Trng H Giao thng vn ti Tp.

HCM
Khoa in - in t vin thng
Bi ging: L thuyt tn hiu
10/15/2009
1
Chng 4
TRUYN TN HIU QUA MCH TUYN TNH
Ni dung:
4.1 Tch chp
4.1.1 nh ngha
4.1.2 Cc tnh cht
4.2 H thng tuyn tnh bt bin LTI
4.2.1 nh ngha
4.2.2 p ng xung v p ng tn s
4.3 Quan h gia cc c trng tn hiu ng vo - ng ra
4.3.1 ngha ca tch chp
4.3.2 Biu thc quan h
4.3.3 Mt s v d
Trng H Giao thng vn ti Tp.HCM
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Bi ging: L thuyt tn hiu
2
Chng 4 TRUYN TN HIU QUA MCH TUYN TNH
4.1 Tch chp (Continuous Time Convolution)
4.1.1 nh ngha
Tch chp gia hai tn hiu x(t) v y(t), k hiu: x(t)*y(t), c xc nh nh sau:
(*)
Xt hai tn hiu x(t) v h(t), tch chp y(t)=x(t)*h(t) c xc nh theo (*)
10/15/2009

= d t y x t y t x ) ( ) ( ) ( * ) (
Trng H Giao thng vn ti Tp.HCM
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3
Chng 4 TRUYN TN HIU QUA MCH TUYN TNH
4.1 Tch chp (tt)
4.1.2 Cc tnh cht
Tnh cht giao hon:
Tnh cht kt hp:
Tnh cht phn phi:
Nhn vi hng s:
Lin h vi hm tng quan:
10/15/2009
) ( * ) ( ) ( * ) ( t x t y t y t x =
) ( * )] ( * ) ( [ )] ( * ) ( [ * ) ( t z t y t x t z t y t x =
) ( * ) ( ) ( * ) ( )] ( ) ( [ * ) ( t z t x t y t x t z t y t x + = +
)] ( [ * ) ( ) ( * )] ( [ )] ( * ) ( [ t ay t x t y t ax t y t x a = =
) ( * ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (
* *
= =

y x dt t y t x
xy
Trng H Giao thng vn ti Tp.HCM
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Bi ging: L thuyt tn hiu
4
Chng 4 TRUYN TN HIU QUA MCH TUYN TNH
4.2 H thng tuyn tnh bt bin LTI (Linear Time Invariant System)
4.2.1 nh ngha
l h thng tha mn ng thi tnh cht tuyn tnh v bt bin
Tnh cht tuyn tnh:
H thng
tuyn tnh
Input Output
x
1
(t) y
1
(t)
x
2
(t) y
2
(t)
Nu:
Th:
a
1
x
1
(t) + a
2
x
2
(t) a
1
y
1
(t) + a
2
y
2
(t), a
1
,a
2
Tnh cht tuyn tnh:
H thng
bt bin
Input Output
x(t) y(t)
Nu:
Th:
x(t-t
0
)
y(t-t
0
), t
0
10/15/2009
Trng H Giao thng vn ti Tp.HCM
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Bi ging: L thuyt tn hiu
5
Chng 4 TRUYN TN HIU QUA MCH TUYN TNH(tt)
4.2 H thng tuyn tnh bt bin LTI
4.2.2 p ng xung v p ng tn s:
p ng xung (Impulse response):
p ng xung l tn hiu ng ra ca h thng khi tn hiu ng vo l xung (t).
p ng xung h(t) c trng cho h thng trong min thi gian.
p ng tn s (Frequency response):
c trng cho h thng trong min tn s
l bin i Fourier ca p ng xung, ngha l:
H thng LTI
h(t)
Input Output
(t) h(t)
( ) ( )
j t
H h t e dt

=

( ) ( )
F
h t H
Ch :
( )
( ) ( )
j
H H e

=
p ng
bin
p ng
pha
10/15/2009
Trng H Giao thng vn ti Tp.HCM
Khoa in - in t vin thng
Bi ging: L thuyt tn hiu
6
Chng 4 TRUYN TN HIU QUA MCH TUYN TNH (tt)
4.3 Quan h gia cc c trng tn hiu ng vo - ng ra:
4.3.1 ngha ca tch chp:
Nh vy, php tnh tch chp gip xc nh tc ng ca h thng ln tn hiu
ng vo. Ngha l, n gip xc nh tn hiu ng ra ca h thng LTI khi bit tn
hiu ng vo v p ng xung ca h thng.
10/15/2009
H thng LTI
h(t)
Input Output
(t) h(t)
(t-) h(t-)
x()(t-) x()h(t-)
d t x

) ( ) (
d t h x

) ( ) (
x(t)
x(t)*h(t)
Trng H Giao thng vn ti Tp.HCM
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Bi ging: L thuyt tn hiu
7
Chng 4 TRUYN TN HIU QUA MCH TUYN TNH (tt)
4.3 Quan h gia cc c trng tn hiu ng vo - ng ra:
4.3.2 Biu thc quan h:
Trong min thi gian:
x(t)
X()
y(t)
Y()
h(t)
H()
Input
Output
( ) ( ) ( ) y t h t x t =
( ) ( ) ( ) Y H X =
( ) ( ) . ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
Y H X
Y H X


