Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TCVN
H Ni 2005
c vng-v-bi)
29
(dng
php Pycnometer)
65
Li ni u
TCVN 7494 : 2005 hon ton t-ng -ng vi ASTM D 140 - 01 Standard Practice for
Sampling Bituminous Materials.
TCVN 7495 : 2005 hon ton t-ng -ng vi ASTM D 5 - 97 Standard Test Method for
Penetration of Bituminous Materials.
TCVN 7496 : 2005 hon ton t-ng -ng vi ASTM D 113 - 99 Standard Test Method
for Ductility of Bituminous Materials.
TCVN 7497 : 2005 hon ton t-ng -ng vi ASTM D 36 - 00 Standard Test Method for
Softening Point of Bitumen (Ring-and-Ball Aparatus).
TCVN 7498 : 2005 hon ton t-ng -ng vi ASTM D 92 - 02b Standard Test Method
for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester.
TCVN 7499 : 2005 hon ton t-ng -ng vi ASTM D 6 - 00 Standard Test Method for
Loss on Heating of Oil and Asphaltic compounds.
TCVN 7500 : 2005 hon ton t-ng -ng vi ASTM D 2042 - 01 Standard Test Method
for Solubility of Asphalt materials in Trichloroethylene.
TCVN 7501 : 2005 hon ton t-ng -ng vi ASTM D 70 - 03 Standard Test Method for
Density of Semi-Solid Bituminous Materials (Pycnomefer method).
TCVN 7502 : 2005 hon ton t-ng -ng vi ASTM D 2170 - 01a Standard Test Method
for Kinematic Viscosity of Asphalts (Bitumens).
TCVN 7503 : 2005 t-ng -ng c sa i vi DIN EN 12606-1 : 2000 Bitumen and
Bituminous Binder Determination of the Paraffin Wax Content Part 1: Method by
Distillation.
TCVN 7493 : 2005 TCVN 7504 : 2005 do Tiu ban K thut Tiu chun
TCVN/TC35/SC2 Vt liu chng thm bin son, Tng cc Tiu chun o l-ng Cht
l-ng ngh, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh ban hnh.
Bitum Yu cu k thut
Bitumen Specifications
1 Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun ny qui nh cc ch tiu cht l-ng ca bitum du m s dng trong xy dng.
Ch thch: Ph lc A gii thiu cc loi bitum s dng trong xy dng.
2 Ti liu vin dn
TCVN 7494 : 2005 (ASTM D 140 - 01) Bitum Ph-ng php ly mu.
TCVN 7495 : 2005 (ASTM D 5 - 97) Bitum Ph-ng php xc nh kim ln.
TCVN 7496 : 2005 (ASTM D 113 - 99) Bitum Ph-ng php xc nh ko di.
TCVN 7497 : 2005 (ASTM D 36 - 00) Bitum Ph-ng php xc nh im ho mm (dng c vng v
bi).
TCVN 7498 : 2005 (ASTM D 92 - 02b) Bitum Ph-ng php xc nh im chp chy v im chy bng
thit b th cc h Cleveland.
TCVN 7499 : 2005 (ASTM D 6 - 00) Bitum Ph-ng php xc nh tn tht khi l-ng sau gia nhit.
TCVN 7500 : 2005 (ASTM D 2042 - 01) Bitum Ph-ng php xc nh ho tan trong tricloetylen.
TCVN 7501 : 2005 (ASTM D 70 - 03) Bitum Ph-ng php xc nh khi l-ng ring (ph-ng php
Pycnometer).
TCVN 7502 : 2005 (ASTM D 2170 - 01a) Bitum Ph-ng php xc nh nht ng hc.
TCVN 7503 : 2005 Bitum Ph-ng php xc nh hm l-ng paraphin bng ph-ng php ch-ng ct.
TCVN 7504 : 2005 Bitum Ph-ng php xc nh bm dnh vi .
120 - 150 v 200 - 300. Cc ch tiu cht l-ng ca bitum -c qui nh trong Bng 1.
4 Ph-ng php th
4.1 Ly mu
Theo TCVN 7494 : 2005 (ASTM D 140 - 01).
4.2
Ph-ng php th
Bng A.1 - Gii thiu cc loi bitum s dng cc cng trnh khc nhau
Mc ch s dng
Mc bitum
20-30
40-50
60-70
85-100
120-150
200-300
++
--
++
3. B tng atphan ri m
--
--
4. Hn hp h ca ht va - bitum
--
++
++
--
6. Vt liu sn
++
--
7. Vt liu lp - lp tm
--
++
8. Vt liu lp - lp trng mt
++
--
++
--
--
++
Ch thch: ++ Rt thch hp
+
Thch hp
Khng thch hp
--
Rt khng thch hp
______________________________
20 - 30
40 - 50
60 - 70
85 - 100
120 - 150
200 - 300
Ph-ng php th
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
20
30
40
50
60
70
85
100
120
150
200
300
TCVN 7495:2005
(ASTM D 5-97)
2. ko di 25 oC,
5 cm/pht, cm
40
80
100
100
100
100 1)
TCVN 7496:2005
(ASTM D 113-99)
3. im ho mm (dng c vng v
bi), oC
52
49
46
43
39
35
TCVN 7497:2005
(ASTM D 36-00)
240
232
232
232
230
220
TCVN 7498:2005
(ASTM D 92-02b)
0,2
0,5
0,5
0,8
0,8
1,0
TCVN 7499:2005
(ASTM D 6-00)
80
80
75
75
75
70
TCVN 7495:2005
(ASTM D 5-97)
99
99
99
99
99
99
TCVN 7500:2005
(ASTM D 2042-01)
1,00 - 1,05
TCVN 7501:2005
(ASTM D 70-03)
Bo co
TCVN 7502:2005
(ASTM D 2170-01a)
mm /s (cSt)
10. Hm l-ng paraphin,
11. bm dnh vi
1)
7
7
2,2
2,2
2,2
2,2
2,2
2,2
Cp 3
Cp 3
Cp 3
Cp 3
Cp 3
Cp 3
Nu khng tin hnh -c php th nhit 25 o C, cho php tin hnh php th nhit 15 o C.
TCVN 7503:2005
TCVN 7504:2005
% khi l-ng
TCVN
Xut bn ln 1
H NI 2011
Mc lc
1 Phm vi p dng...........................................................................................................................5
2 Ti liu vin dn............................................................................................................................5
3 Thut ng v nh ngha........................................................................................................................7
4 Phn loi v cc ch tiu k thut yu cu vi b tng nha........................................................7
5 Yu cu v cht lng vt liu ch to b tng nha ................................................................10
6 Thit k hn hp b tng nha...................................................................................................13
7 Sn xut hn hp b tng nha ti trm trn..............................................................................14
8 Thi cng lp b tng nha...........................................................................................................16
9 Cng tc gim st, kim tra v nghim thu lp b tng nha......................................................21
10 An ton lao ng v bo v mi trng.....................................................................................25
Ph lc A (quy nh). Hng dn thit k hn hp b tng nha....................................................27
Ph lc B (tham kho). Hng dn chuyn i kch c sng trong phng th nghim sang kch c
sng ti trm trn..............................................................................................................................30
Li ni u
TCVN 8819 : 2011 do Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh Giao thng Vn ti bin son,
B Giao thng Vn ti ngh, Tng cc Tiu chun o lng cht lng thm
nh, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh Cng b.
1 Phm vi p dng
1.1 Tiu chun ny quy nh nhng yu cu k thut v vt liu, cng ngh ch to hn hp, cng
ngh thi cng, kim tra, gim st v nghim thu cc lp mt ng b tng nha (b tng t phan)
theo phng php trn nng ri nng.
1.2 Tiu chun ny p dng cho vic lm mi, sa cha, nng cp mt ng t, ng ph, bn
bi, qung trng.
1.3 Tiu chun ny khng p dng cho b tng nha s dng nha ng c cht ph gia ci thin,
b tng nha c, b tng nha c tnh nng c bit (lp ph b tng nha mng c nhm cao,
b tng nha rng thot nc c nhm cao, Stone Matrix Asphalt).
2 Ti liu vin dn
Cc ti liu vin dn sau rt cn thit cho vic p dng tiu chun ny. i vi cc ti liu vin dn
ghi nm ban hnh th p dng bn c nu. i vi cc ti liu vin dn khng ghi nm ban hnh
th p dng phin bn mi nht, bao gm c cc sa i (nu c).
TCVN 7572-2: 2006 Ct liu b tng v va-Phng php th- Phn 2: Xc nh thnh phn ht.
TCVN 7572-7: 2006 Ct liu b tng v va-Phng php th- Phn 7: Xc nh m.
TCVN 7572- 8: 2006 Ct liu b tng v va-Phng php th-Phn 8: Xc nh hm lng bn,
bi, st trong ct liu v hm lng st cc trong ct liu nh.
TCVN 7572-10: 2006 Ct liu b tng v va-Phng php th-Phn 10: Xc nh cng v h
s ha mm ca gc.
TCVN 7572-11: 2006 Ct liu b tng v va-Phng php th-Phn 11: Xc nh nn dp v h
s ha mm ca ct liu ln.
TCVN 7572-12: 2006 Ct liu b tng v va-Phng php th-Phn 12: Xc nh hao mn khi
va p ca ct liu ln trong my Los Angeles.
TCVN 7572-13: 2006 Ct liu b tng v va-Phng php th-Phn 13: Xc nh hm lng ht
thoi dt trong ct liu ln.
TCVN 7572-17: 2006 Ct liu b tng v va-Phng php th-Phn 17: Xc nh hm lng ht
mm yu, phong ha.
TCVN 7572-18: 2006 Ct liu b tng v va-Phng php th-Phn 18: Xc nh hm lng ht b
p v.
TCVN 4197-1995 t xy dng-Phng php xc nh gii hn chy v gii hn do trong phng th
nghim.
5
3 Thut ng v nh ngha
Trong tiu chun ny p dng cc thut ng sau:
3.1 Mt ng b tng nha nng (Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete Pavement )
Mt ng (bao gm 1 lp hoc 1 s lp c chiu dy quy nh) c ch to t hn hp b tng
nha nng.
3.2 Hn hp b tng nha nng (Hot Mix Asphalt-HMA )
Hn hp bao gm cc ct liu ( dm, ct, bt khong) c t l phi trn xc nh, c sy nng v
trn u vi nhau, sau c trn vi nha ng theo t l xc nh qua thit k. Hn hp b
tng nha nng c ch to ti trm trn.
3.3 C ht ln nht (Maximum Size of Aggregate)
C sng nh nht m lng lt qua c sng l 100%.
Tiu chun ny s dng h sng mt vung ASTM th nghim thnh phn ht ct liu v biu th
ng cong cp phi theo kch c ht ct liu.
3.4 C ht ln nht danh nh (Nominal Maximum Size of Aggregate)
C sng ln nht m lng st ring bit trn c sng khng ln hn 10%.
3.5 Hm lng nha (Asphalt Content)
Lng nha ng trong hn hp b tng nha, tnh theo phn trm ca khi lng hn hp b
tng nha (bao gm ct liu dm, ct, bt khong, nha ng).
3.6 Hm lng nha ti u (Optimum Asphalt Content)
Hm lng nha c xc nh khi thit k b tng nha, ng vi mt t l phi trn ct liu
chn, v tha mn tt c cc yu cu k thut quy nh vi ct liu v b tng nha c ch ra ti
Tiu chun ny.
3.7 rng d (Air Voids)
Tng th tch ca tt c cc bt kh nh nm gia cc ht ct liu c bc nha trong hn hp
b tng nha m nn. rng d c biu th bng phn trm ca th tch mu hn hp b
tng nha m nn.
3.8 rng ct liu (Voids in The Mineral Aggregate)
Th tch ca khong trng gia cc ht ct liu ca hn hp BTN m nn, th tch ny bao gm
rng d v th tch nha c hiu. rng ct liu c biu th bng phn trm ca th tch mu
hn hp b tng nha m nn.
4.1.2 Theo kch c ht ln nht danh nh ca b tng nha cht, c phn ra 4 loi:
B tng nha cht c c ht ln nht danh nh l 9,5 mm (v c ht ln nht l 12,5 mm), vit
tt l BTNC 9,5;
B tng nha ct, c c ht ln nht danh nh l 4,75 mm (v c ht ln nht l 9,5 mm), vit tt
l BTNC 4,75.
Gii hn v thnh phn cp phi hn hp ct liu (th nghim theo TCVN 7572-2: 2006) v phm
vi p dng ca cc loi BTNC quy nh ti Bng 1.
Bng 1 - Cp phi hn hp ct liu b tng nha cht (BTNC)
Quy nh
1. C ht ln nht danh nh, mm
BTNC 9,5
BTNC 12,5
BTNC 19
BTNC 4,75
9,5
12,5
19
4,75
2. C sng mt vung, mm
25
100
19
100
90100
12,5
100
90100
7186
9,5
90100
7489
5878
100
4,75
5580
4871
3661
80100
2,36
3663
3055
2545
6582
1,18
2545
2140
1733
4565
0,600
1733
1531
1225
3050
0,300
1225
1122
817
2036
0,150
917
815
612
1525
0,075
610
610
58
812
5,26,2
5,06,0
4,85,8
6,07,5
45
57
68
35
Lp mt trn
Lp mt trn
hoc lp mt
di
Lp mt di
Va h, ln
dnh cho xe
p, xe th s
Gii hn v thnh phn cp phi hn hp ct liu (th nghim theo TCVN 7572-2: 2006) v phm
vi p dng ca cc loi BTNR quy nh ti Bng 2.
Bng 2 - Cp phi hn hp ct liu b tng nha rng (BTNR)
Quy nh
1. C ht ln nht danh nh, mm
BTNR 19
BTNR 25
BTNR 37,5
19
25
37,5
2. C sng mt vung, mm
50
100
37,5
100
90100
25
100
90100
19
90100
4070
12,5
4070
9,5
4070
1848
4,75
1539
1034
629
2,36
218
117
014
1,18
0,600
010
010
08
0,300
0,150
0,075
4,05,0
3,54,5
3,04,0
810
1012
1216
Lp mng trn
Lp mng
Lp mng
5. Phm vi nn p dng
4.2 Cp phi hn hp ct liu ca BTNC v BTNR khi thit k phi nm trong gii hn quy nh
tng ng ti Bng 1 v Bng 2. ng cong cp phi ct liu thit k phi u n, khng c
thay i t gii hn di ca mt c sng ln gii hn trn ca c sng k tip hoc ngc li.
4.3 Hm lng nha ng ti u ca BTNC v BTNR (tnh theo % khi lng hn hp b tng
nha) c chn trn c s thit k hn hp theo phng php Marshall, sao cho cc ch tiu k
thut ca mu b tng nha thit k tho mn cc ch tiu k thut yu cu ti Bng 3 i vi BTNC
v Bng 4 i vi BTNR. Trnh t thit k hn hp b tng nha theo phng php Marshall theo
hng dn ti TCVN 8820:2011 v ti Ph lc A.
