K THUT TRNG CY RAU NGT (CAUROPUS ANDROGYNUS L. MRR.) 1. Thi v.

Rau ngt c trng bng phng php nhn v tnh, trng mt ln v thu hoch 2-3 nm. Trong 1 nm c th n 2 ln hn ch nhiu cy cao, tng sc sinh trng ca cy t nng sut cao. Rau ngt bt u c chm bn t cui thng 2 n ht thng 10. 2. Ging. C 2 ging rau ngt: - Rau ngt l to: sinh trng khe, thn l mu xanh m, phin l to v mng, phm cht ngon; - Rau ngt l nh: thn, l c mu xanh nht, phin l nh v dy, ng gn gia cung l c mu xanh nht, t b su bnh hi. 3. Lm t. - Rau ngt khng kn t, nhng mun c nng sut cao, cn chn t tht nh, tht trung bnh, t ct pha, pH t 5,5-7,0; - t c cy ba k, lm sch c trc khi trng. 4. Mt , khong cch. - Chia lung 1,3-1,5m, mt lung rng 1,0-1,2m, rnh 0,3m trng vi khong cch 40x25cm/khm (2-3 hom). - Chun b ging t 9,5-10 vn hom/ha, cng c th tch khm t cy gc ca nm trc nhn thng ra rung. 5. Phn bn. Khng c dng phn chung ti, phn bc ti bn hoc ti. + Phn chung: S dng 15-20 tn/ha (540-720kg/so), cng c th dng phn hu c sinh hc hoc phn rc ch bin thay th phn chung vi lng bng 1/3 lng phn chung. + Phn ha hc: Loi phn Tng lng phn bn Kg (nguyn Kg/so qui cht/ha) i Bn (%) lt Bn thc (kg/so/ln)

Phn m Phn ln Phn kali

150-200 100 100-150

12-16 ur 20 22 supe ln 100 7.2-11 50 kali sunphat

3 ur 0 1 kali sunphat

- Bn lt: Ton b lng phn chung. - Bn thc: + Ln 1: sau trng 40-50 ngy. + Cc ln bn tip theo sau cc t thu hi. + Rau ngt c thi gian thu hoch di, c th dng nc phn hoai mc ti thm cho bn cy. C th dng cc dng nitrat amn, sulfat amn thay cho ur, clorua kali thay cho kali sunphat hoc cc dng phn hn hp, phc hp NPK bn vi liu nguyn cht tng ng. Ngoi bin php bn vo t, c th phun qua l cc dung dch dinh dng a lng, trung lng, vi lng theo hng dn s dng ca hng sn xut. Xi xo, vun gc, lm c: bn thc phn nhiu ln sau cc t thu hi, c bit sau khi n thp cy. Ch thu hoch sau khi bn phn t nht 14 ngy. 6. Ti nc. Ngun nc ti: s dng ngun nc sch ti (nc sng hoc nc ging khoan). Tuyt i khng c s dng nc thi sinh hot, nc thi cng nghip, nc b nhim, nc thi t bnh vin. Lun gi m t 80 85%. 7. Phng tr su bnh. * Su hi: Gm mt s su hi chnh sau: + Ry xanh (Empoasca sp.) hi nng khi b kh hn. Phng tr bng cc loi thuc: Sherpa 20 EC, Regent 80 WG, Cyperan 25 EC... + Nhn (Tetranychus sp.): hi nng trong iu kin kh hn, sng tp trung di mt l. Cn pht hin sm phng tr bng cc loi thuc: Comite 73EC, Pegasus 500 SC, Ortus 5 SC. + B phn (Bemisa myricae): va gy hi, va l mi gii gy bnh virut, cn phng tr trit bng cc loi thuc Sherpa 20 EC, Karate 2,5 EC... + B tr (Thrip sp.): phng tr bng Admire 50EC, Confidor 100 SL, Gaucho 70 WS, Baythroid 50 SL. * Bnh hi: Gm cc bnh chnh sau:

