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KHOA IN - IN T
N
TT NGHIP I HC
ti:
NGHIN CU WINCC KT NI V
IU KHIN PLC
N
TT NGHIP I HC
ti:
NGHIN CU WINCC KT NI V
IU KHIN PLC
Sinh vin thc hin: PHM HUNH VINH
K50
Gio vin hng dn: Ths.BI THC MINH
Cn b phn bin:
B GIO DC V O TO
c lp T do Hnh phc
im kt lun ca Hi ng chm n
im s
Th k Hi ng
(K, ghi r h tn)
im bng ch
Khnh Ha, ngy thng nm 2012
Ch tch hi ng
(K, ghi r h tn)
i
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LI CM N
hon thnh c n ny, u tin em xin gi li cm n n Ban Gim
Hiu, cc Thy C c bit l cc Thy C trong b mn in thuc Khoa in in
T trng i Hc Nha Trang, tn tnh ch dy, truyn t kin thc cng nh to
iu kin thun li cho em trong sut qu trnh hc tp va qua.
Em xin chn thnh cm n thy Bi Thc Minh quan tm theo di, tn tnh
hng dn v ng vin em thc hin tt n tt nghip ny.
Mc d c gng nhng khng trnh khi sai st. Rt mong s ng gp kin
ca cc thy c gio, cc bn c, cng nh cc bn ng nghip n c hon
thin hn ng gp ti liu cho cc kha sau ca ngnh v xy dng m hnh thc
tin p dng trong thc t.
Xin chn thnh cm n!
Sinh vin
Phm Hunh Vinh
ii
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TM TT N
Vi ti Nghin cu WinCC kt ni v iu khin PLC, ti nghin cu v
phn mm WinCC v h thng PLC cng cng xy dng m hnh ca t ng,
iu khin lp trnh bng PLC S7-200 v gim st trn ca WinCC. Vic s dng ngn
ng lp trnh cu trc LAD v kt ni iu khin gim st bng WinCC thng qua
phn mm PC Access.
n Nghin cu WinCC kt ni v iu khin PLC ngoi phn m u, kt
lun v kin ngh, danh mc ti liu tham kho v cc ph lc, ni cung chnh ca
on vn gm cc chng sau:
Chng 1: Tng quan
Nghin cu cc n tt nghip, cc m hnh v kt ni WinCC v iu khin
PLC ca cc trng i hc, ng dng trong thc t. nh gi nhng im tn ti
cc n , v t pht trin hng ti ca mnh.
Chng 2: Tng quan v phn mm WinCC
Nghin cu v phn mm WinCC v cch s dng n ng dng vo thc tin
ti.
Chng 3: Thit b lp trnh PLC S7-200 CPU22X (SIEMENS)
Nghin cu v h PLC ni chung v PLC S7200 CPU22X (SIEMENS) ni
ring v cu trc phn cng, cu trc chng trnh v cch gi tnV y l c s
lp trnh chng trnh iu khin cho m hnh.
Chng 4: Kt ni v iu khin gia WinCC v PLC
Thc hin kt ni gia WinCC v PLC thng qua phn mm PC Access.
Chng 5: ng dng iu khin v gim st h thng
Thit k m hnh ng, m ca t ng dng PLC S7-200 iu khin thng qua
giao din WinCC.
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MC LC
LI CM N .............................................................................................................. i
TM TT N ......................................................................................................ii
DANH MC CC T VIT TT ...........................................................................viii
DANH MC BNG .................................................................................................. ix
DANH MC HNH ..................................................................................................... x
M U: GII THIU CHI TIT NI DUNG TI ........................................... 1
A. t vn ................................................................................................................ 1
B. Tnh cp thit ........................................................................................................... 1
C. Mc tiu nghin cu ................................................................................................ 1
D. Phng php nghin cu.......................................................................................... 2
E. Phm vi ti .......................................................................................................... 2
F. ng dng v nhu cu thc t ca ti .................................................................... 2
CHNG 1: TNG QUAN........................................................................................ 3
CHNG 2: TNG QUAN V PHN MM WINCC .............................................. 4
2.1
2.2
2.2.1
Chc nng.................................................................................................. 6
2.2.2
2.2.3
2.3
2.3.1
2.3.2
2.3.3
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2.3.4
2.3.5
Cc loi Project.......................................................................................... 9
2.3.6
2.4
2.4.1
2.4.1.1
2.4.1.2
2.4.1.3
Thit lp mt ca s ha mi ....................................................... 13
2.4.1.4
2.4.1.5
2.4.2
2.4.2.1
2.4.2.2
2.4.2.3
2.4.3
2.4.3.1
2.4.3.2
2.4.4
2.4.4.1
2.4.4.2
2.4.5
2.5
2.5.1
2.5.2
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2.5.3
2.6
2.6.1
2.6.1.1
2.6.1.2
2.6.1.3
2.6.2
2.6.2.1
2.6.2.2
2.6.2.3
PROFIBUS DP ................................................................................. 37
2.6.2.4
3.2
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.2.4
3.2.5
3.2.6
Kt ni ngoi vi vi PC............................................................................ 45
3.3
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.2.1
vi
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3.3.2.2
3.3.2.3
3.3.2.4
Ci t S7-200 PC Access................................................................................ 57
4.2
4.2.1
To s kt ni cho mt PLC..................................................................... 62
4.2.1.1
4.2.1.2
4.2.2
To mc Item ........................................................................................... 66
4.2.3
Yu cu cng ngh........................................................................................... 69
5.2
5.2.1
5.2.2
5.2.3
5.2.4
5.3
5.4
5.4.1
To d n mi.......................................................................................... 78
5.4.2
5.4.3
5.4.3.1
vii
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5.4.3.2
5.4.3.3
5.4.4
Chy m phng........................................................................................ 95
viii
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DANH MC CC T VIT TT
PLC:
WinCC:
Trung tm iu khin.
HMI:
MPI:
ROM:
B nh ch c.
RAM:
B nh tm thi.
CPU:
B x l trung tm.
PC:
Personal Computer.
My tnh c nhn.
DCE:
DTE:
Thit b u cui.
PIR:
CS:
Configuration System.
H thng cu hnh.
RT:
Run Time.
ix
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DANH MC BNG
Bng 2.1 Cu hnh ci t WinCC ............................................................................... 5
Bng 2.2 B x l truyn thng ................................................................................. 34
Bng 2.3 S lng PLC c a ch bi b x l trong trm WinCC ....................... 35
Bng 2.4 B x l truyn thng c sn cho php kt ni trm WinCC ....................... 35
Bng 2.5 Giao thc truyn thng cho cc trnh iu khin ......................................... 36
Bng 2.6 S lng cc kt ni truyn thng ............................................................... 36
Bng 2.7 Danh sch phn mm lin kt truyn thng trm WinCC thng qua
PRIFIBUS DP ........................................................................................................... 38
Bng 2.8 Danh sch phn mm lin kt truyn thng trm WinCC thng qua
PROFIBUS FMS ....................................................................................................... 39
Bng 3.1 Mt s thng s k thut ca S7-200 CPU22X ........................................... 41
Bng 3.2 Cc module m rng ca S7-200 CPU224 .................................................. 43
Bng 5.1 Khai bo bin vo ra ................................................................................... 70
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DANH MC HNH
Hnh 2.1 M hnh truyn thng qua mng MPI .......................................................... 34
Hnh 2.2 M hnh truyn thng qua mng Profibuss DP ............................................ 37
Hnh 2.3 M hnh truyn thng qua Profibus FMS ..................................................... 38
Hnh 3.1 CPU 224 AC/DC/RLY ................................................................................ 40
Hnh 3.2 S u ni dy vo ra ca PLC S7-200 CPU224 .................................... 42
Hnh 3.3 Cu hnh phn cng PLC S7-200 CPU 214 ................................................. 43
Hnh 3.4 Hnh dng ca cp v cng tc chn ch truyn ...................................... 45
Hnh 3.5 Kt ni my tnh vi CPU S7200 RS232/PPI Multi-Master....................... 46
Hnh 3.6 Hnh dng cp USB/PPI .............................................................................. 47
Hnh 3.7 Vng qut ca PLC ..................................................................................... 47
Hnh 3.8 Chu k qut S7 200 .................................................................................. 49
Hnh 3.9 Lp trnh bng ngn ng LADDER ............................................................. 55
Hnh 3.10 Lp trnh bng ngn ng STL.................................................................... 56
Hnh 3.11 Lp trnh bng ngn ng FBD ................................................................... 56
Hnh 4.1 M file ci t ............................................................................................. 57
Hnh 4.2 La chn ngn ng ..................................................................................... 57
Hnh 4.3 Qu trnh ci t .......................................................................................... 58
Hnh 4.4 Gii nn ci t ........................................................................................... 58
Hnh 4.5 Ci t chng trnh .................................................................................... 59
Hnh 4.6 La chn a ci t ................................................................................. 59
Hnh 4.7 Qu trnh ci t ci t............................................................................... 60
Hnh 4.8 Ci t Driver.............................................................................................. 60
Hnh 4.9 La chn cng kt ni ................................................................................. 61
xi
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Hnh 4.10 Kt thc ci t ......................................................................................... 61
Hnh 4.11 Giao din chng trnh PC Access ............................................................ 62
Hnh 4.12 Bc chn cng kt ni ............................................................................. 63
Hnh 4.13 Chn kt ni cho chng trnh .................................................................. 63
Hnh 4.14 Thit t cho kt ni .................................................................................. 64
Hnh 4.15 Chn cng USB cho kt ni ...................................................................... 64
Hnh 4.16 Thit lp cu hnh cho PLC ....................................................................... 65
Hnh 4.17 t tn cho PLC ........................................................................................ 65
Hnh 4.18 To Item .................................................................................................... 66
Hnh 4.19 t tn cho Item ........................................................................................ 66
Hnh 4.20 Hon tt qu trnh t tn .......................................................................... 67
Hnh 4.21 a Item to vo test ............................................................................ 67
Hnh 4.22 Kim tra qu trnh test ............................................................................... 68
Hnh 5.1 S kt ni PLC ....................................................................................... 69
Hnh 5.2 S gii thut ........................................................................................... 71
Hnh 5.3 Chng trnh cho h thng .......................................................................... 74
Hnh 5.4 Chn loi CPU ca PLC .............................................................................. 75
Hnh 5.5 Chn nt dowload np chng trnh cho PLC ........................................ 75
Hnh 5.6 La chn PLC ............................................................................................. 76
Hnh 5.7 t tn cho PLC .......................................................................................... 76
Hnh 5.8 Chn Item ................................................................................................... 76
Hnh 5.9 t tn cc bin ........................................................................................... 77
Hnh 5.10 Kt qu cc bin to .............................................................................. 78
Hnh 5.11 Chy th v kim tra ................................................................................. 78
xii
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Hnh 5.12 Giao din WinCC ...................................................................................... 79
Hnh 5.13 To d n mi ........................................................................................... 80
Hnh 5.14 Chn Add New Driver .............................................................................. 80
Hnh 5.15 Chn mng kt ni .................................................................................... 80
Hnh 5.16 Thit lp kt ni ........................................................................................ 80
Hnh 5.17 Chn mng kt ni vi PC Access............................................................. 81
Hnh 5.18 Chn kt ni S7200.OPCServer ................................................................ 81
Hnh 5.19 Chn Server .............................................................................................. 82
Hnh 5.20 Chn S7-200 ............................................................................................. 82
Hnh 5.21 t tn kt ni ........................................................................................... 82
Hnh 5.22 Add tag S7200_OPCServer ....................................................................... 83
Hnh 5.23 Add cc Tag vo WinCC ........................................................................... 83
Hnh 5.24 To Graphics Designer .............................................................................. 84
Hnh 5.25 t tn cho Graphics Designer .................................................................. 84
Hnh 5.26 M Graphics Designer .............................................................................. 84
Hnh 5.27 Giao din Graphics Designer ..................................................................... 85
Hnh 5.28 Ly th vin linh kin ............................................................................... 85
Hnh 5.29 Giao din ca th vin............................................................................... 86
Hnh 5.30 Ly ca trong Architechtural ..................................................................... 86
Hnh 5.31 Ly motor.................................................................................................. 87
Hnh 5.32 Ly cm bin ............................................................................................. 87
Hnh 5.33 Ti nt nhn .............................................................................................. 87
Hnh 5.34 t tn cho nt nhn.................................................................................. 88
Hnh 5.35 Giao din hon thnh thit k .................................................................... 88
xiii
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Hnh 5.36 Thit lp thuc tnh cho ng c ............................................................... 89
Hnh 5.37 Chn DCMOCUA..................................................................................... 89
Hnh 5.38 Thit lp hiu ng ..................................................................................... 90
Hnh 5.39 Thit lp thuc tnh cho nt Start............................................................... 90
Hnh 5.40 Thit t trong SetTagBit .......................................................................... 91
Hnh 5.41 Chn Tag_Name cho thit lp ................................................................... 91
Hnh 5.42 Chn Tag START cn thit lp ................................................................. 91
Hnh 5.43 t gi tr cho Value ................................................................................. 92
Hnh 5.44 SetTagBit sau thit lp START ................................................................. 92
Hnh 5.45 Thit lp Tag_Name v value cho STOP ................................................... 92
Hnh 5.46 SetTagBit sau thit lp START v STOP .................................................. 93
Hnh 5.47 Kt ni hon tt ......................................................................................... 93
Hnh 5.48 Thit lp Tag cho nt nhn cm bin ......................................................... 93
Hnh 5.49 SetTagBit lc cha kt ni ........................................................................ 94
Hnh 5.50 Chn Tag Name cho kt ni ...................................................................... 94
Hnh 5.51 Chn Tag cm bin cho kt ni ................................................................. 94
Hnh 5.52 Thit t gi tr 1 ....................................................................................... 95
Hnh 5.53 Tag mi thit t................................................................................... 95
Hnh 5.54 Thit t gi tr 0 ....................................................................................... 95
Hnh 5.55 Nt nhn Runtime ..................................................................................... 96
Hnh 5.56 Giao din mn hnh m phng................................................................... 96
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M U: GII THIU CHI TIT NI DUNG TI
A.
