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LHDK52 Bi Quang Hiu

Sy kh kh bng phng php hp th dng MEG

Li M u
Kh ng hnh v kh thin nhin khai thc t lng t thng bo ha hi
nc v hm lng hi nc ph thuc vo p sut, nhit , v thnh phn ha hc
ca kh. Mi mt gi tr nhit v p sut tng ng vi hm lng nc cc i
c th nht nh. Hm lng m tng ng vi hi nc bo ha ti a c gi l
m cn bng.
Hm lng hi nc trong kh ng hnh v kh thin nhin cn phi bit v
hi nc c th b ngng t trong cc h thng cng ngh x l sau ny, hnh thnh
cc hydrat ( cc tinh th cht rn ) d ng cc chim cc khong khng trong cc
ng dn hay cc thit b, ph v iu kin lm vic bnh thng i vi cc dy
chuyn khai thc, vn chuyn v ch bin kh. Ngoi ra s c mt ca hi nc v
cc hp cht cha lu hunh ( H2S v cc cht khc ) s lm gim nhit tr ca kh,
lm gim hot tnh xc tc trong cc qu trnh ch bin v l tin thc y n
mn kim loi, lm gim tui th v thi gian s dng ca cc thit b, cng trnh.
Trc nhng nguy c v tc hi to ln ca hi nc c mt trong kh thin
nhin v kh ng hnh trong cc quy trnh cng ngh th vic lm kh kh sao cho
t yu cu v tiu chun k thut l mt nhim v bt buc m bo kh nng
hot ng n nh v hiu qu ca cc dy chuyn cng ngh ch bin cc sn phn
kh sau ny. Kh c sy kh vi mc ch tch hi nc v to ra cho kh c nhit
im sng theo nc thp hn vi nhit cc tiu m ti kh c vn
chuyn hay ch bin.
Do vy, trong phm vi ca n ny, chng ta s tnh ton cc thng s thp
ca qu trnh lm kh kh bng phng php Hp th dng MonoEtylenGlycol
(MEG).
Em xin chn thnh cm n s hng dn nhit tnh ca thy gio, TS. Nguyn
Danh Nhi, B mn Lc Ha Du, i Hc M a Cht gip em hon thnh
n ny. Trong qu trnh thc hin n khng th trnh khi nhng sai st, mong
thy ng gp kin n c hon thin.
H Ni, ngy 02 thng 11 nm 2011
SV. Bi Quang Hiu

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Sy kh kh bng phng php hp th dng MEG

LHDK52 Bi Quang Hiu

Chng I - Tng quan v qu trnh cng ngh sy kh kh


C s l thuyt
Hydrat l nhng hp cht c th tn ti mt cch bn vng di dng tinh th.
Thc cht l nhng dung dch rn, trong cc phn t nc dung mi nh cc lin
kt hydro to thnh khung hydrat. Trong cc khoang ca khung ny cc phn t
I.

