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Thng tin di ng- Phn 1

tng h thng Radio di ng da trn h thng Cell do hng Bell Laboratories gii thiu vo u nm 1970 .

1. Gii thiu

tng h thng Radio di ng da trn h thng Cell do hng Bell Laboratories gii thiu vo u nm 1970 . Trong mi nm sau h thng ny vn cha c thng mu ho cho mi ngi s dng . u nm 1980 , h thng in thoi cellular tng t c pht trin mnh m chu u . H thng in thoi di ng ny s dng tn s di 800MHz ( 806 ti 902 MHz ) v di tn s 1.9GHz ( 1850 ti 1900MHz ) . Di tn s 1.9GHz c s dng trongcc dch v ca my vi tnh , nhng nhiu h thng Cellular li dng nhng tn s ny nh l nhng dch v m thanh .

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u tin th h th nht ca h thng di ng , 1G , l tn hiu tng t v hot ng vi di tn s 800 MHz . Cui cng m rng vi di tn 1.8GHz v mt phn Bc M dng di tn 1.9GHz . Th h ca h thng di ng th 2 , 2G , xut hin vo 10 nm sau cng vi di ng s u tin , mng chuyn mch s . H thng ny cung cp cht lng m thanh tt hn , dung lng cao hn , tiu th nng lng t hn v c kh nng chuyn vng tt hn (global roaming) . Chng hot ng vi di tn s 800MHz v ca nhng dch v PC .

H thng di ng dng 03 k thut khc nhau chia x ph tn s Radio ( gia 30KHz ti 300 GHz ) n trn dy tn s m thanh nghe c v di tn s nh sng c th nhn thy . ## FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access - Truy cp phn chia theo tn s

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## TDMA - Time Division Multiple Access - Truy cp phn chia theo thi gian

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## CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access - Truy cp phn chia theo m

Trong k thut TDMA v CDMA l thng tr . Trong s pht trin mnh m th gp phi mt vn chun ho , mi mt cng ty li pht trin theo chun ring ca h . Trong khi xem xt n kha cnh v th trng v nhng thit b c s dng trong khu vc v gii quyt v chun ho , hi ngh v truyn thng v bu in Chu u (CEPT) thit lp GSM ( Global System for Mobile Communications ) . GSM c gii thiu ln u tin vo nm 1991 l tiu chun u tin cho in thoi di ng s c dng cho n nay . GSM thc hin di tn s 400MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz v 1900MHz. http://www.tuvantinhoc1088.com

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2. GSM
Mng GSM c chia thnh 04 phn chnh :

Mobile Station : trm Mobile lin kt vi thu bao Base Station Subsystem : iu khin nhng lin kt Radio vi Mobile Station . Network v Switching Subsystem : thnh phn chnh c nhng dch v Mobile v Trung tm chuyn mch (Switching Center) thc hin kt ni nhng cuc gi gia Mobile v thit b c nh hoc Mobile ca ngi s dng , mc ch ca phn ny theo di v qun l cc cuc gi . Operation v Support Subsystem : phn ny thit lp v gim st ton mng .

Hip hi vin thng quc t (ITU - International Telecommunication Union) qu l nhng thnh vin lin quan ca ph Radio quy nh di tn 890-915 MHz cho Uplink ( ni gia Mobile Station vi Base Station ) v di tn s 935-960 MHz cho Downlink ( lin kt Base Station vi Mobile Station ) cho h thng mng di ng trong Chu u . Nhng di tn s trn c s dng t trc cho h thng tng t t trc v CEPT phi rnh ring 10MHz u tin ca mi bng tn cho mng GSM ang cn pht trin . Do di ph Radio l hn ch trong khi s thit b GSM c s lng v cng ln nn phi phn chia gii thng ny mt cch hp l . Phng php la chn GSM l s kt hp ca FDMA v TDMA . FDMA chia tn s ca bng thng 25MHz thnh 124 tn s sng mang v mi sng mn c di thng 200MHz . Mi mt Base Station c th c mt hoc nhiu tn s sng mang . Trong TDMA mi mt sng mang c phn chia theo thi gian thnh 08 khe thi gian . Mi mt khe thi gian c s dng truyn t Mobile v mt khe khc c dng nhn . Do chng phn chia thi gian nn nhng thit b Mobile khng nhn v truyn cng mt thi gian . http://www.tuvantinhoc1088.com