9
Phng php th
BTNC19;
BTNC12,5;
BTNC 9,5
BTNC 4,75
75 x 2
50 x 2
2. n nh 60 C, 40 pht, kN
8,0
5,5
3. do, mm
24
24
4. n nh cn li, %
75
75
TCVN 8860-12:2011
5. rng d, %
36
36
TCVN 8860-9:2011
17
TCVN 8860-10:2011
1. S chy m
0
15
14
C ht danh nh ln nht 19 mm
13
7 . su vt hn bnh xe (phng
php HWTD-Hamburg Wheel Tracking
Device), 10000 chu k, p lc 0,70
0
MPa, nhit 50 C, mm
12,5
TCVN 8860-1:2011
(*)
AASHTO T 324-04
Phng php th
50 x 2
75 x 2
2. n nh 600C, 40 min, kN
5,5
12,5 (**)
3. do, mm
24
36
4. n nh cn li, %
65
65
TCVN 8860-12:2011
5. rng d, %
712
712
TCVN 8860-9:2011
1. S chy m
(*)
TCVN 8860-1:2011
(**) :
Quy nh
Phng php th
BTNC
Lp mt trn
BTNR
Lp mt di
Cc lp mng
100
80
80
- trm tch
80
60
60
28
35
40
3. Hm lng ht thoi dt (t l
(*)
1/3) , %
15
15
20
10
15
15
5. Hm lng ht cui si b p
v (t nht l 2 mt v), %
80
6. nn dp ca cui si c
xay v, %
14
8. Hm lng st cc, %
0,25
0,25
0,25
9. dnh bm ca vi nha
(**)
ng , cp
cp 3
cp 3
cp 3
(*): S dng sng mt vung vi cc kch c 4,75 mm theo quy nh ti Bng 1, Bng 2 xc nh hm
lng thoi dt.
(**): Trng hp ngun dm d nh s dng ch to b tng nha c dnh bm vi nha ng nh
hn cp 3, cn thit phi xem xt cc gii php, hoc s dng cht ph gia tng kh nng dnh bm (xi mng,
vi, ph gia ha hc) hoc s dng dm t ngun khc m bo dnh bm. Vic la chn gii php no
do T vn gim st quyt nh.
5.2 Ct
5.2.1 Ct dng ch to b tng nha l ct thin nhin, ct xay, hoc hn hp ct thin nhin v
ct xay.
5.2.2 Ct thin nhin khng c ln tp cht hu c (g, than ...).
5.2.3 Ct xay phi c nghin t c cng nn khng nh hn cng nn ca dng
sn xut ra dm.
5.2.4 Ct s dng cho b tng nha ct (BTNC 4,75) phi c hm lng nm gia hai c sng 4,75
mm-1,18 mm khng di 18 %.
5.2.5 Cc ch tiu c l ca ct phi tho mn cc yu cu quy nh ti Bng 6.
11
Quy nh
Phng php th
2. H s ng lng ct (ES), %
AASHTO T176
- Ct thin nhin
80
- Ct xay
50
0,5
TCVN 8860-7:2011
- BTNC lm lp mt trn
43
- BTNC lm lp mt di
40
5.3 Bt khong
5.3.1 Bt khong l sn phm c nghin t cc b nt ( vi can xit, olomit ...), c cng
nn ca gc ln hn 20 MPa, t x baz ca l luyn kim hoc l xi mng.
5.3.2 cc b nt dng sn xut bt khong phi sch, khng ln cc tp cht hu c, hm lng
chung bi bn st khng qu 5%.
5.3.3 Bt khong phi kh, ti, khng c vn hn.
5.3.4 Cc ch tiu c l ca bt khong phi tho mn cc yu cu quy nh ti Bng 7.
Bng 7 - Cc ch tiu c l quy nh cho bt khong
Ch tiu
Quy nh
Phng php th
TCVN 7572-2: 2006
0,600 mm
100
0,300 mm
95100
0,075 mm
70100
2. m, %
1,0
3. Ch s do ca bt khong nghin t cc b
nt, (*) %
4,0
TCVN 4197-1995
( ):
* Xc nh gii hn chy theo phng php Casagrande. S dng phn bt khong lt qua sng li mt
vung kch c 0,425 mm th nghim gii hn chy, gii hn do.
T l phi hp gia cc loi ct liu: dm, ct, bt ti phu ngui, phu nng;
Kt qu th nghim Marshall v hm lng nha ng ti u (tnh theo phn trm khi lng
ca hn hp b tng nha);
13
Phng n thi cng ngoi hin trng nh: chiu dy lp b tng nha cha lu ln, s lu, s
lt lu trn 1 im, nhm mt ng...
1. Cp phi ht ct liu
Lng lt qua
sng tng ng
vi cc c sng,
mm
12,5 v ln hn
9,5 v 4,75
2,36 v 1,18
0,600 v 0,300
0,150 v 0,075
14
0,2
7.3.9 Nhit ca ct liu khi ra khi trng sy cao hn nhit trn khng qu 15 C. m ca
dm, ct khi ra khi trng sy phi nh hn 0,5%.
7.3.10 Bt khong dng ngui sau khi cn ong, c a trc tip vo thng trn.
7.3.11 Thi gian trn ct liu vi nha ng trong thng trn phi tun theo ng quy nh k thut
ca loi trm trn s dng v vi loi hn hp b tng nha sn xut, thng t ln hn 30 s n
khng qu 60 s. Thi gian trn c iu chnh ph hp trn c s xem xt kt qu sn xut th v
ri th.
CH THCH 1:
Thi gian trn ct liu vi nha ng trong thng trn c quy nh l thi gian ngn nht tha mn yu cu
sau:
-
Khi trn cc loi BTN dng cho lp mt: c t nht 95% ht ct liu c nha ng bao bc hon ton.
Khi trn cc loi BTN dng cho lp mng: c t nht 90% s ht ct liu c nha bao bc hon ton.
15
60/70
85/100
155165
150160
145155
2. X hn hp vo thng xe t (hoc
phng tin vn chuyn khc)
145160
140155
135150
3. hn hp t xe t vo phu my ri
130
125
120
4. Bt u lu ln
125
120
115
85
80
75
- Trn mu
155160
150155
145150
- m to mu
145150
140145
135140
CH THCH:
Khong nhit lu ln b tng nha c hiu qu nht tng ng vi cc loi nha ng:
16
O
O
Nha ng 85/100: 130 C105 C.
Phng n v cng ngh thi cng: loi vt liu ti dnh bm, hoc thm bm; t l ti dnh
bm, hoc thm bm; thi gian cho php ri lp b tng nha sau khi ti vt liu dnh bm hoc
thm bm; chiu dy ri lp b tng nha cha lu ln; nhit ri; nhit lu ln bt u v kt
thc; s lu ln ca cc loi lu khc nhau, s lt lu cn thit; cht lu ln; bng phng;
nhm b mt sau khi thi cng
17
18
8.6.9. Cui ngy lm vic, my ri phi chy khng ti ra qu cui vt ri khong t 5-7 m mi c
ngng hot ng.
8.6.10 Trn on ng c dc dc ln hn 40 phi tin hnh ri hn hp b tng nha t chn
dc i ln.
8.6.11 Trng hp my ri ang lm vic b hng (thi gian sa cha phi ko di hng gi) th
phi bo ngay v trm trn tm ngng cung cp hn hp b tng nha v cho php dng my san t
hnh san nt lng hn hp b tng nha cn li.
8.6.12. Trng hp my ang ri gp ma t ngt th:
8.6.14 Mi ni ngang:
Mi ni ngang sau mi ngy lm vic phi c sa cho thng gc vi trc ng. Trc khi ri
tip phi dng my ct b phn u mi ni sau dng vt liu ti dnh bm qut ln vt ct
m bo vt ri mi v c dnh kt tt.
8.6.15 Mi ni dc:
20
Thit b ri, lu ln, thit b thng tin lin lc, lc lng thi cng, h thng m bo an ton giao
thng v an ton lao ng.
Nha ng: kim tra cc ch tiu cht lng theo quy nh ti TCVN 7493: 2005 (tr ch tiu
0
nht ng hc 135 C) cho mi t nhp vt liu;
Vt liu ti thm bm, dnh bm: kim tra cc ch tiu cht lng ca vt liu ti dnh bm,
thm bm p dng cho cng trnh cho mi t nhp vt liu;
dm, ct, bt khong: kim tra cc ch tiu quy nh ti 5.1, ti 5.2 v ti 5.3 cho mi t nhp
vt liu.
9.3.2 Kim tra trong qu trnh sn xut hn hp b tng nha: theo quy nh ti Bng 10.
21
Tn sut
V tr kim tra
Cn c
2 ngy/ln
hoc
3
200m /ln
Khu vc tp kt
dm
Bng 5
2 ngy/ln
hoc
200m3/ln
Khu vc tp kt
ct
Bng 6
2 ngy/ln
hoc 50 tn
Kho cha
Bng 7
1 ngy/ln
Thng nu nha
ng s b
- Thnh phn ht
- Hm lng ht thoi dt
- Hm lng chung bi, bn, st
2. Ct
- Thnh phn ht
- H s ng lng ct- ES
3. Bt khong
- Thnh phn ht
- Ch s do
4. Nha ng
- kim ln
- im ho mm
CH THCH:
Vi trm trn lin tc: tn sut kim tra ct liu ( dm, ct, bt khong) l 1 ln/ngy.
Ch tiu/phng php
Tn sut
V tr kim tra
Cn c
1. Vt liu ti cc phu
nng
Thnh phn ht
1 ngy/ln
Cc phu nng
(hot bin)
Thnh phn ht
ca tng phu
1 ngy/ln
Trn xe ti hoc
phu nhp liu
ca my ri
Cc ch tiu ca
hn hp b tng
nha c
ph duyt
- Thnh phn ht
- Hm lng nha ng
- n nh Marshall
2. Cng thc ch to
hn hp b tng nha
- rng d
- Khi lng th tch mu b
tng nha
- T trng ln nht ca b
tng nha
2 ngy/ln
3. H thng cn ong
vt liu
1 ngy/ ln
Tiu chun k
thut ca trm
trn
1 ngy/ ln
4. H thng nhit k
Tiu chun k
thut ca trm
trn
5. Nhit nha
ng
Nhit k
1 gi/ln
Thng nu s
b, thng trn
Theo 7.3.6. v
Bng 9
Nhit k
1 gi/ln
Tang sy
Theo 7.3.9
7. Nhit trn
Nhit k
Mi m trn
Thng trn
Bng 9
ng h
Mi m trn
Phng iu
khin
Theo 7.3.11
Nhit k
Mi m trn
Phng iu
khin
Bng 9
22
Ch tiu/
phng php
Mt
kim
tra
V tr kim tra
Cn c
1. Nhit hn hp
trn xe ti
Nhit k
Mi xe
Thng xe
Bng 9
2. Nhit khi ri
hn hp
Nhit k
50 mt/im
Ngay sau
my ri
Bng 9
3. Nhit lu ln hn
hp
Nhit k
50 mt/im
Mt ng
Bng 9
Thun st
50 mt/im
Mt ng
H s thit k
S lu, tc lu, s
lt lu, ti trng lu,
cc quy nh khi lu ln
Thng xuyn
Mt ng
Theo 8.3.2
v 8.7
Quan st bng mt
Mi mi ni
Mt ng
Theo 8.6.14
v 8.6.15
Thc 3 mt
25 mt/mt ct
Mt ng
Khe h khng
qu 5 mm
4. Chiu dy lp b
tng nha
5. Cng tc lu ln
6. Cc mi ni dc,
mi ni ngang
7. bng phng
sau khi lu s b
2. dc ngang:
Phng
php
Mt o
Thc thp
50 m / mt ct
- 5 cm
My thu
bnh
50 m / mt ct
0,5%
- Lp trn
0, 25%
Khoan li
- Lp di
- Lp trn
4. Cao
My thu
bnh
2500 m
(hoc 330 m
di ng 2
ln xe) / 1 t 3
mu
Tng s ch hp khng qu
5% chiu di ng
95 % tng s im o
- Lp di
3. Chiu dy
Quy nh v t l im o
t yu cu
8% chiu dy
95 % tng s im o, 5%
cn li khng vt qu 10
mm
5% chiu dy
50 m/ im
- Lp di
- 10 mm; + 5 mm
- Lp trn
5 mm
95 % tng s im o, 5%
cn li sai s khng vt qu
10 mm
23
Mt kim tra
Yu cu
25 m / 1 ln xe
9.6.3 nhm mt ng: Tiu chun nghim thu quy nh ti Bng 15.
Bng 15 - Tiu chun nghim thu nhm mt ng
Hng mc
Mt kim tra
Yu cu
5 im o / 1 Km/ 1ln
tn: Khi lng th tch trung bnh ca b tng nha sau khi thi cng hin trng, g/cm3 (xc
nh trn mu khoan);
o: Khi lng th tch trung bnh ca b tng nha trm trn tng ng vi l trnh kim
3
tra, g/cm (xc nh trn mu c Marshall ti trm trn theo quy nh ti Bng 11 hoc trn
mu b tng nha ly t cc l trnh tng ng c c ch b li).
2
24
Thit k s b;
10.1.6 Trnh t thao tc khi t n kh phi tin hnh tun theo ch dn ca trm trn. Khi mi la
cng nh iu chnh n kh phi ng pha cnh bung t, khng c ng trc din vi n
kh.
10.1.7 Khng c s dng trng rang vt liu c nhng h hng bung t, n kh, cng nh
khi c hin tng ngn la len qua cc khe h ca bung t pht ra ngoi tri.
10.1.8 cc trm trn hn hp b tng nha iu khin t ng cn theo cc quy nh:
-
25
Khi khi ng phi trit tun theo trnh t quy nh cho mi loi trm trn t khu cp vt
liu vo trng sy n khu tho hn hp trn xong vo thng.
10.1.9 Trong lc kim tra cng nh sa cha k thut, trong cc l nu, thng cha, cc ch m t
ch c dng cc ngn n in di ng c in th 12 V. Khi kim tra v sa cha bn trong trng
rang v thng trn hn hp phi cc b phn ny ngui hn.
10.1.10 Mi ngi lm vic trm trn b tng nha u phi hc qua mt lp v an ton lao ng
v k thut c bn ca tng khu trong dy chuyn cng ngh ch to hn hp b tng nha trm
trn, phi c trang b qun o, knh, gng tay, dy bo h lao ng tu theo tng phn vic.
10.1.11 trm trn phi c y t thng trc, c bit l s cu khi b bng, c trang b y cc
dng c v thuc men m c quan y t quy nh.
10.2 Ti hin trng thi cng b tng nha
10.2.1 Trc khi thi cng phi t bin bo "Cng trng" u v cui on ng thi cng, b tr
ngi v bin bo hng dn ng trnh cho cc loi phng tin giao thng trn ng; quy nh
s chy n v chy i ca t vn chuyn hn hp, chiu sng khu vc thi cng nu lm m.
10.2.2 Cng nhn phc v theo my ri, phi c ng, gng tay, khu trang, qun o lao ng ph
hp vi cng vic phi i li trn hn hp c nhit cao.
10.2.3 Trc mi ca lm vic phi kim tra tt c cc my mc v thit b thi cng, sa cha iu
chnh my lm vic tt. Ghi vo s nht k thi cng v tnh trng v cc h hng ca my v bo
cho ngi ch o thi cng hin trng kp thi.
