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TCVN 7493 : 2005

TCVN

TIU CHUN VIT NAM


TCVN 7493 : 2005
TCVN 7494 : 2005 (ASTM D 140 - 01)
TCVN 7495 : 2005 (ASTM D 5 - 97)
TCVN 7496 : 2005 (ASTM D 113 - 99)
TCVN 7497 : 2005 (ASTM D 36 - 00)
TCVN 7498 : 2005 (ASTM D 92 - 02b)
TCVN 7499 : 2005 (ASTM D 6 - 00)
TCVN 7500 : 2005 (ASTM D 2042 - 01)
TCVN 7501 : 2005 (ASTM D 70 - 03)
TCVN 7502 : 2005 (ASTM D 2170 - 01a)
TCVN 7503 : 2005; TCVN 7504 : 2005
Xut bn ln 1

Cc tiu chun vit nam v Bitum

H Ni 2005

TCVN 7493 : 2005


Mc lc
Trang
TCVN 7493 : 2005

Bitum Yu cu k thut ................................................. 5

TCVN 7494 : 2005 (ASTM D 140 - 01)

Bitum Ph-ng php ly mu .......................................... 9

TCVN 7495 : 2005 (ASTM D 5 - 97)

Bitum Ph-ng php xc nh kim ln ..................... 19

TCVN 7496 : 2005 (ASTM D 113 - 99)

Bitum Ph-ng php xc nh ko di ...................... 25

TCVN 7497 : 2005 (ASTM D 36 - 00)

Bitum Ph-ng php xc nh im ho mm

c vng-v-bi)

29

TCVN 7498 : 2005 (ASTM D 92 - 02b)

Bitum Ph-ng php xc nh im chp chy

(dng

v im chy bng thit b th cc h Cleveland ............ 37


TCVN 7499 : 2005 (ASTM D 6 - 00)

Bitum Ph-ng php xc nh tn tht


khi l-ng sau gia nhit .................................................. 55

TCVN 7500 : 2005 (ASTM D 2042 - 01)

Bitum Ph-ng php xc nh ho tan


trong tricloetylen ............................................................ 59

TCVN 7501 : 2005 (ASTM D 70 - 03)

Bitum Ph-ng php xc nh khi l-ng ring . (ph-ng

php Pycnometer)

65

TCVN 7502 : 2005 (ASTM D 2170 - 01a)

Bitum Ph-ng php xc nh nht ng hc ........... 71

TCVN 7503 : 2005

Bitum Xc nh hm l-ng paraphin


bng ph-ng php ch-ng ct ........................................... 89

TCVN 7504 : 2005

Bitum Ph-ng php xc nh


bm dnh vi ......................................................... 99

TCVN 7493 : 2005

Li ni u
TCVN 7494 : 2005 hon ton t-ng -ng vi ASTM D 140 - 01 Standard Practice for
Sampling Bituminous Materials.
TCVN 7495 : 2005 hon ton t-ng -ng vi ASTM D 5 - 97 Standard Test Method for
Penetration of Bituminous Materials.
TCVN 7496 : 2005 hon ton t-ng -ng vi ASTM D 113 - 99 Standard Test Method
for Ductility of Bituminous Materials.
TCVN 7497 : 2005 hon ton t-ng -ng vi ASTM D 36 - 00 Standard Test Method for
Softening Point of Bitumen (Ring-and-Ball Aparatus).
TCVN 7498 : 2005 hon ton t-ng -ng vi ASTM D 92 - 02b Standard Test Method
for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester.
TCVN 7499 : 2005 hon ton t-ng -ng vi ASTM D 6 - 00 Standard Test Method for
Loss on Heating of Oil and Asphaltic compounds.
TCVN 7500 : 2005 hon ton t-ng -ng vi ASTM D 2042 - 01 Standard Test Method
for Solubility of Asphalt materials in Trichloroethylene.
TCVN 7501 : 2005 hon ton t-ng -ng vi ASTM D 70 - 03 Standard Test Method for
Density of Semi-Solid Bituminous Materials (Pycnomefer method).
TCVN 7502 : 2005 hon ton t-ng -ng vi ASTM D 2170 - 01a Standard Test Method
for Kinematic Viscosity of Asphalts (Bitumens).
TCVN 7503 : 2005 t-ng -ng c sa i vi DIN EN 12606-1 : 2000 Bitumen and
Bituminous Binder Determination of the Paraffin Wax Content Part 1: Method by
Distillation.
TCVN 7493 : 2005 TCVN 7504 : 2005 do Tiu ban K thut Tiu chun
TCVN/TC35/SC2 Vt liu chng thm bin son, Tng cc Tiu chun o l-ng Cht
l-ng ngh, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh ban hnh.