t vn
Vi s pht trin mnh ca khoa hc k thut, nc ta v ang xy dng ngy
cng nhiu nh my a dng v cng ngh. Ngnh t ng ha cng khng ngng pht
trin p ng nhu cu ca sn xut. ng dng cng ngh t ng vo trong sn
xut l xu hng tt yu ca Vit Nam ang trn ng pht trin cng nghip hi
nhp cng th gii. Hin nay, hng lot cc nh cung cp cng ngh v ang pht
trin nhiu thit b, chng trnh gim st v iu khin dy chuyn sn xut thay
th dn cc phng php iu khin bng tay nh cc module iu khin lp trnh nh
Zen, Logo, cc PLC...
Trong vic nghin cu WinCC kt ni v iu khin PLC nhm thay th dn
sc lao ng ca con ngi qua cc thit b nh gn, gi thnh h nhng rt hin i
nhm nng cao hiu qu, tit kim thi gian v nng cao nng xut trong cng vic.
T nhng vn ny, em chn ti NGHIN CU WINCC IU KHIN
V KT NI PLC.
B.
Tnh cp thit
Hin ti, trong cc nh my, x nghip cng nghip u ng dng thit b lp
trnh iu khin hot ng my mc, dy chuyn sn xut. Tuy nhin a phn nhp
dy chuyn sn xut ca nc ngoi, gi thnh cao, k s trong nh my cha c kh
nng sa cha khi b h hng m ch yu l s dng iu khin.
Nghin cu, thit k giao din ngi dng WinCC lm cho qu trnh iu khin,
gim st ca nhn vin k thut ngy cng thun tin, an ton hn, d sa cha, gi
thnh thp.
C.
Mc tiu nghin cu
Nghin cu WinCC iu khin v kt ni PLC.
Xy dng m hnh thc t kt ni v iu khin trn my tnh thng qua giao
din WinCC.
2
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D.
E.
Phm vi ti
Nghin cu phn mm WinCC kt ni v iu khin PLC. ti ch dng
trong nh trng, phn xng nhm gim sc lao ng cng nh nhn cng trong vic
qun l v gim st cc my mc cng nh cc h thng dy chuyn sn xut trong
mt xng hay khu cng nghip.
G. ngha khoa hc v thc tin ti
M hnh v t liu hon thnh s ng gp vo c s vt cht phc v ging
dy, thc hnh th nghim. Mc khc, vic thi cng, thc hin nhng nhu cu t ra
gip ti c thm nhiu kin thc b ch.
3
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CHNG 1: TNG QUAN
T ng ha qu trnh sn xut v ang ng dng rng ri vo cc ngnh sn
xut, tng bc thay th dn sc lao ng ca con ngi qua cc thit b iu khin
nh gn, gi thnh h nhng rt hin i nhm nng cao hiu qu, tit kim c thi
gian em li khng t hiu qu v kinh t i hi cn c nhng kin thc v k
thut nhm s thnh tho thit b. Vic tm hiu cch s dng nhng thit b iu
khin v gim st l yu cu tt yu. Vn l nh vy, nhng s hiu bit v n hin
nay cn cha tng xng, v y l lnh vc mi, ti liu thiu li rt tn mn. Rt
t trng c gio trnh, lm cho ngi hc lng tng khi tip xc, vn hnh, ci to qui
trnh v gim st theo hng mi.
Cho n hin nay c khng t cc ti liu v n lm v vn nay nh:
Bo co mng PLC Trnh by phng php iu khin hai bng n trong mng
AS-I qua WinCC ca sinh vin Nguyn Thnh Trung - Trng i hc S Phm K
Thut TP.HCM.
Thit k v ch to m hnh h thng dy chuyn t ng ha sn xut ca H
Vn Ngc Ging vin Khoa k thut in Trng cao ng ngh c in xy dng
v nng lm Trung B.
y l nhng ti ch yu nghin cu c th v nhng bi ton ng dng thc
tin cho tng m hnh hay cng ngh c th.
Vi ti ny nhm mang n kin thc tng quan v cc phn mm WinCC,
PLC cng nh cch thc kt ni v iu khin c th lp trnh v vit ng dng
gim st cho mi m hnh v bi ton thc t ra.
4
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CHNG 2: TNG QUAN V PHN MM WINCC
2.1 Tng quan v phn mm WinCC
Ngy nay cc thit b iu khin kh trnh PLC (Programable Logic Control)
c thay th ln cho cc thit b iu khin qu trnh c thc hin vic t ng
hon ton mt qu trnh cng ngh, thc hin vic tch hp mng cng nghip
(Industrial Ethernet). Trn th gii cc hng v t ng ha nh Omron (Nht), Allen
Bradly (M), Siemens (c)khng ngng phn u a ra nhng sn phm mi
trong lnh vc ny vi nhng tnh nng ca cc PLC ngy cng mnh, tc s l
nhanh p ng c cc nhu cu trong nn cng nghip vi cc bi ton iu khin
kh v phc tp cao. Hin nay trn th trng Vit Nam, PLC ca hng Siemens
c s dng kh nhiu trong cc lnh vc nh in lc, Giy, Xi mng,Cc chng
loi PLC ca hng kh phong ph nh S5, S7-200, S7-300, S7-400,c sn xut a
dng ty theo yu cu s dng v phc tp ca bi ton iu khin. Tuy nhin, ta
thy trong cng nghip vn giao din ngi my HMI (Human Machina
Interface) rt quan trng trong vic iu khin v gim st qu trnh sn xut. Hng
Siemens a ra mt s phn mm xy dng giao din ngi - my nh
Protool/Protool CS, WinCC c tnh linh hot v mm do thc hin gii php k
thut thc hin giao din ngi - my. Nhng phn mm ny khng nhng c th s
dng cho cc thit b ca chnh hng m n cn m rng tng thch vi cc thit b
ca cc hng khc nh ca GE (General Electric), Allen Bradly, Misubishi
Electric,thng qua cc knh iu khin ring.
WinCC l mt h thng iu khin trung lp c tnh cng nghip v c tnh k
thut, h thng mn hnh hin th ha v iu khin nhim v trong sn xut v t
ng ha qu trnh. H thng ny a ra nhng modul chc nng tch hp cng nghip
cho hin th ha, nhng thng bo, nhng lu tr, v nhng bo co. N l mt
trnh iu khin mnh, nhanh chng cp nht cc nh, v nhng chc nng lu tr an
ton bo m mt tnh li ch cao em li cho ngi vn hnh mt giao din trc quan
d s dng, c kh nng gim st v iu khin qu trnh cng ngh theo ch thi
gian thc.
5
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Ngoi nhng chc nng h thng, WinCC a ra nhng giao din m cho cc
gii php ca ngi dng. Nhng giao din ny lm cho n c th tch hp trong
nhng gii php t ng ha phc tp, cc gii php cho cng ty m. S truy nhp ti
c s d liu tch hp bi nhng giao din chun ODBC v SQL, s lng ghp nhng
i tng v nhng ti liu c tch hp bi OLE 2.0 v OLE Custom Controls
(OCX). Nhng c ch ny lm cho WinCC l mt i tc d hiu, d truyn ti trong
mi trng Windows.
xy dng c giao din HMI bng phn mm WinCC th cu hnh phn
cng phi bao gm thit b PLC S7 - xxx v cu hnh v cu hnh phn cng ti thiu
ca my tnh cho vic s dng phn mm WinCC v cc thit b khc phc v cho
vic truyn thng.
WinCC h tr cho tt c cc my tnh - nhng nn tng PC thch hp. Mc d gi
tr a ra cho cu hnh ti thiu nhng bn phi nhm t c cu hnh khuyn co
t hiu qu ti u.
Bng 2.1 Cu hnh ci t WinCC
Tn thit b
Yu cu ti thiu
Nn s dng
CPU
RAM
96 MB
128 MB
SVGA (4MB)
XGA (8MB)
Resolution
800*600
1024*768
Hard Disk
500 MB trng
>500 MB
Graphics Controller
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2.2 Chc nng ca trung tm iu khin (Control Center)
2.2.1 Chc nng
Control Center cha tt c cc chc nng qun l cho ton h thng. Trong
Control Center, c th t cu hnh v khi ng module Run-time.
a.
7
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Kim tra ch m phng, tr gip thao tc t cu hnh d liu bao gm:
dch hnh v, m phng tag, hin th trng thi v thit lp thng bo.
2.2.2 Control Center
WinCC Explorer trong Control Center: giao din ha cho cu hnh di
Windows 95 v Windows NT.
Qun l d liu: cung cp nh qu trnh vi nhng Tag gi tr theo cc loi
sau:
Chu k.
Chu k vi s thay i.
iu khin s kin thi gian.
Truyn d liu t nhng h thng t ng ha theo nhng cch sau:
Nhn.
Yu cu.