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Khi s dng cng ngh GSM , mi thit b GSM phi c SIM Card (Subscriber Identity Module Card) duy nht . SIM Card l mt Chip nh do nh cung cp dch v GSM pht hnh . Nhng SIM ny bao gm nhng thng tin ch yu nh : s in thoi v tt c nhng s in thoi c th c lu tr trn SIM . iu ny cho php ngi s dng d dng thay i thit b GSM bng chc rt SIM Card v cm n vo mt thit b khc . Dng h thng Phone GSM cng vi my tnh xch tay v PC Card cung cp gii php Plugand-Play truyn thng . D liu v Fax c tc 9600bps v SMS (Short Message Service) cho php ngi dng thit b Mobile c th d dng kt ni khi chuyn vng trong t nc ca h .

Mt iu chng ta nn nh kh nng truyn d liu khng phi l t ng , nh cung cp dch v GSM phi b sung chc nng ny cho Mobil ca ngi s dng em li s thun tin cho n . Th h th hai ca GSM xut hin vo cui nm 1999 , lc ny tn hiu ging ni v d liu ch chim mt khe thi gian . Theo l thuyt c nhiu khe thi gian kt hp th c th c tc cao hn . HSCSD (High Speed Circuit Switched Data) n l phn m rng ca chun GSM cho php ngi s dng kt hp 08 khe thi gian nn tc t c l 76.8 KBit/s. Vo nm 1993 , hip nh v kt ni lin vng ( roaming ) c k kt cho php ngi s dng c th truy cp mng GSM nc ngoi . Fax , data v SMS c roaming ln u tin gii thiu vo nm 1995 . SMS u tin c dng hin th Voice Mail ang ch , v sau n cho php gi tin nhn ti 160 k t . Vo cui nhng nm 1999 hu ht l mng di ng 700 GSM hn 100 nc t : Chu u , Chu M , Chu , Chu Phi , Chu c . Thm na l h thng v tinh GSM roaming m rng ti nhng vng m h thng mt t khng ph ti c . Trong khi s bng n v ng dng nh : Internet , TV ... nn mng GSM phi nng cp thm mt giao thc na gi l GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) GPRS : nng cp cho GSM v da trn nhn TDMA truyn d liu theo kiu gi n c tc t c t 21 n 100 Kbit/s.

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3. GPRS - General Packet Radio Service

GPRS c gii thiu nh l mt bc trung gian truyn d liu tc cao ln h thng mng hin thi bng cu trc mng khng dy GSM ( Global System for Mobile Communications - H thng thng tin di ng ton cu ) . GSM c gii thiu ln u tin vo nm 1991 , n l chun Mobile s ln nht c dng n ngy nay , thc hin vi bng tn 400MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz v 1900MHz . GPRS v kiu gi d liu t dch v ca GSM v mng TDMA . N c thc hin trn ton th gii v cng l nhng bc u tin hng ti chun 3G .

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GPRS cung cp ngi s dng Mobile tc truyn d liu nhanh hn v c bit thch hp i vi Internet v Intranet . N lm cho d liu di ng nhanh hn , r hn v cng thn thin hn i vi ngi s dng . Cng vi GPRS nhng thit b di ng h tr GPRS , ngi s dng c th thng xuyn dng Internet d dng , V d : Email dn ngay tc thi . N cng cho php ngi dng nhn nhng cuc gi lin tc trong khi gi v nhn d liu . GPRS c th kt ni IP im vi im m c th dng kt ni kt hp vi mng LAN , nhng nh cung cp dch v Internet (ISP) km theo nhng dch v LAN cng vi giao din TCP/IP v X.25 . GPRS cng a ngay lp tc thit lp kt ni v cho php thay i ca d liu truyn trong sut thi gian kt ni . Cng ngh gi d liu , GPRS ch dng mng ngun v gii thng khi d liu c thc s truyn . iu ny v cng ph hp khi dng gii thng Radio c sn . N h tr tc truyn d liu t 14.4Kbps khi dng 01 khe thi gian ca TDMA v ln ti 115Kbps khi dng tt c 08 knh thi gian .