TCVN 7493 : 2005

Tiu chun vit nam

TCVN 7493 : 2005


Xut bn ln 1

Bitum Yu cu k thut
Bitumen Specifications

1 Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun ny qui nh cc ch tiu cht l-ng ca bitum du m s dng trong xy dng.
Ch thch: Ph lc A gii thiu cc loi bitum s dng trong xy dng.

2 Ti liu vin dn
TCVN 7494 : 2005 (ASTM D 140 - 01) Bitum Ph-ng php ly mu.
TCVN 7495 : 2005 (ASTM D 5 - 97) Bitum Ph-ng php xc nh kim ln.
TCVN 7496 : 2005 (ASTM D 113 - 99) Bitum Ph-ng php xc nh ko di.
TCVN 7497 : 2005 (ASTM D 36 - 00) Bitum Ph-ng php xc nh im ho mm (dng c vng v
bi).
TCVN 7498 : 2005 (ASTM D 92 - 02b) Bitum Ph-ng php xc nh im chp chy v im chy bng
thit b th cc h Cleveland.
TCVN 7499 : 2005 (ASTM D 6 - 00) Bitum Ph-ng php xc nh tn tht khi l-ng sau gia nhit.
TCVN 7500 : 2005 (ASTM D 2042 - 01) Bitum Ph-ng php xc nh ho tan trong tricloetylen.
TCVN 7501 : 2005 (ASTM D 70 - 03) Bitum Ph-ng php xc nh khi l-ng ring (ph-ng php
Pycnometer).
TCVN 7502 : 2005 (ASTM D 2170 - 01a) Bitum Ph-ng php xc nh nht ng hc.
TCVN 7503 : 2005 Bitum Ph-ng php xc nh hm l-ng paraphin bng ph-ng php ch-ng ct.
TCVN 7504 : 2005 Bitum Ph-ng php xc nh bm dnh vi .

TCVN 7493 : 2005


3 Yu cu k thut
3.1 Bitum phi ng nht, khng cha n-c v khng to bt khi gia nhit n 175 oC.
3.2

Da vo kim ln bitum -c chia thnh cc mc: 20 - 30; 40 - 50; 60 - 70; 85 - 100;

120 - 150 v 200 - 300. Cc ch tiu cht l-ng ca bitum -c qui nh trong Bng 1.

4 Ph-ng php th
4.1 Ly mu
Theo TCVN 7494 : 2005 (ASTM D 140 - 01).

4.2

Ph-ng php th

Cc ph-ng php th ng vi tng ch tiu ca bitum -c qui nh trong Bng 1.

TCVN 7493 : 2005

TCVN 7493 : 2005


Ph lc A
(tham kho)