kh c kh nng to hydrat nh metan, etan, propan, isobutan, nit, H2S, CO2, argon
s chim ch. Cc hydrocacbon vi phn t ca n c th xm nhp vo khung
cng vi cc phn t kh c kch thc nh hn, dn ti thay i p sut cn bng
trn cc hydrat. Mc chim ch trong khung ca cc phn t kh to hydrat i
vi thnh phn kh cho ch yu ph thuc vo p sut v nhit ca h. Cc
tinh th hydrat hnh thnh trn b mt phn chia pha ca h kh-nc. Nc t do
cn li sau khi hnh thnh cc hydrat ch tip tc chuyn thnh trng thi hydrat
khi c s khuy trn cc pha v khi c nhng iu kin nhit ng thch hp. Khi
khng c s khuy trn th qu trnh khuch tn ca kh qua lp mng cng ca cc
hydrat rt kh khan v s pht trin lin tc ca cc hydrat s khng xy ra.
iu kin hnh thnh cc hydrat ngoi ra cn ph thuc vo hm lng ca
mui c trong nc, hm lng ca chng tng s dn n gim nhit bt u
to thnh hydrat. Nhit ny cng ph thuc vo thnh phn kh, v d nhit
bt u to thnh hydrat ca metan khi c mt propan, CO2, H2S s thp hn so vi
khi vng mt cc cht ny. Hnh dng ca hydrat rt a dng, n c xc nh bi
thnh phn kh v cc iu kin nhit ng hc. Thng thng v hnh dng chng
ging nh nc hay tuyt m nn.
Nhm ngn nga s hnh thnh cc hydrat ngi ta s dng rng ri phng
php c ch tc l phng php a vo dng kh cc cht khc nhau gi l cc
cht c ch lm h nhit to thnh hydrat nh methanol, glycol v phng
php lm kh (tch nc) kh da trn c s tch hi nc ra khi kh bng cc cht
hp th lng hoc rn.
- Phng php c ch: thc cht l cho cht c ch vo dng kh m, cht c ch
s tan trong nc t do, kt qu l lm gim p sut hi nc v h nhit to
thnh hydrat. Hin nay cc cht c ch ngn nga s to thnh hydrat thng dng
nht l:
o S dng cht c ch l methanol, cn c khu vc kh hydrat v khu vc
kh axit.
o S dng cht c ch glycol
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Sy kh kh bng phng php hp th dng MEG

LHDK52 Bi Quang Hiu

Trong thc t thng s dng cc loi glycol: EG, DEG,TEG vi nng


khong 60 - 80 % khi lng. Vic la chn mt loi glycol s dng t
hiu qu cao chomt qu trnh x l kh no ph thuc vo :
T ng c v nht ca dung dch glycol ;
h T to hydrate i vi nng glycol cho ;
kh nng ha tan ca glycol trong HC ngng t ;
thnh phn kh.
h T im sng ca kh ph thuc vo loi cht c ch,nng ca n v
T kh tip xc vi cht c ch .
Nhng u im m cc glycol c c

Glycol

Metanol

Khng gy c vi ngi v mi
trng.

Gy c hi vi ngi v mi trng.

C p sut hi bo ha rt thp v c
kh nng thu hi rt cao bng phng
php vt l n gin l c c cc dung
dch nc cha glycol.

p sut hi bo ha cao do vy kh
tch ra khi dng kh, vic ti sinh n
rt phc tp nn vic tiu hao cht c
ch l ln.

Nhit si cao nn kh b bay hi.


Trnh mt mat khi thit b.

Nhit si thp nn kh nng tht


thot l rt cao.

Khng gy n mn cho thit b.

Mt s phn xng i khi cn thit k


thm cc thit b loi axit c th sinh
ra.

Phng php hp ph: cc phng php hp ph cho php t im sng theo


m trong khong 100200oC v sy su kh n im sng -85 -100oC. Cc
cht hp ph c th chia thnh : Boxit l khong thin nhin cha ch yu l oxit
nhm ; oxit nhm hot ha l Boxit lm sch ; cc loi Gel l nhng hp cht
cu to t oxit silic v alumogel ; cc ry phn t l cc zeolite. Cc cht hp ph
c b mt ring rt ln ( 500-800 m2/g ) v b mt ny c to thnh t cc mao
qun hay mng tinh th. Cc qu trnh hp ph c th thc hin gin on trong
cc thit b vi tng thp hp ph c nh hoc lin tc vi cc thit b cha cc

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LHDK52 Bi Quang Hiu

Sy kh kh bng phng php hp th dng MEG

lp hp ph chuyn ng. Tuy nhin cc qu trnh lin tc rt t kh c s dng


do cc thit b cng ngh rt phc tp.
-

Phng php thm thu kh: Cho n nay, qu trnh dehydrat ha bng thm thu
kh hu nh khng cn c s dng trong cng nghip x l kh na do nhng
yu cu k thut qu cao ca qu trnh. dshydrat ha kh bng thm thu phi
la chn nhng hp cht cao phn t thch hp c ij rt ln, khong 200.000 (vi
loi mng mng ng th v khng h c khuyt tt) v khong 300 500 (vi
loi chm si rng). Hn na, phi chp nhn mt lng C1 thm thu qua mng
lc mng lc c chn c b mt ring khng qu ln.

