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Li M u
Kh ng hnh v kh thin nhin khai thc t lng t thng bo ha hi
nc v hm lng hi nc ph thuc vo p sut, nhit , v thnh phn ha hc
ca kh. Mi mt gi tr nhit v p sut tng ng vi hm lng nc cc i
c th nht nh. Hm lng m tng ng vi hi nc bo ha ti a c gi l
m cn bng.
Hm lng hi nc trong kh ng hnh v kh thin nhin cn phi bit v
hi nc c th b ngng t trong cc h thng cng ngh x l sau ny, hnh thnh
cc hydrat ( cc tinh th cht rn ) d ng cc chim cc khong khng trong cc
ng dn hay cc thit b, ph v iu kin lm vic bnh thng i vi cc dy
chuyn khai thc, vn chuyn v ch bin kh. Ngoi ra s c mt ca hi nc v
cc hp cht cha lu hunh ( H2S v cc cht khc ) s lm gim nhit tr ca kh,
lm gim hot tnh xc tc trong cc qu trnh ch bin v l tin thc y n
mn kim loi, lm gim tui th v thi gian s dng ca cc thit b, cng trnh.
Trc nhng nguy c v tc hi to ln ca hi nc c mt trong kh thin
nhin v kh ng hnh trong cc quy trnh cng ngh th vic lm kh kh sao cho
t yu cu v tiu chun k thut l mt nhim v bt buc m bo kh nng
hot ng n nh v hiu qu ca cc dy chuyn cng ngh ch bin cc sn phn
kh sau ny. Kh c sy kh vi mc ch tch hi nc v to ra cho kh c nhit
im sng theo nc thp hn vi nhit cc tiu m ti kh c vn
chuyn hay ch bin.
Do vy, trong phm vi ca n ny, chng ta s tnh ton cc thng s thp
ca qu trnh lm kh kh bng phng php Hp th dng MonoEtylenGlycol
(MEG).
Em xin chn thnh cm n s hng dn nhit tnh ca thy gio, TS. Nguyn
Danh Nhi, B mn Lc Ha Du, i Hc M a Cht gip em hon thnh
n ny. Trong qu trnh thc hin n khng th trnh khi nhng sai st, mong
thy ng gp kin n c hon thin.
H Ni, ngy 02 thng 11 nm 2011
SV. Bi Quang Hiu
1|Page
kh c kh nng to hydrat nh metan, etan, propan, isobutan, nit, H2S, CO2, argon
s chim ch. Cc hydrocacbon vi phn t ca n c th xm nhp vo khung
cng vi cc phn t kh c kch thc nh hn, dn ti thay i p sut cn bng
trn cc hydrat. Mc chim ch trong khung ca cc phn t kh to hydrat i
vi thnh phn kh cho ch yu ph thuc vo p sut v nhit ca h. Cc
tinh th hydrat hnh thnh trn b mt phn chia pha ca h kh-nc. Nc t do
cn li sau khi hnh thnh cc hydrat ch tip tc chuyn thnh trng thi hydrat
khi c s khuy trn cc pha v khi c nhng iu kin nhit ng thch hp. Khi
khng c s khuy trn th qu trnh khuch tn ca kh qua lp mng cng ca cc
hydrat rt kh khan v s pht trin lin tc ca cc hydrat s khng xy ra.
iu kin hnh thnh cc hydrat ngoi ra cn ph thuc vo hm lng ca
mui c trong nc, hm lng ca chng tng s dn n gim nhit bt u
to thnh hydrat. Nhit ny cng ph thuc vo thnh phn kh, v d nhit
bt u to thnh hydrat ca metan khi c mt propan, CO2, H2S s thp hn so vi
khi vng mt cc cht ny. Hnh dng ca hydrat rt a dng, n c xc nh bi
thnh phn kh v cc iu kin nhit ng hc. Thng thng v hnh dng chng
ging nh nc hay tuyt m nn.
Nhm ngn nga s hnh thnh cc hydrat ngi ta s dng rng ri phng
php c ch tc l phng php a vo dng kh cc cht khc nhau gi l cc
cht c ch lm h nhit to thnh hydrat nh methanol, glycol v phng
php lm kh (tch nc) kh da trn c s tch hi nc ra khi kh bng cc cht
hp th lng hoc rn.