Gii thiu cc loi bitum s dng trong xy dng

Bng A.1 - Gii thiu cc loi bitum s dng cc cng trnh khc nhau

Mc ch s dng

Mc bitum
20-30

40-50

60-70

85-100

120-150

200-300

1. B tng atphan ri nng - Lp trn

++

--

2. B tng atphan ri nng - Lp d-i

++

3. B tng atphan ri m

--

--

4. Hn hp h ca ht va - bitum

--

++

5. Lp mt, mng lng bitum

++

--

6. Vt liu sn

++

--

7. Vt liu lp - lp tm

--

++

8. Vt liu lp - lp trng mt

++

--

9. Matt chn khe

++

--

--

10. Sn xut nh t-ng

++

Ch thch: ++ Rt thch hp
+

Thch hp

Khng thch hp

--

Rt khng thch hp

______________________________

TCVN 7493 : 2005

TCVN 7493 : 2005

Bng 1 - Cc ch tiu cht l-ng ca bitum


Mc theo kim ln
Tn ch tiu

20 - 30

40 - 50

60 - 70

85 - 100

120 - 150

200 - 300

Ph-ng php th

Min

Max

Min

Max

Min

Max

Min

Max

Min

Max

Min

Max

1. kim ln 25 C, 0,1 mm,


5 giy

20

30

40

50

60

70

85

100

120

150

200

300

TCVN 7495:2005
(ASTM D 5-97)

2. ko di 25 oC,
5 cm/pht, cm

40

80

100

100

100

100 1)

TCVN 7496:2005
(ASTM D 113-99)

3. im ho mm (dng c vng v
bi), oC

52

49

46

43

39

35

TCVN 7497:2005
(ASTM D 36-00)

4. im chp chy (cc m


Cleveland), oC

240

232

232

232

230

220

TCVN 7498:2005
(ASTM D 92-02b)

5. Tn tht khi l-ng sau gia nhit 5


gi 163 oC, %

0,2

0,5

0,5

0,8

0,8

1,0

TCVN 7499:2005
(ASTM D 6-00)

6. T l kim ln sau gia nhit 5 gi


163 oC so vi ban u, %

80

80

75

75

75

70

TCVN 7495:2005
(ASTM D 5-97)

99

99

99

99

99

99

TCVN 7500:2005
(ASTM D 2042-01)

7. ho tan trong tricloetylen, %


8. Khi l-ng ring, g/cm 3

1,00 - 1,05

TCVN 7501:2005
(ASTM D 70-03)

Bo co

TCVN 7502:2005
(ASTM D 2170-01a)

9. nht ng hc 135 oC,


2

mm /s (cSt)
10. Hm l-ng paraphin,
11. bm dnh vi
1)

7
7

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,2

2,2

Cp 3

Cp 3

Cp 3

Cp 3

Cp 3

Cp 3

Nu khng tin hnh -c php th nhit 25 o C, cho php tin hnh php th nhit 15 o C.

TCVN 7503:2005
TCVN 7504:2005

TCVN 7493 : 2005

% khi l-ng

TCVN 7493 : 2005

TCVN

TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN 8819 : 2011

Xut bn ln 1

MT NG B TNG NHA NNGYU CU THI CNG V NGHIM THU


Specification for Construction of Hot Mix Asphalt
Concrete Pavement and Acceptance

H NI 2011

TCVN 8819 : 2011

Mc lc

1 Phm vi p dng...........................................................................................................................5
2 Ti liu vin dn............................................................................................................................5
3 Thut ng v nh ngha........................................................................................................................7
4 Phn loi v cc ch tiu k thut yu cu vi b tng nha........................................................7
5 Yu cu v cht lng vt liu ch to b tng nha ................................................................10
6 Thit k hn hp b tng nha...................................................................................................13
7 Sn xut hn hp b tng nha ti trm trn..............................................................................14
8 Thi cng lp b tng nha...........................................................................................................16
9 Cng tc gim st, kim tra v nghim thu lp b tng nha......................................................21
10 An ton lao ng v bo v mi trng.....................................................................................25
Ph lc A (quy nh). Hng dn thit k hn hp b tng nha....................................................27
Ph lc B (tham kho). Hng dn chuyn i kch c sng trong phng th nghim sang kch c
sng ti trm trn..............................................................................................................................30

TCVN 8819 : 2011

Li ni u

TCVN 8819 : 2011 c chuyn i t 22 TCN 249-98 theo quy nh ti khon 1


iu 69 ca Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut v im a khon 1 khon 1
iu 7 Ngh nh s 127/2007/N-CP ngy 1/8/2008 ca Chnh ph quy nh chi
tit thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut.

