Dng 1: Tm mt s i lng c bn ca phng trnh sng c hc

V d : Cho mt mi nhn S chm nh vo mt nc v dao ng iu ho vi tn s f =

20Hz. Ngi ta thy rng hai im A v B trn mt nc cng nm trn phng truyn sng
cch nhau mt khong d = 10cm lun dao ng ngc pha vi nhau. Tnh vn tc truyn
sng, bit rng vn tc ch vo khong t 0,8m/s n 1m/s.
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Cc bi tp trc nghim
Cu 1. Mt ngi quan st mt chic phao trn mt bin thy n nh ln cao 10 ln trong
18s, khong cch gia hai ngn sng k nhau l 2m. Tc truyn sng trn mt bin l
A. v = 1m/s.
B. v = 2m/s.
C. v = 4m/s.
D. v = 8m/s.
.....................................................................................................................................................
Cu 2. Trong 20 giy mt quan st vin thy 5 ngn sng bin truyn qua trc mt th chu
k ca sng l
A. 2 s
B. 2,5 s
C. 3 s
D. 5 s.
.....................................................................................................................................................
Cu 3. Ngun sng trn mt nc to ra dao ng vi tn s 50Hz. Dc theo mt phng
truyn sng, khong cch gia 4 nh sng lin tip l 3cm. tc truyn sng trn mt
nc l:
A. 25cm/s
B. 50cm/s
C. 100cm/s
D. 200cm/s
.....................................................................................................................................................
Cu 4. Mt sng ngang c phng trnh sng u = Acos (0,02x 2t) trong x,u c o
bng cm v t o bng s. Bc sng o bng cm l:
A. 50
B. 100
C. 200
D. 5
.....................................................................................................................................................
Cu 5. Mt sng truyn trong mt mi trng vi tc 110 m/s v c bc sng 0,25 m.
Tn s ca sng l
A.440 Hz
B.27,5 Hz
C.50 Hz
D.220 Hz
.....................................................................................................................................................
Cu 6. Sng c c tn s 50 Hz truyn trong mi trng vi tc 160 m/s. cng mt thi
im, hai im gn nhau nht trn mt phng truyn sng c dao ng cng pha vi nhau,
cch nhau
A. 3,2m.
B. 2,4m
C. 1,6m
D. 0,8m.
.....................................................................................................................................................
Cu 7. Mt ngun sng c hc dao ng iu ha theo phng trnh u = Acos(10 t + /2)
cm. Khong cch gia hai im gn nhau nht trn phng truyn sng m ti dao ng
ca hai im lch pha nhau /3 rad l 5m. Tc truyn sng l
A.75 m/s
B. 100 m/s
C. 6 m/s
D. 150 m/s
.....................................................................................................................................................

Cu 8. Mt mi nhn S chm vo mt nc dao ng iu ho vi tn s f = 40Hz. Ngi ta

thy rng hai im A v B trn mt nc cng nm trn phng truyn sng cch nhau mt
khong a = 20cm lun dao ng ngc pha nhau. Bit tc truyn sng nm trong khong
t 3m/s n 5m/s. Tc l:
A. 3,5m/s
B. 4,2m/s
C. 5m/s
D. 3,2m/s
.....................................................................................................................................................
Cu 9. Mt mi nhn S chm nh vo mt nc dao ng iu ha vi tn s 20 Hz th thy
hai im A v B trn mt nc cng nm trn mt phng truyn sng cch nhau mt
khong d = 10 cm lun lun dao ng ngc pha vi nhau. Tc truyn sng c gi tr
(0,8 m/s v 1 m/s) l
A. v = 0,8 m/s
B. v = 1 m/s
C. v = 0,9 m/s
D. 0,7m/s
.....................................................................................................................................................
Cu 10. Mt dy n hi rt di c u A dao ng vi tn s f theo phng vung gc vi
si dy vi tc truyn sng v = 4 m/s. Xt mt im M trn dy v cch A mt on 28

cm th thy M lun lun dao ng lch pha vi A mt gc = (2k + 1)

vi k = 0; 1.