2.2.3 Nhng module chc nng
H thng ha (Graphich Designer): trnh by v ni qu trnh bng ha.
Son tho hot ng (Global Scrip): lm mt d n ng cho nhng yu cu
c bit.
H thng thng bo (Alarm Logging): xut cc thng bo v hi p.
Son tho v lu tr nhng gi tr php o (TagLogging).
Son tho nhng gi tr php o v ct gi chng trong thi hn lu di.
Son tho d liu hng ngi dng v ct gi chng lu di.
H thng bo co (Report Designer): bo co nhng trng thi h thng.
Control Center lm cho ta c th nh hng xuyn qua nhng ng dng WinCC
v d liu ca n vi ch mt t thao tc. Control Center thao tc tng t ging nh
Explorer trong Windows. Trong WinCC bao gm 2 c s d liu: mt dnh cho vic
8
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nh dng h thng CS (Configuration System), mt dnh cho vic chy thi gian thc
RT (Run time) khi chy WinCC c s d liu ny lun c ti vo v chy song song
vi nhau.
2.3 Cc khi nim thng dng trong WinCC
2.3.1 WinCC Explorer
N xut hin khi khi ng WinCC. Tt c cc phn ca WinCC u c khi
ng t y. T ca s WinCC Explorer c th xm nhp vo tt c cc thnh phn
m mt d n giao din ngi my cn c cng nh vic xy dng cu hnh cho cc
phn ring l .
2.3.2 Chc nng ca WinCC Explorer
WinCC explorer gm tt c cc chc nng qun l phc v vic vo h thng ca
WinCC. Ti y bn c th t cu hnh (Computer, Tag,) v khi ng module
Run-time.
2.3.3 Nhim v ca qun l d liu (Data Manager)
y l mt phn ca WinCC explorer, n cung cp cc hnh nh qu trnh, b
m (Proces Image) cho cc Tag.
2.3.4 Nhim v ca WinCC Explorer
To mt d n mi.
t cu hnh trn vn.
Gi v lu tr d n.
Qun l d n: m, lu, di chuyn v copy.
Chc nng n bng mng cho nhiu ngi s dng (Client - Server
Environment).
Hin th cu hnh d liu.
iu khin v t cu hnh ca cp bc ca cc nh, cu trc h thng, chng
hn nh bng cch th hin cy th mc.
9
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Ci t thng s tng th nh ngn ng, h thng, ng dn ngi dng.
t cu hnh cho v tr chc nng c bit ca ngi dng.
Phn hi ti liu (feedback documentation).
Lp bo co trng thi ca h thng.
Chuyn i gia t cu hnh v chy thc (run time).
Th cc module nh m phng khi chy (simulation), tr gip hot ng t
cu hnh d liu, chuyn i cc picture, th hin trng thi v to thng bo.
2.3.5 Cc loi Project
WinCC cung cp nhiu loi d n khc nhau ty theo yu cu cng vic v quy
m d n.
D n n (Single-User Project)
Mt d n n thc cht l mt trm vn hnh n, vic to cu hnh, chy thi
gian thc, cng nh kt ni vi bus qu trnh v lu tr d liu ca d n u c
thc hin trn my tnh ny.
D n nhiu ngi dng (Multi-User Project)
Mt d n nhiu ngi dng c c im cu hnh nhiu my khch (client) v
mt my ch (server), tt c chng lm vic trong cng mt d n. Ti a 16 client
c truy cp vo mt server. Cu hnh c th t trong server hoc trong mt vi
client. D liu ca d n xem nh l cc hnh nh (picture), cc tag, d liu c lu
tr trong server v cung cp cho cc client. Server c kt ni vi bus qu trnh v d
liu c s l y. Vn hnh h thng c thc hin t cc client.
D n nhiu my khch (Multi-Client Project)
D n nhiu my khch l mt loi d n m c th truy cp vo nhiu server.
Cc server c lin kt c d n ring ca chng. Cu hnh ca project server c
thc hin trong server hoc trong cc client, cu hnh ca d n multi-client c thc
hin trong d n multi-client.
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Mt server c th truy cp ti a 16 client. Mt d n multi-client c th truy cp
c ti a 6 server. C ngha l d liu ca 6 server c th c gim st v iu
khin trn mt mn hnh ca d n multi-client.
2.3.6 Cc thnh phn c bn trong mt d n WinCC
Computer: qun l tt c cc WorkStatio v Server nm trong Project.
Tag managerment: l khu vc qun l tt c c knh, cc quan h logic, cc
tag process, tag internal v tag groups.
Data type: cha cha cc loi d liu c gn cho cc Tag v cc knh khc.
Editor (cc trnh son tho): cc trnh bin tp c lit k trong vng ny
dng son tho v iu khin mt d n hon chnh bao gm Graphics
System (Graphics Designer) dng lm cc giao din nh, Global Scrips
dng hin th ng cho cc yu cu c bit, cc Message System nh cnh
bo (Alarm Logging), thu thp v lu tr cc gi tr o (Tag Logging), h
thng bo co (Report Designer), giy php s dng (User administration) v
cc Text library. Tt c cc modul ny u thuc h thng WinCC nhng nu
khng cn thit th khng nht thit phi ci t ht.
S dng cc trnh son tho son tho v iu khin mt d n hon chnh.
Cc thnh phn c lit k u l cc trnh son tho chun ca WinCC.
Alarm Logging: m nhn a tin t qu trnh chun b, hin th, nhn, lu tr
nhng tin tc theo mt quy lut.
User Administration: kim tra giy php truy nhp cho cc Group v Server.
Text Library: cha ng cc ngn ng ph thuc vn bn m chng ta to ra.
Report Designier: cung cp mt bo co tng hp m c th dng bo co
nh d liu s dng, cc gi tr hin thi v gi tr ct gi, bn tin hin thi v
bn tin lu tr, v cc vn bn ca bn thn h thng.
Global Scrips: cho php to ra mt d n ng c bit theo yu cu. Trnh
son tho ny cho php ta to ra cc hm ging nh trong ngn ng C v cc
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hnh ng m c th s dng trong sut d n hoc qua nhiu d n ph thuc
trong cng loi .
Tag Logging: o cc gi tr qu trnh, lu tr chng di hn.
Graphics Designer: cung cp cc biu tng ha v ni to thnh qu
trnh.
Trong phn mm WinCC c mt khai nim c bit quan trng m chng ta cn
phi nm vng khi xy dng mt h thng iu khin gim st bng WinCC l khai
nim v Tag v Tag Groug.
nh ngha Tag: Tag l mt thnh phn trung gian cho vic truy nhp cc bin
qu trnh.
Trong mt d n th Tag ch mang mt tn duy nht v mt loi d liu. WinCC
Tag c gn bi cc mi quan h Logic, ci mi lin h c nh r bi knh phn
phi cc gi tr qu trnh ti cc Tag s dng ti cc thi im ni. WinCC Tag cha
trong mt c s d liu ca mt d n rng. Sau khi chy WinCC tt c cc Tag u
c ti vo v tng ng vi cu trc Run-time c dng ln.
Tag Groug dng t chc cc Tag thnh cc cu trc. Tt c cc Tag u c th
c t chc trong cc nhm Tag tng s r rng ca d n.
WinCC Tag m t mt dng d liu thnh phn loi duy nht trong mt d
n v nhng lut cho php truy cp d liu ny.
Ni chung, d liu qun l c s khc nhau gia 2 loi Tag:
Internal Tag (Tag trong):l cc khi nh trong WinCC c phn chia theo
chc nng nh mt PLC. Chng c th c tnh ton v chnh sa trong
WinCC v khng c a ch trn lp PLC.
External Tag (Tag ngoi): gn cc a ch v kt ni trong cc lp PLC.
Trong loi Tag ny c mt khung c bit c gi l Tag d liu th (Raw Data
Tag-RDT). Theo mt quan im chung, d liu th ph hp vi mt dng khung d
liu thng bo trn mc vn chuyn, RDT khng hin th c trong Graphics
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Designer. RDT ch s dng c trong cc ng dng sau ca WinCC: Alarm
Logging, Tag Logging v Global Scrips.
2.4 Cc cng c son tho c bn ca WinCC
2.4.1 Thit k ha ca WinCC (Graphic Designer)
2.4.1.1 Chc nng ca Graphic Designer
c s dng to ra hnh nh qu trnh nn graphic designer c nhng c
trng sau y:
D s dng, d dng ghp ni vi cc cng c ha v cc bng mu ha.
Cho php t cu hnh cc i tng m chng c lin kt vi cc th vin
biu tng.
M ra giao din cho cc ha quan trng v cung cp giao din OLE 2.0.
Tnh cht cu hnh ng ca hnh nh i tng vi s cung cp v tr gip
ca Dynamic Wizard.
Lin kt vi cc chc nng b xung bng cch thnh lp cu hnh Script.
Lin kt vi cc i tng ha do chnh bn to ra.
C kh nng chy di nn Window 95 v WinNT.
2.4.1.2 Cu trc ca Graphic Designer
Trong ca s son tho Graphic Designer bao gm cc cng c h tr vic to
ra cc ng dng ha sau.
Bng ti ra v n bn cc i tng ha:
Colour Palettes (Bng mu).
Object Palettes (Bng i tng).
Style Palettes.
Alignment Palettes (Bng cn chnh).
Zoom Palettes.
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Font Palettes.
Cc bng v cc thanh cng c phc v cho thao tc vi graphic designer:
Menu Bar.
Standard Palettes.
Status Bar.
Layer Bar.
Cc hp thoi phc v t cc thng s v thay i thuc tnh i tng.
Bng mu (Color Palettes):
Gm 16 mu c bn.
S dng i mu ca i tng.
S dng thm vo cc mu ty chn.
Bng i tng: bng ny gm c nhiu i tng c sp xp thnh cc
mc con sau y:
Cc i tng chun (Standard bject) gm cc hnh a gic, ch nht,
elip,
Cc i tng thng minh (Smart Object) gm c cc i tng nhng,
cc trng vo/ra, cc i tng ha, cc cng c hin th, cc i
tng ba chiu,
Cc i tng Window (Window Object) gm c cc Button, Check
Box, Option Group, Slider. y l cc i tng nhm h tr cho
ha.
2.4.1.3 Thit lp mt ca s ha mi
Trong ca s WinCC Explorer, kich p ln Edittor, khi cc thnh phn ca
Edittor s c lit k ra. Vo Graphic Disigner bng cch kch chut phi v chn
Open. Sau khi khi to, trn thanh cng c ca Graphic Disigner chn New.
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2.4.1.4 Cc c tnh ca chy thc ha
Bc ny l cn thit trc khi chy Run-time mt d n. Trong ca s WinCC
Explorer ta kch chut phi ln thnh phn Computer v chn thuc tnh
Properties. Ti y bn s chn ch Run-time theo cc thng tin trn cc Tab.
2.4.1.5 Quan st thuc tnh ca cc i tng to ra trong mn hnh ha
Tt c cc i tng c to ra trong ca s ha u c cc thuc tnh khc
nhau. Mi thuc tnh li c lin kt vi cc Tag (ty theo mc ch c th m c cn
thit lin kt vi cc Tag hay khng) ng thi WinCC cng cho php lin kt ng
cho tng i tng v gn cc hnh ng hay s kin vo cho chng iu khin qu
trnh.
Nu mun thay i hay n bn mt hay nhiu thuc tnh ca mt i tng
ha th ch cn nhy p chut tri ln i tng hoc kch chut phi ln n v khi
menu s ra ta chn Properties. Hp thoi cha cc thng tin v thuc tnh cng nh
cc s kin c th gn cho i tng hin ra ch bn n bn cc thng tin cn thit
lp.
