100 de Toan Tin

100 Ton Tin
Tin hc & Nh trng

100 Problems & Solutions Page 2
Phn 1: BI
Bi 1/1999 - Tr chi cng nhau ua cu
(Dnh cho hc sinh Tiu hc)
Bn ngi cn i qua mt ci!c cu" #o cu $!u n%n m&i ln i '(ng qu) ai ngi* +, +-
tri ti n%n ./i cm 0n m1i i 2c" Bn ngi i nan c3m ')c nau* qua cu +1i
ti gian t4ng 5ng l, 10 .6t* 7 .6t* 2 .6t +, 1 .6t" 8- c9 c: mt ci!c 0n n%n m&i
ln qua cu ./i c: ngi mang 0n tr; +< co n=ng ngi '! ti!." >i ai ngi i c?ng
nau t- qua cu +1i ti gian c@a ngi i c3m 4n" 8A BC sau D$ l, mt c)c iE
F Ggi 10 .6t i +1i ngi 7 .6t qua cu* mHt 10 .6t"
F Ggi 7 .6t cm 0n qua$ +<* mHt 7 .6t"
F Ggi 2 .6t cm 0n qua$ +<* mHt 2 .6t"
Ii gian tJng cng l, 10K7K7K2K2 L 2M .6t"
Nm O$ t-m c)c i ')c +1i tJng ti gian c,ng At c,ng tt* +, n!u B1i 1P .6t t- t3t
tu$Qt +iR Si gi/i gi trong tQ. +Tn b/n c: t%n l, P1"#UV
Bi !/1999 - T" ch#c $ha% uan
(Dnh cho hc sinh THCS)
Irong 2t tJ c5c i tam quan Ban lam tWng c/n c@a t,n . XY VA Zin* Ban tJ
c5c i ti Iin [c tr\ tJ c5c co G o,n ( )n t] s 1 !n G) m&i o,n i tTm quan
mt â i_m ')c nau" ò,n t5 i i tTm â i_m ; c)c >)c san Xo,ng `! Bi 'm
(iL1*2*""""* G)" Xi ti c: Z be tabi )n s t] 1 !n Z (ZG) _ .Cc +C +iQc a c)c o,n
i tTm quan" ce t5 d c: m5c ti%u tC bTng l, +d 4n +^ t_ tAce'm"
Yu cuE XO$ c[n G be _ .Cc +C +iQc a c)c o,n i tTm quan* m&i be c9 .Cc +C
mt o,n* sao co tJng ci .A bTng cn sf BCng l, At nHt"
D liu: gile +Tn b/n P2"hGPE
F #ing u ti%n c5a ai s ngu$%n B4ng G* Z (GZ200)j
F #ing t5 ai c5a c)c s ngu$%n B4ng B
1
* B
2
* """* BGj
F #ing t5 ba c5a c)c s ngu$%n B4ng +
1
* +
2
* """* +Z"
F V)c s tr%n c?ng mt Bing 2c gi ')c nau b;i BHu trWng"
Kt qu: ki ra lile +Tn b/n P2"UmIE
F #ing u ti%n c5a tJng l2ng bTng Bu cn B?ng co +iQc a c)c o,n i tTm quan
('(ng tAn l2t +<)j
F #ing t5 i trong s G Bing ti!. teo gi c9 s be .Cc +C o,n i (iL1* 2* """* G)"
8A BCE
P2"hGP P2"UmI
n M
o 7 P
1o 1n 17 10
27p
2
n
M
Iin [c & G, trng 100 `< Io)n F Iin [c
100 Problems & Solutions Page n
Bi &/1999 - '(ng $) *o
(Dnh cho hc sinh THPT)
Zang t! b,o c: Bang mt l1i ( +u(ng -n c= n3t" Iai m&i n^. ti gianE m&i ( c@a l1i
c5a tAn iQu l, 0 oqc 1 +, c: t_ tru$<n tAn iQu trong n: co mt s ( '< can teo mt
qui lu3t co tr1c" r ; g:c tr%n b%n tr)i c: t_ n3n tAn iQu t] b%n ngo,i a +,o" Sau n^.
ti gian :* tAn iQu ; mt ( ss l, 0 n!u tHt c/ c)c tAn iQu tru$<n !n n: l, 0* cin trong
trng 2. ng2c lai tAn iQu trong n: ss l, 1" Zt ( '(ng n3n 2c tAn iQu n,o t] c)c (
'< can +1i n: ss gi= ngu$%n tAn iQu ang c: trong n:" ti%ng i +1i ( tr%n tr)i* sau 'i
tru$<n tAn iQu c5a trong n: i* n!u c: tAn iQu +,o t- ( tr%n tr)i ss ch n3n tAn iQu n,$*
cin n!u '(ng c: tAn iQu n,o t- ( tr%n tr)i cung oat ng ging n c)c ( ')c" ; trang
t)i u tAn iQu trong tHt c/ c)c ( l, 0"
Yu cu: Vo tr1c s n^. ti gian I +, BO$ tAn iQu +,o S l, mt BO$ gYm I 'v iQu
S
1
* """* SI* trong : Si l, 0 oqc 1 t_ iQn c: tAn iQu +,o* ng2c lai Si l, c t_ iQn '(ng
c: tAn iQu +,o tai n^. ti gian t5 i (1 i I)* O$ b)c ^n trang t)i c@a l1i sau n^.
ti gian t5 I"
D liu: +,o t] lile +Tn b/n Pn"hGPE
F #ing u ti%n c5a n s ngu$%n Z* G* I teo t5 tw l, s Bing* s ct c@a l1i +, s n^.
ti gian (1xZ* G 200j I 100)j
F #ing t5 ai c5a bDu tAn iQu +,o Sj
F Z Bing ti!. teo m( t/ qui lu3t tru$<n tin" #ing t5 i trong s Z Bing n,$ c5a G s ai
1
*
ai
2
* """* aiG* trong : gi) tr^ c@a aid ss l, 1* 2* n* M* 7* p* o* y t4ng 5ng ln l2t n!u ( (i* d)
./i tru$<n tin co ( '< can b%n tr)i* b%n ./i* b%n tr%n* b%n B1i* b%n tr%n +, b%n B1i*
b%n tr)i +, b%n ./i* b%n tr%n +, b%n tr)i* b%n B1i +, b%n ./i (bem -n +s)j cin n!u ( (i*
d) '(ng ./i tru$<n tAn iQu t- aid L 0"
Kt qu: ki ra lile +Tn b/n Pn"UmI gYm Z Bing* m&i Bing l, mt bDu gYm G 'v tw 0
oqc 1 m( t/ trang t)i c@a l1i sau n^. ti gian t5 I"
V !:
Pn"hGP Pn"UmI
2 2 7
101cc
2 M
2 1
11
01
zu) tr-n bi!n Ji trang t)i 2c Bi{n t/ trong -n B1i D$E
0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1
Bi +/1999 - Tr chi *,c -.i
2 1 n M 7 o p y
100 Problems & Solutions Page M
Ir%n mqt Ht c: mt ng s|i c: 101 +i%n" Xai em [c sin Xo,ng +, Xu$ c4i tri c4i n
sauE Z&i em !n l2t i ./i bc ra t] ng s|i tr%n ti ti_u l, 1 +i%n +, ti a l, M +i%n"
Ggi tua l, ngi ./i bc +i%n s|i cui c?ng" ki/ sf Xo,ng l, ngi 2c bc tr1c*
Xu$ bc sau" V)c em tf ng} bem ai l, ngi tWng cuc* Xo,ng a$ Xu$~ 8, ngi tWng
cuc ./i su$ ng} g- +, twc iQn c)c b1c i c@a m-n ra sao~
Bi //1999 - 1! 0i1n *i
V: 12 in bi ging Qt nau +< 'Ac t1c* -n B)ng +, 'i l2ng" Iu$ ni%n trong c6ng
lai c: 6ng mt in bi 'm cHt l2ngE oqc n 4n oqc nqng 4n b-n tng" #?ng
mt cDn b,n ai b%n* ban O$ B?ng n ln cDn _ t-m ra 2c +i%n bi :" Vn c9 r rng +i%n
bi : l, nqng 4n a$ n 4n"
8i!t c4ng tr-n m( .|ng +iQc tJ c5c cDn c)c in bi tr%n" #= liQu +< in bi 'm cHt
l2ng Bo ngi sf BCng c4ng tr-n nWm gi=" %u cu tr-n b,$ c4ng tr-n . +, m
tu3t"
Bi 2/1999 - 3iao i4% cc 56ng $h7ng
Ir%n mqt .ng co tr1c n ng tng" XO$ tAn s giao i_m c@a c)c ng tng n,$"
%u cu tAn c,ng cAn b)c c,ng tt"
V)c ng tng tr%n mqt .ng 2c co b;i n s twc * B* V +1i .4ng tr-n b K B$
K V L 0* ; D$ c)c s * B '(ng Yng ti bng 0"
#= liQu +,o c@a b,i to)n co trong tQ. Bp"hGP c: Bang sauE
F #ing u ti%n gi s n
F n Bing ti!. teo* m&i Bing gi n s twc * B* V c)c nau b;i BHu c)c"
>!t qu/ c@a b,i to)n t_ iQn tr%n m,n -n"
Bi 8/1999 - 'in %9$ :h7ng chia *;i cc 56ng $h7ng
ct b,i to)n t4ng tw n b,i pe1PPP nng $%u cu tAn s mi<n mqt .ng 2c cia b;i n
ng tng n,$E
Ir%n mqt .ng co tr1c n ng tng" XO$ tAn s mi<n mqt .ng 2c cia b;i c)c
ng tng n,$" %u cu tAn c,ng cAn b)c c,ng tt"
V)c ng tng tr%n mqt .ng 2c co b;i n s twc * B* V +1i .4ng tr-n b K B$
K V L 0* ; D$ c)c s * B '(ng Yng ti bng 0"
#= liQu +,o c@a b,i to)n co trong tQ. Bo"hGP c: Bang sauE
F #ing u ti%n gi s n
F n Bing ti!. teo* m&i Bing gi n s twc * B* V c)c nau b;i BHu c)c"
>!t qu/ c@a b,i to)n t_ iQn tr%n m,n -n"
Bi </1999 - =>n $o
Z i c2 +< mua co Gga 2o qu/ t)o ging Qt nau +< 'Ac t1c +, 'i l2ng" Iu$
ni%n ngi b)n ,ng n:i rng trong s c)c qu/ t)o tr%n c: 6ng mt qu/ c: 'i l2ng n
4n" Nm O$ B?ng mt ci!c cDn b,n ai b%n _ t-m ra qu/ t)o n :" %u cu s ln cDn l,
n| nHt"
V)c em O$ gi6. ban Gga t-m ra qu/ t)o n : i" G!u c)c em t-m ra qu/ t)o : sau At 4n
7 ln cDn t- O l, tt lWm rYi"
Bi 9/1999 - B,c ?i1%
Ir%n b,n c: n BO$ que Bi%m* s l2ng que Bi%m c@a c)c BO$ n,$ ln l2t l, n* 7 +, y" Xai
ban Gga +, n c4i tri c4i sauE Z&i ban !n l2t m-n 2c qu$<n (+, ./i) bc mt s
que Bi%m bHt ' t] mt BO$ tr%n" Ggi tWng l, ngi bc 2c que Bi%m cui c?ng"
i l, ngi tWng cuc trong tri c4i tr%n~ 8, ban : ./i bc Bi%m n t! n,o~ V)c ban
O$ c?ng su$ ng} +1i Gga +, n n"
Bi 10/1999 - @AB -, nguB1n
#O$ c)c s tw ni%n 2c +i!t ra t,n mt BO$ +( an tr%n ng tngE
12nM7poyP1011121n1M""""" (1)
X|i s ; +^ trA t5 1000 trong BO$ tr%n l, s n,o~
Nm O$ l,m b,i n,$ teo ai c)cE V)c 1 B?ng su$ lu3n logic +, c)c 2 +i!t c4ng tr-n
_ tAn to)n +, so s)n ai '!t qu/ +1i nau"
IJng qu)t b,i to)n tr%nE V4ng tr-n $%u cu n3. s > t] b,n .Am +, in ra tr%n m,n -n
'!t qu/ l, s nm ; +^ tr- t5 > trong BO$ (1) tr%n" %u cu c4ng tr-n ca$ c,ng nan
c,ng tt"
Bi 11/1999 - @AB -, Ci*onaci
G c)c ban O bi!t BO$ s gibonaci l, BO$ 1* 1* 2* n* 7* y* """" #O$ n,$ co b;i c(ng t5c Q
qui sauE
g
1
L 1* g
2
L1* g
n
L g
nF1
K g
nF2
+1i n 2
1" V5ng min 'ng ^n sauE
Z[i s tw ni%n G <u c: t_ bi_u Bi{n Bu$ nHt B1i Bang tJng c@a mt s s trong BO$ s
gibonaci"
G L a
'
g
'
K a
'F1
g
'F1
K """" a
1
g
1
81i bi_u Bi{n n tr%n ta n:i G c: bi_u Bi{n gibonaci l, a
'
a
'F1
"""a
2
a
1
"
2" Vo tr1c s tw ni%n G* O$ t-m bi_u Bi{n gibonaci c@a s G"
In:u$:
IQ. +Tn b/n P11"hGP bao gYm ni<u Bing" Z&i Bing gi mt s tw ni%n"
Du$:u$:
100 Problems & Solutions Page p
IQ. P11"UmI gi '!t qu/ c@a c4ng tr-nE tr%n m&i Bing gi lai bi_u Bi{n gibonaci c@a
c)c s tw ni%n t4ng 5ng trong tQ. P11"hGP"
Bi 1!/1999 - E-%ino
GFmino l, -n tu 2c t] G -n +u(ng 11 g. lai (can '< can)" Xai nFmino 2c g[i
l, Yng nHt n!u c6ng c: t_ qt cYng 'At l%n nau"
Ban O$ l3. c4ng tr-n tAn +, +s ra tHt c/ c)c GFmino tr%n m,n -n" S n n3. t] b,n
.Am"
8A BCE 81i GLn c9 c: ai loai GFmino sau D$E
nFmino tng nFmino -n t1c t2
V6 vE k[i Zn l, s c)c nFmino ')c nau t- ta c: Z
1
L1* Z
2
L1* Z
n
L2* Z
M
L7* Z
7
L12*
Z
p
Ln7*"""
%u cu b,i gi/i 6ng +, tr-n b,$ ."
Bi 1&/1999 - Ph>n ho(ch hFnh chG nhH$
Zt -n +u(ng c: t_ cia t,n ni<u -n c= n3t c: c)c can song song +1i can -n
+u(ng (bem X-n +s)" cD$ Bwng cHu tr6c B= liQu +, l3. c4ng tr-n m( t/ .. cia :"
IAn bem c: bao ni%u c)c cia n +3$"
In:u$
#= liQu n3. +,o t] tQ. P1n"hGP bao gYm ai s tw ni%n l, n* m
F 'Ac t1c -n c= n3t"
Du$:u$
#= liQu ra nm trong tQ. P1n"UmI c: Bang sauE
F #ing u ti%n gi s > l, tJng s c)c .. .Dn oac"
F Ii!. teo l, > n:m* m&i n:m c)c nau bng mt Bing
trng"
F Z&i n:m B= liQu bao gYm c)c cq. t[a c@a c)c -n c= n3t nm trong .Dn oac"
Bi 1+/!000 - TF% -, $rang -ch cIa %J$ uB4n -ch
`_ )n s c)c trang s)c c@a 1 qu$_n s)c cn tHt c/ 1nP2 c= s" X|i qu$_n s)c c: tHt c/
bao ni%u trang~
100 Problems & Solutions Page o
Bi 1//!000 - KJi nghL Ji 0i1n
Irong mt i ng^ li%n ci i c: mt s ban nam +, n=" Bi!t rng m&i ban trai <u quen
+1i G c)c ban g)i +, m&i ban g)i <u quen +1i 6ng G ban trai" XO$ l3. lu3n _ c5ng t|
rng trong i ng^ : s c)c ban trai +, c)c ban g)i l, n nau"
Bi 12/!000 - =hia -,
Ban O$ cia G
2
s 1* 2* n* """"* G
2
F1* G
2
t,n G n:m sao co m&i n:m c: s c)c s ang
n nau +, c: tJng c)c s n,$ cung bng nau"
Bi 18/!000 - M, nguB1n $, $5ng 5ng
Xai s tw ni%n 2c g[i l, "#u$n t% t&'n# (&'n# n!u c6ng c: cung c)c 1c s ngu$%n
t" 8A BC c)c s o7 +, 17 l, ngu$%n t t4ng 4ng +- c?ng c: c)c 1c ngu$%n t l, n +, 7"
Vo tr1c ai s tw ni%n G* Z" XO$ +i!t c4ng tr-n 'i_m tra bem c)c s n,$ c: l,
ngu$%n t t4ng 4ng +1i nau a$ '(ng"
Bi 1</!000 - M1n *
(Dnh cho hc sinh THCS ) THPT)
Ir%n l1i ( +u(ng mt con s%n buHt .)t t] 9n (0*0) cn ./i i !n i_m '!t t6c tai
(G*0) (G l, s tw ni%n co tr1c)"
zui tWc iE Z&i b1c (b
1
* $
1
) FF (b
2
* $
2
) to/ mOn i<u 'iQn (s%n bi)E
F b
2
=

b
1
K1*
F $
1
F1 xL $
2
xL $
1
K1
I-m mt c)c i sao co trong qu) tr-n i n: c: t_ l%n cao nHt tr%n trCc tung (t5c l, t[a
$ at cwc ai)" V9 cn a ra mt ngiQm"
Input
S G 2c n3. t] b,n .Am"
Output
Uut.ut ra lile P7"UmI c: BangE
F #ing u ti%n gi 2 sE m* " Irong : m l, s c)c b1c i c@a con s%n _ !n 2c +^ trA
Ac* gi lai cao cwc ai at 2c c@a con s%n"
F m Bing ti!. teo* m&i Bing gi ra ln l2t c)c t[a (b*$) l, c)c b1c i c@a s%n tr%n l1i"
Yu cu k thut
V)c ban c: t_ m( t/ c)c b1c i c@a con s%n tr%n m,n -n Y [a" `_ at 2c mCc Ac
: s G cn 2c c[n '(ng +2t qu) 70" Zqc B? '(ng $%u cu nng n=ng li gi/i c:
m( .|ng Y [a ss c: i_m cao 4n n!u '(ng m( .|ng Y [a"
Bi 19/!000 - a gic
100 Problems & Solutions Page y
XO$ t-m i<u 'iQn cn +, @ _ G s twc B4ng a1* a2* """* aG tao t,n c)c can li%n ti!.
c@a mt a gi)c G can tr%n mqt .ng" ki/ sf co tr1c G s a1* a2* """* aG t|a mOn
i<u 'iQn l, c)c can c@a a gi)c* ban O$ l3. c4ng tr-n bi_u Bi{n +, +s a gi)c tr%n"
hn.ut
hn.ut c@a b,i to)n l, tQ. Pp"hGP bao gYm 2 Bing* Bing u ti%n gi s G* Bing t5 ai gi G
s twc c)c nau b;i BHu c)c"
Output
ù ra c@a b,i to)n t_ iQn tr%n m,n -n"
V6 vE Pn lv tu$!t c@a b,i to)n cn 2c c5ng min mt c)c cqt cs"
Bi !0/!000 - B(n Nan ; cOn hJ -, %PBQ
G, San ; trong mt ng(i n, y tng* m&i tng c: y cTn " Zt (m* c)c ban trong l1. |i
SanE
G, ban ; cTn s mH$~"
V)c ban O$ tf |i mt s cDu* m-n ss tr/ li tHt c/ cDu |i c@a c)c ban* nng c9
n:i 6ng oqc '(ng t(i" zua c)c cDu |i : c)c ban tf o)n bem m-n ; cTn s
bao ni%uF San tr/ li"
Ban Xu$ n:iE
Z-n ss |i* c: ./i ban ; cTn s 1* s 2*"""* s pn '(ng" G +3$ +1i ni<u nHt pn
cDu |i m-n ss bi!t 2c ban cTn n,o"
Ban Gam n:iE
Vin m-n c9 cn !n 1M cDu* o cDu @ _ bi!t ban ; tng mH$ +, o cDu c: t_ bi!t
cAn b)c ban ; cTn s mH$ "
Vin em* em ./i |i ni<u nHt mH$ ln _ bi!t 2c ban San ; cTn s bao ni%u~
Bi !1/!000 - EhGng $rang -ch *L ri
Zt cun s)c b^ r4i mHt mt m/ng" Irang b^ r4i t5 nHt c: s nyo* cin trang cui cung
gYm n c= s n* y* o nng 2c +i!t teo mt t5 tw ')c"
X|i c: bao ni%u trang s)c b^ r4i ra~
Bi !!/!000 - )% 56ng i
Vo -n sauE
a) Ban O$ !m tHt c/ c)c ng i t] !n B" Z&i ng i c9 2c i qua m&i 9n
ni<u nHt l, 1 ln"
b) Ban O$ t-m tHt c/ c)c ng i t] !n #* sao co ng i : qua m&i can 6ng mt
ln"
c) Ban O$ t-m tHt c/ c)c ng i qua tHt c/c c)c can c@a -n* m&i can 6ng mt ln*
sao coE
F ì_m bWt u +, i_m '!t t6c tr?ng nau"
100 Problems & Solutions Page P
F ì_m bWt u +, i_m '!t t6c '(ng tr?ng nau
Bi !&/!000 - RuaB Su*ic
tubic l, mt 'i l3. .4ng gYm nnn L 2o 'i l3. .4ng con" Z&i mqt rubic gYm
nn L P mqt c@a mt l1. P 'i l3. .4ng con" ; trang t)i ban u* m&i mqt rubic 2c t(
mt m,u" V)c mqt ')c nau 2c t( c)c m,u ')c nau" ki/ sf ta ang n-n +,o mt mqt
tr1c c@a rubic" V: t_ 'A iQu m,u c)c mqt n sauE gE m,u mqt tr1c l, mqt ta ang n-nj
mE m,u mqt tr%nj tE m,u mqt ./ij BE m,u mqt sauj SE m,u mqt b%n tr)ij #E m,u mqt B1i"
Zt l1. gYm nn 'i l3. .4ng con c: t_ qua$ P0 ni!t qu/ sau 'i qua$ l, 'i l3. .4ng nnn +1i c)c m,u
mqt O b^ Ji ')c"
Zt bDu +ing qua$ li%n ti!. rubic c: t_ m( t/ bng bDu c)c c= c)i c@a m* t* g* #* B* S*
trong : m&i c= c)i l, 'A iQu mt +ing qua$ c4 s;E qua$ mqt t4ng 5ng P0 teo ci<u
'im Yng Y" XO$ +i!t c4ng tr-n gi/i n b,i to)n B1i D$E
1" Vo 2 bDu hGPmI ')c nau* 'i_m tra bem liQu n!u ). BCng +1i trang t)i u c: co
c?ng mt '!t qu/ a$ '(ng~
2" Vo mt bDu +,o* O$ b)c ^n s ln cn ). BCng bDu +,o : co trang t)i u rubic _
lai n3n 2c trang t)i u :"
Bi !+/!000 - MT: U): ?AB -,
Vo BO$ sE n* 1* o* P* 7
Vo .. n ln Ji c&* m&i* ln 2c Ji c& ai s bHt '" Nm O$ sW. b!. lai BO$ s tr%n
teo t5 tw tTng Bn"
Bi !//!000 - V>B ?Wng -,
Vo c)c s sauE 1* 2* n* 7* o
V9 B?ng .. to)n cng O$ B?ng BO$ tr%n _ tao ra sE Mn* 72"
8A BC _ tao s 1n0 ban c: t_ l,m n sauE 12n K o L 1n0"
Bi !2/!000 - TX %u
Vo l1i ( +u(ng MbM* cn ./i t( m,u c)c ( c@a l1i" `2c .. B?ng n m,uE can* |*
+,ng" ì<u 'iQn t( m,u l, ba ( bHt ' li<n nau teo ci<u B[c +, ngang ./i ')c m,u
nau" X|i c: bao ni%u c)c n +3$* O$ liQt '% tHt c/ c)c c)c"

Bi !8/!000 - Bn c6
Vo mt b,n c +u(ng yby* tr%n : co tr1c mt s quDn c" 8A BC -n +s sau l, mt b,n
c n +3$E


#= liQu n3. 2c gi tr%n tQ. BGVU"IcI bao gYm y Bing* m&i Bing l, mt sDu n^
.Dn c: B,i bng y" 8^ trA c)c quDn c 5ng +1i s 1* c)c ( trng 5ng +1i s 0" 8A BC tQ.
BGVU"IcI 5ng +1i b,n c tr%nE
01010100
10011001
10100011
00010100
00100000
01010001
10011000
01000110
XO$ +i!t c4ng tr-n tAn s quDn c li%n tCc l1n nHt nm tr%n mt ng tng tr%n b,n
c" `ng tng ; D$ c: t_ l, ng tng 5ng" ng nm ngang oqc ng co"
>!t qu/ t_ iQn tr%n m,n -n"
81i +A BC n%u tr%n* c4ng tr-n ./i in tr%n m,n -n '!t qu/ l, M"