10.2.4 i vi my ri hn hp b tng nha phi ch kim tra s lm vic ca bng ti cp liu,
t nng tm l. Trc khi h phn treo ca my ri phi trng chng khng c ngi ng k
sau my ri.
26
Ph lc A
(quy nh)
27
A.1.9 Ngm mu m trong b n nhit nhit 60 C vi thi gian quy nh, sau nn trn
my nn Marshall xc nh n nh v do Marshall. Tnh gi tr n nh trung bnh,
do trung bnh cho mi t mu.
A.1.10 Chn hm lng nha ng ti u theo Marshall: t kt qu th nghim ca 5 t mu, thit
lp cc th quan h gia hm lng nha ng vi cc ch tiu: n nh trung bnh, do
trung bnh, rng d trung bnh, rng ct liu trung bnh, khi lng th tch trung bnh. Cn c
cc gi tr quy nh ti Bng 3 hoc Bng 4, xc nh khong hm lng nha ng tho mn cho
0
tng ch tiu: n nh 60 C, do, rng d, rng ct liu. Xc nh khong hm lng
nha ng tho mn tt c cc ch tiu trn. Gi tr hm lng nha ng nm gia khong hm
lng nha tho mn tt c cc ch tiu trn thng c chn lm hm lng nha ti u theo
Marshall. Vi b tng nha cht, nn chn hm lng nha ng ti u sao cho gi tr rng d
khong 4%. Xc nh gi tr khi lng th tch b tng nha tng ng vi hm lng nha ng
ti u lm c s tnh cht m nn K.
A.1.11 Chun b 2 mu hn hp b tng nha vi thnh phn ht nh A.1.2, vi hm lng nha
ng ti u xc nh ti A.1.10, c 2 mu Marshall xc nh n nh cn li v tnh n
nh cn li trung bnh ca 2 mu. Nu n nh cn li trung bnh tho mn yu cu quy nh ti
Bng 3 hoc Bng 4 tng ng vi loi b tng nha thit k th hm lng nha ng ti u
chn theo A.1.10 l hp l, chuyn sang giai on thit k hon chnh.
A.2 Thit k hon chnh
A.2.1 a bng ti cp dm v ct ca trm trn vo vn hnh. Thit lp ng cong quan h
gia tc cp liu (tn/gi) v tc bng ti (mt/pht) cho dm v ct. Xc nh gi tr m
ca vt liu a vo hiu chnh cho chnh xc. Khi thit lp ng cong quan h, phi c t nht 3
gi tr ng vi cc tc bng ti bng: 20 %, 50 % v 70 % ca tc ti a. Phi iu chnh sao
cho kch thc ca ca phu bng hoc ln hn 3 ln kch thc ht ln nht ca ct liu.
A.2.2 a ton b trm trn vo vn hnh th tng t nh khi sn xut i tr nhng ch khc l
khng trn ct liu vi nha ng v bt . Cn c vo kt qu ti A.2.1, tnh ton tc bng ti
cho dm, ct t c t l dm, ct xc nh ti A.1.2.
A.2.3 Khi trm trn trong trng thi hot ng n nh, ly mu ct liu t cc phu d tr ct
liu nng, ly mu bt khong phn tch thnh phn ht, tnh ton t l phi hp gia cc loi ct
liu sao cho ng cong cp phi hn hp ct liu tng t nh A.1.2. Tin hnh thit k mu theo
Marshall. Trnh t tin hnh th nghim xc nh ng cong cp phi v hm lng nha ng ti
u theo Marshall theo quy nh t A.1.1 n A.1.10.
A.2.4 Chun b 2 mu hn hp b tng nha vi thnh phn ht v hm lng nha ng ti u
chn theo A.2.3, c 2 mu Marshall xc nh n nh cn li v tnh n nh cn li trung
bnh ca 2 mu. Nu n nh cn li trung bnh tho mn yu cu quy nh Bng 3 hoc Bng 4
tng ng vi loi b tng nha thit k th hm lng nha ng ti u chn ti A.2.3 l hp
l, chuyn sang giai on sn xut th v ri th.
CH THCH A2:
i vi trm trn lin tc th thit k hon chnh cng chnh l thit k s b nn khng cn phi thc hin bc
A.2.3 v A.2.4 m tin hnh nh sau:
-
Thit lp ng cong quan h gia tc cp ct liu (tn/gi) vi tc bng ti (m/pht) cho tng loi
ct liu, tng t nh m t ti A.2.1.
Cho h thng cp ct liu hot ng, ch ti khi h thng hot ng n nh th tin hnh ly mu hn
hp ct liu trc khi a vo tang sy (cng chnh l thng trn). Nu cp phi ca mu hn hp ct liu
ny ph hp vi cp phi ca hn hp ct liu trong thit k s b th vic iu chnh tc bng ti t
yu cu kt thc giai on thit k hon chnh.
29
Ph lc B
(tham kho)
30
2,36
2,5
4,75
9,5
11
12,5
14
19.0
22
25,0
29
31,5
35
37,5
41
50
57
TCVN
Xut bn ln 1
H NI 2011
Mc lc
1 Phm vi p dng.................................................................................................................................5
2 Ti liu vin dn..................................................................................................................................5
3 Thut ng, nh ngha.........................................................................................................................6
4 Phn loi b tng nha........................................ ..............................................................................8
5 Nguyn tc thit k hn hp b tng nha theo phng php Marshall............................................9
6 Cn c thit k hn hp b tng nha theo phng php Marshall.................................................9
7 Cc giai on v ni dung thit k hn hp b tng nha ...............................................................10
8 Trnh t thit k hn hp b tng nha theo phng php Marshall................................................13
9 Yu cu chung i vi Phng th nghim hin trng.......................................................................25
Ph lc A (tham kho). Hng dn thit k phi trn ct liu................................................................27
Ph lc B (tham kho). Tnh cc c tnh th tch ca hn hp b tng nha. Bo co kt qu thit k
hn hp b tng nha theo phng php Marshall............... ...............................................................34
Li ni u
TCVN 8820: 2011 do Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh Giao thng Vn ti bin
son, B Giao thng Vn ti ngh, Tng cc Tiu chun o lng cht
lng thm nh, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh cng b.
1 Phm vi p dng
1.1 Tiu chun ny a ra trnh t hng dn thit k hn hp b tng nha nng theo phng php
Marshall.
1.2 Tiu chun ny p dng vi loi hn hp b tng nha cht, s dng cht kt dnh l nha ng
thng thng (bitum) hoc nha ng ci thin (nha ng polime).
1.3 Vi loi hn hp b tng nha cp phi gin on, cp phi h, hn hp -nha (stone matrix
asphalt), ngoi vic p dng tiu chun ny thit k hn hp, cn p dng cc tiu chun b sung lin
quan c quy nh trong tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng b tng nha tng ng.
1.4 Cc yu cu k thut lm c s chp thun thit k hn hp b tng nha nng c quy nh c
th trong tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng b tng nha.
2 Ti liu vin dn
Cc ti liu vin dn sau rt cn thit cho vic p dng tiu chun ny. i vi cc ti liu vin dn ghi
nm ban hnh th p dng bn c nu. i vi cc ti liu vin dn khng ghi nm ban hnh th p
dng phin bn mi nht, bao gm c cc sa i.
TCVN 7572-2: 2006 Ct liu b tng v va-Phng php th- Phn 2: Xc nh thnh phn ht.
TCVN 7501:2005 Bitum- Phng php xc nh khi lng ring (phng php Picnometer).
TCVN 8860-1: 2011 B tng nha-Phng php th-Phn 1: Xc nh n nh, do Marshall.
TCVN 8860-4: 2011 B tng nha-Phng php th-Phn 4: Xc nh t trng ri ln nht, khi lng
ring ca b tng nha trng thi ri.
TCVN 8860-5: 2011 B tng nha-Phng php th-Phn 5: Xc nh t trng khi, khi lng th tch
ca b tng nha m nn.
TCVN 8860-9: 2011 B tng nha-Phng php th-Phn 9: Xc nh rng d.
TCVN 8860-10: 2011 B tng nha-Phng php th-Phn 10: Xc nh rng ct liu.
TCVN 8860-11: 2011 B tng nha-Phng php th-Phn 11: Xc nh rng lp y nha.
TCVN 8860-12: 2011 B tng nha-Phng php th-Phn 12: Xc nh n nh cn li ca b tng
nha.
TCVN 8819 : 2011 Mt ng b tng nha nng-Yu cu thi cng v nghim thu.
5
BTN c nhm cao, tng kh nng khng trt: s dng cho ng t cp cao, ng cao tc,
cc on ng nguy him. Lp BTN ny c ph trn mt BTN, ngay sau khi thi cng cc lp
BTN pha di hoc c ph sau ny, khi nng cp mt ng.
BTN dng lm lp mt trn (wearing course mixture): thng s dng BTN cht.
BTN dng lm lp mng (base course mixture): loi BTN cht v BTN rng u c th s dng lm
lp mng. BTN rng c gi thnh thp hn do khng cn s dng bt khong v hm lng nha
thp hn so vi BTN cht.
Tt c cc vt liu s dng ( dm, ct, bt khong, nha ng) u phi tho mn cc ch tiu
c l theo quy nh ca Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN.
ng cong cp phi ca hn hp ct liu sau khi phi trn phi nm trong gii hn ca ng bao
cp phi quy nh ti Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN.
Hm lng nha ti u la chn phi tha mn cc ch tiu lin quan n c tnh th tch ( rng
d, rng ct liu...), cc ch tiu th nghim theo Marshall ( n nh, do...) v cc ch tiu b
sung nu c theo quy nh ca Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN.
Gii hn ng bao cp phi hn hp ct liu: kch c sng, gii hn lng lt qua sng (cn trn,
cn di) ng vi tng c sng.
Phng php m mu Marshall (Marshall tiu chun, Marshall ci tin), s chy m/mt.
Yu cu k thut ca mt s cc ch tiu khc lin quan n cht lng vt liu, cht lng BTN (nu
trong Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN c quy nh).
6.2 Vic thit k hn hp BTN theo phng php Marshall phi tha mn cc ch tiu quy nh nu trn.
Giai on 3: Ph duyt cng thc ch to BTN sau khi ri th (Job-mix formula verification);
Giai on 4: Kim sot cht lng hng ngy (Routine construction control).
Mi giai on trong qu trnh thit k u c vai tr ring; nhng tt c cc giai on u quan trng v
khng th b qua bt c giai on no. Cc ni dung thit k hn hp BTN cho mi giai on c tm
tt ti Hnh 1.
7.1 Giai on thit k s b (Giai on 1)
7.1.1 Mc ch chnh ca cng tc thit k s b l xc nh cht lng ca cc loi ct liu sn c ti
ni thi cng; i chiu vi cc yu cu k thut xem c ph hp hay khng; liu rng c th s dng
nhng ct liu ny sn xut ra BTN t yu cu v thnh phn ht v cc ch tiu quy nh vi hn
hp BTN hay khng.
7.1.2 Trng hp ti ni thi cng c nhiu ngun vt liu th phi tin hnh nhiu thit k vi cc ngun
vt liu khc nhau t la chn ra 1 hn hp ct liu c gi thnh thp nht ng thi tha mn
c tt c cc yu cu k thut ra.
7.1.3 Giai on ny s dng mu vt liu ly ti ngun cung cp hoc phu ngui ca trm trn thit
k. Thnh phn ht ca hn hp ct liu thng c chn nm gia min gii hn ca biu thnh
phn ht quy nh trong Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN.
7.1.4 Trnh t thit k hn hp BTN: tin hnh theo 7 bc (Hnh 1), chi tit xem ti Phn 8.
7.1.5 ngha ca giai on thit k s b:
-
10
Giai on 1
Thit k
s b
Giai on 2
Thit k
hon chnh
Giai on 3
Ph duyt cng
thc ch to
hn hp BTN
Giai on 4
Kim sot
cht lng
hng ngy
Ct liu ngui
Ct liu nng
Bc 1:
Th nghim cc ch
tiu c l ca ct
liu v nha ng
Bc 1:
Th nghim cc ch
tiu c l ca ct
liu
Bc 1:
Sn xut th hn
hp BTN ti trm trn
Bc 1:
Th nghim kim tra
hn hp BTN trc
khi ri
Bc 2:
Tnh t l phi trn
cc ct liu
Bc 2:
Tnh t l phi trn
cc ct liu
Bc 2:
Ri th hn hp
BTN ti hin trng
Bc 2:
Th nghim kim tra
hn hp BTN sau
khi ri
Bc 3:
Chun b mu hn
hp ct liu
Bc 3:
Chun b mu hn
hp ct liu
Bc 3:
Th nghim kim tra
hn hp BTN trc
khi ri
Bc 3:
Nghim thu
Bc 4:
Trn ct liu vi
nha ng, c
mu Marshall
Bc 4:
Trn ct liu vi
nha ng, c
mu Marshall
Bc 4:
Th nghim kim tra
hn hp BTN sau
khi ri
Bc 5:
Th nghim, tnh
ton cc ch tiu c
tnh th tch ca hn
hp BTN
Bc 5:
Th nghim cc ch
tiu c tnh th tch
ca hn hp BTN
Bc 5:
Ph duyt cng thc
ch to hn hp
BTN
Bc 6:
Th nghim n
nh v do
Marshall
Bc 6:
Th nghim n
nh v do
Marshall
Bc 7:
Xc nh hm lng
nha ti u
Bc 7:
Xc nh hm lng
nha ti u
11
iu chnh sao cho kch thc ca ca phu bng hoc ln hn 3 ln kch thc ht ln nht ca ct
liu.
Da trn kt qu thit lp ng cong quan h tc cp liu-tc bng ti, tnh ton tc bng
ti cho dm, cho ct t c cc t l dm, ct theo kt qu phi trn ti Bc 2 ca giai
on thit k s b (Hnh 1).
Khi trm trn trong trng thi hot ng n nh, ly mu ct liu t cc phu d tr ct liu
nng (ct liu t mi phu nng c coi l 1 loi ct liu), ly mu bt khong phn tch thnh
phn ht. Tnh ton t l phi hp gia cc loi ct liu tng t nh Bc 2 ca giai on thit k
s b. iu chnh tc ca bng ti cho ph hp sao cho ng cong cp phi hn hp ct liu
tng t nh kt qu ca Bc 2 ca giai on thit k s b.
7.3.2 Nu kt qu th nghim trong phng v hin trng ch ra rng hn hp BTN khi sn xut th ph
hp vi cc yu cu k thut quy nh ti Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN v c tnh
cng tc ph hp, c th thi cng bng cc phng tin hin c, m bo yu cu v cht, bng
phng, kch thc hnh hc... th y l thi im Nh thu trnh cng thc ch to BTN T vn v
Ch u t ph duyt. Cng thc ch to BTN bao gm cc ni dung sau:
12
Cc gi tr nhit thi cng quy nh: trn, x hn hp ra khi my trn, vn chuyn ti cng trng,
khi ri, khi lu;
Phng n thi cng ngoi hin trng nh: chiu dy lp BTN cha lu ln, s lu, s lt lu trn 1
im, nhm mt ng...