TCVN 8819 : 2011 do Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh Giao thng Vn ti bin son,
B Giao thng Vn ti ngh, Tng cc Tiu chun o lng cht lng thm
nh, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh Cng b.

TCVN 8819 : 2011

TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN 8819 : 2011

Mt ng b tng nha nng- Yu cu thi cng v nghim thu


Specification for Construction of Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete Pavement and Acceptance

1 Phm vi p dng
1.1 Tiu chun ny quy nh nhng yu cu k thut v vt liu, cng ngh ch to hn hp, cng
ngh thi cng, kim tra, gim st v nghim thu cc lp mt ng b tng nha (b tng t phan)
theo phng php trn nng ri nng.
1.2 Tiu chun ny p dng cho vic lm mi, sa cha, nng cp mt ng t, ng ph, bn
bi, qung trng.
1.3 Tiu chun ny khng p dng cho b tng nha s dng nha ng c cht ph gia ci thin,
b tng nha c, b tng nha c tnh nng c bit (lp ph b tng nha mng c nhm cao,
b tng nha rng thot nc c nhm cao, Stone Matrix Asphalt).

2 Ti liu vin dn
Cc ti liu vin dn sau rt cn thit cho vic p dng tiu chun ny. i vi cc ti liu vin dn
ghi nm ban hnh th p dng bn c nu. i vi cc ti liu vin dn khng ghi nm ban hnh
th p dng phin bn mi nht, bao gm c cc sa i (nu c).
TCVN 7572-2: 2006 Ct liu b tng v va-Phng php th- Phn 2: Xc nh thnh phn ht.
TCVN 7572-7: 2006 Ct liu b tng v va-Phng php th- Phn 7: Xc nh m.
TCVN 7572- 8: 2006 Ct liu b tng v va-Phng php th-Phn 8: Xc nh hm lng bn,
bi, st trong ct liu v hm lng st cc trong ct liu nh.
TCVN 7572-10: 2006 Ct liu b tng v va-Phng php th-Phn 10: Xc nh cng v h
s ha mm ca gc.
TCVN 7572-11: 2006 Ct liu b tng v va-Phng php th-Phn 11: Xc nh nn dp v h
s ha mm ca ct liu ln.
TCVN 7572-12: 2006 Ct liu b tng v va-Phng php th-Phn 12: Xc nh hao mn khi
va p ca ct liu ln trong my Los Angeles.
TCVN 7572-13: 2006 Ct liu b tng v va-Phng php th-Phn 13: Xc nh hm lng ht
thoi dt trong ct liu ln.
TCVN 7572-17: 2006 Ct liu b tng v va-Phng php th-Phn 17: Xc nh hm lng ht
mm yu, phong ha.
TCVN 7572-18: 2006 Ct liu b tng v va-Phng php th-Phn 18: Xc nh hm lng ht b
p v.
TCVN 4197-1995 t xy dng-Phng php xc nh gii hn chy v gii hn do trong phng th
nghim.
5