Bi !</!000 - "i $in
ki/ sf ban c: ni<u t ti<n loai 1* 2 +, n ng,n Yng" X|i +1i c)c t ti<n : ban c: bao ni%u
c)c Ji t 10 ng,n Yng~ XO$ liQt '% c)c c)c Ji"
Bi !9/!000 - =hYn *(n
Irong mt trai 0 ngi ta t-n c c[n ra mt n:m p [c sin" V5ng min rng ss t-m
2c n trong s p ban : sao co n ban n,$ oqc O quen nau ((i mt) t] tr1c oqc ca
< quen nau" Nm O$ c9 ra c)c t-m n ban :"
Bi &0/!000 - Phn $Z B1n ngWa
Vo b/ng 'Ac t1c ZbG" Pn tf id 2c g[i l, .n tf $%n ngwa n!u n: l, .n tf
n| nHt trong ,ng c@a n: Yng ti l, .n tf l1n nHt trong ct c@a n:" 8A BC trong b/ng
s sau D$E
17 n P
77 M p
op 1 2
t- .n tf 22 cAn l, .n tf $%n ngwa"
Ban O$ l3. c4ng tr-n n3. t] b,n .Am mt b/ng s 'Ac t1c ZbG +, 'i_m tra bem
n: c: .n tf $%n ngwa a$ '(ng~
Bi &1/!000 - Bi4u ?i[n :h>n -,
(Dnh cho hc sinh PTTH)
Zt .Dn s lu(n lu(n c: t_ 2c +i!t B1i s t3. .Dn =u an oqc +( an tun o,n"
8A BCE
2ne7 L M"p
ney L 0"no7
1en L 0"(n)
M7e7p L 0"y0n(7o1M2y)
""""
Irong c)c +A BC tr%n t- c)c c= s qt trong BHu ngoqc c9 .n tun o,n c@a s t3. .Dn"
GiQm +C c@a ban l, +i!t mt c4ng tr-n n3. tf s (G) +, n3. mu s (#)* sau : a
ra '!t qu/ l, Bang t3. .Dn c@a .Dn s Ge#"
8A BC ca$ c4ng tr-nE
Ga. G* #E1 o
1eo L 0"(1M2y7o)
Bi &!/!000 - Bi $on < hHu
Ir%n b,n c +ua O$ s. b!. 6ng y quDn X3u sao co '(ng cin con n,o c: t_ Tn 2c
con n,o" XO$ t-m ra ni<u c)c sW. nHt~
Bi &&/!000 - 'A ho 0On *\n
B,i to)n sau m( t/ mt tu3t to)n mO o) 4n gi/n (_ tiQn ta lH$ +A BC ti!ng n* c)c ban
c: t_ m; rng co ti!ng 8iQt)E
I3. 2. c)c c= c)i ti!ng n bao gYm 2p c= c)i 2c )n s( t5 tw t] 0 !n 27 n sauE
0 1 2 n M 7 p o y P 10 11 12 1n 1M 17 1p 1o 1y 1P 20 21 22 2n 2M 27
a b c B e l g i d ' l m n o . q r s t u + b $
zu$ tWc mO o) mt 'v tw n sau (lH$ +A BC 'v tw c)E
F I-m s t5 tw t4ng 5ng c@a 'v tw ta 2c 2n
F ITng gi) tr^ s n,$ l%n 7 ta 2c 2y
F I-m s B trong .. cia s n,$ co 2p ta 2c 2
F Ira ng2c b/ng c= c)i ta tu 2c V"
a" Sf BCng qu$ tWc tr%n _ mO o) c)c Bing c= sauE
PNVN
XNS IXN UtS#
h SU8N SPthGk
b" XO$ t-m ra qu$ tWc gi/i mO c)c Bing c= sauE
G gt g chS
GS>I8tgGXc
ZgSIG SgGISgz SGB8cG#
Bi &+/!000 - 'A ho 0 gi\i %A
Ieo qu$ tWc mO o) ; b,i tr%n (nne2000)* O$ +i!t c4ng tr-n co ..E
F G3. mt bDu 'v tw +, in ra bDu 'v tw O 2c mO :a
F G3. mt bDu 'v tw O 2c mO o) +, in ra sDu 'v tw O 2c gi/i mO"
8A BC 'i ca$ c4ng tr-nE
Ga. bau '$ tuE
PNVN
cau '$ tu tren Buoc ma oa laE
mgX
Ga. bau '$ tu can giai maE
gt
cau '$ tu tren Buoc giai ma laE
Z
Bi &//!000 - =c :h>n -, 5]c -T: U):
ct t3. g(G) tHt c/ c)c s =u t trong oan 0*1 +1i mu s '(ng +2t qu) G"
8A BC t3. g(7)E
0e1 1e7 1eM 1en 2e7 1e2 ne7 2en neM Me7 1e1
XO$ +i!t c4ng tr-n co .. n3. s ngu$%n G nm trong 'ong t] 1 !n 100 +, buHt
ra teo t5 tw tTng Bn c)c .Dn s trong t3. g(G) c?ng s l2ng c)c .Dn s :"
Ga. so GE 7
0e1 1e7 1eM 1en 2e7 1e2 ne7 2en neM Me7 1e1
Iat ca co 11 .an so
Bi &2/!000 - ^nh chng h $i_n
Zt c,ng , tiQn ra iQu ma$ qun )o" Ggi c@ iQu bi!t tAn ')c n%n n:i +1i an taE
I(i tAn ti<n c(ng teo 2 c)cE c)c t5 nHt l, lH$ 6ng 11o00 Yng" V)c t5 ai l, lH$
teo ti<n c6cE ci!c c6c t5 nHt t(i lH$ 1 Yng* ci!c c6c t5 2 t(i lH$ 2 Yng gH. (i ci!c
t5 nHt* ci!c c6c t5 n t(i lH$ M ng gH. (i ln ci!c c6c t5 2 +, c5 ti!. tCc n t!
co !n !t" )o c@a an c: 1y ci!c c6c" G!u an tH$ c)c t5 nHt l, Wt t- an c: t_ tr/
t(i teo c)c t5 ai"
Sau mt Yi su$ ng} c,ng , tiQn qu$!t ^n c[n teo c)c t5 ai" X|i an ta ./i tr/
bao ni%u ti<n +, an ta c: b^ a$ '(ng~
100 Problems & Solutions Page 1n
Bi &8/!000 - M, -i1u nguB1n $,
S si%u ngu$%n t l, s ngu$%n t m, 'i b| mt s tu v c)c c= s b%n ./i c@a n: t-
.n cin lai +n tao t,n mt s ngu$%n t"
8A BC onn1 l, mt s si%u ngu$%n t c: M c= s +- onn* on* o cung l, c)c s ngu$%n t"
GiQm +C c@a ban l, +i!t c4ng tr-n n3. B= liQu +,o l, mt s ngu$%n G (0x G x10) +,
a ra '!t qu/ l, mt s si%u ngu$%n t c: G c= s c?ng s l2ng c@a c6ng"
Ga. so GE M
Vac so sieu ngu$en to c: M cu so laE 2nnn 2nnP 2nPn 2nPP 2PnP n11P n1no
nonn nonP noPn noPo 7PnP o1Pn onn1 onnn onPn
Iat ca co 1p so
Bi &</!000 - Ta% gic -,
X-n sau m( t/ mt tam gi)c s c: s ,ng GL7E
8
& <
< 1 0
! 8 + +
+ / ! 2 /
ì t] 9n (s o) !n )$ tam gi)c bng mt ng gH. '6c* m&i b1c c9 2c i t] s ;
,ng tr%n bung mt trong ai s 5ng '< b%n ./i a$ b%n tr)i ; ,ng B1i* +, cng c)c s
tr%n ng i lai ta 2c mt tJng"
8A BCE ng i o y 1 M p c: tJng l, SL2p* ng i o n 1 o 7 c: tJng l, SL2n
Irong -n tr%n* tJng SmabLn0 teo ng i o n y o 7 l, tJng l1n nHt trong tHt c/ c)c
tJng"
GiQm +C c@a ban +, +i!t c4ng tr-n n3n B= liQu +,o l, mt tam gi)c s c5a trong tebt
lile hGPmI"IcI +, a ra '!t qu/ l, gi) tr^ c@a tJng Smab tr%n m,n -n"
gile hGPmI"IcI c: Bang n sauE
#ing t5 1E c: Bu$ nHt 1 s G l, s ,ng c@a tam gi)c s (0xGx100)"
G Bing ti!. teo* t] Bing t5 2 !n Bing t5 GK1E Bing t5 i c: (iF1) s c)c nau b;i BHu
trng (s.ace)"
8A BCE +1i ni Bung c@a lile hGPmI"IcI l,
7
o
n y
y 1 0
2 o M M
M 7 2 p 7
t- '!t qu/ ca$ c4ng tr-n ss l,E SmabLn0"
100 Problems & Solutions Page 1M
Bi &9/!000 - ` chG
Iri c4i ( c= t(ng BCng n0 nTm tr1c c@a tr\ em gYm mt 'ung ( c= 'Ac t1c 7b7
c5a 2M -n +4ng n| 'Ac t1c n nau" Ir%n mqt m&i -n +u(ng n| c: in mt c=
c)i trong b/ng c= c)i" 8- c9 c: 2M -n +u(ng trong ( c= n%n trong ( c= cin t]a ra mt
( trng* c: 'Ac t1c 6ng bng 'Ac t1c c)c -n +u(ng" Zt -n +u(ng c: t_ $
tr2t +,o ( trng : n!u n: nm nga$ s)t b%n tr)i* b%n ./i* b%n tr%n a$ b%n B1i ( trng"
ZCc ti%u c@a tri c4i l, tr2t c)c -n +u(ng +,o ( trng sao co cui c?ng c)c c= c)i
trong ( c= 2c b!. teo 6ng t5 tw c@a c6ng trong b/ng c= c)i" X-n sau D$ min
oa mt ( c= +1i cHu -n ban u +, cHu -n c@a n: sau p n1c i sauE
1"Ir2t -n +u(ng .Aa tr%n ( trng"
2"Ir2t -n +u(ng b%n ./i ( trng"
n"Ir2t -n +u(ng b%n ./i ( trng"
M"Ir2t -n +u(ng .Aa B1i ( trng"
7"Ir2t -n +u(ng .Aa B1i ( trng"
p"Ir2t -n +u(ng b%n tr)i ( trng"
I t k S
c # U > h
Z 8 S G
P B N
m z X V g
VHu -n ban u c@a ( c=
Ban O$ +i!t mt c4ng tr-n c@a ban c5a cHu -n ban u c@a ( c= c?ng c)c n1c i
_ +s ra ( c= '!t qu/"
In:u$
ù +,o c@a c4ng tr-n c@a ban c5a cHu -n ban u c@a mt ( c= +, mt B$ c)c
n1c i trong ( c= :"
GTm Bing u ti%n m( t/ cHu -n ban u c@a ( c=* m&i Bing t4ng 5ng +1i mt ,ng
c@a ( c= +, c5a 6ng 7 'v tw t4ng 5ng +1i 7 -n +u(ng c@a ( c= tr%n ,ng :" r trng
2c Bi{n t/ bng mt BHu c)c"
V)c Bing ti!. teo sau l, B$ c)c n1c i" #O$ c)c n1c i 2c gi bng BO$ c)c c=
*B*t +, S _ t_ iQn -n +u(ng n,o 2c tr2t +,o ( trng" t_ iQn -n +u(ng .Aa
tr%n ( trng 2c tr2t +,o ( trng* t4ng 5ngE BF.Aa B1i* tFb%n ./i* SFb%n tr)i" V: t_
c: n=ng n1c i '(ng 2. c)c* nga$ c/ 'i n: 2c bi_u t^ bng n=ng c= c)i tr%n"
G!u buHt iQn mt n1c i '(ng 2. c)c t- ( c= coi n '(ng c: cHu -n '!t qu/"
#O$ c)c n1c i c: t_ ci!m mt s Bing* nng n: ss 2c bem l, '!t t6c nga$ 'i gq.
mt s 0"
II tt kk SS
cc UU >> SS hh
ZZ ## 88 BB GG
PP NN
mm zz XX VV gg
VHu -n c@a ( c= sau p
Du$ :u$
G!u ( c= '(ng c: cHu -n '!t qu/ t- t(ng b)o Iis .ule as no linal conliguration"j
ng2c lai t- i_n t^ cHu -n ( c= '!t qu/" `^n Bang m&i Bing '!t qu/ bng c)c qt mt
BHu c)c +,o gi=a ai 'A tw '! ti!. nau" r trng cung 2c sf lv n +3$" 8A BC n!u (
trng nm b%n trong ,ng t- n: 2c buHt iQn B1i Bang n BHu c)cE mt _ ngTn c)c n:
+1i 'A tw b%n tr)i* mt _ t_ iQn cAn ( trng :* cin mt _ ngTn c)c n: +1i 'A tw b%n
./i"
V6 vE hn.ut mu u ti%n t4ng 5ng +1i ( c= 2c min oa trong +A BC tr%n"
Ma%:ab In:u$ 1
ItkS
c#U>h
Z 8SG
PBN
mzXVg
ttBBS0
Ma%:ab Du$:u$ 1
I t k S
c U > S h
Z # 8 B G
P N
m z X V g
Ma%:ab In:u$ !
B V #N
g k X h
>SZGU
PztS
Im8c
SSSS0
Ma%:ab Du$:u$ !
B V #
g k X h N
> S Z G
P z t S U
I m 8 c
Ma%:ab In:u$ &
BV#N
gkXh
>SZGU
PztS
Im8c
BBtttSS0
100 Problems & Solutions Page 1p
Ma%:ab Du$:u$ &
Iis .ule as no linal conliguration"
Bi +0/!000 - 'B Lnh 0L Sa?io
Zt con t,u 2c trang b^ TngFten ^n 1ng c: t_ b)c ^n +^ trA iQn ti c@a m-n n
c)c ln [c 0n iQu â .4ng" Z&i 0n iQu 2c qt ; mt +^ trA O bi!t +, .)t ra mt
tAn iQu 4n nHt" Z&i 'i bWt 2c tAn iQu* t,u li<n qua$ TngFten c@a m-n co !n 'i at
2c tAn iQu cwc ai" ì<u : co .. b)c ^n 2c .4ng +^ t4ng i c@a 0n iQu"
Vo bi!t B= liQu c@a ln [c tr1c (ti gian* .4ng +^ t4ng i* +^ trA c@a 0n)* mt ln
[c m1i @ _ b)c ^n +^ trA iQn ti c@a t,u" Ban ./i +i!t mt c4ng tr-n b)c ^n +^
trA iQn ti c@a t,u t] ai ln [c 0n iQu"
8^ trA c@a c)c 0n iQu +, c)c con t,u 2c co trong Q toa +u(ng g:c* trCc Ub 1ng
+< .Aa (ng* cin U$ 1ng +< .Aa bWc" X1ng i c@a con t,u 2c o bng * teo ci<u
'im Yng Y tAn t] 1ng bWc" G +3$* 1ng bWc ss l, 0
0
* 1ng (ng l, P0
0
* 1ng nam
l, 1y0
0
+, 1ng tD$ l, 2o0
0
" P4ng +^ t4ng i c@a 0n iQu cung 2c o bng *
t4ng i +1i 1ng i c@a t,u +, teo ci<u 'im Yng Y" Tng ten '(ng t_ c9 ra 0n iQu
nm ; 1ng n,o tr%n .4ng +^" G +3$* mt .4ng +^ P0
0
c: ng}a l, 0n iQu c: t_
nm ; 1ng P0
0
oqc 2o0
0
"
In:u$
#ing u ti%n c@a in.ut l, mt s ngu$%n c9 s l2ng c)c 0n iQu (ni<u nHt l, n0)" Z&i
Bing ti!. teo co mt 0n iQu" Z&i Bing bWt u bng t%n 0n (l, mt cu&i 'A tw '(ng
+2t qu) 20 'A tw)* sau : l, +^ trA c@a 0n co bng o,n +, tung " V)c trng n,$
.Dn c)c b;i mt BHu c)c"
#ing ti!. teo nga$ sau c)c B= liQu +< 0n iQu l, mt s ngu$%n c9 s l2ng c)c '^c b/n
ng i c@a t,u" Z&i '^c b/n c5a n Bing gYm mt Bing co bi!t 1ng i c@a t,u so +1i
1ng BWc +, +3n tc +3n tc twc c@a t,u* +, ai Bing c9 ai ln [c 0n iQu" Ii gian
2c o bng .6t* tAn t] l6c nfa %m trong +ing 2M gi" 83n tc o bng 4n +^ B,i
(n c)c 4n +^ c@a Q trCc toa ) tr%n 4n +^ ti gian" #ing t5 ai c@a '^c b/n l, ln
[c t5 nHt gYm ti gian (l, mt s ngu$%n)* t%n 0n +, g:c .4ng +^ t4ng i +1i
1ng i c@a t,u" Ba trng 2c ngTn c)c nau b;i mt BHu c)c" #ing t5 ba c@a '^c
b/n l, ln [c t5 ai" Ii gian c@a ln [c n,$ lu(n l1n 4n ln [c t5 nHt"
Du$:u$
81i m&i '^c b/n* c4ng tr-n c@a ban ./i c9 ra 2c s t5 tw c@a '^c b/n (Scenario 1*
Scenario 2*""")* +, mt t(ng b)o +< +^ trA c@a con t,u (2c l,m trin !n ai c= s t3.
.Dn) tai ti i_m c@a ln [c th* h+i" G!u +^ trA c@a t,u '(ng t_ b)c ^n t- t(ng b)oE
Position cannot be BetermineB"
Zu in.ut +, out.ut cAn b)c t4ng 5ng 2c co n sauE
Ma%:ab In:u$
M
girst 2"0 M"0
SeconB p"0 2"0
IirB p"0 o"0
gourt 10"0 7"0
100 Problems & Solutions Page 1o
2
0"0 1"0
1 girst 2o0"0
2 gourt P0"0
11p"7p71 2"2np1
M IirB 12p"ypPP
7 girst n1P"nPyo
Ma%:ab Du$:u$
Scenario 1E Position cannot be BetermineB
Scenario 2E Position is (p"00* 7"00)
Bi +1/!000 - =6 D$hbaao
V Utello l, tri c4i co 2 ngi tr%n mt b,n c 'Ac t1c yby (* B?ng n=ng quDn trin
mt mqt en* mt mqt trWng" V)c Hu t@ ss 2c ln l2t i mt quDn +,o ( cin trng tr%n
b,n c" >i i mt quDn* Hu t@ ./i l3t 2c At nHt mt quDn c@a Hu t@ 'ia" V)c quDn ss
l3t 2c n!u c6ng nm li%n ti!. tr%n c?ng mt ng tng (ngang* B[c oqc co) m, ;
ai u c@a ng : l, ai quDn c: mu c@a Hu t@ ang i" >i bong mt l2t i* tHt c/
c)c quDn O b^ l3t O 2c Ji sang m,u c@a Hu t@ +]a i" Irong mt l2t i c: t_ l3t
2c ni<u ,ng"
8A BCE G!u t! c iQn ti ; b,n c b%n tr)i +, l2t i l, c@a Hu t@ trWng* t- an ta c: t_
i 2c mt trong c)c n1c sauE (n*7) (M*p) (7*n) (p*M)" G!u an ta i n1c (n*7) t- sau n1c
i t! c ss n ; b,n c b%n ./i"
cd *n c6
Ban O$ +i!t mt c4ng tr-n _ [c mt +)n c t] mt tebt lile c: qui c)cE
y Bing u ti%n l, b,n c t!* m&i Bing c5a y 'A tw* m&i 'A tw c: t_ l,E
F t_ iQn mt ( trng*
B t_ iQn mt ( c: quDn en*
t_ iQn mt ( c: quDn trWng"
#ing t5 P c5a mt trong ai 'A tw B oqc _ c9 n1c i tuc +< Hu t@ n,o"
V)c Bing ti!. teo l, c)c lQn" Z&i lQn c: t_ l,E liQt '% tHt c/ c)c n1c i c: t_ c@a Hu
t@ iQn ti* twc iQn mt n1c i* a$ t(i c4i +)n c :" Z&i lQn gi tr%n mt Bing
teo qui c)c sauE
Ni_$ e1 $P$ c\ cc n5fc i cg $h4 cIa Pu $hI hi_n $h6i:
SQn l, mt c= S ; ct u ti%n c@a Bing" V4ng tr-n ./i 'i_m tra c/ b,n c +, in ra
tHt c/ c)c n1c i 2. lQ c@a Hu t@ iQn ti teo Bang (b*$) trong : b l, ,ng +, $ l, ct
c@a n1c i" V)c n1c i n,$ ./i 2c in teo qui c)cE
K Z[i n1c i tr%n ,ng i ss 2c in tr1c m&i n1c i tr%n ,ng d n!u di"
K G!u tr%n ,ng i c: ni<u 4n 1 n1c i t- c)c n1c i 2c in teo t5 tw c@a ct"
Z[i n1c i 2. lQ ./i in tr%n mt Bing" G!u '(ng c: n1c i n,o 2. lQ +- Hu t@ iQn
ti '(ng t_ l3t bHt c5 mt quDn n,o t- ./i in ra t(ng b)o Go legal mo+e"
ThWc hi_n %J$ n5fc i
100 Problems & Solutions Page 1y
SQn l, mt c= Z ; ct u ti%n c@a Bing* ti!. teo sau l, 2 c= s ; ct t5 ai +, t5 ba
c@a Bing" V)c c= s c9 ra ,ng +, ct c@a ( trng tr%n b,n c n4i Hu t@ iQn ti ss qt
quDn c@a m-n* tr] .i an ta '(ng c: n1c i 4. lQ n,o" G!u Hu t@ iQn ti '(ng c:
n1c i 2. lQ n,o t- an ta 2c ta$ b;i Hu t@ 'ia +, bD$ gi n1c i l, c@a Hu t@
m1i" V4ng tr-n ./i 'i_m tra 'i : n1c i l, 2. lQ" Ban ss ./i gi n3n sw ta$ Ji
tr%n b,n c* '_ c/ +iQc t%m c)c quDn m1i ln +iQc ta$ Ji m,u sWc quDn c b^ l3t" Vui m&i
n1c i O$ in ra s l2ng tHt c/ c)c quDn c m&i m,u tr%n b,n c teo qui c)c Blac' F bb
ite F $$* trong : bb l, s l2ng c)c quDn en cin $$ l, s l2ng c)c quDn trWng" Sau mt
n1c i* Hu t@ iQn ti 2c ta$ b;i Hu t@ 'ia"
ThXi chi 0n c6 g
SQn l, mt c= z ; ct u ti%n c@a Bing* Bing lQn n,$ '!t t6c hn.ut co +)n c ang
bt" V4ng tr-n ./i in t! c cui c?ng c@a +)n c teo qui c)c 2c B?ng ; in.ut"
Ban ./i 'i_m tra tAn cAn b)c c@a c)c lQn" >(ng 2c _ Bing trWng ; bHt c5 n4i n,o
trong out.ut"
Bi +!/!000 - 'J$ chh$ 0 $5 ?uB -, hYc
I-m s tw ni%n n| nHt 'i cia co 2* n* M* 7* p* o* y* P* 10 co .n B t4ng 5ng l, 1* 2*
n* M* 7* p* o* y* P"
Bi +&/!000 - ii% gi6 0 :hh$ g9: nhau *ao nhi1u an $rong ngB
`Yng Y qu/ lWc c: 2 'imE gi +, .6t" IAn bem trong +ing 1 ng,$ %m (t] 0 F 2M) c:
bao ni%u ln 2 'im gq. nau +, : l, n=ng l6c n,o"
Bi ++/!000 - T(o %a $rHn -,
Vo tr1c s ngu$%n B4ng G bHt '" XO$ +i!t tu3t to)n +, c4ng tr-n _ tao l3. b/ng
GbG .n tf ngu$%n B4ng teo qu$ lu3t 2c co trong +A BC sauE
1 2 n M 7 p
2 M p y 10 12
n p P 12 2 M
M y 12 2 M p
7 10 2 M p y
p 12 M p y 10
Iwc iQn c4ng tr-n : tr%n m)$ +1i GL12* a ra m,n -n ma tr3n '!t qu/ (c: Bang
n trong +A BC)"
Bi +//!000 - =c 0ng $rn Dai%:ic
V: 7 +ing trin Ulim.ic cia mqt .ng t,n 17 .n ('(ng '_ .n +( an) (-n +s)"
XO$ qt +,o m&i .n : mt s sao co tJng s c)c s trong m&i +ing trin bng nP"
S3. c4ng tr-n gi/i qu$!t b,i to)n tr%n +, co bi!t c: bao ni%u c)c b!. n +3$"
100 Problems & Solutions Page 1P
Bi +2/!000 - \o chG ci
Ban ./i +i!t c4ng tr-n a ra tHt c/ c)c t] c: t_ c: .)t sin t] mt t3. c)c c= c)i"
8A BCE Vo t] abc* c4ng tr-n c@a ban ./i a ra 2c c)c t] abc* acb* bac*
bca* cab +, cba (bng c)c '/o s)t tHt c/ c)c trng 2. ')c nau c@a tJ 2. ba c=
c)i O co)"
Input
#= liQu +,o 2c co trong tQ. in.ut"tbt c5a mt s t]" #ing u ti%n l, mt s tw ni%n
co bi!t s t] 2c co ; B1i" Z&i Bing ti!. teo c5a mt t]" Irong :* mt t] c: t_
c5a c/ c= c)i tng oqc oa t] !n " V)c c= tng +, oa 2c coi n l, ')c
nau" Zt c= c)i n,o : c: t_ buHt iQn ni<u 4n mt ln"
Output
81i m&i t] O co trong lile hn.ut"tbt* '!t qu/ n3n 2c ra lile Uut.ut"tbt ./i c5a tHt c/
c)c t] ')c nau 2c sin t] c)c c= c)i c@a t] :" V)c t] 2c sin ra t] mt t] O co
./i 2c a ra teo t5 tw tTng Bn c@a b/ng c= c)i"
Sam.le hn.ut
2
abc
acba
Sam.le Uut.ut
abc
acb
bac
bca
cab
cba
aabc
aacb
abac
abca
acab
acba
baac
baca
bcaa
caab
caba
cbaa
Bi +8/!000 - Vo -, $r1n 0ng $rn
(Dnh cho hc sinh THCS ) PTTH)
V)c s t] 1 !n 2000 2c b!. teo t5 tw tTng Bn tr%n mt ng trin teo ci<u 'im
Yng Y" BWt u t] s 1* cu$_n ng teo ci<u 'im Yng Y* c5 b1c qua mt s lai bo)
i mt s" V(ng +iQc : ti!. Bi{n co !n 'i tr%n +ing trin cin lai 6ng mt s" S3.
c4ng tr-n tAn +, in ra s :"
Bi +</!000 - EhGng chi)c gHB
keorge c: n=ng ci!c g3$ +1i ci<u B,i n nau +, cqt c6ng t,n n=ng oan c:
ci<u B,i ngu ni%n co !n 'i tHt c/ c)c .n tr; t,n <u c: ci<u B,i ti a l, 70 4n
+^" BD$ gi an ta mun g. c)c oan lai n ban u nng lai qu%n mHt n: n t! n,o
+, ci<u B,i ban u c@a c6ng l, bao ni%u" XO$ gi6. keorge ti!t '! c4ng tr-n _ 1c
tAn n| nHt c: t_ c@a ci<u B,i n=ng c)i g3$ n,$" IHt c/ ci<u B,i 2c bi_u Bi{n bng
4n +^ l, n=ng s ngu$%n l1n 4n 0"
In:u$
#= liQu +,o trong lile hn.ut"tbt c5a c)c 'i m&i 'i 2 Bing" #ing u ti%n c5a s .n
c@a ci!c g3$ sau 'i cWt" #ing t5 2 l, ci!t qu/ ra trong lile Uut.ut"tbt c5a ci<u B,i n| nHt c: t_ c@a n=ng c)i g3$* m&i ci!c
trong m&i 'i tr%n mt Bing"
Ma%:ab In:u$
P
7 2 1 7 2 1 7 2 1
M
1 2 n M
0
Ma%:ab Du$:u$
p
7
B,i MPe2001 F Zt c6t nan trA
(Dnh cho hc sinh Tiu hcj
S tw ni%n c: tAn cHt l, 'i cia +, l3. .4ng c@a co mt s l\ bHt ' t- n3n
2c s B n nau" I-m tHt c/ c)c s tw ni%n n +3$"
Bi /0/!001 - Bi $on "i %u *i
Ir%n b,n c: G1 in bi ban* G2 in bi | +, Gn in bi +,ng" Su3t c4i n sauE
G!u 2 in bi ')c m,u nau cam nau t- c6ng ss c?ng bi!n t,n m,u t5 n (+A BCE
ban* +,ng FF |* |)"
I-m tu3t to)n +, l3. c4ng tr-n co bi!t rng c: t_ bi!n tHt c/ c)c in bi : t,n mt
m,u | c: 2c '(ng~
Bi /1/!001 - ThaB $h) $k
Xai lile hGPmI1"IcI +, hGPmI2"IcI 2c co n sauE gile hGPmI1"IcI c5a mt
oan +Tn b/n bHt '-" gile hGPmI2"IcI c5a '(ng qu) 70 Bing* m&i Bing gYm ai t]E t]
u l, t] Ac +, t] sau l, t] nguYn" XO$ t-m trong lile hGPmI1"IcI tHt c/ c)c t] l, t] Ac
+, ta$ t! c6ng bng c)c t] nguYn t4ng 5ng" >!t qu/ gi +,o lile >z"UmI (ss l, mt
oan +Tn b/n t4ng tw n trong lile hGPmI1"IcI nng O 2c ta$ t! t] Ac b;i t]
nguYn)"
Ma%:ab IEPlT
gile hGPmI1"IcI c5a oan +Tn b/n sauE
Gam moi sa. Ben roi* ban co ui 'ong~
Vuc cac ban Bon mot cai Iet tat +ui +e +a an .uc"
Vuc ban luon oc gioiR
gile hGPmI2"IcI c5a c)c Bing sauE
ban em
ui +ui
Ma%:ab DlTPlT
gile >z"UmI ss c5a oan +Tn b/n sauE
Gam moi sa. Ben roi* em co +ui 'ong~
Vuc cac em Bon mot cai Iet tat +ui +e +a an .uc"
Vuc em luon oc gioiR
Bi /!/!001 - Vc Lnh cc $# gic mng hm $rong %a $rHn
Vo ma tr3n +u(ng i*d (i*d L 1* 2 """ n)" V)c .n tf c@a 2c )n s t] 1 !n n
n"
k[i S l, s l2ng c)c t5 gi)c c: bn 9n l,E i*dj i*dK1j iK1*dj iK1*dK1 sao co
c)c s ; 9n c@a n: b!. teo t5 tw tTng Bn teo ci<u 'im Yng Y (tAn t] mt 9n n,o
:)"
1) S3. c4ng tr-n tAn s l2ng S"
2) S3. tu3t to)n b)c ^n sao co s S l,E
a" S1n nHt"
b" G| nHt"
Bi /&/!001 - NH: aLch $hng en \o
S^c c@a c)c t)ng 2c bi_u Bi{n bng mt ma tr3n c: s ct bng o +, s ,ng n| 4n
oqc bng p"
, - . / 0
1 2 3 4 ,5 ,, ,-
,. ,/ ,0 ,1 ,2 ,3 ,4
-5 -, -- -. -/ -0 -1
-2 -3 -4 .5
V !E Irong -n +s* l^c n,$ t|a mOn tAn cHt sauE Z[i ma tr3n con n
n '(ng c: (
trng <u l, ma tr3n ' /o teo ng}aE IJng c)c s c@a m&i ng co bng tJng c@a
trung b-n cng c@a tHt c/ c)c ct +, ,ng" XO$ bD$ Bwng tHt c/ c)c l^c t)ng c: tAn cHt
n tr%n" S3. c4ng tr-n m( t/ tHt c/ c)c '/ nTng b/$ ra"
Bi /+/!001 - B(n hAB g(ch -,
(Dnh cho hc sinh Tiu hc ) THCS)
V6ng ta +i!t li%n ti!. 10 s ngu$%n t u ti%n teo t5 tw tTng _ tao t,n mt s c:
ni<u c= s" Irong s n,$ O$ gac i mt nfa s c= s _ s cin lai l,E
a" G| nHt
b" S1n nHt
Irong t]ng trng 2. ./i n%u cC t_ tu3t gi/i (tai sao lai gac n +3$)~
Bi ///!001 - Bi $on chb %T$ %oo
Ir%n b,n c ( +u(ng GbG tai m&i ( c: t_ b!. oqc mt con m0o con* oqc mt quDn c"
Xai con m0o tr%n b,n c ss n-n tH$ nau n!u tr%n ng tng ni c6ng teo ,ng
ngang* ,ng B[c a$ ng co '(ng c: quDn c n,o c/"
XO$ t-m c)c b!. m0o +, quDn c n tr%n sao co s m0o l1n nHt m, '(ng c: ai con
m0o n,o n-n tH$ nau~
Bi /2/!001 - =hia a5fi
Vo l1i Z
G (m* n xL 20) ( +u(ng* trong m&i ( co tr1c mt s tw ni%n" XO$ t-m c)c
cia l1i tr%n l,m ai .n (cia teo can l1i) sao co tr^ tu$Qt i iQu s c@a tJng c)c s
trong m&i .n c: gi) tr^ n| nHt (n -n B1i D$)"
o
1 n 7
12 2 7
P 2 10
#= liQu 2c co trong lile SmUh"hGP* 2c co n sauE
F #ing u ti%n gYm 2 s m* n l, 'Ac t1c c@a ( l1i"
F m Bing ti!. teo* m&i Bing gYm n s c)c nau b;i BHu c)c* ( n,o '(ng c: gi) tr^ 2c
co bng 0"
#= liQu ra trong lile SmUh"UmI mi%u t/ l1i sau 'i cia t,n ai .nE l, mt ma tr3n
'Ac t1c m
n gYm c)c s 0 +, 1 (s 0 'A iQu co c)c ( t4ng 5ng +1i .n t5 nHt* +,

s 1 'A iQu co c)c ( t4ng 5ng +1i .n t5 ai)"
Ma%:ab In:u$E
#= liQu co sau D$ t4ng 5ng +1i -n tr%nE
7 p
0 0 0 0 o 0
0 1 n 7 0 0
0 12 2 7 0 0
0 P 2 10 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
Ma%:ab Du$:u$E
0 1 1 1 1 1
0 1 0 1 1 1
0 0 0 1 1 1
0 0 0 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 1
Bi /8/!001 - =hYn -,
(Dnh cho hc sinh Tiu hc ) THCS )
Vo 2000 s a
1
* a
2
*"""* a
2000
m&i s l, K1 oqc F1" X|i c: t_ a$ '(ng t] 2000 s : c[n ra
c)c s n,o : _ tJng c)c s 2c c[n ra bng tJng c)c s cin lai~ ki/ sf co 2001 s* liQu
c: t_ c: c)c c[n '(ng~ G%u c)c gi/i tJng qu)t"
Bi /</!001 - T"ng cc -, $W nhi1n ai1n $i):
Vo tr1c s tw ni%n n" S3. tu3t to)n co bi!t n c: t_ bi_u Bi{n t,n tJng c@a ai oqc
ni<u s tw ni%n li%n ti!. a$ '(ng~
Irong trng 2. c:* O$ t_ iQn tHt c/ c)c c)c c: t_ c:"
Bi /9/!001 - )% -, X 0uXng
Vo mt b/ng +u(ng gYm GbG i_m nm tr%n c)c mWt l1i ( +u(ng" V)c i_m '< nau tr%n
mt ,ng a$ mt ct c: t_ 2c ni +1i nau bng mt oan tng oqc '(ng 2c ni"
V)c oan : ss tao ra c)c ( +u(ng tr%n b/ng" 8A BC +1i b/ng sau D$ t- n L M +, c: n (
+u(ngE
Ir%n m&i ,ng c: t_ c: ni<u nHt nF1 oan tng nm ngang +, c: tHt c/ n ,ng n +3$"
I4ng tw n +3$ c: tHt c/ nF1 ,ng c)c oan tng nm B[c +, tr%n m&i ,ng c: t_ c:
ni<u nHt n oan"
`_ m( t/ ngi ta B?ng ai m/ng n^ .DnE mt m/ng gi c)c oan nm ngang 'Ac t1c n
b (nF1)* +, mt m/ng gi c)c oan nm B[c 'Ac t1c (nF1) bn" Irong m/ng* s 1 B?ng _
m( t/ oan tng ni gi=a 2 i_m* cin s 0 mi%u t/ gi=a ai i_m '(ng c: oan tng ni"
Irong +A BC tr%n t- ma tr3n ngang l,E
1 0 1
1 0 0
1 1 1
1 1 0

+, ma tr3n B[c l,E
1 1 1 0
1 1 0 1
0 1 1 0

Vo tr1c ma tr3n ngang +, ma tr3n B[c* B= liQu n3. t] c)c tQ. +Tn b/n c: t%n l,
GkGk"hGP +, #UV"hGP" XO$ l3. tr-n !m s c)c ( +u(ng tr%n b/ng"
Bi 20/!001 - TF% -, ?5 cIa :hp: chia
Zt s ngu$%n 'i cia co 1Pop +, 1Poo <u B op" X|i s : 'i cia co nP B bao
ni%u~
Bi 21/!001 - ThuH$ $on in -, 0o %a $rHn
l3. tu3t to)n i<n c)c .n tf c@a ma tr3n GG c)c s 0* 1 +, F1 sao coE
a) IJng c)c s c@a m[i -n +u(ng con 2b2 u
Vo mt bDu S L 12nM7poyP O$ t-m c)c c0n +,o S c)c BHu K oqc F _ tu 2c s Z
co tr1c (n!u c: t_)" S Z ngu$%n 2c n3. t] b,n .Am" Irong lile Uut.ut
Venbau"Uut gi tHt c/ c)c .4ng )n c0n (n!u c:) +, gi >ong co n!u n '(ng t_
tu 2c Z t] c)c l,m tr%n"
V !E G3. Z L y* mt trong c)c .4ng )n : l,E F1K2FnKMK7FpKoj
Z L F2y* mt trong c)c .4ng )n : l,E F1K2FnMK7j
(67 8+ c9+ :;nE < "h=n T=> ? ,- Tin T8&@n# THPT <+> S'n)
Bi 2&/!001 - TF% -, nh. nhP$
XO$ +i!t ra s n| nHt bao gYm tHt c/ c)c c= s 0* 1* 2* n* """ P m, n:E
a" Via !t co P
b" Via !t co 7
c" Via !t co 20
V: gi/i tAc co t]ng trng 2.~
Bi 2+/!001 - "i %a $rHn -,
Vo m/ng s twc +u(ng 'Ac t1c 2nb2n" XO$ l3. c)c m/ng m1i bng c)c Ji c& c)c
'i +u(ng 'Ac t1c nbn c@a teo c)c c)c sauE
a" b"
Bi 2//!001 - N5fi X 0uXng 0X h(n
Vo l1i ( +u(ng +( an +< ai .Aa (tr%n +, ./i)" V)c ( c@a l1i 2c )n s teo qu$
tWc sauE
F r tr)i B1i F +^ trA (0*0) F 2c )n s 0"
F V)c ( cin lai 2c )n s teo ngu$%n tWc lan to/ t] +^ trA (0*0) +, teo qu$ tWcE
tai mt +^ trA s 2c i<n +,o l, s ngu$%n '(ng Dm n| nHt ca 2c i<n tr%n ,ng +,
ct c5a ( iQn ti" 8A BC* ta c: -n Bang c@a mt s ( c@a l1i n sauE
n 2 1 0
2 n 0 1
1 0 n 2
0 1 2 n
Vo tr1c cq. s tw ni%n Z* G F 'Ac t1c ( l1i" XO$ +i!t c4ng tr-n m( t/ l1i tr%n*
'!t qu/ 2c gi +,o lile >z"IcI"
Bi 22/!001 - B\ng -, 9 U 9
(Dnh cho hc sinh Tiu hc) THCS)
XO$ b!. c)c s 1* 2* n* """* y1 +,o b/ng P b P sao coE
a) Ir%n m&i ,ng c)c s 2c b!. teo t5 tw tTng Bn (t] tr)i qua ./i)"
b) IJng c)c s ; ct 7 l, l1n nHt"
Yu cuE
K ì +1i c)c ban [c sin 'i Ii_u [c c9 cn +i!t ra b/ng s to/ mOn tAn cHt tr%n"
K V)c ban [c sin 'i IXVS t- ./i l3. tr-n i_n t^ '!t qu/ ra m,n -n"
Bi 28/!001 - c cc :hp: *i)n "i qEh>n ! $rk 1q
Vo ma tr3n 'Ac t1c Z b G* id F l, c)c s tw ni%n" V)c .. bi!n Ji c: t_ l,E
F GDn tHt c/ c)c s c@a mt ,ng +1i 2"
F Ir] tHt c/ c)c s c@a mt ct co 1"
I-m tu3t to)n sao co sau mt s .. bi!n Ji tr%n ma tr3n tr; t,n to,n s 0"
Bi 2</!001 - KFnh $rn 0 *\ng 0uXng
Zt ng trin ng 'An 2n F1 4n +^ 2c +s gi=a b,n c 2n
2n" 81i n L n 2c min