=

= +

Trong min tn s:
ngha l:
ngha l:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) y t x h t d h x t d


= =

10/15/2009
Trng H Giao thng vn ti Tp.HCM
Khoa in - in t vin thng
Bi ging: L thuyt tn hiu
10/15/2009
8
Chng 4 TRUYN TN HIU QUA MCH TUYN TNH (tt)
Hm t tng quan:
4.3.2 Biu thc quan h (tt):

X
(t)

X
()

Y
(t)

Y
()
h(t)
H()
Input
Output
*
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
yy xx
h h =
Mt ph:
2
( ) ( ) ( )
y x
H =
2
0
( ) ; 0, 1, 2,...
yn xn
H n n = =
2
( ) ( ) . ( )
y x
H =
(t/h nng lng)
(t/h cng sut)
(t/h tun hon)
Trng H Giao thng vn ti Tp.HCM
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Bi ging: L thuyt tn hiu
9
Chng 4 TRUYN TN HIU QUA MCH TUYN TNH (tt)
4.3 Quan h gia cc c trng tn hiu ng vo - ng ra (tt):
4.3.3 Mt s v d:
V d 1: Xc nh y(t) v E
y
?
Li gii:
Xc nh ph ca tn hiu ng vo:
Xc nh ph tn hiu ng ra:
H()
Input
Output
x(t) y(t)
( )
4
H

| |
=
|
\
2
( ) (2 ) x t Sa t =
2
( ) (2 ) ( )
2 4
x t Sa t X

| |
= =
|
\
( ) ( ) ( )
2 4 4
1 1 1 1
2 2 4 2 2 2 2 4 4 2
Y X H

| | | |
= =
| |
\ \
(
| | | | | | | |
= + = +
| | | |
(
\ \ \ \

t
0
1
2
-2
-4 4
10/15/2009
Trng H Giao thng vn ti Tp.HCM
Khoa in - in t vin thng
Bi ging: L thuyt tn hiu
10
Chng 4 TRUYN TN HIU QUA MCH TUYN TNH (tt)
4.3.3 V d (tt):
Tn hiu ng ra:
Nng lng tn hiu ng ra:
2
1 1
( ) a2
2 4
y t S t Sa t = +
2
2 2
0
1 1 1 7
| ( ) | | 1|
2 4 4 24
y
E Y d d

= = + =

V d 2: Cho tn hiu x(t) qua h thng c p ng nh hnh v.
H()
Input
Output
x(t) y(t)
- /2
/2

0
H()

1
0
|H()|
2
-2
2
( ) 2cos 4cos .cos 2 x t t t t = +
a. Xc nh ph X() ?
b. Xc nh ph Y() ?
c. Tnh cng sut P
y
?
10/15/2009
Trng H Giao thng vn ti Tp.HCM
Khoa in - in t vin thng
Bi ging: L thuyt tn hiu
11
Chng 4 TRUYN TN HIU QUA MCH TUYN TNH (tt)
4.3.3 V d (tt):
Li gii:
a. Ph tn hiu ng vo:
b. Ph tn hiu ng ra:
( ) 1 cos 2 2cos 2cos3
1 2cos cos 2 2cos3
( ) 2 ( ) 2[ ( 1) ( 1)] [ ( 2)
( 2)] 2[ ( 3) ( 3)]
2 ( 3) ( 2) 2 ( 1) 2 ( )
2 ( 1) ( 2) 2 ( 3)
x t t t t
t t t
X



= + + +
= + + +
= + + + +
+ + + + +
= + + +
+ + + + + +
2
2
( ) ( ) ( ) [2 ( 3) ( 2) 2 ( 1)]
[2 ( 1) ( 2) 2 ( 3)]
j
j
Y X H e
e

= = + +
+ + + + + +
10/15/2009
Trng H Giao thng vn ti Tp.HCM
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Bi ging: L thuyt tn hiu
12
Chng 4 TRUYN TN HIU QUA MCH TUYN TNH (tt)
4.3.3 V d (tt):
- /2
/2

0
H()
t
t
1
0
|H( )|
2
-2
|X( )|
2
0
-1 -2
1 2

|Y( )|
2
0 -1 -2
1 2

t
0 -1 -2
1
2
t
Y( )
/2
0
-1
-2
1
2
-/2
X( )
3
-3
10/15/2009
Trng H Giao thng vn ti Tp.HCM
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Chng 4 TRUYN TN HIU QUA MCH TUYN TNH (tt)
4.3.3 V d (tt):
c. Cng sut tn hiu ng ra:
Xc nh mt ph cng sut:
Cng sut:
2
2
1 1
( ) 2 [ ( 3) ( 2) ( 1)]
2 2
1 1
2 [ ( 3) ( 2) ( 1)]
2 2
1 1
( ) 2 [ ( 3) ( 2) ( 1)]
4 4
1 1
2 [ ( 3) ( 2) ( 1)]
4 4
j
j
y
Y e
e

= + +
+ + + + + +
= + +
+ + + + + +
1 1 1 1
1 1 3
4 4 4 4
y yn
n
P

=
= = + + + + + =

10/15/2009