GPRS c th thc hin rt n gin bng cch thm nhng nt gi d liu mi trong mng GSM/TDMA v nng cp nhng nt c sn cung cp nhng ng dn cho gi d liu gia thit b u cui di ng v nt cng ra vo ( Gateway Node ) . Gateway Node cung cp nhng mng d liu gi m rg m lin quan vi nhau truy cp vo mng Internet v Intranet . Gia nm 2000 v nm 2002 , nng cp GSM , GPRS v mng TDMA ang tn ti l mt phng n m cho php tc ca mt khe thi gian ln ti 38.4Kbit/s i vi HSCSD v 60 Kbit/s i vi GPRS , n cho php tc t c 384Kbit/s bng cch kt hp nhiu khe thi gian vi nhau . HSCSD () n l s pht trin ca d liu chuyn mch bn trong mi trng GSM , n cho php truyn d liu ln lin kt GSM vi tc 57.6 Kbit/s . iu ny t c l do dng nhng khe thi gian lin tip ca GSM , m trong mi khe h tr 14.4Kbit/s nn dng ti 04 khe thi gian GSM truyn HSCSD .

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c bit n nh l vic nng cp qu trnh truyn d liu (Enhanced Data) cho vic pht trin GSM l EDGE ( Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution) - n l cng ngh m cho php GSM v TDMA tng t nh kh nng t c ti dch v cho 3G . Vic nng cp trn l vic tng tc truyn d liu trn chun GSM v hot ng trn mng 2G ang c sn , v i khi ngi ta cn gi EDGE l dch v 2.5G. GPRS l tng cho dch v WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) - WAP l giao thc m cho php nhng dch v Internet gi ti nhng thit b di ng c mn hnh hin th nh , ng dng i km trong nhng thit b cho php WEP truy cp ni dung Web nh l mt MicroBrowser . WAP ln GPRS mang li gi r cho khch hng v nh cung cp dch v di ng , bi v sng Radio GPRS ch cn thit khi truyn thng tin . i vi ngi s dng iu c ngha l h ch phi tr tin trongqu trnh Download . WAP v GPRS hin nay ang pht trin rng ri trong thit b di ng , cho cc nh cung cp dch v , trong mi trng x nghip .

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Thng tin di ng - Phn 2 Mc ch ca dch v th h 3G (Third Generation) l cung cp cho ngi s dng nhiu ng dng hn , vi tc cao hn v vi hy vng tng thch vi ton th gii .

4. 3G

Mc ch ca dch v th h 3G (Third Generation) l cung cp cho ngi s dng nhiu ng dng hn , vi tc cao hn v vi hy vng tng thch vi ton th gii . Nhng ha h i vi ph tn s sng Radio mi l nguyn nhn nhng ngi cung cp Telecomm trn th gii tr gi rt cao cho giy php s dng 3G . Trong khi h thng Cellular rt ng c i vi di tn s 800MHz v 900Mhz v di tn 1800MHz v 1900Mhz cng ng khng km , th nhiu h thng 3G s hot ng tn s 2000MHz . Vi tn s ny hon ton khng lin quan ti nhng tn s tn ti trc , n ha hn em li nhiu nhng ng dng v em li nhng gi tr mi hn nhng th h trc . Chu u c h thng in thoi di ng th gii UMTS ( Universal Mobile Telephone System) cng vi WCDMA la chn cho giao thc i vi h thng 3G . WCDMA ( Wideband Code Division Multiple Access ) - Truy cp phn chia theo m bng rng , k thut ny cho php dng ph sng Radio vi hiu qu cao v h tr truyn d liu ln ti 2Mbit/s cho php truy cp vi ng Voice , Video v dch v d liu cng mt lc .

