n thi i hc vt l 2013 2014

QUYN I

SNG C
H
v
tn:
..
Lp:
Thi
gian
lm:
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Hu, 6/2013
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A- L THUYT C BN PHN SNG

1. Sng c
S
Vn tc truyn sng: v = t = T = f .
Hai im trn phng truyn sng cch nhau mt s nguyn ln
bc sng (d = k) th dao ng cng pha, cch nhau mt s nguyn l
na bc sng (d = (2k + 1) /2 ) th dao ng ngc pha.
Nng lng sng: W = m2A2/2
Nu ti ngun pht O phng trnh sng l uO = acos(t + ) th
phng trnh sng ti M trn phng truyn sng l: uM = acos(t + 2 OM / ) = acos(t + - 2 x / ).
lch pha ca hai dao ng gia hai im cch nhau khong d trn
phng truyn sng: = 2 d / .
2. Giao thoa sng
Nu ti hai ngun S1 v S2 cng pht ra hai sng ging ht nhau (hai
dao ng pht ra t hai ngun cng pha hay gi l hai ngun ng b)
c phng trnh sng l: u1 = u2 = Acost v b qua mt mt nng
lng khi sng truyn i th th sng ti M (vi S 1M = d1; S2M = d2) l
tng hp hai sng t S1 v S2 truyn ti s c phng trnh l: uM =
2Acos

( d 2 d1 )
cos(t

(d 2 + d1 )
).

lch pha ca hai sng t hai ngun truyn ti M l:

=

2 (d 2 d1 )
.

Ti M c cc i khi d2 - d1 = k; c cc tiu khi

d2 - d1 = (2k + 1) / 2 .
S cc i v cc tiu trn on thng ni hai ngun l s cc gi tr
ca k (k Z) tnh theo cng thc (khng tnh hai ngun):
Cc i:
Cc tiu:

S 1 S 2
S 1 S 2
+
+
<
k
<
.

2
SS
S1 S 2 1
1
1 2 +
+
<
k
<

2 2

2 2

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Vi: = 2 - 1. Nu hai ngun dao ng cng pha th ti trung

im ca on thng ni hai ngun l cc i. Nu hai ngun dao ng
ngc pha th ti trung im ca on thng ni hai ngun l cc tiu.
S cc i v cc tiu trn on thng ni hai im M v N trong
vng c giao thoa (M gn S2 hn S1 cn N th xa S2 hn S1) l s cc gi
tr ca k (k z) tnh theo cng thc (khng tnh hai ngun):
Cc i:

S 2 M S1M

S 2 M S1M

2
1

2
2

<k<

S 2 N S1 N

S 2 N S1 N

.
1

Cc tiu:
- +
<k<
- 2 + 2 .

3. Sng dng
Sng ti v sng phn x nu truyn cng phng, th c th giao
thoa vi nhau, to ra h sng dng.
Trong sng dng c mt s im lun lun ng yn gi l nt, v
mt s im lun lun dao ng vi bin cc i gi l bng.
Nu sng ti ngun c bin l a th bin ca sng dng ti
mt im M bt k cch mt im nt mt khong d s l:
AM = 2a|sin

2 d

|.

Khong cch gia 2 nt hoc 2 bng lin k ca sng dng l / 2 .

Khong cch gia nt v bng lin k ca sng dng l / 4 .
Hai im i xng nhau qua bng sng lun dao ng cng pha, hai
im i xng nhau qua nt sng lun dao ng ngc pha.
c bng sng ti im M cch vt cn c nh mt khong d th:
d = k / 2 + / 4 ; k Z.
c nt sng ti im M cch vt cn c nh mt khong d th:
d = k / 2 ; k Z.
c bng sng ti im M cch vt cn t do mt khong d th:
d = k / 2 ; k Z.
c nt sng ti im M cch vt cn t do mt khong d th:
d = k / 2 + / 4 ; k Z.
iu kin c sng dng trn si dy c chiu di l:
Hai u l hai nt hoc hai bng th: l = k / 2 .
Mt u l nt, mt u l bng th: l = (2k + 1) / 4 .
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4. Sng m
I

Mc cng m: L = lg I .
0

Cng m chun: I0 = 10-12W/m2.

Cng m ti im cch ngun m mt khong R: I =

P
4R 2

4R2 l din tch mt cu bn knh R.