oa n B1i D$E
8i!t c4ng tr-n b)c ^n s ( +u(ng c@a b/ng b^ cWt b;i -n trin +, s ( +u(ng nm o,n
to,n trong -n trin"
#= liQu +,o trong lile hn.ut"tbt bao gYmE Z&i Bing l, mt s ngu$%n B4ng '(ng l1n 4n
170 F l, c)c gi) tr^ c@a n"
#= liQu ra trong lile Uut.ut"tbtE 81i m&i gi) tr^ +,o n* '!t qu/ ra ./i tAn 2c s ( +u(ng
b^ cWt b;i -n trin +, s ( +u(ng nm o,n to,n trong -n trin* m&i s tr%n mt Bing" Z&i
'!t qu/ t4ng 5ng +1i mt gi) tr^ n ./i c)c nau mt Bing"
Ma%:ab In:u$
n
M
Ma%:ab Du$:u$
20
12
2y
2M
Bi 29/!001 - BJi cIa &2
I-m s tw ni%n n| nHt cia !t co np m, trong Bang +i!t t3. .Dn c@a n: c: c5a tHt c/
c)c c= s t] 1 t1i P"
Bi 80/!001 - 'A ho $hbo eho
Vo tr1c 'o) l, mt o)n +^ c@a n s (1* 2* """* n)" >i : _ mO o) mt bDu 'A tw ta c:
t_ cia bDu t,nt]ng n:m n 'A tw (ri%ng n!u n:m cui c?ng '(ng @ n 'A tw t- ta coa
t_ t%m c)c BHu c)c +,o sau co @) rYi o)n +^ c)c 'A tw trong t]ng n:m" Sau :* g.
lai teo t5 tw c)c n:m ta 2c mt bDu O mO o)"
Vng anE +1i 'o) n2M1 (nLM) t- ta c: t_ mO o) bDu englis t,n gnles i"
XO$ +i!t c4ng tr-n mO o) mt bDu 'A tw co tr1c"
Bi 81/!001 - ThWc hi_n :hp: nh>n
Ban O$ l3. c4ng tr-n n3. 2 s ngu$%n B4ng a +, b" Sau : twc iQn .. nDn (a b
b) n c)c nDn bng ta$ t(ng tng" 8A BCE
Bi 8!/!001 - Bi)n "i $r1n a5fi -,
Ir%n mt l1i G b G c)c ( 2c )n s 1 oqc F1" S1i tr%n 2c bi!n Ji teo qu$ tWc
sauE mt ( n,o : 2c ta$ t! bng tAc c@a c)c s trong c)c ( '< n: ('< can)" S3.
c4ng tr-n twc iQn sao co sau mt s b1c to,n l1i cin lai c= s 1"
Bi 8&/!001 - Bi $on churi -,
Vo mt cu&i s c: qu$ lu3t" Ban c: t_ t-m 2c ai s cui c@a BO$ '(ng* ta$ t!
c6ng trong BHu |i cHm (~)" B,i to)n '(ng B{ B,ng lWm Du* +- c6ng 2c tao ra b;i
mt qu$ lu3t rHt .5c ta." Ban tf s5c bem~
7 y 11 1M 1o 2n 2o n2 n7 M1 MP 72 Q Q
Bi 8+/!001 - Kai hng -, en \o
XO$ b!. 2G s tw ni%n 1* 2* """* 2G t,n 2 ,ng sE
1* 2 """ n
B1* B2 """ Bn
I|a mOn i<u 'iQnE tJng c)c s teo n ct bng nau* tJng c)c s teo c)c ,ng bng nau"
Bi 8//!001 - Tr chi Tsch - TTc 0uXng
Ir%n mt l1i '\ ( +u(ng c: 2 ngi c4i n sauE ngi t5 nHt m&i ln c4i ss )n BHu
b +,o 1 ( trng" Ggi t5 ai 2c )n BHu 0 +,o 1 ( trng" Ggi t5 nHt mun at
2c mCc Ac l, )n 2c M BHu b tao t,n M 9n c@a 1 -n +u(ng" Ggi t5 ai c:
niQm +C ngTn c/n mCc Ac : c@a ngi t5 nHt"
S3. c4ng tr-n t-m tu3t to)n ti u co ngi t5 nHt (ngi t5 nHt c: t_ lu(n
tWng)"
ChA BE S1i ( +u(ng 2c coi l, +( an +< c/ ai .Aa"
Bi 82/!001 - o(n $h7ng 0 hFnh chG nhH$
XO$ +i!t mt c4ng tr-n b)c ^n bem mt oan tng c: cWt -n c= n3t a$ '(ng~
V !"E
Vo t[a im bt u v im kt thc ca ng thng: (4,9) v (11,2);
8, t[a 9n tr)i tr%n +, 9n ./i B1i c@a -n c= n3tE (1*7) +, (o*1)j
#$nh%E 6o;n thCn# DhEn# cFt hGnh ch nhHt
òan tng 2c g[i l, cWt -n c= n3t n!u oan tng +, -n c= n3t c: At nHt mt
i_m cung"
ChA BE mqc B? tHt c/ B= liQu +,o <u l, s ngu$%n* nng t[a c@a c)c giao i_m tAn ra
ca cWc l, s ngu$%n"
In:u$
#= liQu +,o trong lile hn.ut"hn. 'i_m tra G trng 2. (G xL 1000)" #ing u ti%n c@a lile
B= liQu +,o l, s G" Z&i Bing ti!. teo c5a mt trng 2. 'i_m tra teo qu$ c)c
sauE
&st'rt (st'rt &)n! ()n! &*)+t (top &right (,oott-
trong :E (Ist+8t* $st+8t) l, i_m bWt u +, (IJn* $Jn) l, i_m '!t t6c c@a oan tng" 8,
(IlJKt* $toL) l, 9n tr)i tr%n* (I8i#ht* $:otto>) l, 9n ./i B1i c@a -n c= n3t" y
s n,$ 2c c)c nau b;i mt BHu c)c"
Du$:u$
81i m&i mt trng 2. 'i_m tra trong lile hn.ut"tbt* B= liQu ra trong lile Uut.ut"out ./i
a ra mt Bing gYm oqc l, c= c)i I n!u oan tng cWt -n c= n3t* oqc l, g n!u
oan tng '(ng cWt -n c= n3t"
cs ?t
In:u$uIn:
1
M P 11 2 1 7 o 1
Du$:u$uou$
g
Bi 88/!001 - Vo -, $r1n *\ng
Ir%n b/ng en c( gi)o gi l%n 2n s tw ni%nE 1* 2* n* """* 2n
V)c ban 2c .. bo) i 2 s bHt ' tr%n b/ng +, ta$ +,o : mt s m1i l, iQu c@a
c6ng"
1" X|i c: t_ twc iQn sau mt s b1c tr%n b/ng cin lai to,n s 0 a$ '(ng~ G!u 2c
O$ c9 ra mt c)c l,m cC t_"
2" B,i to)n cin 6ng '(ng n!u ta$ s 2n bng 27"
Bi 8</!001 - = r,$ 0 nhGng chh $h.
V)c s ; m&i ( trong -n toi B1i D$ bi_u t^ s l2ng c@ c, rt" V6 t| i t] g:c B1i
+1i 1M c@ c, rt +, i l%n 9n tr%n +1i 1n c@ c, rt* c9 2c i teo ng co* i !n Du
Tn !t tJng s c, rt trong ( :" X|i rng c6 t| c: t_ Tn 2c ni<u nHt bao ni%u c@ c,
rt~
Bi 89/!001 - c %J$ %a $rHn -,
Z( t/ tu3t to)n* l3. c4ng tr-n bD$ Bwng ma tr3n 10*10 to/ mOn c)c tAn cHtE
M NOiPQR l cSc s% n#u$n tT 5UU4 V, WX iP Q WX ,5YP
M Z[i s% tT 5UU4 (&\c #]L ,5 ln t8on# >+ t8Hn NP
M Z[i hn# ) >[i c^t c9+ N ch*+ DhEn# quS / s% DhSc nh+uU
Bi <0/!001 - V): -, 1 $r1n a5fi
XO$ b!. 1p s 1 l%n ma tr3n 10b10 sao co n!u bo) i bHt ' 7 ,ng +, 7 ct t- +n cin lai
At nHt l, mt s 1" G%u tu3t to)n +, l3. tr-n i_n t^ ra m,n -n '!t qu/ ma tr3n to/ mOn
tAn cHt tr%n"
Bi <1/!001 - @AB nghLch $h)
100 Problems & Solutions Page n0
Vo BO$ s (a1* a2* an* """* an) l, mt o)n +^ bHt ' c@a t3. 2. (1* 2* n* """* n)" #O$ s (b1*
b2* bn* """* bn) g[i l, ng^c t! c@a BO$ a n!u bi l, c)c .n tf 5ng tr1c s i trong BO$ a
m, l1n 4n i"
8A BCE
#O$ a l,E n 2 7 o 1 M p
#O$ b l,E M 1 0 2 0 1 0
a" Vo BO$ a* O$ bD$ Bwng c4ng tr-n t-m BO$ b"
b" Vo BO$ b* bD$ Bwng c4ng tr-n t-m BO$ a"
#= liQu +,o trong lile GkhVX"hGP +1i ni BungE
#ing u ti%n l, s n (1 xL n xL 10 000)"
V)c Bing ti!. teo l, n s c@a BO$ a* m&i s c)c nau mt BHu c)c*
V)c Bing ti!. teo l, n s c@a BO$ b* m&i s c)c nau b;i mt BHu c)c"
#= liQu ra trong lile GkXhVX"UmI +1i ni BungE
n s u ti%n l, '!t qu/ c@a cDu a*
Ii!. : l, mt Bing trng +, sau : l, n s '!t qu/ c@a cDu b (n!u t-m 2c BO$ a)"
Bi <!/!001 - 39: gv
Ir%n mt l1i ( +u(ng 'Ac t1c ZG (Z Bing* G ct) ngi ta qt ' r(b(t" t(b(t t5 i
2c qt ; ( (bi
*
*$i)" Z&i ( c@a l1i c: t_ qt mt +3t c/n a$ '(ng" Iai m&i b1c* m&i
r(b(t c9 c: t_ Bi cu$_n teo c)c 1ng l%n* bung* tr)i* ./i F +,o c)c ( '< can '(ng
c: +3t c/n" ' r(b(t ss gq. nau n!u c6ng c?ng 5ng trong mt (" ' r(b(t bWt u Bi cu$_n
Yng ti +, m&i l2t c/ ' r(b(t <u ./i twc iQn +iQc Bi cu$_n (ng}a l, '(ng co ..
mt r(b(t B]ng lai mt ( n,o : trong 'i r(b(t ')c twc iQn b1c Bi cu$_n)" B,i to)n
qt ra l, t-m s b1c Bi cu$_n At nHt m, ' r(b(t ./i twc iQn _ c: t_ gq. nau" V6 v
rng* t?$ trang t)i c@a l1i* ' r(b(t c: t_ '(ng 'i n,o gq. 2c nau"
#= liQu +,o co trong lile +Tn b/n ZNNI"hGP* bao gYmE
K #ing u ti%n c5a n s Z*G +, ' (Z*GxL70j'xL10)
K ' Bing sau* Bing t5 i gYm 2 s bi*$i l, +^ trA c@a r(bt t5 i"
K Z Bing ti!. teo* m&i Bing gi G s gYm 0 +, 1 m( t/ trang t)i Bing t4ng 5ng c@a
l1i* trong : m&i s m( t/ mt ( +1i qu$ 1cE 0 F '(ng c: +3t c/n* 1 F c: +3t c/n"
V)c s tr%n c?ng mt Bing c@a lile B= liQu 2c gi c)c nau At nHt mt BHu trWng"
#= liQu ra gi l%n lile +Tn b/n ZNNI"UmIE n!u ' r(b(t '(ng t_ gq. nau t- gi mt
Bing gYm mt 'v tw * tr)i lai gi ' Bing* m&i Bing l, mt BO$ c)c 'v tw +i!t li<n nau m(
t/ c)c b1c i c@a r(b(tE mFl%n tr%n* #Fbung B1i* SFsang tr)i* tFsang ./i"
8A BCE
ZNNI"hGP
M p 2
1 1
M p
0 1 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0 0 1
0 1 0 1 0 0
ZNNI"UmI
#ttt
SmmS
Bi <&/!001 - =c 56ng $rn mng $>%
Ba ng trin Yng tDm* m&i -n 2c cia t,n y .n (n -n B1i)"
XO$ qt c)c s trong Ban s)c B1i D$ +,o c)c .n trong c)c -n trin sao coE m&i
ng trin gYm y s trong t)m .n c: tJng bng y0* m&i .n c@a -n trin ngo,i gYm n
s (m&i .n c@a -n trin ngo,i c5a c/ .n c@a ai -n trin trong) c: tJng bng n0"
V)c s ban 2c sf BCng l,E
1M* 11* 10* 12* o* P* P* y* P* P* 11* 11* 10* 10* 10* 10* 1M* P* o* 11* 10* y* 12* P"
Bi <+/!001 - =ng %J$ $sch
Vo n s b
1
* b
2
* """* bn c9 n3n mt trong c)c gi) tr^ F1* 0* 1" 8, co mt s ngu$%n P" XO$
tAn s l2ng tHt c/ c)c c)c g)n gi) tr^ ')c nau c@a n s tr%n sao coE
i Q
I I P =
(+1i i
L1""n* d L1""n* i d)" Xai c)c g)n 2c g[i l, ')c nau n!u s l2ng c)c s bi L 0 l, ')c
nau"
_nLutE gYm 2 s n* P"
ùtLutE s c)c c)c c[n ')c nau"
aibi h;nE 2 xL n xL 10
10
j P xL 10
10
"
(67 8+ c9+ :;n <B cu%c Vinh ? TLU Hd Ch Zinh)
Bi <//!001 - Bi)n "i 0 - 1
Vo 2 l1i ( +u(ng +, B c?ng 'Ac t1c Z bG* m&i ( c: c9 n3n c)c gi) tr^ 0 oqc 1 (
')c B)" V)c ( l1i 2c )n s t] tr%n bung B1i* t] tr)i qua ./i bWt u t] 1" Vo ..
twc iQn .. bi!n Ji sau D$ +1i l1i E
F V[n ( (i* d) +, /o gi) tr^ c@a ( : +, c)c ( cung can +1i n: (0 t,n 1* 1 t,n 0)"
XO$ b)c ^n bem bng c)c ). BCng BO$ bi!n Ji tr%n c: t_ a +< B 2c a$ '(ng~
G!u c: O$ c9 ra c)c sf BCng mt s At nHt .. bi!n Ji"
#= liQu n3. +,o t] lile +Tn b/n BhNG#Uh"hGPE
F #ing u ti%n gi ai s Z* G F 'Ac t1c ( l1i (Z* G xL 100)*
F Z Bing ti!. teo* m&i Bing mt bDu G 'A tw 0* 1 5ng +1i Bing t4ng 5ng c@a *
F Ii!. teo l, mt Bing trng*
F Z Bing cui m&i Bing 1 bDu G 'A tw 0* 1 5ng +1i Bing t4ng 5ng c@a B"
#= liQu ra trong lile BhNG#Uh"UmIE
F #ing u s ngu$%n ' l, s l2ng .. bi!n Ji At nHt cn ). BCng (' L 0 n!u '(ng bi!n
Ji 2c)
F #ing t5 i trong s ' Bing ti!. teo gi ai s ngu$%n b)c ^n ( cn c[n _ twc iQn
.. bi!n Ji"
8A BCE
BhNG#Uh" hGP
M 7
1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
BhNG#Uh"UmI
2
2 1
n 2
(67 8+ c9+ :;n "#u$en Vfn 6*c ? Cn Th')
Bi <2/!001 - @AB -, $W nhi1n aogic
`D$ l, mt cu&i c)c s tw ni%n 2c sW. b!. teo mt logic n,o :" XO$ t-m con s u
ti%n +, cui c?ng c@a BO$ s _ ta$ t! co BHu ~
Q 1! 1+ 1/ 12 1< !0 !1 !! Q
Bi <8/!001 - 3hi -, $r1n *\ng
Ir%n b/ng gi s 0" Z&i ln 2c tTng s O +i!t l%n b/ng t%m 1 4n +^ oqc tTng gH. (i"
X|i sau At nHt l, bao ni%u b1c ss tu 2c s ngu$%n B4ng G~
100 Problems & Solutions Page nn
Bi <</!001 - c cc -, 9c *i_$ cg 10 chG -,
S3. c4ng tr-n tAn (+, c9 ra) tHt c/ c)c s c: 10 c= s a
0
a
1
a
2
"""a
P
to/ mOn c)c tAn cHt
sauE
a
0
bng s c= s 0 c@a s tr%nj
a
1
a
2
"
a
P
bng s c= s P c@a s tr%nj
Bi <9/!001 - =hG -, $h# E
>i +i!t c)c s tw ni%n tTng Bn t] 1* 2* n* li%n ti!. nau* ta n3n 2c mt BO$ c)c c=
s t3. .Dn +( an* +A BCE 12nM7poyP1011121n1M171p1o1y1P20"""
Yu cuE XO$ t-m c= s t5 G c@a BO$ s +( an tr%n"
#= liQu +,o t] lile Eu%*bruin: gYm mt s Bing* m&i Bing gi mt s ngu$%n B4ng G
(Gx10
P
)"
>!t qu/ ra lile Eu%*bruou$* +1i m&i s G [c 2c t] lile Eu%*bruin:* gi tr%n Bing
t4ng 5ng c= s t5 G c@a BO$"
8A BCE
Gumber"in. Gumber"out
7
10
7M
7
1
n
Bi 90/!00! - ThaB -, $rong *\ng 9 X
Vo mt b/ng +u(ng gYm P (" ù ti%n c)c ( 2c i<n b;i c)c c= c)i h* S* Z" Ban O$
ta$ n=ng s tAc 2. +,o c)c ( sao co tJng c)c s trong c)c ( i<n c?ng c= c)i ban u
l, bng nau +, l, mt s cia !t co M"
ChA BE c)c ( c?ng c= c)i ./i ta$ b;i n=ng s n nau"
Bi 91/!00! - =c -, a9:
Vo BO$ s ngu$%n gYm G .n tf" S3. c4ng tr-n in ra s 2c lq. ni<u nHt trong BO$"
100 Problems & Solutions Page nM
Bi 9!/!00! - @AB chia h)$
ct mt BO$ gYm G s ngu$%n tu v" ki=a c)c s ngu$%n : ta c: t_ qt c)c BHu K oqc F
_ tu 2c c)c bi_u t5c s [c ')c nau" Ia n:i BO$ s l, cia !t co > n!u mt trong
c)c bi_u t5c tu 2c cia !t co >" XO$ +i!t c4ng tr-n b)c ^n tAn cia !t c@a mt
BO$ s O co"
@G ai_u 0oE SH$ t] mt lile +Tn b/n c: t%n l, #h8"hGP c: cHu tr6c n sauE
F #ing u l, ai s G +, > (2 G 10 000* 2 > 100)* c)c nau b;i BHu trng"
F V)c Bing ti!. teo l, BO$ G s c: tr^ tu$Qt i '(ng qu) 10 000 c)c nau b;i BHu trng
oqc BHu bung Bing"
@G ai_u raE ki ra lile +Tn b/n #h8"UmI s 1 n!u BO$ O co cia !t co > +, s 0 n!u
ng2c lai"
cs ?t:
@IcuIEP @IcuDlT @IcuIEP @IcuDlT
M p 0 M o 1
1 2 n 7 1 2 n 7
(67 8+ c9+ :;n T8n 6Gnh T8un# ? <bL ,,N Tin ? Kh%i PTCT ? 6H Vinh)
Bi 9&/!00! - Tr chi *Tn *i
(Dnh cho hc sinh Tiu hcY
Vo b/ng bWn bi sauE
Ban c: t_ bWn bi +,o t] mt trong s c)c 9n ; ngo,i c?ng" >i 2c bWn +,o trong* in
bi c9 c: t_ ti!. tCc i +,o trong ; 9n gn : nHt oqc lTn teo ni<u nHt l, mt can _
i +,o ; 9n '< :" Bi!t rng 'i !n -n c= n3t trong c?ng* in bi '(ng 2c lTn tr%n
mt can n,o m, ./i i tng +,o tDm"
XO$ t-m ng i sao co tJng s i_m m, n: i qua l, l1n nHt +, c: bao ni%u ng i
_ c: 2c s i_m :"
Bi 9+/!00! - Bi4u ?i[n $"ng cc -, Ci*onaci
Vo s tw ni%n G +, BO$ s gibonaciE 1* 1* 2* n* 7* y* """"
Ban O$ +i!t c4ng tr-n 'i_m tra bem G c: t_ bi_u Bi{n t,n tJng c@a c@a c)c s
gibonaci ')c nau a$ '(ng~
Bi 9//!00! - @AB con cg $"ng afn nhP$
Vo BO$ gYm n s ngu$%n a
1
* a
2
* """* an" I-m BO$ con gYm mt oqc mt s .n tf li%n ti!.
c@a BO$ O co +1i tJng c)c .n tf trong BO$ l, l1n nHt"
D. *i/uE 8,o t] lile +Tn b/n SmBSNz"hGP
F #ing u ti<n c5a s ngu$%n B4ng n (n x 10
p
)"
F #ing t5 i trong s n Bing ti!. teo c5a s ai (ai 1000)"
01t 2u3E ki ra lile +Tn b/n SmBSNz"UmI
F #ing u ti%n gi +^ trA c@a .n tf u ti%n c@a BO$ con t-m 2c"
F #ing t5 ai gi +^ trA c@a .n tf cui c?ng c@a BO$ con t-m 2c
F #ing t5 ba gi tJng c)c .n tf c@a BO$ con t-m 2c"
V !"E
MlBMwRuIEP MlBMwRuDlT
y 12 F1M 1 2n Fp
22 FnM 1n
n p M0
Bi 92/!00! - M, chung afn nhP$
Vo 2 bDuE
c L b
1
b
2
""bZ" (81i bi l, c)c 'A tw s t] 0 !n P)
L $
1
$
2
""$G"( 81i $i l, c)c 'A tw s t] 0 !n P)
(Z* G xL 270)
Ia g[iE L
1
2
""' l, bDu cung c@a 2 bDu c* n!u bDu n3n 2c t] bDu c bng c)c
bo) i mt s 'A tw +, cung n3n 2c t] bDu bng c)c bo) i mt s 'A tw"
Yu cuE I-m mt bDu cung c@a 2 bDu c* sao co bDu n3n 2c tao t,n mt s l1n
nHt c: t_ 2c"
#= liQu +,o lileE M$ringuin:
kYm 2 Bing* Bing 1 l, bDu c* Bing 2 l, bDu "
>!t qu/ ra lileE M$ringuou$
kYm 1 Bing Bu$ nHt l, s l1n nHt c: t_ n3n 2c"
V !E
M$ringuin: M$ringuou$
1P012n0M
0nM012
nM
Bi 98/!00! - ThaB -, $rong *\ng
100 Problems & Solutions Page np
B/ng B1i gYm P (* ban u 2c i<n b;i c)c c= c)i" Ban O$ ta$ c)c c= c)i b;i c)c
c= s t] 0 !n y +,o ( sao co tHt c/ c)c s teo ,ng ngang* ,ng B[c <u l, s c: n c=
s (c= s ,ng trTm ./i ')c 0) +, to/ mOnE
1 2 n
a * c
? b x
g h i
Egang
M F Bi s ngu$%n c@a yj
7 F IAc c@a c)c s tw ni%n li%n ti!. u ti%nj
p F IAc c)c s ngu$%n t '< nau
@Yc
1 F Bi ngu$%n c@a 11j
2 F IAc c@a ni<u t]a s 2j
n F Bi s ngu$%n c@a 11"
(67 8+ c9+ :;n 6o Tugn Nnh ? <bL ,5N T8&@n# THPT "fn# Khiu "#E Sh <in ? thi Ij
kFc ai+n#)
Bi 9</!00! - M, :h\n nguB1n $,
Z^t s% n #i l s% Lhn n#u$n t% nu s% &bc s% c9+ nl l nhi7u nhgt t8on# n s% tm nhin
(u tin" Vo s > (> xL 2 t)" XO$ gi ra s ./n ngu$%n t l1n nHt n| 4n oqc bng
>"
#= liQu +,o trong lile PGI"hGP ni Bung gYmE
F #ing u ti%n l, s Z (1 x Z xL 100) F s c)c s cn t-m s ./n ngu$%n t l1n nHt c@a
n:j
F Z Bing ti!. teo ln l2t l, c)c s >
1
* >
2
* >
n
* """* >Zj
#= liQu ra trong lile PGI"UmI gYm Z BingE Bing t5 i l, s ./n ngu$%n t l1n nHt n|
4n oqc bng >i"
V !"E
PETuIEP
1
1000
PETuDlT
yM0
(TSc #i: Z+stJ8 ? #ni :i qu+ oJ:sitJ c9+ Tin hc p "h t8&@n#)
Bi 99/!00! - Bi $on chhc T)$
Zt ngi qu$!t ^n B,n mt ng,$ I!t _ !n c6c I!t c)c ban c@a m-n" `_ cWc cWn*
(m tr1c an ta O iQn toai !n t]ng ngi _ |i 'o/ng ti gian m, ngi : c: t_
ti!. m-n" ki/ sf c: G ngi 2c |i ()n s t] 1 !n G)* ngi t5 i co bi!t ti gian
c: t_ ti!. trong ng,$ l, t] i !n Bi (i L 1* 2* """* G)" ki/ ti!t rng* 'o/ng ti gian cn
ti!t co m&i cuc gq. l, X +, 'o/ng ti gian cun b^ t] mt cuc gq. !n mt cuc gq.
M
7
p
100 Problems & Solutions Page no
'! ti!. l, I" Ban O$ bD$ Bwng gi6. mt l^c c6c I!t _ an ta c: t_ c6c I!t 2c ni<u
ngi nHt"
gile B= liQu +,o trong lile VXmVINI"hGP gYm Bing u gi s G* Bing t5 i trong s G
Bing ti!. teo gi 'o/ng ti gian c: t_ ti!. ')c c@a ngi i gYm 2 s twc i +, Bi
(c)c nau At nHt mt BHu trWng)" #ing ti!. teo gi gi) tr^ X (s twc) +, Bing cui c?ng
gi gi) tr^ I (s twc)" ki/ ti!t rng c)c gi) tr^ ti gian !t qu/ gi ra lile VXmVINI"UmI gYm Bing u gi > l, s ngi 2c tTm* > Bing
ti!. teo gi tr-n tw i tTm* m&i Bing gYm 2 s (gi c)c nau At nHt mt BHu trWng)E s
u l, s iQu ngi 2c tTm* s ti!. teo l, ti i_m gq. t4ng 5ng"
Th !E
=Kl=TwTuIEP
20
10.5 12.6
15.5 16.6
14.0 14.1
17.5 21.0
15.0 16.1
10.5 10.6
19.0 21.0
10.5 13.6
12.5 12.6
11.5 13.6
12.5 15.6
16.0 18.1
13.5 14.6
12.5 17.6
13.0 13.1
18.5 21.0
9.0 13.1
10.5 11.6
10.5 12.6
18.0 21.0
0.5
0.1
=Kl=TwTuDlT
12
18 9u0
1 10u/
1< 11u1
19 11u8
< 1!u&
10 1!u9
11 1&u/
1& 1+u1
/ 1/u0
! 1/u2
1! 12u!
1+ 12u<
100 Problems & Solutions Page ny
+ 18u/
8 19u0
12 19u2
!0 !0u!
(67 8+ c9+ :;n 6inh cu+n# Hu$ ? 6HKHT" ? 6Hca H "î )
Bi 100/!00! - '6i ehch ?W $i_c
V(ng t$ tr)c niQm =u an 8ui +\ c: n c)n b )n s t] 1 !n n" V)n b i c: )n gi)
+ui tAn l, +i (i L 1* 2* """* n)" Ggoai tr] ki)m c V(ng t$* m&i c)n b c: 1 t@ tr;ng
trwc ti!. c@a m-n"
Ban c9 cn gi6. V(ng t$ mi mt n:m c)n b !n Bw Ba tiQc 8ui +\ sao co trong s
n=ng ngi 2c mi '(ng Yng ti c: mqt nDn +i%n +, t@ tr;ng trwc ti!. +, Yng
ti tJng )n gi) +ui tAn c@a n=ng ngi Bw tiQc l, l1n nHt"
ki/ ti!t rng m&i mt t@ tr;ng c: '(ng qu) 20 c)n b trwc ti!. B1i qu$<n"
@G ai_u: 8,o t] lile +Tn b/n kmNSI"hGP
F #ing u ti%n gi s c)n b c@a V(ng t$E n (1 x n x 1001)j
F #ing t5 i trong s n Bing ti!. teo gi ai s ngu$%n B4ng ti* +ij trong : ti l, s iQu
c@a t@ tr;ng trwc ti!. +, +i l, +ui tAn c@a c)n b i (i L 1* 2* """* n)" zu$ 1c ti L 0 n!u i
l, s iQu c@a ki)m c V(ng t$"
i)$ u\: ki ra lile +Tn b/n kmNSI"UmI
F #ing u ti%n gi ai s m* +j trong : m l, tJng s c)n b 2c mi cin + l, tJng +ui
tAn c@a c)c c)n b 2c mi Bw tiQcj
F #ing t5 i trong s m Bing ti!. teo gi s iQu c@a c)n b 2c mi t5 i (i L 1* 2* """*
m)"
cs ?t:
3lwMTuIEP 3lwMTuDlT
n
0 n
1 p
2 M
2 o
1
n
3lwMTuIEP 3lwMTuDlT
o
0 1
1 1
1 12
2 70
2 1
n 1
n 1
n pn
n
M
7
(67 8+ c9+ :;n <&u Vfn Zinh)
100 Problems & Solutions Page nP
100 Problems & Solutions Page M0
Phn II: NyI 3IzI
Bi 1/1999 - Tr chi cng nhau ua cu
6SL s%E 1o .6t" V)c i n sauE
<&\t ,E 2 K 1 sang* 1 qua$ +< ti gianE n .6t
<&\t -E 10 K 7 sang* 2 qua$ +< ti gianE 12 .6t
<&\t .E 2 K 1 sang ti gianE 2 .6t
IJng ti gianE 1o .6t
Bi !/1999 - T" ch#c $ha% uan
Program bai2j
uses crtj
const li L P2"in.j
lo L P2"outj
t$.e t$.eLarra$1""2 ol integerj
mangLarra$1""200 ol t$.ej
+ar lEtebtj
B*+Emangj
m*nEb$tej
.roceBure in.utj
+ar iEb$tej
begin
assign(l*li)j
reset(l)j
reaBln(l*n*m)j
lor iEL1 to n Bo
begin
reaB(l*Bi*1)j
Bi*2ELij
enBj
reaBln(l)j
lor iEL1 to m Bo
begin
reaB(l*+i*1)j
+i*2ELij
enBj
close(l)j
enBj
.roceBure sa.be.tang(+ar mEmangjnEb$te)j
+ar BEt$.ej
i*dEb$tej
begin
lor iEL1 to nF1 Bo
lor dELiK1 to n Bo
il md*1mi*1 ten
begin
BELmdj
mdELmij
miELBj
enBj
enBj
+ar iEb$tej
tongEintegerj
begin
in.utj
sa.be.tang(B*n)j
sa.be.tang(+*m)j
tongEL0j
lor iEL1 to n Bo tongELtongK+nFiK1*1Bi*1j
lor iEL1 to n Bo +i*1ELBnFiK1*2j
ba.be.tang(+*n)j
assign(l*lo)j
rerite(l)j
riteln(l*tong)j
lor iEL1 to n Bo riteln(l*+i*2)j
close(l)j
enB"
"hHn IqtE V4ng tr-n tr%n ss ca$ c3m n!u c6ng ta m; rng b,i to)n (cng an n xL
m xL y000)" Sau D$ l, c)c gi/i ')cE
const
hn. L P2"hGPj
Uut L P2"UmIj
+ar
n* mE hntegerj
8al* PosE arra$1""2* 1""y000 ol hntegerj
.roceBure teaBhn.utj
+ar
iE hntegerj
lE Iebtj
begin
ssign(l* hn.)j
teset(l)j
teaBln(l* n* m)j
lor i EL 1 to n Bo teaB(l* 8al1* i)j
teaBln(l)j
lor i EL 1 to m Bo teaB(l* 8al2* i)j
Vlose(l)j
lor i EL 1 to m Bo
begin
Pos1* i EL ij
Pos2* i EL ij
enBj
enBj
.roceBure zuic'Sort(t* l* rE hnteger)j
+ar
b* tg* i* dE hntegerj
begin
b EL 8alt* (l K r) Bi+ 2j
i EL lj d EL rj
re.eat
ile 8alt* i x b Bo hnc(i)j
ile 8alt* d b Bo #ec(d)j
il i xL d ten
begin
Ig EL 8alt* ij 8alt* i EL 8alt* dj 8alt* d EL Igj
Ig EL Post* ij Post* i EL Post* dj Post* d EL Igj
hnc(i)j #ec(d)j
enBj
until i dj
il i x r ten zuic'Sort(t* i* r)j
il d l ten zuic'Sort(t* l* d)j
enBj
.roceBure riteUut.utj
+ar
iE hntegerj
SumE Songhntj
lE Iebtj
begin
Sum EL 0j
lor i EL 1 to n Bo hnc(Sum* 8al1* n F i K 1 8al2* i)j
lor i EL 1 to n Bo 8al1* Pos1* n F i K 1 EL Pos2* ij
ssign(l* Uut)j
terite(l)j
riteln(l* Sum)j
lor i EL 1 to n Bo riteln(l* 8al1* i)j
Vlose(l)j
enBj
begin
teaBhn.utj
zuic'Sort(1* 1* n)j
zuic'Sort(2* 1* m)j
riteUut.utj
enB"
Bi &/1999 - '(ng $) *o
Program Baine1PPPj
uses crtj
const li L Pn"in.j
lo L Pn"outj
t$.e mangLarra$0""201*0""201 ol b$tej
+ar m*n*tEb$tej
sEstringj
100 Problems & Solutions Page Mn
aEmangj
lEtebtj
b*cEmangj
.roceBure in.utj
+ar i*dEb$tej
begin
assign(l*li)j
reset(l)j
reaBln(l*m*n*t)j
reaBln(l*s)j
lor iEL1 to m Bo
begin
lor dEL1 to n Bo reaB(l*ai*d)j
enBj
close(l)j
ne(b)j
ne(c)j
enBj
.roceBure ienj
+ar i*dEb$tej
begin
lor iEL1 to m Bo
lor dEL1 to n Bo
begin
gotob$(d2*i)j
rite(bi*d)j
enBj
enBj
.roceBure trans(cEcar)j
+ar i*d*BEb$tej
begin
lillcar(c*sieol(mang)*0)j
lor iEL1 to m Bo
lor dEL1 to n Bo
begin
BELbi*dj
case ai*d ol
1Einc(ci*dF1*B)j
2Einc(ci*dK1*B)j
nEinc(ciF1*d*B)j
MEinc(ciK1*d*B)j
7Ebegin inc(ciF1*d*B)jinc(ciK1*d*B)j enBj
pEbegin inc(ci*dF1*B)jinc(ci*dK1*B)j enBj
oEbegin inc(ci*dF1*B)jinc(ciF1*d*B)j enBj
yEbegin inc(ci*dK1*B)jinc(ciK1*d*B)j enBj
enBj
enBj
il cxc ten b1*1ELorB(c)FMyj
100 Problems & Solutions Page MM
lor iEL1 to m Bo
lor dEL1 to n Bo
il (ix1) or (dx1) ten bi*dELb$te(ci*dx0)j
ienj
reaBlnj
enBj
.roceBure out.utj
+ar i*dEb$tej
begin
assign(l*lo)j
rerite(l)j
lor iEL1 to m Bo
begin
lor dEL1 to n Bo rite(l* *bi*d)j
riteln(l)j
enBj
close(l)j
enBj
+ar iEb$tej
begin
clrscrj
in.utj
lillcar(b*sieol(mang)*0)j
lillcar(c*sieol(mang)*0)j
lor iEL1 to t Bo trans(si)j
out.utj
enB"
Bi +/1999 - Tr chi *,c -.i
Xu$ ss l, ngi tWng cuc" I3t +3$ s s|i ban u l, 101 l, mt s c: Bang 7'K1* ng}a l,
s n!u cia 7 ss cin B 1" Xo,ng ./i bc tr1c* Bo s s|i c@a Xo,ng ./i lH$ l, t] 1 !n M
Bo : sau l2t i u ti%n* s s|i cin lai ss l1n 4n Pp" Xu$ ss bc ti!. teo sao co s s|i
cin lai ./i l, Pp* ng}a l, s Bang 7'K1" I4ng tw n +3$* Xu$ lu(n lu(n c@ ng 2c
_ sau ln bc c@a m-n s s|i cin lai l, 7'K1" Sn cui c?ng s s|i cin lai c9 l, 1 +,
Xo,ng bWt buc ./i bc +i%n cui c?ng +, """ tua"
ki toSn trn# quStE c: t_ co s +i%n bi l, 7'K1 +i%n"
Bi //1999 - 1! 0i1n *i
Ia ss c9 ra rng tYn tai n ln cDn _ c9 ra 2c +i%n bi qc biQt :"
k[i c)c +i%n bi n,$ ln l2t l, 1* 2* """* 12" Irong 'i m( t/ tu3t to)n ta B?ng 'v iQu
_ m( t/ qu/ in bi t5 n
_ m( t/ mt in bi bHt '
Z( t/ mt .. cDn"
Ia g[i +i%n bi c: tr[ng l2ng ')c l, "
Iu Nn c>n $h# nhP$u SH$ ra y in bi bHt ' +, cia l,m 2 .n _ cDnE
V: 2 trng 2. b/$ raE
1u1u VDn tr%n cDn bng" Su$ ra +i%n bi ('(ng r nqng n) nm trong M +i%n bi cin lai
('(ng mang ra cDn)
1u!u VDn tr%n '(ng cDn bng"
1u!u1u G!u (1) n 4n (2) su$ ra oqc l, n nm trong (1) oqc l, nqng nm trong
(2)"
1u!u!u G!u (1) nqng 4n (2) su$ ra oqc l, nqng nm trong (1) oqc l, n nm trong
(2)"
#{ tH$ c)c trng 2. 1"2"1" +, 1"2"2" l, t4ng tw nau"
Irong m[i trng 2. ta c: '!t lu3n nm trong s y +i%n oqc n trong M oqc nqng
trong M cin lai"
IIu Vp$ $r56ng h]: 1u1: TF% 5]c + 0i1n *i ch#a
k[i c)c in bi n,$ l, 1* 2* n* M
Sn c>n $h# hai:
ct c)c trng 2. sauE
!u1u VDn tTng bng" >!t lu3nE +i%n bi M cAn l, "
!u!u Irng 2. cDn tr)i n 4n ./i (BHu x)" Su$ ra oqc n l, nqng* oqc 1 oqc 2 l,
n"
!u&u Irng 2. cDn tr)i nqng 4n ./i (BHu )" Su$ ra oqc n l, n* oqc 1 oqc 2 l,
nqng"
#{ tH$ rng c)c trng 2. 2"2" +, 2"n" l, t4ng tw nau"
IIIu Vp$ $r56ng h]: !u1E +i%n bi M cAn l,
Nn c>n $h# *a:
G!u cDn ngi%ng x t- M l, n* n!u cDn ngi%ng t- M l, nqng"
Icu Vp$ $r56ng h]: !u!u Xoqc n l, nqng* oqc 1 oqc 2 l, n"
Nn c>n $h# *a:
100 Problems & Solutions Page Mp
G!u cDn tTng bng t- ta c: 1 l, in bi n"
G!u cDn ngi%ng t- ta c: n l, in bi nqng"
G!u cDn ngi%ng x t- ta c: 2 l, in bi n"
cu Vp$ $r56ng h]: !u&u Xoqc n l, n* oqc 1 oqc 2 l, nqng"
V)c l,m t4ng tw trng 2. 2"2 m( t/ trong mCc h8 ; tr%n"
cIu Vp$ $r56ng h]: 1u!u1u
Xoqc l, n trong 1* 2* n* M oqc l, nqng trong 7* p* o* y"
Nn c>n $h# hai:
2u1u Irng 2. cDn tTng bng" Su$ ra ss ./i nm trong M* o* y* +, Bo : teo gi/ ti!t
c@a trng 2. n,$ ta c: oqc l, M n* oqc l, nqng trong o* y" #{ n3n tH$ trng
2. n,$ o,n to,n t4ng tw n 2"2" B1c ti!. teo l,m t4ng tw n m( t/ trong h8"
2u!u Irng 2. cDn ngi%ng x* su$ ra oqc l, n r4i +,o 1* 2 oqc l, p nqng" Irng
2. n,$ cung o,n to,n t4ng tw n 2"2" B1c ti!. teo l,m t4ng tw n m( t/ trong h8"
2u&u Irng 2. cDn ngi%ng * su$ ra oqc l, 7 nqng* oqc l, n n"
cIIu Vp$ $r56ng h]: 2u&u
Xoqc l, 7 nqng* oqc l, n n"
Nn c>n $h# *a:
G!u cDn tTng bng* su$ ra 7 l, nqng"
G!u cDn ngi%ng x su$ ra n l, n"
IHt c/ c)c trng 2. c@a b,i to)n O 2c bem bt"
Sau D$ l, c4ng tr-n ci ti!t"
Program bai7j
mses crtj
Vonst
st1L nang on"j
st2L ne on"j
8ar i* 'q1E integerj
'q2E stringj
cE carj
( I@ tCc >q )
ProceBure 'q(aE integerj bE string)j
Begin
'q1ELaj
'q2ELbj
100 Problems & Solutions Page Mo
NnBj
( I@ tCc VDn )
ProceBure can(lanE integerj t1* t2* tn* tM* .1* .2* .n* .ME string)j
Begin
riteln(Sn cDn t5* lan* E)j
ritelnj
riteln( * t1* * t2* * tn* * tM* * .1* * .2* * .n* * .M)j
ritelnj
rite( B%n n,o nqng 4n~ Ir)i(t)eP/i(.)e Xa$ cDn bng(c))j
te.eat
cELreaB'e$j
cELu.case(c)j
mntil (c in P* I* V)j
riteln(c)j
riteln(LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL)j
NnBj
( I@ tCc Pla$ )
ProceBure .la$j
Begin
riteln(V: 12 qu/ cDnE 1 2 n M 7 p o y P 10 11 12)j
riteln(Vo .. ban c[n ra mt qu/ cDn nqng 4n a$ n 4n n=ng qu/ ')c")j
can(1* 1* 2* n* M* 7* p* o* y)j
hl (cLI) ten I
Begin
can(2* 1* 2* 7* * n* M* p* )j
hl (cLI) ten II
Begin
can(n* 1* p* * * o* y* * )j
hl cLI ten 'q(1* st1)j III
hl cLP ten 'q(p* st2)j IIP
hl cLV ten 'q(2* st1)j IIV
NnB
Nlse hl (cLP) ten IP
Begin
can(n* n* 7* * * o* y* * )j
hl cLI ten 'q(n* st1)j IPI
hl cLP ten 'q(7* st2)j IPP
hl cLV ten 'q(M* st1)j IPV
NnB
Nlse hl (cLV) ten IV
Begin
can(n* o* * * * * y* * )j
hl cLI ten 'q(y* st2)j IVI
hl cLP ten 'q(o* st2)j IVP
hl cLV ten
Begin
riteln(Ir/ li saiR)j 'q2ELst2j
NnBj
NnBj
NnB
Nlse hl (cLP) ten P
Begin
100 Problems & Solutions Page My
can(2* 7* p* 1* * o* y* 2* )j
hl (cLI) ten PI
Begin
can(n* 7* 2* * * n* M* * )j
hl cLI ten 'q(7* st1)j
hl cLP ten 'q(2* st2)j
hl cLV ten 'q(p* st1)j
NnB
Nlse hl (cLP) ten PP
Begin
can(n* o* 1* * * n* M* * )j
hl cLI ten 'q(o* st1)j
hl cLP ten 'q(1* st2)j
hl cLV ten 'q(y* st1)j
NnB
Nlse hl (cLV) ten PV
Begin
can(n* n* * * * * M* * )j
hl cLI ten 'q(M* st2)j
hl cLP ten 'q(n* st2)j
hl cLV ten
Begin
riteln(Ir/ li sai R)j 'q2ELst2j
NnBj
NnBj
NnB
Nlse hl (cLV) ten V
Begin
can(2* P* 10* 11* * 1* 2* n* )j
hl (cLI) ten
VI
Begin
can(n* P* * * * 10* * * )j
hl (cLI) ten 'q(P* st1)j
hl (cLP) ten 'q(10* st1)j
hl (cLV) ten 'q(11* st1)j
NnB
Nlse hl (cLP) ten VP
Begin
can(n* P* * * * 10* * * )j
hl (cLI) ten 'q(10* st2)j
hl (cLP) ten 'q(P* st2)j
hl (cLV) ten 'q(11* st2)j NnB
Nlse hl (cLV) ten VV
Begin
can(n* 12* * * * 1* * * )j
hl (cLI) ten 'q(12* st1)j
hl (cLP) ten 'q(12* st2)j
hl (cLV) ten riteln(Ir/ li saiR)j
'q1EL12j
NnBj
NnBj
100 Problems & Solutions Page MP
NnBj
( V4ng tr-n cAn)
Begin
Vlrscrj
.la$j
riteln( zu/ t5* 'q1* 'q2)j
riteln( GHn Nnter '!t t6c""")j
teaBlnj
NnB"
Bi 2/1999 - 3iao i4% cc 56ng $h7ng
Program Baipj
( Iin so giao Biem cua n Buong tang 0 trung nau )
mses Vrtj
Vonst
ln L Pp"hGPj
lg L Pp"UmIj
mab L 100j
eb. L 0"0001j
8ar
a *b *c E arra$1""mab ol realj
n E integerj
sgB E integerj
ProceBure Ga.j
8ar
lE tebtj
iE integerj
Begin
ssign( l *ln )j teset( l )j
teaBln( l *n )j
gor i EL 1 to n Bo
teaBln( l *ai *bi *ci )j ab K b$ L c
Vlose( l )j
NnBj
(FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF)
ProceBure Vuanbij
Begin
sgB EL 0j
NnBj
gunction kiaoBiem( i *d E integerj8ar b *$ E real ) E booleanj
8ar
B *Bb *
B$ E realj
Begin
B EL ai bd F ad bij
Bb EL ci bd F cd bij
B$ EL ai cd F ad cij
hl B x 0 ten
begin
b EL Bb e Bj
$ EL B$ e Bj
enBj
giaoBiem EL B x 0j
NnBj
gunction kiatri( i E integerjb *$ E real ) E realj
Begin
kiatri EL ai b K bi $ F cij
NnBj
gunction bang( a *b E real ) E booleanj
Begin
bang EL abs( a F b ) xL eb.j
NnBj
gunction Ioaman( i *d E integerjb *$ E real ) E booleanj
8ar
iiE integerj
Begin
Ioaman EL lalsej
gor ii EL 1 to i F 1 Bo
hl (ii x d) anB bang( giatri( ii *b *$ ) *0 ) ten
ebitj
Ioaman EL truej
NnBj
gunction Vatrieng( i E integer ) E integerj
8ar
ii * gtEintegerj
b* $ E realj
Begin
gt EL 0j
gor ii EL 1 to i Bo
hl giaoBiem( i *ii *b *$ ) ten
hl toaman( i *ii *b *$ ) ten hnc( gt )j
catrieng EL gtj
NnBj
ProceBure Iinslj
8ar
i E integerj
Begin
gor i EL 1 to n Bo
hnc( sgB *catrieng( i ) )j
NnBj
ProceBure ki>zj
Begin
riteln(So giao Biem cua cac Buong tang laE *sgB )j
NnBj
BNkhG
VlrScrj
Ga.j
Vuanbij
Iinslj
gi>zj
NG#"
Bi 8/1999 - 'in %9$ :h7ng chia *;i cc 56ng $h7ng
Program Baioj
( Iin so giao Biem cua n Buong tang 'o trung nau )
mses Vrtj
Vonst
ln L Po"hGPj
lg L Po"UmIj
mab L 100j
eb. L 0"0001j
8ar
a *b *c E arra$1""mab ol realj
n E integerj
smien E integerj
ProceBure Ga.j
8ar
l E tebtj
i E integerj
Begin
ssign( l *ln )j teset( l )j
teaBln( l *n )j
gor i EL 1 to n Bo
teaBln( l *ai *bi *ci )j ab K b$ L c
Vlose( l )j
NnBj
ProceBure Vuanbij
Begin
smien EL 1j
NnBj
gunction kiaoBiem( i *d E integerj8ar b *$ E real ) E booleanj
8ar
B *Bb *B$ Erealj
Begin
B EL ai bd F ad bij
BbEL ci bd F cd bij
B$ EL ai cd F ad cij
hl B x 0 ten
begin
b EL Bb e Bj
$ EL B$ e Bj
enBj
kiaoBiem EL B x 0j
NnBj
gunction kiatri( i E integerjb *$ E real ) E realj
Begin
kiatri EL ai b K bi $ F cij
NnBj
gunction bang( a *b E real ) E booleanj
Begin
bang EL abs( a F b ) xL eb.j
NnBj
gunction Ioaman( i E integerjb *$ E real ) E booleanj
8ar
ii E integerj
Begin
Ioaman EL lalsej
hl bang( kiatri( ii *b *$ ) *0 ) ten
ebitj
Ioaman EL truej
NnBj
gunction Vattruoc( i E integer ) E integerj
8ar
ii * gt E integerj
b* $ E realj
Begin
gtEL 0j
hl kiaoBiem( i *ii *b *$ ) ten
hl Ioaman( ii *b *$ ) ten hnc( gt )j
cattruoc EL gtj
NnBj
ProceBure Iinslmienj
8ar
i E integerj
Begin
gor i EL 1 to n Bo
hnc( smien *cattruoc( i ) K 1 )j
NnBj
ProceBure ki>zj
Begin
riteln(So mien mat .ang Buoc cia laE *smien )j
NnBj
BNkhG
Vlrscrj
Ga.j
Vuanbij
Iinslmienj
ki>zj
NG#"
Bi </1999 - =>n $o
S ln cDn At nHt l, n" V)c cDn n sauE
<n ,E Via 2o qu/ t)o t,n n .n* m&i .n P qu/" `qt 2 .n l%n 2 }a cDn" G!u cDn
tTng bng t- qu/ t)o n nm ; .n ca cDn* n!u cDn lQc t- qu/ t)o n nm ; }a cDn
n 4n" Sau ln cDn t5 nHt* ta c[n ra 2c P qu/ t)o trong : c: qu/ t)o n"
<n -E Via P qu/ t)o* c[n 2c ra t,n n .n* m&i .n n qu/" `qt 2 .n l%n 2 }a cDn"
G!u cDn tTng bng t- qu/ t)o n nm ; .n ca cDn* n!u cDn lQc t- qu/ t)o n nm
; }a cDn n 4n" Sau ln cDn t5 2* ta c[n ra 2c n qu/ t)o trong : c: qu/ t)o n"
<n .E SH$ 2 trong s n qu/ t)o c[n qt l%n 2 }a cDn" G!u cDn tTng bng t- qu/ t)o n l,
qu/ t)o cin lai* n!u cDn lQc t- qu/ t)o n nm ; }a cDn n 4n" Sau ba ln cDn ta c[n
ra 2c qu/ t)o n"
Bi 9/1999 - B,c ?i1%
G!u s l2ng que Bi%m c@a m&i BO$ l,E n* 7* y t- ai ban Gga +, n ban n,o bc tr1c ss
tWng" V: ni<u c)c _ ngi bc tr1c ss tWng" ki/ sfE
F #O$ t5 nHt cso y que Bi%m"
F #O$ t5 ai c: 7 que Bi%m"
F #O$ t5 ai c: n que Bi%m"
G!u Gga l, ngi bc tr1c _ tWng* Gga ss l,m n sauE
1" Bc !t y que Bi%m ; BO$ u ti%n" G +3$ cin 2 BO$ tJng cng y que" n ss ./i bc
mt s que ; mt trong ai BO$ n,$"
2" Irong trng 2. sau 'i n bc s Bi%m c9 cin ; tr%n mt BO$* Gga ss bc tHt c/ s
Bi%m cin lai +, ss tWng" G!u sau 'i n bc m, s Bi%m +n cin ; tr%n ai BO$ t- Gga
cung ss ./i bc sao co a n +,o t! bHt l2iE m&i BO$ trong 2 BO$ cui c?ng cin 6ng
mt que Bi%m" G!u ca a n 2c +,o t! bHt l2i t- ./i bc sao co m-n '(ng ./i
; t! bHt l2i" Vng an nE
F n bc n que Bi%m ; BO$ t5 2" Gga ss bc 1 que ; BO$ cui c?ng"
F n bc 1 que Bi%m ti!. teo cung ; BO$ :" Gga cung ss bc 1 que ; BO$ t5 n"
F n bc 1 que ti!. teo" >i :* Gga bc que Bi%m cui c?ng +, tWng cuc"
V)c ban cung c: t_ tf co c)c trng 2. ')c"
Bi 10/1999 - @AB -, nguB1n
#O$ O co l, BO$ c)c s tw ni%n +i!t li<n nauE
12nM7poyP 101112"""PP 100101102"""PPP 100010011002"""PPPP
10000"""
P b 1 L P
P0 b 2 L 1y0
P00 b n L 2o00
P000 b M L np000 """
Ia c: n3n bt sauE
F òan t5 1 c: P c= sj
F òan t5 2 c: 1y0 c= sj
F òan t5 n c: 2o00 c= sj
F òan t5 M c: np000 c= sj
F òan t5 7 c: P0000 b 7 L M70000 c= s """
81i ' L 1000 ta c:E ' L P K 1y0 K n"2o0 K 1"
#o :* c= s t5 ' l, c= s u ti%n c@a s no0* t5c l, c= s n"
Ch&'n# t8GnhE
Program Bai10j
mses crtj
8ar 'E longhntj
(FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF)
gunction cuso(GGE longhnt)Ecarj
8ar stEstring10j
Bem*ZElonghntj
Begin
BemEL0j
ZEL1j
te.eat
str(Z*st)j
Bem EL BemKlengt(st)j
inc(Z)j
mntil Bem L GGj
cuso EL stlengt(st) F (Bem F GG)
(FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF)
BNkhG
clrscrjj
rite(Ga. 'E)j
teaBln(')j
riteln(Vu so tu* '*cua Ba$ +o an cac so ngu$en 'ong am)j
rite(12nM7poyP101112""" laE* cu so('))j
teaBlnj
NG#"
CSch #ii DhScE
var n, Result: LongInt;
procedure ReadInput;
begin
Write('Ban hay nhap so K: '); Readln(n);
end;
procedure Solution;
var
i, Sum, Num, Digits: LongInt;
begin
Sum := 9; Num := 1; Digits := 1;
while Sum < n do
begin
Num := Num * 10; Inc(Digits);
Inc(Sum, Num * 9 * Digits);
end;
Dec(Sum, Num * 9 * Digits); Dec(n, Sum);
Num := Num + (n - 1) div Digits;
n := (n - 1) mod Digits + 1;
for i := 1 to Digits - n do Num := Num div 10;
Result := Num mod 10;
end;
procedure WriteOutput;
begin
Writeln('Chu so can tim la: ', Result);
Readln;
end;
begin
ReadInput;
Solution;
WriteOutput;
end.
Bi 11/1999 - @AB -, Ci*onaci
tK
const
hn. L P11"hGPj
Uut L P11"UmIj
hnB L Mpj
+ar
nE Songhntj
giboE arra$1""hnB ol Songhntj
.roceBure hnitj
+ar
iE hntegerj
begin
gibo1 EL 1j gibo2 EL 1j
lor i EL n to hnB Bo giboi EL giboi F 1 K giboi F 2j
enBj
.roceBure Solutionj
+ar
iE Songhntj
li* loE Iebtj
begin
ssign(li* hn.)j
teset(li)j
ssign(lo* Uut)j
terite(lo)j
ile not Nol(li) Bo
begin
teaBln(li* n)j
rite(lo* n* L )j
i EL hnBj ile giboi n Bo #ec(i)j
rite(lo* giboi)j
#ec(n* giboi)j
ile n 0 Bo
begin
#ec(i)j
il n L giboi ten
begin
rite(lo* K * giboi)j
#ec(n* giboi)j
enBj
enBj
riteln(lo)j
enBj
Vlose(lo)j
Vlose(li)j
enBj
begin
hnitj
Solutionj
enB"
Bi 1!/1999 - E-%ino
Program Bai12jIin +a +e ra tat ca Zino
mses Vrtj
Vonst ln L GZhGU"hGPj
lg L GZhGU"UmIj
mab L 1pj
I$.e bang L arra$0""mabK1*0""mabK1 ol integerj
8ar n E integerj
lonmin E integerj
in *in1 *bet *BB E bangj
ang *cotE arra$1""mab ol integerj
sl E integerj
qi*qd E arra$1""mabmab ol integerj
s *sc Eintegerj
angtieu * cottieuEintegerj
slc E longintj
l E tebtj
ProceBure Ga.j
8ar lEtebtj
Begin
ssign(l*ln)j teset(l)j
teaBln(l *n)j
Vlose(l)j
NnBj
ProceBure Vuanbij
Begin
lonminEL trunc(sqrt(n))j
hl n x sqr(lonmin) ten hnc(lonmin)j
slc EL 0j
NnBj
gunction min2( a *b E integer ) E integerj
Begin
hl a x b ten min2 EL a Nlse min2 EL bj
NnBj
ProceBure Iaobien( i *d E integer )j
8ar ii *dd E integerj
Begin
gillVar(BB *SieUl(BB)*1)j
gillVar(bet*SieUl(bet)*1)j
gor ii EL 1 to i Bo
gor dd EL 1 to d Bo
begin
BBii*dd EL 0j
betii*dd EL 0j
enBj
NnBj
ProceBure kinancauinj
8ar i *d E integerj
Begin
hnc(slc)j
riteln(l*s * *sc)j
gor i EL 1 to s Bo
begin
gor d EL 1 to sc Bo rite(l*(BBi*d moB 2)E2)j
riteln(l)
enBj
NnBj
ProceBure zua$traij
8ar in1 E bangj
i*d E integerj
Begin
in1EL inj
gor i EL 1 to s Bo
gor d EL 1 to sc Bo ini*d EL in1scFdK1*ij
NnBj
ProceBure Satinj
8ar in1 E bangj
i *d E integerj
Begin
in1EL inj
gor i EL 1 to s Bo
gor d EL 1 to sc Bo ini*d EL in1sFiK1*scFdK1j
NnBj
ProceBure #aoinj
8ar in1 E bangj
i*d E integerj
Begin
in1 EL inj
gor i EL 1 to s Bo
gor d EL 1 to sc Bo ini*d EL in1sFiK1*dj
NnBj
gunction Betat E booleanj
8ar ii*dd Eintegerj
Begin
Betat EL lalsej
gor ii EL 1 to s Bo
gor dd EL 1 to sc Bo
hl inii*dd x in1ii*dd ten
begin
BetatEL inii*dd x in1ii*ddj
ebitj
enBj
NnBj
gunction Beon E booleanj
Begin
Beon EL Betatj
NnBj
gunction cetin+uong E booleanj
Begin
cetin+uong EL lalsej
zua$traij
hl Beon ten ebitj zua$traij
hl Beon ten ebitj #aoinj
hl Beon ten ebitj cetin+uong EL truej
NnBj
gunction cetcunat E booleanj
Begin
cetcunat EL lalsej
Satinj
hl Beon ten ebitj #aoinj
hl Beon ten ebitj Satinj
hl Beon ten ebitj cetcunat EL truej
NnBj
ProceBure Vu$ensang( a E bangj8ar b E bang )j
8ar i*dEintegerj
Begin
gor i EL 1 to s Bo
gor d EL 1 to sc Bo bi*d EL ai*d moB 2j
NnBj
ProceBure Iuginancauinj
Begin
Vu$ensang(BB *in)j
in1EL inj
hl s L sc ten begin hl not cetin+uong ten ebitj enB
Nlse hl not cetcunat ten ebitj
kinancauinj
NnBj
ProceBure cettem( i *d E integer )j
Begin
hnc(beti*d)j
hl beti*d L 1 ten
begin
hnc(sl)j
qisl EL ij
qdsl EL d
enBj
NnBj
ProceBure cetbot( i *d E integer )j
Begin
hl beti*d L 1 ten #ec(sl)j
#ec( beti*d )j
NnBj
ProceBure IemBiem( ii E integer )j
8ar i *d E integerj
Begin
i EL qiiij
d EL qdiij
BBi*d EL 1j
hl BBi*dF1 L 0 ten cettem(i *dF1)j
hl BBi*dK1 L 0 ten cettem(i *dK1)j
hl BBiF1*d L 0 ten cettem(iF1*d)j
hl BBiK1*d L 0 ten cettem(iK1*d)j
NnBj
100 Problems & Solutions Page p0
ProceBure BoBiem( ii E integer )j
8ar i * d E integerj
Begin
i EL qiiij
d EL qdiij
BBi*d EL 0j
hl BBi*dF1 L 0 ten cetbot(i*dF1)j
hl BBi*dK1 L 0 ten cetbot(i*dK1)j
hl BBiF1*d L 0 ten cetbot(iF1*d)j
hl BBiK1*d L 0 ten cetbot(iK1*d)j
NnBj
ProceBure cetangcot( ii E integer )j
8ar i *d Eintegerj
Begin
i EL qiiij
d EL qdiij
hnc(angi)j
hl angi L 1 ten #ec(angtieu)j
hnc(cotd)j
hl cotd L 1 ten #ec(cottieu)j
NnBj
ProceBure cetlaiangcot( ii E integer )j
8ar i*d E integerj
Begin
i EL qiiij
d EL qdiij
hl angi L 1 ten hnc(angtieu)j
#ec(angi)j
hl cotd L 1 ten hnc(cottieu)j
#ec(cotd)j
NnBj
ProceBure #u$et( i E integerjlast E integer )j
8ar ii Eintegerj
Begin
hl i n ten
begin tuginancauinj ebitj enBj
gor ii EL last K 1 to sl Bo
begin
temBiem(ii)j
betangcot(ii)j
hl angtieu K cottieu xL n F i ten Bu$et(iK1*ii)j
cetlaiangcot(ii)j
boBiem(ii)j
enBj
NnBj
ProceBure #u$etcauin( i *d E integer )j
8ar dd E integerj
Begin
s EL ij
sc EL dj
gillVar(ang *SieUl(ang)*0)j
gillVar(cot*SieUl(cot)*0)j
angtieu EL sj
cottieu EL scj
taobien(i *d)j
gor dd EL 1 to d Bo
begin
slEL 1j
qi1 EL 1j
qd1 EL ddj
Bu$et(1*0)j
BB1*dd EL 2j
enBj
NnBj
ProceBure #u$etinbaoj
8ar i *d E integerj
mind *mabd E integerj
Begin
gor i EL lonmin to n Bo
begin
mind EL (nF1) Bi+ i K 1j
mabd EL min2(nK1Fi*i)j
gor d EL mind to mabd Bo Bu$etcauin(i*d)j
enBj
NnBj
ProceBure kicuoij
8ar l E lile ol carj
s E stringj
i E integerj
Begin
str(slc*s)j
ssign(l*lg)j reset(l)j
See'(l*0)j
gor i EL 1 to lengt(s) Bo rite(l*si)j
Vlose(l)j
NnBj
BNkhG
Vlrscrj
ssign(l*lg)j terite(l)j
riteln(l * )j
Ga.j
Vuanbij
Bu$etinbaoj
Vlose(l)j
gicuoij
NG#"
Bi 1&/1999 - Ph>n ho(ch hFnh chG nhH$
tecommenBEm*nx7
const mLMjnLMjmabLmnj
+ar
aE arra$1""m*1""n ol b$tej
i1*d1*Bem*Babe.*tgE integerj
lE tebtj
timeE longint absolute 0EMpVj
sa+eE longintj
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
.roceBure initj
begin
lor i1EL1 to m Bo
lor d1EL1 to n Bo ai1*d1EL0j
BemEL0j Babe.EL0j tgEL0j
enBj
.roceBure 'qj
begin
lor i1EL1 to m Bo
begin
lor d1EL1 to n Bo rite(l*ai1*d1* )j
riteln(l)j
enBj
enBj
.roceBure tr$(i*dE integer)j
+ar i2*d2*llagE integerj
begin
il (Babe.Lmab) ten begin 'qj riteln(l)j tgELtgK1j enB
else
begin
llagELdj
ile (llag
il (ai*llagx0) ten llagELllagF1j
lor i2ELi to m Bo lor d2ELd to llag Bo
begin
BemELBemK1j
lor i1ELi to i2 Bo lor d1ELd to d2 Bo ai1*d1ELBemj
Babe.ELBabe.K(i2FiK1)(d2FdK1)j
i1ELijd1ELd2j
ile (ai1*d1x0) Bo
begin
d1ELd1K1j
il d1LnK1 ten begin d1EL1j i1ELi1K1j enBj
enBj
tr$(i1*d1)j
Babe.ELBabe.F(i2FiK1)(d2FdK1)j
lor i1ELi to i2 Bo
lor d1ELd to d2 Bo ai1*d1EL0j
BemELBemF1j
100 Problems & Solutions Page pn
enBj
enBj
enBj
BNkNG
initj
assign(l*'q"Bat)j rerite(l)j
sa+eELtimej
tr$(1*1)j
rite(l*tg)j
close(l)j
rite(Iime is aboutE*(timeFsa+e)e1y"2)j
reaBlnj
NG#"
Bi 1+/!000 - TF% -, $rang -ch cIa %J$ uB4n -ch
`_ tiQn tAn to)n* ta ss )n s lai qu$_n s)c bng c)c s 001* 002* 00n*"""* 00P* 010* 011*
012* 01n*"""* 0Py* 0PP* 100* 101*""" t5c l, m&i s gi bng 6ng n c= s" G +3$ ta ./i cn
t%m Pb2L1y c= s co c)c s tr1c D$ c9 c: 1 c= s +, P0 c= s co c)c s tr1c D$
c9 c: 2 c= s* tJng cng ta ./i B?ng t%m 10y c= s" 81i c)c )n s m1i n,$* ta ./i
cn t1i 1nP2K10yL1700 c= s" 8- m&i s c: 6ng n c= s n%n c: tHt c/ 1700EnL700 s*
bWt u t] 001" 83$ qu$_n s)c c: 700 trang"
Bi 1//!000 - KJi nghL Ji 0i1n
`_ tiQn tAn to)n* c5 m&i mt cq. ban traiFban g)i quen nau ta ss ni lai bng mt s2i BD$"
G +3$ m&i ban ss b^ buc b;i 6ng G s2i BD$ +- quen +1i G ban ')c gi1i" k[i s ban
trai l, I t- tAn 2c s BD$ ni l, IbG" k[i s ban g)i l, k t- tAn 2c s BD$ ni l,
kbG" Gng +- 2 c)c tAn co c?ng '!t qu/ l, s BD$ ni n%n IbGLkbG* su$ ra ILk" 83$
trong i ng^ : s c)c ban trai +, c)c ban g)i l, n nau"
Bi 12/!000 - =hia -,
S3. mt b/ng 2GbG (" Sn l2t gi G
2
s 1* 2* n*"""* G
2
F1* G
2
+,o G ct* m&i ct G s teo
c)c sauE
1
2 GK1
n GK2 2GK1
""" """ """ """ """
G 2GF1 nGF2 """ (GF1)GK1
2G nGF1 """ G
2
F(GF2)
nG """ G
2
F(GFn)
""" G
2
F(GFM)
"""

