Giao Trinh Autocad - 1

Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
Mc lc
Mc lc ...................................................................................................................................... 1 Chng I: Tng quan v Autocad ............................................................................................ 5

I.1. Gii thiu v AutoCAD ..............................................................................................................5
I.1.1. Kh nng v AutoCAD ....................................................................................................................... 5 I.1.2. Cc th h AutoCAD ........................................................................................................................... 6
I.2. Ci t v khi ng AutoCad ..................................................................................................6

I.2.1. Nhng yu cu v thit b .................................................................................................................... 6 I.2.2. Ci t AutoCAD ................................................................................................................................ 6 I.2.3. Khi ng AutoCAD .......................................................................................................................... 6 I.2.4. Mn hnh giao din AutoCAD ............................................................................................................ 7
I.3. Nhp lnh v d liu...................................................................................................................7

I.3.1. Cch nhp lnh. ................................................................................................................................... 7 I.3.2. Cc h to ....................................................................................................................................... 9 I.3.3. Cc kiu d liu trong AutoCAD. ..................................................................................................... 11
I.4. Cc lnh thit lp ban u. ......................................................................................................12

I.4.1. Lnh Help: ........................................................................................................................................ 12 I.4.2. Cc phm chc nng thng dng ..................................................................................................... 12 I.4.3. Cc lnh lm vic vi tp bn v: ...................................................................................................... 13 I.4.4. Lnh nh n v bn v Lnh Units ............................................................................................. 15 I.4.5. nh gii hn bn v Lnh Limits .................................................................................................. 16
Chng II: Cc lnh v c bn ............................................................................................... 17

II.1. Cc phng php nhp to im......................................................................................17
Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c
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Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
II.2. Lnh v im Lnh Point ....................................................................................................18 II.3. Lnh v ng thng Lnh Line .......................................................................................18 II.4. V ng thng nh hng - Lnh Xline ...........................................................................18 II.5. Lnh v ng trn Lnh Circle .......................................................................................19 II.6. Lnh v cung trn Lnh ARC .............................................................................................21 II.7. V hnh ch nht Lnh RECTANG .................................................................................24 II.8. Lnh v a tuyn Lnh PLINE .........................................................................................24 II.9. V hnh a gic u Lnh POLYGON...............................................................................27
Chng III: Cc phng php nhp im chnh xc OBJECT SNAP (OSNAP) ............... 28
III.1. Cc phng php truy bt im ca i tng (Objects Snap) ........................................28
III.1.1. ENDpoint:....................................................................................................................................... 29 III.1.2. CENter: ........................................................................................................................................... 29 III.1.3. INTersection: ................................................................................................................................ 30 III.1.4. MIDpoint: ..................................................................................................................................... 30 III.1.5. NEArest: ....................................................................................................................................... 30 III.1.6. NODe: .......................................................................................................................................... 30 III.1.7. QUAdrant: ...................................................................................................................................... 31 III.1.8. TANgent: ....................................................................................................................................... 31 III.1.9. PERpendicular: ............................................................................................................................... 31 III.1.10. INSert: .......................................................................................................................................... 32 III.1.11. APPint (Apparent intersection) ..................................................................................................... 32 III.1.12. FROm: .......................................................................................................................................... 32 III.1.13. Tracking: ...................................................................................................................................... 33 III.1.14. Cc v d s dng cc phng thc truy bt im ........................................................................ 34
III.2. Gn ch truy bt im thng tr (Lnh Osnap, Ddosnap).........................................35
Chng IV: Cc lnh hiu chnh - V nhanh ....................................................................... 36

IV.1. Cc phng php la chn i tng...................................................................................36 IV.2. cc lnh tr gip v i tng ...............................................................................................39
IV.2.1 Xo cc i tng - Lnh Erase ...................................................................................................... 39 IV.2.2. Phc hi cc i tng b xo - Lnh Oops .................................................................................... 39 IV.2.3. Hu b v thc hin lnh - Lnh Undo, U ................................................................................... 40 IV.2.4. Lnh Redo ..................................................................................................................................... 40
IV.3. Cc lnh hiu chnh i tng ..............................................................................................41

IV.3.1. Di chuyn cc i tng - Lnh Move ......................................................................................... 41 IV.3.2. Xn mt phn i tng nm gia hai i tng giao nhau - Lnh Trim, Extrim ...................... 41 IV.3.3. Xn mt phn i tng nm gia hai im chn - Lnh Break .................................................... 44 IV.3.4. Ko di i tng - Lnh Extend ................................................................................................... 46 IV.3.5. Quay i tng xung quanh mt im - Lnh Rotate ................................................................. 47 IV.3.6. Thay i kch thc theo t l - Lnh Scale ................................................................................. 48 IV.3.7. Thay i chiu di i tng - Lnh Lengthen ............................................................................ 49 IV.3.8. Di chuyn v ko gin cc i tng - Lnh Stretch ...................................................................... 50 IV.3.9. Di v quay i tng - Lnh Align ............................................................................................... 51
IV.4. Cc lnh v nhanh i tng.................................................................................................53

IV.4.1. To cc i tng song song - Lnh Offset .................................................................................. 53 IV.4.2. V ni tip hai i tng bi cung trn - Lnh Fillet .................................................................. 54 IV.4.3. Vt mp cc cnh - Lnh Chamfer ............................................................................................... 57
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Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
IV.4.4. Sao chp cc i tng - Lnh Copy ............................................................................................ 60 IV.4.5. Php i xng trc - Lnh Mirror ............................................................................................... 61 IV.4.6. Sao chp i tng theo dy - Lnh Array ..................................................................................... 62
Chng V: Qun l cc i tng trong bn v..................................................................... 65

V.1. Lp (Layer), mu v ng nt..............................................................................................65
V.1.1. To v hiu chnh lp bng hp thoi Layer Properties Manager. ................................................... 66 1. To Layer mi................................................................................................................................... 66 2. Tt, m Layer (ON/OFF) ............................................................................................................... 67 3. ng v lm tan bng ca mt Layer (Freeze/Thaw) ..................................................................... 67 4. Kho v m kho cho lp (Lock/Unlock) ...................................................................................... 67 5. Thay i mu ca lp........................................................................................................................ 67 6. Gn dng ng cho lp ................................................................................................................... 68 7. Xo lp (Delete)................................................................................................................................ 68 8. Gn lp hin hnh (Curent)............................................................................................................... 68 V.1.2. Qun l ng nt bng hp thoi Linetype Manager ..................................................................... 69 V.1.3. iu khin lp bng thanh cng c Object Properties ..................................................................... 70 V.1.4. Cc dng ng nt trong bn v k thut theo TCVN ................................................................... 71
V.2. Hiu chnh cc tnh cht ca i tng .................................................................................73

V.2.1. Thay i lp bng thanh cng c Object Properties ........................................................................ 73 V.2.2. Lnh Change .................................................................................................................................... 73 V.2.3. Lnh Properties .............................................................................................................................. 73
V.3. Ghi v hiu chnh vn bn......................................................................................................74

V.3.1. To kiu ch - Lnh Style ................................................................................................................ 74 V.3.2. Nhp on vn bn vo bn v - Lnh Mtext................................................................................... 75 V.3.3. Hiu chnh vn bn .......................................................................................................................... 77 V.3.3.1. Kim tra li chnh t - Lnh Spell ......................................................................................... 77 V.3.3.2. Lnh DDedit .......................................................................................................................... 77
V.4. Hnh ct, mt ct v v k hiu vt liu.................................................................................78

V.4.1. V mt ct bng lnh Bhatch ......................................................................................................... 79 V.4.2. Trnh t v mt ct bng lnh Bhatch .............................................................................................. 83 V.4.3. Hiu chnh mt ct - Lnh Hatchedit ............................................................................................. 84
Chng VI: Ghi kch thc..................................................................................................... 85

VI.1. Ghi kch thc i tng .......................................................................................................85
VI.1.1. Cc thnh phn kch thc ............................................................................................................. 85 VI.1.2. Cc khi nim c bn khi ghi kch thc ....................................................................................... 86 VI.1.3. Trnh t ghi kch thc ................................................................................................................... 87 VI.1.4. Cc nhm lnh ghi kch thc ........................................................................................................ 87 VI.1.5. Ghi kch thc thng ...................................................................................................................... 89 VI.1.6. Ghi kch thc hng tm (Bn knh, ng knh) ........................................................................ 90 VI.1.7. Ghi kch thc gc - Lnh DIMANGULAR ............................................................................... 91 VI.1.8. Ghi chui kch thc ...................................................................................................................... 91 VI.1.9. Ghi dung sai hnh dng v v tr - Lnh TOLERANCE ............................................................... 92 VI.1.10. Ghi kch thc theo ng dn - Lnh LEADER .............................................................92 VI.1.11. Ghi ta mt im - Lnh DIMORDINATE .......................................................................... 92 VI.1.12. Hiu chnh ch s kch thc ....................................................................................................... 93
VI.2. Kiu kch thc v cc bin kch thc................................................................................95

VI.2.1. To kiu kch thc bng lnh Ddim.............................................................................................. 95
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Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
VI.2.2. Gn cc bin kch thc bng hp thoi ......................................................................................... 96 VI.2.3. Thit lp cc kiu kch thc theo TCVN trong bn v mu ........................................................ 101
Chng VII: Cc lnh v v hiu chnh nng cao .............................................................. 102

VII.1. Cc lnh v v to hnh......................................................................................................102
VII.1.1. V ng thng - Lnh Xline .................................................................................................... 102 VII.1.2. V na ng thng - Lnh Ray ................................................................................................. 103 VII.1.3. V hnh vnh khn - Lnh Donut ................................................................................................ 103 VII.1.4. V on thng c chiu rng - Lnh Trace ................................................................................. 104 VII.1.5. V min c t - Lnh Solid ..................................................................................................... 104 VII.1.6. V cc ng song song - Lnh Mline, Mlstyle, Mledit ............................................................. 105 VII.1.6.1. V ng thng song song - Lnh Mline ........................................................................ 105 VII.1.6.2. To kiu ng Mline bng lnh Mlstyle........................................................................... 106 VII.1.6.3. Hiu chnh Mline bng lnh Mledit ................................................................................ 108 VII.1.7. To mt min Region v cc php ton i s Boole .................................................................. 111 VII.1.7.1. To min bng lnh Region ....................................................................................... 111 VII.1.7.2. Cc php ton i s Boole i vi Region ........................................................................ 112
VII.2. Cc lnh hiu chnh i tng nng cao...........................................................................113
Chng VIII: Lm quen vi AutoCAD 3D .......................................................................... 114

I. C s to v quan st m hnh 3d.............................................................................................114
I.1. Gii thiu cc m hnh 3D ................................................................................................................. 114 I.2. Cc phng php nhp to mt im trong khng gian ba chiu .................................................. 116 I.3. im nhn m hnh 3D Lnh VPOINT ........................................................................................... 117 I.4. To cc khung nhn tnh Lnh Vports ............................................................................................. 119 I.5. Quan st hnh chiu bng Lnh PLAN ............................................................................................ 121 I.6. Che cc nt khut Lnh HIDE......................................................................................................... 121 I.7. Lnh UCSicon .................................................................................................................................... 122 I.8. To h to mi Lnh UCS .......................................................................................................... 122
II. M hnh 3D dng khung dy v mt 2 1 2 chiu...................................................................125

II.1. M hnh dng khung dy (Wireframe) Lnh Line, 3Dpoly, Spline, Pedit, Trim............................ 125 II.2. Ko cc i tng 2D thnh mt 3D Elevation, Thickness ............................................................ 128
III. 3Dface v cc mt 3D chun..................................................................................................130

III.1. Mt phng 3D Lnh 3DFACE ................................................................................................. 130 III.2. Che hoc hin cc cnh ca 3Dface Lnh Edge ........................................................................... 131 III.3. Cc i tng mt 3D Lnh 3D (3D Objects) .............................................................................. 132
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Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
Chng I: Tng quan v autocad
I.1. Gii thiu v AutoCAD I.1.1. Kh nng v AutoCAD L mt phn mm chuyn dng c cc kh nng sau: + V bn v k thut c kh, kin trc xy dng (gi l kh nng v). + C th ghp cc bn v hoc chng cht, xen k cc bn v to ra bn v mi (kh nng bin tp). + C th vit chng trnh my tnh ton th hin bng hnh v, vit chng trnh theo ngn ng ring, gi l AutoLISP (kh nng t ng thit k). + Nhng th h gn y ca AutoCAD : R10, R12, R13, R14, CAD 2000 c th vit chng trnh bng ngn ng Pascal hoc C+ thnh ngn ng AutoLISP ri dch ra ngn ng my. + C th lin kt cc phn mm khc c lin quan nh Turbo Pascal, Turbo C, Foxpro, CorelDRAW... ( kh nng lin kt ).
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Cng Bi Ging I.1.2. Cc th h AutoCAD
Mn hc AutoCAD
AutoCAD ra i nm 1920, giai on t 1956 tr v trc cc th h ca AutoCAD c t tn l Version 1,2,3... T nm 1986 i Version 8 > Release 10 v tip tc pht trin thnh R11, R12, R13, R14, CAD 2000. T R10 tr i mi Release c nhng s nng cp v b xung nhng tnh nng mi ni tri hn, nhng cch s dng ca Menu khc nhau, cc th h sau nhiu chc nng hn th h trc, giao din thn thin hn. I.2. Ci t v khi ng AutoCad I.2.1. Nhng yu cu v thit b + + + ... I.2.2. Ci t AutoCAD T R10 tr i ta u c th chy trong mi trng DOS <=> Windows, tu theo cc Version khc nhau m ta c th thc hin ci t t a mm hay a cng hoc t CDROM. I.2.3. Khi ng AutoCAD Khi ng AutoCAD t R14 hon ton tng t nh vic khi ng bt c chng trnh ng dng no khc trn Window. Sau khi ci t R14 song trn mn hnh Desktop c thit lp biu tng dng chy R14 c tn ACad14 v th ta c th cho thi hnh chng trnh ngay. Nhy p chut vo biu tng, nu khng dng chut ta c th dng phm Tab chuyn sau n phm Space v n Enter. Khi AutoCAD R14 c khi ng th s xut hin mn hnh giao din lc ny xut hin hp thoi Startup. Ta chn cc tu chn tng ng v s dng chng trnh.
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Cng Bi Ging I.2.4. Mn hnh giao din AutoCAD