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S dng Packet-switching , UMTS s cung cp tc truyn d liu 384Kbit/s cho nhng ngi s dng thit b di ng tc cao ( nh t , tu ho ...) v vi tc truyn d liu cao hn 2Mbit/s i vi ngi dng thit b di ng tc thp ( vn phng , khu vc ngoi ... ) . Nh vy nhng dch v yu cu tc cao c th khng dn u cho mi ni . V d : s ch c mt s vng yu cu cao nh trung tm thnh ph . Bn ngoi vng ny ngi s dng Mobile s dng nhng dch v da trn th h 2.5G . Nht bn l nc i u trong nghin cu , pht trin v trin khai nhng cng ngh th nghim cho h thng 3G v h cng tp trung vo WCDMA nh l cng ngh truy cp . N cng ng vai tr quan trng trong qu trnh a ra mt chun ton cu duy nht v kt hp hi ho ca WCDMA cng vi sut ca ETSI ( European Telecommunications Standards Institute ) vi UTRA ( UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network - n l tn ca mng Radio WCDMA trong UMTS) Hin tng tng tc s lng thu bao Nht bn ( hn 40 triu thu bao n gia nm 2000 ) i km vi nhng vn m ch c h thng 3G mi gii quyt c l cung cp c hi cho nhng dch v mi cng vi tc truyn d liu cao . Khng nh mt phn th gii hin nay ang s dng GSM vi h thng 2G , th h thng PDC ca Nht ( Personal Digital Cellular : n l chun ca Nht cho in thoi di ng s dng di sng 800MHz v 1500MHz ) khng c k hoch lin kt kt ni vi 3G . cng chnh l nguyn nhn Nht Bn mong mun tr thnh nc u tin gii thiu cng ngh 3G . ARIB (Association of Radio Industry Businesses) thc hin nhng chc nng tng ng thc hin MT Chu u .

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Ti khu vc Bc M , cng nh Chu u , s cung cp phn nng cp h thng 2G bo m s u t ca h trong h thng ang cn tn ti v chng cng c u t rt nhiu . C 03 s cnh tranh trong h thng 2G c s dng rng ri v mi trong s c mt phn chuyn sang 3G . IS-136 l chun da trn TDMA v IS-95 da trn CDMA c hai u c s dng trong di PCS ( Personal Communications Services - dch v in thoi di ng ca M dng tn s 1900 MHz ) - v PCS1900 l bt u ca GSM . Mng chun IS-95 s c nng cp thnh CDMA2000 m tng t nh chun WCDMA .

Trong giao thc WCDMA , mi cuc gi hoc truyn d liu s c chia thnh nhng gi d liu v c truyn i cng vi nhau , nh l trong mng my tnh . Nhng gi bao gm m nhn dng cho php chuyn ti ng mng cn nhn cui cng . Mt vn chnh ca CDMA l c ng thi nhiu ngi ang trao i thong tin ti mt Base Station v chng s b hn ch cng sut my pht . WCDMA v CDMA2000 s c thit k qun l qu trnh ny . Chu u , UMTS thc hin WCDMA hot ng theo 02 kiu , mi kiu mang theo 5MHz .

Kiu u tin dng cp bng sng , mt cho Uplink v mt cho Downlink . N cht sng mang 5MHz thnh nhng cp dng FDD (frequency duplex division) Kiu th hai cht sng mang 5MHz thnh nhiu khe thi gian mang c d liu Uplink v Downlink v dng TDD (time duplex division) .

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5.WAP -Wireless Application Protocol

iu ch yu truy cp mng t thit b Mobile khng dy chnh l WAP , n l giao thc cho ng dng khng dy . WAP l chun ton cu v khng b iu khin bi bt k mt cng ty no . Ericsson, Nokia, Motorola, v Unwired Planet thnh lp mt din n WAP vo nm 1997 cng vi mc ch a ra mt c tnh k thut ng dng rng ri trong cng nghip cho pht trin ng dng ln mng thng tin khng dy . Kt qu ca n c m rng , nhng tnh nng ton cu cho php ngi s dng Mobile cng vi thit b khng dy d dng truy cp v tc ng qua li vi thng tin v nhng dch v tc thi . Cng vic ca n hon ton khng dy - bao gm CDMA , GSM , TDMA , v ngay lp tc c ng dng cho Mobilephone , Smartphone , PDA ,.... WAP kt hp cht ch vi nhau v cng m rng lin quan n nhng giao thc d liu khng dy . Phone.com thit lp Version ca chun HTML c thit k cho truyn thng tin qua mng Mobile . Thit b u cui khng dy kt hp cng vi Micro-Browser HDML (Handheld Device Markup Language) v HDTP (Handheld Device Transport Protocol) ca Phone.com sau ni vi u cui ca Internet hoc Intranet m c cha nhng thng tin c yu cu . Cng ngh ny c kt hp WAP , v c i tn m lin quan ti nhng t vit tt ca WAP. WAP cng nh ngha mi trng ng dng khng dy WAE (wireless application environment) cho php nhng nh sn xut v pht trin ni dung cng vi nhng dch v pht trin khc nhau v nhng ng dng nh : Minibrowser , Email , tin nhn .... Mt thc tin chnh trong thit b WAP l chng trnh duyt Web (microbrowser) cho php truy cp ti bt k Website m h tr WAP . Ngn ng WML (wireless markup language) ca WAP dng chun XML c ng dng rng ri ang c s dng trong cc Website . WML c thit k ti u d liu vn bn Internet gi ti mng di ng bng thong hp v ti nhng mn hnh di ng c kch thc nh . N c tnh nng c bit h tr vic iu khin bng mt tay m khng c bn phm .