Cho bit tn s 22 Hz f 26 Hz, bc sng ca sng c gi tr l

A. 20 cm
B. 15 m
C. 16 cm
D. 32 m
.....................................................................................................................................................
Cu 11. Mt dy n hi rt di c u A dao ng vi tn s f theo phng vung gc vi
si dy vi tc truyn sng v = 20 m/s. Hi tn s f phi c gi tr no mt im M
trn dy v cch A mt on 1 m lun lun dao ng cng pha vi A. Cho bit tn s 20 Hz
f 50 Hz
A. 10 Hz hoc 30 Hz
B. 20 Hz hoc 40 Hz C. 25 Hz hoc 45 Hz D.
30 Hz hoc 50 Hz
.....................................................................................................................................................
Cu 12. Sng c l g?
A. S truyn chuyn ng c trong khng kh.
B. Nhng dao ng c hc lan truyn trong mi trng vt cht.
C. Chuyn ng tng i ca vt ny so vi vt khc.
D. S co dn tun hon gia cc phn t mi trng.
.....................................................................................................................................................
Hng dn: Da vo nh ngha sng c.
Cu 13. Bc sng l g?
A. L qung ng m mi phn t ca mi trng i c trong 1 giy.
B. L khong cch gia hai phn t ca sng dao ng ngc pha.
C. L khong cch gia hai phn t sng gn nhau nht dao ng cng pha.
D. L khong cch gia hai v tr xa nhau nht ca mi phn t sng.
.....................................................................................................................................................
Hng dn: Da vo nh ngha bc sng.
Cu 14. Mt sng c c tn s 1000Hz truyn i vi tc 330 m/s th bc sng ca n c gi tr
no sau y?
A. 330 000 m.
B. 0,3 m-1.
C. 0,33 m/s.
D. 0,33 m.
.....................................................................................................................................................
Hng dn: Dng cng thc = v.T = v/f.
Cu 15. Sng ngang l sng:

A. lan truyn theo phng nm ngang.

B. trong cc phn t sng dao ng theo phng nm ngang.
C. trong cc phn t sng dao ng theo phng vung gc vi phng truyn sng.
D. trong cc phn t sng dao ng theo cng mt phng vi phng truyn sng.
.....................................................................................................................................................
Hng dn: Theo nh ngha sng ngang.
Cu 16. Bc sng l:
A. qung ng sng truyn i trong 1s;
B. khong cch gia hai bng sng sng gn nht.
C. khong cch gia hai im ca sng c li bng khng cng mt thi im.
D. khong cch gia hai im ca sng gn nht c cng pha dao ng.
.....................................................................................................................................................
Hng dn: Theo nh ngha bc sng.
Cu 17. Phng trnh sng c dng no trong cc dng di y:
x

A. x = Acos(t + ) B. u = Acos (t - )

t x
T

C. u = Acos2 ( - )

t
T

D. u = Acos ( + ) .

.....................................................................................................................................................
Hng dn: Theo phng trnh sng.
Cu 18. Mt sng c hc c tn s f lan truyn trong mi trng vt cht n hi vi tc
v, khi bc sng c tnh theo cng thc
A. = v.f;
B. = v/f;
C. = 2v.f;
D. = 2v/f
.....................................................................................................................................................
Hng dn: Theo nh ngha: Bc sng l qung ng sng truyn c trong mt chu
k nn cng thc tnh bc sng l = v.T = v/f vi v l vn tc sng, T l chu k sng, f l
tn s sng.
Cu 19. Pht biu no sau y khng ng vi sng c hc?
A. Sng c hc c th lan truyn c trong mi trng cht rn.
B. Sng c hc c th lan truyn c trong mi trng cht lng.
C. Sng c hc c th lan truyn c trong mi trng cht kh.
D. Sng c hc c th lan truyn c trong mi trng chn khng.
.....................................................................................................................................................
Hng dn: Sng c hc ch lan truyn c trong mi trng vt cht n hi. l cc
mi trng rn, lng, kh.
Cu 20. Pht biu no sau y v sng c hc l khng ng?
A. Sng c hc l qu trnh lan truyn dao ng c hc trong mt mi trng lin tc.
B. Sng ngang l sng c cc phn t dao ng theo phng ngang.
C. Sng dc l sng c cc phn t dao ng theo phng trng vi phng truyn sng.
D. Bc sng l qung ng sng truyn i c trong mt chu k.
.....................................................................................................................................................
Hng dn: Sng ngang l sng c cc phn t dao ng theo phng vung gc vi
phng truyn sng.
Cu 21. Pht biu no sau y v i lng c trng ca sng c hc l khng ng?
A. Chu k ca sng chnh bng chu k dao ng ca cc phn t dao ng.
B. Tn s ca sng chnh bng tn s dao ng ca cc phn t dao ng.
C. Tc ca sng chnh bng tc dao ng ca cc phn t dao ng.
D. Bc sng l qung ng sng truyn i c trong mt chu k.