Lu : Cng sut v mc cng m l nhng i lng cng c.
Tn s sng m do dy n pht ra (hai u c nh: hai u l 2
nt): f = k

v
2l

; k = 1, m pht ra l m c bn, k = 2, 3, 4, , m pht ra

l cc ha m.
Tn s sng m do ng so pht ra (mt u bt kn, mt u h:
mt u l nt, mt u l bng):
f = (2k + 1)

v
; k = 0, m pht ra l m c bn, k = 1, 2, 3, , m
4l

pht ra l cc ha m.

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B- BI TP C BN
Dng 1: Tm mt s i lng c bn ca phng trnh sng
c hc
V d 1 : Cho mt mi nhn S chm nh vo mt nc v dao
ng iu ho vi tn s f = 20Hz. Ngi ta thy rng hai im
A v B trn mt nc cng nm trn phng truyn sng cch
nhau mt khong d = 10cm lun dao ng ngc pha vi nhau.
Tnh vn tc truyn sng, bit rng vn tc ch vo khong t
0,8m/s n 1m/s.
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V d 2 : Gii thch hin tng giao thoa sng nc v v hnh
minh ha
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Cc bi tp trc nghim
Cu 1. Mt ngi quan st mt chic phao trn mt bin thy
n nh ln cao 10 ln trong 18s, khong cch gia hai ngn
sng k nhau l 2m. Tc truyn sng trn mt bin l
A. v = 1m/s. B. v = 2m/s. C. v = 4m/s.
D. v = 8m/s.
........................................................................................................
Cu 2. Trong 20 giy mt quan st vin thy 5 ngn sng bin
truyn qua trc mt th chu k ca sng l
A. 2 s
B. 2,5 s
C. 3 s
D. 5 s.
........................................................................................................
Cu 3. Ngun sng trn mt nc to ra dao ng vi tn s
50Hz. Dc theo mt phng truyn sng, khong cch gia 4
nh sng lin tip l 3cm. tc truyn sng trn mt nc l:
A. 25cm/s
B. 50cm/s
C. 100cm/s
D. 200cm/s
........................................................................................................
Cu 4. Mt sng ngang c phng trnh sng u = Acos (0,02x
2t) trong x,u c o bng cm v t o bng s. Bc sng o
bng cm l:
A. 50
B. 100
C. 200
D. 5
........................................................................................................
Cu 5. Mt sng truyn trong mt mi trng vi tc 110
m/s v c bc sng 0,25 m. Tn s ca sng l
A.440 Hz
B.27,5 Hz
C.50 Hz
D.220 Hz
........................................................................................................
Cu 6. Sng c c tn s 50 Hz truyn trong mi trng vi
tc 160 m/s. cng mt thi im, hai im gn nhau nht
trn mt phng truyn sng c dao ng cng pha vi nhau,
cch nhau
A. 3,2m.
B. 2,4m
C. 1,6m
D. 0,8m.
........................................................................................................
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Cu 7. Mt ngun sng c hc dao ng iu ha theo phng

trnh u = Acos(10 t + /2) cm. Khong cch gia hai im gn
nhau nht trn phng truyn sng m ti dao ng ca hai
im lch pha nhau /3 rad l 5m. Tc truyn sng l
A.75 m/s
B. 100 m/s
C. 6 m/s
D. 150 m/s
........................................................................................................
Cu 8. Mt mi nhn S chm vo mt nc dao ng iu ho
vi tn s f = 40Hz. Ngi ta thy rng hai im A v B trn
mt nc cng nm trn phng truyn sng cch nhau mt
khong a = 20cm lun dao ng ngc pha nhau. Bit tc
truyn sng nm trong khong t 3m/s n 5m/s. Tc l:
A. 3,5m/s
B. 4,2m/s
C. 5m/s
D. 3,2m/s
........................................................................................................
Cu 9. Mt mi nhn S chm nh vo mt nc dao ng iu
ha vi tn s 20 Hz th thy hai im A v B trn mt nc
cng nm trn mt phng truyn sng cch nhau mt khong d
= 10 cm lun lun dao ng ngc pha vi nhau. Tc truyn
sng c gi tr (0,8 m/s v 1 m/s) l
A. v = 0,8 m/s B. v = 1 m/s C. v = 0,9 m/s D. 0,7m/s
........................................................................................................
Cu 10. Mt dy n hi rt di c u A dao ng vi tn s f
theo phng vung gc vi si dy vi tc truyn sng v = 4
m/s. Xt mt im M trn dy v cch A mt on 28 cm th
thy M lun lun dao ng lch pha vi A mt gc
= (2k + 1) / 2 vi k = 0; 1. Cho bit tn s 22 Hz f 26
Hz, bc sng ca sng c gi tr l
A. 20 cm
B. 15 m
C. 16 cm
D. 32 m
........................................................................................................
Cu 11. Mt dy n hi rt di c u A dao ng vi tn s f
theo phng vung gc vi si dy vi tc truyn sng v =
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20 m/s. Hi tn s f phi c gi tr no mt im M trn dy