Irong G ,ng tr%n* tJng i s trong ,ng t5 i l,E
iKGK(iF1)K2GK(iF2)K"""K(iF1)GK1
100 Problems & Solutions Page pM
L G1K2K"""K(iF1)KiK(iF1)K(iF2)K"""K1
L Gi(iF1)e2Ki(iK1)e2
L (Gi
2
FGiKi
2
Ki)e2
Irong G ,ng B1i* tJng (GFi) s trong ,ng t5 GKi l,
(iK1)GK(iK2)GF1K(iKn)GF2K"""KG
2
F(GFiF1)
L G(iK1)K(iK2)K"""KGF1K2K"""K(GFiF1)
L G(GKiK1)(GFi)e2 F (GFiF1)(GFi)e2
L (G
2
KGiKiK1)(GFi)e2
L (G
n
KGiKGFGi
2
Fi
2
Fi)e2
VWt (i b/ng ; cAn gi=a teo ng '\ 3m +, g. lai t,n mt b/ng +u(ng n sauE
1 2G nGF1 """ G
2
F(GF2)
2 GK1 nG """ G
2
F(GFn)
n GK2 2GK1 """ G
2
F(GFM)
""" """ """ """ """
G 2GF1 nGF2 """ (GF1)GK1
>i : tJng c)c s trong ,ng t5 i l,
(Gi
2
FGiKi
2
Ki)e2 K (G
n
KGiKGFGi
2
Fi
2
Fi)e2 L (G
n
KG)e2 L G(G
2
K1)e2
t r,ng trong m&i ,ng c: G s +, tJng c)c s trong m&i ,ng l, n nau"
Bi 18/!000 - M, nguB1n $, $5ng 5ng
V: t_ +i!t c4ng tr-n n sauE
Program GttBj
8ar Z*G*B*iE integerj
gunction mSVSG(m*nE integer)E integerj
8ar rE integerj
Begin
ile nx0 Bo
begin
rELm moB nj mELnj nELrj
enBj
mSVSGELmj
NnBj
BNkhG
rite(Ga. Z*GE )j teaBln(Z*G)j
BELmSVSG(Z*G)j iEL2j
ile Bx1 Bo
begin
hl B moB i L0 ten
begin
ile B moB iL0 Bo BELB Bi+ ij
ile Z moB iL0 Bo ZELZ Bi+ ij
ile G moB iL0 Bo GELG Bi+ ij
enBj
hnc(i)j
enBj
hl ZGL1 ten rite(Z +a G ngu$en to tuong Buong")
Nlse rite(Z +a G 'ong ngu$en to tuong Buong")j
teaBlnj
NG#"
Bi 1</!000 - M1n *
Ia c: t_ tH$ nga$ l, con s%n ./i i G b1c (+- bi
K1
L biK1)* +, n!u i l%n ' b1c t- lai Bi
bung ' b1c (+- $G

L $
0
L 0)" #o :* L G Bi+ 2j
V4ng tr-n c: t_ +i!t n sauE
Program Senboj
mses Vrt* kra.j
8ar lEIebtj
gB* gm* G* *bo*$oEhntegerj
ProceBure Ga.j
Begin
rite(Ga. so Gx70E)jteaBln(G)j
hl G70 Ien GEL70j
NnBj
ProceBure 8eluoij
8ar i*d*b*$Ehntegerj
Begin
EL(ketZabc F70) #i+ Gj
$oELketZabF100j
boEL(ketZabcFG) #i+ 2F27j
gor iEL0 Io G #o
gor dEL0 Io G #i+ 2 #o
Begin
bELiKboj
$EL$oFj
Bar(bF1*$F1*bK1*$K1)j
NnBj
NnBj
ProceBure Bo
8ar i*d*bo*$o*b*$Ehntegerj
Sb*S$*SEStringj
Begin
dEL0jboELboj$EL$oj
riteln(l*GE2*G #i+ 2En)j
SetVolor(2)j
UutIebtc(bo*$oK7*(0*0))j
gor iEL1 Io G #o
Begin
hl ixLGFi Ien hnc(d)
Nlse hl d0 Ien #ec(d)j
riteln(l*iE2*dEn)j
bELiKboj$EL$oFdj
Sine(bo*$o*b*$)j
Str(i*sb)jstr(d*s$)j
SEL(KsbK*Ks$K))j
UutIebtc(b*$K7*s)j
#ela$(10000)j
boELbj$oEL$j
100 Problems & Solutions Page pp
NnBj
NnBj
Begin
Ga.j
ssign(g*P7"Uut)j
terite(g)j
#gEL#etectj
hnitkra.(kB*km*)j
8eSuoij
Boj
teaBlnj
Vlose(g)j
Vlosekra.j
NnB"
Bi 19/!000 - a gic
Ia ss c5ng min 'ng ^n sau co n nE
45c s6 th7c !8ng '
%
9 '
:
9 '
;
9<<<9 'n *p thnh c5c c=nh *in ti1p c>' -?t @' gi5c n c=nh
khi A ch khi ABi -i kC%9 :9<<<9 n t' cD c5c ,Et @Fng thGc s'uH
'
%
I '
:
I<<< Jthi1u kK<<' nN% c=nh ,Et kO ph3i *Bn h8n @? !i c=nh cPn *=iK
V5ng min
V5ng min 2c ti!n ,n qui na. teo n" 81i n L n t- (1) cAn l, bHt ng t5c tam gi)c
quen tuc"
ki/ sf (1) 6ng !n n" ct (1) co trng 2. nK1"
Ir1c ti%n ta c: n3n bt sauE V)c s a
1
* a
2
*"""* an* an
K1
l3. t,n mt a gi)c n K1 can 'i
+, c9 'i tYn tai mt s g sao co a
1
* a
2
* a
n
*"""* an
F1
* g tao t,n mt a gi)c n can +, g* an*
an
K1
tao t,n mt tam gi)c"
ki/ sf a
1
* a
2
* a
n
*"""* an* an
K1
l3. t,n mt a gi)c n K1 can" >i : teo n3n bt tr%n t-
tYn tai a gi)c n can a
1
* a
2
* a
n
*"""* an
F1
* g +, tam gi)c g* an* an
K1
" #o : ta c: c)c bHt ng
t5c sau su$ t] gi/ ti!t qui na. +, bHt ng t5c tam gi)cE
a
1
K a
2
K a
n
K"""" K an
F1
g (2)
an K an
K1
g an F an
K1
(n)
#o +3$ ta c:
a
1
K a
2
K a
n
K"""" K an
F1
an F an
K1
(M)
t] (M) su$ ra nga$ c)c 'ng ^n sauE
a
1
K a
2
K a
n
K"""" K an
F1
K an an
K1
(7)
a
1
K a
2
K a
n
K"""" K an
F1
K an
K1
an (p)
Zqt ')c t] gi/ ti!t qui na. co a gi)c n can a
1
* a
2
* a
n
*"""* an
F1
* g* t4ng tw n (2) ta c:
c)c bHt ng t5c sau +1i ' x nE
a
1
K a
2
K""" (ti!u ')""" K an
F1
K g a'
ta$ t! +! tr)i c@a (n) ta ./i c: +1i ' xGEx .
a
1
K a
2
K""" (ti!u ')""" K an
F1
K an K an
K1
a' (o)
V)c bHt ng t5c (7)* (p) +, (o) cAn l, (1)" ì<u 'iQn cn 2c c5ng min"
ki/ sf ng2c lai* Q bHt ng t5c (1) to/ mOn* ta c:
a
1
K a
2
K""" K an
F1
K an an
K1
(y)
a
1
K a
2
K""" K an
F1
K an
K1
an (P)
+, +1i m[i ' x n ta c:E
a
1
K a
2
K"""(ti!u ')""" K an
F1
K an K an
K1
a' (10)
I] (y) +, (P) ta c: nga$E
100 Problems & Solutions Page po
a
1
K a
2
K""" K an
F1
an F an
K1
(11)
I] (10) su$ ra +1i m[i ' x n ta c:E
an K an
K1
a' F a
1
F a
2
F"""(ti!u ')""" F a' (12)
I] c)c bHt ng t5c (11) +, (12) su$ ra tYn tai mt s B4ng g t|a mOn Yng ti c)c i<u
'iQn sauE
an K an
K1
g an F an
K1
(1n)
a
1
K a
2
K""" K an
F1
g (1M)
g a' F a
1
F a
2
F"""(ti!u ')""" F a' (17)
V)c bHt ng t5c (1n)* (1M) +, (17) cAn l, i<u 'iQn _ tYn tai a gi)c n can a
1
* a
2
* a
n
*"""*
an
F1
* g +, tam gi)c g* an* an
K1
" ìqE booleanj
ProceBure Ga.j
8ar lE tebtj
Begin
ssign(l*ln)j teset(l)j
teaBln(l*G)j
gor iEL1 to G Bo teaB(l*ai)j
Vlose(l)j
NnBj
BNkhG
Ga.j
>qELtruej
gor iEL1 to G Bo
begin
sEL0j
gor dEL1 to G Bo hl dxi ten sELsKadj
hl sxLai ten >qELlalsej
enBj
hl >q ten rite(Vo") Nlse rite(>ong")j
teaBlnj
NG#"
Bi !0/!000 - B(n Nan ; cOn hJ -, %PBQ
Ia coi n c)c cTn 2c )n s t] 1 !n pM (+- ng(i n, c: y tng* m&i tng c: y cTn
)" Ia c: t_ |i n sauE
F V: ./i s n, ban l1n 4n n2~
Sau 'i San tr/ li* B? 6ng a$ '(ng ta cung bi!t cAn b)c cTn c@a San ; trong s
n2 cTn n,o" ki/ sf cDu tr/ li l, '(ng ta cung bi!t cAn b)c cTn c@a San ; trong s
n2 cTn n,o" ki/ sf cDu tr/ li l, '(ng* ta |i ti!.E
F V: ./i s n, ban l1n 4n 1p~
Sau cDu |i n,$ ta bi!t 2c 1p cTn trong : c: cTn San ang ;"
100 Problems & Solutions Page py
Ii!. tCc |i n +3$ i +1i s 5ng gi=a trong c)c s cin lai" Sau m&i cDu tr/ li 'o/ng
c)c gi=a c)c s gi/m i mt nfa" V5 n +3$* c9 cn p cDu |i* ta ss bi!t 2c cTn San
;"
Bi !1/!000 - EhGng $rang -ch *L ri
G!u trang b^ r4i u ti%n )n s nyo t- trang cui c?ng ss ./i )n s l1n 4n +, ./i l,
s cn" #o +3$ trang cui c?ng ./i l, ony"
G +3$* c: ony F noy K 1L n72 trang s)c (1op t ) b^ r4i"
Bi !!/!000 - )% 56ng i
a) V: tHt c/ y ng i t] !n B sao co m&i ng i qua mt 9n n,o : c9 6ng mt
ln" VC t_E
B
N B
N g B
N # g B
N g V B
N # V B
N g # V B
N # g V B
b)" V: tHt c/ y ng i t] !n #* sao co ng i : qua mi can n,o : c9 6ng mt
ln* cC t_E
B V #
B N #
B g #
N #
N B g #
N B V #
N g #
N g V #
c)" V)c ng i qua tHt c/ c)c can c@a -n* qua m&i can 6ng mt ln (i_m bWt u +,
i_m '!t t6c tr?ng nau)E
F
K V)c ng i qua tHt c/ c)c can c@a -n* qua m&i can 6ng mt ln (i_m bWt u +,
i_m '!t t6c '(ng tr?ng nau)E
F ì_m bWt u l, V +, i_m '!t t6c l, #E
VgBV#gNBN#
VgBV#gNBN#
V#gVBgNBN#
""""
I4ng tw n t! +1i i_m bWt u l, # +, i_m '!t t6c l, V ta cung t-m 2c c)c ng
to/ mOn tAn cHt n,$"
Bi !&/!000 - RuaB Su*ic
>ai tri_n mqt rubic +, )n s c)c mqt n -n +s sauE
100 Problems & Solutions Page pP
>i : ta c: t_ bD$ Bwng t@ tCc zua$ (mqt t5 i) _ Ji m,u y mqt con c@a mqt n,$ +, 12
mqt con '< +1i mqt n,$" Ir%n c4 s; : gi/i 2c 2 b,i to)n n,$" V4ng tr-n c: t_ +i!t
n sauE
Program tubicj
uses Vrtj
I$.e rrL arra$0""7* 0""o ol b$tej
const colorE rra$ 0""7 ol carL(g* m*t* B* S* #)j
8ar
1* 2* 0* E rrj
c* c1* c2E Stringj
'E b$tej
ProceBure Ga.j
8ar i* dE b$tej
Begin
Vlrscrj
riteln (Bai toan 1" So san ai bauE)j
riteln (Ga. bau c1E)j
teaBln (c1)j
riteln ( Ga. bau c2E)j
teaBln (c2)j
riteln (Bai toan 2" Iin so lan boa$E)j
rite (Ga. bau cE)j
teaBln (c)j
gor iEL 0 to 7 Bo
gor dEL 0 to o Bo i* dEL ij
EL0j 1EL0j 2EL0j
NnBj
ProceBure zua$ (8ar E rrj 'E b$te)j
Vonst #ir E arra$
0"" 7* 0"" n* 0"" n ol b$te L ( ( (1*2*7*M)* (p*0*2*M)* (7*o*1*n)* (M*p*0*2) )*
( (0*M*n*2)* (0*0*M*0)* (1*1*7*1)* (2*2*p*2) )*
( (0*1*n*7)* (M*M*M*M)* (n*n*n*n)* (2*2*2*2) )*
( (1*M*7*2)* (2*0*p*M)* (1*o*7*n)* (0*p*M*2) )*
( (0*7*n*1)* (0*0*0*0)* (o*o*o*o)*(p*p*p*p) )*
( (0*2*n*M)* (p*p*2*p)* (7*7*1*7)* (M*M*0*M) ) )j
+ar i*d*tgE b$tej
Begin
tgEL'*pj
lor iELn Bonto 1 Bo '*0 EL '*2iF2j
'*0ELtgj
tgEL'*oj
lor iELn Bonto 1 Bo '*2i EL '*2i F2j
'*1ELtgj
lor iEL1 to n Bo
begin
tgELBir'*0*n* #ir'*i*nj
lor dELn Bonto 1 Bo Bir'*0*d* #ir'*i*d EL Bir'*0*dF1* #ir'*i*dF1 j
Bir'*0*0* #ir'*i*0 ELtgj
enBj
NnBj
gunction Nq(*BErr)EBooleanj
8ar i*d*cEb$tej
100 Problems & Solutions Page o0
Begin
cEL0j
lor iEL1 to 7 Bo
lor dEL1 to o Bo
hl i*d x Bi*d ten inc(c)j
hl cL0 ten NqELtrue else NqELlalsej
NnBj
ProceBure zua$cau(bEstringj +ar E arr)j
8ar i*dEb$tej
Begin
lor iEL1 to lengt(c) Bo
begin
lor dEL 1 to 7 Bo
hl Volord L ci ten zua$(*d)j
enBj
NnBj
ProceBure Bai1j
Begin
zua$cau(c1*1)j
zua$cau(c2*2)j
NnBj
ProceBure Bai2j
Begin
'EL0j
te.eat
zua$cau(c*)j
hnc(')j
mntil Nq(*0)j
NnBj
ProceBure cuatj
8ar i*dEb$tej
Begin
ritelnj
riteln(>et quaE)j
riteln(Bai toan 1" So san 2 bauE) j
hl Nq(1*2) ten riteln(Xai bau c1 +a c2 co cung mot 'et qua")j
riteln(Van a. Bung bau c *'* lan Be tubic qua$ +e trang tai ban Bau")j
teaBlnj
NnBj
Begin
Ga.j
Bai1j
Bai2j
cuatj
NG#"
Bi !+/!000 - MT: U): ?AB -,
V: t_ sW. b!. BO$ s O co teo c)c sauE
Nn $h# =ch "i chr i)$ u\
0 #O$ ban u n* 1* o* P* 7
1 `Ji c& 1 +, n 1* n* o* P* 7
2 `Ji c& 7 +, o 1* n* 7* P* o
n `Ji c& o +, P 1* n* 7* o* P

Bi !//!000 - V>B ?Wng -,
V: t_ l,m n sauE
1Kn7Ko L Mn
1oKn7 L 72
Bi !2/!000 - TX %u
>v iQu m,u can l, b* m,u `| l, B* m,u 8,ng l, +" Ia c: 12 c)c t( m,u 2c liQt '% n
sauE