- Phng php c ch: thc cht l cho cht c ch vo dng kh m, cht c ch
s tan trong nc t do, kt qu l lm gim p sut hi nc v h nhit to
thnh hydrat. Hin nay cc cht c ch ngn nga s to thnh hydrat thng dng
nht l:
o S dng cht c ch l methanol, cn c khu vc kh hydrat v khu vc
kh axit.
o S dng cht c ch glycol
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Glycol
Metanol
Khng gy c vi ngi v mi
trng.
Gy c hi vi ngi v mi trng.
C p sut hi bo ha rt thp v c
kh nng thu hi rt cao bng phng
php vt l n gin l c c cc dung
dch nc cha glycol.
p sut hi bo ha cao do vy kh
tch ra khi dng kh, vic ti sinh n
rt phc tp nn vic tiu hao cht c
ch l ln.
3|Page
Phng php thm thu kh: Cho n nay, qu trnh dehydrat ha bng thm thu
kh hu nh khng cn c s dng trong cng nghip x l kh na do nhng
yu cu k thut qu cao ca qu trnh. dshydrat ha kh bng thm thu phi
la chn nhng hp cht cao phn t thch hp c ij rt ln, khong 200.000 (vi
loi mng mng ng th v khng h c khuyt tt) v khong 300 500 (vi
loi chm si rng). Hn na, phi chp nhn mt lng C1 thm thu qua mng
lc mng lc c chn c b mt ring khng qu ln.
Nhc im
MEG
DEG
dch m c khng b ng c.
p sut hi bo ha cao
ht m cao, kh bn khi c mt
cc hp cht lu hunh, O2 v
CO2 nhit thng. Dung dch
m c khng b ng c.
nhit cao c chn lc cao
TEG
ht m cao. To im sng
cho kh sy cao (27.8 47.3oC)
bn cao khi c mt cc hp cht
lu hunh, O2 v CO2 nhit
u im
Nhc im
ca cc HC nh trong TEG
cao hn DEG
Gi thnh r. c s dng ch
yu trong cc h thng vn
Metanol
MEG
DEG
TEG
TREG
METANOL
Cng thc
HCCH2CH2-OH
HO(CH2CH2O)2-H
HO(CH2CH2O)3-H
HO(CH2CH2O)4-H
CH3OH
KLPT
62.1
106.1
150.2
194.2
32.04
im si p
sut 760mmHg,
(oC)
197.3
224.8
285.5
314
64.5
p sut hi
25oC, (mmHg)
0.12
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
120
1.110
1.113
1.119
1.120
0.790
9.26
9.29
9.34
9.34
6.59
-13.3
-8.3
-7.2
-5.6
-97.8
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C TNH VT
DEG
TEG
TREG
METANOL
28.2
37.3
44.6
0.52
6.99
8.77
10.2
47
44
45
45
22.5
1.430
1.446
1.457
1.457
20.328
0.75
0.71
0.69
0.67
0.78
im chp chy
cc kn (oC)(flash
point)
115.6
123.9
1.769
204.4
12.0
im chp chy
cc h (oC) (fire
point)
118.3
143.3
165.6
190.6
nht
ng
lc
(cP)
MEG
25oC
16.5
60oC
4.68
Sc cng b mt
25oC (dyn/cm)
Ch s khc x
25oC
Nhit dung ring
25oC (kj/kg.oC)
Nhit
phn
hy
329
328
404
460
165
206.7
206.7
237.8
6|Page
II.
Thit b
Dng vt cht
I. Kh nguyn liu m
II. Kh lm kh
III. Dng glycol giu
IV. Dng kh thi ra
V. Dng glycol b sung nu cn
VI. Dng glycol ti sinh (glycol ngho)
VII. Dng hi nc (cha 1 t glycol)
1. Thp hp th
2, 4. T.B Trao i nhit
3. TB thi kh tch HC ha tan
5. Thp ti sinh
6. TB gia nhit
7. TB lm ngui
8. Bn cha
9. Bm
iu kin hot ng
- Thp hp th (1):
+ Nhit thp (15 38oC)
+ p sut cao (60 85 bar)
- Thp ti sinh (5):
+ Nhit cao: Tnh (115oC) Ty Tp.hy glycol
+ p sut thp (1 1.2 bar)
7|Page
I.