v cch A mt on 1 m lun lun dao ng cng pha vi A.
Cho bit tn s 20 Hz f 50 Hz
A. 10 Hz hoc 30 Hz
B. 20 Hz hoc 40 Hz
C. 25 Hz hoc 45 Hz
D. 30 Hz hoc 50 Hz
........................................................................................................
Cu 12. Sng c l g?
A. S truyn chuyn ng c trong khng kh.
B. Nhng dao ng c hc lan truyn trong mi trng vt cht.
C. Chuyn ng tng i ca vt ny so vi vt khc.
D. S co dn tun hon gia cc phn t mi trng.
........................................................................................................
Cu 13. Bc sng l g?
A. L qung ng m mi phn t ca mi trng i c
trong 1 giy.
B. L khong cch gia hai phn t ca sng dao ng ngc pha.
C. L khong cch gia hai phn t sng gn nhau nht dao
ng cng pha.
D. L khong cch gia hai v tr xa nhau nht ca mi phn t sng.
........................................................................................................
Cu 14. Mt sng c c tn s 1000Hz truyn i vi tc 330
m/s th bc sng ca n c gi tr no sau y?
A. 330 000 m. B. 0,3 m-1.
C. 0,33 m/s.
D. 0,33 m.
........................................................................................................
Cu 15. Sng ngang l sng:
A. lan truyn theo phng nm ngang.
B. trong cc phn t sng dao ng theo phng nm ngang.
C. trong cc phn t sng dao ng theo phng vung gc
vi phng truyn sng.
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D. trong cc phn t sng dao ng theo cng mt phng

vi phng truyn sng.
........................................................................................................
Cu 16. Bc sng l:
A. qung ng sng truyn i trong 1s;
B. khong cch gia hai bng sng sng gn nht.
C. khong cch gia hai im ca sng c li bng khng
cng mt thi im.
D. khong cch gia hai im ca sng gn nht c cng pha
dao ng.
........................................................................................................
Cu 17. Phng trnh no di dy l phng trnh sng:
A. x = Acos(t + )

B.

t x
u = Acos2 ( - )
T

D.

C.

x
u = Acos (t - )

t
u = Acos ( + ) .
T

........................................................................................................
Cu 18. Mt sng c hc c tn s f lan truyn trong mi trng
vt cht n hi vi tc v, khi bc sng c tnh theo
cng thc
A. = v.f;
B. = v/f;
C. = 2v.f;
D. = 2v/f
........................................................................................................
Cu 19. Pht biu no sau y khng ng vi sng c hc?
A. Sng c hc c th lan truyn c trong mi trng cht rn.
B. Sng c hc c th lan truyn c trong mi trng cht lng.
C. Sng c hc c th lan truyn c trong mi trng cht kh.
D. Sng c hc c th lan truyn c trong mi trng chn khng.
........................................................................................................
Cu 20. Pht biu no sau y v sng c hc l khng ng?
A. Sng c hc l qu trnh lan truyn dao ng c hc trong
mt mi trng lin tc.
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B. Sng ngang l sng c cc phn t dao ng theo phng

ngang.
C. Sng dc l sng c cc phn t dao ng theo phng trng
vi phng truyn sng.
D. Bc sng l qung ng sng truyn i c trong mt
chu k.
........................................................................................................
Cu 21. Pht biu no sau y v i lng c trng ca sng
c hc l khng ng?
A. Chu k ca sng chnh bng chu k dao ng ca cc phn t
dao ng.
B. Tn s ca sng chnh bng tn s dao ng ca cc phn t
dao ng.
C. Tc ca sng chnh bng tc dao ng ca cc phn t
dao ng.
D. Bc sng l qung ng sng truyn i c trong mt
chu k.
........................................................................................................
Cu 22. Sng c hc lan truyn trong mi trng n hi vi
tc v khng i, khi tng tn s sng ln 2 ln th bc sng
A. tng 4 ln. B. tng 2 ln. C. khng i.
D. gim 2 ln.
........................................................................................................
Cu 23. Vn tc truyn sng ph thuc vo
A. nng lng sng.
B. tn s dao ng.
C. mi trng truyn sng.
D. bc sng
........................................................................................................
Cu 24. Mt ngi quan st mt chic phao trn mt bin thy
n nh ln cao 10 ln trong 18s, khong cch gia hai ngn
sng k nhau l 2m. Tc truyn sng trn mt bin l
A. v = 1m/s. B. v = 2m/s. C. v = 4m/s.
D. v = 8m/s.
10 | P a g e