TCVN 8819 : 2011


TCVN 7493: 2005 Bitum-Yu cu k thut.
TCVN 7494: 2005 Bitum-Phng php ly mu.
TCVN 7495:2005 Bitum- Phng php xc nh kim ln.
TCVN 7496:2005 Bitum- Phng php xc nh ko di.
TCVN 7497: 2005 Bitum- Phng php xc nh im ha mm (dng c vng-v-bi).
TCVN 7498:2005 Bitum- Phng php th nghim im chp chy v im chy bng thit b cc h
Cleveland.
TCVN 7499:2005 Bitum- Phng php xc nh tn tht khi lng sau khi gia nhit.
TCVN 7500:2005 Bitum- Phng php xc nh ha tan trong tricloetylen.
TCVN 7501:2005 Bitum- Phng php xc nh khi lng ring (phng php Picnometer).
TCVN 7503:2005 Bitum- Xc nh hm lng paraphin bng phng php chng ct.
TCVN 7504: 2005 Bitum-Phng php xc nh dnh bm vi .
TCVN 8860-1: 2011 B tng nha-Phng php th-Phn 1: Xc nh n nh, do Marshall.
TCVN 8860-4: 2011 B tng nha-Phng php th-Phn 4: Xc nh t trng ri ln nht, khi
lng ring ca b tng nha trng thi ri.
TCVN 8860-5: 2011 B tng nha-Phng php th-Phn 5: Xc nh t trng khi, khi lng th
tch ca b tng nha m nn.
TCVN 8860-7: 2011 B tng nha-Phng php th-Phn 7: Xc nh gc cnh ca ct.
TCVN 8860-8: 2011 B tng nha-Phng php th-Phn 8: Xc nh h s cht lu ln.
TCVN 8860-9: 2011 B tng nha-Phng php th-Phn 9: Xc nh rng d.
TCVN 8860-10: 2011 B tng nha-Phng php th-Phn 10: Xc nh rng ct liu.
TCVN 8860-12: 2011 B tng nha-Phng php th-Phn 12: Xc nh n nh cn li ca b
tng nha.
TCVN 8820:2011 Hn hp b tng nha nng-Thit k theo phng php Marshall.
TCVN 8864: 2011 Mt ng t- Xc nh bng phng mt ng bng thc di 3,0 mt.
TCVN 8865: 2011 Mt ng t- Phng php o v nh gi xc nh bng phng theo ch s
g gh quc t IRI.
TCVN 8866:2011 Mt ng t-Xc nh nhm mt ng bng phng php rc ct-Th
nghim.
TCVN 8817-1:2011 Nh tng nha ng axit- Phn 1-Yu cu k thut.
TCVN 8818-1:2011 Nha ng lng- Phn 1-Yu cu k thut.
AASHTO T 176 Standard Method of Test for Plastic Fines in Graded Aggregates and Soils by Use of
the Sand Equivalent Test (Phng php xc nh h s ng lng ct ES ca t v ct liu).
6

TCVN 8819 : 2011


AASHTO T 324-04 Standard Method of Test for Hamburg Wheel-Track Testing of Compacted Hot-Mix
Asphalt (HMA) (Phng php xc nh hn ln vt bnh xe ca mu b tng nha nng m
nn bng thit b Hamburg Wheel-Track).

3 Thut ng v nh ngha
Trong tiu chun ny p dng cc thut ng sau:
3.1 Mt ng b tng nha nng (Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete Pavement )
Mt ng (bao gm 1 lp hoc 1 s lp c chiu dy quy nh) c ch to t hn hp b tng
nha nng.
3.2 Hn hp b tng nha nng (Hot Mix Asphalt-HMA )
Hn hp bao gm cc ct liu ( dm, ct, bt khong) c t l phi trn xc nh, c sy nng v
trn u vi nhau, sau c trn vi nha ng theo t l xc nh qua thit k. Hn hp b
tng nha nng c ch to ti trm trn.
3.3 C ht ln nht (Maximum Size of Aggregate)
C sng nh nht m lng lt qua c sng l 100%.
Tiu chun ny s dng h sng mt vung ASTM th nghim thnh phn ht ct liu v biu th
ng cong cp phi theo kch c ht ct liu.
3.4 C ht ln nht danh nh (Nominal Maximum Size of Aggregate)
C sng ln nht m lng st ring bit trn c sng khng ln hn 10%.
3.5 Hm lng nha (Asphalt Content)
Lng nha ng trong hn hp b tng nha, tnh theo phn trm ca khi lng hn hp b
tng nha (bao gm ct liu dm, ct, bt khong, nha ng).
3.6 Hm lng nha ti u (Optimum Asphalt Content)
Hm lng nha c xc nh khi thit k b tng nha, ng vi mt t l phi trn ct liu
chn, v tha mn tt c cc yu cu k thut quy nh vi ct liu v b tng nha c ch ra ti
Tiu chun ny.
3.7 rng d (Air Voids)
Tng th tch ca tt c cc bt kh nh nm gia cc ht ct liu c bc nha trong hn hp
b tng nha m nn. rng d c biu th bng phn trm ca th tch mu hn hp b
tng nha m nn.
3.8 rng ct liu (Voids in The Mineral Aggregate)
Th tch ca khong trng gia cc ht ct liu ca hn hp BTN m nn, th tch ny bao gm
rng d v th tch nha c hiu. rng ct liu c biu th bng phn trm ca th tch mu
hn hp b tng nha m nn.