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WAP cng c th hin th 02 dng vn bn trn mn hnh ho nh ca Smartphone ... N cng h tr WMLScript , tng t nh JavaScript nhng c thit k cho nhng yu cu t hn i vi h thng nh b nh t , tc CPU . N khng nh WML s cung cp h tr c im nh : mu sc , m thanh v Video . Ngi s dng dung in thoi tch hp vi WAP s c chng trnh duyt Web dng WML . Yu cu ny s qua WAP Gateway , sau ly ra nhng thng tin t my ch Internet trong kiu HTML hoc tng ng gi ti thit b u cui khng dy dng WML . Nu ni dung ly ra l kiu HTML , b lc trong WAP Gateway s c gng dch sang thnh WML . Nhng thng tin yu cu s c gi t WAP Gateway ti WAP Client .

6. Bluetooth
Bluetooth l tn ca mt ng vua ca an mch vo th k th 10 . Bluetooth l c im k thut cho gii php kt ni my tnh di ng , in thoi di ng v nhng thit b cm tay khc v kt ni Internet vi hy vng lm cuc cch mng trao i thng tin vi cc thit b cm tay bng kt ni khng dy . u tin c pht trin bi 3Com, Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Lucent, Motorola, Nokia ,Toshiba v hn 1300 cng ty khc . Microsoft quyt nh gia nhp nhm ny vo nm 1999.

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Bluetooth thun li hn tn hiu hng ngoi ch n khng cn tn hiu i thng . N ra i vi hy vng c gi thnh sn xut xung thp thay th hon ton tn hiu hng ngoi . Bluetooth hot ng tn s 2.4GHz v ha hn em li gii php khng dy chung . Bn cht n l mt kiu cng ngh sng cao tn m c dng nh chung ca khng dy v ca Gara ng m t ng . N tc ng n cng ngh mng LAN khng dy da trn IEEE 802.11 . Mt c im khc ca n l tiu th t nng lng nhng hn ch ca n l c li hot ng 10m v tc t c gn 1Mbit/s Bluetooth khng th thay th c nhng kt ni c dy vi tc cao nh USB , IEEE1394 nhng cng ngh ca n li n gin . Cng ngh ca n lm vic nh mt in thoi ko di c b phn nhn tn hiu v mt Base Station . N c kh nng lm vic vi 8 hoc 10 thit b trong mt . Tc truyn d liu ca cc thit b Bluetooth thong thng l 721Kbit/s . Nhng Module ca Blutooth c thit b nhn nhn v truyn d liu dng sng Radio . Nhng Module ny s qut v nhn bit nhng thit b Blutooth khc . Khi nhng thit b Bluetooth nhn ra nhau chng t to thnh mt PAN (Personal Area Network) v ngi s dng t ng trao i thng tin . Nu thit b khng cng PAN th ngi s dng phi thit lp kt ni bng tay . Khi Module khng nhn ra , thit b s nhc ngi s dng cho php mng nhn mt thit b mi . Ngi s dng c th cho php hoc t chi yu cu ca mng . Module ca Bluetooth s dng k thut FHSS (Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum) cho vic truyn Voice v d liu . Truyn thng kiu FHSS c dng rng ri nhiu nm trc kia trong qun i bi v kh nng an ton v bo mt cao . Thit b Bluetooth s bao gm mt hoc nhiu kiu m s cho bit nhng thit b tch hp Blutooth khc m n qut thy . K thut ny cho php nhng thit b c gng ng b d liu ca chng ngay khi chng nhn ra nhau . Kt qu l in thoi Bluetooth s t ng nhn ra my tnh c tch hp cng Bluetooth v tai nghe Blutooth khng dy . Ngi s dng c kh nng dng tai nghe ni vo Phone hoc dng PC ca h ni vi Internet qua in thoi s - khng cn dy dn v thit lp h thng .