Bi !8/!000 - Bn c6
b B + b
B + b B
+ b B +
b B + b
bb BB ++ bb
++ bb BB ++
BB ++ bb BB
bb BB ++ bb
bb BB ++ bb
BB bb ++ BB
++ BB bb ++
bb ++ BB bb
bb BB ++ bb
++ BB bb ++
BB bb ++ BB
bb ++ BB bb
BB ++ bb BB
bb BB ++ bb
++ bb BB ++
BB ++ bb BB
BB ++ bb BB
++ bb BB ++
bb BB ++ bb
BB ++ bb BB
BB bb ++ BB
bb ++ BB bb
++ BB bb ++
BB bb ++ BB
++ bb BB ++
bb BB ++ bb
BB ++ bb BB
++ bb BB ++
++ bb BB ++
BB ++ bb BB
bb BB ++ bb
++ bb BB ++
++ BB bb ++
BB bb ++ BB
bb ++ BB bb
++ BB bb ++
++ BB bb ++
bb ++ BB bb
BB bb ++ BB
++ BB bb ++
BB bb ++ BB
++ BB bb ++
bb ++ BB bb
BB bb ++ BB
V4ng tr-n c@a ban Ggu${n Ii!n #ung l1. y2 trng PIIX cu$%n B!n Ire* t9n B!n
Ire"
Program Bancoj
mses Vrtj
8ar aE arra$ 1""y* 1""y ol 0""1j
b* c* B* .E arra$ 0""y*0""y ol integerj
mabEintegerj
ProceBure hn.utj
8ar lE tebtj i* dE integerj
stE stringyj
Begin
ssign (l* banco2"tbt)j
teset (l)j
gor iEL1 to y Bo
begin
teaBln(l*st)j
gor dEL1 to y Bo hl stdL 0 ten ai*dEL0 else ai*dEL1j
enBj
Vlose(l)j
NnBj
ProceBure hnitj
Begin
hn.utj
gillcar(b*sieol(b)*0)j
cELbj BELbj .ELbj
NnBj
gunction ketmab(b* $* * tE integer)E integerj
8ar 'E integerj
Begin
'ELbj
hl ' x $ ten 'EL$j
hl ' x ten 'ELj
hl ' x t ten 'ELtj
ketmabEL'j
NnBj
ProceBure ginBmabj
8ar
i* d* 'E integerj
Begin
mabEL0j
gor iEL1 to y Bo
gor dEL1 to y Bo
hl ai* dL 1 ten
begin
bi* dELbiF1*dK1j
ci* dELci*dF1K1j
Bi*dELBiF1*dF1K1j
.i*dEL.iF1*dK1K1j
'ELgetmab(bi*d* ci*d* Bi*d* .i*d)j
hl mab x ' ten mabEL'j
enBj
100 Problems & Solutions Page on
riteln (mab)j
teaBlnj
NnBj
BNkhG
Vlrscrj
hnitj
ginBmabj
NG#"
Bi !</!000 - "i $in
V: 10 c)c Ji t 10 ng,n Yng bng c)c Yng ti<n 1* 2 +, 7 ng,n Yng"
S t 1 ng,n S t 2 ng,n S t 7 ng,n
0 0 2
1 2 1
n 1 1
7 0 1
0 7 0
2 M 0
M n 0
p 2 0
y 1 0
10 0 0
Bi !9/!000 - =hYn *(n
k[i mt ban [c sin n,o : trong p ban l, " Via 7 ban cin lai t,n 2 n:mE G:m 1
gYm n=ng ban quen * n:m 2 gYm n=ng ban '(ng quen (B} ni%n '(ng nm
trong 2 n:m :)" 8- tJng s c)c ban trong 2 n:m bng 7 n%n cWc cWn c: 1 n:m c: t] n
ban tr; l%n" V: t_ b/$ ra ai '/ nTngE
Kh nfn# ," G:m 1 c: t] n ban tr; l%nE >i : n!u c)c ban trong n:m : '(ng ai quen
ai t- b/n tDn n:m : c5a n ban '(ng quen nau cn t-m" Gg2c lai n!u c: 2 ban trong
n:m : quen nau t- ai ban : c?ng +1i cAn l, n ban quen nau cn t-m"
Kh nfn# -" G:m 2 c: t] n ban tr; l%nE >i : n!u c)c ban trong n:m 2 O quen nau (i
mt t- n:m : c5a n ban quen nau (i mt cn t-mj ng2c lai n!u c: 2 ban trong n:m
'(ng quen nau t- 2 ban : c?ng +1i cAn l, n ban '(ng quen nau cn t-m"
Bi &0/!000 - Phn $Z B1n ngWa
const
hn. L Bain0"hGPj
Uut L Bain0"UmIj
ZabSonghnt L 21MoMynpMoj
+ar
Zin* ZabE arra$1""7000 ol Songhntj
m* nE hntegerj
+ar
i* d* 'E hntegerj
lE Iebtj
begin
ssign(l* hn.)j
teset(l)j
100 Problems & Solutions Page oM
teaBln(l* m* n)j
lor i EL 1 to m Bo Zini EL ZabSonghntj
lor d EL 1 to n Bo Zabd EL FZabSonghntj
lor i EL 1 to m Bo
begin
lor d EL 1 to n Bo
begin
teaB(l* ')j
il Zini ' ten Zini EL 'j
il Zabd x ' ten Zabd EL 'j
enBj
teaBln(l)j
enBj
Vlose(l)j
enBj
+ar
i* dE hntegerj
tesultE Booleanj
lE Iebtj
begin
tesult EL galsej
ssign(l* Uut)j
terite(l)j
riteln(l* Vac .an tu $en ngua laE )j
lor i EL 1 to m Bo
lor d EL 1 to n Bo
il Zini L Zabd ten
begin
tesult EL Iruej
rite(l* (* i* ** d* )j )j
enBj
il not tesult ten
begin
terite(l)j
rite(l* >ong co .an tu $en ngua)j
enBj
Vlose(l)j
enBj
begin
teaBhn.utj
riteUut.utj
enB"
n n
17 n P
77 M p
op 1 2
Bi &!/!000 - Bi $on < hHu
V: rHt ni<u c)c b!." Sau D$ l, mt +,i c)c _ c)c ban tam '/oE
0 1 0 0 0 0 0
0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 0
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 0
0
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 1 0
0
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 0
0
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 1 0
0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 0
0
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
`_ t-m !t ngiQm c@a b,i n,$ c6ng ta ./i sf BCng tu3t to)n `Q qu$ F zua$ lui" Sau D$
l, c4ng tr-n* ca$ ra P2 ngiQm +, gi c)c '!t qu/ : ra lile Xm"UmI"
K*BF*#K*NK*gF*kF*hK*SK*GF*UF*PF*zK*tK*SK*IF*8K*cK
Z 1pnyM*0*p77np0
uses crtj
const lo L au"outj
n L yj
+ar E arra$1""n*1""n ol b$tej
c E arra$1""n ol b$tej
Bc1 E arra$2""2n ol b$tej
Bc2 E arra$1Fn""nF1 ol b$tej
sn E integerj
l E tebtj
.roceBure ginoj
+ar i*d E b$tej
begin
inc(sn)j
riteln(l*Ggiem tu *sn* la E)j
lor i EL 1 to n Bo
begin
lor d EL 1 to n Bo
rite(l*i*d*n2)j
riteln(l)j
enBj
riteln(l)j
enBj
.roceBure +et(i E b$te)j
100 Problems & Solutions Page op
+ar d E b$tej
begin
il i L nK1 ten
begin
ginoj
ebitj
enBj
lor d EL 1 to n Bo
il (cd L0)anB(Bc1iKdL0) anB (Bc2iFdL0) ten
begin
i*d EL 1j cd EL 1j Bc1iKd EL1 j Bc2iFd EL 1j
+et(iK1)j
i*d EL 0j cd EL 0j Bc1iKd EL0 j Bc2iFd EL 0j
enBj
enBj
BNkhG
assign(l*lo)j
rerite(l)j
+et(1)j
close(l)j
NG#"
Bi &&/!000 - 'A ho 0On *\n
a" ZO o)E
PNVN t,n mgX
XNS IXN UtS# t,n Zgz Z BIzh
h SU8N SPthGk t,n G zI cmGSS"
b" zui tWc gi/i mO c)c Bing c= O 2c mO o) teo qu$ tWc tr%nE (lH$ +A BC 'v tw c)E
FI-m s t5 tw t4ng 5ng c@a 'A tw* ta 2c 2n"
FITng gi) tr^ s n,$ l%n 21 (twc ra l, gi/m gi) tr^ s n,$ i 7 rYi cng +1i 2p)* ta 2c MM"
FI-m s B trong .. cia s n,$ co 2p ta 2c 1y"
FIra ng2c b/ng c= c)i ta tu 2c S"
Qi3i -R :
G gtg chS t,n h Z SIm#NGI
GS>I8tgGXc t,n hGgUzZIhVS"
ZgSIG SgGISgz SGB8cG# t,n XGUh GIhUGS mGhNzShI"
Sau D$ l, c4ng tr-n m( t/ tu3t to)n gi/i qu$!t b,i nne2000* gYm 2 t@ tCc cAn l,E
>+ho+tu (cu$_n bDu t,n bDu mO o)) +, #i+i>+tu (cu$_n bDu t,n bDu gi/i mO)" V)c
ban c: t_ bem '!t qu/ sau 'i ca$ c4ng tr-n bng c)c Hn lt K g7"
{$A+,B-,D+,E+,F-,G-,I+,L+,N-,O-,P-,Q+,R+,S+,T-,V+,X+}
{$M 16384,0,655360}
uses crt;
function mahoa(x : char) : char;
var vtri : byte;
begin
if upcase(x) in ['A'..'Z'] then
begin
vtri := ord(upcase(x))-ord('A');
vtri := vtri+5;
mahoa := char( vtri mod 26+ord('A'));
end
else mahoa := x;
end;
100 Problems & Solutions Page oo
function giaima(x : char) : char;
var vtri : byte;
begin
if upcase(x) in ['A'..'Z'] then
begin
vtri := ord(upcase(x))-ord('A');
vtri := vtri-5+26;
giaima := char( vtri mod 26 + ord('A'));
end
else giaima := x;
end;
procedure mahoatu(s : string);
var i : byte;
begin
write(s,' -> ');
for i := 1 to length(s) do write(mahoa(s[i]));
writeln;
end;
procedure giaimatu(s : string);
var i : byte;
begin
write(s,' <- ');
for i := 1 to length(s) do write(giaima(s[i]));
writeln;
end;
BEGIN
clrscr;
mahoatu('PEACE');
mahoatu('HEAL THE WORLD');
mahoatu('I LOVE SPRING');
giaimatu('N FR F XYZIJSY');
giaimatu('NSKTVRFYNHX');
giaimatu('MFSTN SFYNTSFQ ZSNBJVXNYD');
END.
Bi &+/!000 - 'A ho 0 gi\i %A
Program bainMj
mses crtj
Vonst
UrB E arra$* "" ol b$te L(0* 1* 2* n* M* 7* p* o* y* P* 10* 11* 12* 1n* 1M* 17* 1p* 1o* 1y* 1P*
20* 21* 22* 2n* 2M* 27)j
cr E arra$0""27 ol car L (* B* V* #* N* g* k* X* h* * >* S* Z* G* U* P* z*
t* S* I* m* 8* * c* * )j
8ar sEstringj
i* dEintegerj cEcarj
Begin
SELj
riteln(Ga. bau 'i tuE)j
te.eat
cEL teaB>e$j
hl (c in a""* "") ten
Begin
c EL m.case(c)j rite(c)j
100 Problems & Solutions Page oy
S EL S K cj
NnBj
mntil c L 1nj ritelnj
gor i EL 1 to lengt(s) Bo
hl Si x ten Si EL cr(orBsi K 7) moB 2pj
riteln(cau 'i tu tren Buoc ma oa laE)j rite(s)j teaBlnj
SEL j
riteln(Ga. bau 'i tu can giai maE)j
te.eat
c EL teaB'e$j
hl (c in a""* "") ten
Begin
c EL m.case(c)j rite(c)j
s EL s K cj
NnBj
mntil c L 1nj ritelnj
lor i EL 1 to lengtS) Bo
hl Si x ten Si EL cr(UrBSi K 21) moB 2pj
riteln(cau 'i tu tren Buoc giai ma laE)j rite(s)j
teaBlnj
NnB"
V)c ban cung c: t_ sf BCng lai 2 t@ tCc >+ho+tu +, #i+i>+tu ; b,i nne2000 _ gi/i b,i
n,$" 8iQc ti!t '! giao BiQn 'i n3. bDu t] b,n .Am bin B,n co c)c ban"
Bi &//!000 - =c :h>n -, 5]c -T: U):
Program bain7j
mses crtj
I$.e Panso L (tu* mau)j
8ar gE arra$1""M000* .anso ol integerj
G* Bem E hntegerj
ProceBure na.j
Begin
rite(Ga. so GE)j teaBln(G)j
g1*tu EL 0j g1*mau EL 1j Bem EL 2j
gBem* tu EL 1j gBem*mau EL 1j
NnBj
ProceBure Ven(t*m*iEhnteger)j
8ar dEintegerj
Begin
hnc(Bem)j
gor d EL Bem Bonto i K 1 Bo
begin
gd*tu EL gdF1*tuj
gd*mau EL gdF1*mauj
enBj
gi*tu EL tj gi*mau EL mj
NnBj
Program bulij
8ar t*m*iEintegerj
Begin
lor mEL2 to G Bo
100 Problems & Solutions Page oP
lor tEL1 to mF1 Bo
begin
iEL1j
ile (gi*tum x gi*maut) Bo inc(i)j
hl (gi*tum gi*maut) ten cen(t*m*i)j
enBj
NnBj
ProceBure buatj
+ar iEintegerj
Begin
lor iEL2 to Bem Bo
begin
hl erec o7 ten ritelnj
hl ere 2M ten
begin
rite(Gan Nnter Be tie. tuc)j
teaBlnj
enBj
rite(Iat ca co* Bem* .an so")j
teaBlnj
NnBj
BNkhG
na.j
bulij
cuatj
NG#"
Bi &2/!000 - ^nh chng h $i_n
SiQt '% s ti<n ./i tr/ co t]ng ci!c c6c rYi cng lai* ta 2c b/ng sauE
I5 tw S ti<n Vng BYn
1 1 1
2 2 n
n M o
M y 17
7 1p n1
p n2 pn
o pM 12o
y 12y 277
P 27p 711
10 712 102n
11 102M 20Mo
12 20My M0P7
1n M0Pp y1P1
1M y1P2 1pnyn
17 1pnyM n2opo
1p n2opy p77n7
1o p77np 1n10o1
1y 1n10o2 2p21Mn
(L 2
1y
F1)
100 Problems & Solutions Page y0
G +3$ an ta ./i tr/ 2p21Mn Yng +, an ta r r,ng l, b^ nqng Bo ./i tr/ gH. 4n
20 ln so +1i c)c t5 nHt"
Bi &8/!000 - M, -i1u nguB1n $,
Program Bainoj
Su.erPrimej
+ar a*bE arra$ 1""100 ol longintj
G*i*'*'a*'b*csE b$tej
gunction Prime(GE longint)E booleanj
8ar iE longintj
Begin
hl (GL0) or (GL1) ten
PrimeELlalse
Nlse
Begin
iEL2j
ile (G moB i x 0) anB (i xL Sqrt(G)) Bo hnc(i)j
hl i Sqrt(G) ten
PrimeELtrue Nlse PrimeELlalsej
NnBj
NnBj
BNkhG
rite (Ga. GE )j
teaBln (G)j
'aEL1j a'aEL0j
gor iEL1 to G Bo
Begin
>bEL0j
gor 'EL1 to 'a Bo
gor csEL0 to P Bo
hl Prime(a'10Kcs) ten
Begin
hnc('b)j
b'bELa'10Kcsj
enBj
'aEL'bj
gor 'EL1 to 'a Bo
a'ELb'j enBj
gor 'EL1 to 'a Bo
rite(a'E10)j
ritelnj
riteln(Vo tat ca*'a*so sieu ngu$en to co*G*cu so")j
teaBlnj
NG#"
Bi &</!000 - Ta% gic -,
mses Vrtj
Vonst in.LhGPmI"IcIj
8ar G*SmabE integerj
aE arra$ 1""100*1""100 ol integerj
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
ProceBure Ga.j
8ar lE tebtj
i*dE integerj
Begin
ssign(l*in.)j
teset(l)j
teaBln(l*n)j
gor iEL1 to G Bo
begin
gor dEL1 to i Bo teaB(l*ai*d)j
teaBln(l)j
enBj
Vlose(l)j
NnBj
ProceBure Iu(S*i*dE integer)j
8ar '*SneE integerj
Begin
SneELSKai*dj
hl iLG ten
begin
hl SneSmab ten SmabELSnej
enB
else
gor 'ELd to dK1 Bo Iu(Sne* iK1* ')j
NnBj
BNkhG
Ga.j
SmabEL0j
Iu(0*1*1)j
rite(Smab L *Smab)j
teaBlnj
NG#"
#1i D$ c)c ban c: t_ tam '/o li gi/i c@a ban Pam `5c Ian B?ng .4ng .).
qu$ oac ng tr%n m/ng ai ci<uE
Program bainyj
mses crtj
I$.e mang L arra$1""100*1""100 ol integerj
8ar
lEtebtj
i*d*nEintegerj
a*bEmangj
ProceBure hn.utj
Begin
clrscrj
ssign(l*in.ut"tbt)j
reset(l)j
reaBln(l*n)j
lor dEL1 to n Bo
begin
lor iEL2 to dK1 Bo
reaB(l*ad*i)j
enBj
close(l)j
enBj
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
gunction Zab(m*nEinteger)Eintegerj
Begin
il nm ten ZabELn
else ZabELmj
enBj
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
ProceBure Za'erra$UlzX#j
Begin
b1*2ELa1*2j
lor dEL1 to n Bo bd*1ELFmabintj
lor iELn to n Bo b1*iELFmabintj
lor dEL2 to n Bo
begin
lor iEL2 to dK1 Bo
bd*iELad*iKmab(bdF1*i*bdF1*iF1)j
enBj
enBj
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
ProceBure ginBZabj
+ar mabEintegerj
Begin
mabELbn*1j
lor iEL2 to n Bo
il bn*imab ten mabELbn*ij
riteln(SmabEL*mab)j
reaBlnj
enBj
BNkhG
hn.utj
ma'earra$olzX#j
ginBZabj
NG#"
"hHn IqtE Si gi/i B?ng tu3t to)n qu$ oac ng c@a Pam `5c Ian tt 4n rHt ni<u
so +1i tu3t to)n Q qu$ qua$ lui"
Bi &9/!000 - ` chG
K*BF*#K*NK*gF*kF*hK*SK*GF*UF*PF*zK*tK*SF*IF*8K*cK
Z 1pnyM*0*p77np0
uses crtj
const li L in.ut"tbtj
lo L out.ut"tbtj
+ar E arra$1""7*1""7 ol carj
ne*blan' E recorB b*$ E integer enBj
100 Problems & Solutions Page yn
.roceBure nonoanBnoj
+ar l E tebtj
begin
assign(l*lo)j
rerite(l)j
rite(l*Iis .ule as no linal conliguration")j
close(l)j
altj
enBj
.roceBure $es$esanB$esj
+ar l E tebtj
i*d E b$tej
begin
assign(l*lo)j
rerite(l)j
lor i EL 1 to 7 Bo
begin
lor d EL1 to 7 Bo
rite(l*ai*d)j
riteln(l)j
enBj
close(l)j
enBj
.roceBure sa.(.b*.$ E integer)j
+ar coc E carj
begin
ne"b EL blan'"b K .bj
ne"$ EL blan'"$ K .$j
il (ne"b 7) or (ne"$ 7) or (ne"b x1) or (ne"$ x1) ten
nonoanBnoj
coc EL ne"b*ne"$j
ne"b*ne"$ EL blan'"b*blan'"$j
blan'"b*blan'"$ ELcocj
blan' EL nej
enBj
.roceBure cu$en(c E car)j
begin
case c ol
E sa.( F1*0)j
B E sa.( 1*0)j
t E sa.( 0* 1)j
S E sa.( 0*F1)j
enBj
enBj
.roceBure Boclj
+ar l E tebtj
i*d E b$tej
s E string7j
c E carj
begin
assign(l*li)j
reset(l)j
lor i EL1 to 7 Bo
begin
reaBln(l*s)j
il lengt(s) L M ten s EL sK n2j
lor d EL 1 to 7 Bo
100 Problems & Solutions Page yM
begin
i*d EL sdj
il i*d L n2 ten
begin
blan'"b EL ij
blan'"$ EL dj
enBj
enBj
enBj
ile not see'eol(l) Bo
begin
reaB(l*c)j
il c L 0 ten ebitj
cu$en(c)j
enBj
close(l)j
enBj
BNkhG
clrscrj
Boclj
$es$esanB$esj
NG#"
Bi +0/!000 - 'B Lnh 0L Sa?io
mses crtj
Vonst nmab L n0j
Uut.ut L P2o"outj
hn.ut L P2o"in.j
I$.e
str20 L string20j
8ar
IoaBo E rra$1""nmab*1""2 ol realj
Ien#en*Ien#en1*Ien#en2 E rra$1""nmab ol str20j
n*d*i*'Eintegerj
IB1*IB2Earra$1""2 ol integerj
goc*g1*g2*+*lEarra$1""2 ol realj
t1*t2Earra$1""2 ol integerj
bB*$B*b*$* b1*b2*$1*$2Earra$1""2 ol realj
lEtebtj
gunction tg(bE real)E realj
Begin
il cos(b)x0 ten tgELsin(b)ecos(b)j
NnBj
ProceBure #oc#en(+ar sEstr20)j
8ar BEcarj
Begin
re.eat
reaB(l*B)j
mntil (Bx )j
sELj
ile (Bx ) Bo
begin
sELsKBj
teaB(l*B)j
NnBj
NnBj
gunction cBIoaBo(sEstr20)Ehntegerj
8ar iEintegerj
Begin
iEL1j
ile (ixLn) anB (sx tenBeni) Bo inc(i)j
cBIoaBoELij
NnBj
ProceBure hn.ut#enj
8ar iEintegerj
Begin
ssign(l*in.ut)j
teset(l)j
teaBln(l*n)j
gor iEL1 to n Bo
Begin
#oc#en(Ien#eni)j
teaBln(l*IoaBoi*1*IoaBoi*2)j
NnBj
NnBj
ProceBure hn.ut'icbanj
Begin
teaBln(l*')j
gor iEL1 to ' Bo
Begin
teaBln(l* goci*+i)j
teaB(l*t1i)j
#ocBen(tenBen1i)j
IB1iELcBtoaBo(tenBen1i)j
teaBln(l*g1i)j
teaB(l*t2i)j
#ocBen(tenBen2i)j
IB2iELcBtoaBo(tenBen2i)j
teaBln(l*g2i)j
NnBj
Vlose(l)j
NnBj
ProceBure #oij
Begin
gor dEL1 to ' Bo
Begin
gocdELgocd.ie1y0j
g1dELg1d.ie1y0j
g2dELg2d.ie1y0j
ldEL(t2dFt1d)+dj
NnBj
NnBj
ProceBure IinIoanj
Begin
ssign(l*out.ut)jterite(l)j
gor dEL1 to ' Bo
100 Problems & Solutions Page yp
Begin
b1dELIoaBotB1d*1j
$1dELIoaBotB1d*2j
b2dELIoaBotB2d*1j
$2dELIoaBotB2d*2j
bBdELb1dKldsin(gocd)j
$BdEL$1dKldcos(gocd)j
hl (cos(gocdKg2d)L0) or (cos(gocdKg1d)L0) ten
riteln(l*Scenario *d*E Position cannot be BetermineB)
else
Begin
$dEL (bBd F b2d F $Bdtg(gocd K g1d) K $2dtg(gocd K g2d))e(tg(gocd K
g2d) F tg(gocd K g1d))j
bdEL b2d F ($2d F $d)tg(gocd K g2d)j
riteln(l*Scenario *d*E Positino is (* bdEpE2* $dEpE2*)) j
enBj
NnBj
NnBj
BNkhG
hn.ut#enj
hn.ut'icbanj
#oij
IinIoanj
Vlose(l)j
NG#"
Bi +1/!000 - =6 D$hbaao
Program baiM1j Vo Utello
mses Vrt j
Vonst hn. L otello"hn. j
Uut L otello"out j
nmab L 70j
uongiEarra$1""y ol integer L (F1*F1*F1*0*0*1*1*1)j
uongdEarra$1""y ol integer L (F1*0*1*F1*1*F1*0*1)j
I$.e
Zang1 L rra$ 1""nmab ol stringn j
Zang2 L rra$ 1""y*1""y ol car j
8ar lE tebtj
aE mang2j lEmang1j
cE carj n* '* coBeEintegerj
BiEarra$1""y*1""y ol booleanj
b0*$0Earra$1""nmab ol integerj
LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
ProceBure na.j
8ar i*d E B$te j
Begin
ssign(l*in.) j
teset(l) j
lor iEL1 to y Bo
begin
lor dEL1 to y Bo teaB(l*ai*d) j
teaBln(l) j
100 Problems & Solutions Page yo
enBj
teaBln(l*c) j
iEL0j
ile not eol(l) Bo
begin
inc(i)j
teaBln(l*li)j
enBj
nELij
NnB j
LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
ProceBure 'iemtra(i*dEinteger)j
8ar mEintegerj
Begin
Vase c ol
BE hl ai*d L B ten
Begin
mEL 1j
re.eat
il (aiKuongim*dKuongdm L )
anB(iKuongim0)anB(dKuongdm0)
anB(iK2uongim0)anB(dK2uongdm0)
anB(iKuongimxP)anB(dKuongdmxP)
anB(iK2uongimxP)anB(dK2uongdmxP)
anB( iK2uongim*dK2uongdm L F)
ten
Bi iK2uongim*dK2uongdm EL Iruej
mELmK1j
until myj
NnBj
E hl (ai*d L ) ten
Begin
mEL 1j
re.eat
il (a iKuongim*dKuongdm L B)
anB(iKuongim0)anB(dKuongdm0)
anB(iK2uongim0)anB(dK2uongdm0)
anB(iKuongimxP)anB(dKuongdmxP)
anB(iK2uongimxP)anB(dK2uongdmxP)
anB(aiK2uongim*dK2uongdm L F)
ten
BiiK2uongim*dK2uongdm EL Iruej
mELmK1j
until myj
enBj
NnBjol Vase
NnBj
LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
ProceBure liet'ej
8ar
i*d*mE hntegerj
tE Booleanj
100 Problems & Solutions Page yy
Begin
tEL lalsej
lor iEL1 to y Bo
lor dEL 1 to y Bo
Bii*dELlalsej
lor iEL1 to y Bo
lor dEL 1 to y Bo 'iemtra(i*d)j
lor iEL 1 to y Bo
lor dEL 1 to y Bo
hl Bii*d ten
Begin
tEL Iruej
rite (l*(*i***d*))j
NnBj
hl tLlalse ten rite (l* Go legal mo+e")j
riteln(l)j
NnBj
LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
ProceBure latco(b0*$0Einteger)j
8ar mEintegerj
Begin
Vase c ol
BE il ab0*$0 LFten
begin
mEL 1j
re.eat
hl (ab0F2uongim*$0F2uongdm L B)
anB(ab0Fuongim*$0Fuongdm L )
ten
begin
ab0*$0ELBj
ab0Fuongim*$0Fuongdm EL Bj
enBj
mELmK1j
until myj
enBj
E il ab0*$0 LFten
begin
mEL 1j
re.eat
hl (ab0F2uongim*$0F2uongdm L )
anB(ab0Fuongim*$0Fuongdm L B)
ten
begin
ab0*$0ELj
ab0Fuongim*$0Fuongdm EL j
enBj
mELmK1j
until myj
enBj
enBj
100 Problems & Solutions Page yP
NnBj
LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
ProceBure Iucien('Einteger)j
8ar
i*d*bb*$$*bb1*$$1E hntegerj
coBe*mE hntegerj
Begin
lor iEL 1 to y Bo
lor dEL 1 to y Bo
begin
il ai*dLten $$1EL$$1K1j
il ai*dLBten bb1ELbb1K1j
enBj
bbEL 0j $$EL 0j
lor iEL 1 to y Bo
hl not Bib0'*$0' ten
begin
Vase c Ul
EcEL Bj
BEcEL j
NnBj
lor iEL 1 to y Bo
hl not Bib0'*$0' ten
Vase c Ul
EcEL j
BEcEL Bj
NnBj
enBj
latco(b0'*$0')j
lor iEL 1 to y Bo
lor dEL 1 to y Bo
begin
il ai*dLten $$EL$$K1j
il ai*dLBten bbELbbK1j
enBj
riteSn (l*Blac' F *bb* ite F *$$ )j
il (bbxbb1)anB($$x$$1) ten
Vase c Ul
EcEL Bj
BEcEL j
NnBj
NnBj
LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
ProceBure 'ettucj
8ar
i*dEhntegerj
Begin
lor iEL 1 to y Bo
begin
100 Problems & Solutions Page P0
lor dEL 1 to y Bo rite (l*a i*d)j
riteln(l)j
enBj
NnBj
LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
Begin
clrscrj
na.j
ssign(l*out)j
terite(l)j
lor 'EL1 to n Bo
Vase l'1 ol
SE Siet'ej
ZEbegin
8al(l'2*b0'*coBe)j
8al(l'n*$0'*coBe)j
Iucien(')j
enBj
zE 'ettucj
NnBj
Vlose(l)j
NnB"
Bi +!/!000 - 'J$ chh$ 0 $5 ?uB -, hYc
ki/ sf l, s ./i t-m* 'i : ./i c: BangE
L 2'
1
K 1 L n'
2
K2 L """ L 10'
P
K P ('
1
* '
2
* """* '
P
F l, c)c s tw ni%n)"
>i : K 1 L 2('
1
K 1) L n('
2
K1 ) L """ L 10('
P
K 1)"
83$ K1 ./i l, BSVGG (bi s cung n| nHt) c@a (2* n* """* 10) L 2720"
#o : s ./i t-m l, L 271P"
Bi +&/!000 - ii% gi6 0 ei% :hh$ g9: nhau *ao nhi1u an $rong ngB
Ia c: c)c n3n bt sauE
K >im .6t ca$ nan gH. 12 ln 'im gi" ki/ sf g[i + l, +3n tc ca$ c@a 'im gi* 'i :
+3n tc c@a 'im .6t l, 12+"
K Z&i gi 'im .6t ca$ mt +ing +, gq. 'im gi mt ln" G +3$ trong 2M gi* 'im gi
+, 'im .6t ss gq. nau 2M ln" IHt ni%n n=ng ln gq. nau trong 12 gi u cung n
c)c ln gq. nau trong 12 gi sau" 8, c)c ln gq. nau l6c 0 gi* 12 gi +, 2M gi l, tr?ng
nau +, gq. nau +,o cAn b)c c)c gi :"
#o :* ; D$ ta c9 bt trong cu '- mt +ing c@a 'im gi (t5c l, t] 0 gi !n 12 gi)"
ki/ sf 'im gi +, 'im .6t gq. nau l6c gi ( L 0* 1* 2* n* """* 10* 11) +, s .6t" 8, gi/ sf
bt quOng ng 2c o teo 4n +^ l, .6t" #o ti gian ca$ l, n nau n%n ta c:E
p0"
12
h s s
h h
+
=
p0 L 11s
s L
p0
11
h
"
Ia$ ln l2t L 0* 1* 2* n* """* 10* 11 +,o ta ss tAn 2c s"
8A BCE
81i L 0*
s L 0
>im gi +, 'im .6t gq. nau 6ng +,o l6c 0 gi"

L 1*
s L
p0
11
L
7
7
11

>im gi +, 'im .6t gq. nau l6c 1 gi
7
7
11
.6t"
L 2*
s L
10
10
11

>im gi +, 'im .6t gq. nau l6c 2 gi

10
10
11
.6t"
""""
L 11*
s L p0j 11 gi p0 .6t L 12 gi
>im gi +, 'im .6t gq. nau 6ng +,o l6c