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Hng dn: Vn tc sng l vn tc truyn pha dao ng. Vn tc sng ph thuc vo bn
cht ca mi trng n hi, i vi mt mi trng n hi nht nh th vn tc sng l
khng i. Vn tc dao ng ca cc phn t l o hm bc nht ca li dao ng ca
phn t theo thi gian. Vn tc sng v vn tc dao ng ca cc phn t l khc nhau.
Cu 22. Sng c hc lan truyn trong mi trng n hi vi tc v khng i, khi tng
tn s sng ln 2 ln th bc sng
A. tng 4 ln.
B. tng 2 ln.
C. khng i.
D. gim 2 ln.
.....................................................................................................................................................
Hng dn: Vn dng cng thc tnh bc sng = v.T = v/f, khi tng tn s ln 2 ln th
bc sng gim i 2 ln.
Cu 23. Vn tc truyn sng ph thuc vo
A. nng lng sng.
B. tn s dao ng.
C. mi trng truyn sng.
D. bc sng
.....................................................................................................................................................
Cu 24. Mt ngi quan st mt chic phao trn mt bin thy n nh ln cao 10 ln trong
18s, khong cch gia hai ngn sng k nhau l 2m. Tc truyn sng trn mt bin l
A. v = 1m/s.
B. v = 2m/s.
C. v = 4m/s.
D. v = 8m/s.
.....................................................................................................................................................
Hng dn: Phao nh ln cao 10 ln trong thi gian 18s, tc l trong 18s phao thc hin 9
ln dao ng, chu k sng l T = 2s. Khong cch gia hai ngn sng k nhau l 2m, suy ra
bc sng = 2m. Vn tc truyn sng trn mt nc l v = /T = 1m/s.
Cu 25. Mt ngi quan st mt chic phao trn mt h thy n nh ln cao 10 ln trong
36s, khong cch gia 3 nh sng ln cn l 24m. Tc truyn sng trn mt h l
A. v = 2,0m/s.
B. v = 2,2m/s.
C. v = 3,0m/s.
D. v = 6,7m/s.
.....................................................................................................................................................
Cu 26. Ti im M cch tm sng mt khong x c phng trnh dao ng
uM = 4cos(200 t

2 x
)cm . Tn s ca sng l

A. f = 200Hz.
B. f = 100Hz.
C. f = 100s.
D. f = 0,01s.
.....................................................................................................................................................
Hng dn: T phng trnh sng uM = 4cos(200 t
200(rad/s)

tn

s sng f = 100Hz.

2 x
)cm , ta suy ra tn s gc =

Cu 27. Cho mt sng ngang c phng trnh sng l u = 8cos2 (

t
x
)mm , trong x tnh
0,1 50

bng cm, t tnh bng giy. Chu k ca sng l

A. T = 0,1s.
B. T = 50s.
C. T = 8s.
D. T = 1s.
.....................................................................................................................................................
Hng dn: Xem hng dn v lm tng t cu 3.12, chu k dao ng T = 1/f.
Cu 28. Cho mt sng ngang c phng trnh sng l u = 8cos2 (

t
x
) mm , trong x tnh
0,1 50

bng cm, t tnh bng giy. Bc sng l

A. = 0,1m.
B. = 50cm.
C. = 8mm.
D. = 1m.
.....................................................................................................................................................