........................................................................................................
Cu 25. Mt ngi quan st mt chic phao trn mt h thy n
nh ln cao 10 ln trong 36s, khong cch gia 3 nh sng ln
cn l 24m. Tc truyn sng trn mt h l
A. v = 2,0m/s. B. v = 2,2m/s. C. v = 3,0m/s. D. v = 6,7m/s.
........................................................................................................
Cu 26. Ti im M cch tm sng mt khong x c phng
trnh dao ng uM = 4cos(200 t

2 x
)cm . Tn s ca sng l

A. f = 200Hz. B. f = 100Hz. C. f = 100s.

D. f = 0,01s.
........................................................................................................
Cu 27. Cho mt sng ngang c phng trnh sng l
u = 8cos2 (

t
x
)mm , trong x tnh bng cm, t tnh bng giy.
0,1 50

Chu k ca sng l
A. T = 0,1s.
B. T = 50s.
C. T = 8s.
D. T = 1s.
........................................................................................................
Cu 28. Cho mt sng ngang c phng trnh sng l
u = 8cos2 (

t
x
) mm ,
0,1 50

trong x tnh bng cm, t tnh bng giy.

Bc sng l
A. = 0,1m. B. = 50cm. C. = 8mm.
D. = 1m.
........................................................................................................
Cu 29. Cho mt sng ngang c phng trnh sng l
u = 4cos 2 (t +

x
)mm ,
5

trong x tnh bng cm, t tnh bng giy. Tc

truyn sng l
A. v = 5m/s. B. v = - 5m/s. C. v = 5cm/s.
D. v = - 5cm/s.
........................................................................................................
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Cu 30. Mt sng truyn trn si dy n hi rt di vi tn s

500Hz, ngi ta thy khong cch gia hai im gn nhau nht
dao ng cng pha l 80cm. Tc truyn sng trn dy l
A. v = 400cm/s. B. v = 16m/s. C. v = 6,25m/s. D. v = 400m/s.
........................................................................................................
Cu 31. Cho mt sng ngang c phng trnh sng l
u = 5cos (

t
x
)mm ,trong x tnh bng cm, t tnh bng giy.
0,1 2

V tr ca phn t sng M cch gc to 3m thi im t = 2s:

A. uM =0mm. B. uM =5mm. C. uM =5cm.
D. uM =2,5cm.
........................................................................................................
Cu 32. Mt sng c hc lan truyn vi vn tc 320m/s, bc
sng 3,2m. Chu k ca sng l
A. T = 0,01s. B. T = 0,1s. C. T = 50s.
D. T = 100s.
........................................................................................................
Cu 33. Mt ngi quan st mt chic phao trn mt bin thy
n nh ln cao 10 ln trong 18s, khong cch gia hai ngn sng
k nhau l 2m. Vn tc truyn sng trn mt bin l:
A. v=1m/s.
B. v=2m/s.
C. v=4m/s.
D. v=8m/s.
........................................................................................................
Cu 34. Ngun sng O dao ng vi tn s 50Hz, bin a,
dao ng truyn i vi vn tc 5m/s trn phng Ox. Xt A trn
phng Ox vi OA=32,5cm. Chn phng trnh dao ng ti A
cso pha bng ), phng trnh dao ng ti O l:
A. x = acos(100 t 0,5 )cm .
B. x = acos(100 t + 0,5 )cm .
C. x = acos(100 t )cm .
D. x = acos(100 t )cm .
........................................................................................................

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Cu 35. Ti im M cch tm sng mt khong x c phng trnh