7.3.3 Cng thc ch to BTN c ph duyt trn l c s cho ton b cc cng tc tip theo, t sn
xut, thi cng, nghim thu n thanh quyt ton gia Nh thu vi Ch u t sau ny.
7.4 Kim sot cht lng hng ngy trong qu trnh sn xut v thi cng (Giai on 4)
Cng tc kim sot cht lng hng ngy bao gm 2 bc nh sau (Hnh 1):
-
Bc 1: Kim sot cht lng trong qu trnh sn xut, vic kim sot cht lng ti bc ny tng
t nh Bc 3 ca giai on ph duyt cng thc ch to BTN.
Bc 2: Kim sot cht lng sau khi thi cng - tng t nh Bc 4 ca giai on ph duyt cng
thc ch to BTN.
13
kim tra cc ch tiu c l ca mu BTN sau khi bit hm lng nha ti u: 3 mu.
kim tra cc ch tiu BTN b sung sau khi bit hm lng nha ti u: s lng mu theo quy
nh ca Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN.
Trng hp th nghim theo phng php Marshall thng thng: lng hn hp ct liu cho mi
mu khong 1200 g;
Trng hp th nghim theo theo phng php Marshall ci tin: lng hn hp ct liu cho mi mu
khong 4000 g.
a l phn trm ct liu nm trn sng 2,36mm, a vo di dng s nguyn (v d 22,3 % th ghi
l 22);
c l phn trm ct liu lt sng 0,075mm; a vo di dng s thp phn (v d 6,25% th ghi l
6,25);
K chn l 0,15 nu lng lt sng 0,075mm t 11 n 15%; K chn l 0,18 nu lng lt sng
0,075mm t 6 n 10%; K chn l 0,20 nu lng lt sng 0,075mm t 0 n 5%;
15
Kim tra cc ch tiu BTN b sung ng vi hm lng nha ti u: s lng mu BTN theo quy nh
ca Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN.
8.4.2.2 Vic trn hn hp ct liu vi nha ng c tin hnh theo trnh t sau:
-
Cho mu nha ng vo trong t sy v gia nhit n nhit trn c quy nh trong Tiu chun
thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN.
8.4.3 m mu Marshall
8.4.3.1 Thit b m mu Marshall, dng c th nghim, trnh t m mu theo quy nh ti TCVN
8860-1:2011.
8.4.3.2 5 t mu hn hp BTN (mi t 3 mu) trn ln lt c a vo khun m mu. Chiu
cao ca mu hn hp BTN sau khi m trong khun phi trong khong quy nh (63,5 mm 1,3 mm khi
m theo Marshall thng thng hoc 95,2 mm 1,8 mm khi m theo Marshall ci tin). Thng thng,
hn hp ct liu c khi lng khong 1200 g (khi m theo phng php Marshall thng thng) hoc
khong 4000 g (khi m theo phng php Marshall ci tin) s cho mu c c chiu cao ph hp.
8.4.3.3 Trng hp chiu cao mu khng nm trong khong quy nh th iu chnh lng ct liu cn
thit c mu nh sau:
A x Lng ct liu s dng (g)
Lng ct liu cn thit, g =
Chiu cao mu ng vi lng ct liu s dng (mm)
Trong :
-
8.4.3.4 Nhit m to mu Marshall c quy nh ti Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu BTN, ph
thuc vo loi nha ng (bitum) s dng.
8.5 Th nghim v tnh ton cc ch tiu c tnh th tch ca hn hp BTN
Cc th nghim v cc ch tiu tnh ton cn thit lin quan n c tnh th tch phc v thit k hn hp
BTN tun theo trnh t sau:
16
hp ph nc (Absorption).
T trng khi (Bulk Specific Gravity) ca ct liu ( dm, ct) c s dng tnh t trng khi ca
hn hp ct liu.
T trng biu kin (Apperent Specific Gravity) ca ct liu ( dm, ct, bt khong) c s dng
tnh t trng biu kin ca hn hp ct liu.
P2
+ ...
Pn
Gsb =
(1)
P1
P2
+ ...
+
G1
Pn
+
Gn
G2
Trong :
-
P1, P2, ..., Pn l hm lng tng loi ct liu, tnh theo % ca tng khi lng hn hp ct liu.
G1, G2, ..., Gn l t trng khi ca tng loi ct liu c trong hn hp ct liu.
P2
+ ...
Pn
Gsa =
(1)
P1
P2
+
G1
Pn
+ ...
G2
Gn
Trong :
-
P1, P2, ..., Pn l hm lng tng loi ct liu, tnh theo % ca tng khi lng hn hp ct liu.
G1, G2,..., Gn l t trng biu kin ca tng loi ct liu c trong hn hp ct liu.
Pb
Gse =
(2)
Pmm
Pb
-
Gmm
Gb
Trong :
-
Pmm l phn trm khi lng ca tng khi lng hn hp trng thi ri (Pmm= 100);
CH THCH 1:
T trng c hiu ca ct liu lun nm trong gii hn gia t trng khi v t trng biu kin. Nu kt qu tnh t
trng c hiu nm ngoi gii hn trn th kt qu l sai. Khi cn phi kim tra li gi tr t trng ln ca hn
hp BTN theo th nghim, kim tra li t l phi trn ct liu v hm lng nha tm ra nguyn nhn dn n sai
st.
18
Tnh t trng c hiu ca hn hp ct liu (Gse) theo cng thc 2 (Mc 8.5.4) vi gi tr t trng ln
nht ca hn hp BTN bit (Gmm).
(3)
Ps
Gse
Pb
+
Gb
Trong :
-
Pmm l phn trm khi lng ca hn hp BTN trng thi ri ( Pmm= 100);
Gb l t trng ca nha.
19
100 x
x Gb
(4)
Gsb x Gse
Trong :
-
Gb l t trng ca nha.
Pb -
x Ps
(5)
100
Trong :
-
100 -
(6)
Gsb
Trong :
-
(7)
Gmm
Trong :
20
(8)
VMA
Trong :
-
8.7.1.2 n nh, do, rng d, rng ct liu, rng lp y nha, Khi lng th tch mu
BTN l gi tr trung bnh cng ca 3 gi tr tng ng ca 3 mu th nghim.
21
Cn c yu cu k thut nu trong Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN tng ng,
da vo tng th quan h lp, xc nh khong hm lng nha tha mn tng ch tiu tng
ng: n nh, do, rng d, rng ct liu, rng lp y nha.
Chn 1 gi tr nm trong khong hm lng nha ti u ny. Thng chn gi tr gia khong ny
lm hm lng nha ti u. Nu khng tha mn cn phi iu chnh li thit k hn hp BTN.
22
Quan h
n nh - HmTCVN
lng8820
nha :
2.390
2.380
2.370
2.360
11.50
10.50
9.50
2.350
4
4.5
5.5
6.5
4.5
Quan h
rng d - Hm lng nha
5.5
6.5
Quan h
rng lp y - Hm lng nha
8.00
90
rng lp y (%)
7.00
rng d (%)
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
80
70
60
50
0.00
4
4.5
5.5
6.5
4.5
5.5
6.5
6.5
Quan h
rng ct liu - Hm lng nha
Quan h
do - Hm lng nha
17.2
3.0
17.0
2.8
16.8
do (mm)
2011
12.50
2.400
n nh (KN)
Quan h
Khi lng th tch - Hm lng nha
16.6
16.4
16.2
2.6
2.4
2.2
16.0
15.8
2.0
4
4.5
5.5
6.5
4.5
5.5
23
n nh
do
rng d
rng ct liu
rng lp y nha
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
Hm lng nha, %
rng ct liu (VMA): ban u rng ct liu gim dn theo chiu tng ca hm lng nha. Khi
t n 1 gi tr cc tiu no th rng ct liu li tng dn theo chiu tng ca hm lng
nha.
rng lp y nha (VFA): rng lp y nha tng dn u theo chiu tng ca hm lng
nha.
Khi lng th tch BTN: quy lut bin i ca khi lng th tch cng tng t nh quy lut ca
n nh Marshall. Tuy nhin, hm lng nha ng vi gi tr khi lng th tch BTN cc i s ln
hn mt cht so vi hm lng nha ng vi gi tr n nh cc i.
2
Phng th nghim phi c b tr ngay st trm trn, c din tch nh nht l 15m , c cung cp
in, nc, v phi c h thng thng gi tt.
Phi c t nht 2 ca s, trong c 1 ca nhn thng ra trm trn, c th quan st trm trong ton b
thi gian m trm hot ng.
My m mu Marshall.
My ly tm xc nh hm lng nha.
B sng li thp mt vung vi cc c sng quy nh trong Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt
ng BTN .
Cc dng c khc: cn cc loi, t sy, nhit k; cc dng c ly mu, chia mu, xc mu, khay
ng mu, cho trn, chi lng,...
Cc thit b, dng c th nghim khc nu trong Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu BTN c quy nh
cc ch tiu th nghim b sung.
9.3 Yu cu v nhn lc
Phng th nghim phi c nhn lc v trnh tin hnh cc th nghim mt cch chnh xc, kp
thi phc v cho cng tc sn xut. Cc th nghim vin c phn cng lm th nghim lin quan n
thit k hn hp BTN phi c chng ch o to ph hp, c kin thc v vt liu xy dng ni chung v
v BTN ni ring.
25
Kim sot h thng ti liu, h thng Tiu chun lin quan n BTN;
iu chnh vic sn xut BTN ti trm trn khi pht hin nhng thay i bt k i vi BTN sn xut;
26
Ph lc A
(tham kho)
(B1)
Trong :
-
A, B, C,D,..l lng lt qua sng (%) ca 1 c sng bt k ca tng loi ct liu s dng phi
trn;
(B2)
A.1.3 Da vo cng thc B1 v B2, trn c s bit cp phi ca tng loi ct liu (lng lt sng qua
cc c sng bt k A, B, C, D...), tin hnh la chn t l phi trn ca tng loi ct liu (a, b, c,d,..) mt
cch hp l sao cho hn hp ct liu c chn c thnh phn ht nm trong min gii hn ng
bao cp phi hn hp ct liu quy nh ti Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu.
A.1.4 Da trn nguyn tc ny tnh ton phi trn. thun tin cho vic tnh ton phi trn, tin
hnh lp phn mm tnh ton hoc s dng phn mm Microsoft Excel.
A.2 Mt s v d thit k phi trn ct liu
A.2.1 Phi trn vi 2 loi ct liu
Cng thc p dng khi phi trn 2 loi ct liu l
P=
Aa + Bb
(B3)
V a + b = 1 (hay 100%) nn a = 1 b.
Thay a = 1 b vo cng thc B3 s c:
PA
(B4)
b=
BA
hoc
PB
a=
(B5)
AB
27
19
12,5
9,5
4,75
2,36
0,6
0,3
0,15
0,075
100
100
90
70
50
29
23
16
10
-Cn di
100
80
70
50
35
18
13
-Trung bnh
100
90
80
60
42,5
23,5
18
12
CL I
100
90
59
16
3,2
1,1
CL II
100
100
100
96
82
51
36
21
9,2
Chn hm lng lt sng 2,36 mm lm chun. im trung bnh ca lng lt sng yu cu ti c sng
2,36 mm l 42,5. Tnh gi tr a v b theo cng thc B4:
PA
b=
42,5 3,2
=
BA
= 0,50
82 3,2
a = 1 0,5 = 0,5
T s liu ti Bng B1, bit a v b, tnh lng lt sng ca 2 loi ct liu (Aa, Bb) v ca hn hp ct liu
(P=Aa+Bb) trn cc c sng. Kt qu c nu ti Bng B2.
Bng B2
C sng (mm)
T l
19
12,5
9,5
4,75
2,36
0,6
0,3
0,15
0,075
-Cn trn
100
100
90
70
50
29
23
16
10
-Cn di
100
80
70
50
35
18
13
-Trung bnh
100
90
80
60
42,5
23,5
18
12
CL I
0,5
50
45
29,5
1,6
0,6
CL II
0,5
50
50
50
48
41
25
18
10,5
4,6
Hn hp ct liu
=1
100
95
79,5
56
42,6
25,6
18
10,5
4,6
Qua Bng B.2, thy rng lng lt sng qua c sng 0,075 mm ca hn hp ct liu (4,6%) thp nn c
th nng t l ct liu II ln, c th l b = 0,55, v khi t l ct liu I l a = 0,45. Kt qu tnh t l lng
lt sng ca 2 loi ct liu v ca hn hp ct liu nh Bng B3.
28
T l
19
12,5
9,5
4,75
2,36
0,6
0,3
0,15
0,075
-Cn trn
100
100
90
70
50
29
23
16
10
-Cn di
100
80
70
50
35
18
13
-Trung bnh
100
90
80
60
42,5
23,5
18
12
CL I
0,45
45
40,5
26,6
7,2
1,4
0,5
CL II
0,55
55
55
55
52,8
45,1
28
19,8
11,5
5,1
Hn hp ct liu
=1
100
95,5
81,6
60
46,5
28,5
19,8
11,5
5,1
Bng B4
C sng (mm)
T l
19
12,5
9,5
4,75
2,36
0,6
0,3
0,15
0,075
-Cn trn
100
100
90
70
50
29
23
16
10
-Cn di
100
80
70
50
35
18
13
-Trung bnh
100
90
80
60
42,5
23,5
18
12
CL I
0,48
48
43,2
28,3
7,7
1,5
0,5
CL II
0,52
52
52
52
49,9
42,6
26,5
18,7
10,9
4,8
Hn hp ct liu
=1
100
95,2
80,3
57,6
44,1
27
18,7
10,9
4,8
(B5)
1=a+b+c+d+e
(B6)
Gi s c 5 loi ct liu, bit thnh phn ht (lng lt sng) ca tng loi ct liu ny:
-
29
Cn phi tnh t l phi trn 5 loi ct liu trn (a, b, c, d, e) to thnh hn hp ct liu tha mn yu
cu quy nh (trong v d ny, cp phi ct liu thit k phi tha mn yu cu quy nh ti TCVN
8819:2011, Bng 1, vi loi BTNC 19). Trong , a l t l ca dm D25; b l t l ca dm D10; c
l t l ca ct xay D5; d l t l ct thin nhin CTN v e l t l ca bt khong BK.
Cch lm nh sau:
1/ Nhp s liu vo bng tnh Micrsoft Excel (Bng B5):
-
Nhp gi tr lng lt sng tng ng vi cc c sng ca 5 loi ct liu: D25 (dng 6), D10 (dng 7),
D5 (dng 8), CTN (dng 9) v BK (dng 10).