D liu ban u [3]
Thnh phn kh :
Cu t
C1
C2
C3
n-C4
i-C4
n-C5
n-C6
N2
He
%V
82.0
4.7
3.8
2.5
2.8
1.5
1.2
1.0
0.5
p sut kh kh : 66 bar
im sng kh kh : 10oC
Cht hp th MEG (Mono Etylen Glycol)
Lu lng ring cht hp th 30 (Kg/Kg H2O)
II.
Yu cu tnh
Nng ti thiu ca Glycol
Lng dung dch tun hon/h (kg/h, kmol/h)
S a l thuyt ca thp
ng knh thp
Chiu cao thp
8|Page
)
9|Page
(
)
Mt khc, khi lng phn t trung bnh Mtb ca dung dch glycol bo ha c th
coi xp x bng: 0,934*62 + (1 0.934)*18 = 59,09 vC
(
Suy ra,
+
)
Trong :
L l lu lng lng dung mi vo thp tnh ra Kmol/h
-
Xc nh V:
o theo trn ta c V = 208333,33 (std m3/h)
Suy ra V =
(kmol/h)
Vy :
10 | P a g e
10
Trong :
X0 l nng phn mol ca nc trong cht hp ph ti sinh
Do :
Bc 11 : Tnh s a l thuyt
Ta c:
Trong ,
n l s a l thuyt ca thp hp th
A l yu t hp th tnh bc 8.
Suy ra:
Bc 12 : Tnh s a thc t
Theo kinh nghim thc t th hiu sut lm vic ca a l t 0,25-0,4
Ta chn hiu sut lm vic ca a l : = 0,3
Vy s a thc t ca thp hp th l 10 a
11 | P a g e
11
12
Trong :
T l nhit lm vic ca thp, ly bng nhit kh nguyn liu (K)
T = 50oC = 323 K
P p sut lm vic ca thp,
P = (Pkh ng.liu + Pkh kh)/2 = (6,8 + 6,6)/2 = 6,7 (MPa) 67 (atm)
vn tc tuyn tnh ca dng kh trong thp (0,05-0,15 m/s)
Chn = 0,13 m/s
Q l lu lng kh nguyn liu, c quy i t iu kin tiu chun v iu
kin lm vic ca thp, (m3/s)
Theo u bi v [4], ta c cc d liu trong bng sau, trong Yi l
phn mol ca cc cu t trong hn hp kh, Tci v Pci l nhit v p
sut ti hn ca cc cu t.
Cu t
Yi
Tci (K)
Yi*Tci
Pci (MPa)
Yi*Pci
C1
C2
C3
nC4
iC4
nC5 nC6
N2
0,82
0,047
0,038
0,025
0,028 0,015 0,012
0,01
190,4 305,28 369,67 425,01 407,98 469,5 507,2 123,11
156,13
14,35
14,05
10,63
11,42
7,04
6,09
1,23
4,61
4,88
4,25
3,8
3,65
3,37
3,01
3,4
3,78
0,23
0,16
0,095
0,10
0,05
0,04
0,03
T bng trn, ta tnh c nhit gi ti hn v p sut gi ti hn
ca hn hp : pTc v pPc
= Yi*Tci = 220,96 (K)
pPc = Yi*Pci = 4,49 (MPa)
Vy, suy ra nhit v p sut gi rt gn ca h: pTr v pPr
pTr = Tlm vic / pTc = 323/220,96 = 1,46
pPr = Plm vic / pPc = 6,7/4,49 = 1,49
Da vo th Hnh 3.2, trang 52 [4], ta tra c h s nn z:
z = 0,844
p Tc
12 | P a g e
He
0,005
5
0,025
0,23
0,0012
Suy ra :
( )
13 | P a g e
13
14 | P a g e
14
Mc lc
Li M u ........................................................................................................................... 1
Chng I - Tng quan v qu trnh cng ngh sy kh kh................................................... 2
I.
II.
C s l thuyt ............................................................................................................ 2
S nguyn tc cng ngh sy kh kh bng phng php hp th dng Glycol [1] . 7
II.
Yu cu tnh ............................................................................................................ 8
III.
IV.
Kt lun ................................................................................................................ 13
15 | P a g e
15