Thanh tiu (Title Bar) Thanh thc n (Menu Bar)
Mn hc AutoCAD
Thanh cng c (ToolBar)
Con tr to (CrossHair) Vng bn v (Drawing) Gc to (UCSicon)
Thanh trng thi (Stastus Bar)
Thanh cun (Scroll Bar)
I.3. Nhp lnh v d liu. I.3.1. Cch nhp lnh. Trong AutoCAD thc hin lnh ta c cc cch sau: + Chn lnh trong thanh thc n (Menu Bar). + Chn lnh trn cc thanh cng c (Toolbar). + Thc hin lnh bng t hp phm. + G lnh trc tip cu lnh vo dng Cu trc cc lnh ca AutoCAD: + Lnh ca AutoCAD ch yu dng v v x l cc i tng l hnh v. Cc lnh v c phn thnh cc lp do cc lnh ca n c nhiu mc. + v mt hnh no ta c th thc hin lnh trc tip bng chut hoc g lnh trc tip vo ca s lnh Command. Lnh ca AutoCAD c cc dng sau: Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 7 Command line:
Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
+ Lnh mt mc: l cc lnh khi ra lnh AutoCAD s thc hin ngay. V d: Command line: U b) + Lnh hai mc: L lnh khi ra lnh song phi cung cp d liu y lnh mi thc hin c. V d: Command line: Kt qu my s nhc li: Command line: Specify a point: (Xc nh mt im). Sau li nhc ny ta phi nhp to tng ng vi s s dng chut bm ln im cn v trn mn hnh, hoc nhp to ca im cn v. + Lnh ba mc: Sau khi g lnh xong my s hin th mt s tu chn, ta chn mt trong cc tu chn. Sau khi chn xong my s a ra yu cu tr li v d liu. V d: Command line: Circle (V ng trn) Point (Kt qu lnh trc b hu
Sau lnh trn my s hin ra cc tu chn: Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: Trong cc tu chn trn, tu chn trong ngoc l tu chn mc nh nu s dng n ta ch cn gi Enter. Tri li mun s dng tu chn khc ta phi g ton b nhng k t (ch hoa) i din ca tu chn. V vy mun khai thc c tu chn ta phi hiu ht ngha ca tng tu chn. Nu chn tu chn mc nh th ta phi cung cp d liu. Ngay trn v d trn (Specify center point for circle) g hoc tr to tm ca ng trn cn v, tip theo AutoCAD s hin th tu chn tip theo ca lnh yu cu ta xc nh di ca bn knh R hoc ng knh ca ng trn. Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]: Nu s dng cc tu chn khc ta lm tng t chng hn 3P v ng trn di qua 3 im - sau khi thc hin tu chn 3P AutoCAD yu cu ta cung cp to ca 3 im. V d: Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 8
Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/TTR)]: 3P Specify first point on circle: Chn im th nht (1) Specify second point on circle: Chn im th hai (2) Specify third point on circle: Chn im th ba (3) Nu chn 2P ta thc hin v ng trn bit hai u mt ca ng knh, sau ta phi cung cp to hai im thuc u mt ng knh. Nu chn TTR ta thc hin v ng trn tip xc vi hai i tng tu no sau ta ch ra hai i tng v bn knh m ng trn cn tip xc. Lnh nhiu mc: Tng t nh cc lnh trn nhng khi thc hin s c nhiu lnh, sau khi nhp lnh s hin ln cc tu chn, khi ta chn mt tu chn no li xut hin cc tu chn ca tu chn ny. Cui cng ta phi cung cp d liu cho my thc hin. Cu trc lnh nhiu mc ca AutoCAD c dng nh cu trc cy. I.3.2. Cc h to Khi nim to : + L tp hp cc s xc nh v tr ca cc im trong khng gian. + Trong khng gian hai chiu to xc nh v tr ca mt im l mt b gm hai s (x,y), trong khng gian 3 chiu l b gm 3 s (x,y,z). ngha tng s trong b s ph thuc vo h to c s dng trong AutoCAD, ngi dng c th tu s dng cc h to . Cc h to bao gm: + H to Cc: Dng trong mt phng v khng gian. Trong mt phng l 1 b hai s x, y tng ng vi hai gi tr l dch chuyn t mt im gc c to 0,0 n v tr tng ng ca trc ox, oy. Tng t trong khng gian l b 3 s x, y, z. Khi nhp cc gi tr ca to thuc h ny trong AutoCAD cc gi tr c phn cch nhau bi du phy (,). V d: Trong mt khong im - M c to M(25, 30) Command line: 25,30
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Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
Trong mn hnh AutoCAD to 0,0 nm gc di bn tri ca mn hnh cn vi cc trc to khc nh quy nh trong ton hc. Tuy nhin ta khng th tu chn gc to v tr bt k bng lnh UCS + To cc: Dng trong mt phng, v tr mt im c xc nh l 1 b hai s d < l khong cch d t gc to n im cn xc nh v gc hp bi trc ox v na ng thng xut pht t gc to i qua im cn xc nh. Nu gc quay thun chiu kim ng h > 0, ngc chiu kim ng h < 0, gi tr ca gc c tnh bng . To cc c vit quy c nh sau: Command line: d, (hoc d < ) d: L chiu di : L gc quay + To cu: Dng trong khng gian, xc nh v tr ca im trong khng gian 3 chiu gm 1 b 3 s d< < d khong cch t im cn xc nh > gc to (0,0,0) l gc quay trong mt phng xy so vi trc x l gc hp vi mt phng xy so vi im xc nh cui cng nht trong bn v. V d: im M trong khng gian cch gc to (0,0,0) l 20 mm xoay trong mt phng xy l 300 v gc hp vi mt phng xy l 450. Command line : 20<30<45
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Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
+ To tr: L h to xc nh v tr ca im trong khng gian 3 chiu bng 1 b 3 s d < , Z d l khong cch t im cn xc nh n gc to (0,0,0) l gc quay trong mt phng xy so vi trc x Z l khong cch so vi im c xc nh cui cng nht. V d: Xc nh im M trong khng gian c khong cch so vi gc to (0,0,0) l 50, gc quay so vi trc x trong mt phng xy l 450 v cao l 45. Command line: 50<45,50
I.3.3. Cc kiu d liu trong AutoCAD. D liu kiu im (Point) + D liu ny l to ca 1 im trong khng gian 2 chiu hay 3 chiu. + Cch nhp: Ta c th trc tip g gi tr cc to vo ca s lnh Command thng qua bn phm hoc Click chut vo im cn v trn mn hnh. D liu di (Radius, Distance, ...) + D liu ny c th l di ng knh, bn knh ng trn hay cc kch thc ca Elip vv ta c th cung cp t bn phm hoc bng chut. D liu gc (Angle): ta nhp s o gc, n v o thng thng l , nu mun ly n v khc ta t li cu hnh n v o. D liu vn bn (Text): Khi cn a vn bn vo mt bn v ta s dng lnh Text v cc p ng theo lnh. D liu kiu i tng (Objects). Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c
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Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
+ My yu cu ta cung cp i tng l mt hoc l mt tp hp cc i tng trn bn v, ta c th dng chut hoc bn phm la chn. Mi i tng khi c c chn s chuyn cch hin th t nt lin sang nt t. D liu kiu tn, gm (File name, Block name). + Khi yu cu n d liu kiu tn ta phi g tn vo t bn phm hoc chn qua h thng menu. I.4. Cc lnh thit lp ban u. I.4.1. Lnh Help: AutoCAD cung cp cc thng tin v cc lnh (tra cu lnh) AutoCAD. Mun gi tr gip ta n F1 hoc g lnh Help hoc ? ti ca s lnh Command. Khi thc hin lnh s xut hin hp thoi Help Topics.
I.4.2. Cc phm chc nng thng dng ESC: Hu b lnh Ctrl + C: Ngt lnh tr li Command Line. F7: ng, tt ch Grid F8: ng, tt ch Orthor F9: ng, tt ch Snap
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Cng Bi Ging I.4.3. Cc lnh lm vic vi tp bn v: Lnh New To bn v mi + Command: New + Menu: File\New (Ctrl+N) + Toolbar:
Mn hc AutoCAD
Khi thc hin lnh New xut hin hp thoi Creat New Drawing
Start from Scratch: Thit lp bn v chun Metric: Chn gii hn bn v l 420,297 v n v v theo h thp phn (milimeter) English: Gii hn bn v l 12,9 v n v l Inch Use a Template: Chn cc bn v mu c sn trong AutoCAD (Template File) Use a Wizard: Thit lp bn v vi cc kch thc khc nhau Quick Setup: t n v o v t gii hn bn v (thit lp nhanh) Advanced Setup: Khai bo y cc thng tin cn thit cho mt bn v mi. Lnh Open M bn v c sn + M mt bn v, ta c th m bng lnh hoc thng qua h thng Menu tng t nh cc ng dng khc trn Window.
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Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
Lnh Save, Save As Ghi bn v + Dng ghi bn v hin hnh thnh mt tp tin. Tng t nh cc ng dng trn Windows
Lnh Export Xut bn v + Lnh cho php xut bn v vi cc phn m rng khc nhau. Nh lnh ny ta c th trao i d liu vi cc phn mm khc nhau.
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Cng Bi Ging Lnh Quit - Thot khi AutoCAD.
Mn hc AutoCAD
+ Lu tr tt c cc bn v ang s dng, sau s dng lnh thot khi chng trnh. I.4.4. Lnh nh n v bn v Lnh Units Lnh Units dnh n v v n v gc cho bn v hin hnh. Command: Units
Report format: (Examples) (t n v chiu di) Scientific 1.55E+01 (n v khoa hc) Decimal 15.50 (H s 10) Engineering 1'-3.50" (K thut h Anh) Architectural 1'-3 1/2" (Kin trc h Anh) Fractional 15 1/2 (Phn s) Enter choice, 1 to 5 <2>: (Chn n v di theo h s 10) Nu chn t 1 n 3 xut hin dng nhc: Number of digits to right of decimal point (0 to 8) <4>: (S cc s phn l thp phn) . Systems of angle measure (Examples): (t n v o gc) Decimal degrees 45.0000 Degrees/minutes/seconds 45d0'0" Grads 50.0000g Radians 0.7854r Surveyor's units N 45d0'0" E Enter choice, 1 to 5 <1>: (Chn n v gc theo h s 10) Number of fractional places for display of angles (0 to 8) <4>: (S cc phn l thp phn) . Direction for angle 0: (Hng ng chun xc nh gc) East 3 o'clock = 0 North 12 o'clock = 90 West 9 o'clock = 180 South 6 o'clock = 270 Enter direction for angle 0 <E>: (Chn ng chun l trc X) Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 15
Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
Do you want angles measured clockwise? <N>: (Thit lp chiu o gc c cng chiu kim ng h hay khng?) Ta c th s dng lnh Ddunits (Format\Units), xut hin hp thoi Units Control., ta c th chn n v theo hp thoi ny.
I.4.5. nh gii hn bn v Lnh Limits Command: Limits ON/OF/Lower left corner <0,0>: Tu chn (ON): Cho php v ra ngoi t giy. Tu chn (OFF): Khng cho php v ra ngoi gii hn phn c v ca t giy. Lower left corner: Quy nh gc di bn tri ca t giy c t trng vi gc to 0,0. Upper right corner: Chn gc trn bn phi Trong AutoCAD R14 ta c th thi hnh cc lnh bng cch s dng chut thao tc trn cc biu tng.
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Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
Chng II: Cc lnh v c bn
II.1. Cc phng php nhp to im C 6 phng php nhp to mt im vo trong mt bn v: + Dng phm chn (PICK) ca chut (kt hp vi cc phng thc truy im ca i tng). + To tuyt i: Nhp to tuyt i X,Y ca im theo gc to (0,0). + To cc: Nhp to cc ca im (D<) theo khong cch D gia im vi gc to (0,0) v gc nghing so vi ng chun. + To tng i: Nhp to ca im theo im cui cng nht xc nh trn bn v, ti dng nhc ta nhp @ X,Y. Du @ (At sign) c ngha l Last poin (im cui cng nht m ta xc nh trn bn v ). Ph thuc vo v tr im so vi gc to tng i ta nhp du - trc gi tr to . + To cc tng i: Ti dng nhc ta nhp @D< D (distance) l khong cch gia im ta cn xc nh v im xc nh cui cng nht (last point) trn bn v. Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 17
Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
Gc l gc gia ng chun v on thng ni hai im. ng chun l ng thng xut pht t gc to tng i v nm theo chiu dng trc X. Gc dng l gc ngc chiu kim ng h (+CCW: Counter Clockwise), gc m l gc cng chiu kim ng h (-CW: Clockwise). + Nhp khong cch trc tip (Direct distance entry): dist, direction Nhp khong cch tng i so vi im cui cng nht (last point), nh hng gng cursos v n Enter. II.2. Lnh v im Lnh Point Lnh Point dng v mt im trong bn v Command: Point Point: (xc nh im) II.3. Lnh v ng thng Lnh Line + Lnh Line dng v cc on thng. on thng c th nm ngang, thng ng hoc nghing. Trong lnh ny ta ch cn nhp to cc nh v on thng ni cc nh li vi nhau. Command: Line (L) From point: (Nhp to im u tin) To point: (Nhp to im cui ca on thng) To point: (Tip tc nhp to im cui ca on hoc n Enter kt thc lnh) Nu g C s to thnh hnh khp kn. + V d: V hnh ch nht c chiu di 120, rng 80 .. II.4. V ng thng nh hng - Lnh Xline Lnh ny dng to ng dng hnh (Construction line hay gi tt l CL) Xline l ng thng khng c im u hoc im cui khng b nh hng khi nh gii hn bn v (Lnh Limits), khi phng to thu nh hnh (lnh Zoom)... Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 18
Cng Bi Ging Lnh Xline c cc la chn sau: Command: Xline, XL
Mn hc AutoCAD
Hor / Ver / Ang / Bisect / Offset / <From point>: (Cc la chn to Xline) From point: La chn im 1 Xline i qua, sau la chn ny xut hin dng nhc Through point: Ta c th nhp im th hai xc nh v tr Xline i qua. Nu im th hai sn c ta phi s dng phng php bt a Xline i qua. Nu ch ORTHO (ON) ta c th thc hin v Xline l ng nm ngang hoc thng ng. Hor: To Xline nm ngang. Khi nhp H xut hin dng nhc Through point: Nhp to hoc truy bt im m ng thng Xline i qua. Ver: To Xline thng ng Ang: Nhp gc nghing to Xline. Khi nhp A c cc dng nhc: Reference / enter angle (current)>: Nhp gc nghing vi ng chun Nu ta nhp R ti dng nhc, th ta chn ng tham chiu v nhp gc nghing so vi ng tham chiu va chn Bisect: To Xline i qua phn gic mt gc c xc nh bi ba im, im u tin l nh ca gc, 2 im cn li xc nh gc. Angle vertex point: Truy bt im 1 Angle start point: Truy bt im 2 xc nh cnh th nht ca gc. Angle end point: Truy bt im 3 xc nh cnh th hai ca gc Offset: To Xline song song vi ng thng c sn II.5. Lnh v ng trn Lnh Circle + Dng lnh Command: Circle, C + C 5 phng php khc nhau v ng trn. C php nh sau: Tm v bn knh (Center, Radius) Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c
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Cng Bi Ging (Radius) Command: C (hoc Circle) 3P/2P/TTR/<Center point>: (Nhp to tm) Diameter/<Radius>: (Nhp bn knh hoc to mt im ca ng trn) Tm v ng knh (Center, Diameter) V ng trn bng phng php nhp tm (Center) v ng knh (Diamater) Command: C (hoc Circle) 3P/2P/TTR/<Center point>: (Nhp to tm) Diameter/<Radius>: D (Chn D nhp ng knh) Diamater: (Nhp gi tr ng knh ng trn) 3 Point (3P) V ng trn i qua 3 im. Command: C (hoc Circle) 3P/2P/TTR/ <Center point>: 3P First point: (Nhp im th nht). Second point: (Nhp im th hai). Third point: (Nhp im th ba). 2 Points (2P) V ng trn i qua hai im. Hai im s l ng knh ng trn. Command: C (hoc Circle) 3P/2P/TTR/ <Center point>: 2P First point on diameter: (Nhp im u ng knh). Second point on diameter: (Nhp im cui ng knh). Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c
Mn hc AutoCAD
V ng trn bng phng php nhp tm (Center) v bn knh R
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Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
ng trn tip xc 2 i tng v c bn knh R (TTR) Dng v ng trn tip xc hai i tng cho trc vi bn knh R. Command: C (hoc Circle) 3P/2P/TTR/ <Center point>: TTR Enter Tangent spec: (Chn i tng th nht ng trn s tip xc). Enter Second Tangent spec: (i tng th hai ng trn s tip xc). Radius: (Nhp gi tr bn knh)
II.6. Lnh v cung trn Lnh ARC + Dng lnh: Command: Arc, A + C 11 phng php v cung trn. C php nh sau: Cung trn i qua ba im (3 Points) + V cung trn i qua 3 im Command: A (hoc Arc) Center / <Start point>: (Nhp im th nht) Center / End / <Second point>: (Nhp im th hai) End point: (Nhp im th ba) + Start, Center, End (im u, tm, im cui) Command: A (hoc Arc) Center / <Start point>: (Nhp to im u - 1) Center / End / <Second point>: C (2) Center: (Nhp to tm cung trn) Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 21
Cng Bi Ging + Start, Center, Angle (im u, tm, gc tm) Command: A (hoc Arc) Center / <Start point>: (Nhp to im u - 1) Center / End / <Second point>: C (2) Center: (Nhp to tm cung trn) Angle / Length of chord / <End point>: A
Mn hc AutoCAD
Angle / Length of chord / <End point>: (Nhp to im cui - 3)
Include Angle: (Nhp gi tr gc tm +CCW, -CW) + Start, Center, Length of Chord (im u, tm, chiu di dy cung) Command: A (hoc Arc) Center / <Start point>: (Nhp to im u - 1) Center / End / <Second point>: C (2) Center: (Nhp to tm cung trn) Angle / Length of chord / <End point>: L Length of chord: (Nhp chiu di dy cung) + Start, End, Radius (im u, im cui, bn knh) Command: A (hoc Arc) Center / <Start point>: (Nhp to im u - 1) Center / End / <Second point>: E (2) End point: (Nhp to im cui) Angle / Direction / Radius / <Center point>: R Radius: (Nhp bn knh) Cung trn c v theo ngc chiu kim ng h + Start, End, Include Angle (im u, im cui, gc tm) Command: A (hoc Arc) Center / <Start point>: (Nhp to im u - 1) Center / End / <Second point>: E (2) Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 22
Cng Bi Ging End point: (Nhp to im cui) Angle / Direction / Radius / <Center point>: A Include Angle: (Nhp gi tr gc tm)
Mn hc AutoCAD
+ Start, End, Direction (im u, im cui, hng tip tuyn ca cung ti im bt u) Command: A (hoc Arc) Center / <Start point>: (Nhp to im u - 1) Center / End / <Second point>: E (2) End point: (Nhp to im cui) Angle / Direction / Radius / <Center point>: D Direction from start point: (Hng tip tuyn ti im bt u cung) + Center, Start, End (Tm, im u, im cui)
+ Center, Start, Angle (Tm, im u, gc tm)
+ Center, Start, Length (Tm, im u v chiu di dy cung)
+ Cung trn ni tip vi on thng hay cung trn trc Gi s khi thc hin lnh Arc ta v on thng hay cung trn. Ta mun v cung trn ni tip vi n th ti dng nhc Center/<Start point>: ta nhp phm Enter Command: Arc Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c
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Cng Bi Ging Center/<Start point>: End point: (Nhp im cui) II.7. V hnh ch nht Lnh RECTANG
Mn hc AutoCAD
Lnh ny dng v hnh ch nht, hnh ch nht l mt a tuyn + Dng lnh: Command: Rectang hoc Rec. Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width/<First (Nhp ta im th nht) Other corner: (Nhp to hoc chn im th hai) + Trong cc la chn: Chamfer: Cho php vt mp 4 nh hnh ch nht. u tin ta nh cc khong cch vt mp sau v hnh ch nht. Sau khi xut hin cc la chn lc ny ta chn C th my s a ra cc yu cu v ngi s dng s phi p ng l: First chamfer distance for retangles <0.0000>: (Nhp khong cch cn chamfer) Second chamfer distance for retangles <0.0000 >: Fillet: Cho php bo trn cc nh ca hnh ch nht Fillet radius for rectangles <10.0000>: Width: nh chiu rng nt v Width for rectangles <5>: Elevation/Thickness: nh cao v dy hnh ch nht khi to mt ch nht 21/2 chiu. II.8. Lnh v a tuyn Lnh PLINE Lnh Pline dng v cc a tuyn, thc hin nhiu chc nng hn lnh Line. Lnh Pline c 3 c im ni bt sau: + Lnh Pline to cc i tng c chiu rng (Width), cn lnh Line th khng. + Cc phn on Pline lin kt thnh mt i tng duy nht. Cn lnh Line cc phn on l cc i tng n. Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 24 corner>:
Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
+ Lnh Pline to nn cc phn on l cc on thng hoc cc cung trn (arc) Lnh Pline c th va v cc phn on l on thng v cung trn. y l lnh kt hp gia lnh Line v Arc Ch v on thng Command: Pline hoc Pl
From point: (Chn im hay nhp to lm im u ca Pline) Current line-width is <0.000> (Chiu rng hin hnh ca Pline l 0) Arc / Close / Halfwidth / Length / Undo / Width / <Endpoint of line>: (Nhp to im k tip. Nhp ch in hoa s dng cc la chn) Cc la chn: + Close: ng Pline bi 1 on thng + Halfwidth: nh na chiu rng phn on sp v Starting half-width <current>: (Nhp gi tr na chiu rng u phn on) Ending half-width <current>: (Nhp gi tr na chiu rng cui phn on) + Width: nh chiu rng phn on sp v, tng t Halfwidth Starting width <current>: (Nhp gi tr chiu rng u phn on) Ending width <current>: (Nhp gi tr chiu rng cui phn on) + Length: V mt on Pline c phng chiu nh on thng trc . Nu phn on trc l cung trn th n s tip xc vi cung trn Length of line: (Nhp chiu di phn on sp v). + Undo: Hu b phn on va v. Ch v cung trn Command: Pline From point: (Chn im hay nhp to lm im u ca Pline) Current line-width is <0.000> (Chiu rng hin hnh ca Pline l 0) Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 25
Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width/<Endpoint of line>: A Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second pt / Undo/Width/<Endpoint of arc>: (Chn im cui ca cung trn, v 1 cung trn tip xc vi phn on trc ) Cc la chn: + Close: ong a tuyn bi 1 cung trn + Halfwidth, Width, Undo: Tng t nh ch v on thng + Angle: Tng t nh v lnh Arc Included angle: (Nhp gi tr gc tm) Center / Radius / <Endpoint>: (Chn im cui, tm hoc bn knh) + CEnter: Khi nhp CE xut hin Center point: (Nhp to tm) Angle / Length / <Endpoint>: (Nhp gc tm, di dy cung hoc im cui cung) + Direction: nh hng ca ng tip tuyn vi im u tin ca cung trn Direction from start point: (Nhp gc hay chn hng) Endpoint: (Nhp to im cui) + Radius: Xc nh bn knh ca cung Radius: (Nhp gi tr bn knh) Angle / <Endpoint>: (Nhp gc tm hoc im cui cung trn) + Second pt: Nhp to im th hai v im cui c th xc nh cung trn i qua 3 im. Second point: (Nhp im th 2) Endpoint: (Nhp im cui) + Line: Tr v ch v on thng
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Cng Bi Ging II.9. V hnh a gic u Lnh POLYGON
Mn hc AutoCAD
Lnh Polygon dng v a gic u. a gic ny l a tuyn (Pline) c s phn on bng s cnh ca a gic. Ph thuc vo cch cho kch thc ta c ba cch v a gic u a gic ngoi tip ng trn (Circumscribed about circle) Khi cho trc bn knh ng trn ni tip (khong cch t tm n im gia ca 1 cnh) Command: Polygon hoc Pol Number of sides <4>: (Nhp s cnh a gic) Edge/ <Center of polygon>: (Nhp to tm ca a gic) Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle (I/C) <I>: C Radius of circle: (Nhp gi tr bn knh ng trn ni tip) a gic ni tip ng trn (Inscribed in circle) Khi cho trc bn knh ng trn ngoi tip (khong cch t tm ti nh a gic) Command: Polygon hoc Pol Number of sides <4>: (Nhp s cnh a gic) Edge/ <Center of polygon>: (Nhp to tm ca a gic) Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle (I/C) <I>: I Radius of circle: (Nhp gi tr bn knh ng trn ngoi tip) Nhp to mt cnh ca a gic (Edge) Khi cho trc di mt cnh ca a gic u. Command: Polygon hoc Pol Number of sides <4>: (Nhp s cnh a gic) Edge/ <Center of polygon>: E First endpoint of edge: (Nhp to im u ca 1 cnh) Second endpoint of edge: (Nhp to im cui ca 1 cnh)
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Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
Chng III: Cc phng php nhp im chnh xc
OBJECT SNAP (OSNAP)
III.1. Cc phng php truy bt im ca i tng (Objects Snap) AutoCAD cung cp mt kh nng c gi l Object Snap (OSNAP) nhm gip ta truy bt cc im thuc i tng nh: im cui, im gia, tm, giao im Khi s dng cc phng thc truy bt im, ti giao im hai si tc xut hin vung c tn gi Aperture hay l vung truy bt v ti im cn truy bt xut hin Marker (khung hnh k hiu phng thc truy bt). Khi ta chn cc i tng ang trng thi truy bt, AutoCAD s t ng tnh to im truy bt v gn cho im cn tm. Trong AutoCAD c tt c 13 phng thc truy bt im ca i tng (gi tt l truy bt im). Ta c th s dng phong php truy bt im thng tr hay tm tr. Cc im ca i tng AutoCAD c th truy bt c l: + Line, Spline : Cc im cui (ENDpoint), im gia (MIDpoint) Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 28
Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
+ Arc : Cc im cui (ENDpoint), im gia (MIDpoint), tm (CENter), im gc 1/4 (QUAdrant) + Circle, Ellipse : Tm (CENter), im gc 1/4 (QUAdrant) + Point : im tm (NODe) + Pline, Mline : Cc im cui (ENDpoint), im gia (MIDpoint) mi phn on. + Text, Block : im chn (INSert) Ngoi ra cn truy bt im tip xc (TANgent), im vung gc (PERpendicular), FROM, APPintersection Ta s dng cc phng php truy bt im khi cn xc nh ta mt im. Ti dng nhc xc nh im ca lnh Line hoc Circle: From point:, To point:, Center point: ta nhp 3 ch ci u tin ca phng php truy bt hoc chn trong Menu. Khi ang trng thi truy bt im th vung ti giao hai si tc gi l vung truy bt (Aperture) III.1.1. ENDpoint: Dng truy bt im cui ca Line, Spline, Arc, phn on ca Pline, Mline. Chn ti im gn cui im truy bt
III.1.2. CENter: + Dng truy bt tm ca Circle, arc, ellipse. Khi truy bt ta cn chn i tng cn truy bt tm.
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Cng Bi Ging III.1.3. INTersection:
Mn hc AutoCAD
Dng truy bt giao im ca hai i tng. Mun truy bt th giao im phi nm trong vung truy bt hoc c hai i tng u chm vi vung truy bt Ta c th truy bt giao im ca hai i tng khi ko di mi nhau, khi ta chn ln lt hai i tng.
III.1.4. MIDpoint: Dng truy bt im gia ca mt Line, Spline, Arc. Chn mt im bt k thuc i tng.
III.1.5. NEArest: Truy bt mt im thuc i tng gn giao im vi hai si tc nht. Cho vung truy bt n chm i tng gn im cn truy bt v nhn phm chn. III.1.6. NODe: Dng truy bt tm ca mt im. Cho vung truy bt n chm vi i tng v nhp phm chn.
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Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
III.1.7. QUAdrant: Truy bt cc im 1/4 ca Circle, Ellipse hoc Arc. Cho vung truy bt n gn im cn truy bt, chm vi i tng v nhp phm chn.
III.1.8. TANgent: Truy bt im tip xc vi Line, Arc, Ellipse, Spline hoc Circle. Cho vung truy bt chm vi i tng ti gn im cn tm v nhp phm chn.
III.1.9. PERpendicular: Truy bt im vung gc vi i tng c chn. Cho vung truy bt n chm vi i tng v nhp phm chn.
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Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
III.1.10. INSert: Truy bt im chn ca dng Text v Block. Chn mt im bt k ca dng Text hoc Block v nhp phm chn.
III.1.11. APPint (Apparent intersection) Phng thc ny cho php truy bt giao im cc i tng 3D (dng Wireframe) trong mt im nhn hin hnh (current Viewport) m thc t trong khng gian chng khng giao nhau.
III.1.12. FROm: Phng thc truy bt im FROm cho php tm mt im bng cch nhp to tng i hoc cc tng i so vi gc to l mt im chun m ta c th truy bt im. Phng thc ny thc hin thnh hai bc:
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Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
+ Bc 1: Xc nh gc to tng i (im cui cng nht xc nh trn mn hnh) ti dng nhc Base point: (Nhp to hoc s dng cc phng thc truy bt im). + Bc 2: Nhp to tng i, cc tng i ca im cn tm ti dng nhc Offset: so vi im gc to tng i nh xc nh bc 1. V d: Command: Pline Specify start point: from Base point: mid of <Offset>: @2,3
III.1.13. Tracking: Xc nh to im tng i qua mt im m ta s xc nh V d: V ng trn bn knh R=30 c tm l tm hnh ch nht kch thc 12080
Command: Circle
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Cng Bi Ging 3P/2P/TTR/<Center point>: Tracking (Tk) First tracking point: MID Of: (Truy bt im gia ng thng P1P2) Next Point (Press ENTER to end tracking): MID Of: (Truy bt im gia ng thng ng P1P4) Next point (Press ENTER to end tracking): Diameter/<Radius>: 30
Mn hc AutoCAD
III.1.14. Cc v d s dng cc phng thc truy bt im
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Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
III.2. Gn ch truy bt im thng tr (Lnh Osnap, Ddosnap) Khi s dng lnh Ddosnap xut hin hp thoi Osnap Seting. Hp thoi ny c 2 Tab l Running Osnap v AutoSnap(TM). Nu cha gn ch truy bt im thng tr th lm xut hin hp thoi Osnap Setting ta c th chn nt Osnap trn thanh Status bar (Dng trng thi). Command: Ddosnap + Hp thoi Running Osnap: dng gn ch truy bt thng tr (Select Setting) v iu chnh kch thc vung truy bt (Aperture size).
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Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
Chng IV: Cc lnh hiu chnh - V nhanh
IV.1. Cc phng php la chn i tng Khi thc hin cc lnh hiu chnh, v nhanh (Modify command) ti dng nhc Select Objects: ta chn i tng hiu chnh theo cc phng php khc nhau. Khi dng nhc Select objects: xut hin th con tr to bin mt ch cn mt vung gi l chn (Pickbox). Ta dng chn ny chn i tng. Nu i tng c chn th i tng ny c dng nt t (ging nh dng ng Hidden). kt thc vic la chn hoc bt u thc hin lnh ta nhn phm Enter ti dng nhc Select Objects: Cc phng php la chn i tng: 1. Pickbox Dng vung chn, mi ln ta ch chn c mt i tng. Ti dng nhc Select objects: xut hin vung, ta Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 36
Cng Bi Ging ko vung ny giao vi i tng cn chn v nhp phm chn. 2. Auto Ti dng nhc Select objects: ta chn hai im xc nh khung ca s. Nu im u tin bn tri, im th hai bn phi th nhng i tng no nm trong khung ca s c chn. Nu im u tin bn phi v im th hai bn tri th nhng i tng no nm trong v giao vi khung ca s s c chn. 3. Windows (W) Dng khung ca s la chn i tng. Ti dng nhc Select objects: ta nhp W. Chn hai im 1 v 2 xc nh khung ca s, nhng i tng no nm trong khung ca s s c chn 4. Crossing Window (C)
Mn hc AutoCAD
1 Auto (Window)
1 2 Auto (Crossing)
Dng ca s ct la chn i tng. Ti dng nhc Select objects: ta nhp C. Chn hai im 1 v 2 xc nh khung ca s. Khi nhng i tng no nm trong hoc giao vi khung ca s s c chn P2
P3
5. Window Polygon (WP) Ging nh Window nhng khung ca s l mt a gic, nhng i tng nm trong khung ca s s c chn. Ta nhp WP ti dng nhc Select objects: s xut hin cc la chn sau:
P1 P5 P4
First polygon point: <Chn im th nht P1 ca Polygon> Specify endpoint of line or [Undo]: <Chn im ca P2 ca mt cnh> Specify endpoint of line or [Undo]: <Chn im ca P3 ca mt cnh hoc Enter kt thc vic la chn> 6. Crossing Polygon (CP) Ging nh Crossing Window nhng khung ca s l mt a gic 7. Fence (F) La chn ny cho php to mt ng ct bao Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 37
P2
P3 P1
Cng Bi Ging gm nhiu phn on, nhng i tng no giao vi khung ca s ny s c chn, Khi nhp F ti dng nhc Select objects: s xut hin cc la chn v ta chn cc im nh ca Fence:
Mn hc AutoCAD
P2
Select objects: F P3 P1 First fence point: <im u tin ca Fence> Specify endpoint of line or [Undo]: <im k tip ca Fence> Specify endpoint of line or [Undo]: <im k tip ca Fence hoc Enter kt thc to Fence> Select objects: F 8. Last (L) Khi nhp L th i tng no c to bi lnh v (Draw commands) sau cng nht s c chn. 9. Previous (P) Chn li cc i tng chn ti dng nhc Select objects: ca mt lnh hiu chnh hoc dng hnh thc hin cui cng nht 10. All Tt c cc i tng trn bn v hin hnh s c chn 11. Remove (R) Chuyn sang ch tr cc i tng t nhm cc i tng c chn. Khi nhp R ti dng nhc Select objects: s xut hin dng nhc Remove objects. Ti dng nhc cui cng ny ta c th s dng tt c cc phng php la chn i tng trn tr cc i tng. Ta cn c th tr cc i tng ti dng nhc Select objects: bng cch ng thi nhn phm Shift v s dng cc phng php la chn i tng 12. Add (A) Mun chuyn t ch tr cc i tng Remove objects sang ch chn thm i tng ti dng nhc ny ta nhp A 13. Undo (U) Hu b i tng va c chn 14. Group Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 38
From selection set Remove entiry
Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
Dng la chn ny gi li cc i tng c to bng lnh Group trc . Groups l cc nhm i tng chn Select objects: G Enter group name: <Nhp tn nhm cc i tng c t tn> Select objects: IV.2. cc lnh tr gip v i tng IV.2.1 Xo cc i tng - Lnh Erase Lnh Erase dng xo cc i tng ta chn trn bn v hin hnh. Sau khi chn i tng xong ta ch cn nhn phm Enter th lnh c thc hin. Command line: Erase (hoc E) Select objects: <Chn i tng cn xo> Select objects: <Chn tip cc i tng cn xo hoc nhn phm Enter kt thc vic la chn v thc hin lnh>
IV.2.2. Phc hi cc i tng b xo - Lnh Oops Phc hi li cc i tng c xo bi mt lnh Erase trc Command line: Oops
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Cng Bi Ging IV.2.3. Hu b v thc hin lnh - Lnh Undo, U Lnh U dng hu b ln lt cc lnh thc hin trc Command line: U
Mn hc AutoCAD
Lnh Undo cho php hu b mt lnh hoc nhm lnh thc hin trc . Command line: Undo
Enter the number of operations to undo or [Auto/Control/Begin/End/ Mark/Back]: <Nhp cc la chn hoc nhn Enter thc hin nh lnh U> Cc la chn: - Auto: Nu l On th cc i tng c v trong mi lnh xem nh l mt nhm. - Mark: nh du lnh AutoCAD va thc hin m sau ny ta c th tr v bng la chn Back - BAck: Hu b cc lnh thc hin n ln nh du (Mark) gn nht, nu ta khng nh du bi la chn Mark th AutoCAD s xo tt c cc lnh thc hin trc . - BEgin: Dng la chn ny nh du lnh u ca nhm lnh, sau dng la chn End nh du lnh cui ca nhm lnh. - End: La chn ny kt hp vi la chn Begin nh du lnh cui ca nhm lnh v sau ta c th xo bi mt bc thc hin - Control: La chn Control iu khin vic thc hin cc la chn ca lnh Undo. Khi nhp C xut hin dng nhc: All/None/One <All>: + All: Thc hin tt c cc la chn ca lnh Undo + One: Ch hu b c mt lnh va thc hin trc + None: Khng th thc hin vic hu b cc lnh ca AutoCAD IV.2.4. Lnh Redo Lnh Redo dng sau cc lnh U hoc Undo phc hi mt lnh va hu trc . Command line: Redo
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Cng Bi Ging IV.3. Cc lnh hiu chnh i tng IV.3.1. Di chuyn cc i tng - Lnh Move
Mn hc AutoCAD
Lnh Move dng thc hin php di mt hay nhiu cc i tng t mt v tr hin ti n mt v tr bt k trn hnh v Command line: Move
Select objects: <Chn cc i tng cn di chuyn> Select objects: <Tip tc chn cc i tng hoc Enter kt thc vic la chn> Specify base point or displacement: <Chn im chun hoc nhp khong di chuyn: c th dng chut, dng cc phng php truy bt im, to tuyt i, tng i, cc tng i> Specify second point of displacement: <im m cc i tng di chuyn n: c th s dng phm chn ca chut, dng cc phng php truy bt im, to tuyt i, tng i, to cc tng i...>
IV.3.2. Xn mt phn i tng nm gia hai i tng giao nhau - Lnh Trim, Extrim Lnh Trim dng xo on cui ca i tng c gii hn bi mt i tng khc hoc on gia ca i tng c gii hn bi hai i tng khc. Command line: Trim
Current settings: Projection = current Edge = current Select cutting edges... Select objects: <Chn i tng giao vi on m ta mun xo>
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Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
Select objects: <Chn tip cc i tng giao nhau hoc kt thc vic la chn bng cch nhn phm Enter> Select object to trim or [Project/Edge/Undo]: <Chn on cn xo> Select object to trim or [Project/Edge/Undo]: <Tip tc chn on cn xo hoc Enter kt thc lnh> Trc khi Trim Sau khi Trim
Cuting edges
* Ch : - Ti dng nhc "Select objects:" nu mun chn tt c cc i tng ta ch cn nhn phm Enter, dng nhc tip ca lnh Trim s xut hin. - Nu ti dng nhc "Select object to trim or [Project/Edge/Undo]: " ta chn a tuyn Pline th s xn mt phn hnh ca a tuyn.
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Cng Bi Ging Cc la chn khc:
Mn hc AutoCAD
- Edgemode: L la chn ca lnh Trim xc nh l phn i tng c xn giao vi cc i tng giao c ko di hay khng (Extend hoc No Extend)
- Projectmode: La chn ny dng xo (xn) cc on ca mt m hnh 3 chiu (m hnh dng khung dy - Wireframe). La chn View cho php xo (xn) mt on bt k ca hnh chiu m hnh 3 chiu ln mt phng song song vi mn hnh mc d thc t cc i tng giao vi cc on cn xn khng giao nhau
- Undo: La chn ny cho php phc hi li on va c xo * Lnh Extrim Lnh Extrim dng xo cng mt lc nhiu i tng c gii hn bi mt cnh ct Command: Extrim Trang 43
Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
Pick a POLYLINE, LINE, CIRCLE, ARC, ELLIPSE, IMAGE or TEXT for cutting edge...: <Chn Pline, line, arc hoc circle lm cnh ct> Specify the side to trim on: <Chn mt im nm trong hoc ngoi cnh ct>
Cutting edge
Trc Extrim
Sau Extrim vi P1 nm trong Cutting edge Sau Extrim vi P1 nm ngoi Cutting edge
IV.3.3. Xn mt phn i tng nm gia hai im chn - Lnh Break Lnh Break cho php ta xn mt phn ca cc i tng Arc, Line, Circle, Pline, Trace... on c xn c gii hn bi hai im m ta chn, nu ta xn mt phn ca ng trn th on c xn nm ngc chiu kim ng h bt u t im chn th nht Trong lnh Break th mt hoc c hai im chn c th khng nm trn i tng b xn C 4 la chn khi thc hin lnh Break: 1. Chn hai im - 2 point - Bc 1: Chn i tng ti mt im v im ny l im u tin ca on cn xn - Bc 2: Ta chn im cui ca on cn xn Command line: Break
Select object: <Chn i tng c on m ta mun xn v im ny l im u tin ca on cn xn> Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 44
Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
Specify second break point or [First point]: <Chn im cui ca on cn xn>