Bng B5
A
T l
phi
trn
25
19
12.5
9.5
4.75
2.36
1.18
0.6
0.3
0.075
C sng
(mm)
Cn trn
100
100
86
78
61
45
33
25
17
Cn di
100
90
71
58
36
25
17
12
Trung bnh
100
95
78.5
68
48.5
35
25
18.5
12.5
6.5
D25
100
86.3
30.6
7.4
2.1
0.3
0.3
0.2
D10
100
100
100
90.9
46.2
15.2
0.9
0.7
0.2
D5
100
100
100
100
90.5
70.1
45.5
18.9
12.5
7.4
CTN
100
100
100
98.8
95
89.3
78.1
45.6
8.7
0.9
10
11
BK
100
100
Kt qu chy chng trnh ln 1
100
100
100
100
100
100
96.4
76.1
12
13
14
15
16
17
D25
D10
D5
CTN
BK
Hn hp
10.1
20.4
34.0
9.4
3.2
77.1
2.4
18.6
34.0
9.3
3.2
67.5
0.7
9.4
30.8
8.9
3.2
53.0
0.1
3.1
23.9
8.4
3.2
38.6
0.1
0.2
15.5
7.3
3.2
26.3
0.1
0.1
6.4
4.3
3.2
14.1
0.0
0.0
4.3
0.8
3.0
8.1
0.0
0.0
2.5
0.1
2.4
5.0
4
5
6
7
8
0.33
0.20
0.34
0.09
0.03
1.00
33.0
20.4
34.0
9.4
3.2
100.0
28.5
20.4
34.0
9.4
3.2
95.5
30
Gi tr ti B17 bng tng gi tr t B12 n B16 (vit theo ngn ng Excel l B17=
SUM(B12:B16)).
Trong Microsoft Excel, vo menu Tool Add in nh du ci t hm Solver. Sau khi ci t xong,
trong menu Tool s xut hin mc Solver.
Vo mc Solver trong menu Tool, s xut hin ca s Solver Parameter khai bo, thc hin cc
khai bo sau (Hnh B1):
Hnh B1
Dng lnh Set Target Cell: nhp vo a ch B17 (vit theo ngn ng Excel l $B$17).
Dng lnh Equal To: chn mc Value of v nhp gi tr 1 (gi tr ca phng trnh B6).
Dng lnh By Changing Cells: nhp cc a ch t B12 n B16 (vit theo ngn ng Excel l
$B$1:$B$16).
Dng lnh Subject to the constraints: chn mc Add, s hin th ca s Add Contraint nhp
vo cc rng buc ca bi ton (Hnh B2).
Hnh B2
31
5/ Chy chng trnh: sau khi nhp xong, chn nt Solve ca ca s Solver Parameter (Hnh B1).
Chng trnh s hin th kt qu phi trn, a ra t l phi trn t B12 n B16; a ra gi lng lt
sng ca hn hp ct liu t C17 n L17 (Bng B5-Kt qu chy chng trnh ln 1). Vic chy
chng trnh nhiu ln bng cch thay i gi tr t B12 n B16 s nhn c cc kt qu phi trn
khc. Mt s kt qu chy chng trnh c th hin Bng B6.
Bng B6
A
T l
phi
trn
25
19
12.5
9.5
4.75
2.36
1.18
0.6
0.3
0.075
C sng
(mm)
Cn trn
100
100
86
78
61
45
33
25
17
Cn di
100
90
71
58
36
25
17
12
Trung bnh
100
95
78.5
68
48.5
35
25
18.5
12.5
6.5
12.8
15.9
25.9
10.0
6.3
71.0
3.1
14.5
25.9
9.9
6.3
59.7
0.9
7.4
23.5
9.5
6.3
47.6
0.1
2.4
18.2
8.9
6.3
36.0
0.1
0.1
11.8
7.8
6.3
26.2
0.1
0.1
4.9
4.6
6.3
16.0
0.0
0.0
3.2
0.9
6.1
10.3
0.0
0.0
1.9
0.1
4.8
6.8
9.3
22.7
27.9
12.0
7.0
78.9
2.2
20.7
27.9
11.8
7.0
69.6
0.6
10.5
25.2
11.4
7.0
54.8
0.1
3.5
19.5
10.7
7.0
40.8
0.1
0.2
12.7
9.4
7.0
29.3
0.1
0.2
5.3
5.5
7.0
18.0
0.0
0.0
3.5
1.0
6.8
11.3
0.0
0.0
2.1
0.1
5.3
7.5
4
5
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
11
32
D25
D10
D5
CTN
BK
Hn hp
0.29
0.21
0.35
0.10
0.05
1.00
29.0
21.0
35.0
10.0
5.0
100.0
25.0
21.0
35.0
10.0
5.0
96.0
8.9
21.0
35.0
10.0
5.0
79.9
2.1
19.1
35.0
9.9
5.0
71.1
0.6
9.7
31.7
9.5
5.0
56.5
0.1
3.2
24.5
8.9
5.0
41.7
0.1
0.2
15.9
7.8
5.0
29.0
0.1
0.1
6.6
4.6
5.0
16.4
0.0
0.0
4.4
0.9
4.8
10.1
0.0
0.0
2.6
0.1
3.8
6.5
= 29%
Ct liu D10
= 21%
Ct liu D5
= 35%
Ct t nhin (CTN)
= 10%
Bt khong (BK)
= 5%
33
Ph lc B
(tham kho)
T trng
(Specific
Gravity)
(1)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
2. dm D25
G1
2,761
G1a
2,792
P1
29
3. dm D10
G2
2,710
G2a
2,800
P2
21
3. Ct xay D5
G3
2,652
G3a
2,698
P3
35
4. Ct CTN
G4
2,562
G4a
2,610
P4
10
5. Bt khong BK
G5
2,810
G5a
2,810
P5
100
1. Nha ng
(2)
T trng khi
(Bulk Specific
Gravity)
T l phi trn, %
(tng khi lng
hn hp ct liu)
Gb
1,031
B.1.4 Chn 5 hm lng nha (tnh theo % khi lng hn hp BTN) l: 4,5%; 5,0%; 5,5 %; 6,0% v
6,5%. Chun b Cc mu hn hp ct liu ring bit, mi mu 1200 g. Tnh 5 lng nha ng ng vi
5 hm lng nha chn cho vo cc mu hn hp ct liu c khi lng 1200 g theo Bng B2.
Bng B2 - Khi lng nha dng c mu Marshall (tnh theo 1200 g ct liu)
STT
Hm lng nha
(% khi lng hn hp BTN)
Lng nha, g
4,5
56,5
1256,5
5,0
63,2
1263,2
5,5
69,8
1269,8
6,0
76,6
1276,6
6,5
83,4
1283,4
B.1.5 Trn 5 t mu (mi t 3 mu) vi 5 lng nha chn. Tin hnh c mu Marshall vi s chy
75 x 2 (xem Mc 8.3 v 8.4). Th nghim xc nh t trng khi ca 5 t mu BTN ng vi 5 hm hm
34
4,5
6,5
2,354
2,378
2,392
2,395
2,389
2,354
2,378
2,392
2,395
2,389
2,488
3. T trng ln nht ca hn hp
BTN ri (Gmm)
29
2,761
22
21
+
2,710
30
35
+
2,652
18
10
+
2,562
5
5
2,810
100
Gsb =
37,13
= 2,693
29
2,792
22
21
+
2,800
30
35
+
2,698
18
10
+
2,610
5
5
2,810
100
Gsa =
36,47
= 2,742
35
100
5,5
100
5,5
2,488
1,031
100
Gse =
40,193
5,5
94,5
=
5,335
34,858
= 2,711
So snh gi tr Gse vi cc gi tr Gsb v Gsa ta thy: Gsb=2,693 < Gse=2,711 < Gsa=2,742, nn kt qu
th nghim v tnh ton c tin cy.
B.2.3 Tnh t trng ln nht ca hn hp ct liu ti cc hm lng nha khc nhau
S dng cng thc (3) (xem ti 8.5.5.2), coi t trng c hiu ca hn hp ct liu (Gse) ti tt c cc hm
lng nha l khng i (bi v lng nha hp ph ti cc hm lng nha khc nhau th gn tng t
nhau) tnh t trng ln nht ca hn hp BTN ti cc hm lng nha khc nhau.
Bit Gb=1,031 (Bng B1), Gse =2,711 (c coi l khng i), tnh c t trng ln nht ca hn hp
BTN ti cc hm lng nha khc nhau.
V d, t trng ln nht ca hn hp BTN vi hm lng nha l 5,0% (Pb=5,0; Ps=95) l:
100
Gmm =
95,0
5,0
+
2,711
1,031
100
Gmm =
35,042
100
4,850
34,858
2,507
2,6693x2,711
x1,031
0,018
Pba = 100
7,301
x1,031 = 0,254
Hm lng nha hp ph, Pba=0,254, c coi l khng i s dng tnh cc thng s sau.
100
x94,5
= 5,260
2,693
100x
2,488
= 3,859
16,06
= 75,97
37
Mu: _______________________________
Ngy: ________________
Biu kin
1. Ct liu th D25
G1
2,761
G1a
2,792
2. Ct liu th D10
G2
2,710
G2a
2,800
3. Ct liu mn D5
G3
2,652
G3a
2,698
4. Ct
G4
2,562
G4a
2,610
5. Bt khong
G5
2,810
G5a
2,810
6. Tng ct liu
Gsb
2,693
Gsa
2,742
7. Nha ng
Gb
1.031
Ps
95,5
95,0
94,5
94,0
93,5
Pb
4,5
5,0
5,5
6,0
6,5
2,693
2,526
2,507
2,488
2,470
2,451
2,354
2,378
2,392
2,395
2,389
2,711
0,254
Tnh ton:
Dng 12 x Ps
13. HLN c hiu, Pbe
Dng 7
4,257
4,759
5,260
5,761
6,263
16,52
16,11
16,06
16,40
17,05
6,809
5,146
3,859
3,036
2,530
58,79
68,06
75,97
81,49
85,17
100
Dng 10 x Ps
14. R ct liu, VMA
100
Dng 8
15. rng d, Va
x
Dng 9
16. R lp y, VFA
100
38
T trng ca nha:
1,031
2,682
S chy m/mt: 75
2,711
K hiu mu-Hm
lng nha (%
hn hp BTN)
Khi
lng
mu BTN
cn trong
khng
kh, g
Khi
lng
mu BTN
cn trong
nc,g
Khi
lng
mu BTN
khi lau
kh, g
Th tch
mu
BTN,
3
cm
A-4,5
1255,1
724,1
1257,3
533,2
B-4,5
1253,2
720,0
1254,2
534,2
C-4,5
1255,0
725,6
1256,7
A-5,0
1260,3
731,2
B-5,0
1259,8
C-5,0
1262,0
T trng
khi
BTN
T
trng
ln
nht
BTN
rng
d
rng
ct liu
rng
lp y
Va
VMA
VFA
n
nh
Chiu dy mu, mm
H s
hiu
chnh
n
nh sau
hiu
chnh
do
KN
mm
TB
KN
2,354
63,7
63,6
63,6
63,6
11,38
0,96
10,92
2,5
2,346
64,2
64,2
64,4
64,3
11,47
0,96
11,01
2,4
531,1
2,363
63,8
63,7
63,8
63,8
11,35
0,96
10,90
2,5
10,94
2,5
1262,1
530,9
2,374
63,8
64,0
63,8
63,9
11,98
0,96
11,50
2,5
730,8
1261,5
530,7
2,374
64,0
63,4
63,8
63,7
11,85
0,96
11,38
2,3
734,3
1263,4
529,1
63,5
63,9
63,7
63,7
12,52
0,96
Trung bnh
2,354
Trung bnh
2,526
6,809
16,52
58,79
2,385
2,378
2,507
5,146
16,11
68,06
12,02
2,6
11,63
2,5
A-5,5
1267,1
738,4
1269,2
530,8
2,387
64,0
63,5
64,2
63,9
12,58
0,96
12,08
2,5
B-5,5
1265,3
739,3
1266,9
527,6
2,398
63,6
63,3
63,9
63,6
12,20
0,96
11,71
2,5
C-5,5
1261,4
735,3
1263,1
527,8
2,390
64,0
63,4
63,7
63,7
12,68
0,96
12,17
2,7
11,99
2,6
Trung bnh
2,392
2,488
3,859
16,06
75,97
A-6,0
1273,3
744,3
1275,1
530,8
2,399
63,6
64,0
63,8
63,8
11,23
0,96
10,78
2,5
B-6,0
1271,8
741,8
1273,0
531,2
2,394
63,5
63,7
63,8
63,7
12,05
0,96
11,57
2,4
C-6,0
1270,5
740,8
1271,9
531,1
2,392
64,0
63,5
64,0
63,8
11,21
0,96
10,76
2,5
11,04
2,5
A-6,5
1281,2
746,6
1283,1
536,5
2,388
63,7
64,2
63,5
63,8
10,25
0,93
9,53
3,0
B-6,5
1280,6
746,2
1281,3
535,1
2,393
63,9
64,1
64,3
64,1
11,08
0,96
10,64
2,6
C-6,5
1282,2
746,5
1284,1
537,6
63,5
64,0
64,5
64,0
10,10
0,93
Trung bnh
Trung bnh
2,395
2,470
3,036
16,40
81,49
2,385
2,389
2,451
2,530
17.05
85,17
9,39
3,2
9,85
2,9
39
40
TCVN
TCVN 8857:2011
Xut bn ln 1
LP KT CU O NG T BNG CP PHI
THIN NHIN VT LIU, THI CNG V NGHIM THU
Natural Aggregate for Road Pavement Layers
Specification for Material, Construction and Acceptance
H NI 2011
TCVN 8857:2011
Mc lc
1 Phm vi p dng ................................................................................................................
10
TCVN 8857:2011
Li ni u
TCVN 8857:2011
1 Phm vi p dng
1.1 Tiu chun ny quy nh nhng yu cu k thut v vt liu, cng ngh thi cng, kim tra, gim
st v nghim thu cc lp kt cu o ng bng vt liu cp phi thin nhin.
1.2 Tiu chun ny quy nh k thut vi 4 loi vt liu cp phi thin nhin (k hiu l A, B, C v D) s
dng lm mng di mt ng loi A1, A2; mng trn cho mt ng loi A2; lm cc lp mng
v mt ng cho mt ng loi B1, B2 v lp gia c l ca cc lp kt cu o ng theo quy nh
ti 22 TCN 21106 .Cn c vo quy nh k thut vi tng loi vt liu cp phi thin nhin (Bng 1 v
Bng 2), v phm vi s dng m la chn loi vt liu cp phi thin nhin ph hp, tn dng c
ngun vt liu a phng sn c.
2 Ti liu vin dn
Cc ti liu vin dn sau l cn thit p dng cc tiu chun ny. i vi cc ti liu vin dn ghi
nm cng b th p dng bn c nu. i vi cc ti liu vin dn c ghi nm cng b th p
dng phin bn mi nht bao gm c cc sa i b sung (nu c)
TCVN 75722:2006, Ct liu b tng v va Phng php th Phn 2: Xc nh thnh phn ht.
TCVN 757212:2006, Ct liu b tng v va Phng php thPhn 12: Xc nh hao mn khi
va p ca ct liu ln trong my Los Angeles.
TCVN 41971995, t xy dng Phng php xc nh gii hn chy v gii hn do trong phng
th nghim.
TCVN 8864:2011, Mt ng t Xc nh bng phng bng thc di 3,0 mt.