Phng php hp th: phng php hp th c s dng rng ri sy kh kh


ti cc cng trnh ng dn kh cng nh trong cc nh my ch bin kh. Cht hp
th sy kh l nhng dung dch nc m c ca mono- , di- v trietylenglycol.
S sy kh kh bng cc cht hp th ny da trn s khc bit v p sut ring
phn ca hi nc trong khng kh v trong cht hp th. Gi tr im sng ca
kh c m bo bng dung dch Glycol.
So snh u nhc im ca cc dung mi hp th nc:
u im

Nhc im

t tan trong kh ngng t. Dung

MEG

DEG

dch m c khng b ng c.

p sut hi bo ha cao

nht thp tng kh nng tip


xc vi hn hp kh. C kh nng
ngn nga to hidrat cao hn DEG
v TEG

hn DEG v TEG. Nhng


ha tan trong HC cao
hn DEG v TEG

ht m cao, kh bn khi c mt
cc hp cht lu hunh, O2 v
CO2 nhit thng. Dung dch
m c khng b ng c.
nhit cao c chn lc cao

TEG

ht m cao. To im sng
cho kh sy cao (27.8 47.3oC)
bn cao khi c mt cc hp cht
lu hunh, O2 v CO2 nhit

Tiu hao do tht thot cao


hn TEG. Khi ti sinh kh
thu c DEG nng
>95%. im sng thp
hn so vi TEG. Gi thnh
cao
i hi chi ph u t cao.
Dung dch TEG c kh
nng to mng khi c mt
cc HC nh. ha tan
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LHDK52 Bi Quang Hiu

Sy kh kh bng phng php hp th dng MEG

u im

Nhc im

bnh thng. Khi ti sinh d thu


c nng cao >99%. Dung
dch khng b ng c. bay
hi TEG thp hn DEG

ca cc HC nh trong TEG
cao hn DEG

Gi thnh r. c s dng ch
yu trong cc h thng vn
Metanol

chuyn. iu kin thng dung


dch m c khng b ng c.
C nht thp nht nn kh nng
tip xc vi hn hp kh l cao
hn cc glicol

C p sut ring phn cao


ln kh tch ra khi kh khi
ti sinh. Tiu hao ln

c tnh vt l ca cc Glycol v Metanol (dng lm kh kh)


C TNH VT

MEG

DEG

TEG

TREG

METANOL

Cng thc

HCCH2CH2-OH

HO(CH2CH2O)2-H

HO(CH2CH2O)3-H

HO(CH2CH2O)4-H

CH3OH

KLPT

62.1

106.1

150.2

194.2

32.04

im si p
sut 760mmHg,
(oC)

197.3

224.8

285.5

314

64.5

p sut hi
25oC, (mmHg)

0.12

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

120

Khi lng ring


25oC, (g/ml)

1.110

1.113

1.119

1.120

0.790

9.26

9.29

9.34

9.34

6.59

-13.3

-8.3

-7.2

-5.6

-97.8

Khi lng ring


25oC,
(pound/usgall)
im ng c,
(oC)

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LHDK52 Bi Quang Hiu

Sy kh kh bng phng php hp th dng MEG

C TNH VT

DEG

TEG

TREG

METANOL

28.2

37.3

44.6

0.52

6.99

8.77

10.2

47

44

45

45

22.5

1.430

1.446

1.457

1.457

20.328

0.75

0.71

0.69

0.67

0.78

im chp chy
cc kn (oC)(flash
point)

115.6

123.9

1.769

204.4

12.0

im chp chy
cc h (oC) (fire
point)

118.3

143.3

165.6

190.6

nht
ng
lc
(cP)

MEG

25oC

16.5

60oC

4.68

Sc cng b mt
25oC (dyn/cm)
Ch s khc x
25oC
Nhit dung ring
25oC (kj/kg.oC)

Nhit

phn
hy

329

328

404

460

165

206.7

206.7

237.8

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Sy kh kh bng phng php hp th dng MEG

II.