2 1 1 1 2 2
1 1 2 1 Sau Break Trc Break Trc Break 2 Sau Break 2
2. Chn i tng v hai im - 2 point select Theo cch ny ngoi vic la chn i tng cn phi chn hai im u v cui ca on cn xn. Command line: Break
Select object: <Chn i tng c on m ta mun xn> Specify second break point or [First point]: F Specify first break point: <Chn im u ca on cn xn> Specify second break point: <Chn im cui ca on cn xn>
Trc Break 1
Select
Sau Break 2
1
Select
3. Chn mt im - 1 point
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Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
Lnh Break trong trng hp ny dng tch 1 i tng thnh 2 i tng c lp. im tch l im m ta chn i tng thc hin lnh Break Command line: Break
Select object: <Chn i tng c on m ta mun xn ti im cn tch i tng> Specify second break point or [First point]: @ 4. Chn i tng v 1 im - 1 point Select Dng lnh Break tch i tng thnh hai i tng Command line: Break
Select object: <Chn i tng cn tch thnh hai i tng> Specify second break point or [First point]: F Specify first break point: <Chn 1 im v im ny l im tch hai i tng> Specify second break point: @
IV.3.4. Ko di i tng - Lnh Extend Ngc li vi lnh Trim, lnh Extend dng ko di mt i tng n giao vi mt i tng c chn (ng bin - Boundary edge(s)). i tng l ng bin cn c th l i tng cn ko di
Command line:
Select boundary edges...
Extend
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Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
Select objects: <Chn i tng l ng bin. Nu Enter s chn tt c i tng trn bn v, kt thc vic la chn i tng v tip tc lnh> Select objects: <Chn tip cc i tng lm ng bin hoc Enter kt thc vic la chn> Select object to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo]: <Chn i tng cn ko di> Select object to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo]: <Chn tip cc i tng cn ko di hoc nhn Enter kt thc lnh>
Cc la chn: - Edgemode: Tng t nh lnh Trim. S dng la chn Edgemode vi la chn Extend ko di mt on thng khng giao vi n.
- Projectmode: Tng t la chn Projectmode ca lnh Trim - Undo: Dng hu b thao tc va thc hin IV.3.5. Quay i tng xung quanh mt im - Lnh Rotate Lnh Rotate thc hin php quay cc i tng c chn xung quanh mt im chun (Base point) gi l tm quay.
Command line: Rotate
Select objects: <Chn i tng cn quay> Select objects: <Chn tip i tng hoc Enter kt thc vic la chn> Specify base point: <Chn tm m cc i tng quay xung quanh> Specify rotation angle or [Reference]: <Chn gc quay hoc nhn R nhp gc tham chiu>
Reference Specify the reference angle <0>: <Gc tham chiu> Specify the new angle: <Gi tr gc mi>
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Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
IV.3.6. Thay i kch thc theo t l - Lnh Scale Lnh Scale dng tng hoc gim kch thc cc i tng trn bn v theo mt t l nht nh
Command line:
Scale
Select objects: <Chn i tng cn thay i t l> Select objects: <Chn tip i tng hoc Enter kt thc vic la chn> Specify base point: <Chn im chun l im ng yn khi thay i t l> Specify scale factor or [Reference]: <Nhp h s t l hoc nhp R> Reference:
Specify reference length <1>: <Nhp chiu di tham chiu> Specify new length: <Nhp chiu di mi>
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Cng Bi Ging IV.3.7. Thay i chiu di i tng - Lnh Lengthen
Mn hc AutoCAD
Lnh Lengthen dng thay i chiu di (ko di hoc lm ngn li) cc i tng l on thng hoc cung trn. Command line: Lengthen
Select an object or [DElta/Percent/Total/DYnamic]: Cc la chn: - Select object: Dng la chn ny hin th chiu di ng thng hoc gc m ca cung c chn. - DElta: Thay i chiu di i tng bng cch a vo khong tng. Gi tr khong tng m th lm gim kch thc, gi tr khong tng dng lm tng kch thc. Khi nhp DE sau dng nhc trn s xut hin dng nhc ph: Enter delta length or [Angle] <current>: <Nhp khong tng hoc nhp A chn khong thay i gc tm> Sau khi nh gi tr khong tng xut hin dng nhc: Select an object to change or [Undo]: <Chn i tng cn thay i kch thc> Dng nhc trn c xut hin lin tc, khi mun kt thc lnh ta nhp phm Enter.
- Percent: La chn ny cho php ta thay i chiu di i tng theo phn trm (%) so vi tng chiu di hin hnh. Khi >100% th chiu di ca i tng c tng ln cn ngc li (<100%) th gim xung Enter percentage length <current>: <Nhp gi tr> Select an object to change or [Undo]: <Chn i tng cn thay i kch thc> - Total: La chn ny dng thay i tng chiu di ca mt i tng hoc gc m cung theo gi tr mi a vo Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 49
Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
Specify total length or [Angle] <current>: <a gi tr hoc nhp A chn gc> - Dynamic: Dng la chn ny thay i ng chiu di ca i tng IV.3.8. Di chuyn v ko gin cc i tng - Lnh Stretch Lnh Stretch dng di chuyn v ko gin cc i tng, Khi ko gin vn duy tr s dnh ni cc i tng. Cc i tng l on thng c ko gin ra hoc co li (chiu di s di ra hoc ngn li), cc i tng l cung trn khi ko gin ra s thay i bn knh. ng trn khng th ko gin. Khi chn cc i tng thc hin lnh Stretch ta dng phng thc la chn Crossing Windows hoc Crossing polygon, nhng i tng no giao vi khung ca s s c di i. i vi ng trn nu c tm nm trong khung ca s chn s c di chuyn i. Command line: Stretch
Select objects to stretch by crossing-window or crossing-polygon... Select objects: <Chn cc i tng theo phng thc Crossing> Select objects: <Nhn Enter kt thc vic la chn> Specify base point or displacement: <Chn im chun hay khong di> Specify second point of displacement: <im di n, nu cho khong di th Enter> Tu vo i tng c chn, ta c cc trng hp sau: 1. Cc on thng giao vi khung ca s chn c ko gin ra hoc co li, cung trn c di i.
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Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
2. Cung trn c ko gin v on thng ngang b ko co li.
3. on ng c di, hai on nm ngang c ko gin
IV.3.9. Di v quay i tng - Lnh Align Lnh Align dng di chuyn (move) v quay (rotate) v ly t l (Scale) cc i tng. i vi cc i tng 2D ta s dng cc trng hp sau: 1. Khi chn mt cp im ta thc hin php di Command line: Align
Select objects: <Chn cc i tng cn Align> Select objects: <Nhn Enter kt thc la chn> Specify first source point: <Chn im ngun th nht trn i tng chn> Specify first destination point: <Chn im di n th nht> Specify second source point: <Nhn Enter>
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Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
2. Khi chn hai cp im ta thc hin php di v quay hnh. Tu vo la chn YES hoc NO ti dng nhc "Scale objects based on alignment points [Yes/No] <No>" ta thc hin php ly t l. Command line: Align
Select objects: <Chn cc i tng cn Align> Select objects: <Nhn Enter kt thc la chn> Specify first source point: <Chn im ngun th nht trn i tng chn> Specify first destination point: <Chn im di n th nht> Specify second source point: <Chn im ngun th hai trn i tng chn> Specify second destination point: <Chn im di n th hai> Specify third source point: <Nhn Enter> Scale objects based on alignment points [Yes/No] <No>: <Nhn Yes hoc No>
3. Khi dng lnh Align cho cc i tng 3D phi chn c 3 cp im
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Cng Bi Ging IV.4. Cc lnh v nhanh i tng IV.4.1. To cc i tng song song - Lnh Offset
Mn hc AutoCAD
Lnh Offset dng to cc i tng mi song song theo hng vung gc vi cc i tng c chn. i tng c chn to cc i tng song song c th l Line, Circle, Arc, Pline, Spline.... Tu vo i tng c chn ta c cc trng hp sau: - Nu i tng c chn l on thng th s to ra on thng mi c cng chiu di. Hai on thng ny tng t nh hai cnh song song ca hnh ch nht - Nu i tng l ng trn th ta c ng trn ng tm - Nu i tng c chn l cung trn th ta c cung trn ng tm v gc tm bng nhau - Nu i tng c chn l Pline, Spline th ta to mt hnh dng song song C hai la chn khi to cc i tng song song: - Cc i tng song song cch cc i tng c chn mt khong cch (Offset distance) - Cc i tng song song s i qua mt im (Through point)
1. La chn Offset distance Command line: Offset
Specify offset distance or [Through] <current>: <Khong cch gia hai i tng song song>
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Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
Select object to offset or <exit>: <Chn i tng to i tng song song vi n> Specify point on side to offset?: <Chn im bt k v pha cn to i tng mi song song> Select object to offset or <exit>: <Tip tc chn i tng khc hoc nhn Enter k thc lnh>
2. La chn Through Command line: Offset
Specify offset distance or [Through] <current>: T Select object to offset or <exit>: <Chn i tng to i tng //> Specify through point: <Truy bt im m i tng mi s to ra> Select object to offset or <exit>: <Tip tc chn i tng khc hoc nhn Enter k thc lnh>
IV.4.2. V ni tip hai i tng bi cung trn - Lnh Fillet Lnh Fillet dng v ni tip hai i tng bi mt cung trn. Lnh Fillet c thc hin hai giai on: Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 54
Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
- Giai on 1 xc nh bn knh cung ni tip R (gi tr bn knh ny tr thnh mc nh) - Giai on 2 ta chn hai i tng thc hin lnh Fillet
Command line:
Fillet
Current settings: Mode = current, Radius = current
Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Trim]: R bn knh>
<Nhp R chn
Specify fillet radius <current>: <Nhp gi tr bn knh R hoc chn hai im v khong cch gia hai im ny l bn knh R, gi tr R ny tr thnh mc nh cho cc ln Fillet sau> Command line: Fillet
Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Trim]: <Chn i tng th nht l Line, Circle, Arc, Spline hoc phn on ca Pline v chn ti im gn v tr Fillet > Select second object: <Chn i tng th hai gn v tr Fillet> Ta c th s dng lnh Fillet vi R = 0 ko di hoc xn cc i tng giao nhau.
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Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
Cc la chn khc: - Polyline: Nu ta ch cn Fillet hai phn on ca mt a tuyn th sau khi nh bn knh R ta chn ln lt 2 phn on k tip ca a tuyn nh hai i tng n. Nu mun Fillet ton b cc nh a tuyn th sau khi chn R ta thc hin theo trnh t sau: Command line: Fillet
Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Trim]:
Select 2D polyline: <Chn Polyline cn bo trn cc nh > Tuy nhin AutoCAD ch Fillet ti cc nh l giao im ca hai phn on thng ca a tuyn.
- Trim/Notrim: Thc hin lnh Fillet ang trng thi Trim mode (mc nh) th cc i tng c chn Fillet s ko di n hoc xn cc phn Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 56
Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
on tha ti cc im tip xc. Nu ta chn Notrim mode th cc i tng s khng c ko di hoc xn i ti cc im tip xc vi cung ni.
Command line:
Fillet
Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Trim]:
Enter Trim mode option [Trim/No trim] <current>: <Nhp T chn Trim mode hoc N chn Notrim mode> Ch : - Ta ch s dng lnh Fillet khi ng trn ng tm v cng bn knh vi cung ni tip khng bao mt trong hai hoc c hai i tng chn v cung ni tip. - v cung ni tip khi ng trn ng tm v cng bn knh vi cung ni tip bao mt hoc c hai i tng chn th ta s dng lnh Circle, la chn TTR v sau dng lnh Trim xn on tha - v on thng ni tip hai cung hoc ng trn ta dng lnh Line (kt hp vi phng thc truy bt im TANgent IV.4.3. Vt mp cc cnh - Lnh Chamfer Lnh Chamfer trong bn v 2D dng to mt ng xin ti im giao nhau ca hai on thng hoc ti cc nh a tuyn c hai phn on (segment) l cc on thng. Trong c kh gi l vt mp cc cnh. Trnh t thc hin lnh Chamfer tng t nh lnh Fillet Kch thc ng vt mp (ng xin) c nh bng hai phng php: theo hai khong cch t im giao nhau (Distance), hoc nhp mt gi tr khong cch v gc nghing (Angle)
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Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
Command line:
Chamfer
(TRIM mode) Current chamfer Dist1 = current, Dist2 = current Select first line or [Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method]: Cc la chn: - Method: Chn mt trong hai phng php nh kch thc ng vt mp: Distance (nhp gi tr hai khong cch), Angle (nhp gi tr mt khong cch v gc nghing) - Distance: Dng la chn ny nhp hai khong cch. Sau lp li lnh chn hai cnh cn Chamfer Command line: Chamfer
(TRIM mode) Current chamfer Dist1 = current, Dist2 = current Select first line or [Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method]: D Specify first chamfer distance <current>: <Nhp gi tr khong cch th nht> Specify second chamfer distance <current>: <Nhp khong cch th hai>
Command line:
Chamfer
(TRIM mode) Current chamfer Dist1 = current, Dist2 = current Select first line or [Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method]: <Chn on thng th nht> Specify second chamfer distance <current>: <Chn on thng th hai>
- Angle: La chn ny cho php ta nhp gi tr khong cch th nht v gc ca ng vt mp hp vi ng th nht. Khi nhp A xut hin cc dng nhc sau: Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 58
Cng Bi Ging Command line: Chamfer
Mn hc AutoCAD
(TRIM mode) Current chamfer Dist1 = current, Dist2 = current Select first line or [Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method]: A Specify chamfer length on the first line <current>: <Nhp khong cch vt mp trn ng th nht> Specify chamfer angle from the first line <current>: < Nhp gi tr gc ng vt mp hp vi ng th nht>
- Trim/Notrim: Cc chc nng tng t nh lnh Fillet - Polyline: Nu mun vt mp ti mt nh th ta ch cn chn hai phn on Polyline. Cn mun vt mp ti tt c cc nh ca Pline th sau khi nhp cc gi tr khong cch xong ti dng nhc u tin ta nhp P, s xut hin dng nhc sau: Command line: Chamfer
(TRIM mode) Current chamfer Dist1 = current, Dist2 = current Select first line or [Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method]: P Select 2D polyline: <Chn Polyline cn Chamfer>
Ch : - Ta khng th Fillet hoc Chamfer vi hai i tng chn l hai phn on ca cc Pline khc nhau. Khi xut hin dng thng bo Cannot fillet polyline segments from different polylines. Mun Fillet hoc Chamfer chng u tin ta phi s dng lnh Explode ph v mt trong hai Pline thnh cc i tng n v sau thc hin lnh
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Cng Bi Ging IV.4.4. Sao chp cc i tng - Lnh Copy
Mn hc AutoCAD
Lnh Copy dng sao chp cc i tng c chn theo phng tnh tin v sp xp chng theo cc v tr xc nh Command line: Copy
Select objects: <Chn cc i tng cn sao chp> Select objects: <Chn tip cc i tng cn sao chp hoc nhn Enter kt thc vic la chn> Specify base point or displacement, or [Multiple]: <Chn im chun bt k, kt hp vi cc phng thc truy bt im hoc nhp khong di> Specify second point of displacement: <Chn v tr ca cc i tng sao chp, c th dgn phm chn kt hp vi cc phng thc truy bt im hoc nhp to tuyt i, tng i, cc tng i>
Ch : 1. C th chn Basepoint v Second point l cc im bt k 2. Chn cc im Basepoint v Second point bng cch dng cc phng thc truy bt im 3. Ti dng nhc Second point of displacement: ta c th nhp to tng i, cc tng i. 4. Ti dng nhc Base point or displacement: ta c th nhp khong di 5. Trong lnh Copy c la chn Multiple, la chn ny dng sao chp nhiu bn t nhm cc i tng c chn Command line: Copy
Select objects: <Chn cc i tng cn sao chp> Select objects: <Chn tip cc i tng cn sao chp hoc nhn Enter kt thc vic la chn> Specify base point or displacement, or [Multiple]: M Specify base point: <Chn im chun> Specify second point of displacement: <Chn im Copy n> Specify second point of displacement: <Tip tc chn im Copy n hoc Enter kt thc lnh>
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Cng Bi Ging IV.4.5. Php i xng trc - Lnh Mirror
Mn hc AutoCAD
Lnh Mirror dng to cc i tng mi i xng vi cc i tng c chn qua mt trc. Ni cch khc l ta quay cc i tng c chn chung quanh trc i xng mt gc 1800.
Cc i tng c chn Mirror line First point of mirror line
Second point of mirror line
Delete old objects? Y
Delete old objects? N
Command line:
Mirror
Select objects: <Chn cc i tng thc hin php i xng> Select objects: <Enter kt thc vic la chn> Specify first point of mirror line: <Chn im th nht ca trc i xng> Specify second point of mirror line: <Chn im th hai ca trc i xng> Delete source objects? [Yes/No] <N>: <Xo i tng c chn c khi i xng hay khng? Nhp N nu khng mun xo, nhp Y nu mun xo>
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Cng Bi Ging IV.4.6. Sao chp i tng theo dy - Lnh Array
Mn hc AutoCAD
Lnh Array dng sao chp cc i tng c chn thnh dy hnh ch nht (Rectangular array) hay sp xp xung quanh tm (Polar array). Cc dy ny sp xp cch u nhau: 1. Rectangular Array Dng sao chp cc i tng c chn thnh dy c s hng (rows) v s ct (columns) nht nh Command line: Array
Select objects: <Chn cc i tng cn sao chp> Select objects: <Nhn Enter kt thc vic la chn> Enter the type of array [Rectangular/Polar] <current>: R Enter the number of rows (---) <1>: <Nhp s hng> Enter the number of columns (|||) <1>: <Nhp s ct> Enter the distance between rows or specify unit cell (---): <Nhp gi tr ca khong cch t mt im bt k trn mt i tng n im tng ng ca i tng trn hng k tip, gi tr ny c th m hoc dng> Specify the distance between columns (|||): <Nhp khong cch gia cc ct, gi tr ny c th m hoc dng>
Ta c th dng n v (Unit cell) nhp khong cch gia cc hng v ct. Unit cell l n v hnh ch nht, khong cch theo trc honh ca ny s l khong cch gia cc ct v khong cch theo trc tung l khong cch gia cc hng.
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Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
2. Polar Array La chn ny dng to cc dy sp xp xung quanh mt tm Command line: Array
Select objects: <Chn cc i tng cn sao chp> Select objects: <Nhn Enter kt thc vic la chn> Enter the type of array [Rectangular/Polar] <current>: Specify center point of array: <Chn tm cu dy> Enter the number of items in the array: <S i tng sao chp> Specify the angle to fill (+=ccw, -=cw) <360>: <Nhp gc quay. Nu gc c gi tr m th cc i tng sao chp quay cng chiu kim ng h. Nu gc c gi tr dng th quay ngc chiu kim ng h> Rotate arrayed objects? <Y>: <C quay cc i tng khi sao chp hay khng? Nhp Enter nu ng hoc nhp N nu khng ng > P
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Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
Ch : to dy cc i tng khng nm song song vi trc X v Y ta c th s dng cc phng php sau: - Kt hp vi lnh Snap - Quay h to xung quanh trc Z (lnh UCS) - S dng lnh Block to khi, sau dng lnh Divide hoc Measure.
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Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
Chng V: Qun l cc i tng trong bn v
V.1. Lp (Layer), mu v ng nt Trong cc bn v AutoCAD cc i tng c tnh cht chung thng nhm thnh lp (Layer). S lp trong mt bn v khng gii hn, tn thng thng phn nh ni dung ca cc i tng nm trn lp . Ta c th hiu chnh cc trng thi ca lp; M (ON), tt (OFF), kho (LOCK), m kho (UNLOCK), ng bng (FREEZE) v tan bng (THAW) cc lp cho cc i tng nm trn cc lp xut hin hay khng xut hin trn mn hnh hoc trn giy v. Mu (Color) v dng ng (Linetype) ta c th gn cho lp hoc cho tng i tng. Tuy nhin d iu khin cc tnh cht i tng trong bn v ta nn gn mu v dng ng cho cc lp. Khi Color v Linetype c dng BYLAYER. Ta gn mu cho cc i tng hoc cho lp ch yu l iu khin vic xut bn v ra giy. Trong hp thoi Print/Plot Configuration ca lnh in (lnh Plot hoc Print) phn Pen Assigments chn bt v ta thng chn theo mu ca cc i tng trn mn hnh. Mi loi mu trn mn hnh ta gn cho mt Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 65
Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
loi bt v bn v chng ta c v (hoc in) vi cc loi bt c chiu rng nt v khc nhau. V.1.1. To v hiu chnh lp bng hp thoi Layer Properties Manager. Khi thc hin lnh Layer hoc Ddlmodes (chn Format/Layer) s xut hin hp thoi Layer Properties Manager.
1. To Layer mi. - Nhn nt New trong hp thoi s xut hin son tho Layer 1 ti ct Name - Nhp tn lp vo son tho. Tn lp khng c di qu 31 k t. K t c th l s, ch k c cc k t nh _ - $... Khng c c cc khong trng gia cc k t. S lp trong bn v khng gii hn (khng vt qu Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 66
Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
32767). Tn lp nn t d nh v theo cc tnh cht lin quan n i tng lp . - Nu mun to nhiu lp cng mt lc ta nhp cc tn lp cch nhau bi du phy. 2. Tt, m Layer (ON/OFF) tt, m Layer ta chn biu tng trng thi ON/OFF. Khi mt lp c tt th cc i tng nm trn lp khng hin trn mn hnh. Cc i tng ca lp c tt vn c th c chn nu nh ti dng nhc Select objects: ca lnh hiu chnh ta dng la chn All chn i tng 3. ng v lm tan bng ca mt Layer (Freeze/Thaw) ng bng (FREEZE) v lm tan bng (THAW) lp trn tt c khung nhn (Viewports) ta chn biu tng trng thi FREEZE/THAW. Cc i tng ca lp ng bng khng xut hin trn mn hnh v ta khng th hiu chnh cc i tng ny (khng th chn i tng lp ng bng ngay c la chn All) 4. Kho v m kho cho lp (Lock/Unlock) kho v m kho cho lp ta chn biu tng trng thi LOCK/UNLOCK. i tng ca Layer b kho s khng hiu chnh c, tuy nhin chng vn hin th trn mn hnh v c th in ra c. 5. Thay i mu ca lp Ta chn vo mu ca lp, khi s xut hin hp thoi Select Color v theo hp thoi ny ta c th gn mu cho cc lp ang c chn. Bng mu ca AutoCAD bao gm 256 mu c nh s t 1 256, khi ta chn mu th tn s mu xut hin ti son tho Color. Cc mu chun t 17, ngoi m s ta c th nhp trc tip tn mu: 1- Red (), 2 - Yerlow (vng), 3 Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 67
Cng Bi Ging (tm), 7 - White (trng) 6. Gn dng ng cho lp gn dng ng cho lp ta chn vo tn dng ng ca lp, xut hin hp thoi Select Linetype. u tin trong bn v ch c 1 dng ng duy nht l Continuous, nhp cc dng ng khc vo trong bn v ta s dng lnh - Linetype hoc chn nt Load... ca hp thoi Select Linetype 7. Xo lp (Delete)
Mn hc AutoCAD
Green (xanh l cy), 4 - Cyan (xanh da tri), 5 - Blue (xanh lc), 6 - Magenta