2.4.2 Cc i tng ca WinCC
2.4.2.1 Cc i tng chun (Standard Object)
Ti y c rt nhiu i tng, nhng i tng ny bn c th s dng n mt
cch d dng bng cch nhp, ko vo ca s lm vic ha v c th dng chut
ko thay i kch thc theo mun hoc dng bn phm thay i kch thc.
Cc i tng chun trong WinCC bao gm mt s i tng quan trng sau:
ng thng.
Hnh a gic.
ng gp khc.
Elip.
ng trn.
Hnh ch nht.
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Static text (dng vn bn tnh). thc hin cc dng vn bn, khi chy thc
c th thay i v tr, ni dung ca hp vn bn.
2.4.2.2 Smart Object
ng dng Window (Application Window)
L nhng i tng thng bo h thng (Alarm Logging), lu tr h thng
(Tag Logging), bo co h thng (Print Jobs) cng nh cc ng dng ca Global Scrip.
Application Window m ra nhng ca s ng dng v qun l n hin th v vn
hnh.
Picture Window
L nhng i tng c to ra trong Graphic Disigner. Cc i tng
c t cu hnh theo v tr, kch thc v cc c tnh ng khc. Chng hn mt
c tnh quan trng l truy nhp hnh nh c hin th trong Picture Window bng
cch thay i thuc tnh ng Picture name lc chy thc th ni dung ca ca s c
th chy c thay i theo.
iu khin nhng v lin kt i tng (OLE Control)
S dng OLE Control cung cp cc cng c Window (nh nt bm, hp
la chn). Cc thuc tnh ca n c hin th trong ca s Object Properties v tab
Event. Cc thuc tnh ny c th c n bn trong ca s trn.
i tng lin kt v nhng
Graphic Designer cho php chn cc i tng nhng vo ca s lm vic ca
n. Trong mode cu hnh bn c th n bn mt i tng vi ng dng OLE thch
hp. Sau khi bn hon thnh vic thay i lin kt i tng nhng mt cch cht
ch, bn phi cp nht kin kt bng tay sao cho ph hp vi cc thay i c th
hin. Tuy nhin bn khng c php n bn trong lc chy runtime.
Trng vo/ra (I/O File)
S dng nh mt trng vo hoc mt trng ra hoc nh l mt trng
vo/ra. Cc dng d liu cho php s dng vi I/O File:
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Nh phn (Binary).
H 16 (Hexadeccimal).
H thp phn (Decimal).
Xu k t (String).
Bn cng c th nh r gi tr gii hn, ch nh l trng vo hoc trng ra
hoc trng vo/ra.
Bar
Thuc tnh nhm Smart Object. Thuc tnh ca n nh hng n s xut hin
v tnh nng ca n. N th hin nhng gi tr bng th c quan h vi gii hn cao,
thp hoc hon ton ch l miu t bng ha hoc phi hp th hin nhng gi tr
vi t l do bn nh ngha.
Hin th trng thi (Status Display)
S dng hin th bt k con s ca nhng trng thi khc nhau no. Cho
php th hin ng bng cch ni n vi gi tr ca tt c cc Tag tng ng vi
nhng trng thi khc nhau. Bn c th n nh bt k con s no trong khon t 0 ti
222-1.
Danh sch vn bn (Text List)
S dng Text List a gi tr cho vn bn. N c th s dng nh mt danh
sch vo (Vo l danh sch, ra l gi tr) hoc danh sch ra (Vo l gi tr, ra l vn
bn) hoc phi hp dah sch/vn bn. Dng s liu l thp phn, nh phn hoc bit d
liu u c th s dng.
Loi danh sch Decimal th hin vn bn n nh ti gi tr ra. Khi bn
cho vo mt Text th gi tr c ch nh s c quyn ti qun l d
liu.
Loi danh sch Binary th hin mt vn bn c ch nh ti mt bit ca
gi tr ra nu bit c set (t gi tr ln 0 hoc 1). Trong trng hp ny
ch mt bt ca gi tr ra c set. Vn bn c ch nh ti bit no th bit
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y c a ra. Khi vo mt vn bn, qun l d liu nhn gi tr vo v s
set chnh xc cho bit tng ng vi vn bn vo.
Loi danh sch Bit th hin mt vn bn m n lin quan ti nhng trng
thi ca bit nh ngha trong min gi tr ra.
3D Bar
N th hin nhng gi tr c quan h ha vi mc cao v mc thp. C th
t cu hnh loi th hin 3D theo bt k cch no m bn mun.
Nhm hin th (Group Display)
Cung cp th hin cch quy t theo cp bc ca trng thi hin ti ca nhng
loi thng bo nht nh mc d khng c s lin quan ti thng bo h thng vi
WinCC.
2.4.2.3 Cc i tng ca Window (Window Object)
Nt bm (Button)
S dng iu khin s kin qu trnh. N c hai trng thi n xung v
khng n. Lin kt ti qu trnh bng cch thc hin cc thuc tnh ng tng ng.
Hp chn (Check-Box)
N c s dng khi m bn cn c 1 hay nhiu la chn bng cch kch ln
tng trng hp m bn cn. Cho php lin kt mm do vi qu trnh bng cch thc
hin nhng thuc tnh ng tng ng.
Nhm la chn (Option Group)
Tng t nh Check-Box nhng l la chn n.
Nt trn (Round Button)
L mt cng c ging nh Button phc v cho vn hnh s kin qu trnh.
Slider
L cng c in hnh chuyn ng phc v cho iu khin qu trnh (v d
iu khin nhit , mc nc,...). Phm vi iu khin nm gia gi tr nh nht v gi
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tr ln nht m ta c th t, gi tr t ph thuc vo dng d liu c gn cho
Slider. Bn c th thit lp mt s lin kt ti qu trnh bng cch thc hin nhng
thuc tnh ng tng ng.
2.4.3 H thng lu tr v hin th (Tag Logging)
Tag Logging mang li nhng im ni bt sau y:
Hiu qu v ti u trong vic s dng h thng.
R rng, hiu trong th tc vn hnh.
Tng nng xut.
Tng cht lng sn xut.
2.4.3.1 Chc nng ca Tag Logging
Tag Logging c cha nhng chc nng nhn d liu t qu trnh chp hnh
lu tr v hin th. N c th mang li ngha cng ngh v k thut lin quan ti
trng thi vn hnh ca h thng.
Tag Logging cng nh cc trnh son tho khc c chia ra lm 2 thnh phn:
Cu hnh ca h thng (Tag Logging Cofiguration System/Tag Logging CS).
Tt c cc c tnh cn thit cho lu tr v hin th c gn d liu bng
Tag Logging Configuration System. Nhng c tnh ny phi c to ra v chun
b trc khi khi ng ch thc h thng.
Chy thc h thng (Tag Logging Runtime Tag Logging RT).
Tag Logging Run-Time System chp nhn d liu t v lin kt chng ti
nhng c tnh c ch nh v chun b cho lu tr v hin th.
Cc kiu d liu.
D liu c th c chia thnh cc nhm sau y:
D liu vn hnh (Operating Data).
Phc v c bn cho vic truyn trng thi hin ti, workload,...
Charge Data.
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Labor Data: gm c tt c cc loi d liu c vo bng tay.
Machine Data: cung cp v trng thi my mc.
Process Data: d liu qu trnh.
Quality Data.
Cc phng php lu tr gi tr qu trnh.
D liu qu trnh l nhng gi tr o c thu nhn t cc sensor c bit.
thc hin trong WinCC, vng lu tr hay cc Tag s c gn cho cc d liu ny.
D liu lu tr c iu khin thng qua mt s phi hp gia s kin v s
chu k. Khi t cu hnh ca h thng s xc nh loi d liu no nn lu tr trong
mi ni.
C th la chn mt trong cc phng php lu tr di y:
Gim st Tag theo mt chu k lu tr lin tc-gi tr o.
Chp nhn lu tr khng theo chu k gi tr hin thi.
La chn chu k lu tr lin kt vi iu khin s kin cng vi iu khin
lu tr qua chu k.
Cc bc son tho Tag Logging.
Trong ca s hng ca d n kch p vo Editor hin th danh sch
tt c cc n bn.
Ci t.
Kch chut phi vo nt Tag Logging.
Khi Menu xut hin hy chn Open.
S la chn ny s khi ng Tag Logging v by gi ta c th khi to.
2.4.3.2 Thnh phn c bn ca trnh son tho Tag Logging
Trnh son tho Tag Logging gm c cc thnh phn sau:
Time
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Tag Logging gii thiu 2 loi h thng timer khc nhau:
Timer thu nhn (Acquisition Timer)
L khong thi gian m trong nhng gi tr thi gian ny c sao chp
bi Tag t nh qu trnh ca qun l d liu (Data Manager).
Timer lu tr (Archiving Timer)
L khong thi gian m trong d liu c np vo vng lu tr. Gi
tr sau cng lun c np vo trong mt khong thi gian lu tr. Gi tr u thuc
v khong thi gian trc .
B phn lu tr (Archives)
Th mc lu tr c cha thng s mc nh cho vic to ra mt b phn lu
tr v xc nh cc Tag lin quan trong sut mi quan h gia chng vi qun l d
liu ca Tag.
To ra v son tho mt hay nhiu lu tr c thc hin trong vng t cu
hnh Archive. Ti mt thi im mt lu tr mi cng c np vo d n.
Trong WinCC cho php s dng 3 dng lu tr:
Lu tr gi tr qu trnh (Process Value Archive)
Cc gi tr ca qu trnh c thu nhn v mi trng WinCC x l tnh
ton thng qua mi lin h logic l cc Tag qu trnh. Mi mt thnh phn lu tr
nhn cc Tag ca qun l d liu. Mi lin h gia cc gi tr qu trnh v lu tr c
hnh thnh khi lu tr m bn to ra c ni vi mt Tag.
Lu tr dng nn (Compressed Archive)
Lu tr dng ny nn d liu v phi hp cc s liu mt cch hiu qu.
Theo cch ny cc gi tr o c th c thu thp trc tip v c sao chp (copy)
ngay sau .
Lu tr ca ngi s dng (User Archive)
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Bt k s lng Tag c to ra do ngi s dng u c np vo trong
User Archive. V l do ny m ngi dng c th a vo phng php lm vic hay
phng php thay i sau khi np chng vo trong User Archive v nu cn thit
th thng qua chng lin h ti PLC. Ngoi ra lu tr ca ngi dng (User Archive)
cn c s dng thu nhn Charge Data (l tng hp ca cc thng bo, d liu
qu trnh v cc gi tr t cho mi phn sn phm).
Loi lu tr ny c t chc thnh cc bng ring r trong c s d liu
tr ct u tin ca bng (c cu trc hon ton t do).
Mi lu tr ca ngi dng phi c mt tn ring bit. Truyn thng gia
PLC v WinCC c thc hin do cu trc bc in ph hp vi qui c r rng theo
cu trc ca chng.
Trend ( th)
Chc nng:
th hin trng thi cc Tag, nh Tag Loggig m gi tr ca cc Tag c
th hin bng th. Tag Logging cho php la chn kiu th v c th v th
ca Tag hin thi hoc lu tr gi tr Tag.
Tuy nhin ng dng ca s ny phi c to ra trong Graphic Designer v
c lin kt vi Trend Window Template (mu th) c t cu hnh ca
s Tag Logging.
Phn loi: C 3 loi Trend c th s dng.