22 TCN 21106*), o ng mm Cc yu cy v ch dn thit k
22 TCN 33306*), Quy trnh m nn t, dm trong phng th nghim.
22 TCN 33206*), Quy trnh th nghim Xc nh ch s CBR ca t, dm trong phng th nghim.
22 TCN 34606*), Quy trnh th nghim Xc nh cht ca nn, mng ng bng phu rt ct.
*)
TCVN 8857:2011
Loi cp
phi
50,0 mm
25,0 mm
9,5 mm
4,75 mm
O
2,0 mm
O
0,425mm
O
0,075mm
(2)
(1)
(3/8)
(N 4)
(N 10)
(N 40)
(NO200)
100
3065
2555
1540
820
28
100
7595
4075
3060
2045
1530
520
100
5085
3565
2550
1530
515
100
60100
5085
4070
2545
520
3.4 Cc ch tiu k thut ca vt liu: cc ch tiu k thut ca vt liu cp phi thin nhin c quy
nh ti Bng 2.
TCVN 8857:2011
Bng 2. Cc ch tiu k thut yu cu vi vt liu cp phi thin nhin
Mc
Tn ch tiu
Phng php
th
Mng
di
loi A1
Mng
trn
loi A2
Mng
di
loi A2
Mng
loi B1,
B2
Mt loi
B1, B2,
gia c l
1. Loi cp phi s
dng
A, B, C
A, B, C
A,B,C,D
A,B,C,D
A,B,C,D
35
25
35
35
35
TCVN 4197
1995
3. Ch s do PI , %(*)
12
T 9 n
12
TCVN 4197
1995
4. CBR, %(**)
30
80
30
30
30
TCN 33206
5. hao mn Los
Angeles, LA, %
35
35
50
50
50
TCVN 757212:
2006
6. T l lt qua sng
No 200/No40
0,67
0,67
0,67
Khng
yu cu
0,67
TCVN 75722:
2006
( )
* Xc nh gii hn chy theo phng php Casagrande. S dng phn ht nh lt qua sng li mt vung kch c
** CBR c xc nh vi cht m nn bng 98% cht m nn ci tin theo phng php D, ngm mu 96
TCVN 8857:2011
4 Yu cu thi cng
4.1 Cng tc chun b
4.1.1 Cc lp pha di (lp y o ng hay mng o ng) phi hon thnh v c nghim
thu m bo cht, kch thc hnh hc, cao theo yu cu ca thit k trc khi thi cng lp
cp phi thin nhin.
4.1.2 Vt liu cp phi thin nhin phi tp kt thnh ng bi cha vt liu, tin hnh th nghim
kim tra cc ch tiu k thut nu trong iu 3, nu t cc yu cu k thut th mi c php vn
chuyn n mt ng.
4.1.3 Cn th nghim m nn xc nh gi tr m tt nht v khi lng th tch kh ln nht
phc v cho cng tc lu ln.
4.1.4 Thi cng on ri th: Trc khi thi cng i tr phi tin hnh ri th trn on ng c
di 50m rng ti thiu 2,75m (chiu rng mt na mt ng hoc mt ln xe). Cn tnh ton ri
lp mng ng chiu dy thit k vi h s ln p K (h s ny thng thng K=1,251,35 v c
xc nh chnh xc sau khi ri th). Xc nh s ln lu ln thch hp vi tng loi thit b lu v quan h
gia m, s ln lu, cht sau khi ri th.
4.2 Vn chuyn cp phi
4.2.1 Xe t vn chuyn phi l xe t hnh, c thng xe t . Dng t vn chuyn cp phi t bi
tp kt ra hin trng, khi xc ln xe t nn dng my xc bng gu, nu dng th cng th dng st
chuyn ln xe, khng dng xng ht ln xe. Khi cp phi t xe xung ng th phi thnh
ng, khong cch gia cc ng phi tnh ton sao cho cng san t nht hn ch s phn tng
ca cp phi. Chiu cao cp phi t xe vn chuyn xung khng ln hn 1m.
4.2.2 Cp phi khi xc v vn chuyn phi c m thch hp sau khi san v lu ln cp phi c
m nm trong phm vi gi tr m ln cn gi tr m tt nht, vi sai s cho php 1%.
4.3 San cp phi
4.3.1 Cp phi khi san ri thnh lp cn m bo m; nu kh th phi ti thm nc m
bo khi lu ln cp phi trng thi m tt nht. Cng vic ti nc c thc hin nh sau:
- Dng bnh hoa sen ti nhm trnh cc ht nh tri i.
- Dng xe tc vi vi phun cm tay chch ln tri to ma.
- Ti trong khi san ri cp phi nc thm u.
4.3.2 Tu thuc vo phng tin hin c san ri cp phi bng my san hoc my ri ng vi
chiu dy mi lp ( lu ln cht) nhng khng c qu 20cm. Thao tc v tc san ri sao cho
to b mt bng phng, khng gn sng, khng phn tng v hn ch s ln qua li khng cn thit
TCVN 8857:2011
ca my. Qu trnh san cn m bo dc dc v d dc ngang thit k, m bo thot nc tt khi
gp tri ma.
4.3.3 Trong qu trnh san ri cp phi nu thy c hin tng phn tng, gn sng hoc nhng du
hiu khng thch hp th phi tm bin php khc phc ngay. Ti khu vc c hin tng phn tng,
phi trn li hoc thay bng cp phi khc nhm bo m cht lng.
4.3.4 Trc khi ri cp phi lp sau, mt ca lp di phi m m bo lin kt gia cc lp
cng nh trnh h hng ca cc lp mt. V vy nn tin hnh thi cng ngay lp sau khi lp trc
thi cng m bo yu cu k thut v c nghim thu theo quy nh ca thit k. Bin php m bo
cht yu cu mp mt ng do Nh thu xut v c Ch u t chp thun.
4.4 Lu ln
4.4.1 Ngay sau khi san ri cp phi, tin hnh kim tra m. Ch tin hnh lu ln vi m cp phi
l m tt nht vi sai s cho php trong khong 1%.
4.4.2 Trnh t lu ln (loi lu, s lu, s ln lu/im) c tin hnh trn c s kt qu ca on ri
th. Phi sa cha ngay nhng ch khng bng phng, gn sng trong qu trnh lu.
4.4.3 Khi ang thi cng gp tri ma th phi ngng san, ri v lu ln cp phi, i tnh ma nc
bc hi n khi m t m tt nht mi c thi cng tip.
4.4.4 Phi m bo cht lu ln K 0,98 theo th nghim m nn ci tin 22 TCN 33306, phng
php D. Vi cc mt ng cp thp B1, B2, cht lu ln phi m bo K 0,95.
4.5 Bo dng
4.5.1 i vi lp mt loi B1, B2 bng cp phi thin nhin th sau khi thi cng xong trong vng t 7
n 14 ngy cn phi thc hin cc bc sau y:
- iu chnh cho xe chy phn b u trn b rng phn xe chy;
- Qut ct sn lp bo v vng ra ngoi tr li phn xe chy;
- Nu nng kh phi ti m u trn phn xe chy mi ngy mt ln.
4.5.2 i vi lp mng bng cp phi thin nhin:
- Nu phi bo m thng xe trn mng th vic bo dng cng phi c thc hin theo quy nh
ti 4.5.1 (trong trng hp ny cng nn ri ct sn bo v b mt, nu thi gian ch i thi cng lp
trn di hng thng m vn phi m bo giao thng vi lu lng 50 xe/ngy m);
- Nu lp trn c thi cng ngay trong vng mt tun th khng cn lm lp bo v, vic bo dng
lc ny c thc hin bng cch iu chnh xe v ti m nh trn.
TCVN 8857:2011
5 Kim tra nghim thu
5.1 Ni dung kim tra
5.1.1 Kch thc hnh hc
a Sai s chiu rng: 10 cm, ring i vi lp mng khng c sai s m v chiu rng.
b Sai s chiu dy : i vi lp b mt v lp mng trn 0,5 cm.
i vi lp mng di 2 cm n +1,0 cm
c Sai s v dc ngang mt ng v l ng : 5 (nm phn nghn)
5.1.2 bng phng thc 3m: theo quy nh ti TCVN 8864:2011
5.1.3 H s m ln: kim tra theo 22TCN 34606 vi cht yu cu quy nh ti 4.4.4.
5.1.4 Thnh phn cp phi: ly mu sng kim tra t l phn trm ca cc ht phi nm trong phm vi
ng bao cp phi quy nh ti Bng 1.
5.1.5 Cc ch tiu k thut khc: Cc s liu th nghim khc phi t tr s th nghim yu cu nu ti
Bng 2.
5.2 Khi lng kim tra
5.2.1 i vi cp phi vn chuyn n bi cha vt liu:
C 200 m3 phi th nghim kim tra tt c cc ch tiu quy nh nu ti Bng 1 v Bng 2. Trng hp
khi lng thi cng yu cu nh hn 200m3 cng phi th nghim tt c cc ch tiu quy nh nu trn.
5.2.2 Trong qu trnh thi cng (ti hin trng):
a Kim tra kch thc hnh hc (chiu rng , chiu dy, dc ngang): mi Km ng kim tra ti
thiu 5 mt ct ; trn mi mt ct kim tra b dy 2 v tr;
b Kim tra thnh phn ht cp phi c 200m3 /1 mu, hoc mt ca thi cng kim tra 1 mu;
c Xc nh dung trng thc t hin trng v cht K bng phu rt ct: c 100m di thi cng mt
ng phi kim tra mt v tr trn mi ln xe.
5.2.3 Nghim thu sau thi cng:
a Kim tra kch thc hnh hc (chiu rng, chiu dy, dc ngang mt v l ng): 3 mt
ct/1km ; Mi mt ct o b dy 2 v tr, ti tim ng v cch l ng 50 cm;
b Th nghim tt c cc ch tiu quy nh nu ti mc 5, i vi mt ng rng 7m th th nghim 3
mu/1km (cc loi mt ng c chiu rng ln hn th ni suy mt kim tra);
c Xc nh dung trng kh thc t hin trung v cht K bng phu rt ct, i vi mt ng
rng 7m th 3 mu /1km (cc loi mt ng c chiu rng ln hn th ni suy)
6 An ton lao ng v bo v mi trng
10
TCVN 8857:2011
6.1 Ti v tr m vt liu khai thc cp phi thin nhin cn phi c hon tr thm thc vt ph
hp v c bin php khng gy nh hng ti mi trng xung quanh. Cc v tr khai thc o su
cn phi c cc bin php cnh bo v an ton cho ngui v phng tin.
6.2 t t vn chuyn cp phi t bi tp kt ra hin trng cn phi c bt che khng gy ra
vng vi vt liu v khng gy bt c nh hng no cho ngi v phng tin tham gia giao thng
trn ng vn chuyn,
6.3 Ti hin trng thi cng cn tun th cc iu kin quy nh sau :
6.3.1 Trc v trong khi thi cng phi t bin bo hiu Cng trng u v cui on ng thi
cng, b tr ngi v bng hng dn ng giao thng trong cng trng v cho cc phng tin
giao thng trn ng trong iu kin thi cng cc cng trnh ang khai thc. Quy nh s kim
sot hot ng cung cp vt liu, san v lu ln ca cc thit b thi cng trnh mt an ton giao
thng. Thi cng ban m phi c h thng chiu sng ph hp.
6.3.2 Thit b lu cn phi c la chn gim ti thiu cc nh hng trc tip v ting n ti sinh
hot cng ng, c bit l thi cng trong khu vc dn c.
6.3.3 Cc cng nhn iu khin thit b thi cng v cng nhn lao ng th cng cn c hng
dn cc quy tc an ton lao ng trc khi thi cng.
6.3.4 Cc my mc v thit b thi cng cn c kim tra, duy tr hot ng tt trc v trong sut
qu trnh thi cng.
11
Vin Tiu chun Cht lng Vit Nam chu trch nhim xut bn,
E-mail: info@vsqi.org.vn *
Website: www.vsqi.org.vn
TCVN
H NI 2011
Mc lc
Trang
1 Phm vi p dng ...5
2 Ti liu vin dn....5
3 Thut ng, nh ngha..6
4 Yu cu i vi vt liu6
5 Cng tc chun b thi cng....10
6 Cng ngh thi cng lp cp phi dm gia c xi mng khi s dng trm trn......12
7 Cng ngh thi cng lp cp phi thin nhin gia c xi mng theo phng php trn ti
ng.14
8 Yu cu i vi vic kim tra nghim thu..15
9 Quy nh v an ton lao ng v bo v mi trng..17
Li ni u
Phm vi p dng
1.1 Tiu chun ny p dng cho vic thi cng v nghim thu lp mng trn hoc lp mng di bng
vt liu cp phi dm hoc cp phi thin nhin gia c xi mng trong kt cu o ng t v trong
mt ng sn bay.
1.2 Khi dng lp cp phi gia c xi mng lm lp mng trn th b dy ti thiu tng mt b tng
nha t trc tip ln n phi tun th cc quy nh ti 2.2.9 trong 22TCN-211-06).
1.3 Tiu chun ny cng c p dng cho thi cng v nghim thu lp mt bng cp phi gia c xi
mng, tng ng vi loi kt cu mt ng cp cao A2 trong 22TCN-211-06) vi iu kin trn lp
ny t nht phi c lng nha theo TCVN 8863:2011.
1.4 Cho php s dng cht ph gia lm chm ninh kt to thun li cho vic thi cng cp phi gia
c xi mng nhng vic la chn cht ph gia c th phi thng qua th nghim, lm th v phi c
cp xt duyt thit k chp thun.
Ti liu vin dn
Cc ti liu vin dn sau l rt cn thit cho vic p dng tiu chun ny. i vi cc ti liu vin
Yu cu i vi vt liu
Dmax= 37,5
Dmax= 31,5
50,0
100
37,5
95-100
100
31,5
95-100
25,0
79-90
19,0
58-78
67-83
9,5
39-59
49-64
4,75
24-39
34-54
2,36
15-30
25-40
0,425
7-19
12-24
0,075
2-12
2-12
C hai cp phi Bng 1 u c th s dng gia c vi xi mng lm lp mng trn hoc mng
di cho mi loi kt cu o ng cng hoc mm. Trng hp dng lm lp mng trn cho kt cu mt
ng cp cao A1 v lm lp mt quy nh ti 1.3 hoc lm lp mng trn ca mt ng cao tc v
ng cp I, II th ch nn dng CPD loi I c ht Dmax= 31,5 mm.
4.1.2 Trng hp s dng CPTN gia c xi mng th thnh phn ht ca CPTN nn tun th nh vi loi
A, B v C TCVN 8857:2011, xem Bng 2.
Bng 2 - Yu cu v thnh phn ht ca cp phi thin nhin gia c xi mng
T l % lt qua sng
Cp phi loi
A
Cp phi loi
B
Cp phi loi
C
37,5
100
100
25,0
75-95
100
9,5
30-65
40-75
50-85
4,75
25-55
30-60
35-65
2,0
15-40
20-45
25-50
0,425
8-20
15-30
15-30
0,075
2-8
5-15
5-15
Chu nn (sau 14
Chu p ch (sau
ngy tui)
14 ngy tui)
4,0
0,45
3,0
0,35
1,5
Khng yu cu
4.7.2
mng 2 gi m tt nht vi khi lng th tch kh ln nht (ci proctor ci tin) quy nh ti
22TCN 333-06). Mu c bo dng m 7 ngy v 7 ngy ngm nc ri em nn vi tc gia ti khi
nn l (61) KPa/s. Kt qu nn mu phi nhn vi h s 0,96 ( quy i v cng nn mu lp
phng 150x150x150 cm). Cng chu nn tng ng vi mt t l xi mng l tr s trung bnh ca ti
thiu 3 mu th nghim.