Ta d dng xo lp to bng cch chn lp v nhn nt Delete. 8. Gn lp hin hnh (Curent) Ta chn lp v nhn nt Current. Lc ny bn cnh nt Current s xut hin tn lp hin hnh m ta va chn. Khi cc i tng mi to bng cc lnh v (line, arc, circle...) s c cc tnh cht ca lp hin hnh. * Ch : a. Mun chn nhiu lp cng mt lc hiu chnh ta c cc phng php: - Chn 1 lp v nhn phm phi chut. Chn Select all chn tt c lp - chn nhiu lp khng lin tip, u tin ta chn 1 lp sau nhn ng thi phm Ctrl v chn cc lp cn li. - chn nhiu lp lin tip nhau u tin ta chn 1 lp sau nhn ng thi phm Shift v chn lp cui ca nhm - Khi chn 1 lp, chn 1 im trn khung vn bn v nhn phi chut ta c th hiu chnh lp c chn b. d s dng v trao i bn v vi ngi khc chng ta nn to lp c tn, mu, dng ng thch hp vi ngi s dng khc.
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Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
c. sp xp cc tn lp theo mt th t no ta chn vo tn ct hng trn cng bng danh sch lp. Ln th nht ta nhn vo tn ct s sp xp lp theo la chn theo th t tng dn, nu ta tip tc nhn vo tn ct ny mt ln na s sp xp theo th t gim dn. d. Khi ta nhn vo nt Detail >> s xut hin hp thoi chi tit hn. Ta c th gn mu, dng ng v thay i cc trng thi ca lp theo cc nt chn e. thay i khong cch gia cc ct danh sch cc lp: Name, On,... ta tin hnh nh trong cc hp thoi v File. Ta ko con tr n v tr gia cc ct, khi xut hin du thp c hai mi tn nm ngang v ta ch cn ko du ny sang tri hoc sang phi th ln cc ct s thay i theo. V.1.2. Qun l ng nt bng hp thoi Linetype Manager Khi chn mc Format/Linetype xut hin hp thoi Linetype Manager nhp cc dng ng vo trong bn v ta chn nt Load... Khi xut hin hp thoi Load or Reload Linetype. Trn hp thoi ny ta chn cc dng ng cn nhp v nhn phm OK
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Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
S xut hin hp thoi mt cch chi tit nu ta chn nt Details >>
Cc nt chn hp thoi gm: - Global scale factor: Gn t l dng ng cho tt c cc i tng trong bn v - Current objects scale: Gn t l dng ng cho i tng ang v V.1.3. iu khin lp bng thanh cng c Object Properties Ta c th thc hin cc lnh v lp bng thanh cng c Object Properties
Make Object's Layer Current Linetype Lineweight
Layer
Color
Nt Make Objects Layer Current Chn i tng trn bn v v lp cha i tng s tr thnh lp hin hnh. Danh sch Color Control Gn mu hin hnh cho i tng sp v hoc c chn Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 70
Cng Bi Ging Danh sch Linetype Control Gn dng ng hin hnh cho i tng sp v Danh sch Lineweight Control Gn b dy nt v cho i tng sp v
Mn hc AutoCAD
V.1.4. Cc dng ng nt trong bn v k thut theo TCVN Nt c bn Nt c bn l ng bao thy ca vt th v c dng ng Continuous (ng lin). B rng nt v t 0,5 ... 1,4 mm tu theo ln v mc phc tp ca hnh biu din. B rng ca nt phi thng nht trn tt c cc hnh biu din ca cng mt bn v V ng tm v ng trc Cc ng tm v ng trc l ng chm gch mnh c di gch t 5... 30 mm v khong cch gia chng l 3... 5 mm. Trong cc dng ng ca file ACAD.LIN ta c th chn cc dng ng CENTER, CENTER2, CENTERX2.... Phng php v ng tm v ng tm, u tin chn lp DUONG_TAM l hin hnh, sau s dng mt trong cc phng php sau: - S dng lnh Dimcenter vi gi tr bin DIMCEN m hoc dng. Sau khi v xong, s dng lnh Ddchprop chuyn dng ng sang BYLAYER - v ng trc ta dng lnh Line sau dng GRIPS, ch STRETCH hiu chnh. Hoc dng lnh Line kt hp vi ch ORTHO l ON, sau s dng lnh MOVE di chuyn - S dng lnh Line v, sau s dng lnh Lengthen ko di (la chn Delta...) - S dng lnh Xline hoc Ray v, sau dng lnh Break xn cc u ng trc v ng tm v qu ng bao ca hnh biu din t 2..5 mm v kt thc bng nt gch. V tr ca tm ng trn xc nh bng giao im Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 71
Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
ca hai gch ct nhau. Nu ng knh ca ng trn b hn 12 mm th nt chm gch c thay th bng nt mnh. Thng thng, khi thc hin bn v ta v trc cc ng tm v ng trc
V nt t (ng khut) th hin cc ng bao khut ta dng nt t. Nt t gm nhng nt gch t c cng di t 2..8 mm. Khong cch gia cc gch trong nt t t 1..2 mm v phi thng nht trong cng bn v. Trong cc dng ng c sn ca file ACAD.LIN ta c th chn HIDDEN, HIDDEN2, HIDDENX2... lm ng khut. Nt lin mnh Bao gm cc ng ging, ng kch thc, ng gch gch ca mt ct... Cc ng nt ny l ng CONTINUOUS c chiu rng 1/2...1/3 nt c bn Nt ct Dng v vt ca mt phng ct. y l dng ng CONTINUOUS c chiu di 8..20 mm, b rng nt v t 1.. 1,5 nt c bn
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Cng Bi Ging V.2. Hiu chnh cc tnh cht ca i tng
Mn hc AutoCAD
Cc lnh hiu chnh cc tnh cht ca i tng bao gm: Change, Chprop, Ddchprop, Ddmodify... V.2.1. Thay i lp bng thanh cng c Object Properties - Chn cc i tng ti dng Command: Khi xut hin cc du GRIPS ( vung mu xanh) trn cc i tng c chn - Trn danh sch lp ko xung ta chn tn lp cn thay i cho cc i tng chn. V.2.2. Lnh Change Command line: Change
Select objects: <Chn cc i tng cn thay i tnh cht> Select objects: <Chn tip cc i tng hoc Enter kt thc la chn> Specify change point or [Properties]: P Enter property to change [Color/Elev/LAyer/LType/ltScale/LWeight/ Thickness/PLotstyle]: <Thay i tnh cht no ca i tng>
Cc la chn: Color: Thay i mu ca tt c cc i tng m ta chn Elev: Thay i cao ca i tng (dng trong 3D) Layer: Thay i lp ca cc i tng c chn Ltype: Thay i dng ng ca cc i tng c chn Ltscale: Thay i t l dng ng cho bn v Lweight: Thay i b dy nt v Thickness: Thay i dy ca i tng (dng trong 3D) V.2.3. Lnh Properties Xut hin hp thoi Properties cho php thay i cc tnh cht ca i tng
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Cng Bi Ging V.3. Ghi v hiu chnh vn bn
Mn hc AutoCAD
Cc dng ch trong bn v AutoCAD c th l cc cu, cc t, cc k hiu c trong bng ch ci hoc bng ch s. Cc ch s kch thc l mt trong nhng thnh phn ca kch thc c to nn bi cc lnh ghi kch thc, do khng xem n nh l cc dng ch. Cc dng ch trong bn v dng miu t cc i tng trong bn v, ghi cc yu cu k thut, vt liu... V.3.1. To kiu ch - Lnh Style Khi thc hin lnh Style hoc chn menu Draw/Text Style... xut hin hp thoi Text Style
Ta to Style trn hp thoi theo trnh t sau: - Chn nt New... s xut hin hp thoi New Text Style. Trong son tho Style Name ta nhp tn kiu ch mi v nhn OK - Chn Font ch: Ti Font name ta chn kiu ch dng son tho - Chn chiu cao ch ti mc Height - Cc la chn Upside down (dng ch i xng phng ngang), Backwards (dng ch i xng phng thng ng), Width factor (h s chiu rng ch), Oblique Angle (gc nghing ca ch) - Ta xem kiu ch va to ti Preview Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 74
Cng Bi Ging V.3.2. Nhp on vn bn vo bn v - Lnh Mtext
Mn hc AutoCAD
Lnh Mtext cho php to mt on vn bn c gii hn bi ng bin l khung hnh ch nht. on vn bn l mt i tng ca AutoCAD Command line: Mtext
Specify first corner: <im gc th nht ca on vn bn> Specify opposite corner or [Height/Justify/Line spacing/Rotation/ Style/Width]: <im gc i din hoc l cc la chn cho vn bn> Sau xut hin hp thoi Multiline Text Editor, trn hp thoi ny ta nhp vn bn v nh dng nh cc phn mm vn bn khc Cc trang hp thoi Multiline Text Editor: 1. Trang Character
Font Font Height Stack/Unstack Undo Insert Symbol
Character Format
Text color
Inport Text
- Font: Chn kiu ch - Height: C ch - B, I, U: Cc kiu ch m, nghing, gch chn - Undo: Hu b thao tc va thc hin - Color: Mu ch - Symbol: Chn cc k t c bit - Import text: Cho php ta nhp mt tp tin vn bn vo khung hnh ch nht
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Cng Bi Ging xut hin hp thoi Character Map l bng cc k t c bit Mun chn mt Symbol vo vn bn ta thc hin theo trnh t sau: - Chn Symbol - Nhn phm tri chut (PICK) 2 ln hoc chn nt Select xut hin Edit box Characters to copy - Chn nt Copy sao chp Symbol vo Windows Clipboard - Close hp thoi Character Map 2. Trang Properties
Text Style Justification Character Width
Mn hc AutoCAD
Ta c th chn cc k t c bit ti nt Symbol v nu chn Other... s
Text Rotation
Chn nt Properties ca hp thoi Multiline Text Editor ta c th thay i kiu ch (Style), im canh l (Justification), chiu rng on vn bn (Width), gc nghing ca on vn bn so vi phng ngang (rotation).. 3. Trang Find/Replace Nt chn Find/Replace cho php ta tm kim v thay th cc on trong vn bn...
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Cng Bi Ging 4. Trang Line Spacing
Mn hc AutoCAD
Chn mc Line Spacing dng t khong cch gia cc dng trong on vn bn.
V.3.3. Hiu chnh vn bn V.3.3.1. Kim tra li chnh t - Lnh Spell Lnh Spell dng kim tra li chnh t trong cc dng vn bn (ting Anh) c nhp bng cc lnh Text, Dtext, Mtext. Khi xut hin hp thoi Check Spelling Command line: Spell Select objects: <Chn on Text cn kim tra li chnh t> Select objects: <Tip tc chn hoc nhn Enter kt thc vic la chn> V.3.3.2. Lnh DDedit Lnh DDedit (Dynamic Dialog Edit) cho php thay i ni dung dng Text v nh ngha thuc tnh (Attribute Definition) Command line: Ddedit
Select an annotation object or [Undo]: <Chn dng Text cn thay i ni dung> Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 77
Cng Bi Ging thoi Text Editor cho php hiu chnh ni dung dng Text.
Mn hc AutoCAD
Nu dng Text chn c to bi lnh Text v Dtext s xut hin hp
Nu i tng chn c to bi lnh Mtext th s xut hin hp thoi Multiline Text Editor. Ta hiu chnh v nh dng nh thc hin vi lnh Mtext
Sau khi thay i ni dung dng ch, dng nhc "Select an annotation object or [Undo]:" lin tc xut hin cho php ta chn tip cc i tng khc hiu chnh, mun kt thc lnh ta nhn Enter. V.4. Hnh ct, mt ct v v k hiu vt liu Cc hnh biu din trn bn v gm c hnh chiu, hnh ct v mt ct. Nu ch dng hnh chiu khng thi th cha th hin hnh dng ca mt s chi tit. Do , trong a s cc trng hp ta phi v hnh ct v mt ct. Hnh ct l hnh biu din phn cn li ca vt th sau khi tng tng ct b phn vt th nm gia mt phng ct v ngi quan st. Mt ct l phn vt th nm trn mt phng ct v khng v phn vt th nm sau mt phng ct. Mt ct (Hatch object) l mt i tng ca AutoCAD, do ta c th thc hin cc lnh hiu chnh (Move, Erase, Copy, Array, Mirror, Scale...) i vi cc i tng ny. Tu thuc vo chn nt Explode Hatch mt ct l mt khi lin kt hoc l nhm cc i tng n. v k hiu mt ct ta s dng lnh Hatch hoc Bhatch (Boundary Hatch), hiu chnh mt ct ta dng lnh Hatchedit
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Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
C hai lnh Hatch v Bhatch u v mt ct. Nu s dng lnh Hatch th khi chn vng v mt ct ta chn tng i tng (Select Objects) ca ng bin, nu s dng lnh Bhatch ta ch cn chn mt im (Pick Point) trong ng bin. Thng thng ta s dng lnh Bhatch Nu cc i tng ca mt ct l lin kt (Associative Hatch) th khi ta thay i hnh dng ng bin (khi s dng cc lnh: Stretch, Scale, Move, Ddmodify, Rotate, GRIPS...) th mt ct s sa i cho ph hp vi ng bin mi. V.4.1. V mt ct bng lnh Bhatch Dng lnh Bhatch (Boundary Hatch) ta c th v k hiu vt liu trn mt ct trong mt ng bin kn. Khi thc hin lnh Bhatch xut hin hp thoi Boundary Hatch
1. Chn mu mt ct - Pattern Type La chn ny dng chndng cho cc mu mt ct: Predefied, User - defined hoc Custum Predefined Cho php ta chn cc mu c sn trong tp tin Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 79
Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
ACAD.PAT ca AutoCAD. C hai cch chn cc mu theo Predefined: - Chn tn mu theo danh sch ko xung Pattern (Pull down list) - Chn ngay ti khung hnh nh ca mu mt ct bng cch ko con tr vo ny v nhp phm chn ca chut, tip tc chn s ln lt xut hin cc hnh nh ca mu. - Chn nt Pattern... s xut hin hp thoi Hatch pattern palette v ta chn mu mt ct trn hp thoi ny. Custom Chn mu c to bng file *.PAT. Khi ta nhp tn file *.PAT vo son tho Custom Pattern. Cn nh rng file ny phi nm trong th mc SUPPORT. User-defined Dng chn mu c dng cc on thng song song, khi ta chn khong cch gia cc ng gch (Spacing) v gc nghing ca ng gch cho (Angle) Pattern... Trong hp thoi Boundary Hatch ca lnh Bhatch ta c th chn cc mu mt ct bng cch nhy chut vo mc Swatch. Khi xut hin hp thoi Hatch Pattern Palette Trn hp thoi Hatch Pattern Palette ta c th chn mu mt ct. Khi chn mu no ta ch cn ko con tr vo mu v nhn OK Ch : Trong AutoCAD ta c th chn mu SOLID t en mt vng bin kn. Trnh t thc hin tng t v cc dng mt ct khc. S dng mu mt ct ny v bng (Shadow) 2. Gn cc tnh cht cho mu mt ct - Pattern Properties Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 80
Cng Bi Ging ISO Pen Width
Mn hc AutoCAD
Nu chn cc mu theo ISO th cho php chn chiu rng nt bt khi xut bn v ra giy Scale Gi tr nhp vo son tho ny l gi tr h s t l cho mu mt ct ang chn. Thng thng h s t l ny ph thuc vo gii hn bn v. Gii hn mc nh ca h s t l ny l 1 Angle Gi tr Angle xc nh nghing ca ng ct so vi mu chn. Gi tr mc nh l O Spacing v Double Ch c tc dng khi ta chn User - Defined Pattern ti mc Pattern Type. Spacing l khong cch gia cc ng gch cho ca mt ct, cn khi ta chn Double Hatch s v thm cc ng k hiu mt ct vung gc Pattern Chn cc mu mt ct trong danh sch ko xung Pattern, hnh nh ca mu mt ct c chn s xut hin ti khung nh vng Pattern Type pha trn V mu mt ct c dng ng nt ring, cho nn khi v k hiu mt ct lp hin hnh phi c dng ng Continuous Sau khi chn xong mu mt ct ta chn t l v gc nghing ca cc ng mt ct. 3. Xc nh vng v mt ct - Boundary xc nh vng v k hiu mt ct ta s dng mt trong hai cch: Pick Point hoc Select Objects, hoc kt hp hai cch trn Pick Point < Xc nh mt ng bin kn bng cch chn mt im nm trong. Nn chn im gn vi ng bin kn cn d tm. Dng nhc ph
Select internal point: <Chn mt im bn trong ng bin kn> Selecting everything visible... Analyzing the selected data... Analyzing internal islands...
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Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
Select internal point: <Tip tc chn mt im bn trong ng bin kn hoc nhn Enter kt thc vic chn>
Select Objects < Chn ng bin kn bng cch chn cc i tng bao quanh Remove Islands Sau khi chn xong ng bin kn v cc vng bn trong (islands), nu ta mun tr i cc vng bn trong ng bin kn th ta chn nt ny. Khi xut hin dng nhc sau: Select island to remove: <Chn Island cn tr> Select island to remove: <Chn Island cn tr hoc Enter kt thc vic la chn> View Selection Xem cc ng bin chn di dng cc khut Advanced Options... Lm xut hin hp thoi Advanced Options 4. Atribute Exploded Hatch Mt ct trong mi ln thc hin v l mt khi. Nu ta mun cc ng mt ct ny b ph v thnh cc i tng n th ta chn vo ny. Hoc sau khi thc hin xong vic v mt ct ta dng lnh Explode ph v chng ra thnh cc i tng n Associative Cc ng ct lin kt nu ta chn nt ny. Khi ta thc hin cc lnh: Scale, Stretch... vi cc ng bin th din tch vng ghi k hiu mt ct s thay i theo. 5. Cc nt chn khc Inherit Properties Ta c th chn cc mu k hiu mt ct theo my sn c trn bn v. Khi xut hin dng nhc: Select associative hatch object: <Chn mu mt ct sn c trn bn v> Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 82
Cng Bi Ging Preview Hatch <
Mn hc AutoCAD
Xem trc mt ct c v, tuy nhin ch xem c khi xc nh mu mt ct v vng cn v mt ct OK Thc hin lnh v k hiu mt ct. y l bc cui cng ca lnh Bhatch 6. Hp thoi Advanced Define Boundary Set Xc nh ng bao t tt c cc ng ta thy trn mn hnh hay t mt tp hp cc ng chn trc. Island Detection Style: Chn kiu v mt ct: Nornal, Outer, Ignone
V.4.2. Trnh t v mt ct bng lnh Bhatch - To hnh ct bng cc lnh: Line, Circlem Arc, Pline, Trim... Nu mun c dng ch (Text) trong hnh ct th ghi dng ch vo - Thc hin lnh Bhatch. Hp thoi Boundary Hatch xut hin - Chn Pattern Type m ta s dng. Chn mu mt ct cn thit trn danh sch ko xung Pattern hoc chn nt Pattern... xut hin hp thoi Hatch pattern pallete - Xc nh t l (Scale) v gc quay (Angle) - Xc nh vng cn v k hiu mt ct bng mt trong hai phng php sau: Pick Point v Select Objects - Xem trc mt ct bng nt chn Preview, hiu chnh nu cn thit - Kt thc lnh Bhatch bng nt chn OK. Mt ct c to trn vng chn v c lin kt Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 83
Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
- Nu mun v mt ct cho nhiu vng vi cng mt k hiu ta chn nhiu vng khc nhau bng nt chn Pick Point. Mun chn mu mt ct c sn trong bn v ta s dng nt Inherit Properties - V cc nt ct bng lnh Pline - Mun hiu chnh mt ct ta dng lnh Hatchedit... Nu ng bin v mt ct thay i bng cc lnh: Stretch, Scale, Move, DDmodify, Rotate, Grips... th mt ct s sa i cho ph hp vi ng bin mi V.4.3. Hiu chnh mt ct - Lnh Hatchedit Lnh Hatchedit cho php ta hiu chnh cc mt ct lin kt (to bng lnh Bhatch) cho cc kch thc lin kt trong bn v Command: Hatchedit
Khi thc hin lnh Hatchedit s xut hin hp thoi Hatch Edit tng t hp thoi Boundary Hatch. Ta sa cha mt ct theo cc nt chn ca hp thoi ny
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Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
Chng VI: Ghi kch thc
VI.1. Ghi kch thc i tng VI.1.1. Cc thnh phn kch thc Mt kch thc c ghi bt k bao gm cc thnh phn ch yu sau y:
First extension line (ng ging th nht) P1 Arrow (Mi tn) Dimension line (ng kch thc) P2
Second extension line (ng ging th hai)
Dimension text (Ch s kch thc)
Dimension line (ng kch thc) ng kch thc c gii hn bi hai u mi tn (gch cho hoc mt k hiu bt k). Nu l kch thc thng th n cng phng vi on thng ghi kch thc, nu l kch thc gc th n l mt cung trn c tm l nh gc. Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 85
Cng Bi Ging Extension line (ng ging)
Mn hc AutoCAD
Thng thng ng ging l cc ng thng vung gc vi i tng c ghi kch thc. Kch thc thng c hai ng ging Dimension Text (Ch s kch thc) Ch s kch thc l ln ca i tng c ghi kch thc. Trong ch s kch thc c th ghi dung sai (Tolerance), ghi tin t (Prefix), hu t (Suffix) ca kch thc. Chiu cao ch s kch thc trong bn v k thut l cc gi tr tiu chun Arrowheads (Mi tn, gch cho) K hiu hai u ca ng kch thc, thng thng l mi tn, du nghing, chm... hay mt khi bt k do ta to nn. i vi kch thc bn knh v ng knh ch c 3 thnh phn: ng kch thc, mi tn (gch cho) v ch s kch thc. Khi ta xem ng trn hoc cung trn l cc ng ging. VI.1.2. Cc khi nim c bn khi ghi kch thc Dimension Variables (Cc bin kch thc) Cc bin kch thc iu khin vic ghi kch thc. Nh cc bin ny ta c th c rt nhiu kiu ghi kch thc (Dimension styles) khc nhau. Nh vo cc bin kch thc ta c th ghi kch thc theo ng TCVN Dimension Styles (Cc kiu kch thc) S kt hp cc bin kch thc cho ta nhiu kiu kch thc khc nhau. AutoCAD cho php ta nh ngha cc kiu ghi kch thc vi cc tn khc nhau. Trong bn v ta c th thit lp nhiu kiu ghi kch thc khc nhau, khi cn ta ch cn gi kiu kch thc m khng cn phi thay i tng tn bin Associate dimension (Cc kch thc lin kt) Khi cc kch thc lin kt th tt c cc i tng ca kch thc lin kt thnh mt khi duy nht, iu ny to iu kin thun li cho vic ghi v hiu chnh kch thc. Ta c th dng lnh Explode ph v kch thc lin kt thnh cc i tng n
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Cng Bi Ging VI.1.3. Trnh t ghi kch thc 1. To kiu kch thc theo TCVN 2. S dng cc lnh ghi cc kch thc
Mn hc AutoCAD
3. Sau khi ghi kch thc, nu kch thc xut hin khng ph hp ta c th thay i cc bin kch thc v sau ti dng nhc Dim: (S dng lnh DIM) ta dng lnh con UP (Update), hoc lnh Dimstyle vi la chn Apply hoc lnh Dimoverride cp nht cc bin va thay i cho cc kch thc ghi 4. Khi cn thit ta c th hiu chnh cc thnh phn kch thc bng cc lnh: Dimtedit, Dimedit... VI.1.4. Cc nhm lnh ghi kch thc Cc lnh ghi kch thc trong AutoCAD nm trong thc n ko xung Dimension Cc nt lnh nm trong thanh cng c Dimension
Linear Dimension Aligned Dimension Ordinate Dimension Radius Dimension Diameter Dimension Angular Dimension Quick Dimension Baseline Dimension Continue Dimension Quick Leader Tolerance Center Mark Dimension Edit
- DIMLINEAR - DIMALIGNED - DIMORDINATE - DIMRADIUS - DIMDIAMETER - DIMANGULAR - QDIM - DIMBASELINE - DIMCONTINUE - QLEADER - TOLERANCE - DIMCENTER - DIMEDIT Trang 87
Cng Bi Ging Dimension Text Edit Dimension Update Dimension Style - DIMTEDIT - DIMSTYLE APPLY - DIMSTYLE
Mn hc AutoCAD
Dimension Style
1. Nhm cc lnh ghi kch thc Cc lnh ghi kch thc trong AutoCAD chia lm cc nhm: Kch thc thng (Linear dimension) gm cc lnh: - Lnh DIMLINEAR ng (Vertical) v quay (Rotated) - Lnh DIMALIGNED cn ghi - Lnh DIMBASELINE thc sn c - Lnh DIMCONTINUE thc sn c Kch thc hng tm bao gm - Lnh DIMRADIUS - Lnh DIMDIAMETER - Lnh DIMCENTER Kch thc gc - Lnh DIMANGULAR Ghi kch thc gc. Ghi kch thc bn knh Ghi kch thc bn knh V ng tm Kch thc ngang (Horizontal), thng
ng kch thc song song kch thc
Ghi chui kch thc song song vi kch
Ghi chui kch thc ni tip vi kch
Ta c th s dng lnh Dimbaseline v Dimcontinue ghi chui kch thc song song v ni tip vi mt kch thc gc c sn To im - Lnh DIMORDINATE Ghi dung sai hnh dng v v tr - Lnh TOLERANCE Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 88
Cng Bi Ging Ghi kch thc theo ng dn - Lnh QLEADER
Mn hc AutoCAD
2. Nhm cc lnh hiu chnh kch thc Cc lnh hiu chnh kch thc bao gm: - Hiu chnh v tr, gi tr, gc quay ch s - Lnh DIMEDIT kch thc v nghing ng ging - Lnh DIMTEDIT thc - Thay i v tr v phng ca ch s kch
Ngoi ra ta cn c th hiu chnh kch thc bng GRIPS. Cp nht cc bin kch thc bng lnh DIMSTYLE APPLY VI.1.5. Ghi kch thc thng 1. Lnh Dimlinear , DIMSTYLE
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Cng Bi Ging 2. Lnh DIMALIGNED
Mn hc AutoCAD
VI.1.6. Ghi kch thc hng tm (Bn knh, ng knh) ghi kch thc ng knh ng trn (Circle) hoc cung (Arc) c gc tm ln hn 1800 dng lnh Dimdiameter, ghi kch thc bn knh cung trn c gc tm nh hn 1800 ta s dng lnh Dimradius. 1. Lnh DIMDIAMETER
2. Lnh DIMRADIUS
3. Lnh DIMCENTER
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Cng Bi Ging VI.1.7. Ghi kch thc gc - Lnh DIMANGULAR
Mn hc AutoCAD
VI.1.8. Ghi chui kch thc 1. Ghi chui kch thc song song - Lnh DIMBASELINE
2. Ghi chui kch thc ni tip - Lnh DIMCONTINUE
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Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
VI.1.9. Ghi dung sai hnh dng v v tr - Lnh TOLERANCE
VI.1.10. Ghi kch thc theo ng dn - Lnh LEADER
VI.1.11. Ghi ta mt im - Lnh DIMORDINATE
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Cng Bi Ging VI.1.12. Hiu chnh ch s kch thc 1. Lnh DIMEDIT
Mn hc AutoCAD
Hiu chnh v tr, gi tr, gc quay ch s kch thc v nghing ng ging

