit Hoc tap theo Quan hé Hom co ciia So. dd Tur dluy (xem chiamg 19), higu qua doc cia ban sé ting len theo nhiéu cach, Thi nat, khi doc timg bai viet va thong tin, ban s& c6 trang thi tinh than gidng nhukhi doc sich; thithai, ban vige na gt cling théng tin thich hop véhop véi nhau; va thit ba, nhiéu bai xuit bin 6 thoi diém gin nhaw s€ c6 khuynh hung lip théng tin, do d6, ban o6 thé tiét ki¢m cho minh hang ‘odng site bing cach luét qua nhing théng tin duuge lip lai ay, [EapSe 48 Tir diy cho Hé so Kién thite cua ban Khi doc Hé so Kien thie theo phuong phap nay, ban hay li cfc phin tom tit hign dang phit trién vé long kin thite ng cing ting cia ban dudi dang So dé Tw duy. Quy trinh thud xuyén duyét lai va tich hop nhw vay s@ gidip ban khéng nha higu duge ngi dung sau hon ma cdn nhé chinh xéc hom. Si két hop dé sé diva ban dén giai dogn tigp theo: So dé Tw duy Chi dao. Trén So d6 Tu duy Chit dao cia minh, ban hay t6m tit t cd nhumg yéu 16 chinh cia bit kj Tinh vyc kién thie nao, Bay 1a “ma Chit dao” dé b6 no ciia ban c6 thé truy cip vio ngi hing dit ligu khéng 16 iia n6. Khi So dé Tu duy Chi dao a ban phat trign, cac ranh gidi cia né bat diu tiép néi voi ran gidi cia nhing dé tai khic, Ide 6, kién thie sin od cia b sé c6 tic dung try Iyc vé m§t lien tudng gidp ban bict hon nif, Cac linh vue kién thie khic nhau s@ bit dau dan xe theo céch tinh té hon, va cudi cing, ban sé tign dén giai d 6 duge long kién thiie téng quat toin dign. Khi vige m tré thinh hign thyc, ban sé thay mt diéu: cing biét abit inh cing dé biét nhiéu hon! |HO\soKién thie co lai mot cach ky die ic hoe vién cia t6i — nhing ngudi da ph trién H6 so Kién thite vi So dé Tw duy Chi dao — déu tha 6 mét su kign kj digu xay ra sau théi gian tit 2 dén 5 nim, 6 la, Hé so Kién thitc ciia ching t6i that su bit dau co lai. Nguyen nhan i khi nén tang kign thike ca ban phat trién, kha ning nhé va tich hep ign thie bé sung cing phat trién theo Néu tigp tuc vun béi H6 so Kién thic, ban sé thiy 06 nhiéu bai viet ma truve diy minh cho 13 “quan trong” bay gio 6 thé bé di, Nhé thé, Hé so Kién thie sé tré thinh phan tém tit c6 dong, tinh té va vugt thei gian vé nhing tinh tay trong cdc linh vue kién thie ma ban quan tam, Lie €6, ban sé tro thinh mot Kign tung vé hoc tap. 1. Tao lap, xay dmg va sir dung Hé so Kin thie cia ban. 2. Thu hanh cic ky thuat siéu huéng din nang cao, chuan bi cho Bai ne kidm ra cudi cing va ting t6e dén mite toi da, 3. Duyét lai toin bo Siéch Day Doc Nhank, diing vat siéu hhuimg din, chudn bj cho So dé Tw duy cust cing cia ban. Tio Hung dén hai chuong eufi va Bai we hiém tra cud cing ela ban!Cam thu van chuong va thi ca * Gioi thieu * Nhong yéu 16 cia van chuong + Tom tit + Nhimg vige can thye hién Tai 20 Iai doe tha va van chug? Béi qua tée phim, cdc tm én vi dai trong lich sit da tao nén nhimg née thang giup ching ta di vao thé gidi cla tuing tuomg kj do, cia ¥ tung, triét ly, tigng cui, mao hiém; béi nhi doe tho va vin chuomg, ban Lamy situ thém vn kin thde ing nh ngin bang di ligu vé lich a vin ha. ca ban; bai tho va vin chuong la tite an nui du Van chuong li mét trong nhimg hinh thie bigu dat vi dai ni cho sr sing tgo cia con nguti, Trong chung nay, ban 5 ume cung cap cdc céng cu co ban dé thuing thire vin chug theo diing nghia, ‘Tiéu thuyét la mot thanh tuu to Ién vé nhan thie. Muén thudng thie tron ven tiéu thuyét, ban cin biét nhang Khfa canh sau day: bé cuc, chi dé, trigt lf, quan diém, céch phat trién nhan vat, trang thi va bau khéng Khi, béi cinh, hinh tuong, biéu tugng, céch sit dung ng6n tir. Tuong ty nhu vay, mudn thuing thi tho, ban cin biét vé cfc tang nghia khic nnhau trong bit kj bai tho nio. Cing hiéu nbiéu vé nhing yéu t6 neu trén thi t6c 46 doc va mite 46 tigp thu cia ban cing ting. Néu dang hoc vin

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