+ Bnh phn trng (Erysiphe sp.): hi nng trong iu kin kh hn, nng m. Phng tr khi bnh mi chm b, bng cc thuc: Anvil 5SC, Score 250 EC, Bayfidan 25EC. + Bnh xon l (virut): cn dit tr mi gii truyn bnh l b phn, nu nng th ph b trng li. - Nng thuc v lng nc s dng phi theo ng hng dn trn nhn bao b ca tng loi thuc. Phi kt thc phun trc mi la thu hoch 7 ngy. 8. Thu hoch. - Rau ngt cho thu hoch nhiu la, cc t thu phi thc hin nghim ngt thi gian cch ly thuc ha hc bo v thc vt v bn thc m. - Thu hoch ng la, khng rau gi gim phm cht. K Thut Trng Cy Rau Ngt (Cn gi l rau b ngt, b ngt, m chnh) Tn khoa hc: Sauropus Androgynus (L.) H: Thu du Euphorbyaceae.

1/ c im sinh hc - Thuc cy thn g, mc thng ng, phn nhiu cnh. - Cy cao khong 1,5 m, c khi ln n 2 m. - L mc cch, phin l hnh bu dc, mu xanh m. - Hoa rau ngt n tnh, hnh sim; qu hnh trn ging nh qu c nhng nh hn. - Rau ngt l cy c nhiu cht b, lnh tnh, c bit cho nhiu Vitamin A, C.

2/ K thut trng * Ging - C th trng cy b ngt t ht nhng t l ny mm ca ht thng rt thp v thi gian cy cho thu hoch lu. - Trng bng cch gim cnh: Trn nhng cy b ngt sinh trng mnh (cy khong 6 8 tui sau khi trng), khng su bnh hi chn nhng cnh kho, cnh bnh t (khng gi, khng non) cnh va ho nu, sau ct tng khong di 20 cm lm ging cho v sau. Bng cch nh sau: + Bc 1: Chun b tru lm lip gim cnh (tru c hoai). Tu theo kch thc vn: chiu rng khong 1 1.2 m; chiu cao mt lip khong 10 cm. + Bc 2: Chun b cy ging (nhng on cy ging va nu trn). + Bc 3: Nhng vo dung dch NAA (kch thch ra r) pha sn nng . + Bc 4: Ghim cy ging ln lip chun b, nghing ca cy so vi mt lip khong 45. + Bc 5: Sau khi ghim khong 20 25 ngy cy ra r v co th em ra rung (vn) trng, ti nuc gi m. * t: Cy rau ngt rt d trng, thch hp trn nhiu vng t, nhng t khng b nhiu phn v mn l c. Tt nht l trng trn t tht nhiu bn, thot nc tt. * Thi v: C th trng quanh nm, tt nht l u ma ma. * Khong cch trng: Hng cch hng 50 60 cm. Cy cch cy 25 30 cm, mi hc c th trng 2 cy. * Phn bn (tnh cho 1.000 m2): - Bn lt: 1,5 2 tn phn chung hoai mc.

Super ln: 10 15 kg. Kali: 3 4 kg. - Bn thc: C th chia lm 2 ln bn, s dng phn Ur khong 5kg/ln (1 thng sau trng) v ln 2 sau khong 20 25 ngy. Trong thi gian , kt hp s dng thm phn bn l b sung thm vi lng cho cy. - Do cy rau ngt thu hoch lin tc, sau mi ln thu hoch c th ch bn cho cy 1 ln phn v khong 6 thng nn bn thm phn hu c cho cy. Hai nm sau trng li cy mi. * Chm sc: - V sinh vn, trnh c cnh tranh dinh dng vi cy, hn ch su bnh hi. - Ti nc 1 ngy/ln. - Trong qu trnh thu hoch cy kt hp vi ct ta, to cy c b khung tn p, vn thng thong. * Phng tr su bnh: Cy rau ngt tng i t b su bnh hi tn cng. Nu c th cc i tng su bnh hi trn cy ch yu nh: Su cun l, su xanh: S dng cc loi thuc vi sinh Biocin lun phin vi thuc Sherpa, Sherzol, SecSaigon. * Thu hoch: - Thu hoch rau ngt bng cch ct cnh hoc hi l. - Sau khi trng khong 2 thng th chng ta c th thu hoch t u. - Cc t tip theo sau khong 25 30 ngy. Phng php trng rau ngt