Command line: Dimedit Enter type of dimension editing [Home/New/Rotate/Oblique] <Home>:
Cc la chn: - Home: a ch s kch thc tr v v tr ban u khi ghi kch thc

Select objects: <Chn ch s kch thc>
- New: Thay i ch s kch thc cho kch thc ghi
- Rotate:
- OBLique: nghing cc ng ging so vi ng kch thc
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Cng Bi Ging 2. Lnh DIMTEDIT Thay i v tr v phng ca ch s kch thc
Mn hc AutoCAD
Command line: Dimtedit Select dimension: <Chn kch thc cn hiu chnh> Specify new location for dimension text or [Left/Right/Center/Home/Angle]:
Cc la chn: - Left: Kch thc c di chuyn sang tri
- Right: Kch thc c di chuyn sang phi
- Home: Kch thc v tr ban u khi ghi kch thc
- Angle: Quay ch s kch thc
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Cng Bi Ging VI.2. Kiu kch thc v cc bin kch thc
Mn hc AutoCAD
S kt hp cc bin kch thc (Dimension variables) cho ta nhiu kiu kch thc (Dimstyles) khc nhau. AutoCAD cho php ta nh ngha cc kiu ghi kch thc vi cc tn khc nhau. Trong mt bn v ta c th thit lp nhiu kiu ghi kch thc, khi cn ta ch cn gi kiu ghi kch thc m khng cn phi thay i tng tn bin. to cc kiu kch thc ta s dng phng php sau: - S dng lnh Ddim lm xut hin hp thoi Dimension Style Manager. Ti hp thoi ny ta t cc gi tr cho cc kiu kch thc - Nhp tn cc bin kch thc (Dimvariables) ti dng Command: sau s dng lnh Dimstyle ghi (Save) thnh cc kiu kch thc. VI.2.1. To kiu kch thc bng lnh Ddim thay i cc kch thc v to cc kch thc ta dng Ddim, khi thc hin s Style Manager Cc nt chn: - Set Current: La chn kiu kch thc (Dimension style) t danh sch bn tri. Tn ca kiu kch thc s l hin hnh cho cc ln ghi kch thc sau . Ngoi ra mt kiu kch thc s tr thnh hin hnh trong cc trng hp sau: + To kiu kch thc mi + Hiu chnh kiu kch thc bng cch thay i cc bin v sau ghi li bng nt chn Save + i tn kiu kch thc - New: nh ngha 1 kiu kch thc mi - Modify: Hiu chnh kiu kch thc ang c chn Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 95 bin kiu lnh xut
hin hp thoi Dimension
Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
- Override: Thay i gi tr mt s bin kch thc cho cc kch thc ghi m khng thay i cc bin cn li theo kiu kch thc hin hnh. VI.2.2. Gn cc bin kch thc bng hp thoi Ta c th thay i cc bin kch thc bng cch chn nt Modify trong hp thoi Dimension Style Manager 1. Hp thoi Lines and Arrows t cc bin lin quan n ng kch thc, mi tn v ng ging
Dimension Lines: Hiu chnh cc bin lin quan n ng kch thc - Color: Mu ng kch thc - Lineweight: B dy ng kch thc - Baseline spacing: Khong cch gia cc ng kch thc song song - Extend beyond ticks: Khong ng kch thc nh ra khi ng ging - Suppress - Dim Line 1: B qua ng kch thc th nht - Suppress - Dim Line 2: B qua ng kch thc th hai Extension Lines: Hiu chnh cc bin lin quan n ng ging Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 96
Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
- Extend beyond ticks: Khong ng ging nh ra khi ng kch thc - Suppress - Dim Line 1: B qua ng ging th nht - Suppress - Dim Line 2: B qua ng ging th hai - Offset from Orgin: Khong cch t gc ng ging n u ng ging - Color: Mu ca ng ging
Arrowheads: Hiu chnh cc bin lin quan n mi tn - Chn cc dng mi tn khc nhau cho hai u ng kch thc (1st v 2nd) - Arrow size: ln mi tn Center Marks for Circles: Du tm v ng tm - Type: Chn kiu ng tm Mark: nh du tm Line: ng tm None: Khng nh du tm - Size: Kch c ng tm 2. Hp thoi Text Text Appearance: Gm cc bin dng hiu chnh kiu ch (Text Style), chiu cao (Text Height) v mu (Text Color) ca ch s kch thc - Text Style: Kiu ch ca ch s kch thc c chn t danh sch. Cc kiu ch ny c to bng lnh Style - Text Height: Chiu cao ch s kch thc - Text Color: Mu ca ch s kch thc Text Placement: Xc nh v tr ca ch s kch thc so vi ng kch thc
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Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
- Vertical: Xc nh v tr ch s kch thc theo phng thng ng so vi ng kch thc - Horizontal: Xc nh v tr ch s kch thc theo phng ngang so vi ng kch thc - Offset from dim line: Khong cch gia ch s kch thc v ng kch thc
Text Alignment: Xc nh ch s kch thc nm theo phng ngang hoc song song vi ng kch thc
3. Hp thoi Fit nh v tr ca mi tn v ch s kch thc so vi hai ng ging khi khong cch gia cc ng ging tng i nh
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Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
4. Hp thoi Primary Units Xc nh n v cho ch s kch thc Linear Dimenssion: Xc nh n v di cho ng kch thc - Prefix, Suffix: nh tin t v hu t cho ch s kch thc - Unit format: nh dng n v di cho kch thc - Precision: Xc nh s cc s thp phn sau du chm Angular Dimension: Xc nh n v gc cho ng kch thc - Unit format: nh dng n v gc cho kch thc - Precision: Xc nh s cc s thp phn sau du chm Measurment Scale: H s t l khi ghi kch thc. Dng ghi kch thc tht cho bn v v ghi kch thc cho bn v c nhiu t l khc nhau.
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Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
5. Hp thoi Alternate Units Display alternate units: Cho php chn h thng thay i n v - Unit format: nh dng n v cho h thng thay i n v - Precision: Xc nh s cc s thp phn sau du chm - Prefix, Suffix: nh tin t v hu t cho h thng thay i n v
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Cng Bi Ging 6. Hp thoi Tolerances nh dng cc bin lin quan n dung sai
Mn hc AutoCAD
- Method: Chn cc phng php ghi dung sai theo danh sch chn - Precision: Xc nh s cc s thp phn sau du chm - Upper Value/Lower Value: Sai lnh trn v di - Vertical position: im canh l ca ch s dung sai - Scaling for height: T s gia ch s dung sai v ch s kch thc
VI.2.3. Thit lp cc kiu kch thc theo TCVN trong bn v mu 1. Thit lp kiu kch thc theo TCVN trong bn v xy dng, kin trc
2. Thit lp kiu kch thc theo TCVN trong bn v c kh
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Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
Chng VII: Cc lnh v v hiu chnh nng cao
VII.1. Cc lnh v v to hnh VII.1.1. V ng thng - Lnh Xline Lnh Xline dng to ng dng hnh, l ng thng khng c im u v im cui. Xline khng b nh hng khi nh gii hn bn v, khi thu phng hnh. Nu dng lnh Trim hoc Break xn mt u th Xline tr thnh Ray, khi xn hai u tr thnh Line Command line: Xline
Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: <Cc la chn to Xline> Specify through point: <Chn im th hai Xline>
Cc la chn: Specify point: La chn mc nh dng xc nh im th nht m Xline s i qua. Sau chn tip im th hai m Xline i qua tip ti dng nhc Specify through point: Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 102
Cng Bi Ging
Hor: To Xline nm ngang
Mn hc AutoCAD
Ver: To Xline thng ng Ang: Nhp gc nghing to Xline Bisect: To Xline i qua phn gic ca mt gc xc nh bi ba im. im u tin ta xc nh nh ca gc, hai im sau xc nh gc Offset: To Xline song song vi mt ng c sn
VII.1.2. V na ng thng - Lnh Ray Lnh Ray dng v na ng thng. Ray tng t nh lnh Xline nhng c gii hn ti mt u Command line: Ray
Specify start point: <im bt u ca Ray> Specify through point: <im xc nh hng ca lnh Ray.> Specify through point: <Tip tc to lnh Ray hoc nhn Enter kt thc>
VII.1.3. V hnh vnh khn - Lnh Donut S dng lnh Donut v a tuyn kn c chiu rng v c hai phn on l hai cung trn . Khi ph v bng lnh Explode th Donut tr thnh hai cung trn Command line: Donut
Specify inside diameter of donut <current>: <Nhp gi tr ng knh trong, bng ng knh cung tr chiu rng a tuyn> Specify outside diameter of donut <current>: <Nhp gi tr ng knh ngoi, bng ng knh cung tr chiu rng a tuyn> Specify center of donut or <exit>: <Nhp to tm Donut. Nhn Enter kt thc lnh >
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Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
Lnh Fill Hnh Donut c t mu hay khng tu thuc vo trng thi ON hoc OFF ca lnh Fill Command line: Fill
Enter mode [ON/OFF] <current>: Nhp ON hoc OFF
VII.1.4. V on thng c chiu rng - Lnh Trace Lnh Trace v on thng c chiu rng nh trc Command line: Trace
Specify trace width <current>: <Nhp chiu rng on thng> Specify start point: <Nhp to im bt u> Specify next point: <Nhp to im cui on thng> Specify next point: <Tip tc nhp to im hoc nhn Enter kt thc lnh>
VII.1.5. V min c t - Lnh Solid to mt min c t ta s dng lnh Solid. Lnh ny hon ton khc vi lnh 3D Solid. Mi 2D Solid c ba hoc 4 cnh. Nhiu hnh 2D Solid to thnh mt hnh phc Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 104
Cng Bi Ging Command line: Solid
Mn hc AutoCAD
Specify first point: <Chn im th nht> Specify second point: <Chn im th hai> Specify third point: <Chn im th ba> Specify fourth point or <exit>: <Chn im th t>
VII.1.6. V cc ng song song - Lnh Mline, Mlstyle, Mledit VII.1.6.1. V ng thng song song - Lnh Mline Lnh Mline dng v cc ng thng song song, mi ng song song c gi l thnh phn (element) ca ng Milne. Ti a ta to c 16 thnh phn (16 elements) Command line: Mline Current settings: Justification = current, Scale = current, Style = current Specify start point or [Justification/Scale/STyle]: Cc la chn: - Specify start point: La chn mc nh, xc nh im u tin ca lnh Mline. Sau xc nh cc nh ca Mline
Specify next point: <Xc nh im k tip> Specify next point or [Undo]: <Xc nh im k tip hoc U hu b phn on va v>
Nu ta to Mline c s phn on nhiu hn 2 th s xut hin dng nhc bao gm cc la chn Close Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: <Xc nh im hoc s dng cc la chn>
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Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
- Justification: Xc nh v tr ng Mline bng ng tm (Zezo), ng trn (Top - ng nm bn tri ng tm), ng di (Bottom - ng nm bn phi ng tm)
- Scale: t t l cho khong cch gia cc thnh phn bin ng Mline. Ph thuc vo kiu ng Mline ta nhp cc gi tr khc nhau - Style: Nhp tn kiu ng Mline hoc nhp ? hin ln danh sch cc kiu ng Mline Trnh t v Mline: 1. Nhp lnh Mline hoc hoc chn 2. Ti dng nhc lnh nhp ST chn kiu (Style) ng Mline 3. Nhp tn kiu ng Mline hoc nhp ? xut hin danh sch cc kiu ng Mline 4. canh l ng Mline ta nhp J v chn Top, Zezo hoc Bottom 5. thay i t l Mline ta nhp S v nhp vo gi tr t l mi 6. Ch nh im u tin Mline 7. Ch nh im th hai 8. Ch nh im th ba 9. Ch nh im th t, th nm.. hoc nhp C ng ng Mline hoc nhp Enter kt thc lnh VII.1.6.2. To kiu ng Mline bng lnh Mlstyle Trc khi thc hin lnh Mline to ng Mline ta phi to cc kiu Mline bng lnh Mlstyle. nh kiu Mline l xc nh s cc thnh phn (elements) ng Mline, khong cch gia cc thnh phn, gn dng ng v mu cho cc thnh phn, cc on u, cui v cc mi ni cc thnh phn... Command line: Mlstyle Trang 106
Cng Bi Ging Khi xut hin hp thoi Multiline Styles Cc la chn trn hp thoi Multiline Styles 1. Multiline Style Dng ghi kiu Mline, gi mt kiu Mline tr thnh hin hnh, to mi, i tn kiu Mline... Current: Tn kiu Mline hin hnh Name, Add, Rename: Dng to kiu Mline mi hoc i tn kiu Mline. u tin ta nhp tn kiu Mline vo son tho Name, sau nhn nt Add hoc Rename Description: son tho dng m t kiu Mline.
Mn hc AutoCAD
Save..: Ghi mt kiu Mline thnh File v kiu ny tr thnh hin hnh Load...: Ti mt kiu file Mline c phn m rng *.MLN vo bn v hin hnh 2. Element Properties... Khi chn nt ny s xut hin hp thoi Element Properties. Hp thoi ny dng nh ngha cc thnh phn ca mt kiu Mline Mi thnh phn c nh ngha bi khong cch so vi ng tm. Ta c th gn mu v dng ng cho mi thnh phn ca Mline bng cc hp thoi khi chn nt Color... v Linetype... - Nt Add dng nhp thm mt thnh phn cho Mline - Nt Delete dng xo mt thnh phn ca Mline - Offset dng nhp khong cch so vi ng tm ca mt thnh phn Mline 3. Multiline Properties...
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Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
Lm xut hin hp thoi Multiline Properties. Hp thoi ny xc nh cch th hin cc im u, im cui v cc cnh ni cc phn on ca Mline
VII.1.6.3. Hiu chnh Mline bng lnh Mledit Lnh Mledit dng hiu chnh ng Mline. C 12 phng php khc nhau hiu chnh ng Mline. Cc phng php ny c chia lm 4 nhm: Giao im (Crosses), ni ch T (Tees), gc (Corners) v ct (Cuts). Ta ch c th hiu chnh Mline (Opened Mline) Command line: Mledit
Xut hin hp thoi Multiline Edit Tools, ta chn 1 trong 12 phng php hiu chnh bng cch chn vo hnh v v nhn nt OK 1. Crosses C ba phng php hiu chnh trong nhm Crosses: Closed cross, Open cross, Merged cross
- Closed cross To ng giao kiu Closed cross gia hai Mline Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 108
Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
- Open cross To giao dng Open cross gia hai ng Mline. AutoCAD ct xn tt c cc thnh phn ca Mline th nht v ch cc xn cc thnh phn ngoi cng ca Mline th hai
- Merged cross To giao dng Merged cross gia hai Mline
2. Tees Hiu chnh cc Mline giao nhau thnh dng ch T. Thc hin theo trnh t tng t Crosses - Closed tee To giao dng Closed tee (ch T) gia hai ng Mline. AutoCAD xn (Trim) hoc ko di (Extend) Mline th nht n giao vi Mline th hai. Trnh t thc hin tng t Closed cross
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Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
- Open tee To giao dng Open tee gia hai ng Mline. AutoCAD xn (trim) hoc ko di (extend) ng Mline th nht n giao vi ng Mline th hai
- Merged tee To giao dng Merged tee gia hai ng Mline
3. Corners To ni gc gia hai Mline c chn. AutoCAD xn (trim) hoc ko di (extend) cc ng Mline n giao im gia chng
4. Add Vertex Thm mt nh mi vo Mline Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 110
Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
5. Delete vertex Xo mt nh ca Mline
6. Cut - Cut single
- Cut All
- Wed All
Cho php ct tng element ca Mline (cut single), ct tt c element ca Mline (cut all) hoc ni cc on ct (wed all)
VII.1.7. To mt min Region v cc php ton i s Boole VII.1.7.1. To min bng lnh Region Lnh Region dng chuyn mt i tng (l mt hnh kn) hoc nhm cc i tng (c cc nh trng nhau) thnh mt i tng duy nht gi l Region (min). Region c cc tnh cht c bit nh: - Ta c th kt hp vi Region n l bng cc php ton i s Boole (Lnh Union, Subtract v Intersect) to thnh Region a hp Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c Trang 111
Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
- Region coi nh l i tng mt phng. Mt phng ny c xc nh bicc cnh v khng c cnh no tn ti trong chu vi ca Region. Region c th s dng khi to m hnh mt Region c to bi tp hp cc i tng (Line, arc, circle, pline, spline, polygon, rectang, boundary...) to thnh mt hnh kn. Nu Region c to thnh t nhiu i tng th chng phi c cc im cui (endpoint) trng nhau (khng c khe h hoc chng ln nhau). Mi nh ca Region l im cui ch ca hai cnh, khng chp nhn tt c giao im (khng l im cui) v cc ng cong t giao nhau. Command line: Region
Select objects:<Chn i tng l mt hnh kn hoc i tng n> Select objects:<Tip tc chn i tng hoc Enter kt thc> VII.1.7.2. Cc php ton i s Boole i vi Region to cc hnh dng 2D ta c th dng cc php ton i s Boole i vi Region. u tin ta thc hin lnh Region chuyn cc i tng 2D thnh Region v sau thc hin cc php ton Boole nh: Union, Subtract, Intersect 1. Cng cc Region - Lnh Union Lnh Union dng cng cc Region thnh Region a hp. Command line: Union
Select objects: <Chn Region> Select objects: <Tip tc chn Region hoc Enter thc hin lnh>
2. Tr cc Region - Lnh Subtract
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Cng Bi Ging
Mn hc AutoCAD
Lnh Subtract dng tr cc Region thnh cc Region a hp. Ph thuc vo trnh t chn i tng tr v b tr m ta thu c cc Region a hp khc nhau Command line: Subtract
Select solids and regions to subtract from... Select objects: <Chn Region b tr> Select solids and regions to subtract... Select objects: <Chn Region tr v nhn Enter kt thc lnh>
3. Giao cc Region - Lnh Intersect Lnh Intersect dng to cc Region a hp bng phng php giao cc Region Command line: Intersect
Select objects: <Chn cc Region v Enter thc hin lnh>
VII.2. Cc lnh hiu chnh i tng nng cao
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Gio trnh Thit k AutoCAD
Chng VIII: Lm quen vi AutoCAD 3D
I. C s to v quan st m hnh 3d I.1. Gii thiu cc m hnh 3D Bn v 2D l tp hp ca cc on thng v ng cong (ng trn, cung trn, elip..) nm trong mt phng XY. Trong bn v 3D ta thm vo trc Z. M hnh 3D bao gm: + M hnh 2 1 2 chiu + M hnh khung dy Wireframe + M hnh mt Surfaces + M hnh khi rn Solids a. M hnh 2 1 2 chiu M hnh 2 1 2 chiu c to theo nguyn tc ko cc i tng 2D theo trc Z thnh cc mt 2 1 2 chiu. Gio vin: Nguyn Minh c Khoa CNTT 114
Gio trnh Thit k AutoCAD b. M hnh khung dy M hnh khung dy bao gm cc cnh (edge cn gi l ng sn hay ng bin) l cc on thng hoc cong. Cc mt khng c to nn v ch c cc ng bin. M hnh ny ch c kch thc nhng khng c th tch (nh mt), hoc khi lng (nh khi rn). Ton b cc i tng ca m hnh u c nhn thy.
c. M hnh mt M hnh mt biu din i tng tt hn m hnh khung dy v cc cnh ca m hnh to thnh cc mt (face). M hnh mt ca hp ch nht ging nh mt hp rng, c cc cnh v cc mt nhng bn trong th rng. M hnh mt c th tch nhng khng c khi lng. M hnh dng ny c th che cc ng khut v t bng.
d. M hnh khi rn M hnh khi rn l m hnh biu din vt th ba chiu hon chnh nht. M hnh ny bao gm cc cnh, mt v cc c im bn trong. Dng cc lnh ct khi rn ta c th nhn thy ton b bn trong m hnh. M hnh dng ny c th tnh th tch v tnh cc c tnh v khi lng. M hnh dng khi a hp (Complex Solids) l s kt hp cc khi c s (Boxes, Cylinders, Wedges, Spheres...) bng cc php ton i s Boole (cng, tr, giao khi). 115
Gio vin: Nguyn Minh c Khoa CNTT
M hnh 3D dng mt v Solids c th che cc mt khut bng lnh Hide v t bng bng lnh Render hoc Shade I.2. Cc phng php nhp to mt im trong khng gian ba chiu Trong bn v 3D nhp to X, Y v Z. Hng trc Z vung gc vi mt phng XY v tun theo qui tc bn tay phi (ngn ci trc X, ngn tr trc Y v ngn gia trc Z) Biu tng xut hin ti gc di pha tri mn hnh ho gi l User Coordinate System Icon. Trn biu tng ny ta ch thy trc X v Y, cn trc Z vung gc vi mt phng XY ti gc ta nhp to mt im vo bn v ba chiu ta c 5 phng php sau y:
116
Gio trnh Thit k AutoCAD + Trc tip dng phm chn (PICK) ca chut (kt hp vi cc phng thc truy im ca i tng). + To tuyt i to (0,0). X,Y,Z: Nhp to tuyt i ca im so vi gc
+ To tng i @X,Y,Z: Nhp to ca im so vi im c xc nh cui cng nht. + Ta tr tng i @disk<angle, Z: Nhp vo khong cch (disk), gc (angle) trong mt phng XY so vi trc X v cao Z so vi im c xc nh cui cng nht trong bn v + To cu tng i @disk<angle1<angle2: Nhp vo khong cch (disk), gc (angle1) trong mt phng XY v gc (angle2) hp vi mt phng XY so vi im c xc nh cui cng nht trong bn v. I.3. im nhn m hnh 3D Lnh VPOINT Lnh Vpoint dng xc nh im nhn n m hnh 3D (php chiu song song). im nhn ch xc nh hng nhn, cn khong cch nhn khng nh hng n s quan st. Tu vo im nhn m biu tng UCSicon xut hin trn mn hnh s khc nhau. Command: Vpoint
Rotate / <View point> <Ta im nhn X,Y,Z hin hnh>: Nhp to cc im nhn. Cc la chn: + To X,Y,Z (Vector): Nhp ta ca im nhn
To 0,0,1 0,-1,0 1,0,0
Hnh chiu bng (Top) Hnh chiu ng (Front) Hnh chiu cnh (Side) 117
Gio trnh Thit k AutoCAD 1,-1,1 Hnh chiu trc o u (SE Isometric - hng ng nam)
-1,-1,1 Hnh chiu trc o u (SW Isometric - hng Ty nam) 1,1,1 -1,1,1 2,-2,1 1,-2,3 Hnh chiu trc o u (NE Isometric - hng ng bc) Hnh chiu trc o u (NW Isometric - hng Ty bc) Dimetric Trimetric
+ Rotate: Xc nh v tr im nhn bng cc gc quay
Enter angle in XY plane from X axis <Gi tr gc hin hnh>: Gc im nhn so vi trc X trong mt phng XY Enter angle from XY plane <Gi tr gc hin hnh>: Gc ca im nhn so vi mt phng XY + Compass and Axis Tripod Khi ta vo lnh Vpoint v nhn Enter () 2 ln (hoc chn View/3D Viewport/Tripod) th xut hin h trc to ng trn mn hnh. Ph thuc vo v tr con chy trn hai ng trn ng tm ta thy cc trc X, Y, Z di chuyn v ta c cc im nhn khc nhau. Tm ca 2 ng trn l cc bc (+Z), ng trn nh l xch o (mt phng XY), ng trn ln l cc nam (-Z).
118
Gio trnh Thit k AutoCAD I.4. To cc khung nhn tnh Lnh Vports Lnh Vports dng phn chia mn hnh thnh nhiu khung nhn, cc khung nhn ny c kch thc c nh nn cn gi l khung nhn tnh. (TILEMODE = 1 Lnh Vports thc hin) Command: Vports Save/Restore/Delete/Join/SIngle/?/2/<3>/4: La chn hoc nhn Enter () Ti a trn mn hnh c 16 khung nhn. Trong cc khung nhn c to ch c 1 khung nhn hin hnh. Ta thc hin cc lnh ACAD trong khung nhn hin hnh. Mun cho khung nhn no l hin hnh ta a mi tn vo khung nhn v nhn phm chn, khi trn khung ny s xut hin hai si tc v con chy. Khung nhn hin hnh c vin m hn cc khung nhn khc. Cc la chn: + Save: Ghi cu hnh khung nhn vi mt tn + Restore: Gi li tn mt cu hnh ghi + Delete: Xo mt cu hnh ghi + Join: Kt hp khung nhn hin hnh vi mt khung nhn khc vi iu kin l 2 khung to thnh mt hnh ch nht
+ Single: Chuyn khung nhn hin hnh l khung nhn duy nht trn mn hnh. + ? : Lit k cc cu hnh khung nhn t tn + 2: Chia khung nhn hin hnh thnh 2 khung nhn nh hn + 3: Chia khung nhn hin hnh thnh 3 khung nhn nh hn + 4: Chia khung nhn hin hnh thnh 4 khung nhn nh hn
119
Ta c th to cc khung nhn t hp thoi Tiled Viewports Layout (chn View/Tiled Viewports/Layout) cho php ta chn cc dng cu hnh khung nhn khc nhau.
Kt hp gia 2 lnh Vpoint v Vports ta c th quan st m hnh vi cc im nhn khc nhau. Tuy nhin khi in ch in c hnh nh trn khung nhn hin hnh. Mun in ton b cc hnh chiu ta phi to khung nhn ng (Floating Viewports Lnh Mview).
120
Gio trnh Thit k AutoCAD I.5. Quan st hnh chiu bng Lnh PLAN Khi thc hin lnh Plan s hin ln hnh chiu bng theo im nhn (0,0,1) cc i tng ca bn v theo mt h to m ta nh ngha. Command: Plan <Current Ucs> / Ucs / World: Chn h trc to cn th hin hnh chiu bng Cc la chn: + Current UCS: H to hin hnh + UCS: + WCS: H to ghi trong bn v H to gc
I.6. Che cc nt khut Lnh HIDE Lnh Hide dng che cc nt khut ca cc m hnh 3D dng mt hoc khi rn Command: Hide
121
Gio trnh Thit k AutoCAD I.7. Lnh UCSicon Lnh UCSicon iu khin s hin th ca biu tng to . Nu biu tng trng vi gc to ti im (0,0,0) th trn biu tng xut hin du +. Command: Ucsicon ON/OFF/All/Noorigin/ORigin <>: Nhp cc la chn Cc la chn: + ON/OFF: M/Tt biu tng to trn mn hnh v khung nhn + All: Th hin biu tng to trn mi khung nhn mn hnh + Noorigin: Biu tng to ch xut hin gc tri mn hnh + Origin: Biu tng lun di chuyn theo gc to (im 0,0,0 ca UCS)
I.8. To h to mi Lnh UCS Lnh UCS cho php ta lp h to mi. To h to mi c ngha l thay i v tr gc to (0,0,0), hng mt phng XY v trc Z. Ta c th to UCS mi ti bt k v tr trong khng gian bn v, nh ngha, ghi v gi li h to khi cn thit. To nhp vo bn v tu thuc vo UCS hin hnh. Nu ta chia mn hnh thnh nhiu khung nhn tnh (Vports) th chng c cng mt UCS. Commad: UCS 122
Gio trnh Thit k AutoCAD Origin/ ZAxis/ 3point/ OBject/ Restore/Save/Del/?/ <World>: Nhp cc la chn Cc la chn: + Origin: To UCS mi bng cch thay i gc to , phng chiu cc trc X,Y,Z khng thay i Origin point <0,0,0>: V tr mi ca gc to View/ X/Y/Z/ Prev/
+ Zaxis: Xc nh gc ca h to (Orgin) v phng ca trc Z (Zaxis), mt phng XY vung gc trc ny. Khi chn Z dng nhc: Origin point <0,0,0>: Chn gc to mi Point on positive portion of Z-axis <current>: Xc nh phng trc Z
+ 3point: H trc to mi xc nh qua 3 im Origin point <0,0,0>: Chn gc to mi Point on positive portion of the X-axis <current>: Xc nh phng trc X Point on positive-Y portion of the UCS XY plane <current>: Xc nh phng trc Y
123
+ View: H to mi s song song vi mn hnh c im gc trng vi im gc h to hin hnh
+ X/Y/Z: Quay h trc to xung quanh cc trc X (Y,Z) hin hnh. Chiu dng ca gc quay theo chiu ngc kim ng h vi im nhn t u trc v hng gc ta . Rotation angle about X(Y,Z) axis <0>: Gc quay chung quanh trc X (Y,Z). Gi tr quay nhp bng s hoc chn 2 im
+ Object: a h to trng vi h to quy c ca i tng c chn Select object to align UCS: Chn i tng
124
Gio trnh Thit k AutoCAD Arc: tm ca cung s tr thnh gc to , trc X i qua im u ca cung gn vi im chn i tng nht Circle: Tm ng trn tr thnh gc to . Trc X i qua im chn i tng Dimension: im gia ca ch s kch thc tr thnh gc to . Trc X s song song vi trc X ca WCS v c chiu trng vi chiu m ta ghi kch thc. Line: im cui gn vi im chn on thng l tm ca UCS mi. AutoCAD s chn trc X sao cho on thng ta chn nm trong mt phng XZ ca h to mi. Point: Tm im s tr thnh gc to ca UCS mi. 2D Polyline: im u tin ca a tuyn s l gc to ca UCS mi. Trc X nm theo hng n im th hai ca a tuyn. 2D Solid: im u tin ca 2D Solid l gc to ca UCS mi. Trc X nm theo hng ca ng thng i qua hai im u tin ca Solid Trace: im u tin ca Trace (from point) s l gc to ca UCS mi. Trc X nm dc theo ng tm ca Trace 3D Face: Gc to ca UCS mi l im u tin ca 3D Face. Trc X nm dc theo hai im u tin ca 3D Face. Trc Y i qua im u tin v im th t. Trc Z xc nh theo quy tc bn tay phi. Shape, Text, Block...: im chn s l gc to mi. II. M hnh 3D dng khung dy v mt 2 1 2 chiu. II.1. M hnh dng khung dy (Wireframe) Lnh Line, 3Dpoly, Spline, Pedit, Trim M hnh dng khung dy (Wireframe) l m hnh ch c cc cnh. Cc lnh to m hnh 3D khung dy l Line, 3Dpoly, Spline, Arc, Circle. Lnh Line v trong 3D tng t nh lnh Line v trong mt phng hai chiu, nhng ta thm vo cao (trc Z) Cc cnh ca m hnh khung dy c th l cnh thng hoc cnh cong Cc cnh v nh ca m hnh khung dy phi tha mn cc iu kin sau: Gio vin: Nguyn Minh c Khoa CNTT 125
Gio trnh Thit k AutoCAD + Mi nh c mt ta duy nht + Mi nh c ni vi t nht 3 cnh + Mi cnh ch c 2 nh + Mi mt c t nht 3 cnh v to thnh mt vng kn
a. a tuyn 3D Lnh 3Dpoly Lnh 3Dpoly to cc a tuyn 3 chiu bao gm cc phn on l cc on thng Command: 3Dpoly
From point: im u tin ca a tuyn Close / Undo / <Endpoint of line>: Nhp im cui ca mt phn on Close / Undo / <Endpoint of line>: Nhp im cui hoc kt thc La chn: + Close: ng a tuyn bi cc ng thng ni im u v im cui a tuyn + Undo: Xo mt phn on v v
126
b. V ng cong Spline S dng lnh Spline v cc ng cong trong khng gian. Command: Spline Object / <Enter first point>: Chn im u ca ng cong .....
V d ta v mt vng ng xon c chung quanh gc ta bng cch nhp to tr Command: Spline Object / <Enter first point>: 50,0 Enter point: 50<30,5
Close/Fit Tolerance/<Enter point>: 50<60,10 Close/Fit Tolerance/<Enter point>: 50<90,15
Close/Fit Tolerance/<Enter point>: 50<120,20 ... Close/Fit Tolerance/<Enter point>: 50<360,60 Close/Fit Tolerance/<Enter point>: Enter start tangent: Enter start tangent:

127
c. Hiu chnh a tuyn 3D Lnh Pedit hiu chnh cc a tuyn 3D ta dng lnh Pedit Command: Pedit Select polyline: Chn a tuyn 3D cn hiu chnh Close/Join/Width/Edit vertex/Fit/ Spline/Decurve/Ltype gen/Undo/eXit <X>: Cc la chn: + Close (Open): ng mt a tuyn h hoc m mt a tuyn kn + Spline curve: Chuyn a tuyn ang chn thnh mt ng Spline + Decurve: Chuyn cc phn on ca ng Spline, pline thnh cc on thng. II.2. Ko cc i tng 2D thnh mt 3D Elevation, Thickness Elevation: nh cao. Thickness: nh dy - l khong cch nh ra khi cao . Ta c th ko cc i tng 2D (Line, Arc, Circle, Pline...) theo trc Z thnh mt 3D (m hnh dng ny gi l 2 1 2 chiu) Cc thut ng: + Elevation: Gi l cao , l cao cc i tng 2D so vi mt phng XY v UCS hin hnh. + Thickness: Gi l dy (nu gi tr nh) hoc chiu cao ko cc i tng 2D theo trc Z. Thng thng ta gn cao v dy theo cc cch sau: Gio vin: Nguyn Minh c Khoa CNTT 128
Gio trnh Thit k AutoCAD + nh bin ELEVATION v THICKNESS trc (bng lnh Elev) sau v cc i tng 2D + Sau khi v cc i tng 2D xong (lnh Line, Arc, Circle.....) ta s dng cc lnh hiu chnh (Change, Ddchprop, Chprop, Ddmodify) hiu chnh dy (THICKNESS) v lnh Move, Change chnh m hnh theo cao (ELEVATION) Cc i tng c th ko thnh mt 3D gm c: Line, Arc, Circle, Donut, Pline, 2Dsolid, Pline c chiu rng... + Hnh a gic ko thnh cc mt 3D h hai u + ng trn, Donut ko to ra cc mt kn + Pline c chiu rng (Width) v 2D Solid ko thnh mt kn Khi gi tr bin ELEVATION khc 0 th mt phng lm vic s nm song song vi mt phng XY v cch mt phng ny mt khong bng gi tr ca bin ELEVATION.
V d: V m hnh chic bn
129
III. 3Dface v cc mt 3D chun III.1. Mt phng 3D Lnh 3DFACE Lnh 3Dface to cc mt 3D c bn hoc ba cnh. Mi mt c to bi lnh 3Dface l mt i tng n, ta khng th thc hin lnh Explode ph v cc i tng ny. Command: 3DFACE First point: Chn im th nht ca mt phng (1) Second point: Chn im th hai ca mt phng (2) Third point: Chn im th ba ca mt phng (3) Gio vin: Nguyn Minh c Khoa CNTT 130
Gio trnh Thit k AutoCAD Fourth point: Chn im th t ca mt phng (4) Nhn Enter to mt phng tam gic Third point: Chn tip im th ba mt phng k tip hoc Enter Fourth point: Chn tip hoc Enter kt thc lnh
khng xut hin mt cnh ca mt phng trc khi to cnh ti dng nhc ta nhp I (invisible) v t bin SPLFRAME = 0. lm xut hin cc cnh ca mt phng b che khut ta t bin SPLFRAME = 1 v thc hin lnh Regen. III.2. Che hoc hin cc cnh ca 3Dface Lnh Edge Lnh Edge dng che hoc hin cc cnh ca 3Dface Command: Edge Display/<Select Edge>: Chn cc cnh cn che Cc la chn: + Select Edge: Chn cc cnh cn che, dng nhc ny s xut hin lin tc cho php ta chn nhiu cnh khc nhau. Khi kt thc lnh nhn Enter. + Display: Lm hin ln cc cnh c che khut
131
III.3. Cc i tng mt 3D Lnh 3D (3D Objects) Cc i tng mt 3D (3D c s) c to theo nguyn tc to cc khung dy v dng lnh 3Dface to cc mt tam gic v t gic. Khi ph v cc m hnh dng ny bng lnh Explode ta thu c cc mt 3, 4 cnh v cc ng thng ring bit. Do vi cc mt ny ta c th dng cc phng thc truy bt im i vi cc on thng ca cc mt nh: MIDpoint, INTersection, ENDpoint... Cc mt 3D chun c th to t cc lnh Revsurf v Tabsurf C 9 i tng chun mt 3D: + Box: + Cone: Mt hp ch nht Mt nn
+ Pyramid: Mt a din + Sphere: + Torus: Mt cu Mt xuyn
thc hin to cc i tng 3D ta c th gi hp thoi 3D Objects bng lnh 3D hoc cc lnh: AI_Box, AI_Cone, AI_Dome, AI_Dish, AI_Shpere, AI_Pyramid, AI_Torus, AI_Wedge Command: 3D La
[Box/Cone/DIsh/DOme/Mesh/Pyramid/Sphere/Torus/Wedge]: chn v cc mt 3D chun
132
a. Mt hp ch nht Box Lnh AI_Box La chn Box trong lnh 3D hoc lnh AI_Box dng to cc mt hnh hp ch nht. Command: AI_Box Corner og box: Chn im gc tri pha di ca hp Length: Chiu di ca hp Khong cch theo trc X Cube/<Width>: Chiu rng theo trc Y Chn Cube to hnh hp ch nht vung Height: Chiu cao ca hp theo trc Z Rotation angle about Zaxis: Gc quay so vi trc song song vi trc Z v i qua im Corner of box.
b. Mt nn Cone Lnh AI_Cone
133
Gio trnh Thit k AutoCAD La chn Cone hoc dng lnh AI_Cone dng to mt nn, nn ct v mt tr trn. Command: AI_Cone Base center point: Tm ca vng trn y hnh nn Diameter/<Radius> of base: Bn knh vng trn y Diameter/<Radius> of top: Bn knh vng nh mt nn ct: Gi tr ny = 0 th ta c mt nn. Bng bn knh vng trn y th ta c mt tr trn. Height: Chiu cao hnh nn Number of Segments<16>: S cc ng chy ni hai mt nh v y.
c. Mt na cu di DIsh Lnh AI_Dish La chn Dish hoc lnh AI_Dish dng to mt na cu di. Command: AI_Dish
Center of dish: Tm ca mt cu Diameter / <radius>: Bn knh hoc ng knh mt cu Number of longitudinal segments <16>: Cho s ng knh tuyn Number of latitudinal segments <8>: S cc ng v tuyn
d. Mt na cu trn Dome Lnh AI_Dome La chn Dome hoc lnh AI_Dome dng to mt na cu trn Command: AI_Dish 134
Gio trnh Thit k AutoCAD Center of dish: Tm ca mt cu Diameter / <radius>: Bn knh hoc ng knh mt cu Number of longitudinal segments <16>: Cho s ng knh tuyn Number of latitudinal segments <8>: S cc ng v tuyn
e. Mt li Mesh Lnh AI_Mesh La chn Mesh hoc dng lnh AI_Mesh dng to mt li 3 chiu. Cn xc nh 4 nh v cho mt M, N ca li (M, N nm trong khong 2256) Command: AI_Mesh First corner: Chn im gc ca li (1) Second corner: Chn im gc th hai ca li (2) Third corner: Chn im gc th ba ca li (3) Fourth corner: Chn im gc th bn ca li (4) Mesh M size: S mc li theo cnh (1)(2) t 2 n 256 Mesh N size: S mc li theo cnh (1)(4) t 2 n 256
f. Hnh a din Pyramid Lnh AI_Pyramid La chn Pyramid hoc lnh AI_Pyramid dng to mt a din (mt l cc mt phng tam gic hoc t gic) Gio vin: Nguyn Minh c Khoa CNTT 135
Gio trnh Thit k AutoCAD Command: AI_Pyramid
First base point: im th nht ca y (1) Second base point: im th hai ca y (2) Third base point: im th ba ca y (3) Tetrahedron / <Fourth base point>: Chn im th t ca y (4) hoc chn Tetrahedron th y l mt phng tam gic Ridge/Top/<Apex point>: Nhp ta nh a din Ridge: nh l mt cnh First ridge point: im th nht ca cnh Second ridge point: im th hai ca cnh Top: nh l mt tam gic hoc t gic First top point: im th nht ca mt nh Second top point: im th hai ca mt nh Third top point: im th ba ca mt nh Fourth top point: im th t ca mt nh
g. Mt cu Sphere Lnh AI_Sphere La chn Sphere hoc lnh AI_Sphere dng to mt cu Command: AI_Sphere Center of sphere: Chn tm ca mt cu (1) Diameter / <radius>: Bn knh mt cu hoc ng knh Gio vin: Nguyn Minh c Khoa CNTT 136
Gio trnh Thit k AutoCAD Number of longitudinal segments <16>: Cho s ng knh tuyn Number of latitudinal segments <8>: S cc ng v tuyn
h. Mt xuyn Torus Lnh AI_Torus La chn Torus hoc lnh AI_Torus dng to mt hnh xuyn Command: AI_Torus
Center of torus: Tm ca mt xuyn (1) Diameter / <radius> of torus: Bn knh hoc ng knh vng xuyn ngoi Diameter / <radius> of tube: Bn knh hoc ng knh vng xuyn trong Segment around tube circumference <16>: S cc phn on trn mt ng Segment around torus circumference <16>: S cc phn on trn mt ng
i. Mt hnh nm Wedge Lnh AI_Wedge La chn Wedge hoc lnh AI_Wedge dng to mt hnh nm Command: AI_Wedge Corner of wedge: Ta im gc mt y hnh nm (1) Length: Chiu di hnh nm theo trc X Width: Chiu rng hnh nm theo trc Y Height: Chiu cao hnh nm theo trc Z Gio vin: Nguyn Minh c Khoa CNTT 137
Gio trnh Thit k AutoCAD Rotation angle about Z axis: Gc quay chung quanh trc song song vi trc Z v trc ny i qua im Corner of wedge
138