12 gi"
Bi ++/!000 - T(o %a $rHn -,
Program mangj
uses crtj
const nLPj
+ar aEarra$1""n*1""n ol integerj
i*d*'Eintegerj tEbooleanj
Begin
clrscrj
lor dEL1 to n Bo
Begin
a1*dELdj
ad*1ELa1*dj
enBj
iEL1j
re.eat
iELiK1j
lor dELi to n Bo
begin
tEL lalsej
lor 'EL 2 to dF1 Bo il (a'F1*ia'*i) ten tELtruej
il t ten
begin
il adF1*iK2 n2 ten ad*iEL2 else ad*iELadF1*iK2j
ai*dELad*ij
enB
else
begin
il adF1*iKi2n ten ad*iEL2 else ad*iELadF1*iKij
ai*dELad*ij
enBj
enBj
until iLnj
lor iEL1 to n Bo
begin
lor dEL1 to n Bo rite(ai*dEM)j
ritelnj
enBj
reaBlnj
enB"
Bi +//!000 - =c 0ng $rn DaB%:ic
zF
Z p7000 0 p77np0
Program 8ongIronj
mses Vrt*#osj
Vonst Zab L nPj
gileout L 8Iron"outj
#+t E arra$ 1 "" 7*0 "" y ol b$te L ((y*1*2*n *M *7 *p *o*y)*
(p*2*n*M *P *10*11*0*0)*
(p*M*7*p *11*12*1n*0*0)*
(M*p*o*1n*1M*0 *0 *0*0)*
(M*1*2*P *17*0 *0 *0*0))j
#0 E arra$ 1 "" 7 ol b$te L (y*11*1n*1M*17)j
I$.e Simt L 0 "" Zabj
Zang L arra$ Simt ol b$tej
8ar *B E Zangj
Bm E longintj
lout E tebtj
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
ProceBure Iimej
8ar *'*i*d E orBj
Begin
kettime(*'*i*d)j
riteln(* E *'* E *i*"*d)j
NnBj
ProceBure Uut.utj
8ar i*d E b$tej
Begin
hnc(Bm)j
gor i EL 1 to 17 Bo rite(lout*i* )j
riteln(lout)j
NnBj
gunction kI(d0*count E sortint) E b$tej
8ar s*i0 E sortintj
Begin
s EL 0j
gor i0 EL 1 to #+td0*0 Bo
il #+td0*i0 xL count ten hnc(s*#+td0*i0)j
kI EL sj
NnBj
ProceBure Ir$(s0*count*'0 E sortint)j
8ar i0 E sortintj
Begin
il (count xL #0'0) anB (s0 xL Zab) ten
gor i0 EL 1 to ZabFs0 Bo il Bi0 L 0 ten
Begin
Bi0 EL 1j
count EL i0j
il (count L #0'0) anB (s0 K i0 L Zab) ten
Begin
il '0 L 7 ten Uut.ut else Ir$(gt('0 K 1*count)*count K 1*'0 K 1)j
100 Problems & Solutions Page Pn
NnB else Ir$(s0 K i0*count K 1*'0)j
Bi0 EL 0j
NnBj
NnBj
ProceBure Processj
Begin
clrscrj
Iimej
ssign(lout*lileout)jrerite(lout)j
gillcar(*sieol()*0)j
BEL j Bm EL 0j
Ir$(0*1*1)j
riteln(lout*So cac E *Bm)j
close(lout)j Iimej
NnBj
BNkhG
Processj
NG#"
V)c gi '!t qu/ trong lile c$ronuou$ n sauE trong m&i Bing gi mt c)c qt c)c s teo
t5 tw t] 1 !n 17 teo c)c )n s n tr%n -n +s" S c)c b!. 2c gi ; cui tQ."
(<@i #ii c9+ :;n 6[ Th+nh Tsn# ? <bL ,- Tin ? PTTH chu$n ThSi kGnh)
Bi +2/!000 - \o chG ci
K*BF*#K*NK*gF*kF*hK*SK*GF*UF*PF*zF*tK*SK*IF*8K*cK*K
Z 1pnyM*0*p77np0
(#u lieu +aoE lile in."tbt +oi cac tu 'ac nau* moi tu gi o mot Bongj
#u lieu raE lile out"tbt )
PtUktZ Sinoan+ij
mSNS Vrtj
VUGSI
Zc L 100j
hGP L in."tbtj
UmI L out"tbtj
IPN
SIt L arra$0""mab ol carj
8t
100 Problems & Solutions Page PM
s Estrj
l*g Etebtj
n Elongintj so luong tu
timeElongint j
PtUVN#mtN Ga.Blj
Begin
ssign(l*in.)j
ssign(g*out)j
teset(l)j
terite(g)j
teaBln(l*n)j
NnBj
PtUVN#mtN #oc#a$(+ar sEstr)j
Begin
gillcar(s*sieol(s)*cr(0))j
ile not eoln(l) Bo
begin
s0ELcr(orB(s0)K1)j
reaB(l*sorB(s0))j
enBj
NnBj
PtUVN#mtN 8iet#a$(sEstr)j
8ar i EorBj
Begin
gor iEL1 to orB(s0) Bo rite(g*si)j
NnBj
PtUVN#mtN Sa.be.(l*rEorB)j giai tuat zuic'sort
8ar i*d EorBj
tg*tam Ecarj
Begin
iELljdELrj
tgELs(lKr) Bi+ 2j
te.eat
ile orB(si) x orB(tg) Bo inc(i)j
ile orB(sd) orB(tg) Bo Bec(d)j
hl ixLd ten
begin
tamELsij
siELsdj
sdELtamj
inc(i)j
Bec(d)j
enBj
mntil idj
hl dl ten Sa.be.(l*d)j
hl ixr ten Sa.be.(i*r)j
NnBj
PtUVN#mtN Sin+(sEstr)j
8ar +ti*+td*i*dEorBj
sto. Ebooleanj
tam Ecarj
Begin
riteln(g)j
8iet#a$(s)j
te.eat
Sto.ELtruej
gor iEL orB(s0) Bonto 2 Bo
hl si siF1 ten
begin
+tiELiF1j
sto.ELlalsej
gor dELorB(s0) Bonto +tiK1 Bo
begin
hl (orB(sd)orB(s+ti)) ten
begin
+tdELdj
brea'j
enBj
enBj
tamELs+tdj
s+tdELs+tij
s+tiELtamj
gor dEL1 to ((orB(s0) F (+tiK1))K1) Bi+ 2 Bo
begin
tamELs+tiKdj
s+tiKdELsorB(s0)FdK1j
sorB(s0)FdK1ELtamj
enBj
riteln(g)j
8iet#a$(s)j
brea'j
enBj
mntil sto.j
NnBj
PtUVN#mtN cul$j
8ar iElongintj
Begin
gor iEL1 to n Bo
begin
#oc#a$(s)j
reaBln(l)j
Sa.be.(1*orB(s0))j
Sin+(s)j
riteln(g)j
enBj
Vlose(l)j
Vlose(g)j
NnBj
100 Problems & Solutions Page Pp
BNkhG
Ga.Blj
cul$j
NG#"
(<@i #ii c9+ :;n "#u$en Vit ktn# ? <bL ,5 Tin ? T8&@n# Lhr thEn# "fn# Khiu ? 6Hca
TPHCZ)
Bi +8/!000 - Vo -, $r1n 0ng $rn
Si gi3i %E
Progra% +Bj
l-b- crtj
car sEarra$1""2000 ox integerj
iEintegerj
Bbgin
Vlrscrj
xor iEL0 $o 1PPP ?o siELiK1j
s2000EL1j
iEL1j
rb:ba$
siELssij
iELsij
un$ia
siLij
riteln(i)j
reaBlnj
wn?"
(<@i #ii c9+ :;n: H Hu$ <u=n)
Si gi3i :E
Progra% boasoj
=on-$ GL2000j
car bEintegerj
Cunc$ion to.o(bEinteger)Eintegerj
car PEintegerj
Bbgin
PEL1j
Sb:ba$
.EL.2j
ln$ia .bj
to.oEL. Bi+ 2j
wn?j
Bw3IE
bEL1K2(GFto.o(G))j
rite(b)j
wE@"
(<@i #ii c9+ :;n: "#u$en cu+n# T8un# ? <bL ,-N T8&@n# HuvZN"" aZu_"uvP 6 <;tP
<=> 6dn#)
Si gi3i ;E
100 Problems & Solutions Page Po
( Iuat kiai cu l$ Bit )
lMwM Vrtj
=DEMT
Zab L 2000j
c^S
E arra$0""(Zc ?i0 y) ox b$tej
soE orBj
ClE=TIDE Sa$bit(iEorB)Eb$tej
car 'EorBj
Bbgin
'ELi ?i0 yj
iELi %o? yj
Sa$bitEL(a' -hr (oFi)) an? 1j
wn?j
PSD=w@lSw Iatbit(iEorB)j
car 'EorBj
Bbgin
'ELi ?i0 yj
iELi %o? yj
a'ELa' an? (no$ (1 sl (oFi)))j
wn?j
ClE=TIDE Iim(dEorB)EorBj
Bbgin
|hiab (la$bit(dK1)L0) ?o
*bgin
Ix dLmabF1 $hbn dEL0
ba-b inc(d)j
bn?j
IimELdK1j
wn?j
PSD=w@lSw cul$j
car d*Bem*i EorBj
Bbgin
dEL1jBemEL0j
gillcar(a*sieol(a)*277)j
Iatbit(0)j
Sb:ba$
Ix dLmab $hbn dEL0j
dELtim(d)j
Iatbit(d)j
inc(Bem)j
Ix dLmab $hbn dEL0j
dELtim(d)j
mntil BemLmabF1j
Cor iEL0 $o (mab ?i0 y) ?o
Ix aix0 $hbn brea'j
soELi (1 -ha n)j
Cor iELso $o soKo ?o
Ix Sa$bit(i)L1 $hbn brea'j
100 Problems & Solutions Page Py
soELij
riteln( SU IhZ #mUV S E*SUEM)j
riteln( Press Nnter to Sto.""""")j
reaBlnj
wn?j
Bw3IE
Vlrscrj
cul$j
wE@"
(<@i #ii c9+ :;n: "#u$en Vit ktn# ? <bL ,5 Tin ? Phr thEn# "fn# Khiu ?
6HcaUTPHCZ)
Bi +</!000 - EhGng chi)c gHB
Program baiMyj
8ar bEarra$0""10000 ol orBj
B*aEarra$1""1000 ol b$tej
n*.*s*gtmabEorBj
li*loEtebtj
o'Ebooleanj
ProceBure zsort(l*'EorB)j
8ar *i*d*tEorBj
Begin
ELa(lK')Bi+ 2jiELljdEL'j
te.eat
ile ai Bo inc(i)j
ile adx Bo Bec(d)j
hl ixLd ten
Begin
tELaijaiELadjadELtj
inc(i)jBec(d)j
NnBj
mntil idj
il ix' ten zsort(i*')j
il dl ten zsort(l*d)j
NnBj
ProceBure .an(+ar o'Eboolean)j
8ar i*.1*dEorBj
Begin
gillcar(b*sieol(b)*0)jb0EL1j
gor iEL1 to n Bo
hl (BiL0) ten
gor dEL. Bonto ai Bo
hl (bdL0) anB(bdFaix0) ten
Begin
bdELij
il dL. ten
Begin
dELaij
iELnj
NnBj
NnBj
o'EL(b.x0)j
il o' ten
Begin
.1EL.j
100 Problems & Solutions Page PP
te.eat
Bb.1EL1j
.1EL.1Fab.1j
mntil .1L0j
NnBj
NnBj
ProceBure cat(8ar o'Eboolean)j
8ar iEorBj
Begin
gillcar(B*sieol(B)*0)j
te.eat
.an(o')j
mntil not o'j
o'ELtruej
lor iEL n Bonto 1 Bo
il BiL0 ten
Begin
o'ELlalsej
brea'j
NnBj
NnBj
ProceBure Iinj
Begin
gor .ELgtmab to s Bi+ 2 Bo
Begin
cat(o')j
il o' ten
Begin
riteln(lo*.)j
brea'j
NnBj
NnBj
hl not o' ten
riteln(lo*s)j
NnBj
ProceBure Startj
8ar iEorBj
Begin
assign(li*in.ut"tbt)jreset(li)j
assign(lo*out.ut"tbt)jrerite(lo)j
ile not see'eol(li) Bo
Begin
teaBln(li*n)j
il nx0 ten
Begin
gtmabEL0jsEL0j
lor iEL1 to n Bo
Begin
teaB(li*ai)j
sELsKaij
il ai gtmab ten
gtmabELaij
NnBj
zsort(1*n)j
Iinj
NnBj
NnBj
Vlose(li)jVlose(lo)j
NnBj
Begin
Startj
NnB"
P
7 2 1 7 2 1 7 2 1
M
1 2 n M
0
(<@i #ii c9+ :;n Tfn# Hi Nnh ? Hi D&'n# ? TPU Hi Phwn#)
Bi +9/!001 - 'J$ chh$ nhanh $rs
(Dnh cho hc sinh Tiu hcj
Ieo gi/ ti!t 'i cia +, l3. .4ng c@a co mt s l\ bHt ' t- n3n 2c s B n
nau* t5c l,E
n
(moB G) L (moB G)* ; D$ G s l\ bHt '* c[n G l\ sao co G
n
t- ta
./i c:
n
L su$ ra L1"
83$ c9 c: s 1 to/ mOn i<u 'iQn c@a b,i to)n"
Bi /0/!001 - Bi $on "i %u *i
Program babij
mses crtj
+ar +*b*BEintegerj
BNkhG
Vlrscrj
riteln(+ b B ~(L0))j
reaBln(+*b*B)j
il ((+Fb)moB n L0)anB((bKB)(+KB)x0) ten
ile (+Kb)x0 Bo
begin
BELBF1Kn((n+b)Bi+(n+bF1))j
bELbK2Fn((nb)Bi+(nbF1))j
+EL+K2Fn((n+)Bi+(n+F1))j
riteln( *+* *b* *B)j
enB
else riteln(>ong Buoc R)j
reaBlnj
NG#"
(<@i #ii c9+ :;n:"#u$en cu+n# T8un#)
Bi /1/!001 - ThaB $h) $k
.rogram ta$tetuj
+ar
source*BesEarra$1""70ol stringj
nEb$tej
.roceBure initj
+ar
iEb$tej
sEstringj
lEtebtj
begin
assign(l*in.ut2"tbt)j
reset(l)j
nEL0j
ile not eol(l) Bo
begin
reaBln(l*s)j
inc(n)j
ile (sx)anB(s1L ) Bo
Belete(s*1*1)j
il i0 ten
begin
iEL.os( *s)j
BesnELco.$(s*1*iF1)j
ile (ixLlengt(s))anB(siL ) Bo
iELiK1j
sourcenELco.$(s*i*lengt(s)FiK1)j
enBj
enBj
enBj
.roceBure re.lacej
+ar
l*gEtebtj
sEstringj
i*'Eb$tej
begin
assign(l*in.ut1"tbt)j
reset(l)j
assign(g*'q"out)j
rerite(g)j
ile not eol(l) Bo
begin
reaBln(l*s)j
lor 'EL1 to n Bo
lor iEL1 to lengt(s)Flengt(Bes')K1 Bo
il Bes'Lco.$(s*i*lengt(Bes')) ten
begin
Belete(s*i*lengt(Bes'))j
insert(source'*s*i)j
iELiKlengt(source')j
enBj
riteln(g*s)j
enBj
close(l)j
close(g)j
enBj
begin
initj
re.lacej
enB"
Bi /!/!001 - Vc Lnh cc $# gic mng hm $rong %a $rHn
uses crtj
+ar s*n*i*'*d*a1*a2*b1*b2Eintegerj
con*mauEb$tej
aEarra$1""100*1""100ol integerj
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
.roceBure na.j
begin
rite(na. nL2E)jreaBln(n)j
lor iEL1 to n Bo
lor dEL1 to n Bo
begin
rite(na. a*i*dE)j
reaBln(ai*d)j
enBj
enBj
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
.roceBure tinj
begin
clrscrj
na.j
sEL0j
lor iEL1 to nF1 Bo
lor dEL1 to nF1 Bo
il ((ai*dxai*dK1)anB(ai*dK1xaiK1*dK1)anB(aiK1*dK1xaiK1*d))
or((ai*dK1xaiK1*dK1)anB(aiK1*dK1xaiK1*d)anB(aiK1*dxai*d))
or((aiK1*dK1xaiK1*d)anB(aiK1*dxai*d)anB(ai*dxai*dK1))
or((aiK1*dxai*d)anB(ai*dxai*dK1)anB(ai*dK1xaiK1*dK1))
ten inc(s)j
ritelnj
ritelnj
ritelnj
riteln(So luong tu giac Bong o laE*s)j
reaBlnj
enBj
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
.roceBure mabj
+ar tEintegerj
begin
riteln(Ga. nL2E)jreaBln(n)j
iEL1j
a1EL1ja2ELnj
b1EL1jb2ELnj
mauEL0j
tEL0j
ile ixLnn Bo
begin
lor 'ELa1 to a2 Bo
begin
ab1*'ELij
gotob$(7'*b1)j
inc(mau)j
il mau17 ten mauEL1j
tebtcolor(mau)j
rite(i)j
Bela$(o0)jinc(i)j
enBj
lor 'ELb1K1 to b2Kt Bo
begin
a'*a2ELij
gotob$(7(a2)*')j
inc(mau)j
il mau17 ten
mauEL1j
tebtcolor(mau)j
rite(i)j
Bela$(o0)j
inc(i)j
enBj
lor 'ELb2Kt Bonto b1K1 Bo
begin
a'*b2ELij
gotob$(7(b2F1)*')j
inc(mau)j
tebtcolor(mau)j
rite(i)j
Bela$(o0)j
inc(i)j
enBj
lor 'ELa2F2 Bonto a1 Bo
begin
ab1K1*'ELij
gotob$(7'*b1K1)j
inc(mau)j
tebtcolor(mau)j
rite(i)j
Bela$(o0)j
inc(i)j
enBj
Bec(a2*2)j
Bec(b2*2)j
inc(t*2)j
inc(b1*2)j
enBj
il n2 ten sELn(nF2) else sEL1j
ritelnjritelnj
riteln(Bang Bong o mab)jritelnj
riteln(8oi ma tran +uong ca. *n*ti so luong tu giac Bong o lon nat laE*s)j
reaBlnj
NnBj
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
.roceBure minj
begin
clrscrj
riteln(nL2E)jreaBln(n)j
iEL1j
b1EL1j
ile ixLnn Bo
begin
lor 'EL1 to n Bo
begin
ab1*'ELij
inc(mau)j
tebtcolor(mau)j
gotob$(7'*b1)j
rite(i)j
Bela$(o0)j
inc(i)j
enBj
inc(b1)j
enBj
ritelnjritelnjriteln(Bang tren s co gia triL0)j
reaBlnj
NnBj
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
BNkhG
Vlrscrj
re.eat
tebtcolor(ite)j
riteln(1Ecau a (Iin so luong S))j
riteln(2Ecau b (Sa. bang co S lon nat))j
riteln(nEcau c (Sa. bang co S no nat))j
riteln(MEtoat)j
riteln(Von cuc nangE)jreaBln(con)j
case con ol
1E begin
clrscrj
tinj
enBj
2E begin
clrscrj
mabj
enBj
nE begin
clrscrj
minj
enBj
enBjol Vase
clrscrj
until conLMj
NG#"
(<@i #ii c9+ :;n:"#u$en Vit Ho)
Bi /&/!001 - NH: aLch $hng en \o
( Iat ca cac lic Beu la lic 'i ao )
Program bai 7nj
uses crtj
Vonst outLlicao"outj
I$.e mangLarra$1""p*1""o ol integerj
8ar aEmangj
i*d*BemEintegerj
sErealj
lEtebtj
(FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF)
PtUVN#mtN 8ietj
8ar i*dEintegerj
Begin
inc(Bem)j
riteln(l*>a nang tu *Bem)j
lor iEL1 to p Bo
begin
lor dEL1 to o Bo
il ai*dx0 ten rite(l*ai*dEn)
else rite(l*En)j
riteln(l)j
enBj
riteln(l)j
NnBj
(FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF)
PtUVN#mtN Sa.lic('*tEinteger)j
8ar i*d*i1Eintegerj
Begin
lor i1EL' to tK'F1 Bo
begin
dELi1 moB oj
iELi1 Bi+ oj
il dL0 ten
begin
dELoj
Bec(i)j
enBj
aiK1*dELi1F'K1j
enBj
+ietj
NnBj
(FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF)
PtUVN#mtN culij
8ar i*d*'*tEintegerj
Begin
lor 'EL1 to o Bo
lor tEL2y to n1 Bo
begin
lillcar(a*sieol(a)*0)j
Sa.lic('*t)j
enBj
NnBj
(FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF)
BNkhG
clrscrj
assign(l*out)j
rerite(l)j
BemEL0j
culij
close(l)j
NG#"
(<@i #ii c9+ :;n: 6[ "#c S'n)
Bi /+/!001 - B(n hAB g(ch -,
(Dnh cho hc sinh Tiu hc ) THCS)
V6ng ta +i!t ra 10 s ngu$%n t u ti%nE
2 n 7 o 11 1n 1o 1P 2n 2P
l, s c: 1p c= s* c: t_ c5ng min '(ng ': 'Tn lWm rng sau 'i gac i y c= s t-
s n| nHt c: t_ 2c l,E 1111122Pj cin s l1n nHt c: t_ 2c l,E oo1P2n2P" I3t +3$E
a" kac i y c= s* _ s cin lai l, mt s c: y c= s l, n| nHt (gi= ngu$%n t5 tw ban
u)" G-n +,o BO$ s ; tr%n ta tH$ s 1 l, n| nHt* c: nTm c= s 1 +, sau c= s 1
t5 nTm n,$ lai cin ni<u 4n n c= s ')c n=a" #o :* 7 c= s u c@a s cn t-m
cWc cWn ./i l, 7 c= s 1" SA lu3n t4ng tw* _ t-m 2c n c= s cin lai"
b" I4ng tw n t!E c= s P l, l1n nHt* nng sau c= s P u ti%n lai c9 cin lai M c=
s (m, ta cn gi= lai s c: y c= s)* n%n ta '(ng t_ c[n s P l, c= s 5ng u
trong y c= s cn t-m" V= s l1n t5 ai l, o* c: ai c= s o* tHt ni%n ta c[n c= s
o u ti%n (+- sau c= s o t5 2 c9 cin lai p c= s)" SA lu3n t4ng tw* ta t-m 2c c=
s t5 ai trong y c= s cn t-m cung l, c= s o* +, p c= s cin lai ./i t-m tHt ni%n
l, p c= s sau c= s o n,$"
Bi ///!001 - Bi $on chb %T$ %oo
Progra% VeZatmeoj
l-b- crtj
=on-$ tBL200j
car i*d*nEintegerj
outEstringj
lEtebtj
Procb?urb culij
Bbgin
xor iEL1 $o n ?o
*bgin
gotob$(17*iKn)j
xor dEL1 $o n ?o
*bgin
ix (oBB(i))an?(oBB(d)) $hbn
*bgin
tebtcolor(11)j
ix outx $hbn rite(l*Z )
ba-b
*bgin
rite(Z )j
Bela$(tB)j
bn?j
bn?
ba-b
*bgin
tebtcolor(1M)j
ix outx $hbn rite(l*o )
ba-b
*bgin
rite(o )j
Bela$(tB)j
bn?j
bn?j
bn?j
riteln(l)j
bn?j
wn?j
Bw3IE
Vlrscrj tebtcolor(2)j
rite(Ga. nL )j
teaBln(n)j
ix nxL20 $hbn outEL
ba-b
*bgin
outELmatmeo"in.j
riteln(Zo gile meo"in. Be bem 'et qua)j
bn?j
ssign(l*out)j
terite(l)j
riteln(l*(Vu Z >i ieu co con meo* cu o 'i ieu co quan co))j
culij riteln(l)j
riteln(l*Iong cong co *sqr((nK1) ?i0 2)* con meo)j
Vlose(l)j
teaBlnj
wE@"
(<@i #ii c9+ :;n 6[ "#c S'n ? cun# "inh)
Bi /2/!001 - =hia a5fi
Progra% Vialuoi j
l-b- Vrt j
=on-$ gi L SmUh"hGPj
go L SmUh"UmIj
car E ^rraB1""20*1""20Dx hnteger j
B E ^rraB1""20*1""20Dx 0""1 j
Pb*P$E ^rraB1""M Dx Sorthnt j
Z*G*S*S1*S2 E Songhnt j
g E Iebt j
Procb?urb teaBhn.ut j
car i*d Ehntegerj
Bbgin
Vlrscr j SEL 0 j
ssign(g*gi) jteset(g) j
teaBln(g*Z*G)j
Cor iEL1 $o Z ?o
Bbgin
Cor dEL1 $o G ?o
Bbgin
teaB(g*i*d)j
SELSKi*dj
wn?j
teaBln(g)j
wn?j
Vlose(g)j
wn?j
Procb?urb hnnit j
Bbgin
S1 EL S ?i0 2j
Pb1EL 0 jPb2EL 0 jPbnEL1 jPbMELF1 j
P$1EL 1 jP$2ELF1 jP$nEL0 jP$MEL 0 j
wn? j
Procb?urb riteUut.ut j
car i*d Ehntegerj
Bbgin
ssign(g*go)j terite(g)j
Cor iEL1 $o Z ?o
Bbgin
Cor dEL1 $o G ?o
rite(g*Bi*d* )j
riteln(g)j
wn?j
Vlose(g)jXaltj
wn?j
Cunc$ion >tra(b*$ E hnteger) E Boolean j
Bbgin
>traEL galse j
Ix (b in 1""Z) ^n? ($ in 1""G) ^n?
(Bb*$ L 0 ) Thbn >tra EL Irue j
wn?j
Procb?urb Ir$(b*$Ehnteger jSum ESonghnt)j
car i Ehnteger j
Bbgin
Cor iEL1 $o M ?o
Ix >tra(bKPbi*$KP$i) Thbn
Bbgin
b EL b K Pbi j
$ EL $ K P$i j
Sum EL Sum K b*$j
Bb*$ EL 1j
Ix Sum L S2 Thbn riteUut.ut j
Ir$(b*$*Sum) j
Sum EL Sum F b*$j
Bb*$ EL 0j
b EL b F Pbi j
$ EL $ F P$i j
wn? j
wn?j
Procb?urb tun j
8ar i*d E hnteger j
Bbgin
teaBhn.ut jhnnit j
Cor iEL1 $o Z ?o
Cor dEL1 $o G ?o
Ix i*dL S1 Thbn
Bbgin
gillcar(B*SieUl(B)*0)j
Bi*dEL1j
riteUut.utj
wn? j
Cor S2 EL S1 ?o}n$o 1 ?o
Bbgin
gillcar(B*SieUl(B)*0)j
B1*1EL1j
Ir$(1*1*1*1)j
wn?j
wn?j
Bw3IE
tunj
wE@"
V<@i #ii c9+ :;n < S'n Tsn# ? Vhnh PhAc Y
Bi /8/!001 - =hYn -,
(Dnh cho hc sinh Tiu hc ) THCS )
ki/ sf c: m s 1* n s F1 (m* n ngu$%n B4ng) teo gi/ ti!tE
a) m K n L 2000* su$ ra m* n c?ng tAn cn l\"
K G!u m cn* Bo : n cung cn* ta c[n ra me2 s 1 +, ne2 s F1"
K G!u m l\* n l\E
m L 2' K1 L ' K (' K 1)
n L 2q K1 L q K (q K 1)
Su(n c:E ' F q L ('K1) F (qK1)* Bo : ta ss c[n ' s 1 +, q s F1"
83$ ta lu(n c: t_ c[n ra c)c s t|a mOn i<u 'iQn c@a b,i to)n"
b) m K n L 2001 F m +, n '(ng c?ng tAn cn l\"
K G!u m cn F n ./i l, l\E
m L 2' L i K d (gi/ sf c[n i s 1* gi= lai d s 1)
n L 2q K1 L t K s (gi/ sf c[n t s F1* gi= lai s s F1)
Ieo c)c c[n n,$ F i* d ./i c?ng tAn cn l\j t* s '(ng c?ng tAn cn l\"
ki/ sf i cn* d cn* t l\* s cn* Bo :E i K t d K s* n +3$ c)c c[n n,$ '(ng t|a
mOn" V)c trng 2. cin lai bt t4ng tw"
#o :* +1i trng 2. n,$ '(ng t_ c: c)c c[n n,o t|a mOn i<u 'iQn c@a b,i to)n"
Bi /</!001 - T"ng cc -, $W nhi1n ai1n $i):
Progra% bai7yj
l-b- crtj
0ar GElongintj
m*i*Bem*a*limitElongintj
:rocb?urb Sol+ej
*bgin
riteln(Via so *G*E)j
limitELtrunc(sqrt(1KyG)K1) ?i0 2j
xor mEL2 $o limitF1 ?o
ix ((GFm(mF1) ?i0 2) %o? m L0) $hbn
*bgin
aEL(GFm(mF1) ?i0 2) ?i0 mj
inc(Bem)j
riteln(K Vac tu *Bem* E)j
xor iELa $o aKmF1 ?o
*bgin
rite( *i)j
ix (iFaK1) %o? 10L0 $hbn ritelnj
bn?j
ritelnj
bn?j
bn?j
Bw3IE
clrscrj
riteln(Ga. GE )jreaBln(G)j
Sol+ej
ix BemL0 $hbn riteln(>ong te ciaR)
ba-b riteln(Vo tat ca* Bem* cac ciaR)j
reaBlnj
wE@"
(<@i #ii c9+ :;n "#u$en cu%c cu=n ? <bL ,, T
-
? T8&@n# PTTH < Vit ThuHt ? Vinh)
Bi /9/!001 - )% -, X 0uXng
l-b- crtj
=on-$ Ggang L ngang"in.j
#oc L Boc"in.j
Zab L 100j
nE integer L 0j
countE integer L0j
car l1*l2Etebtj
o*i*dEintegerj
a*b*cEarraB1""mab ox booleanj
Bw3IE
clrscrj
ssign(l1*ngang)j ssign(l2*Boc)j
teset(l1)j teset(l2)j
|hiab no$ eoln(l1) ?o
*bgin
teaB(l1*o)j
hnc(n)j
Ix oL1 $hbn anELtrue
ba-b anELlalse
bn?j
teaBln(l1)j
xor iEL 1 $o n ?o
*bgin
xor dEL 1 $o n ?o
*bgin
teaB(l1*o)j
Ix oL1 $hbn bdELtrue
ba-b bdELlalsej
bn?j
teaBln(l1)j
xor dEL1 $o nK1 ?o
*bgin
teaB(l2*o)j
Ix oL1 $hbn cdELtrue
ba-b cd EL lalse
bn?j
teaBln(l2)j
xor dEL1 $o n ?o
*bgin
Ix (ad an? bd an? cd an? cdK1) $hbn
inc(count)j
bn?j
aELbj
bn?j
Vlose(l1)j Vlose(l2)j
rite(Vo* count* in +uongR)j
teaBlnj
wE@"
(<@i #ii c9+ :;n "#u$en Ch Th*c ? <bL ,5N, ? Kh%i chu$n ToSn Tin ? 6H S& Lh;> H
"î)
Bi 20/!001 - TF% -, ?5 cIa :hp: chia
8- 1Pop +, 1Poo l, 2 s ngu$%n li%n ti!. n%n ngu$%n t c?ng nau* Bo : s to/ mOn i<u
'iQn c@a b,i to)n ./i c: BangE
n L 1Pop1Poo' Kop (' l, s ngu$%n)
nng 1Pop1Poo lai cia !t co nP n%n .n B c@a n 'i cia co nP ss l, no (L op F nP)"
Bi 21/!001 - ThuH$ $on in -, 0o %a $rHn
Program Baip1j
mses crtj
8ar aEarra$2""270*2""270 ol F1""1j
n*i*dEintegerj
BNkhG
rite(#oc +ao nE)j teaBln(n)j
gillcar(a* sieol (a)* 0)j
lor iEL1 to n Bo
lor dEL1 to n Bo
begin
hl (i moB 2 x 0) anB (d moB 2 x 0) ten ai*i EL 1j
hl (i moB 2 L 0) anB (d moB 2 L 0) ten ai*i EL F1j
enBj
riteln(Zang Ba Bien laE )j
lor iEL1 to n Bo
begin
lor dEL1 to n Bo rite(ai*dEn)j
ritelnj
enBj
rite(Iong lon nat laE)j
hl n moB 2 L 0 ten rite(0) else rite(n)j
teaBlnj
NG#"
V<@i #ii c9+ :;n T8&'n# 6*c H;nh ? ,- ToSn "fn# Khiu ? H Thnh)
Bi 2!/!001 - =hon V>u
#o s4 buHt 'i ra < n%n trong s c)c li gi/i c@a ban [c gfi !n to, soan* c: t_ c)c ban
O i_u < b,i teo 2 c)c sau D$* ta coi n ai b,i to)nE
1" G!u teo +A BC* t- ta cn c0n BHu +,o bDu ('(ng cn @ P s n trong bDu S* c: t_
b1t mt s s cui c@a bDu* nng ./i teo t5 tw) _ .. tAn n3n 2c bng Z co
tr1c"
2" Ia '(ng _ v !n +A BC c@a < ra* $%u cu cn c0n BHu +,o gi=a c)c s trong bDu
12nM7poyP _ n3n 2c '!t qu/ Z co tr1c"
Sau D$ l, li gi/i c@a ban Ggu${n VA I5c (i_u teo b,i to)n 1)E
Program Baip2j
mses crtj
Vonst lo L cenbau"outj
BauE arra$1""n ol String1L (* F* K)j
sEarra$1""P ol carL(1*2*n*M*7*p*o*y*P)j
8ar BEarra$1""P ol String1j
mElonghntj
lEtebtj
'Eintegerj
lounBEbooleanj
ProceBure hnitj
Begin
rite(Vo ZL)j
teaBln(m)j
lounBELlalsej
enBj
gunction tin(sEstring)Elongintj
8ar i*tElongintj
coBeEintegerj
Begin
iELlengt(s)j
ile not(si in F*K) anB (i0) Bo Bec(i)j
+al(co.$(s*iK1*lengt(s)Fi)*t*coBe)j
hl iL0 ten begin tinELtj ebitj enB
else
begin
Belete(s*i*lengt(s)FiK1)j
hl siLK ten tinELtKtin(s)j
hl siLF ten tinELtin(s)Ftj
enBj
NnBj
ProceBure Iest(iEinteger)j
8ar stEstringj dEintegerj
Begin
stELj
gor dEL1 to i Bo stELstKBdKsdj
hl Iin(st) L m ten begin riteln(l*st)j lounBELtruej enBj
NnBj
ProceBure Ir$(iEinteger)j
8ar dEintegerj
Begin
lor dEL1 to n Bo
begin
BiELBaudj Iest(i)j
hl ixP ten tr$(iK1)j
enBj
NnBj
BNkhG
Vlrscrj
hnitj
ssign(l*lo)jterite(l)j
lor 'EL1 to 2 Bo
begin
B1ELBau'j
Ir$(2)j
enBj
hl not lounB ten rite(l*'ong co ngiem)j
Vlose(l)j
NG#"
I] li gi/i tr%n c@a ban I5c* _ to/ mOn $%u cu c@a b,i to)n 2* trong t@ tCc Ir$ cn sfa
lai n sauE
ProceBure Ir$(iEinteger)j
8ar dEintegerj
Begin
lor dEL1 to n Bo
begin
BiELBaudj
hl ixP ten tr$(iK1)j
hl iLP ten Iest(i)j
enBj
NnBj
Bi 2&/!001 - TF% -, nh. nhP$
a" S : cia !t co P n%n tJng c)c c= s c@a n: ./i cia !t co P" Ia tH$ tJng 0 K 1 K
2 K n K M K 7 K p K o K y K P L M7 cia !t co P" 83$ s n| nHt bao gYm tHt c/ c)c c= s
0* 1* 2* """* P m, cia !t co P l,E 102nM7poyP"
b" S n,$ cia !t co 7 n%n t3n c?ng ./i l, 0 oqc 7" G!u t3n c?ng l, 7 t- s n| nHt ss
l, 102nMpoyP7 cin n!u s : t3n c?ng l, 0 t- s n| nHt ss l,12nM7oyP0"
So s)n ai s tr%n* su$ ra s n| nHt ./i t-m l,E 102nMpoyP7
c" Zt s cia !t co 20* Bo : ./i cia !t co 10" Su$ ra s : ./i l, s n| nHt t3n
c?ng l, 0" Zqt ')c* c= s ,ng cCc c@a s : ./i l, mt s cn" 8- +3$ ta t-m 2c s
./i t-m l, 12nM7poPy0"
Bi 2+/!001 - "i %a $rHn -,
Program #oiZIj
mses Vrtj
Vonst nmabL70j
in.LhGPmI"IcIj #u lieu Buoc na. +ao lile in.ut"tbt
I$.e ZangLarra$ 1""nmab*1""nmab ol realj
8ar a*b*cE Zangj
n*i*dE integerj
ProceBure Ga.j
8ar i*dE integerj
lE tebtj
Begin
ssign(l*in.)j teset(l)j
teaBln(l*n)j
gor iEL1 to 2n Bo
begin
gor dEL1 to 2n Bo teaB(l*ci*d)j
teaBln(l)j
enBj
Vlose(l)j
NnBj
ProceBure cuat(aE Zang)j
8ar i*dE integerj
Begin
gor iEL1 to 2n Bo
begin
gor dEL1 to 2n Bo rite(ai*dEyE2)j
ritelnj
enBj
NnBj
BNkhG
Ga.j
gor iEL1 to n Bo
gor dEL1 to n Bo
begin
aiKn*dKnELci*dj
ai*dKnELciKn*dj
ai*dELciKn*dKnj
aiKn*dELci*dKnj
bi*dELciKn*dj
bi*dKnELci*dj
biKn*dKnELci*dKnj
biKn*dELciKn*dKnj
enBj
VlrScrj
cuat(c)j mang ban Bau
ritelnj
cuat(a)j
ritelnj
cuat(b)j
teaBlnj
NG#"
(<@i #ii c9+ :;n < Th+nh Tsn# ? Vhnh Yn ? Vhnh PhAc)
Bi 2//!001 - N5fi X 0uXng 0X h(n
Program baip7j
uses crtj
+ar
aEarra$1""100*1""100 ol integerj
b*i*d*n*m*'Eintegerj
lEtebtj
tEbooleanj
Begin
clrscrj
rite(Ga. so nE )j reaBln(n)j
rite(Ga. so mE )j reaBln(m)j
lor iEL1 to m Bo
lor dEL1 to n Bo ai*dELF1j
lor iELm Bonto 1 Bo
lor dEL1 to n Bo
begin
bELF1j
re.eat
inc(b)j tELtruej
lor 'EL1 to n Bo il ai*'Lb ten tELlalsej 't ang
lor 'EL1 to m Bo il a'*dLb ten tELlalsej 't cot
until tj
ai*dELbj
enBj
assign(l*>z"IcI)j
rerite(l)j
lor iEL1 to m Bo
begin
lor dEL1 to n Bo rite(l*ai*dE7)j
riteln(l)j
enBj
close(l)j
rite(Zo lile >z"IcI Be bem 'et quaR)j
reaBlnj
NG#"
(<@i #ii c9+ :;n "#u$en T8&@n# 6*c T8)
Bi 22/!001 - B\ng -, 9 U 9
Ia ss i<n +,o c)c ( ; ct t5 nTm c)c s l1n nHt c: t_ 2c" G!u s l1n nHt trong c)c
ct cin lai (ca i<n +,o b/ng) l, +* t- s l1n nHt c: t_ i<n +,o ct t5 nTm l, +? / +-
c)c s ./i i<n teo t5 tw tTng Bn teo ,ng m, sau ct t5 7 cin c: M ct n=a" Ia twc
iQn i<n c)c s gi/m Bn t] y1 +,o nfa ./i c@a b/ng tr1c* sau : B{ B,ng i<n +,o nfa
cin lai +1i ni<u c)c ')c nauE