Trend v theo cc im ri rc.
Trend tuyn tnh.
Trend tuyn tnh ha theo tng bc nhy.
t cu hnh cho Trend Window Template
To Trend Window Template.
Lin kt Trend vi Trend Window Template.
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t cc thng s tng th cho Trend.
Ni Trend vi Tag c hin th.
t thng s ca trc x,y.
t cc thuc tnh ca Trend
To ca s ng dng trong Graphic Disigner.
Trong Graphic Designer ni ca s ng dng (Aplication window) ti
Trend t cu hnh.
Phm vi ca Trend c th hin
Th hin tnh ca th:
C th cho php th hin th trong mt on thi gian m ta t cho
Trend. Cu hnh ny c t trong X-Axis. Khi th hin tnh th Trend ch th hin
mt on gi tr c ddingj m ta t.
Th hin ng ca th:
Thi im cui ca Trend lun tng ng vi thi gian h thng thi
im hin ti. Vic t cu hnh cho n cng trong X-Axis ca ca s hp thoi
Properties Trend Window Template.
Bng lu tr (Table Window Template)
Thnh phn ny c cu trc gn ging nh Trend nhng hin th gi tr hin
thi ca Tag dng bng. V mt nguyn l m ni th chng khng c g khc nhau, m
ch khc v cch th hin. Tt c vic khi to v t cu hnh l tng t vi Trend.
Chc nng ca n cng ging vi Trend, ngoi vic hin th cn phc v cho
vic in n h thng.
2.4.4 H thng cnh bo (Alarm Logging)
2.4.4.1 Gii thiu chung v h thng cnh bo (Alarm Logging)
Alarm Logging l trnh son tho m nhn a tin t qu trnh chun b, hin
th, nhn, lu tr nhng tin tc theo mt quy lut.
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Cc kh nng chnh ca trnh son tho Alarm Logging:
Cung cp cc thng tin tng th v li v trng thi hot ng ca h thng.
c dng nh v sm cc tnh hung nguy him.
Trnh v gim thi gian cht ca my mc.
Tng thm cht lng.
Cung cp cc ti liu v li v trng thi ca h thng.
Kt qu thng bo qu trnh h thng t vic gim st cc hnh ng trong qu
trnh, trn mc t ng ha, v trong h thng WinCC. Vic ghi cc s kin thng bo
c bo co bng c hnh nh v m thanh. Cng nh trnh son tho Tag Logging.
Vic to ra cc thng bo cng bao gm 2 phn: nh dng (Configuration System) v
chy thi gian thc (Runtime).
Nhim v ca vic nh dng Alarm Logging
S dng vic nh dng nh dng cc thng bo m s xut hin trong lc
chy thi gian thc theo cch m mnh mong mun. Vic nh dng c th n gin
nu ta s dng cng c Wizard m WinCC h tr sn cho vic nh dng cc thng
bo.
Wizard cung cp cc cng c h tr cho vic to cc thng bo c s.
Wizard lm n gin vic ni cc Tag ti cc thng bo qu trnh.
Vi hp thoi c sn lm cho ta c th nh dng vi thng bo cng mt
lc.
Nhim v ca vic chy thi gian thc Alarm Logging
Khi chy thi gian thc Alarm Logging s ghi nhng thng bo v chp nhn
nhng thng bo. N chun b nhng thng bo cho hin th v lu tr.
Sau bn m h thng cu hnh WinCC Alarm, mt ca s son tho c chia
thnh ba khu vc xut hin. Thanh menu c nh v trn cng ca s. N bao gm
nhng menu th xung. Thanh cng c nm di cc menu. Nhng chc nng s
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dng c thnh nhng biu tng trn thanh bng ny. Ca s d n c chia
thnh 3 ca s nh: dn ng, d liu, bng.
Ta c th thay i kch thc ca nhng ca s ny. Pha di ca s cha
thanh trng thi hin th thng tin v qu trnh hin thi.
2.4.4.2 Mt s khi nim trong son tho Alarm Logging
a.
Lu tr
Ph thuc vo lp thng bo, s thay i xut hin trong cc trng thi thng bo
nhm.
Vi thng bo n, mi s kin c gn bng mt thng bo.
Thng bo nhm c s dng tng kt nhiu thng bo n. Nhng s
kin lin kt ti nhng thng bo n ch thc y vic nhm chung cc thng
bo li. Thng bo n m thc y thng bo nhm khng th c xc nh.
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Mt thng bo nhm c th c thit lp nh mi kiu lp v loi thng bo.
Hn na, nhng thng bo nhm c th cng c to ra s dng bt k
nhng thng bo n no.
c.
d.
S kin
Vi nhng s kin, mt s khc nhau gia nhng s kin nh phn v nhng s
Thng bo
Mc ch ca mt thng bo h thng s theo th t thi gian bo hiu v lu tr
nhng s kin ti tm im xut hin khng thng xuyn trong sut qu trnh. Mt
thng bo c th c gy ra bi mt s kin hoc mt khung thng bo.
Ni chung, c 2 loi thng bo hot ng ca h thng l thng bo li v
thng bo h thng. Nhng thng bo hot ng c s dng hin th
trng thi trong qu trnh. Nhng thng bo li c s dng hin th li
trong qu trnh. Nhng thng bo h thng c s dng hin th nhng
thng bo li t nhng ng dng khc.
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Trong Alarm Logging, nhng thng bo vi hnh vi tng t (mu ca nhng
trng thi thng bo) c th c nhm li vo trong nhng kiu lp v loi
thng bo.
f.
Khi thng bo
S thay i trong trng thi ca mt thng bo c hin th trong thi gian thc
hin trong mt hng thng bo. Thng tin s c trnh by trong hng thng bo
c nh ngha s dng nhng khi thng bo. C ba kiu khc nhau:
System blocks: nhng khi h thng (v d nh ngy thng, thi gian, khong
thi gian,...) d dng ghi thng tin c nh ngha trc v khng c s
dng ty thch. Vi nhng khi h thng, gi tr ca khi thng bo (v d nh
thi gian) c hin th trong hng thng bo.
User text blocks: nhng khi vn bn ngi dng c th cho bn gn cho mt
thng bo ln trn ti mi, c s khc nhau l c th nh ngha ty thch
nhng vn bn. Vi nhng khi vn bn ngi dng, ni dung ca khi vn
bn do bn nh ngha v c hin th trong hng thng bo.
Process value blocks: s dng nhng khi gi tr qu trnh, bn c th hin th
gi tr ca cc Tag trong hng thng bo. C th nh ngha c dng s
dng. Vi nhng khi gi tr qu trnh, ni dung ca khi thng bo, gi tr
ca Tag do bn nh ngha v c hin th trong hng thng bo.
h.
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nh dng nhng thng bo v lp thng bo.
Nhp v xut nhng thng bo n.
Ni nhng thng bo ti qu trnh.
nh dng h thng WinCC Alarm Control hin th nhng thng bo khi
chy thi gian thc.
i.
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theo hng. Cc bo co c th in ra d liu dng khi nh dng h thng v cho vic
chy thi gian thc theo cc ng dng sau:
Scripts trong Graphics Designer.
Alarm Logging CS.
Alarm Logging Runtime.
WinCC Explorer.
Global Scripts.
Graphics Designer.
Tag Logging CS.
Tag Logging Runtime.
Text Library.
User Administrator.
Trong trnh son tho ny, ta s dng cc i tng ng in cc d liu, cc
d liu ny c ni ti cc ng dng ca n. Chn d liu u ra ph thuc ng
dng v thc hin khi to ra lp, khi to ra vic in n. Khi bo co, cc i tng ng
lun c cp nht cc gi tr hin thi. Cc i tng h thng v i tng tnh sn
sng cho sp xp cc bo co trc quan. in bo co, ta phi chn thi gian bo co
(chu k cp nht bo co) v mi trng bo co, WinCC a ra cc kh nng la
chn sau:
Vic in bo co c quyt nh bi ngi dng.
Thi gian in c t trc.
In theo chu k.
In ra mn hnh.
In ra my in c chn trc.
In ra file.
In ra vng no ca trang in.
GVHD: Ths.Bi Thc Minh
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t cu hnh trang in.
M trnh son tho report, ta s dng cc cng c h tr thit k trang bo co
theo yu cu cng vic nhu cc i tng tnh, ng, h thng cc cng c ha,
thanh menu,... Cch lm cng ging nh trong Graphics Designer. Trong trong mt
trang bo co bao gm 2 phn: phn tnh l phn m ti cc trang u a ra ging
nhau nh cc tiu , hnh nh,... v phn ng l phn hin th cc d liu m cn bo
co m ta t bng cc i tng ng. Sau khi t xong cu hnh ta t cc thuc tnh
cho trang bo co nh kh giy, cn l,...sau ghi li vi phn m rng *.rpl.
t tham s in.
in c bo co lc chy thi gian thc th ta phi t tham s cho phn in
theo cc bc sau:
Trong ca s WinCC Explorer, nhp p chut vo dng report designer,
chn new printfjob. Sau khi hp toi xut hin nhp tn ca bo co, chn lp
bo co nh dng trn.
Trn hp thoai nh du vo mc Start time trong hp checkbox.
Chn my in t danh sach th xung.
Nhn Ok kt thc.
2.5 Hm trong WinCC
Trong d n WinCC, cc thnh phn ca qu trnh lun lun c lin quan v ph
thuc ln nhau, mi thnh phn c chc nng ring m chng ta phi to ra theo yu
cu cng vic hin th cc gi tr ca bin qu trnh, cc nt n vi cc chc nng khc
nhau, vic in n cc bo co trng thi h thng. to ra cc chc nng ny, WinCC
h tr cc hn khc nhau m ngi lp trnh c th s dng nh dng h thng.
Tuy nhin ta c th vit cc hm ring to ra cho cc yu cu khc m WinCC
khng h tr bng trnh son tho Global Scrip, sau c th dng cc hm m mnh
to ra c th s dng nhiu ln hoc nhiu d n ph thuc cng loi.
2.5.1 Nhm hm chun (Standard Function)
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a.
b.
c.
Nhm hm WinCC
OnErrorExecute: dng c li khi chy thi gian thc.
d.
Nhm hm Windows
ProgramExecute: dng gi cc trnh ng dng khc khi chy thi gian thc.
Tham s gi hm l cc chng trnh ng dng chy trn nn Windows c
phn m rng l *.exe.
e.
f.
g.
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2.5.2 Nhm hm trong (Internal Function)
a.
Nhm hm c gi tr Tag
GetTagBit: c ni dung ca Tag c dng d liu l Binary.
GetTagByte: c ni dung ca Tag c dng d liu l 1 Byte.
GetTagWord: c ni dung ca Tag c dng d liu l 1 t.
GetTagChar: c ni dung ca Tag c dng d liu k t.
GetTagDouble: c ni dung ca Tag c dng d liu s double.
GetTagFloat: c ni dung ca Tag c dng d liu s thc.
b.
c.
Nhm hm Graphics
Nhm hm gn cc gi tr cho cc thuc tnh ca i tng ha.
Nhm hm c gi tr cc thuc tnh ca cc i tng ha.
d.
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hm c kit k trong ca s. Sau xut hin hp thoi cho ta chn cc tham s v
n nt finish kt thc lc ny i tng c gn hm m ta khng cn phi gi
hm v bin dch khi gn hm cho i tng.
2.6 Truyn thng trong WinCC
Truyn thng l thut ng dng m t s truyn d liu gia hai i tc truyn
thng. D liu c truyn c th phc v nhiu mc ch khc nhau. Trong trng
hp gia PC v PLC d liu c s dng :
iu khin i tc truyn thng.