LHDK52 Bi Quang Hiu

S nguyn tc cng ngh sy kh kh bng phng php hp th


dng Glycol [1]

Thit b

Dng vt cht
I. Kh nguyn liu m
II. Kh lm kh
III. Dng glycol giu
IV. Dng kh thi ra
V. Dng glycol b sung nu cn
VI. Dng glycol ti sinh (glycol ngho)
VII. Dng hi nc (cha 1 t glycol)

1. Thp hp th
2, 4. T.B Trao i nhit
3. TB thi kh tch HC ha tan
5. Thp ti sinh
6. TB gia nhit
7. TB lm ngui
8. Bn cha
9. Bm
iu kin hot ng

- Thp hp th (1):
+ Nhit thp (15 38oC)
+ p sut cao (60 85 bar)
- Thp ti sinh (5):
+ Nhit cao: Tnh (115oC) Ty Tp.hy glycol
+ p sut thp (1 1.2 bar)

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LHDK52 Bi Quang Hiu

Sy kh kh bng phng php hp th dng MEG

Chng II - Tnh ton cc thng s c bn ca thp lm


kh kh bng phng php hp th dng
MonoEtylenGlycol
-

I.
D liu ban u [3]
Thnh phn kh :
Cu t

C1

C2

C3

n-C4

i-C4

n-C5

n-C6

N2

He

%V

82.0

4.7

3.8

2.5

2.8

1.5

1.2

1.0

0.5

Nhit kh nguyn liu : 50oC


Lu lng kh nguyn liu : 5.106 (std m3/ngy m)

p sut kh nguyn liu : 68 bar

p sut kh kh : 66 bar

im sng kh kh : 10oC
Cht hp th MEG (Mono Etylen Glycol)
Lu lng ring cht hp th 30 (Kg/Kg H2O)

II.
Yu cu tnh
Nng ti thiu ca Glycol
Lng dung dch tun hon/h (kg/h, kmol/h)
S a l thuyt ca thp

ng knh thp
Chiu cao thp

III. Cc bc tnh ton [1]


Bc 1 : C th ha cc s liu ban u
Lu lng kh nguyn liu V = 5.106 std m3/ngy m = 208333,33 std m3/h
p sut kh nguyn liu 68 bar = 6,8 MPa
p sut kh kh 66 bar = 6,6 MPa
Khi lng phn t trung bnh ca kh nguyn liu

Trong : Mi khi lng phn t ca cu t i


Ci phn trm cu t i
Suy ra, M = 21,68 vC

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LHDK52 Bi Quang Hiu

Sy kh kh bng phng php hp th dng MEG

Bc 2 : Xc nh nng Glycol ti sinh ti thiu


Da vo nhit tip xc (c nhn bng nhit ca kh cn sy kh) v
im sng ca kh sy kh xc nh nng ca Glycol ti sinh ti thiu min
cn thu c im sng cho trc ca kh thng qua s hnh II.5 (trang 96
[1]), gin ny phn nh cc gi tr cn bng, m trong iu kin thc t khng t
c, nn xc nh nng Glycol theo th ny ta phi nhn im sng ca
kh thp hn gi tr cho 5-8oC.
Ta chn nhit im sng thp hn gi tr cho 5oC, tc nhit im
sng l 5oC. Da vo th hnh II.5 suy ra :
Nng Glycol ti dinh ti thiu min = 96%
Bc 3 : Xc nh hm m ca kh cn sy kh
Da vo th hnh II.1 (trang 90 [1]) hoc s IV.1a (trang 79 [2]) ta
xc nh hm m ca kh cn sy kh w1 v ca kh sy kh w2
Vi kh nguyn liu iu kin T = 50oC ; 6,8 Mpa
w1 = 1,80 g/m3 = 0,0018 (kg/m3)
Vi kh kh p sut 6,6 MPa v c nhit im sng l 10oC
w2 = 0,21 g/m3 = 0,00021 (kg/m3)
Bc 4 : Tnh lu lng cht hp th ti sinh
L1 = V.(w1 w2).l
(kg/h)
Trong :
V l th tch kh nguyn liu (std m3/h)
l l lu lng ring cht hp th (kg/kg H2O)
w1 , w2 l hm m ca kh cn sy kh v kh sy kh (kg/ m3 )
Suy ra, L1 = 208333,33*(0,0018 0,00021 )*30 = 9937,5 (kg/h)
Bc 5 : Tnh nng Glycol bo ha xc nh theo phng trnh cn bng vt
cht da trn m trong pha lng v kh
(