Cng c th ch b v nn mu lp phng 150x150x150 cm vi cc iu kin ni trn (trng hp
ny kt qu nn mu c nhn vi h s 1,0). Cng chu nn tng ng vi mt t l xi mng l tr
s trung bnh ca ti thiu 3 mu th nghim.
Mu p ch cng c ch to sau khi trn cp phi vi xi mng c 2 gi vi m, cht
ging nh mu nn v bo dng nh mu nn, sau c th nghim xc nh cng chu p ch
quy nh ti TCVN 8862: 2011. Cng chu p ch tng ng vi mt t l xi mng l tr s trung bnh
ca ti thiu 3 mu th nghim.
Cc mu khoan ly hin trng phi c ng knh d ti thiu bng 3 ln c ht ln nht ca hn
hp cp phi gia c xi mng. Dng khoan b tng c ng knh trong mi khoan l 10 cm i vi CPD
c Dmax = 31,5; CPTN loi C hoc ng knh trong mi khoan 15 cm i vi CPD c Dmax = 37,5;
CPTN loi A v B. Khi p kim tra cng chu nn th tu theo t s h/d khc nhau ca mu, kt qu
nn c nhn vi h s hiu chnh Bng 4.
H s hiu chnh
T s h/d ca mu
H s hiu chnh
cng nn mu
khoan
cng nn mu
khoan
khoan
1,0
1,07
1,0
1,08
1,2
1,09
1,1
1,09
1,4
1,12
1,2
1,10
1,6
1,15
1,3
1,11
1,8
1,18
5.1 Trc khi thi cng phi tin hnh mi th nghim kim tra cht lng vt liu theo cc yu cu quy
nh ti Mc 4, phi tin hnh th nghim m nn tiu chun (ci proctor ci tin) quy nh ti 22TCN 33306) ng vi hn hp cp phi xi mng c thit k (vi t l xi mng thit k) xc nh chnh xc
m tt nht W op v khi lng th tch kh ln nht kmax, ng thi phi cn c vo kt qu th nghim
m nn ny tin hnh c mu kim tra cc ch tiu cng nu Bng 3. Cc kt qu u phi
c pha t vn gim st xc nhn v chp thun trn c s cc quy nh ti Mc 3 ca Tiu chun ny.
Nu kt qu th nghim khng t yu cu Bng 3 th cn phi trao i vi t vn thit k v t vn gim
st thay i t l xi mng ri lp li cc th nghim ni trn.
5.2 Chun b thi cng lp CPD gia c xi mng
5.2.1 Vic ch to hn hp CPD gia c xi mng phi c tin hnh trm trn, khng cho php trn
trn ng. Trm trn phi c cc iu kin sau:
Thit b cn ong phi m bo chnh xc, c bit l b phn cn ong lng xi mng v lng
nc; sai s cn ong cho php i vi ct liu l 2%, vi xi mng l 0.5% v vi nc l 1% theo
khi lng.
Thit b trn hn hp cp phi gia c xi mng phi l thit b cng bc;
Nng sut v v tr ca trm trn phi tng ng vi on dy chuyn thi cng sao cho m bo
c thi gian trn, chuyn ch, ri v m nn kt thc trc thi gian bt u ninh kt ca hn hp gia
c xi mng i vi xi mng quy nh ti 4.5 (thng thng l 100 pht) v i vi xi mng c s dng ph
gia lm chm ninh kt th phi theo quy nh ti 1.4.
10
Cng ngh thi cng lp cp phi dm gia c xi mng khi s dng trm trn
12
13
Cng ngh thi cng lp cp phi thin nhin gia c xi mng theo phng php trn
ti ng
7.1 Trn hn hp CPTN v xi mng ti ng
7.1.1 Ri cp phi sau khi lng ng hoc mng di c chun b t c cc yu cu ni
im 4.6, CPTN do t ch ti phi c thnh ng vi c ly tnh ton trc tip my san c
th san gt d dng thnh mt lp dy trong phm vi thi cng ( dy c ngha l vi lp sau khi trn
vi xi mng v lu ln cht s c mt lp cp phi gia c xi mng c b dy va bng b dy thit k); c
th l b dy ri cp phi Hri trn vi xi mng theo phng php trn ti ng c xc nh theo
biu thc sau:
Hri =
CPxi
CP
100 p
Htk
100
Trong :
CPxi l khi lng th tch kh ca cp phi gia c xi mng yu cu sau khi lu ln cht (yu cu
nh ni im 5.2.4), g/cm3;
yu cu ca cp phi gia c sau khi lu ln cht CPxi vi tr s khi lng th tch kh ca hn hp sau
khi trn xong. H s ny thng bng 1,30 - 1,35 v thng qua thc hin ri th xc nh chnh xc.
7.2.2
cc ch ni tip gia cc vt thi cng theo c chiu dc v chiu ngang, trc khi thi cng tip
C 500 tn kim tra thnh phn ht mt ln, thnh phn ht phi nm trng phm vi quy nh ti
bng 1 hoc bng 2. i vi hn hp gm nhiu c ht ring r th phi ly mu kim tra trong my trn
trc khi cho xi mng vo theo quy nh ti 4.1. Kim tra sch ca ct liu mt ln thng qua ch s do
v t l tp cht hu c theo quy nh iu 4.3;
15
8. 2 Kim tra cht lng xi mng: Phi tun theo ng cc quy nh ti 4.5, k c cc quy nh v vn
chuyn v bo qun xi mng.
8. 3 Kim tra cht lng ca nc: Nh nc dng cho b tng quy nh ti 4.6 ca Tiu chun ny.
8. 4 Mi ca sn xut u phi kim tra m ca hn hp ct liu bng phng php rang cho hoc
thng sy kp iu chnh lng nc trn hn hp.
Ti hin trng, c mi ca thi cng phi ly mu trn hn hp trn v ch ra hin trng (ly
trn my ri hoc ly ng do xe ben xung ng hoc ly lp cp phi trn ti ng) th
nghim kim tra m ca hn hp trc khi lu ln.
8. 5 Kim tra cht sau khi lu ln
8.5.1
C mi on thi cng ca mt vt ri phi kim tra mt ln ngay sau khi lu ln xong lp hn hp gia
c xi mng bng phng php rt ct. Kt qu khi lng th tch kh ly trung bnh ca 3 mu th khng
c nh hn tr s kmax xc nh theo th nghim m nn tiu chun quy nh ti 5.1.
8.5.2
16
9.1 Tt c cc khu trong thi cng lp mng CPD hoc CPTN gia c xi mng trong kt cu o ng
t phi tun th y cc quy nh v bo v mi trng hin hnh. Trong h s bn v thi cng ca Nh
thu phi c cc bin php hu hiu bo m vic thi cng lp mng c s dng xi mng khng gy
nh hng ti cc cng trnh ph cn v nh hng n ngi lao ng v nhng ngi tham gia giao
thng trong iu kin phi bo m giao thng.
9.2 Phi bo m rng tt c nhng ngi thi cng trn cng trng hc xong lp An ton lao ng
v c chng ch v an ton lao ng. Phi c cc bin php hu hiu bo m an ton lao ng cho
my mc, thit b thi cng; ngi lao ng v nhng ngi v phng tin tham gia giao thng trong sut
qu trnh thi cng lp mng gia c xi mng. Phi trang b y cc trang thit b bo h lao ng nh
m, gng tay, khu trang, ng cho cng nhn thi cng lp dm gia c xi mng.
Trong h s bn v thi cng phi ra cc bin php hu hiu gim thiu cc tc ng nh
hng n sc khe ca ngi lao ng v an ton lao ng nh: ti nc trnh bi trong khu vc thi
cng, khuyn khch c gii ha cao trong sut qu trnh thi cng; nu ri xi mng ra ng bng tay phi
sao cho khng c r, r bao, khng c nhc ming bao qu cao trn b mt lp cp phi; trnh
tay chn tip xc trc tip vi hn hp xi mng.
__________________________
17
TCVN
LP MNG CP PHI DM
TRONG KT CU O NG TVT LIU, THI CNG V NGHIM THU
Graded Aggregate Bases and Subbases Pavement Specification for Construction and Acceptance
H NI 2011
Mc lc
Li ni u
1 Phm vi p dng
1.1 Tiu chun ny quy nh nhng yu cu k thut v vt liu, cng ngh thi cng v
nghim thu lp mng cp phi dm (CPD) trong kt cu o ng ng t.
1.2 Tiu chun ny khng p dng cho cc lp mng bng vt liu cp phi t nhin nh:
cp phi si ong, si , cp phi si i, cp phi si (cui) sui v cc loi cp phi c ct liu bng
x l cao....
2 Ti liu vin dn
Cc ti liu sau y l cn thit p dng tiu chun ny. i vi cc ti liu vin dn ghi nm
cng b th p dng bn c nu. i vi cc ti liu vin dn khng ghi nm cng b th p dng bn
mi nht, bao gm c cc sa i, b sung (nu c) :
TCVN 7572-1 n 20 : 2006 Ct liu cho b-tng v va - Phng php th.
TCVN 4197:95 t xy dng - Phng php xc nh gii hn do v gii hn chy trong phng th
nghim.
TCVN 7572-12: 2006 Ct liu b tng v va-Phng php th-Phn 12: Xc nh hao mn khi
va p ca ct liu ln trong my Los Angeles.
TCVN 7572-10: 2006 Ct liu b tng v va-Phng php th-Phn 10: Xc nh cng v h s
ha mm ca gc.
22 TCN 332-06*) Quy trnh th nghim xc nh ch s CBR ca t, dm trong phng th nghim.
22 TCN 346-06
*)
*)
4 Phn loi
Cp phi dm dng lm mng ng c chia lm hai loi:
4.1 Loi I: l cp phi ht m tt c cc c ht c nghin t nguyn khai.
4.2
Loi II: l cp phi ht c nghin t nguyn khai hoc si cui, trong c ht nh hn 2,36
Kch c mt
sng vung,
6.2.2
mm
CPD c
c ht danh nh Dmax
= 37,5 mm
CPD c
c ht danh nh Dmax
= 25 mm
CPD c
c ht danh nh Dmax
= 19 mm
50
100
37,5
95 100
100
25
79 90
100
19
58 78
67 83
90 100
9,5
39 59
49 64
58 73
4,75
24 39
34 54
39 59
2,36
15 30
25 40
30 45
0,425
7 19
12 24
13 27
0,075
2 12
2 12
2 12
Vic la chn loi CPD (theo c ht danh nh c ng knh ln nht Dmax quy c) phi
Cp phi dm
Phng php th
Loi I
Loi II
35
40
100
22TCN 332 06
25
35
TCVN 4197:1995
TCVN 4197:1995
45
60
18
20
7. cht m nn (Kyc), %
98
98
22 TCN 333 06
(phng php II-D)
1. hao mn Los-Angeles ca
ct liu (LA), %
4. Ch s do (IP) 1), %
5. Tch s do PP 2)
1)
Gii hn chy, gii hn do c xc nh bng th nghim vi thnh phn ht lt qua sng 0,425 mm.
2)
3)
Ht thoi dt l ht c chiu dy hoc chiu ngang nh hn hoc bng 1/3 chiu di; Th nghim c thc hin vi
6.4 Ly mu
6.4.1
Vic ly mu cp phi dm thnh phm ti bi cha hoc ti hin trng phc v cho
cng tc kim tra thnh phn cp phi ht sau khi ch to, cn thc hin nh sau:
Khi lng ly mu CPD kim tra cht lng vt liu c quy nh ti Bng 3;
200
150
100
6.4.2 Vic ly mu phi khch quan. Mu c bo qun trong thng g, x nha hoc
bao ti, c dn nhn hiu ly mu.
6.4.3 Trc khi th nghim phn tch thnh phn ht, yu cu phi mu t thng hoc t
ti ra, trn u t 2 min n 3 min, sau mi ly mu chnh thc lm th nghim.
Trnh t nh sau :
6.4.4
7 Yu cu thi cng
7.1 Chun b thi cng
7.1.1 Chun b vt liu CPD
a) Phi tin hnh la chn cc ngun cung cp vt liu CPD cho cng trnh. Cng tc ny
bao gm vic kho st, kim tra, nh gi v kh nng p ng cc ch tiu k thut, kh nng cung
cp vt liu theo tin cng trnh;
b) Vt liu CPD t ngun cung cp phi c tp kt v bi cha ti chn cng trnh
tin hnh cc cng tc kim tra, nh gi cht lng vt liu
Trong mi cng on vn chuyn, tp kt, phi c cc bin php nhm trnh s phn tng ca vt
liu CPD (phun ti m trc khi bc xc, vn chuyn).
CPD c vn chuyn n v tr thi cng nn tin hnh thi cng ngay nhm trnh
ri
. K yc
= -----------------------k max
[1]
kr
Trong :
k max
kr
l khi lng th tch kh ca vt liu CPD trng thi ri (cha m nn), g/cm3;
K yc l cht yu cu ca lp CPD, %
e) m bo cht lu ln trn ton b b rng mng, khi khng c khun ng hoc va, phi
ri vt liu CPD rng thm mi bn ti thiu l 25 cm so vi b rng thit k ca mng. Ti cc v tr
tip gip vi vt ri trc, phi tin hnh loi b cc vt liu CPD ri rc ti cc mp ca vt ri
trc khi ri vt tip theo.
f) Trng hp s dng my san ri vt liu CPD, phi b tr cng nhn li my lnh ngh v
nhn cng ph theo my nhm hn ch v x l kp hin tng phn tng ca vt liu. Vi nhng v
tr vt liu b phn tng, phi loi b ton b vt liu v thay th bng vt liu CPD mi.
Vic xc lp s vn hnh ca my san, ri CPD phi da vo kt qu ca cng tc thi cng th
im (xem 7.3).
g) Phi thng xuyn kim tra cao , bng phng, dc ngang, dc dc, m,
ng u ca vt liu CPD trong sut qu trnh san ri.
7.2.4 Cng tc lu ln
a) Phi la chn loi lu v phi hp cc loi lu trong s lu ln ty thuc vo loi dng lm vt
liu, chiu dy, chiu rng v dc dc ca lp mng ng. Thng thng, s dng lu nh 60 80 kN vi vn tc chm 3 Km/h lu 3 - 4 lt u, sau s dng lu rung 100 - 120 kN hoc lu
bnh lp c ti trng bnh 25 - 40 kN lu tip t 12 - 20 lt cho n khi t cht yu cu, ri
hon thin bng 2 - 3 lt lu bnh st nng 80 - 100 kN.
b) S ln lu ln phi m bo ng u i vi tt c cc im trn mt mng (k c phn m rng),
ng thi phi bo m bng phng sau khi lu ln.
c) Vic lu ln phi thc hin t ch thp n ch cao, vt bnh lu sau chng ln vt lu trc t nht l
20
cm.