Hin th trng thi ca i tc truyn thng.
Bo co cc trng thi bt thng ca i tc truyn thng.
Lu tr.
Trong cng nghip, ty theo yu cu cc mng khc nhau c sn cho vic phc
v truyn thng cng nghip, cc loi mng sau c lit k theo th t tng dn v
quy m v phm vi s dng ty thuc bi ton truyn thng:
MPI.
Profibus.
Industrial Ethernet.
Mng MPI
MPI (giao din a im) thch hp cho nhng mng kch thc nh. N c th
ch c s dng phi hp vi Simatic S7. Mng MPI s dng giao din MPI ca card
x l trung tm PLCs cho truyn thng. Giao din ny c thit k nh mt giao
din lp trnh v nhanh chng t n nhng gii hn thc hin ca n vi yu cu
truyn thng ngy cng tng. Mt PC c th truy nhp mng MPI bng mt card MPI
c ci. Nhng b x l truyn thng cung cp s truy nhp ti Profibus c th cng
c s dng.
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Mng Profibus
Profibus l mt mng c thit k cho mc v trng. N l mt mng m,
sn xut h thng truyn thng c lp. Profibus c s dng chuyn s lng d
liu t nh ti va nhng gia mt s i tc truyn thng. Vi giao thc DP, Profibus
c s dng cho truyn thng ti nhng thit b trng thng minh. Kiu truyn
thng ny c c im truyn d liu nhanh, theo chu k.
Mng Etherner cng nghip
Ethernet cng nghip l mt tch hp cho mc qun l. N c s dng
chuyn nhng s lng ln d liu qua nhng khong cch di gia mt s ln c
trm. Ethernet cng nghip l mng mnh nht sn sng cho truyn thng cng nghip.
N c th c nh hnh v m rng d dng m khng cn cng sc ln.
2.6.1 Truyn thng trn mng MPI
2.6.1.1 B x l truyn thng
thc hin kt ni truyn thng vi mng MPI, trm WinCC phi c b x l
truyn thng thch hp. B x l truyn thng ny cng c th x kt ni truyn
thng vi mng Prafibus. Theo bng di y nhng b x l truyn thng c sn cho
vic kt ni gia trm WinCC vi mng MPI v nhng phn mm iu khin s dng
cho n.
Bng 2.2 B x l truyn thng
Communication Processor
Configuration/Type
Driver Software
CP 5412 A2
ISA Card/Hardnet
PB S7-5412
CP 5613
PCI Card/Hardnet
PB S7-5613
CP 5511
PCMCIA Card/Softnet
S7-DOS
CP 5611
PCI Card/Softnet
S7-DOS
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Trnh iu khin truyn thng SIMATIC S7 PROTOCOL SUITE cung cp vic
truyn thng ti cc PLC SIMATIC S7-300 v S7-400 x dng cc knh truyn thng
khc nhau. Trong s c sn mt knh MPI truyn thng qua n.
2.6.1.2 i tc truyn thng
Trnh iu khin truyn thng SIMATIC S7 PROTOCOL SUITE cho php
truyn thng ti PLC SIMATIC S7-300 v S7-400. Theo hnh minh ha di y cho
bit cc i tc truyn thng c th ca knh MPI.
(Communication Processor)
29 (6)
Hardnet Modul
29 4)
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2.6.2 Truyn thng trn mng PROFIBUS
2.6.2.1 B x l truyn thng
thc hin kt ni truyn thng vi mng PROFIBUS, trm WinCC phi c b
x l truyn thng thch hp v mt phn mm iu khin (driver software) ph hp
c ci cho giao thc truyn thng mong mun. C hai loi x l truyn thng c sn
cho WinCC. l ca Hardnet v Softnet. S khc nhau ch yu gia hai module ny
l, module Hardnet c tch hp b vi x l trong n nn lm gim ti CPU ca my
tnh, cn Sofnet th khng c.
Hardnet
Ton b phn mm giao thc chy trn module.
C th ng thi hot ng hai giao thc trn n (multi-prtocol openration).
Module ny mnh hn module Sofnet.
Sofnet
Ton b phn mm giao thc chy trong CPU ca my tnh.
Ch c th hot ng giao thc ti mt thi im (single-protocol operation).
Gi thnh ca module ny r hn module Hardnet.
Theo bng di y nhng b x l truyn thng c sn cho php kt ni vi
mt trm WinCC.
Bng 2.4 B x l truyn thng c sn cho php kt ni trm WinCC
B x l truyn thng
Configuration
Loi
CP 5412 A2
ISA Card
Hardnet
CP 5613
PCI Card
Hardnet
CP 5511
PCMCIA Card
Softnet
CP 5611
PCI Card
Softnet
(Communication Processor)
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2.6.2.2 Trnh iu khin truyn thng (Communication Driver)
Trong WinCC, c nhiu trnh iu khin truyn thng c sn cho php truyn
thng thng qua mng PROFIBUS.
Giao thc truyn thng
Cc trnh iu khin truyn thng c sn cho PROFIBUS thc hin truyn
thng thng qua mt giao thc truyn thng no . Theo bng ch ra di y cho
bit giao thc truyn thng cho cc trnh iu khin truyn thng ca n.
Bng 2.5 Giao thc truyn thng cho cc trnh iu khin
Trnh iu khin truyn thng
Protocol
(Communication Driver)
SIMATIC S7 PROTOCOL SUITE
S7-Functions
(PROFIBUS)
SIMATIC S5 PMC PROFIBUS
S5-PMC
FDL
PROFIBUS FMS
FMS
PROFIBUS DP
DP
Kt ni truyn thng
Theo bng di y s lng cc kt ni truyn thng c th c lin kt bi
mt trnh iu khin no .
Bng 2.6 S lng cc kt ni truyn thng
Trnh iu khin truyn thng
S cc kt ni cho mt knh
S lng knh
(Communication driver)
(Channel units)
S7 PROFIBUS
59
S5 PMC PROFIBUS
24
S5 PROFIBUS FDL
24
PROFIBUS FMS
32
PROFIBUS DP
62
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2.6.2.3 PROFIBUS DP
Thng qua trnh iu khin truyn thng PROFIBUS DP, mt trm WinCC c
th truyn thng vi tt c cc PLC v cc thit b trng, cc thit b ny c th c
hot ng nh cc DP slave. ng dng trnh iu khin truyn thng PROFIBUS DP
trong WinCC s cho kh nng lm vic tt, nu c mt lng nh d liu truyn thng
ti mt s lng ln cc thit b cp di. C th cp nht Tag rt nhanh ngay c khi
d liu b phn tn.
i tc truyn thng
Thng qua cc trnh iu khin truyn thng PROFIBUS DP, c th lin kt
truyn thng vi tt c cc PLC v cc thit b trng, cc thit b ny c th c
hot ng nh cc DP slave. Theo s m t ca hnh di cho bit nhng i tc
truyn thng c th.
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Yu cu phn mm
Bng sau s cho ta bit danh sch cc phn mm thc hin lin kt truyn
thng ca trm WinCC thng qua PRIFIBUS DP.
Bng 2.7 Danh sch phn mm lin kt truyn thng trm WinCC thng qua
PRIFIBUS DP
Tn
M t
Trnh iu khin truyn thng (Communication Drive)
WinCC
PROFIBUS DP
SIMATIC NET
39
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Phn mm truyn thng
Nhng phn mm i hi cho vic thc hin kt ni truyn thng ca mt trm
WinCC thng qua PROFIBUS FMS.
Bng 2.8 Danh sch phn mm lin kt truyn thng trm WinCC thng qua
PROFIBUS FMS
Name
WinCC
SIMATIC
NET
Description
Communication Driver PROFIBUS FMS
Driver Software PB FMS-5412
Configuration Software COM PROFIBUS
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CHNG 3: THIT B LP TRNH PLC S7-200 CPU22X (SIEMENS)
3.1 Gii thiu tng qut v h PLC S7
Thit b iu khin logic kh trnh PLC (Programable Logic Controler) l thit b
iu khin c bit d trn b vi x l, s dng b nh lp trnh c lu tr cc
lnh, thc hin cc chc nng v thut ton iu khin my v cc qu trnh.
H PLC S7 l l mt hc PLC mnh, tc x l cao, kh nng qun l b
nh tt, kt ni mng cng nghip.
Hin nay h PLC S7 gm c S7-200, S7-300, S7-400.
Mi mt th h PLC li c nhiu chng loi CPU khc nhau.
i vi PLC S7, c th thc hin cc php ton Logic, m, nh thi, cc
thc ton phc tp v thc hin truyn thng vi cc thit b khc.
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Bng 3.1 Mt s thng s k thut ca S7-200 CPU22X
B nh chng
trnh
B nh d liu
CPU221
CPU222
CPU224
CPU226
CPU226XM
2048W
2048W
4096W
4096W
8192W
1024W
1024W
2560W
2560W
5120W
50 gi
50 gi
190 gi
190 gi
190 gi
6In/4Out
8In/6Out
14In/Out
24In/16Out
24In/16Out
Cartrige
Cartrige
Tch hp
Tch hp
Tch hp
Kh nng d
phng b nh khi
mt ngun
I/O a ch
ng h thi gian
thc
Kch thc b m
Tc thc hin
0.37us/lnh
lnh logic
42
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Vng nh Timer: T0 T225.
Vng nh Counter: C0 C225.
Vng nh b m tc cao: HC0 HC5.
Vng nh trng thi (logic tun t): S0.0 S31.7.
Vng nh thanh ghi tng: AC0 AC3.
Kh nng qun l Label: 0 255.
Kh nng qun l chng trnh con: 0 63.
Kh nng m rng chng trnh ngt: 0 127.
3.2.2 Cu hnh vo ra ca S7-200 CPU22X AC/DC/RELAY
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Bng 3.2 Cc module m rng ca S7-200 CPU224
Tn module m rng
Kiu
Module s
u vo
8DI (VDC)
8DI (VAC)
u ra
8DO (VDC)
8DO (VAC)
8DO (Relay)
Kt hp
4DI/4DO
8DI/8DO
16DI/16DO
4DI/4DO(Relay)
8DI/8DO(Relay)
16DI/16DO(Relay)
Module tng t
u vo
4AI
u ra
2AO
Kt hp
4AI/1AO
V tr
4AI(Thermocoupler) 2AI(RTD)
Modem
PROFIBUS-DP
AS-Interface
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M t cc n bo trn CPU 224.
SF (n ): n SF bo hiu h thng b li. n SF sng ln khi PLC
c li.
RUN (n xanh): PLC ang lm vic v thc hin chng trnh c np
vo trong b nh chng trnh.
STOP (n vng): PLC ang ch dng.
I.x.x (n xanh): Ch nh trng thi mc logic tc thi ca cng vo.
Q.x.x (n xanh): Ch nh trng thi mc logic tc thi ca cng ra.
Chn ch lm vic trn CPU 224.
RUN: Cho php PLC thc hin chng trnh trong b nh. PLC S7 200
chuyn sang ch STOP khi CPU c s c hoc gp lnh STOP.
STOP: Cng bc PLC dng chng trnh ang chy v chuyn sang ch
STOP. V ch STOP cho php PLC hiu chnh, np, xa mt
chng trnh.
TERM: Cho php ngi dng t my tnh quyt nh chn mt trong hai
ch lm vic cho PLC.