Ta chn nng ban u ca dung dch Glycol l 1 = 96,5 % ln hn nng ti


thiu ca Glycol l min = 96%
T suy ra :
(

)
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LHDK52 Bi Quang Hiu

Sy kh kh bng phng php hp th dng MEG

Bc 6 : Tnh lng dung dich Glycol bo ha sau khi hp th


(
)
(

(
)
Mt khc, khi lng phn t trung bnh Mtb ca dung dch glycol bo ha c th
coi xp x bng: 0,934*62 + (1 0.934)*18 = 59,09 vC
(

Suy ra,

Bc 7 : Tnh hng s cn bng theo phng trnh


)
*(
(

+
)

Trong M0 l khi lng phn t ca cht hp th MEG nn M0 = 62 vC


)
*(
+
(
)
Bc 8 : Xc nh yu t hp th A theo cng thc

Trong :
L l lu lng lng dung mi vo thp tnh ra Kmol/h
-

V lu lng kh cn lm kh tnh ra Kmol/h


Xc nh L t L1 : theo tnh ton trn ta c L1 = 9937,5 (kg/h). Khi lng
phn t trung bnh ca dung mi hp th c tnh theo cng thc:
(
)
Suy ra,

Xc nh V:
o theo trn ta c V = 208333,33 (std m3/h)
Suy ra V =

(kmol/h)

Vy :

Bc 9 : H s tch m thc t ca qu trnh hp th

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Sy kh kh bng phng php hp th dng MEG

LHDK52 Bi Quang Hiu

Bc 10 : H s tch l thuyt khi tnh ton c ch n lng nc trong


glycol ti sinh

Trong :
X0 l nng phn mol ca nc trong cht hp ph ti sinh

Yn+1 l phn mol nc trong kh cn sy kh

Do :

Bc 11 : Tnh s a l thuyt
Ta c:

Trong ,
n l s a l thuyt ca thp hp th
A l yu t hp th tnh bc 8.
Suy ra:

Bc 12 : Tnh s a thc t
Theo kinh nghim thc t th hiu sut lm vic ca a l t 0,25-0,4
Ta chn hiu sut lm vic ca a l : = 0,3

Vy s a thc t ca thp hp th l 10 a

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LHDK52 Bi Quang Hiu

Sy kh kh bng phng php hp th dng MEG

12

Bc13 : Tnh ng knh thp hp th

Trong :
T l nhit lm vic ca thp, ly bng nhit kh nguyn liu (K)
T = 50oC = 323 K
P p sut lm vic ca thp,
P = (Pkh ng.liu + Pkh kh)/2 = (6,8 + 6,6)/2 = 6,7 (MPa) 67 (atm)
vn tc tuyn tnh ca dng kh trong thp (0,05-0,15 m/s)
Chn = 0,13 m/s
Q l lu lng kh nguyn liu, c quy i t iu kin tiu chun v iu
kin lm vic ca thp, (m3/s)
Theo u bi v [4], ta c cc d liu trong bng sau, trong Yi l
phn mol ca cc cu t trong hn hp kh, Tci v Pci l nhit v p
sut ti hn ca cc cu t.
Cu t
Yi
Tci (K)
Yi*Tci
Pci (MPa)
Yi*Pci