4 Phn loi v cc ch tiu k thut yu cu vi b tng nha


4.1 Phn loi b tng nha:
7

TCVN 8819 : 2011


4.1.1 Theo rng d, b tng nha c phn ra 2 loi:

B tng nha cht (vit tt l BTNC): c rng d t 3% n 6%, dng lm lp mt trn v lp


mt di. Trong thnh phn hn hp bt buc phi c bt khong;

B tng nha rng (vit tt l BTNR): c rng d t 7% n 12% v ch dng lm lp mng.

4.1.2 Theo kch c ht ln nht danh nh ca b tng nha cht, c phn ra 4 loi:

B tng nha cht c c ht ln nht danh nh l 9,5 mm (v c ht ln nht l 12,5 mm), vit
tt l BTNC 9,5;

B tng nha cht c c ht ln nht danh nh l 12,5 mm (v c ht ln nht l 19 mm), vit tt


l BTNC 12,5;

B tng nha cht c c ht ln nht danh nh l 19 mm (v c ht ln nht l 25 mm), vit tt l


BTNC 19;

B tng nha ct, c c ht ln nht danh nh l 4,75 mm (v c ht ln nht l 9,5 mm), vit tt
l BTNC 4,75.

Gii hn v thnh phn cp phi hn hp ct liu (th nghim theo TCVN 7572-2: 2006) v phm
vi p dng ca cc loi BTNC quy nh ti Bng 1.
Bng 1 - Cp phi hn hp ct liu b tng nha cht (BTNC)
Quy nh
1. C ht ln nht danh nh, mm

BTNC 9,5

BTNC 12,5

BTNC 19

BTNC 4,75

9,5

12,5

19

4,75

2. C sng mt vung, mm
25

100

19

100

90100

12,5

100

90100

7186

9,5

90100

7489

5878

100

4,75

5580

4871

3661

80100

2,36

3663

3055

2545

6582

1,18

2545

2140

1733

4565

0,600

1733

1531

1225

3050

0,300

1225

1122

817

2036

0,150

917

815

612

1525

0,075

610

610

58

812

5,26,2

5,06,0

4,85,8

6,07,5

45

57

68

35

Lp mt trn

Lp mt trn
hoc lp mt
di

Lp mt di

Va h, ln
dnh cho xe
p, xe th s

3. Hm lng nha ng tham kho,


% khi lng hn hp b tng nha
4. Chiu dy lp b tng nha hp l
(sau khi lu ln), cm
5. Phm vi nn p dng

Lng lt qua sng, % khi lng

TCVN 8819 : 2011


4.1.3 Theo kch c ht ln nht danh nh vi b tng nha rng, c phn thnh 3 loi:

B tng nha rng c c ht ln nht danh nh l 19 mm (v c ht ln nht l 25 mm), vit tt


l BTNR 19;

B tng nha rng c c ht ln nht danh nh l 25 mm (v c ht ln nht l 31,5 mm), vit tt


l BTNR 25;

B tng nha rng c c ht ln nht danh nh l 37,5 mm (v c ht ln nht l 50 mm), vit tt


l BTNR 37,5.

Gii hn v thnh phn cp phi hn hp ct liu (th nghim theo TCVN 7572-2: 2006) v phm
vi p dng ca cc loi BTNR quy nh ti Bng 2.
Bng 2 - Cp phi hn hp ct liu b tng nha rng (BTNR)
Quy nh
1. C ht ln nht danh nh, mm