1 2 n M 88 8< 89 <0 <1
7 p o y 8! 8& 8+ 8/ 82
P 10 11 12 28 2< 29 80 81
1
n
1M 17 1p 2! 2& 2+ 2/ 22
1
o
1y 1P 20 /8 /< /9 20 21
2
1
22 2n 2M /! /& /+ // /2
2
7
2p 2o 2y +8 +< +9 /0 /1
2
P
n0 n1 n2 +! +& ++ +/ +2
n
n
nM n7 np &8 &< &9 +0 +1
Program baippj
mses ctr j
8ar i*d E integer j
Begin
Vlsscrj
lor iEL 1 to Bo
begin
lor dEL 1to M Bo rite (M(iF1) K d En)j
lor dEL 0 to M Bo rite (y1FMiF(iF1)Kd En) j
ritelnj
enB j
rite (tong cac so o cot 7E *(noKoo)PBi+2)j
teaBln
NnB"
(<@i #ii c9+ :;n "#u$en Ch Th*c ? <bL ,,N, ? Kh%i PTCTT ? 6HSPH" ? ThEn 6;i
6dn# ? Ij Thux Ph&'n# ? TT ? # N?i)
Bi 28/!001 - c cc :hp: *i)n "i qEh>n ! $rk 1q
`_ bi!n Ji ma tr3n t,n 0* ta bi!n Ji t]ng ct t,n 0
ct mt ct bHt '- c: n s a
1
* """* an (ai L 0)
`qt c L mab(a
1
* """* an)"
F B1c 1E
K G!u BO$ a
1
* """* an c: mt s 0 +, mt s ')c 0* B]ng ; D$ +- '(ng t_ a +< 0j
F B1c 2E
K G!u BO$ a
1
* """* an c: ai L 0 (i L 1""n) t- ct n,$ O 2c bi!n Ji bong* qua ct ti!. teo*
K G!u '(ng t- ai L 2ai n!u 2ai xL c (nDn ,ng c: c5a s ai l%n 2)* ti!. tCc twc iQn
!n 'i '(ng nDn 2c n=a* qua b1c nj
F B1c nE
cEL cF1j
aiEL ai
F1
j
zua$ lai b1c 2"
`D$ '(ng ./i l, li gi/i tt u nng rHt 4n gi/n* B{ B,ng c,i qt (+iQc +i!t c4ng tr-n
t4ng i 4n gi/n)
"hHn IqtE B,i n,$ twc sw B{ n!u c9 B]ng lai ; m5c t-m tu3t to)n~ G!u qt lai i<u 'iQn l,
c: t_ nDn ,ng* ct co 2* tr] ,ng* ct co 1* t-m li gi/i ti u +1i gi1i an c@a Z* G t-
a$ 4n ni<u"
(<@i #ii c9+ :;n Vy < Nn ? <bL ,,T- ? < Khit ? Tu3ng NgRi)
Iu3t to)n c@a ban 8u S% n rHt 6ng" Song tr%n twc t! tu3t to)n n,$ cin mt i_m ca
cun +- n!u c)c s c@a m/ng s t- n|* s t- l1n t- tu3t to)n n,$ mHt rHt ni<u b1c"
8iQc nDn c: t_ gD$ ra tr,n s"
8A BCE
2 n
1 100 1
100 1 100
s b1c ss rHt l1n"
Gng tu3t to)n n,$ tr%n lv tu$!t l, gi/i 2c" V4ng tr-n teo tu3t to)n tr%n"
K*BF*#K*NK*gF*kF*hK*SK*GF*UF*PF*zK*tK*SK*IF*8K*cK*K
Z 1pnyM*0*p77np0
.rogram baipobienBoimangj utor E Ggu$en 8an Vung
uses crtj
const mab L100j
li Lbaipo"in.j
lo Lbaipo"outj
+ar a Earra$1""mab*1""mabol longintj
m*n Eintegerj
.roceBure Boclj
+ar l Etebtj
i*d Eintegerj
begin
assign(l*li)j
reset(l)j
reaB(l*m*n)j
lor iEL1 to m Bo
close(l)j
enBj
.roceBure lamj
+ar l Etebtj
i*d*ma*mi*' Elongintj
begin
assign(l*lo)j
rerite(l)j
lor dEL1 to n Bo
begin
maEL0jmiELmablongintj
lor iEL1 to m Bo
begin
il ai*dma ten maELai*dj
il ai*dxmi ten miELai*dj
enBj
il (ma0)anB(miL0) ten
begin
rerite(l)j
riteln(l*Go solution)j
brea'j
enBj
re.eat
lor iEL1 to m Bo
begin
ile ai*d2xLma Bo
begin
lor 'EL1 to n Bo ai*'ELai*'2j
riteln(l*nan 2 Bong E*i)j
enBj
ai*dELai*dF1j
enBj
Bec(ma)j
riteln(l*tru 1 cot E*d)j
until maL0j
enBj
close(l)j
enBj
BNkhG
Boclj
lamj
NG#"
Bi 2</!001 - KFnh $rn 0 *\ng 0uXng
K IAn s ( +u(ng b^ cWt b;i -n trinE
G!u trCc toa l, (0*0) t- tDm +ing tring c: toa (n*n)" ct 1 .n M +ing trin t] p gi
!n gi ( b^ cWt l, ( c: 9n (i*d) nm ngo,i +in trin +, 1 !n n 9n (iK1* d)* (i* dK1)* (iK1*
dK1) trong +ing trin" #o tAn i b5ng ta c9 cn tAn s ( c@a 1 .n M +ing trin rYi nDn
+1i M" Iu$ ni%n n!u n3n bt '} 4n ta tH$ +1i n L 2* s ( b^ cWt l, 12* 'i n tTng 1 4n +^*
s ( b^ cWt tTng l%n y (" #o : ta c: t_ tAn tng s ( b^ cWt bng c(ng t5c E S ( b^ cWt
L12 K (nF2)y
K IAn s ( nm trong +ing trinE
Vung Bo tAn i b5ng ta c9 cn tAn s ( nm trong 1 .n M +ing trin rYi nDn +1i M* (
nm trong +ing trin 'i tHt c/ M 9n nm trong +ing trin"
V4ng tr-n Pascal
mses Vtrj
Vonst S1 LhGPmI"IcIj
S2LUmIPmI"IcIj
8arg1g2E tebtj
h**G E orBj
#em Elongintj
gunctionIrong(c*E longint)E booleanj
Begin
IrongEL M(sqr(cFG)Ksqr(FG))xLsqr(2GF1)j
NnB
BNkhG
Vlrscrj
ssign(g1*S1)j
teset(g1)j
ssign(g2*S2)j
terite(g2)j
ile not eol(g1) Bo
Begin
teaBln(g1*G)j
rite(g2*GL*L*12K((GF2)y))j
#emEL 0j
gor hEL 0 to GF1 Bo
gor EL 0 to F1 Bo
hl Irong (h*) anB Irong (hK1*) anB Irong (h*K1) anB Irong (hK1* K1) ten(#em)
riteln(g2**#emM)j
NnBj
Vlose(g1)j
Vlose(g2)j
NnB"
(<@i #ii c9+ :;n <=> Tgn Zinh T=> ? ,- Tin t8&@n# PTTH Chu$n Ti7n ai+n#? TiUn
Qi'ng)
Bi 29/!001 - BJi -, cIa &2
Zt s Yng ti cia !t co M +, P t- ss cia !t co np (+- M +, P ngu$%n t c?ng nauE
(M* P) L 1)"
Ia tH$* tJng c@a tHt c/ c)c s t] 1 !n P L 1 K 2 K """ K P L M7 cia !t co P"
Zt s cia !t co M 'i +, c9 'i ai c= s cui c?ng c@a n: cia !t co M" Z, ta cn
t-m s n| nHt cia !t co np* Bo : s : ./i l, s6 nhV nhEt c: $ @ c)c c= s t] 1
!n P +, h'i s6 cu6i cWng c@a n: ./i l, mt s cia !t co M" 83$ s ./i t-m l,E
12nM7oyPp
Bi 80/!001 - 'A ho $hbo eho
Z 1pnyM*0*p77np0
uses crtj
Vonst Zab8alL27pj
8ar
nEhntegerj S*>zEStringj
aEarra$0""Zab8al ol hntegerj
ProceBure hnPutj
8ar iEhntegerj
Begin
VSrscrj
rite(Ga. GL)jteaBln(n)j
gor iEL1 to n Bo
Begin rite(a*i*L)jteaBln(ai)j NnBj
rite(Ga. cauE)jteaBln(S)j
NnBj
ProceBure Zainj
8ar i*dEhntegerj
Begin
il (Sengt(S) ZoB n) x0 ten
gor iEL1 to nF(Sengt(S) ZoB n) Bo SELSK j
>zELj
gor iEL0 to (Sengt(S) #i+ n)F1 Bo
gor dEL(ni)K1 to n(iK1) Bo
>zEL>zKSadF(ni)K(ni)j
riteln(cau Za XoaE *>z)j
NnBj
Begin
hnPutj
Zainj
teaBlnj
NnB"
(<@i #ii c9+ :;n "#u$en C+o ThFn# ? <bL ,-N- chu$n Vhnh PhAc ? tznh Vhnh PhAc)
Bi 81/!001 - ThWc hi_n :hp: nh>n
Program Iucien.e.nanj
mses Vrtj
I$.e so L 0""Pj
8ar a*b*c*BE stringj
can*iE b$tej
ProceBure Ga.j
Begin
Vlrscrj
rite(Ga. so a E )j teaBln(a)j
rite(Ga. so b E )j teaBln(b)j
riteln(Pe. nan a +a b E )j
canELlengt(a)Klengt(b)K1j
riteln(aEcan)j
riteln(c)j
riteln(bEcan)j
gor iEL1 to can Bo rite(F)j
ritelnj
NnBj
ProceBure Gan(aE stringj 'E so)j
8ar noE soj
b*iE b$tej
Begin
noEL0j
cELj
gor iELlengt(a) Bonto 1 Bo
Begin
bEL(orB(ai)FMy)'Knoj
noELb Bi+ 10j
cELcr((b moB 10)KMy)Kcj
NnBj
hl no0 ten cELcr(noKMy)Kcj
riteln(cEcan)j
canELcanF1j
NnBj
ProceBure Vong(+ar c*BE stringj Eb$te)j
8ar noE soj
b*iE b$tej
Begin
lor iEL1 to lengt(b)F Bo cELcK0j
hl lengt(c) lengt(B) ten
gor iEL1 to lengt(c)Flengt(B) Bo BEL0KB
Nlse
gor iEL1 to lengt(B)Flengt(c) Bo cEL0Kcj
noEL0j
gor iELlengt(B) Bonto 1 Bo
Begin
bELorB(Bi)KorB(ci)FPpKnoj
BiELcr((b moB 10)KMy)j
noELb Bi+ 10j
NnBj
hl no0 ten BEL1KBj
NnBj
Begin
Ga.j
BELj
gor iELlengt(b) Bonto 1 Bo
Begin
Gan(a*orB(bi)FMy)j
Vong(c*B*i)j
NnBj
canELlengt(a)Klengt(b)K1j
gor iEL1 to can Bo rite(F)j
ritelnj
riteln(BEcan)j
teaBlnj
NnB"
(<@i #ii c9+ :;n 6]n# T8un# Thnh ? PTTH "#u$en Du ? XuYn Z Thu?t)
Bi 8!/!001 - Bi)n "i $r1n a5fi -,
const hn. Lbaio2"in.j
Uut Lbaio2"out j
mabnL100j
8ar Bem* n* i* d* BEintegerj lEtebtj
aEarra$0""mabnK1*0""mabnK1 ol Booleanj
ProceBure hnitj
8ar tEintegerj
Begin
gillcar(a* Sieol(a)* true)j
ssign(l* in.)j reset(l)j
BemEL0j
teaBln(l* n)j
lor iEL 1 to n Bo
lor dEL1 to n Bo
begin
reaB(l* t)j
hl tL1 ten ai*dELtrue else begin ai*dELlalsejinc(Bem)j enBj
hl dLn ten reaBln(l)j
enBj
Vlose(l)j
NnBj
ProceBure Sol+e1j
Begin
lor iEL1 to n Bo
lor dEL1 to n Bo
begin
hl not ai*d ten
begin
ai*dEL not (ai*dF1 bor ai*dK1 bor aiF1*d bor aiK1*d)j
hl ai*d ten begin Bec(Bem)jriteln(l*i* *d) enB
enBj
enBj
NnBj
ProceBure Sol+e2j
Begin
lor iEL1 to n Bo
lor dEL1 to n Bo
hl not ai*d ten
begin
hl i 1 ten
begin
aiF1*dELlalsej
inc(Bem)j
riteln(l* iF1* * d)j
enB
else
hl i xn ten
begin
aiK1*dELlalsej
inc(Bem)j
riteln(l* iK1* * d)j
enB
else
hl d 1 ten
begin
ai*dF1ELlalsej
inc(Bem)j
riteln(l* i* * dF1)j
enB
else
begin ai*dK1ELlalsej inc(Bem)j riteln(l* i* * dK1) enBj
ebitj
enBj
NnBj
BNkhG
hnitj
ssign(l*out)j rerite(l)j
ile Bem 0 Bo
begin
riteln(Bem)j BELBemj sol+e1j
hl (BLBem) anB (Bem 0) ten sol+e2j
enBj Vlose(l)j
NG#"
(<@i #ii c9+ :;n "#u$en Ch Th*c ? Dh%i PTCTT ? 6HSP ? H "î)
Bi 8&/!001 - Bi $on churi -,
Xai s cui l, 7P +, p7"
aii thchE Vu&i s 2c tao ra t] +iQc cng c)c s ngu$%n t (; ,ng tr%n) +1i c)c s
'(ng ./i l, ngu$%n t (,ng B1i)* cC t_ n sauE
Bi 8+/!001 - Kai hng -, en \o
IJng c)c s t] 1 !n 2nE 1 K 2 K K 2n L (2n(2nK1))e2 L n(2nK1)"
#o :* _ ai ,ng c: tJng bng nau t- tJng c@a m&i ,ng ./i l,E (n(2nK1))e2* n +3$
n ./i l, s cn t- m1i tYn tai ai ,ng s '- /o"
IJng c@a n ct bng nau n%n tJng c@a m&i ct ss l,E 2nK1"
5ng +1i mt s i (i L 1* 2* * 2n) c9 tYn tai Bu$ nHt mt s Bi L 2n F(i F1) sao
coE i K Bi L 2n K 1j
Io,n b c4ng tr-n li gi/iE
Program baioMj
uses crtj
+ar nEb$tej
aEarra$1""100ol 0""1j
tEarra$0""70ol b$tej
o'Ebooleanj
sEintegerj
ProceBure betj
+ar i*d*tongEintegerj
BuocEbooleanj
Begin
tongEL0j
lor dEL1 to n Bo tongELtongKtdj
il tongLs Bi+ 2 ten
begin
BuocELtruej
lor dEL1 to nF1 Bo
lor iELdK1 to n Bo
il tdKtiL(s Bi+ n) ten BuocELlalsej
il Buoc ten
begin
lor iEL1 to n Bo rite(tiEn)j
ritelnj
lor iEL1 to n Bo rite(((s Bi+ n)Fti)En)j
o'ELtruej
enBj
enBj
enBj
ProceBure tr$(iEb$te)j
+ar dEb$tej
Begin
il in ten bet
else il not o' ten
lor dELtiF1K1 to 2n Bo
begin
tiELdj
tr$(iK1)j
enBj
NnBj
ProceBure bulij
+ar iEb$tej
Begin
t0EL0j
o'ELlalsej
sELn(2n)K1j
tr$(1)j
il o'Llalse ten rite(>ong te sa. be.)j
NnBj
BNkhG
clrscrj
rite(Ga. nE)jreaBln(n)j
il n moB 2 L1 ten riteln(>ong te sa. be.)
else bulij
reaBlnj
NG#"
(<@i #ii c9+ :;n Hon# Ph&'n# "hi ? PTTH chu$n <B Tm T8n# ? 4n Th8)
"hHn IqtE V)c l,m c@a ban Hon# Ph&'n# "hi ? PTTH chu$n <B Tm T8n# ? 4n Th8
B?ng tu3t to)n Bu$Qt n%n ca$ '(ng 2c l1n" 81i G L 20 t- c4ng tr-n ca$ rHt lDu*
n!u G l1n 4n n=a t- '(ng t_ ra 2c '!t qu/" Ban c: t_ c/i ti!n c4ng tr-n n,$ bng
c)c 'i_m tra c)c i<u 'iQn nga$ trong qu) tr-n Bu$Qt _ gi/m b1t ti gian Bu$Qt"
V)c l,m ')c B?ng tu3t to)n cia 'o ca$ rHt nan +1i Gxn7"
IJng c)c s t] 1 !n 2nE 1 K 2 K "" K 2n L (2n(2nK1))e2 L n(2nK1)"
#o :* _ ai ,ng c: tJng bng nau t- tJng c@a m&i ,ng ./i l,E (n(2nK1))e2* n +3$
n ./i l, s cn t- m1i tYn tai ai ,ng s '- /o"
IJng c@a n ct bng nau n%n tJng c@a m&i ct ss l,E 2nK1"
5ng +1i mt s i (i L 1* 2*""* 2n) c9 tYn tai Bu$ nHt mt s Bi L 2n F(i F1) sao
coE i K Bi L 2n K 1
Z 1pnyM*0*p77np0
uses crtj
const mab Ln7j
li L baioM"in.j
lo L baioM"outj
+ar B E arra$0""mab(2mabK1) Bi+ 2 ol b$tej
tr E arra$1""mab*0""mab(2mabK1) Bi+ 2ol b$tej
'q E arra$1""mabol integerj
n*sum E integerj
o' E booleanj
.roceBure Boclj
+ar l Etebtj
begin
o'ELlalsej
assign(l*li)j
reset(l)j
reaB(l*n)j
close(l)j
enBj
.roceBure lamj
+ar i*d Eintegerj
begin
sumELn(2nK1) Bi+ 2j
lillcar(B*sieol(B)*0)j
lillcar(tr*sieol(tr)*0)j
B0EL1j
lor iEL1 to n Bo
begin
lor dELsumFi Bonto 0 Bo
il BdL1 ten
begin
BdKiEL2j
tri*dKiEL1j
enBj
lor dELsumF(2nK1Fi) Bonto 0 Bo
il BdL1 ten
begin
BdK2nK1FiEL2j
tri*dK2nK1FiEL2j
enBj
lor dEL0 to sum Bo
il Bd0 ten Bec(Bd)j
enBj
o'EL(BsumL1)j
enBj
.roceBure gilj
+ar l Etebtj
i*d Eintegerj
begin
assign(l*lo)j
rerite(l)j
il o'Llalse ten rite(l*Go solution)
else
begin
iELsumjdELnj
ile i0 Bo
begin
il trd*iL1 ten 'qdELd else 'qdEL2nK1Fdj
iELiF'qdj
Bec(d)j
enBj
lor dEL1 to n Bo rite(l*'qdEp)j
riteln(l)j
lor dEL1 to n Bo rite(l*(2nK1F'qd)Ep)j
enBj
close(l)j
enBj
BNkhG
Boclj
il n moB 2L0 ten lamj
gilj
NG#"
Bi 8//!001 - Tr chi Tsch - TTc 0uXng
( Iuat toanE
Via ban co lam M uongE #ong * Ia$ * Gam * Bac" Ia co cac Bi sauE
i) Suon Bi teo o lien can +oi o truoc
ii) #i teo uong 'ong bi can" 8i BuE o buoc 1 neu bi can o uong #ong
ti Bi teo uong nguoc lai la uong Ia$" #i teo uong Ia$ Ben 'i uong Ia$ bi can ti
Bi teo uong Bac oac Gam"
Irong 'i Bi ta luon Be $ 2 Bieu 'ien sauE
1" Geu co n o Ba la. tan n Bin cua 1 in +uong ma o tu M cua bi Bi
ti ta se Bi o tu M +a gian Buoc tang loi"
2" Geu co 2'K1('L1) o lien can lien tie. ti 'iem tra co te gian tang
loi bang nuoc Boi 'ong~ Guoc Boi la nuoc ta Ban +ao 1 o nung co te co Buoc 2 in
+uong" +i BuE co n o (1*1)j(1*2)j(1*n) ti ta co te Ban nuoc Boi bang cac Ban +ao o (2*2)
nu +a$ ta co 'a nang in tan 2 o +uong" Gung sau 1 nuoc Bi Boi ti ci Bu$ nat can
Buoc 1 o +uong* ta co te Ban nuoc tie. teo Be in tan o +uong con lai +a gian Buoc
tang loi"
Bang cac Ban nu +a$ ban co te cien tang trong +ong toi Ba la 10 nuoc")
K*BF*#K*NK*gF*kF*hK*SK*GF*UF*PF*zF*tK*SK*IF*8K*cK
Z 1pnyM*0*p77np0
VUGSI ZinLF70j
ZabL70j
IPN ZaLrra$Zin""Zab*Zin""Zab ol carj
BiemL tecorB
g*cotEhntegerj
NnBj
zuLrra$1""Zab ol Biemj
8t Bma$*Bng*Bc1*Bc2EBiemj
gBiEhntegerj (1EB j 2E# j F1EG j F2EI)
lin*o'EBooleanj
EZaj
z*zcEzuj
Blt*Bq*cqEhntegerj
ProceBure Xien(gB*gc*cotB*cotcEhnteger)j
8ar i*dEhntegerj
Begin
gor iELgB to gc Bo
Begin
gor dELcotB to cotc Bo rite(i*d* )j
ritelnj
NnBj
NnBj
ProceBure linis(BEBiem)j
Begin
B"g*B"cotELbj
Xien(F10*10*F10*10)j
riteln(Ban Ba tuaR n NGINt Be 'et tuc cuong trin)j
teaBlnj
Xaltj
NnBj
ProceBure hnitj
Begin
gillcar(*sieol()*")j
linELlalsej
riteln(kia tiet bang o +uong coE 101 ang (F70 F 70))j
riteln( 101 cot (F70 F 70))j
riteln(kia tiet ma$ luon Bi nuoc Bau tien tai o co toa Bo (0E0))j
Bma$"gEL0j Bma$"cotEL0j Bma$"g*Bma$"cotELcj
Xien(F10*10*F10*10)j
BltEL1j
NnBj
ProceBure Sin(B1EBiemj 8ar B2EBiemj gBi*'Einteger)j
8ar *cEhntegerj
Begin
ELB1"gj cELB1"cotj
Vase gBi ol
1E #ec(*')j
2E hnc(c*')j
F1E hnc(*')j
F2E #ec(c*')j
NnBj
B2"gELj B2"cotELcj
NnBj
gunction 't(8ar B1*B2EBiem)Ebooleanj
8ar g1*g*g2EBiemj
'*.Eintegerj
Begin
'tELtruej
'EL(BltF1) Bi+ 2j
.EL2 Bi+ abs(gBi)j
sin(Bma$*g1*FgBi*')j
sin(Bma$*g2*FgBi*2')j
sin(g1*g*.*')j
sin(Bma$*B1*.*')j
sin(g2*B2*.*')j
hl (B1"g*B1"cotL")anB(g"g*g"cotL")anB(B2"g*B2"cotL")ten
begin g"g*g"cotELbj Xien(F10*10*F10*10)j ebitj enBj
sin(g1*g*F.*')j
sin(Bma$*B1*F.*')j
sin(g2*B2*F.*')j
hl (B1"g*B1"cotL")anB(g"g*g"cotL")anB(B2"g*B2"cotL")ten
begin g"g*g"cotELbj Xien(F10*10*F10*10)j ebitj enBj
'tELlalsej
NnBj
ProceBure GgBij
Begin
te.eat
rite(Ga. toa Bo Biem (ang*cot)E )j teaBln(Bng"g*Bng"cot)j
mntil
(Bng"gLZin)anB(Bng"gxLZab)anB(Bng"cotLZin)anB(Bng"cotxLZab)anB(Bng"g*Bn
g"cotL")j
Bng"g*Bng"cotEL1j Xien(F10*10*F10*10)j
NnBj
gunction XgcanEhntegerj
8ar XgcEhntegerj
Begin
hl Bma$"cotxBng"cot ten
Begin
XgcEL2j
hl XgcLgBi ten Begin XgcanELXgcj Nbitj NnBj
NnBj
hl Bma$"cotBng"cot ten
Begin
XgcELF2j
NnBj
hl Bma$"gxBng"g ten
Begin
XgcELF1j
NnBj
hl Bma$"gBng"g ten
Begin
XgcEL1j
NnBj
XgcanELXgcj
NnBj
ProceBure Ga.(8ar zEzuj B1EBiemj gBi*'Ehnteger)j
8ar *cEhntegerj
B2EBiemj
Begin
Sin(B1*zcq*gBi*')j
NnBj
ProceBure Za$Bij
Begin
hnc(Bq)j
il not o' ten
Begin
hl zBq"gxBma$"g ten gBiEL1
Nlse hl zBq"gBma$"g ten gBiELF1
Nlse hl zBq"cotxBma$"cot ten gBiELF2
Nlse hl zBq"cotBma$"cot ten gBiEL2j
NnBj
Bma$ELzBqj
qBq"g*qBq"cotELbj
Xien(F10*10*F10*10)
NnBj
ProceBure Processj
8ar Xgc*.*i*nttEhntegerj
Begin
o'ELtruej nttEL0j
GgBij
XgcELXgcanj XgBiELFXgcj
hnc(cq)j Ga.(z*Bma$*gBi*1)j Za$Bij hnc(Blt)j
te.eat
GgBij XgcELXgcanj
hl nttL1 ten
hl Bc1"g*Bc1"cotL" ten linis(Bc1)
Nlse linis(Bc2)j
hl nttL0 ten hl (BltLn) anB ('t(Bc1*Bc2)) ten nttEL1j
hl (XgcLXgBi) ten
hl o' ten
Begin
.EL2 Bi+ abs(Xgc)j
gor iEL1 to BltF1 Bo
Begin
hnc(cq)j Ga.(z*Bma$*.*i)j Ga.(zc*zcq*FgBi*i)j
hnc(cq)j Ga.(z*Bma$*F.*i)jGa.(zc*zcq*FgBi*i)j
NnBj
o'ELlalsej
BltEL1j
NnB
Nlse
Begin
gBiELFgBij hnc(cq)j Ga.(z*Bma$*gBi*Blt)j
NnBj
hl nttL0 ten
Begin
hl BqLcq ten Begin hnc(cq)j Ga.(z*Bma$*gBi*1)j NnBj
hl zcBq"g*zcBq"cotL" ten linis(zcBq)j
Za$Bij hnc(Blt)j
NnBj
mntil linj
NnBj
BNkhG
100 Problems & Solutions Page 1n0
hnitj
Processj
NG#"
Bi 82/!001 - o(n $h7ng 0 hFnh chG nhH$
ThuHt toSnE
F ct oan tng cWt +1i t]ng can c@a -n c= n3t* i<u 'iQn cWt c@a oan tng +1i mt
oan tng ')c (can c@a -n c= n3t) l,E
K Xai u c@a oan tng ')c .Aa +1i oan tng c@a -n c= n3tj
K Xai u c@a oan tng -n c= n3t ')c .Aa +1i oan tng"
Ch&'n# t8GnhE
Program Baiopj
const in.L in.ut"tbtj
outL out.ut"tbtj
lunction cat (bs* $s* be* $e* bl* $t* br* $bE real)E booleanj
+ar a* b* b* $E realj
lg1* lg2E booleanj
Begin
il bsLbe ten
begin
lg1EL(bsxbl) or (bsbr) or (($s$t) anB ($e$t)) or (($sx$b) anB ($ex$b))j
lg2EL(bsbl) anB (bsxbr) anB ($sx$t)anB ($ex$t) anB ($s$b) anB ($e$b)j
catELnot (lg1 or lg2)j
enB
else begin
il $sL$e ten
begin
lg1EL((bsxbl) anB (bexbl)) or ((bsbr) anB (bebr)) or ($s$t) or ($sx$b))j
lg2EL(bsbl) anB (bebl) anB (bsxbr)anB (bexbr) anB ($sx$t) anB ($s$b)j
catELnot (lg1 or lg2)j
enB
else begin
catELlalsej
aEL($sF$e)e(bsFbe)j
bEL$sFabsj
$EL ablKbj
il($xL$t)anB($L$b)ten catEL truej
$E LabrKbj
il($xL$t)anB($L$b)ten catELtruej
bEL($tFb)eaj
il (bLbl)anB (bxLbr)ten catELtruej
bEL($bFb)eaj
il (bLbl)anB (bxLbr)ten catELtruej
enBj
enBj
enBj
.roceBure bul$j
+ar n* iE orBj bs* $s* be* $e* bl* $t* br* $bE realj
li* loE tebtj
Begin
assign(li* in.)j reset (li)j
assign (lo* out)j rerite(lo)j
reaBln(li* n)j
lor iEL1 to n Bo begin
reaBln (li* bs* $s* be* $e* bl* $t* br* $b)j
il cat (bs* $s* be* $e* bl* $t* br* $b) ten riteln (lo* I)
else riteln(lo* g)j
enBj
close (li)j
close (lo)j
enBj
BNkhG
bul$j
NG#"
(<@i #ii c9+ :;n < Z;nh H ? <bL ,5N Tin ? Kh%i PTCTT ? 6HKHT" ? 6Hca # N?i)
Bi 88/!001 - Vo -, $r1n *\ng
1" V: t_ twc iQn 2c"
Sau D$ l, mt c)c l,m cC t_E ta ln l2t bo) t]ng n:m ai s mt t] cui l%nE (2n F 22)j
(21 F 20)j """"j (7 F M)j (n F 2)" G +3$* sau 11 b1c n,$ tr%n b/ng ss cin lai 12 s 1" #o :*
ta c9 +iQc n:m 12 s 1 n,$ t,n p n:m c: iQu bng 0" >i :* tr%n b/ng ss c9 cin lai
to,n s 0"
2" G!u ta$ 2n s bng 27 s t- b,i to)n tr%n ss '(ng twc iQn 2c"
aii thchE
Ia c: tJng c)c s t] 1 !n 27 L (1 K 27) b 27 E 2 ss l, mt s l\"
ki/ sf* 'i bo) i ai s bHt ' t- tJng c)c s tr%n b/ng ss gi/m i l,E (a K b) F (a F b) L 2b
L mt s cn"
G +3$* sau mt s b1c bo) ai s bHt ' t- tJng c)c s tr%n b/ng +n cin lai l, mt s l\
(s l\ F s cn L s l\) +, Bo : tr%n b/ng ss '(ng ./i l, cin to,n s 0"
Bi 8</!001 - = r,$ 0 nhGng chh $h.
V6 t| c: t_ Tn 2c ni<u nHt 120 c@ c, rt" `ng i c@a c6 t| n sauE
1+-~1!-~1&-~1+-~1&-~12-~1/-~10-~1&
#o :* s c@ c, rt c6 t| Tn 2c 'i i teo ng n,$ l,E
1M K 12 K 1n K 1M K 1n K 1p K 17 K 10 K 1n L 120 (c@)
Bi 89/!001 - c %J$ %a $rHn -,
B,i n,$ c: rHt ni<u ngiQm* _ liQt '% tHt c/ c)c ngiQm t- ./i sf BCng tu3t to)n Bu$Qt"
#o '(ng gian t-m 'i!m l, cwc '- l1n n%n n!u Bu$Qt tm tng t- '(ng t_ gi/i u2c*
t3m cA cin '(ng ra ngiQm n,o c/" 8- +3$ b,i gi/i n,$ Bu$Qt bng c)c bD$ Bwng mt
m/ng ban u to/ mOn tAc cHtE B?ng 6ng 10 s 0* 10 s 1* """* 10 s P +, m&i Bing
'(ng c: qu) M s ')c nau" Sau : bng c)c o)n +^ +ing c)c Bing _ to/ mOn tAn
cHt c@a < b,i"
V[n m/ng ban u n t! gi/m i rHt ni<u '/ nTng +, cung l,m mHt i rHt ni<u
ngiQm" Z/ng ban u c: t_ c: rHt ni<u c)c c[n* s ngiQm t-m ra .C tuc rHt ni<u
+,o c)c c[n n,$"
8A BC c: t_ c[n m/ng ban u l,E
(0*0*1*1*2*2*2*n*n*n)
(1*1*2*2*n*n*n*M*M*M)
(2*2*n*n*M*M*M*7*7*7)
(n*n*M*M*7*7*7*p*p*p)
(M*M*7*7*p*p*p*o*o*o)
(7*7*p*p*o*o*o*y*y*y)
(p*p*o*o*y*y*y*P*P*P)
(o*o*y*y*P*P*P*0*0*0)
(y*y*P*P*0*0*0*1*1*1)
(P*P*0*0*1*1*1*2*2*2)
8- s ngiQm rHt ni<u n%n ta mun gi ra bao ni%u ngiQm t- ta$ Ji bi!n sn _ ta$ Ji
s ngiQm cn gi ra" B,i gi/i n,$ in ra 100 ngiQm"
V)c ban c6 v rng n!u c: 1 b/ng to/ mOn tAn cHt c@a b,i t- tr)o 2 Bing oqc tr)o 2 ct
bHt '- +1i nau* oqc qua$ P0
0
b/ng ta c: t_ c: c)c b/ng cung to/ mOn"
Z p7nyM*0*p77np0
uses crtj
t$.e Zk L arra$1""10*1""10ol integerj
mg1c L arra$1""10ol integerj
const G L10j
. L Mj
sn L100j s ngiQm mun gi ra
lo Lout"tbtj
EZkL mt c)c c[n ')c
((0*0*0*1*1*1*2*2*2*n)*
(1*1*1*2*2*2*n*n*n*M)*
(2*2*2*n*n*n*M*M*M*7)*
(n*n*n*M*M*M*7*7*7*p)*
(M*M*M*7*7*7*p*p*p*o)*
(7*7*7*p*p*p*o*o*o*y)*
(p*p*p*o*o*o*y*y*y*P)*
(o*o*o*y*y*y*P*P*P*0)*
(y*y*y*P*P*P*0*0*0*1)*
(P*P*P*0*0*0*1*1*1*2))j
+ar a*Bb E Zkj
la. E mg1cj
Bem E longintj
l E tebtj
.roceBure initj
+ar ' Eintegerj
begin
BemEL0j
aELj
lillcar(Bb*sieol(Bb)*0)j
lillcar(la.*sieol(la.)*0)j
lor 'EL1 to G Bo la.'EL1j
lor 'EL1 to G Bo Bb'*a1*'K1EL1j
enBj
.roceBure gi'q(Emg)j
100 Problems & Solutions Page 1nn
+ar i*d*BsEintegerj
begin
inc(Bem)j
riteln( E*Bem*E)j
riteln(l* E*Bem*E)j
lor iEL1 to G Bo
begin
lor dEL1 to G Bo
begin
rite(i*dE2)j
rite(l*i*dE2)j
enBj
ritelnjriteln(l)j
enBj
enBj
lunction Boi('Einteger)Eintegerj
begin
il ' moB GL0 ten BoiELG
else BoiEL' moB Gj
enBj
.roceBure tr$('Eb$tejEZk)j
+ar i*d Eb$tej
luu Emg1cj
lBb Emgj
o' Ebooleanj
begin
luuELla.jlBbELBbj
lor iEL1 to G Bo
begin
la.ELluujBbELlBbj
lor dEL1 to G Bo '*dELa'*Boi(iKdF1)j
o'ELtruej
lor dEL1 to G Bo
begin
inc(la.d*1FBbd*'*dK1)j
Bbd*'*dK1EL1j
il la.dM ten
begin
o'ELlalsej
brea'j
enBj
enBj
il o' ten
begin
il 'LG ten
gi'q()
else tr$('K1*)j
enBj
100 Problems & Solutions Page 1nM
il BemLsn ten ebitj
enBj
la.ELluujBbELlBbj
enBj
BNkhG
clrscrj
initj
assign(l*lo)j
rerite(l)j
tr$(2*a)j
close(l)j
NG#"
(<@i #ii c9+ Vy Nnh cu=n)
Bi <0/!001 - V): -, 1 $r1n a5fi
B,i to)n c: rHt ni<u ngiQm* _ liQt '% c)c ngiQm t- ta ./i sf BCng tu3t to)n Bu$Qt"
Song Bu$Qt t- rHt l1n* mqt ')c _ ra 2c mt c)c i<n to/ mOn t- '(ng 4n gi/n c6t
n,o (ti gian ca$ ss rHt lDu* t3m cA cin c: t_ b! tWc)" B,i gi/i n,$ Bu$Qt teo mt
1ng tam lam c: t_ iQn ra 2c ') ni l+>E
K Z&i Bing* m&i ct c: At nHt mt s 1"
K Via ma tr3n 10b10 t,n M ma tr3n 7b7* m&i ma tr3n 7b7 n,$ ss 2c i<n M s 1"
V)c 'i_m tra tt mt ma tr3n sau 'i i<n c: to/ mOn tAn cHt c@a b,i '(ng~
#u$Qt c)c c[n 7 ,ng bHt '- rYi bo) c)c s ; ,ng :* sau 'i bo) bong ta t-m c)c bo) 7
ct" G!u sau 'i bo) ,ng bong m, ct n,o cin s 1 t- ./i bo) ct :"
G!u trong tHt c/ c)c c)c bo) ,ng* ct n +3$ <u '(ng bo) !t 2c t- b/ng : to/
mOn tAn cHt c@a b,i"
V4ng tr-n sau iQn ra 100 ngiQm"
K*BF*#K*NK*gF*kF*hK*SK*GF*UF*PF*zK*tF*SK*IF*8K*cK
Z 1pnyM*0*p77np0
uses crtj
const G L10j
. L1pj
sn L100j s ngiQm mun iQn ra
lo Lout.ut"tbtj
t$.e Zk Larra$1""7*1""7 ol b$tej
+ar a E arra$1""G*1""G ol integerj
E arra$1""p00 ol Zkj
B E arra$1""7 ol integerj
c*Bong*cc*BBB E arra$0""G ol integerj
o' E booleanj
Bem*sl E longintj
s E Zkj
l E tebtj
.roceBure na.j
+ar i*d*' E integerj
begin
lor iEL1 to 7 Bo
begin
'EL0j
inc(Bem)j
lor dEL1 to 7 Bo
il ixd ten
begin
inc(')j
Bem*dELs'j
enBj
enBj
enBj
.roceBure tr$(iEb$te)j
+ar d Eb$tej
begin
lor dEL1 to 7 Bo
il BdL0 ten
begin
si*dEL1j
BdEL1j
il iLM ten na.
else tr$(iK1)j
BdEL0j
si*dEL0j
enBj
enBj
.roceBure 'iemtraj
+ar i*d*use*' Eintegerj
begin
ccELcj
lor iEL1 to 7 Bo
lor dEL1 to G Bo Bec(ccd*aBongi*d)j
useEL0j
lor 'EL1 to G Bo inc(use*orB(cc'0))j
il usexL7 ten o'ELlalsej
enBj
.roceBure tu(iEinteger)j
+ar d Eintegerj
begin
lor dELBongiF1K1 to GF7Ki Bo
begin
BongiELdj
il iL7 ten 'iemtra
else tu(iK1)j
il o'Llalse ten ebitj
enBj
enBj
.roceBure lamj
+ar i*d*b*$*u*+*' Eintegerj
begin
lor iEL1 to Bem Bo
lor dELBem Bonto 1 Bo
lor bEL1 to Bem Bo
100 Problems & Solutions Page 1np
lor $ELBem Bonto 1 Bo
begin
lor uEL1 to 7 Bo
lor +EL1 to 7 Bo au*+ELi*u*+j
lor uEL1 to 7 Bo
lor +EL1 to 7 Bo au*7K+ELd*u*+j
lor uEL1 to 7 Bo
lor +EL1 to 7 Bo a7Ku*+ELb*u*+j
lor uEL1 to 7 Bo
lor +EL1 to 7 Bo a7Ku*7K+EL$*u*+j
lillcar(c*sieol(c)*0)j
lillcar(BBB*sieol(BBB)*0)j
lillcar(Bong*sieol(Bong)*0)j
lor uEL1 to G Bo
lor +EL1 to G Bo
begin
inc(c+*au*+)j
inc(BBBu*au*+)j
enBj
o'ELtruej
lor 'EL1 to G Bo
il (c'L0)or(BBB'L0) ten o'ELlalsej
il o' ten tu(1)j
il o' ten
begin
inc(sl)j
riteln(E*sl*E)j
riteln(l*E*sl*E)j
lor uEL1 to G Bo
begin
lor +EL1 to G Bo
begin
rite(au*+*n2)j
rite(l*au*+*n2)j
enBj
ritelnjriteln(l)j
enBj
il snLsl ten ebitj
enBj
enBj
enBj
BNkhG
clrscrj
lillcar(B*sieol(B)*0)j
lillcar(*sieol()*0)j
lillcar(s*sieol(s)*0)j
BemEL0jslEL0j
tr$(1)j
assign(l*lo)j
rerite(l)j
lamj
100 Problems & Solutions Page 1no
close(l)j
NG#"
(<@i #ii c9+ 6[ 6*c 6En#)
Bi <1/!001 - @AB nghLch $h)
Program Ba$ngictej
uses crtj
const ln L ngic"in.j
gn L ngic"outj
nmabL10000j
+ar l*gEtebtj
n*i*d*BemE0""nmabj
a*b*luuEarra$1""nmab ol 0""nmabj
.roceBure na.j
begin
lillcar(a*sieol(a)*0)j bELaj
assign(l*ln)j reset(l)j
reaBln(l*n)j
lor iEL1 to n Bo reaB(l*ai)j rite(l)j
lor iEL1 to n Bo reaB(l*bi)j
close(l)j
enBj
.roceBure timbj
begin
lillcar(luu*sieol(luu)*0)j
lor iEL1 to n Bo
begin
BemEL0j
lor dELi F1 Bonto 1 Bo
il aixad ten inc(Bem)j
luuaiELBemj
enBj
lor iEL1 to n Bo rite(g*luuiE2)j
riteln(g)j riteln(g)j
enBj
.roceBure timaj
begin
lillcar(luu*sieol(luu)*0)j
lor iEL1 to n Bo
il binFi ten ebit else
begin
dEL0j
BemEL0j
re.eat
inc(Bem)j
il luuBemL0 ten dELdK1j
until dbij
luuBemELij
enBj
lor iEL1 to n Bo rite(g*luuiE2)j
100 Problems & Solutions Page 1ny
enBj
BNkhG
na.j
assign(g*gn)jrerite(g)j
timbj
timaj
close(g)j
NG#"
(<@i #ii c9+ :;n < Thi Thu ThuB ? <bL ,,N- PTTH chu$n Vhnh PhAc ? thi Ij Vhnh Yn ?
tznh Vhnh PhAc)
Bi <!/!001 - 39: gv
B,i n,$ c: t_ gi/i B{ B,ng n n3n bt sauE
F G!u ' robot ; c)c +^ trA m, tJng toa c@a c6ng (bK$) c: tAn cn l\ ')c nau t-
c6ng '(ng bao gi gq. nau (+- c6ng lu(n lu(n Bi cu$_n* '(ng c: robot 5ng $%n)"
G +3$* sau 'i loai trng 2. tr%n* g[i t* i d l, s b1c Bi cu$_n At nHt _ robot t Bi
cu$_n t] +^ trA ban u !n ( (i* d)" >i :* s b1c Bi cu$_n At nHt m, ' robot ./i Bi
cu$_n _ gq. nau l,E
Zin (mab((t* i d) +1i 1 xL t xL '* 1 xL i xL Z* 1 xL d xL G" Soang ng2c lai* ta c: ng
i c@a n=ng robot n,$"
Ci (]t ch&'n# t8GnhE
K*BF*#K*NK*gF*kF*hK*SK*GF*UF*PF*zF*tF*SK*IF*8K*cK*K
Z 1pnyM*0*p77np0
Program ZNNIj
mses crtj
I$.e .oint L recorB
b*$Eintegerj
NnBj
Vonst PEarra$1""M*1""2 ol integerL((0*1)*(0*F1)*(F1*0)*(1*0))j
zEstringLSt#mj
in. L ZNNI"hGPj
out L ZNNI"UmIj
8ar +E arra$1""10 ol .ointj
E arra$1""10*0""71*0""71 ol integerj
BE arra$0""71*0""71 ol b$tej
tE arra$0""1*1""o70 ol .ointj
Z*G*>*c*B*e*g**l*i*d*Zin*ZabEintegerj
s*stEstringj
lEtebtj
ProceBure GoSolutionj
Begin
rite( )jteaBlnjXaltj
NnBj
ProceBure hn.utj
Begin
ssign(l*in.)jteset(l)j
teaBln(l*m*n*')j
hl '0 ten
Begin
teaBln(l*+1"b*+1"$)j
100 Problems & Solutions Page 1nP
eEL(+1"bK+1"$) moB 2j
NnBj
gor cEL2 to ' Bo
Begin
teaB(l*+c"b*+c"$)j
hl (+c"bK+c"$) moB 2xe ten GoSolutionj
NnBj
gillcar(b*sieol(b)*1)j
gor cEL1 to m Bo
gor BEL1 to n Bo reaB(l*Bc*B)j
Vlose(l)j
NnBj
ProceBure Sol+ej
8ar Sto.Ebooleanj
Earra$0""1 ol integerj
Begin
gor cEL0 to mK1 Bo
gor BEL0 to nK1 Bo
hl bc*BL0 ten
gor eEL1 to ' Bo ae*c*BELZabhnt else
gor eEL1 to ' Bo ae*c*BELF1j
gor cEL1 to ' Bo
Begin
lEL1jgEL0jEL1j0EL1j1EL0j
t0*1EL+cjac*+c"b*+c"$EL0j
Sto.ELlalsej
ile not Sto. Bo
Begin
Sto.ELtruej
gor BEL1 to g Bo
gor eEL1 to M Bo
Begin
iELPe*1Ktg*B"bj
dELPe*2Ktg*B"$j
hl ac*i*dl ten
Begin
ac*i*dELljinc()j
t*"bELij
t*"$ELdj
Sto.ELlalsej
NnBj
NnBj
lELlK1jgEL1FgjEL1FjEL0j
NnBj
NnBj
ZinELZabhntj
gor cEL1 to m Bo
gor BEL1 to n Bo
hl bc*Bx1 ten
Begin
mabELa1*c*Bj
gor eEL2 to ' Bo
100 Problems & Solutions Page 1M0
hl Zabxae*c*B ten ZabELae*c*Bj
hl ZinZab ten
Begin
ZinELZabj
iELcjdELBj
NnBj
NnBj
hl ZinLZabhnt ten GoSolutionj
ssign(l*out)jterite(l)j
gor eEL1 to ' Bo
Begin
cELijBELdjsELj
ile e*c*B0 Bo
Begin
lEL1j
ile ae*cKPl*1*BKPl*2K1xae*c*B Bo lELlK1j
sELzlKsj
cELcKPl*1jBELBKPl*2j
NnBj
lELlF1K2(l moB 2)j
stELs1Kzlj
gor gEL1 to (minFae*i*d) Bi+ 2 Bo sELstKsj
riteln(l*s)j
NnBj
Vlose(l)j
NnBj
BNkhG
Vlrscrj
hn.utj
Sol+ej
rite(Vom.lete F U.en lile *out* to +ie te result)j
teaBln
NG#"
(<@i #ii c9+ :;n Vy < Nn ? <bL ,-T- ? < Khit ? cun# "#ji)
"hHn IqtE B,i l,m c@a ban 8u S% n .n '!t qu/ cin ti!u trng 2." Sau D$ l, mt
c)c c,i qt ')c song tu3t to)n cung ging +1i 8u S% n"
Z[ r?ng ,i to5nE Vo mt Y t^ gYm G 9n* c: ' con robot ; ' 9n 8
1
* 8
2
*""* 8'" Sau
m&i 4n +^ ti gian tHt c/ c)c con robot <u ./i cu$_n ng sang c)c 9n '< +1i 9n n:
ang 5ng" XO$ t-m c)c Bi cu$_n c)c con robot _ c6ng gq. nau tai mt i_m"
a" Irong Y t^ +( 1ng
b" Irong Y t^ c: 1ng (e ! F 67 thi chn (î tu$n cu%c #i+)
Z p7nyM*0*p77np0
.rogram Baiy2ga.gojutor E `& `5c `(ng
uses crtj
const mab L70j
mabrobot L10j
li Lmeet"in.j
lo Lmeet"outj
tb Earra$1""Mol integerL(0*F1*1*0)j
t$ Earra$1""Mol integerL(F1*0*0*1)j
EstringLSm#tj
+ar a Earra$1""mab*1""mabol b$tej
robot Earra$1""mabrobot*1""2ol b$tej
l Earra$1""mab*1""mab*1""mabrobotol integerj
q Earra$1""mabmab*1""2ol b$tej
Bau*cuoi*m*n*r Eintegerj
best*mb*m$ Eintegerj
o' Ebooleanj
.roceBure Boclj
+ar l Etebtj
'*i*dEintegerj
begin
assign(l*li)j
reset(l)j
reaBln(l*m*n*r)j
lor 'EL1 to r Bo reaBln(l*robot'*1*robot'*2)j
lor iEL1 to m Bo
close(l)j
enBj
.roceBure loang('Einteger)j
+ar b*$*s*u*+ Eintegerj
begin
lillcar(q*sieol(q)*0)j
BauEL1jcuoiEL1j
q1*1ELrobot'*1j
q1*2ELrobot'*2j
lrobot'*1*robot'*2*'EL1j
ile BauxLcuoi Bo
begin
bELqBau*1j$ELqBau*2j
lor sEL1 to M Bo
begin
uELbKtbsj
+EL$Kt$sj
il (u0)anB(+0)anB(uxLm)anB(+xLn)anB(au*+L0)anB(lu*+*'L0) ten
begin
inc(cuoi)jqcuoi*1ELujqcuoi*2EL+j
lu*+*'ELlb*$*'K1j
enBj
enBj
inc(Bau)j
enBj
enBj
.roceBure lamj
+ar '*i*d Eintegerj
meet Ebooleanj
begin
lillcar(l*sieol(l)*0)j
o'ELtruej
lor 'EL2 to r Bo
il (robot1*1Krobot1*2Krobot'*1Krobot'*2) moB 2L1 ten o'ELlalsej
il o' ten
begin
bestELmabintj
lor 'EL1 to r Bo loang(')j
lor iEL1 to m Bo
lor dEL1 to n Bo
begin
meetELtruej
lor 'EL1 to r Bo meetELmeet anB (li*d*'0) anB (li*d*'xbest)j
il meet ten
begin
bestEL0j
lor 'EL1 to r Bo
il li*d*'best ten
begin
bestELli*d*'j
mbELijm$ELdj
enBj
enBj
enBj
o'ELbestxmabintj
enBj
enBj
.roceBure gilj
+ar l Etebtj
'*'' Eb$tej
la. Estringj
.roceBure +iet(b*$Eb$te)j
+ar u*+*s Eb$tej
begin
lor sEL1 to M Bo
begin
uELbKtbsj
+EL$Kt$sj
il (u0)anB(+0)anB(uxLm)anB(+xLn)anB(lu*+*'Llb*$*'F1) ten
begin
il lu*+*'1 ten +iet(u*+)j
rite(l*7Fs)j
brea'j
enBj
enBj
enBj
begin
100 Problems & Solutions Page 1Mn
assign(l*lo)j
rerite(l)j
il o'Llalse ten rite(l*)
else
begin
lor 'EL1 to M Bo
il (mbKtb'0)anB(m$Kt$'0)anB(mbKtb'xLm)anB(m$Kt$'xLn) ten
il (ambKtb'*m$Kt$'L0) ten ''EL'j
la.EL''K7F''j
lor 'EL1 to r Bo
begin
il lmb*m$*'1 ten +iet(mb*m$)j
lor ''EL1 to (bestFlmb*m$*') Bi+ 2 Bo rite(l*la.)j
riteln(l)j
enBj
enBj
close(l)j
enBj
BNkhG
Boclj
lamj
gilj
NG#"
Bi <&/!001 - =c 56ng $rn mng $>%
6SL s%E V)c s 2c i<n n sauE
Bi <+/!001 - =ng %J$ $sch
ThuHt toSnE k[i s l2ng s bi L1 l, a* s l2ng s biLF1 l, b* s l2ng s bi L 0 l, c" Ia c:E
aKbKcLG"
81i m&i gi) tr^ c ')c nau ta c: t4ng 5ng mt ngiQm" G%n s ngiQm bng s gi) tr^ m,
c c: t_ n3n 2c" G!u Bu$Qt teo bi!n c t- c: rHt ni<u '/ nTng n%n ta$ +- Bu$Qt teo
bi!n c ta Bu$Qt teo a +, b" 8ai tri c@a c)c s bng 1 +, c)c s bng F1 l, n nau n%n ta c:
t_ gi/ sf s l2ng s bng 1 l1n 4n s l2ng bng F1 (aLb)"
83$ bi L aFb +, bi
2
L aKb (i L 1*""*G)
100 Problems & Solutions Page 1MM
bibd L P (i L1* """* Gj d L1* """* Gj ixd) su$ ra P L2bibd (i L1* """* G F1j d L1* """* Gj ixd)
Ia c: .4ng tr-nE (aKb)K.L(aFb)
2