Rau ngt, c ni gi l cy m chnh, l loi rau n l d trng v trng quanh nm. Rau ngt trng c mi ni, c th trng tp trung ngoi rung, trng trong vn, trng hng ro... u c th cho thu hi. Cy rau ngt sinh trng v cho thu hi quanh nm. Rau ngt c gi tr dinh

dng cao, hm lng protein trong cy rau ngt cao gp 2 ln cc loi rau khc, cha nhiu vitamin C v A. Trng rau ngt hiu qu

trng c rau ngt cho nng sut cao, cht lng rau ti ngon v cho thu hoch lin tc, b con nn chn cc chn t tt, giu mn, khng b ng ngp nhng khng qu kh. Tt nht l nn chn loi t tht pha st va d ca nh tc m li gi m tt trng. Chn ni gn ngun nc sch trng v rau ngt rt cn c ti thng xuyn mi duy tr c nng sut v cht lng. t lm k, bn lt nhiu phn chung, phn rc v mt t m, ln, kali cho cy pht trin nhanh giai on u. Ln lung rng 70cm, trn mi lung x rnh trng 2 hng cch nhau 40cm, khm cch khm 20cm. Chn nhng on thn, cnh bnh t ct thnh hom di 10-15cm trng. Mi hc t 2 on cnh nm nghing 15-200, vi t su 2/3, tr li 1/3 ri lp k cy ny nhiu chi. Thng xuyn ti m v lm sch c cho rau ngt nhanh ny chi. Thi v trng tt nht l v xun (thng 2-4) v v thu (thng 8-9). Khi rau ngt ln xanh tt c cch 5-7 ngy ti mt ln bng cch dng phn chung hoai mc + 3% m ur pha long ti m vo gc sau khi lm c, xi xo. Ch 20 ngy sau trng c th ct hi c la u tin, sau tip tc chm sc cc la tip theo c th thu hi t 10-15 ngy/ln. Cui nm, vo thng 11-12, khi thy cy cao, l hi vng v t l, l thi k cy ngng sinh trng, b con dng dao, ko sc ct st gc 5-7cm ri ta tha bt cc gc gi. Nht sch c, xi rnh su 10-15cm gia 2 hng, bn thm nhiu phn chung, phn hu c c hoai mc vi mt t m, ln, kali trn u, lp li t v ti m qua xun cy li ln cc t chi mi khe hn, vn rau ngt li c tr ha, sung sc

hn. Nu chm sc tt, rau ngt c th thu hoch lin tc trong khong 4-5 nm mi phi trng li. Khi rung rau gi ci th ct n ton b trng li vo thng 5, thng 6 trc khi ma ma n l thi im tt nht trong nm v cy nhanh ra r v tn cng ti. K thut trng Rau ngt sinh trng pht trin quanh nm song trng vo ma xun (thng 1 - 3 dng lch) l tt nht. Rau ngt c trng bng hom gim. Vo thng 11, 12, chn nhng cy khe khng b su bnh, b phn gc qu gi, phn ngn qu non, cht thnh nhng on hom kch thc 20-25cm, em gim ln lung cho ra r. Cy rau ngt d ra r nn ch cn ti m cho t l cy ra r v sng c. t hom hi chch so vi mt t, lp t ngp 2/3 hom gim, sang xun em trng. Khong cch trng: Hng cch hng 20-25cm, cy cch cy 20cm, c th trng 2 cy/hc. Trng xong ti nc gi m. Sau khi trng 10 ngy c th ti nc gii pha long hay nc phn chung long. Trong cc thng ma h, 10-15 ngy thu hoch l mt ln. Dng tay b cnh nh nhng, t dc cnh rau, b li ri em tiu th. Sau khi b cnh thu hoch rau, cy li tip tc ra chi cnh mi. Sau mi ln thu l, c th bn thc phn m long 1% cy s ra l mnh.