uM = 8cos2 (

t
x
)mm . Trong x tnh bng cm, t tnh bng s. Chu
0,1 50

k v bc sng l:
A. T=0,1s; = 50cm.
B. T=50s; = 8mm.
C. T=1s; = 1m.
D. T=8s; = 50cm.
........................................................................................................
Cu 36. Mt ngi quan st mt chic phao trn mt bin , thy
n nh cao 10 ln trong khong thi gian 27s . chu k ca sng :
A. 3s
B.2,7s
C. 2,45s
D. 2,8s
........................................................................................................
Cu 37. Mt ngi quan st mt chic phao trn mt bin, thy n
nh cao 10 ln trong khong thi gian 36s v o c khong cch
gia 3 nh sng lin tip 20m . tc truyn sng trn mt bin
A. 40m/s
B. 2,5m/s
C. 2,8m/s
D. 36m/s
........................................................................................................
Cu 38. Hai im cch ngun m nhng khong 6,1m v
6,35m . tn s m 680HZ , tc truyn m trong khng kh l
340m/s . lch pha ca sng m ti 2 im trn l
A. /4
B. 16
C.4
D.
........................................................................................................
Cu 39. Sng m c tn s 450HZ lan truyn vi tc 360m/s
trong khng kh . gia 2 im cch nhau 1m trn phng truyn
th chng dao ng
A. cng pha B. vung pha C. ngc pha
D.lch pha /4
........................................................................................................
Cu 40. Ti im S trn mt nc yn tnh c ngun DH
theo phng thng ng vi tn s f .khi trn mt nc hnh
thnh h sng trn ng tm S . ti 2 im M ,N nm cch nhau
5cm trn ng thng i qua S lun dao ng ngc pha vi
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nhau . tc truyn sng trn mt nc l 80cm/s v tn s ca

ngun dao ng thay i t 48HZ n 64 HZ .tn s dao ng ca
ngun l
A. 64 HZ
B.48HZ
C. 54HZ
D.56 HZ
........................................................................................................
Cu 41. Ti im S trn mt nc yn tnh c ngun DH
theo phng thng ng vi tn s 50H Z .khi trn mt nc
hnh thnh h sng trn ng tm S . ti 2 im M ,N nm cch
nhau 9cm trn ng thng i qua S lun dao ng cng pha vi
nhau . tc truyn sng trn mt nc thay i t 70cm/s n
80cm/s. tc truyn sng l
A. 75cm/s
B.70cm/s
C. 80cm/s
D.72cm/s
........................................................................................................
Cu 42. Trong thi gian 12s mt ngi quan st thy c 6 ngn
sng i qua trc mt mnh . vn tc truyn sng 2m/s .bc sng
A. 4,8m
B.4m
C.6m
D.0,48m
........................................................................................................
Cu 43. Bc sng ca m khi truyn t khng kh vo nc
thay i bao nhiu ln . bit rng vn tc m trong nc l
1480m/s v trong khng kh l 340m/s
A.0,23 ln
B. 4,35 ln
C.1,140 ln
D.1820 ln
........................................................................................................
Cu 44. Mt quan st vin ng b bin thy sng trn mt
bin c khong cch gia 5 ngn sng lin tip l 12m. bc
sng l:
A. 12m
B.1,2m
C. 3m
D. 2,4m
........................................................................................................
Cu 45. Mt sng ngang truyn trn si dy n hi rt di vi
vn tc sng v = 0,2m/s, chu k dao ng T = 10s. Khong cch
gia hai im gn nhau nht trn dy dao ng ngc pha nhau :
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A. 1,5m.
B. 1m.
C. 0,5m
D. 2m.
........................................................................................................
Cu 46. Sng m truyn trong thp vi vn tc 500m/s. Hai

im trong thp gn nhau nht lch pha 2 cch nhau 1,54m th

tn s ca m l :
A. 80Hz.
B. 810Hz
C. 81,2Hz
D. 812Hz
........................................................................................................
Cu 47. Sng truyn t A n M cch A 4,5 cm, vi bc sng
= 6 cm. Hi D sng ti M c tnh cht no sau y?
A. Chm pha hn sng ti A gc 3/2
B. Sm pha hn sng ti A gc 3/2.
C. Cng pha vi sng ti A.
D. Ngc pha vi sng ti A.
........................................................................................................
Cu 48. Mt sng c hc c bc sng truyn t A n M
( AM = d ) . M dao ng ngc pha vi A khi
A. d = (k + 1)
B. d = (k + 0,5)
C. d = (2k + 1)
D. d = (k+1 ) /2 ( k Z)
........................................................................................................
Cu 49. Mt sng truyn trn mt bin c bc sng 3m. Hai
im gn nhau nht trn cng mt phng truyn sng dao ng
lch pha / 2 cch nhau mt on bao nhiu?
A. 0,75m
B. 1,5m
C. 3m
D. A, B, C u sai.
........................................................................................................
Cu 50. Sng truyn ti mt cht lng vi vn tc truyn sng
0,9m/s, khong cch gia hai gn sng lin tip l 2cm. Tn s
ca sng l:
A. 0,45Hz
B. 90Hz
C. 45Hz
D. 1,8Hz
........................................................................................................
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