Nhng
on
ng
thng,
lu
mp
vo
tim
ng
cc
on
Nu thy hin tng khc thng nh rn nt, gn sng, x dn hoc ri rc khng cht phi
dng lu, tm nguyn nhn v x l trit ri mi c lu tip. Tt c cc cng tc ny phi hon
tt trc khi t c 80 % cng lu;
12
Trc khi ti nha thm bm, phi tin hnh lm v sinh b mt lp mng nhm loi b bi, rc,
vt liu ri rc bng cc dng c thch hp nh chi, my nn kh nhng khng c lm bong
bt cc ct liu ca lp mng;
Khi ti nha thm bm, nhit khng kh phi ln hn 8 oC, ng thi phi m bo vt liu ti c
nhit thch hp khong 70o C 10o C i vi nha lng MC70;
Tin hnh phun ti nha thm bm ng u trn ton b b mt lp mng bng cc thit b
chuyn dng vi p lc phun t 0,2 MPa n 0,5 MPa v nh mc l 1,2 l/m2 0,1 l/m2 i vi
nha lng MC70 hoc 1,8 l/ m2 i vi nh tng SS1h v CSS-1h.
Khi c s thay i thit b thi cng chnh thc: lu nng, my san, my ri;
13
c) Ton b cng tc thi cng th im, t khi lp cng cho n khi xc lp c dy chuyn cng
ngh p dng cho thi cng i tr, phi c s kim tra v chp thun ca T vn
gim st.
7.3.2 Lp bin php t chc thi cng th im
a) Cc phn on c la chn thi cng th im phi i din cho phm vi thi cng ca mi mi thi
cng v: loi hnh kt cu ca mt bng thi cng, dc dc, dc ngang, b rng lp mng Thng
thng, chiu di ti thiu ca mi phn on th im l 50 m;
b) Cn c vo yu cu v tin thi cng, v tin cung cp vt liu, iu kin thc t v mt bng,
v kh nng huy ng trang thit b thi cng v cc yu cu nu ti 7.3.1, tin hnh lp
t nht 2 s cng ngh thi cng th im ng vi 2 phn on c la chn;
c) Khi lp cc s cng ngh thi cng th im, phi xem xt y cc c tnh k thut ca cc
thit b thi cng hin c, kt hp vi kinh nghim thi cng c tch ly v iu kin
thc t v nng lc thit b, hin trng. Trong s cng ngh thi cng th im, phi nu r cc
vn sau:
Xc lp s b cc cng vic ph tr, cc bc v thi im tin hnh cc cng tc kim tra, gim
st cn thc hin nhm m bo s hot ng nhp nhng ca dy chuyn thi cng v m bo
cht lng cng trnh.
Khi lng vt liu chuyn ch n cng trng. Khong cch ri gia cc ng vt liu
CPD khi lp mng di, c php thi cng bng my san;
14
b) T cc s liu thu c, tin hnh tnh ton v hiu chnh li cc thng s nh:
ri
Cri - C mb
= ---------------------Clu - Cmb
[2]
Trong :
Cmb l cao mt bng thi cng, m;
Cri l cao b mt lp CPD sau khi ri, m;
Clu l cao b mt lp CPD sau khi lu ln xong ( t cht yu cu), m.
c) Tin hnh hiu chnh s thi cng th im p dng cho thi cng i tr.
phc v cng tc kim tra cht lng vt liu trong qu trnh thi cng ti hin trng v
Mu th nghim ly ti hin trng thi cng phi i din cho l sn phm hoc on c th
nghim, kim tra. Vic ly mu c th c thc hin theo cc phng thc khc nhau v tun th
cc quy nh ti 6.3.
15
Giai on kim tra phc v cho cng tc chp nhn ngun cung cp vt liu CPD cho cng
trnh
a) Mu kim tra c ly ti ngun cung cp; c 3000 m3 vt liu cung cp cho cng trnh hoc khi
lin quan n mt trong cc trng hp sau th t nht phi ly mt mu:
Giai on kim tra phc v cng tc nghim thu cht lng vt liu CPD c tp kt ti
Mu kim tra c ly bi cha ti chn cng trnh, c 1000 m3 vt liu phi ly t nht mt mu
cho mi ngun cung cp hoc khi c s bt thng v cht lng vt liu;
m, s phn tng ca vt liu CPD (quan st bng mt v kim tra thnh phn ht). C
200 m3 vt liu CPD hoc mt ca thi cng phi tin hnh ly mt mu th nghim thnh phn ht,
m.
8.3.2 cht lu ln
Vic th nghim thc hin theo 22 TCN 346 06 v c tin hnh ti mi lp mng CPD thi
cng xong;
n giai on cui ca qu trnh lu ln, phi thng xuyn th nghim kim tra cht lu ln
lm c s kt thc qu trnh lu ln. C 800 m2 phi tin hnh th nghim xc nh cht lu ln ti
mt v tr ngu nhin.
16
Chiu dy lp mng c xc nh da trn s liu o c cao trc v sau khi thi cng lp
mng ti cc im tng ng trn cng mt mt ct (khi cn thit, tin hnh o h kim tra);
Mng trn
1. Cao
- 10 mm
- 5 mm
2. dc ngang
0,5 %
0,3 %
3. Chiu dy
10 mm
5 mm
4. Chiu rng
- 50 mm
- 50 mm
10 mm
5 mm
Mt kim tra
C 40 m n 50 m vi on
tuyn thng, 20 m n 25 m
vi on tuyn cong ng o
mt trc ngang.
C 100 m o ti mt v tr
8.4 Kim tra sau thi cng phc v vic nghim thu hng mc cng trnh
Kim tra cht lu ln, kt hp kim tra thnh phn ht sau khi lu ln v chiu dy lp mng : c
7000 m2 hoc ng vi 1 km di (mt ng 2 ln xe) cn th nghim kim tra bng phng php
o h rt ct ti hai v tr ngu nhin ( ring trng hp ri bng my san, cn kim tra ti ba v
tr ngu nhin).
Kim tra cc yu t hnh hc v bng phng: cn tin hnh kim tra vi mt o c ch bng
20 % khi lng quy nh nu ti Bng 4, tng ng vi mt o nh sau:
o kim tra cc yu t hnh hc (cao tim v mp mng, chiu rng mng, dc ngang
mng) : 250 m/ v tr trn ng thng v 100 m/ v tr trong ng cong.
o kim tra bng phng b mt mng bng thc 3m : 500 m/ v tr
18
TCVN
H NI 2011
Mc lc
Trang
1 Phm vi p dng ..........................................................................................................................5
2 Ti liu vin dn............................................................................................................................6
3 Thut ng v nh ngha...............................................................................................................6
4 Yu cu i vi vt liu lm lp lng nha nng...........................................................................7
5 nh mc lng v lng nha lm lp lng nha nng trn cc loi mt
ng...............................................................................................................................................8
6 Cc cng vic chun b trc khi lng nha nng.........................................................................9
7 Thi cng .....................................................................................................................................11
8 Gim st, kim tra v nghim thu................................................................................................14
9 An ton lao ng v bo v mi trng.......................................................................................17
Li ni u
TCVN 8863 : 2011 c chuyn i t 22 TCN 16-79 theo quy nh ti
khon 1 iu 69 ca Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut v im a
khon 1 iu 7 Ngh nh s 127/2007/N-CP ngy 01/8/2008 ca Chnh
ph quy nh chi tit thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Tiu chun v Quy
chun k thut.
TCVN 8863 : 2011 do Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh Giao thng vn ti
bin son, B Giao thng vn ti ngh, Tng cc Tiu chun o lng
cht lng thm nh, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh cng b.
1 Phm vi p dng
1.1 Tiu chun ny p dng cho vic thi cng v nghim thu lp lng nha nng trn cc loi mt
ng lm mi hoc trn mt ng c cn sa cha khi phc. Tiu chun ny khng p dng i
vi ng cao tc, ng c vn tc thit k 80 km/h tr ln.
Cc lp khc ca kt cu mt ng phi c thi cng theo nhng tiu chun tng ng hin
hnh.
1.2 Lp lng nha trn cc loi mt ng khng c a vo tnh ton cng mt ng.
1.3 Lng nha nng mt ng cc loi c thi cng theo kiu lng nha mt, hai hay ba lp. S
dng kiu no l do t vn thit k quy nh. C th tham kho Bng 1 hng dn v cc trng hp
s dng.
Bng 1 - Trng hp s dng cc kiu lng nha nng
Kiu lng nha
Trng hp s dng
Bitum Yu cu k thut
TCVN 7504:2005
TCVN 7572-8:2006
TCVN 7572-11:2006
TCVN 7572-12:2006
TCVN 7572-13:2006
TCVN 7572-17:2006
TCVN 7572-18:2006
Xc nh hm lng ht b p v
3 Thut ng v nh ngha
3.1 Lng nha mt lp (Single Bituminous Surface Treatment cn gi n gin l Single Surface
Treatment, vit tt SST; c ni cn gi l Chip Seal), thi cng bng cch phun nha mt ln v ri
nh mt ln ri lu ln.
3.2 Lng nha hai lp (Double Bituminous Surface Treatment cn gi n gin l Double Surface
Treatment, vit tt DST), thi cng bng cch lp li hai ln ca iu 3.1.
3.3 Lng nha ba lp (Triple Bituminous Surface Treatment cn gi n gin l Triple Surface
Treatment, vit tt TST), thi cng bng cch lp li ba ln ca iu 3.1.
3.4 Nha thm bm (Bituminous Material For Prime Coat), dng phun u ln mt ca lp mng
bng vt liu khong khng s dng cht lin kt hu c, mc ch mt phn nha thm xung
mt lp mng 5 n 10 mm v mt phn nha dnh bm vi lp vt liu nha s ri ln
trn.
3.5 Nha dnh bm (Bituminous Material For Tack Coat), dng phun u ln mt ca lp lm
bng vt liu khong c s dng cht lin kt hu c hoc trn mt ng c, mc ch dnh bm
vi lp vt liu nha s ri ln trn.
2
3.6 Nha lng (Cutback asphalt) c tc ng c trung bnh v nht bng 30 mm /s n 60
2
O
2
mm /s 60 C k hiu l MC30. Nha lng c tc ng c trung bnh v nht bng 70 mm /s
2
O
n 140 mm /s 60 C k hiu l MC70.
Mc
8
Phng php th
TCVN 7572-11: 2006
TCVN 7572-12: 2006
25 (30)
b) i vi trm tch
35 (40)
15
7. Hm lng st cc, %
0,25
8. dnh bm ca vi nha
4.1.4 Kch c nh dng trong lp lng nha nng c ghi Bng 3. Mi loi kch c nh
c k hiu dmin/Dmax, trong dmin l c nh nht danh nh v Dmax l c ln nht danh nh
(theo l sng vung). Tu theo lp lng nha nng l 1, 2 hay 3 lp m chn loi kch c thch hp
nh quy nh ti iu 5.
7
Dmax
danh nh, mm
danh nh, mm
C 12,5/19
12,5
19
C 9,5/12,5
9,5
12,5
C 4,75/9,5
4,75
9,5
Loi
lng mt
Chiu
dy
Nha ng
Th t ti
Lng
nha
2
(kg/m )
1,0
Ch mt ln
1,5
2,0- 2,5
(cm)
nh
Th t ri
Kch c
(mm)
Lng
2
(L/m )
1,2 *
Ch mt ln
4,75/9,5
10-12
Ch mt ln
1,5 (1,8)
Ch mt ln
9,5/12,5
15-17
Ln th nht
1,5 (1,8)
Ln th nht
9,5/12,5
14-16
Mt lp
Hai lp
Loi
lng mt
Chiu
dy
(cm)
Nha ng
Th t ti
Lng
nha
2
(kg/m )
Ln th hai
1,2
nh
Th t ri
Kch c
(mm)
Lng
2
(L/m )
Ln th hai
4,75/9,75
10-12
Bng 4 (Tip)
Loi
lng mt
Chiu
dy
(cm)
Ba lp
CH THCH:
3,0- 3,5
Nha ng
Th t ti
Lng
nha
2
(kg/m )
Ln th nht
nh
Th t ri
Kch c
(mm)
Lng
2
(L/m )
1,7 (1,9)
Ln th nht
12,5/19
18-20
Ln th hai
1,5
Ln th hai
9,5/12,5
14-16
Ln th ba
1,1
Ln th ba
4,75/9,5
9-11
5.2 chnh xc ho lng vt liu v kim tra s hot ng ca thit b my mc, s phi hp
gia cc khu ti nha, ri nh, lu ln, trc khi thi cng i tr cn tin hnh thi cng th mt
on ti thiu 100m v iu chnh cho ph hp vi iu kin thc t.
7 Thi cng
Vic thi cng lp lng nha nng trn cc loi mt ng gm cc cng on chnh: Phun nha; ri
nh; lu ln; bo dng. Yu cu k thut trong tng cng on quy nh nh sau:
7.1 Phun ti nha nng:
7.1.1 Nha c un nng n nhit yu cu c phun ti theo nh mc tu theo th t ti
(xem Bng 4) bng xe phun nha.
7.1.2 Lp nha phun ra mt ng phi u, kn mt. Ngi iu khin phi xc nh tng quan
gia tc i ca xe, tc ca bm nha, chiu cao ca cn phun, chiu rng phn b ca dn
ti, gc t ca cc l phun ph hp vi biu phun nha km theo ca tng loi xe phun nha
2
nhm bo m lng nha phun ra trn 1m mt ng ph hp vi nh mc. Sai lch cho php l
5%. Thng thng tc xe ti nha t 5 km/h n 7 km/h.
7.1.3 trnh nha khng u khi xe bt u chy v khi xe dng li cn ri mt bng giy dy
hoc mt tm tn mng ln mt ng ti nhng v tr ny trn mt chiu di khong 2m; sau khi xe
phun nha xong th di chuyn cc tm n cc v tr khc.
7.1.4 Trng hp trn mt ng cn ri rc nhng ch cha c nha, dng cn phun cm tay ti
b sung; nhng v tr tha nha th phi thm b. Cng vic ny phi hon thnh tht nhanh ri
nh kp thi khi nha ang cn nng.
11
13
8.3.3 i vi xe v thit b ri nh cn kim tra nhn v bng phng ca thng ben, s hot
ng ca ca x v khe x nh, s hot ng ca trc quay phn phi ngang v ym chn ca
thit b ri .
Kim tra ng u ca vic ri bng cch t cc khay bng tn c din tch y l 25cmx40cm
trn mt ng hng khi my ri nh i qua. S chnh lch gia cc v tr hng khng
qu 10%.
2
S lng nh ri thc t trn 1m c php chnh lch vi nh mc khng qu 8%.
8.3.4 i vi my lu cn kim tra tnh trng lp, p lc hi, ti trng ca bnh xe.
8.4 Kim tra cht lng ca vt liu:
8.4.1 Vt liu nh:
15
16
Tiu chun
nh ph kn mt ng
khng di 98% din tch
Tiu chun
Sau 15 ngy k t ngy thi
cng xong, xe chy vi tc
20km/h khng b
bong bt
Bng 5 (Tip)
Cht lng lp lng nha v
kch thc mt ng lng nha
3. nh khng b v vn
Tiu chun
Quan st bng mt
7. dc ngang (10 ct ngang cho o bng thc mu c Sai lch khng qu 0,5%
1km )
ng thu bnh (bt nc)
17
18
19