Giao Trinh Autocad - 1

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Giao Trinh Autocad - 1

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Cng Bi Ging

Mc lc ...................................................................................................................................... 1 Chng I: Tng quan v Autocad ............................................................................................ 5

I.2. Ci t v khi ng AutoCad ..................................................................................................6

I.3. Nhp lnh v d liu...................................................................................................................7

I.4. Cc lnh thit lp ban u. ......................................................................................................12

Chng II: Cc lnh v c bn ............................................................................................... 17

Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c

III.2. Gn ch truy bt im thng tr (Lnh Osnap, Ddosnap).........................................35

Chng IV: Cc lnh hiu chnh - V nhanh ....................................................................... 36

IV.3. Cc lnh hiu chnh i tng ..............................................................................................41

IV.4. Cc lnh v nhanh i tng.................................................................................................53

Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c

Chng V: Qun l cc i tng trong bn v..................................................................... 65

V.2. Hiu chnh cc tnh cht ca i tng .................................................................................73

V.3. Ghi v hiu chnh vn bn......................................................................................................74

V.4. Hnh ct, mt ct v v k hiu vt liu.................................................................................78

Chng VI: Ghi kch thc..................................................................................................... 85

VI.2. Kiu kch thc v cc bin kch thc................................................................................95

Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c

Chng VII: Cc lnh v v hiu chnh nng cao .............................................................. 102

VII.2. Cc lnh hiu chnh i tng nng cao...........................................................................113

Chng VIII: Lm quen vi AutoCAD 3D .......................................................................... 114

II. M hnh 3D dng khung dy v mt 2 1 2 chiu...................................................................125

III. 3Dface v cc mt 3D chun..................................................................................................130

Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c

Chng I: Tng quan v autocad

Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c

Cng Bi Ging I.1.2. Cc th h AutoCAD

Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c

Cng Bi Ging I.2.4. Mn hnh giao din AutoCAD

Thanh cng c (ToolBar)

Con tr to (CrossHair) Vng bn v (Drawing) Gc to (UCSicon)

Thanh trng thi (Stastus Bar)

Thanh cun (Scroll Bar)

Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c

Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c

Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c

Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c

Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c

Cng Bi Ging Lnh Quit - Thot khi AutoCAD.

Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c

Chng II: Cc lnh v c bn

Cng Bi Ging Lnh Xline c cc la chn sau: Command: Xline, XL

V ng trn bng phng php nhp tm (Center) v bn knh R

Angle / Length of chord / <End point>: (Nhp to im cui - 3)

+ Center, Start, Angle (Tm, im u, gc tm)

+ Center, Start, Length (Tm, im u v chiu di dy cung)

Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c

Cng Bi Ging II.9. V hnh a gic u Lnh POLYGON

Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c

Chng III: Cc phng php nhp im chnh xc

OBJECT SNAP (OSNAP)

Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c

Cng Bi Ging III.1.3. INTersection:

Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c

Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c

Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c

Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c

III.1.14. Cc v d s dng cc phng thc truy bt im

Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c

Khoa CNTT - B mn Mng my tnh - GV: Nguyn Minh c

Chng IV: Cc lnh hiu chnh - V nhanh

From selection set Remove entiry