C1
C2
C3
nC4
iC4
nC5 nC6
N2
0,82
0,047
0,038
0,025
0,028 0,015 0,012
0,01
190,4 305,28 369,67 425,01 407,98 469,5 507,2 123,11
156,13
14,35
14,05
10,63
11,42
7,04
6,09
1,23
4,61
4,88
4,25
3,8
3,65
3,37
3,01
3,4
3,78
0,23
0,16
0,095
0,10
0,05
0,04
0,03
T bng trn, ta tnh c nhit gi ti hn v p sut gi ti hn
ca hn hp : pTc v pPc
= Yi*Tci = 220,96 (K)
pPc = Yi*Pci = 4,49 (MPa)
Vy, suy ra nhit v p sut gi rt gn ca h: pTr v pPr
pTr = Tlm vic / pTc = 323/220,96 = 1,46
pPr = Plm vic / pPc = 6,7/4,49 = 1,49
Da vo th Hnh 3.2, trang 52 [4], ta tra c h s nn z:
z = 0,844
p Tc

Vy, vi s mol khng i, trong iu kin lm vic ca thp, ta c lu


lng thc l:
(

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He
0,005
5
0,025
0,23
0,0012

LHDK52 Bi Quang Hiu

Sy kh kh bng phng php hp th dng MEG

Suy ra :

( )

Nh vy ng knh thp khong D = 0,6 (m)


Bc 14 : Tnh chiu cao thp hp th
H = Ntt *d + h
Trong :
d l khong cch gia 2 a 0,5-0,6 m
h l chiu cao vm nh v y thp 1-1,2 m
Chn d = 0,5 m v h = 1,1 m
o H = 10*0,5 + 1,1 = 6,5 (m)
Vy chiu cao thp l 6,5 (m)
IV. Kt lun
Nh vy, vi s liu u bi cho, ta tnh c cc thng s ca thp hp th nh
sau :
Cc thng s tnh ton
Kt qu
Nng ti thiu ca MEG
96%
Lng dung dch tun hon
9937,5 kg/h
S a l thuyt ca thp
3,04
ng knh thp
0,6 m
Chiu cao thp
6,5 m

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Sy kh kh bng phng php hp th dng MEG

LHDK52 Bi Quang Hiu

Ti liu tham kho


[1]. MA. Berlin, VG. Gortrencop, HP. Volcop. Ngi dch Hong Minh Nam,
Nguyn Vn Phc, Nguyn nh Soa, Phan Minh Tn. Hiu nh Nguyn nh
Soa. Cng ngh ch bin kh thin nhin v kh du m, HKT-TPHCM.
[2]. Nguyn Th Minh Hin (2004), Cng ngh ch bin kh t nhin v kh ng
hnh, NXB KHKT, H Ni.
[3]. S liu t thy gio, TS. Nguyn Danh Nhi, H M a Cht.
[4]. John M. Campbell. (1992), Gas Conditioning and Processing, Vol 1, Oklahoma.

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Sy kh kh bng phng php hp th dng MEG

LHDK52 Bi Quang Hiu

Mc lc
Li M u ........................................................................................................................... 1
Chng I - Tng quan v qu trnh cng ngh sy kh kh................................................... 2
I.
II.

C s l thuyt ............................................................................................................ 2
S nguyn tc cng ngh sy kh kh bng phng php hp th dng Glycol [1] . 7

Chng II - Tnh ton cc thng s c bn ca thp lm kh kh bng phng php hp th


dng MonoEtylenGlycol ........................................................................................................ 8
I.

D liu ban u [3] ...................................................................................................... 8

II.

Yu cu tnh ............................................................................................................ 8

III.

Cc bc tnh ton [1] ............................................................................................. 8

IV.

Kt lun ................................................................................................................ 13

Ti liu tham kho............................................................................................................... 14


Mc lc ............................................................................................................................... 15

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