3.2.4 Khi truyn thng
S7-200 s dng cng truyn thng ni tip RS 485 phc v vic ghp ni vi
thit b lp trnh hoc cc trm PLC khc. Tc truyn cho my lp trnh kiu PPI l
9.6 kbps, tc truyn cung cp ca PLC theo kiu t do l 300 baud n 38400 baud.
Giao tip PLC 200 vi PC thng qua cng RS 232 cn c cp ni PC/PPI vi
b chuyn i RS232/RS485 v qua cng USB dng cp USB/PPI.
3.2.5 Card nh, pin, clock
S7 200 cung cp nhiu bin php m bo cho chng trnh ngi dng, d
liu khng b mt i khi mt ngun in. V d CPU 224 khong 100 gi. Vng nh
EEPROM cho php lu chng trnh, cc vng nh c ngi dng chn cha vo
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EEPROM v cu hnh d liu. Cho php gn thm Pin nui Ram, cho php ko di
thi gian lu tr d liu, c th ln ti 200 gi khi mt ngun in.
Card nh: c s dng lu tr chng trnh. Chng trnh cha trong
card nh bao gm: program block, data block, system block, cng thc, d
liu o, v cc gi tr cng bc.
Card pin: Dng tng thi gian lu tr cc d liu trong b nh. Ngun pin
c t ng chuyn sang khi t trong PLC x ht. V c th ln ti 200 ngy.
Card block/ Battery module: ng h thi gian thc cho CPU v ngun pin
nui ng h v lu d liu.
3.2.6 Kt ni ngoi vi vi PC
i vi cc thit b lp trnh ca hng Siemens c cc cng giao tip PPI th kt
ni trc tip vi my tnh thng qua mt si cp. Tuy nhin i vi my tnh c nhn
cn thit phi c cp chuyn i PC/PPI. C hai loi cp chuyn i l cp RS232/PPI
Multi-Master, cp USB/ PPI Multi Master.
a.
Cp RS232/PPI Multi-Master
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Ty theo tc truyn gia my tnh v CPU m cc cng tc 1, 2, 3 c
v tr thch hp. Thng thng i vi CPU 22X th tc truyn thng t l
9.6kbaud (tc cng tc 1,2,3 c t theo th t 010).
Ty theo truyn thng 10bit hay 11bit m cng tc 7 c t v tr thch
hp. Khi kt ni bnh thng vi my tnh th cng tc 7 chn ch truyn
thng 11bit (cng tc 7 t v tr 0).
Cng tc 6 cp RS232/PPI Multi-Master c s dng kt ni port truyn
thng RS232 ca 1 modem vi S7-200 CPU. Khi kt ni bnh thng vi my
tnh th cng tc 6 c t v tr Data Communication Equipment (DCE)
(cng tc 6 v tr 0). Khi kt ni cp PC/ PPI vi mt modem th port RS232
ca cp PC/PPI c t v tr Data Teminal Equipment (DTE) (cng tc 6
v tr 1).
Cng tc 5 c s dng t cp RS232/PPI Multi-Master thay th cp
PC/PPI hoc hot ng ch Freeport th t ch PPI/Freeport (cng
tc 5 v tr 0). Nu kt ni bnh thng l PPI (master) vi phn mm
Microwin Step 7 V3.2 SP4 hoc cao hn th t ch PPI (cng tc 5 v
tr 1).
47
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b.
48
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a)
c d liu u vo:
c cc trng thi vt l (Input) vo b m o (IR Input Register).
b)
d)
T chun on li:
CPU kim tra li ca h iu hnh trong ROM, cc vng nh v cc trng thi
Xut kt qu u ra:
CPU c kt qu t OR, v xut kt qu ra cc cng vt l.
Mt s lu :
u vo s
Nu khng dng tnh nng I (Immediately) th d liu u vo c cp
nht ti b m o.
Nu dng tnh nng ny, chng trnh b qua b m o.
u vo tng t
Nu b qua tnh nng lc tng t, th chng trnh s ly trc tip d liu
ti cng vt l.
Nu dng tnh nng ny, th chng trnh s c cc gi tr c lu li.
49
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M t vng qut:
Read Inputs
Execute Program
(c tn hiu ng vo)
Update Outputs
Diagnnostics Communicaitons
50
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3.3.2 Truy cp d liu ti cc vng nh ca S7-200
3.3.2.1 Truy cp d liu trc tip
a.
Truy cp theo bt
1 2
.4
1
a ch theo bit
2 3
5 6
7 8
Byte 0
Byte 1
Byte 2
Byte 3
Byte 4
a ch byte nh
Byte 5
Tn vng nh
b.
Kiu truy cp
a ch byte
MSB
VB100
c.
Tn vng nh
LSB
VB100
15
LSB
VB100
8 7
VB101
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d.
VD100
31
LSB
VB100
23
VB101
16 15
VB102
VB103 0
Vng m o u vo (I;I0.0-I15.7)
CPU s truy cp cc u vo vt l ti u mi chu k qut v ghi d liu vo
b m o.
nh dng truy cp:
b.
Bit:
I0.1
IB4
Vng m u o ra (Q;Q0.0-Q15.7)
Cui mi chu k qut, CPU S7-200 s truy cp d liu t b m o xut ra
cc u ra vt l.
nh dng truy cp:
c.
Bit:
Q1.1
QB5
V10.2
VW100
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d.
Vng nh bt (M;M0.0-M31.7)
Vng nh ny thng lu cc kt qu trung gian ca mt thao tc hoc cc
thng tin iu khin khc.
nh dng truy cp:
Bit:
M26.7
MD20
f.
HC1
T[timer number]
T24
Ty theo lnh s dng trong chng trnh m cho php ta truy cp theo Timer
bit hay Current value.
g.
Vng nh b m (C;C0-C225)
Vng nh ny dng cho cc b m ca S7-200. i vi mt b Counter c
hai hnh thc truy cp vng nh, truy cp theo Counter bit hoc Current value.
nh dng truy cp:
Format:
C[counter number]
C24
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Ty theo lnh s dng trong chng trnh m cho php ta truy cp theo
Counter bit hay Current value.
h.
i.
AC[accumulator numbet]
AC0
j.
Bit:
S3.1
SB4
k.
AIW4
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nh dng truy cp:
Format:
AQW4
Con tr (Pointer)
L mt nh c kch thc mt t kp (double word) cha a ch ca mt nh
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Nu truy cp theo byte: Tng ni dung con tr ln 1.
Nu truy cp theo word: Tng ni dung con tr ln 2.
Nu truy cp theo double word: Tng ni dung con tr ln 4.
3.3.2.4 La chn ngn ng lp trnh
Trong S7-200 cho php la chn 3 ngn ng lp trnh:
Ngn ng LADDER (LAD).
Ngn ng STL.
Ngn ng FBD.
Ba ngn ng ny v mt hnh thc c th chuyn i ln cho nhau. Vic la chn
ngn ng lp trnh l ty theo thi quen, s thch cng nh kinh nghim ca ngi s
dng.
a.
Ngn ng LADDER
L ngn ng lp trnh ha da trn c s s trang b in, vic kt ni
lp trnh ha ging vi vic thit lp cc s relay-contactor. Mt chng
trnh ngun vit bng LAD c t chc thnh cc network, mi network thc
hin mt cng vic nh.
S7-200 c chng trnh t trn xung di, t tri qua phi, sau lp li
vng qut tip theo.
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b.
Ngn ng STL
L ngn ng lp trnh di dng Text gn ging vi ngn ng lp trnh trong
vi iu khin v vi x l, l mt ngn ng mnh cho php to ra mt chng
trnh m LAD v FBD rt kh to ra. Mt chng trnh vit di dng STL
c t chc thnh cc network, mi network thc hin mt cng vic nh.
S7-200 c chng trnh t trn xung di, sau lp li vng qut tip
theo.
Ngn ng FBD
L ngn ng lp trnh ha da trn c s kt ni cc khi hm, s dng cc
k hiu logic ging vi i s boolean. Cc hm ton hc phc tp cng c
th hin di dng khi vi cc u vo u ra thch hp.
S7-200 c chng trnh t trn xung di, t tri qua phi, sau lp li
vng qut tip theo.
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CHNG 4: KT NI V IU KHIN GIA WINCC V PLC
S7-200 PC ACCESS c dng trong lun vn ny vi mc ch kt ni gia
S7-200 v WinCC, lm c iu ny ta tm hiu cch ci t v s dng ca n
di y.
4.1 Ci t S7-200 PC Access
Cc bc thc hin:
Ti th mc cha chng trnh ci t. Chn file Setup, ri nhp i chy
chng trnh.
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Vt sng xut hin lan dn t tri sang phi cho bit qu trnh ci t ang tin
hnh.
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4.2 Cch s dng S7-200 PC Access
4.2.1 To s kt ni cho mt PLC
Trong S7-200 PC Access vi tr gip OPC bao gm 3 bin i tng:
PLC.
Folder (khng cn thit).
Item.
Khi to mt d n mi, vic kt ni PLC phi c lm trc vi hai bc sau:
4.2.1.1 Thit lp cu hnh giao tip
Khi ng S7-200 PC Access, t thanh Taskbar chn Start > Simatic > S7-200
PC Access.
M mt d n mi, chn File > New, ca s Unititled-S7-200 PC Access xut
hin.
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4.2.1.2 Thit lp cu hnh mi cho mt PLC
Trn ca s lm vic ca S7-200 PC Access, nhp phi Microwin chn New
PLC.
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4.2.2 To mc Item
Nhp phi vo mc PLC chn New, ri chn item.
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4.2.3 Chy th, kim tra
Nhp chn Status > Start test Client.
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CHNG 5: NG DNG IU KHIN V GIM ST H THNG
5.1 Yu cu cng ngh
Qui trnh hot ng
Nhn nt START, khi ng h thng.
Khi c ngi hay xe vo/ra th CB1 pht hin tc ng khi ng ng c ko
ca ln, n khi ht gp cm bin bo ca m ht CB2 th dng ng c sau 10s th
ng ca li, n khi ca ng ht cm bin CB3 bo th ngng ng c.
Mun dng h thng th nhn nt STOP.
5.2
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5.2.2 Khai bo thit b ng vo ra
Bng 5.1 Khai bo bin vo ra
K hiu
Tn hiu
a ch
Ch thch
1 Start
I0.0
u vo
Khi ng h thng
2 Stop
I0.1
u vo
Nt dng h thng
3 S1
I0.2
u vo
Cm bin bo m ht ca
4 S2
I0.3
u vo
Cm bin bo ca ng
5 S3
I0.4
u vo
6 Open
Q0.1
u ra
M ca
7 Close
Q0.2
u ra
ng ca
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5.2.3 S thut ton
Begin
Kim tra
I0.0=1
Kim tra
I0.4=1
M ca
Q0.0=1
ng ca
Q0.2=1
CTHT 1
I0.2=1
CTHT 2
I0.3=1
M ca
Q0.1=0
ng ca
Q0.2=0
T37=10s
Kim tra
I0.1=1
End.
Hnh 5.2 S gii thut
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5.2.4 Mch lp trnh LAD vi S7-200
Khi ng STEP S7-200: trn thanh Taskbar chn Start > MIMATIC > Step 7Microwin 32, tin hnh thit k.
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Sau khi thit k mch iu khin xong, ta kim tra li (plc > compile khi gc
tri pha di mn hnh c ch 0 errors l c), ri lu li vi tn
DONGCUAKEOTUDONG, tip theo tin hnh m phng kim tra hot ng ca
mch.