Hng dn: So snh phng trnh sng

u = 8cos2 (

t
x
)mm ta thy = 50cm.
0,1 50

t x
u = Acos2 ( )
T

Cu 29. Cho mt sng ngang c phng trnh sng l u = 4cos 2 (t +

vi phng trnh

x
)mm , trong x tnh
5

bng cm, t tnh bng giy. Tc truyn sng l

A. v = 5m/s.
B. v = - 5m/s.
C. v = 5cm/s.
D. v = - 5cm/s.
.....................................................................................................................................................
Hng dn: So snh phng trnh sng
u = 4cos2 (t +

1s

t x
u = Acos2 ( )
T

vi phng trnh

x
x
)mm = 4cos2 (t )mm ta suy ra bc sng = 5cm, chu k sng l T =
5
5

vn tc sng l v = 5cm/s.

Cu 30. Mt sng truyn trn si dy n hi rt di vi tn s 500Hz, ngi ta thy khong

cch gia hai im gn nhau nht dao ng cng pha l 80cm. Tc truyn sng trn dy
l
A. v = 400cm/s.
B. v = 16m/s.
C. v = 6,25m/s.
D. v = 400m/s.
.....................................................................................................................................................
Hng dn: Khong cch gia hai im gn nhau nht dao ng cng pha l 1 bc sng
= 80cm, tn s sng l f = 500Hz vn tc sng l v = 400m/s.
Cu 31. Cho mt sng ngang c phng trnh sng l u = 5cos (

t
x
)mm ,trong x tnh
0,1 2

bng cm, t tnh bng giy. V tr ca phn t sng M cch gc to 3m thi im t = 2s

l
A. uM =0mm.
B. uM =5mm.
C. uM =5cm.
D. uM =2,5cm.
.....................................................................................................................................................
t

Hng dn: Thay x = 3m, t = 2s vo phng trnh sng u = 5cos ( 0,1 2 )mm ta c uM =
0mm.
Cu 32. Mt sng c hc lan truyn vi vn tc 320m/s, bc sng 3,2m. Chu k ca sng

l
A. T = 0,01s.
B. T = 0,1s.
C. T = 50s.
D. T = 100s.
.....................................................................................................................................................
Hng dn: p dng cng thc tnh bc sng = v.T
Cu 33. Mt ngi quan st mt chic phao trn mt bin thy n nh ln cao 10 ln trong
18s, khong cch gia hai ngn sng k nhau l 2m. Vn tc truyn sng trn mt bin l:
A. v=1m/s.
B. v=2m/s.
C. v=4m/s.
D. v=8m/s.
.....................................................................................................................................................
Cu 34. Ngun sng O dao ng vi tn s 50Hz, bin a, dao ng truyn i vi vn tc
5m/s trn phng Ox. Xt A trn phng Ox vi OA=32,5cm. Chn phng trnh dao ng
ti A cso pha bng ), phng trnh dao ng ti O l:
A. x = acos(100 t 0,5 )cm .
B. x = acos(100 t + 0,5 )cm .
C. x = acos(100 t )cm .
D. x = acos(100 t )cm .
.....................................................................................................................................................

Cu 35. Ti im M cch tm sng mt khong x c phng trnh uM = 8cos2 (

t
x
)mm . Trong
0,1 50

x tnh bng cm, t tnh bng s. Chu k v bc sng l:

A. T=0,1s; = 50cm. B. T=50s; = 8mm. C. T=1s; = 1m.
D. T=8s; = 50cm.
.....................................................................................................................................................
Cu 36. Mt ngi quan st mt chic phao trn mt bin , thy n nh cao 10 ln trong
khong thi gian 27s . chu k ca sng l:
A. 3s
B.2,7s
C. 2,45s
D. 2,8s
.....................................................................................................................................................
Cu 37. Mt ngi quan st mt chic phao trn mt bin, thy n nh cao 10 ln trong
khong thi gian 36s v o c khong cch gia 3 nh sng lin tip 20m . tc truyn
sng trn mt bin
A. 40m/s
B. 2,5m/s
C. 2,8m/s
D. 36m/s
.....................................................................................................................................................
Cu 38. Hai im cch ngun m nhng khong 6,1m v 6,35m . tn s m 680H Z , tc
truyn m trong khng kh l 340m/s . lch pha ca sng m ti 2 im trn l
A. /4
B. 16
C.4
D.
.....................................................................................................................................................
Cu 39. Sng m c tn s 450HZ lan truyn vi tc 360m/s trong khng kh . gia 2 im
cch nhau 1m trn phng truyn th chng dao ng
A. cng pha
B. vung pha
C. ngc pha
D.lch pha /4
.....................................................................................................................................................
Cu 40. Ti im S trn mt nc yn tnh c ngun DH theo phng thng ng vi tn
s f .khi trn mt nc hnh thnh h sng trn ng tm S . ti 2 im M ,N nm cch
nhau 5cm trn ng thng i qua S lun dao ng ngc pha vi nhau . tc truyn sng
trn mt nc l 80cm/s v tn s ca ngun dao ng thay i t 48H Z n 64 HZ .tn s
dao ng ca ngun l
A. 64 HZ
B.48HZ
C. 54HZ
D.56 HZ
.....................................................................................................................................................
Cu 41. Ti im S trn mt nc yn tnh c ngun DH theo phng thng ng vi tn
s 50HZ .khi trn mt nc hnh thnh h sng trn ng tm S . ti 2 im M ,N nm
cch nhau 9cm trn ng thng i qua S lun dao ng cng pha vi nhau . tc truyn
sng trn mt nc thay i t 70cm/s n 80cm/s. tc truyn sng l
A. 75cm/s
B.70cm/s
C. 80cm/s
D.72cm/s
.....................................................................................................................................................
Cu 42. Trong thi gian 12s mt ngi quan st thy c 6 ngn sng i qua trc mt mnh .
vn tc truyn sng 2m/s .bc sng
A. 4,8m
B.4m
C.6m
D.0,48m
.....................................................................................................................................................
Cu 43. Bc sng ca m khi truyn t khng kh vo nc thay i bao nhiu ln . bit
rng vn tc m trong nc l 1480m/s v trong khng kh l 340m/s
A.0,23 ln
B. 4,35 ln
C.1,140 ln
D.1820 ln
.....................................................................................................................................................
Cu 44. Mt quan st vin ng b bin thy sng trn mt bin c khong cch gia 5
ngn sng lin tip l 12m. bc sng l:
A. 12m
B.1,2m
C. 3m
D. 2,4m

.....................................................................................................................................................
Cu 45. Mt sng ngang truyn trn si dy n hi rt di vi vn tc sng v = 0,2m/s, chu
k dao ng
T = 10s. Khong cch gia hai im gn nhau nht trn dy dao ng ngc pha nhau l
A. 1,5m.
B. 1m.
C. 0,5m
D. 2m.
.....................................................................................................................................................
Cu 46. Sng m truyn trong thp vi vn tc 500m/s. Hai im trong thp gn nhau nht

lch pha 2 cch nhau 1,54m th tn s ca m l :

A. 80Hz.
B. 810Hz
C. 81,2Hz
D. 812Hz
.....................................................................................................................................................
Cu 47. Sng truyn t A n M cch A 4,5 cm, vi bc sng = 6 cm. Hi D sng ti
M c tnh cht no sau y?
A. Chm pha hn sng ti A gc 3/2 B. Sm pha hn sng ti A gc 3/2.
C. Cng pha vi sng ti A.
D. Ngc pha vi sng ti A.
.....................................................................................................................................................
Cu 48. Mt sng c hc c bc sng truyn t A n M ( AM = d ) . M dao ng ngc
pha vi A khi
A. d = (k + 1)
B. d = (k + 0,5)
C. d = (2k + 1)
D. d = (k+1 ) /2
( k Z)
.....................................................................................................................................................
Cu 49. Mt sng truyn trn mt bin c bc sng 3m. Hai im gn nhau nht trn cng
mt phng truyn sng dao ng lch pha / 2 cch nhau mt on bao nhiu?
A. 0,75m
B. 1,5m
C. 3m
D. A, B, C u sai.
.....................................................................................................................................................
Cu 50. Sng truyn ti mt cht lng vi vn tc truyn sng 0,9m/s, khong cch gia hai
gn sng lin tip l 2cm. Tn s ca sng l:
A. 0,45Hz
B. 90Hz
C. 45Hz
D. 1,8Hz
.....................................................................................................................................................