su$ ra 0 xL (aFb) xL sqrt(aKbK.) xL sqrt(GK.)xsqrt(210
10
) L MMo21"
83$ 5ng +1i m&i gi) tr^ (aFb) ta c: mt gi) tr^ (aKb) +, mt gi) tr^ c" Sn l2t tf +1i t]ng
gi) tr^ c@a (aFb) rYi 'i_m tra bem a* b +, c to/ mOn c)c tAn cHt '(ng~
Z 1pnyM*0*p77np0
uses crtj
const li Lin.ut"tbtj
lo Lout.ut"tbtj
+ar n*.* Elongintj
Bem Elongintj
t Erealj
.roceBure Boclj
+ar l Etebtj
begin
assign(l*li)j
reset(l)j
reaB(l*n*.)j
close(l)j
BemEL0j
enBj
.roceBure lamj
+ar can Elongintj
begin
canELtrunc(sqrt(2n))j
lor EL0 to can Bo
begin
tELj
tELsqr(t)F.j
il (tL)anB(txLn) ten inc(Bem)j
enBj
enBj
.roceBure gilj
+ar l Etebtj
begin
assign(l*lo)j
rerite(l)j
riteln(l*Bem)j
close(l)j
enBj
BNkhG
Boclj
il . moB 2L0 ten lamj
gilj
NG#"
(<@i #ii c9+ 6[ 6*c 6En#)
Bi <//!001 - Bi)n "i 0 - 1
ThuHt toSnE B,i n,$ sf BCng tu3t to)n Bu$Qt nng c: mt +,i c6 v sauE
F 81i 1 ( ta c9 t)c ng ni<u nHt mt ln"
F I5 tw t)c ng l, '(ng quan tr[ng"
F 81i mt ( c: ni<u nHt 7 ( /n ;ng 2c t1i n:* +- +3$ n!u +1i mt ( ta bi!t M ( /n
;ng c@a n: c: 2c t)c ng a$ '(ng t- ( cin lai ta ss bi!t l, c: n%n t)c ng a$
'(ng t)c ng"
I] c)c c6 v tr%n ta ss Bu$Qt mt Bing 1 (oqc mt ct 1) 2c t)c ng n t! n,o 'i :
c)c ( ; Bing 1 (oqc ct 1) ss c9 cin 1 ( /n ;ng t1i n:" Ia ss bi!t 2c rng c)c ( Bing
2 (oqc ct 2) cung ss 2c t)c ng n t! n,o* c5 n +3$ co c)c Bing ti!. teo"
B,i ss ./i Bu$Qt 2G n!u Bu$Qt teo Bing 1 (2Z n!u Bu$Qt teo ct 1) +- +3$ _ gi/m
.5c ta. c@a b,i ban n%n c[n Bu$Qt teo ci<u n,o tu tuc +,o Z*G"
Z 1pnyM*0*p77np0
uses crtj
const mab L100j
li LbienBoi"in.j
lo LbienBoi"outj
tb E arra$0""Mol integerL(0*0*F1*0*1)j
t$E arra$0""Mol integerL(0*F1*0*1*0)j
t$.e mg L arra$1""mab*1""mabol b$tej
+ar a*b*tB*l'q*cEmgj
m*n*Bem*bestEintegerj
.roceBure Boclj
+ar l Etebtj
i*d Eb$tej
begin
assign(l*li)j
reset(l)j
reaBln(l*m*n)j
lor iEL1 to m Bo
lor iEL1 to m Bo
lor dEL1 to n Bo reaB(l*bi*d)j
close(l)j
enBj
.roceBure tacBong(i*dEb$te)j
+ar u*+*' Eintegerj
begin
lor 'EL0 to M Bo
begin
uELiKtb'j
+ELdKt$'j
il (u0)anB(+0)anB(uxLm)anB(+xLn) ten au*+EL1Fau*+j
enBj
inc(Bem)j
enBj
.roceBure .rocessj
+ar i*d*' Eb$tej
E mgj
begin
cELajBemEL0jELtBj
lor iEL1 to n Bo
il tB1*iL1 ten tacBong(1*i)j
100 Problems & Solutions Page 1Mp
lor iEL2 to m Bo
lor dEL1 to n Bo
il aiF1*dxbiF1*d ten
begin
tacBong(i*d)j
tBi*dEL1j
enBj
lor 'EL1 to n Bo
il am*'xbm*' ten begin aELcjtBELjebitjenBj
il Bemxbest ten
begin
bestELBemj
l'qELtBj
enBj
aELcjtBELj
enBj
.roceBure tr$(iEb$te)j
+ar d Eb$tej
begin
lor dEL0 to 1 Bo
begin
tB1*iELdj
il iLn ten .rocess
else tr$(iK1)j
enBj
enBj
.roceBure gilj
+ar l Etebtj
i*d Eintegerj
begin
assign(l*lo)j
rerite(l)j
il bestxmabint ten
begin
riteln(l*best)j
lor iEL1 to m Bo
lor dEL1 to n Bo
il l'qi*dL1 ten riteln(l*i*n2*d)j
enB
else riteln(l*Go solution)j
close(l)j
enBj
begin
clrscrj
bestELmabintj
Boclj
tr$(1)j
gilj
enB"
(<@i #ii c9+ 6inh cu+n# Hu$)
100 Problems & Solutions Page 1Mo
Bi <2/!001 - @AB -, $W nhi1n aogic
S u +, s cui cn t-m c@a BO$ s logic O co l,E 10 +, 2M"
aii thchE BO$ s : l, BO$ c)c s tw ni%n li%n ti!. '(ng ngu$%n t"
Bi <8/!001 - 3hi cc -, $r1n *\ng
ProceBure baiyoj
uses crtj
+ar B* GEintegerj
begin
clrscrj
rite(Ga. so ngu$en Buong GE )j reaBln(G)j
re.eat
il G moB 2 L 0 ten GEL Bi+ 2 else GELGF1j
BELBK1j
until GL0j
rite(So lan gi so len b/ngE * B)j
reaBlnj
NnB"
(<@i #ii c9+ :;n C+o <J Th+n# <on#)
Bi <</!001 - c cc -, 9c *i_$ cg 10 chG -,
ThuHt toSnE m/ng a0""P lu '!t qu/* ti l, s c)c c= s i trong a" Ieo b,i ta c: t_ su$
raE a0 K a1 K """ K aP L s c)c c= s 0 K s c)c c= s 1 K """ K s c)c c= s P L 10"
G +3$* ta B?ng .. sin Q qu$ c: n)n c3n _ gi/i b,i to)nE ; m&i b1c sin ai* ta
tAn tJng c)c c= s a0""ai (lu +,o bi!n s)* n!u s 10 t- '(ng sin ti!. n=a" Sau D$ l,
to,n b c4ng tr-nE
ProceBure baiyyj
const loLbaiyy"outj
+ar a*tEarra$0""P ol integerj
i*sEintegerj
lEtebtj
.roceBure sa+ej
+ar iEintegerj
begin
lor iEL0 to P Bo il ai x ti ten ebitj
lor iEL0 to P Bo rite(l*ai)j riteln(l)j
enBj
.roceBure tr$(iEinteger)j
+ar dEintegerj
begin
lor dEL 0 to P Bo
il ((ixd) or ((iLd) anB (td K1 xLad))) anB (sxL10) ten
begin
aiELdj
inc(td)j
sELsKdj
il ixP ten tr$(iK1) else sa+ej
Bec(td)j
sELsFdj
100 Problems & Solutions Page 1My
enBj
enBj
BNkhG
assign(l*lo)jrerite(l)j
lor iEL1 to P Bo
begin
lillcar(t*sieol(t)*0)j
sEL0j
a0ELij
sELsKij
tiEL1j
tr$(1)j
enBj
close(l)j
NG#"
(<@i #ii c9+ :;n "#u$en Ch Th*c ? <bL ,,N, Dh%i PTCTT ? 6HSP # N?i)
Bi <9/!001 - =hG -, $h# E
ThuHt toSnE t] n3n bt rng c: P s c: 1 c= s* P0 s c: 2 c= s* """ Ia ss b)c ^n bem
c= s t5 G tuc s c: mH$ c= s +, n: l, s n,o~ Sau : bem n: ; +^ trA t5 mH$ trong
s :"
Program baiyPj
Z 1pnyM*0*p77np0
mses crtj
Vonst li Lnumber"in.j
lo Lnumber"outj
csEarra$1""y ol longint L (P* 1y0* 2o00* np000* M70000* 7M00000* pn000000*
o20000000)j
8ar n E longintj
l*g Etebtj
gunction num(nElongint)Ecarj
+ar '* so* mu E longintj
s E stringj
Begin
'EL1j muEL1j
ile ('xP)anB(cs'xn) Bo
begin
nELnFcs'j
inc(')j muELmu10j
enBj
il muL1 ten soELn Bi+ '
else soELn Bi+ 'KmuKorB(n moB '0)F1j
str(so*s)jsELs'Ksj
numELsn moB 'K1j
NnBj
BNkhG
assign(l*li)j reset(l)j
assign(g*lo)j rerite(g)j
ile not see'eol(l) Bo
100 Problems & Solutions Page 1MP
begin
reaBln(l*n)j
riteln(g*num(n))j
enBj
close(l)j
close(g)j
NG#"
(<@i #ii c9+ :;n < Vfn 6*c ? "#u$en Hu ? H 6En# ? # T\()
Bi 90/!00! - ThaB -, $rong *\ng 9 X
#o tJng c)c s trong c)c ( i<n c?ng c= c)i ban u l, bng nau n%n ta su$ raE 2Z L nh L
MS" 8- MS cia !t co M* Bo : 2Z +, nh cung cia !t co M"
Su$ raE h cia !t co Mj Z L 2Sj nh L MS"
`qt h L M' (' L 1* 2*""")* ta su$ ra t4ng 5ngE S L n'* +, Z L p'"
8A BC* +1i ' L 1 ta c: ). s sauE h L M* S L n* Z L pj
81i ' L 2* ta c:E h L y* S L p* Z L 12j """
Bi 91/!00! - =c -, a9:
Program baiP1j
Iuat toan lua bo +ao cuong
Z 1pnyM*0*p77np0
mSNS crtj
VUGSI Z1 L Zabhnt Bi+ M K 1j
Z2 L Zabhntj
li L BaiP1"hn.j
IPN Z L rra$0""Z1 ol Songhntj
8ar E rra$0""n ol Zj
B*l ESonghntj
ProceBure hnitj
8ar iEB$tej
Begin
gor iEL0 to n Bo
begin
Ge(i)j
gillcar(i*sieol(i)*0)j
enBj
NnBj
ProceBure teaBg('ESorthnt)j
8ar lEIebtj
bESonghntj
i*dEhntegerj
Begin
hnitj
ssign(l*li)j
teset(l)j
ile Got See'Nol(l) Bo
begin
teaB(l*b)j
bELb'j
hl bL0 ten
begin
iELb Bi+ Z1j
dELb moB Z1j
hl iLM ten begin iELnj dELZ1j enBj
hnc(id)j
hl idB ten begin BELidj lELb'j enBj
enBj
enBj
Vlose(l)j
gor iEL0 to n Bo #is.ose(i)j
NnBj
BNkhG
Vlrscrj
BEL0j lEL0j
teaBg(F1)j
teaBg(1)j
riteln(So la. nieu nat laE *l*101n*8oi so lan la. E *B)j
teaBlnj
NG#"
(<@i #ii c9+ "#u$en Ton ThFn# )
B,i gi/i c@a ban Ggu${n Io,n IWng B?ng tu3t to)n l?a bi +,o cuYng" Sau D$ l, c)c
gi/i ')c B?ng tu3t to)n !m s ln lq."
ThuHt toSnE I t;ng tu3t to)n l, B?ng m/ng )n Hu c: ng}a l, s b t- Sa.b ss l, s
ln buHt iQn c@a s b trong m/ng" 8- s .n tf c@a m/ng n| 4n oqc bng 10
p
n%n .n
tf c@a m/ng Sa. ./i l, 'i_u B= liQu _ c: t_ lu tr= 2c 10
p
" S b l, s ngu$%n 'i_u
integer +, Bo gi1i an b n1 l, pM> n%n ta B?ng ba m/ng ng n sauE Zk L arra$F
mabint""mabint ol b$tej
S1""n ol Zkj
cf lv trong Q c4 s 100"
V4ng tr-n"
Z 1pnyM*0*p77np0
.rogram baiP1j`& `5c `(ng
uses crtj
const li Lin.ut"tbtj
lo Lout.ut"tbtj
coso L100j
t$.e mg Larra$Fmabint""mabintol b$tej
+ar S Earra$1""nol mgj
n*la. Elongintj
'q Eintegerj
time Elongintj
cloc' Elongint absolute 00E00Mpcj
.roceBure taotestj
+ar l Etebtj
' Elongintj
begin
nEL1000000j
assign(l*li)j
rerite(l)j
riteln(l*n)j
lor 'EL1 to G Bo
il ranBom(2)L1 ten rite(l*ranBom(mabint)*n2)
else rite(l*FranBom(mabint)*n2)j
close(l)j
enBj
.roceBure BanBau(bEinteger)j
+ar i Eintegerj
begin
lor iELn Bonto 1 Bo
il Sibxcoso ten
begin
inc(Sib)j
brea'j
enB
else SibEL0j
enBj
.roceBure lamj
+ar l Etebtj
' Elongintj
b Eintegerj
begin
lor 'EL1 to n Bo
begin
ne(S')j
lillcar(S'*sieol(S')*0)j
enBj
assign(l*li)j
reset(l)j
reaB(l*n)j
lor 'EL1 to n Bo
begin
reaB(l*b)j
BanBau(b)j
enBj
close(l)j
la.EL0j
lor 'ELFmabint to mabint Bo
il S1'sqr(coso)KS2'cosoKSn'la. ten
begin
la.ELS1'sqr(coso)KS2'cosoKSn'j
'qEL'j
enBj
lor 'EL1 to n Bo Bis.ose(S')j
enBj
.roceBure gilj
+ar l Etebtj
begin
assign(l*lo)j
rerite(l)j
rite(l*'q)j
riteln(So lan la. E*la.)j
close(l)j
enBj
BNkhG
taotestj
timeELcloc'j
lamj
gilj
riteln((cloc'Ftime)e1y"2E10E10)j
NG#"
Bi 9!/!00! - @AB chia h)$
.rogram #a$ViaXetj
uses crtj
const in.LBi+"in.j
outLBi+"outj
+ar aEarra$0""1 ol set ol b$tej
gEtebtj
'*n*t*i*d*lElongintj
lunction l(bElongint)Eb$tej
begin
bELb moB 'j
il bx0 ten lELbK' else lELbj
enBj
begin
clrscrj
assign(g*in.)jreset(g)j
reaBln(g*n*')j
tEL0j
reaB(g*d)j
a0ELl(d)j
lor iEL2 to n Bo
begin
tEL1Ftj
atELj
reaB(g*d)j
lor lEL0 to 'F1 Bo
il l in a1Ft ten
begin
atELatKl(lKd)j
atELatKl(lFd)j
enBj
enBj
close(g)j
assign(g*out)jrerite(g)j
il 0 in at ten rite(g*1) else rite(g*0)j
close(g)j
rite(Vom.lete F U.en lile *out* to +ie te result)j
reaBlnj
NnB"
(<@i #ii c9+ :;n Vy < Nn ? ,-T- ? < Khit ? cun# "#ji)
Z[ r?ng ,i to5nE
1" I-m BO$ con li%n ti!. c: tJng b nHt"
2" I-m BO$ con li%n ti!. c)c .n tf tuc BO$ bng nau B,i nHt"
n" Vo ma tr3n ZbG O$ t-m -n c= n3t c: tJng l1n nHt (n| nHt) +1i Z*GxL100
M" Vo ma tr3n ZbG O$ t-m -n c= n3t c: BiQn tAc l1n nHt c: c)c .n tf bng nau"
V)c gi/i b,i to)n 2 gi/i ging +1i b,i to)n 1* b,i to)n n +, M gi/i ging nau Bwa tr%n c4 s;
b,i 1*2"
CSch #ii :i toSn .E ct -n c)c -n c= n3t c: toa ct tr)i l, i toa ct ./i l, d
(mHt U(G
2
))" Voi m&i Bing n mt .n tf* _ t-m -n c= n3t c: BiQn tAc l1n nHt ta
./i mHt U(G) n=a" G +3$ .5c ta. l, U(G
n
)"
Bi 9&/!00! - Tr chi *Tn *i
(Dnh cho hc sinh Tiu hcY
V: n ng i at s i_m l1n nHt l,E n2"
Bi 9+/!00! - Bi4u ?i[n $"ng cc -, Ci*onaci
CSch #iiE Ia ss t-m s gibonacci gn +1i s G nHt" `D$ ss cAn l, s ang u ti%n nm
trong BO$ '!t qu/" Sau :* lH$ iQu c@a s G +, s gibonacci gn +1i s G nHt* ti!. tCc t-m
s gib gn +1i iQu tr%n +, c5 t! co !n 'i iQu : l, mt s gib" >!t qu/ c)c s
gibonacci ss 2c liQt '% teo t5 tw t] l1n !n n|"
Ch&'n# t8GnhE
Program BdFib;{Bai 94/2002: Bieu dien tong cac so Fibonacci}
uses crt;
var n:longint;
f:array[1..1000] of longint;
function fib(k:integer): longint;
begin
f[1]:=1;
f[2]:=1;
f[3]:=2;
if f[k]=-1 then f[k]:=fib(k-1)+fib(k-2);
fib:=f[k];
end;
procedure xuly;
var i,j:longint;
begin
for i:=1 to 1000 do f[i]:=-1;
while n>0 do
begin
i:=1;
while fib(i)<=n do
inc(i);
j:=fib(i-1);
write(j,' + ');
n:=n-j;
end;
gotoxy(wherex-2,wherey);
writeln(' ');
end;
procedure test;
begin
clrscr;
write('Nhap n='); readln(n);
clrscr;
write('n=');
xuly;
end;
BEGIN
test;
readln;
END.
(<@i #ii c9+ :;n C+o < Thfn# <on# ? <bL 3u "#u$en T8&@n# T^ ? H "î)
Bi 9//!00! - @AB con cg $"ng afn nhP$
Program subseqj
const in. L subseq"in.j
out L subseq"outj
+ar n* Bau* cuoi* BElongintj
mab* IElongintj
l* gEtebtj
ProceBure in.utj
begin
assign(l*in.)j reset(l)j
assign(g*out)j rerite(g)j
teaBln(l*n)j
NnBj
ProceBure sol+ej
+ar i*dElongintj
begin
BauEL1j cuoiEL1j BEL1j
mabELFmablongintj IEL0j
lor iEL1 to n Bo
begin
reaBln(l*d)j IELI K d j
hl I mab ten
begin
mabELIj
BauELBj cuoiELij
enBj
hl Ix0 ten begin IEL0j BELiK1j enBj
enBj
NnBj
ProceBure out.utj
Begin
riteln(g*Bau)j
riteln(g*cuoi)j
riteln(g*mab)j
Vlose(l)j Vlose(g)j
NnBj
BNkhG
in.utj
sol+ej
out.utj
NG#"
V<@i #ii c9+ :;n V{ |u=n S'n ? <bL ,,N- THPT Ph+n kî Ch=u ? "#h NnY
Bi 92/!00! - M, chung afn nhP$
Z 1pnyM*0*p77np0
uses crtj
const mabn L 271j
li L string"in.j
lo L string"outj
+ar .a E arra$0""mabn*0""mabn ol b$tej
s1*s2*s'q E stringj
mab E b$tej
.roceBure Boclj
+ar l E tebtj
begin
assign(l*li)j
reset(l)j
reaBln(l*s1)j
reaB(l*s2)j
close(l)j
enBj
lunction mabso(a*bEb$te) E b$tej
begin
mabso EL (abs(aFb)KaKb) Bi+ 2j
enBj
.roceBure hBonot'noj
+ar i*d E b$tej
begin
lor i EL lengt(s1) Bonto 1 Bo
lor d EL lengt(s2) Bonto 1 Bo
il s1i L s2d ten .ai*d EL .aiK1*dK1 K1
else .ai*d EL mabso(.aiK1*d * .ai*dK1 )j
mab EL .a1*1j
enBj
.roceBure astingtimej
+ar c E carj
i*d*so*is*ds E b$tej
begin
is EL 1j ds EL 1j
so EL 0j
re.eat
lor c EL P Bonto 0 Bo
begin
i EL isj d EL dsj
ile (s1i x c)anB(i xL lengt(s1)) Bo inc(i)j
ile (s2d x c)anB(d xL lengt(s2)) Bo inc(d)j
il .ai*d L mab F so ten
begin
s'q EL s'q K cj
is EL iK1j ds EL dK1j
brea'j
enBj
enBj
inc(so)j
until mabLsoj
ile (s'q1 L 0)anB(s'qx0) Bo Belete(s'q*1*1)j
enBj
.roceBure gilj
+ar l E tebtj
begin
assign(l*lo)j
rerite(l)j
il mab L 0 ten rite(l* >ong co bau cung RRR""")
else
begin
astingtimej
rite(l*s'q)j
enBj
close(l)j
enBj
BNkhG
Boclj
iBonot'noj
gilj
NG#"
Bi 98/!00! - ThaB -, $rong *\ng
1 2 n
a * c
? b x
g h i
Egang
M F Bi s ngu$%n c@a yj
7 F IAc c@a c)c s tw ni%n li%n ti!. u ti%nj
p F IAc c)c s ngu$%n t '< nau
@Yc
1 F Bi ngu$%n c@a 11j
2 F IAc c@a ni<u t]a s 2j
n F Bi s ngu$%n c@a 11"
aiiE
I] (7) F IAc c@a c)c s tw ni%n u ti%n co '!t qu/ l, mt s c: n c= s c9 c: t_ l, 120
oqc o20 (1b2bnbMb7 L 120j 1b2bnbMb7bp L o20)"
#o :* (7) c: t_ l, 120 oqc o20" Su$ raE l L 0j e L 2j B L 1 oqc B L o"
I4ng tw* ta t-m 2c (p) c: t_ l, 107 oqc ny7 (nb7bo L 107j 7bob11 L ny7)" Su$ raE i L
7j L 0 oqc L yj g L 1 oqc g L n"
I] (M) su$ ra c c9 c: t_ l, s cn" #o l L 0* i L 7* t] (n) ta t-m 2c c L p"
I] (2) F tAc c@a ni<u t]a s 2 co '!t qu/ l, mt s c: n c= s c9 c: t_ l, mt trong
c)c sE 12y* 27p* 712" Z, teo tr%n e L 2 n%n ta t-m 2c (2) l, 12y" 83$ b L 1* L y* g L n"
I] (M) F Bi s ngu$%n c@a y* Bo : ta c: t_ t-m 2c (M) c: t_ l, mt trong c)c sE 21p*
M1p* p1p* y1p"
I5c l,* a c: t_ bng 2* M* p* oqc y" >!t 2. +1i (1)* gi/ sf B L 1* n +3$ ta '(ng t_ t-m
2c s n,o to/ mOn (1)"
81i B L o* ta t-m 2c a L M to/ mOn (1)"
83$ a L M* b L 1* c L p* B L o* e L 2* l L 0* g L n* L y* i L 7"
8, ta c: '!t qu/ n sauE
+ 1 2
8 ! 0
M
7
p
& < /
Bi 100/!00! - '6i ehch ?W $i_c
.rogram kuestj
const
hn. L kuest"in.j
Uut L kuest"outj
+ar
nE hntegerj
lSumE Songhntj
t* +* .* PreB* hnBE arra$0""1007 ol hntegerj
8alueE arra$0""1007 ol Songhntj
U'E arra$0""1007 ol Booleanj
+ar
gileE Iebtj
iE hntegerj
begin
ssign(gile* hn.)j
teset(gile)j
teaBln(gile* n)j
lor i EL 1 to n Bo teaBln(gile* ti* +i)j
Vlose(gile)j
enBj
.roceBure zuic'Sort(l* rE hnteger)j
+ar
i* d* b* tgE hntegerj
begin
i EL lj d ELrj b EL .(l K r) Bi+ 2j
re.eat
ile t.i x tb Bo hnc(i)j
ile t.d tb Bo #ec(d)j
il i xL d ten
begin
tg EL .ij .i EL .dj .d EL tgj
hnc(i)j #ec(d)j
enBj
until i dj
il i x r ten zuic'Sort(i* r)j
il d l ten zuic'Sort(l* d)j
enBj
.roceBure Pre.arej
+ar
i* dE hntegerj
begin
gillVar(8alue* SieUl(8alue)* 0)j
gillVar(U'* SieUl(U')* galse)j
lSum EL 0j
lor i EL 1 to n K 1 Bo .i EL ij
tn K 1 EL n K 1j
zuic'Sort(1* n)j
d EL 2j hnB0 EL 1j
lor i EL 1 to n Bo
begin
ile t.d L i Bo hnc(d)j
hnBi EL d F 1j
enBj
enBj
lunction 8ie(nE hnteger)E Songhntj
+ar
i* dE hntegerj
lSum1* lSum2E Songhntj
begin
lSum1 EL 0j lSum2 EL +nj
lor i EL hnBn F 1 K 1 to hnBn Bo
begin
il 8alue.i L 0 ten 8alue.i EL 8ie(.i)j
lSum1 EL lSum1 K 8alue.ij
lor d EL hnB.i F 1 K 1 to hnB.i Bo
begin
il 8alue.i L 0 ten 8alue.i EL 8ie(.d)j
lSum2 EL lSum2 K 8alue.dj
enBj
enBj
il lSum1 lSum2 ten
begin
8ie EL lSum1j
PreBn EL n F 1j
enB
else
begin
8ie EL lSum2j
PreBn EL n F 2j
enBj
enBj
.roceBure Valculator(nE hnteger)j
+ar
i* dE hntegerj
begin
il PreBn L n F 2 ten
begin
U'n EL Iruej hnc(lSum)j
lor i EL hnBn F 1 K 1 to hnBn Bo
lor d EL hnB.i F 1 K 1 to hnB.i Bo Valculator(.d)
enB
else lor i EL hnBn F 1 K 1 to hnBn Bo Valculator(.i)
enBj
+ar
gileE Iebtj
iE hntegerj
s8ieE Songhntj
begin
ssign(gile* Uut)j
terite(gile)j
s8ie EL 8ie(.1)j
Valculator(.1)j
riteln(gile* lSum* * s8ie)j
lor i EL 1 to n Bo
il U'i ten riteln(gile* i)j
Vlose(gile)j
enBj
begin
teaBhn.utj
Pre.arej
riteUut.utj
enB"
LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL Ie NnB LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

100 de Toan Tin

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Copyright:

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100 de Toan Tin

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100 Ton Tin

Tin hc & Nh trng

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2n" 81i n L n 2c min

>im gi +, 'im .6t gq. nau 6ng +,o l6c 0 gi"

>im gi +, 'im .6t gq. nau l6c 2 gi

>im gi +, 'im .6t gq. nau 6ng +,o l6c

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