Trc tin ta cn chn loi CPU m ta cn kt ni m phng: t bn tri ca
ca s thit k nhp phi vo tn m ta va lu chn Type > PLC Type > CPU ??? >
OK.
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5.3 Thit k to kt ni trn S7-200 PC Access
Khi ng S7-200 PC Access, trn thanh Taskbar chn Star > Simatic > S7-200
PC Access > S7-200, ca s mi xut hin nhp chut phi vo MicroWin chn New
PLC.
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Hp thoi Item xut hin, mc Name nhp vo Start, mc Address nhp vo
gi tr M0.0 ri chn OK.
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Hp thoai WinCC Explorer xut hin, nhp ty chn mc Single User Project
ri
nhp
OK.
Bng
Create
new
project
xut
hin,
nhp
tn
Hnh 5.13 To d n mi
Lc ny khung bn tri ca s WinCC Explore xut hin d n
DONGCUAKEOTUDONG. Sau nhp phi vo mc Tag Management chn Add
New Driver.
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Mn hnh OPC Item manager xut hin.
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Hnh 5.21 t tn kt ni
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Sau chn OK cho vic chp nhn s la chn ny. Sau chn S7-200.OPC
Sever ri chn Finish.
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5.4.2 Xy dng m hnh gim st
Trong ca s WinCCExplorer, nhp phi vo mc Graphics Designer chn New
picture.
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ly ng c ko ca, chn PlantElements > Motors > Motor004.
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5.4.3 Thit lp thuc tnh cho cc i tng
5.4.3.1 Thit lp thuc tnh cho ng c ko ca
Nhp phi vo ng c, chn Properties, hp thoi Object Properties xut hin,
chn thuc tnh nhp nhy Flashing. Trong khung bn phi nhp p vo mc
Flashing Background Active chuyn No thnh Yes, sau nhp phi vo biu
tng bng n, chn Tag.
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Tr li hp thoi Object Properties, biu tng bng n chuyn sang mu
xanh chng t vic kt ni Tag thnh cng, nhp phi vo 2s ri chn Upon
change.
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KT LUN V KIN NGH
Kt lun:
Nghin cu cc phn mm Step 7 MicroWIN V4.0, PC Access V1.0, WinCC
V7.0.
Tng hp cc phn mm trn thc hin m phng.
Thit k c m hnh ca t ng c iu khin v gim st trn WinCC.
Kin ngh:
Vi nhng thnh qu t c trong qu trnh nghin cu v hon thnh n
em mong rng vi ti ca em c th c s dng trong phng thc hnh in ca
b mn gip sinh vin trong qu trnh thc hnh c th tham kho v pht trin hn
na.
Vi kt qu t c sau khi hon thnh n, khng ch dng li vic thit k
m hnh ng ca em thy rng ti cn c th pht trin c thm rt nhiu theo
cc hng nh: iu khin h thng in, l nung, bng chuyn sn xut,...phc v
trong i sng v cng nghip. Pht trin ng dng bng cch nng cao h thng
chng trnh ln S7-300 v S7-400 l nhng thit b iu khin lp trnh mnh nht
ca SIEMENT cho n thi im hin nay.
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Ti liu tham kho
[1] PGS. TS Trn Thu H, KS. Phm Quang Huy (2011), T ng ha vi WinCC,
Nh xut bn Hng c.
[2] PGS. TS Trn Thu H, KS. Phm Quang Huy (2008), Lp trnh vi S7 v WinCC,
Nh xut bn Giao Thng.
[3] http://tailieu.vn/xem-tai-lieu/giang-day-wincc.487703.html truy cp cui cng
ngy 10/05/2012.
[4]
http://www.dientuvietnam.net/forums/lap-trinh-plc-va-ung-dung-65/ket-noi-plc-
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PH LC
Ph lc 1: cm bin PIR (Passive InfraRed sensor)
Cuc sng ca chng ta tn ti trong cng lc vi nhiu thc th vt l, nhng
th chng ta nhn bit c nh l cc vn ng c hc, tc dng ca nhit (nhn bit
qua lp da), ca nh sng (nhn bit qua mt), ca m thanh (nhn bit qua tai), ca
mi (nhn bit qua mi), ca v (nhn bit qua li), v nht l ca in. Hin nay,
in t hc l mt cng c phc v con ngi nhiu nht, chng ta c radio, cassette,
TV, my ghi hnh, my tnh....u im ca cc thit b in l x l cc vn rt
nhanh, nhng cc thit b in th li ch lm vic vi tn hiu thuc in, m chung
quanh chng ta khng phi ch c cc hin tng thuc in m song song cn rt
nhiu hin tng phi in khc ang tn ti, t ngi ta ngh n cc SENSOR.
Sensor l cc cm bin, n dng chuyn i cc tn hiu khng thuc in ra dng
tn hiu in v a vo cc dng mch in x l. Ngy nay c rt nhiu, rt nhiu
loi SENSOR. Trong ln ny, chng ta s tm hiu loi sensor dng pht hin cc vt
th nng c chuyn ng ngang, quen gi l PIR moton detector.
PIR l g?
N l ch vit tt ca Passive InfraRed sensor (PIR sensor), tc l b cm bin
th ng dng ngun kch thch l tia hng ngoi. Tia hng ngoi (IR) chnh l cc tia
nhit pht ra t cc vt th nng. Trong cc c th sng, trong chng ta lun c thn
nhit (thng thng l 37 C), v t c th chng ta s lun pht ra cc tia nhit,
hay cn gi l cc tia hng ngoi, ngi ta s dng mt t bo in chuyn i tia
nhit ra dng tn hiu in v nh m c th lm ra cm bin pht hin cc vt th
nng ang chuyn ng. Cm bin ny gi l th ng v n khng dng ngun nhit
t pht (lm ngun tch cc, hay ch ng) m ch ph thuc vo cc ngun tha nhit,
l thn nhit ca cc thc th khc, nh con ngi con vt...
Trc ht, chng ta tm hiu cu trc ca mt cm bin PIR
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Nguyn l lm vic ca loi u d PIR nh hnh sau:
Cc ngun nhit (vi ngi v con vt l ngun thn nhit) u pht ra tia hng
ngoi, qua knh Fresnel, qua kch lc ly tia hng ngoi, n c cho tiu t trn 2
cm bin hng ngoi gn trong u d, v to ra in p c khuch i vi transistor
FET. Khi c mt vt nng i ngang qua, t 2 cm bin ny s cho xut hin 2 tn hiu
v tn hiu ny s c khuch i c bin cao v a vo mch so p tc
ng vo mt thit b iu khin hay bo ng.
Hnh 1.3 Nguyn l pht hin chuyn ng ngang ca cc ngun thn nhit
Hnh v cho thy 2 vng cm ng nhy cm tng ng vi 2 cm bin trong u
d. Khi c mt con vt i ngang, t thn con vt s lun pht ra tia nhit, n c tiu
t mnh vi knh Fresnel v ri tiu t trn bia l cm bin hng ngoi, vy khi con vt
i ngang, ng ra ca u d chng ta s thy. xut hin mt tn hiu, tn hiu ny s
c cho vo mch x l to tc dng iu khin hay bo ng.
Bn xem hnh ng sau y dng din t nguyn l lm vic ca u d PIR i
vi ngi qua li:
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L thuyt chung v tia nhit:
Mi vt th u c cu to t cc phn t nh li ti, nhit l mt dng nng
lng to ra t cc giao ng ca cc phn t l cc chuyn ng hn lon, khng
trt t. T cc giao ng ny, n pht ra cc tia nhit, bng cm gic thng thng ca
gic quan, con ngi chng ta ni l sc nng. mi ngi ngun thn nhit
thng c iu n mc 37 C, l ngun nhit m ai cng c v nu dng linh
kin cm ng thn nhit, chng ta s c thit b pht hin ra ngi, chnh l tng
m ngi ta ch ra thit b motion detector, iu khin theo ngun thn nhit chuyn
ng.
Hnh v sau y cho thy vt liu nhm pyroelectric c dng lm cm bin d
tia nhit.
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ra tn hiu in. S xut hin ca 2 tn hiu ny cho nhn bit l c mt ngun nhit
di ng ngang v mch in t s pht ra tn hiu iu khin. Tn hiu ny c th dng
tt m n hay dng bo ng khi c k l vo nh.
By gi hy ni n thit b tiu t gm tia nhit ri trn b mt cm ng PIR:
Chng ta bit cc tia nhit pht ra t thn th ngi rt yu v rt phn tn,
tng nhy phi dng knh c mt knh li to chc nng tiu t, quen gi l kinh
Focus, hnh ng di y cho thy cc mt sng ca cc tia sng khi i qua mt mt
knh li c cho gm li ti mt im nh, im gi l tiu im.
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Cho php tch chn cc chng trnh ci t cn thit i vi ngi dng
trong phn mm. Sau chn Next.
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Kt thc qu trnh ci t.
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Nhp chn OK.
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Nhp chn driver cho kt ni sau ny.
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3.2 Hng dn s dng phn mm
3.2.1 Cc thanh chc nng
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Network Title: u cho network
Network Comment: Ch thch cho network.
Bao gm cc chng trnh: Main (chng trnh chnh), Sub (chng trnh
con), Int (chng trnh ngt).
Main: L khi chng trnh chnh OB1, cha cc lnh iu khin chng
trnh. V chng trnh ng dng cc lnh c x l ln lt mi vng
qut t trn xung di.
Sub: L khi chng trnh SBR0, cc lnh trong chng trnh con ch c
th c x l khi n c gi t chng trnh chnh, t mt chng trnh
con khc hoc t chng trnh ngt.
Int: Chng trnh ngt c thit k s dng cho mt s kin ngt c
nh ngha trc. Chng trnh ngt khng c gi bi chng trnh chnh
m theo s kin ngt xy ra v c x l mi khi s kin ngt xy ra.
c. Symbol Table
Bng k hiu cho php ngi dng m t cc a ch s dng trong chng trnh
di dng cc tn gi gi nh. iu ny gip cho ng lp trnh d hiu v d sa
cha khi mun thay i.
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iu khin nh hng ca chu k qut khi x l trng thi v trong hot
ng son tho runtime.
EM Confuguration:
Configure LED: LED SF/DIAG (System Fault/Diagnostic) c th c chn
sng khi thc hin chc nng cng bc (Force) hoc xy ra li vo ra I/O.
Increase Memory: Tng b nh chng trnh bng cch khng cho son tho
ch Run.
f. Cross Reference
Bng tham chiu cho bit nhng a ch vng nh no (Byte, Bit, Word, Time,
Counter) s dng v v t trong chng trnh cng nh chc nng ca chng.
g. Communication v Set PG/PC
Cc biu tng ny khi kch chut vo s hin ra hp thoi cho php chng ta ci
t cc giao tip vi my tnh nh: chn cng giao tip, a ch CPU, tc truyn.
y l bc ci t cn thit khi kt ni PLC vi my tnh.
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Cy lnh hin th tt c cc i tng ca d n v cc lnh vit chng trnh
iu khin. C th s dng phng php drag anh drop (ko v th) a tng
lnh ny ra chng trnh son tho hoc kch i chut tri vo mt lnh no .
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a. Standard Toolbar
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b. Debug Toolbar
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Read All Forced (Debug Menu): c tt c cc gi tr cng bc trong Status
Chart.
c. Common Toolbar
Hnh 3.20 Lnh s dng trong kiu lp trnh Lader (dng bc thang).
L thanh cng c dng son tho chng trnh di dng LAD .
e. FBD Instruction Toolbar