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7. GPS - Global Positioning System

GPS l h thng nh v ton cu c 24 v tinh - 03 trong s l nhng v tinh Backup quay theo qu o ca Tri t hai ln trong mt ngy vi khong cch cch Tri t 12000 dm . 24 gi / ngy nhng v tinh ny truyn lin tc tn hiu sng Radio vi tn s cao bao gm d liu v tr v thi gian , cho php bt k ai c thit b thu GPS xc nh bt k v tr no trn Tri t . Mng GPS do B Quc phng M qun l c dng t do vi bt k ai c thit b thu GPS .

Nhng v tinh ca GPS c gi l v tinh NAVSTART . Mi mt v tinh nng 2000 pound v c tm hp th nng lng mt tri c m rng khong 5.1m . Cng sut pht 50W hoc nh hn , n pht vi 03 tn s khc nhau . Mi mt v tinh c s dng trong khng 10 nm .

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Mi mt im trn mt t c xc nh bi hai to theo ng nm ngang v ng thng ng . Nhng iu c bn trong cng ngh GPS l thi gian chnh xc v thng tin v tr . N s dng ng h nguyn t c chnh xc chnh lch 1 giy trong vng 30 nm v d liu v tr , mi mt v tinh lun lun pht tn hiu v thi gian v v tr ca n . GPS lm vic theo nguyn tc o c tam gic , bng vic bit khong cch ca 03 hc nhiu v tinh hn , thit b nhn c th tnh ton v tr theo cng thc ton hc cho trc . Thng tin t 03 v tinh s c tnh ton xc nh to theo chiu ngang v thng ng , nhng nu dng 04 v tinh th kh nng tnh ton chnh xc ln hn . Mc du di s qun l ca B Quc phng M , GPS c ng dng rng ri trong thng mi . Da vo h thng GPS ngi ta c th tm c v tr chnh xc trn bn s tm theo du vt , dn ng cho v kh .... Ngy 1 thng 5 nm 2000 , GPS cho php 02 mc dch v : mc thng thng c tnh chnh xc khong 91m n ph thuc vo s v tinh tham gia vo vic xc nh v tr . nng cao tnh chnh xc ti khong 4.5m hoc chnh xc hn na phi qua h thng s l DGPS (Differential GPS - vi phn ) m c s tham gia v tr thu th hai c v tr xc nh trc .

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8. Galileo

H thng Galileo bao gm mt chng v tinh gm 30 chic c chia thnh 03 qu o cch Tri t 24000 km v qut ph kn b mt ca Tri t , do EU pht trin . Chng c h tr bi mng ton cu ca nhng trm mt t . Hin nay c 02 sng Radio hng hi cho mng v tinh : GPS ca M v Glonass ca Nga , chgn c thit k trong thi k chin tranh lnh cho mc ch qun s . Khi h thng ca Nga khng c ng dng trong lnh vc dn s , Galileo c thit k thay i GPS v h tr ton b nhng h thng GPS c sn :

Galileo c thit k khng phc v mc ch qun s tuy nhin nu cn thit n cng c s dng bo m an ninh . Mc d nh vy n cng c nhng dch v cao cp cho nhng kiu cng vic . N da trn cng mt cng ngh nh GPS v cng cung cp tng t , n bao gm chm v tinh v nhng trm iu khin mt t v nhng h thng qun l . Galileo c tin cy cao v c tn hiu " thng bo ton vn " ngi s dng ngay lp tc bit c bt k li no . Khng nh GPS , n c kh nng nhn tn hiu ca h thng Galileo c trong nhng thnh ph nh v nhng vng su xa . N thc s phc v i chng nh bo m tnh lin tc ca nhng dch v m n cung cp . V mt lc no tn hiu GPS trong mt nm c nhng lc khng c tn hiu m khng thng bo g c .

Cho n hin ny vn song song tn ti hai h thng GPS v Galelio.