BTNR 19

BTNR 25

BTNR 37,5

19

25

37,5

2. C sng mt vung, mm

Lng lt qua sng, % khi lng

50

100

37,5

100

90100

25

100

90100

19

90100

4070

12,5

4070

9,5

4070

1848

4,75

1539

1034

629

2,36

218

117

014

1,18

0,600

010

010

08

0,300

0,150

0,075

3. Hm lng nha ng tham kho,


% khi lng hn hp b tng nha

4,05,0

3,54,5

3,04,0

4. Chiu dy lp b tng nha hp l


(sau khi lu ln), cm

810

1012

1216

Lp mng trn

Lp mng

Lp mng

5. Phm vi nn p dng

4.2 Cp phi hn hp ct liu ca BTNC v BTNR khi thit k phi nm trong gii hn quy nh
tng ng ti Bng 1 v Bng 2. ng cong cp phi ct liu thit k phi u n, khng c
thay i t gii hn di ca mt c sng ln gii hn trn ca c sng k tip hoc ngc li.
4.3 Hm lng nha ng ti u ca BTNC v BTNR (tnh theo % khi lng hn hp b tng
nha) c chn trn c s thit k hn hp theo phng php Marshall, sao cho cc ch tiu k
thut ca mu b tng nha thit k tho mn cc ch tiu k thut yu cu ti Bng 3 i vi BTNC
v Bng 4 i vi BTNR. Trnh t thit k hn hp b tng nha theo phng php Marshall theo
hng dn ti TCVN 8820:2011 v ti Ph lc A.
9

TCVN 8819 : 2011


Bng 3 - Cc ch tiu k thut yu cu vi b tng nha cht (BTNC)
Quy nh
Ch tiu

Phng php th

BTNC19;
BTNC12,5;
BTNC 9,5

BTNC 4,75

75 x 2

50 x 2

2. n nh 60 C, 40 pht, kN

8,0

5,5

3. do, mm

24

24

4. n nh cn li, %

75

75

TCVN 8860-12:2011

5. rng d, %

36

36

TCVN 8860-9:2011

17

TCVN 8860-10:2011

1. S chy m
0

6. rng ct liu (tng ng vi


rng d 4%), %
-

C ht danh nh ln nht 9,5 mm

15

C ht danh nh ln nht 12,5 mm

14

C ht danh nh ln nht 19 mm

13

7 . su vt hn bnh xe (phng
php HWTD-Hamburg Wheel Tracking
Device), 10000 chu k, p lc 0,70
0
MPa, nhit 50 C, mm

12,5

TCVN 8860-1:2011

(*)

AASHTO T 324-04

(*): Ch kim tra i vi cc cng trnh c bit theo yu cu ca Ch u t. C th m to mu theo


phng php Marshall ci tin (TCVN 8860-1:2011).

Bng 4 - Cc ch tiu k thut yu cu vi b tng nha rng (BTNR)


Quy nh
Ch tiu

Phng php th

BTNR 19, BTNR 25

BTNR 37,5 (*)

50 x 2

75 x 2

2. n nh 600C, 40 min, kN

5,5

12,5 (**)

3. do, mm

24

36

4. n nh cn li, %

65

65

TCVN 8860-12:2011

5. rng d, %

712

712

TCVN 8860-9:2011

1. S chy m

(*)

TCVN 8860-1:2011

: Th nghim theo phng php Marshall ci tin.

(**) :

Thi gian ngm mu l 60 pht.

5 Yu cu v cht lng vt liu ch to b tng nha


5.1 dm
5.1.1 dm c nghin t tng, ni. Khng c dng xay t mc n, sa thch st,
dip thch st.
10

TCVN 8819 : 2011


5.1.2 Ring vi BTNR c dng cui si nghin v, nhng khng c qu 20% khi lng l cui
si gc silc.
5.1.3 Cc ch tiu c l ca dm dng cho b tng nha phi tho mn cc yu cu quy nh ti
Bng 5.
Bng 5 - Cc ch tiu c l quy nh cho dm
Cc ch tiu

Quy nh

Phng php th

BTNC
Lp mt trn

BTNR

Lp mt di

Cc lp mng

1. Cng nn ca gc, MPa

TCVN 7572-10: 2006


(cn c chng ch th
nghim kim tra ca
ni sn xut dm s
dng cho cng trnh)

- mc ma, bin cht

100

80

80

- trm tch

80

60

60

2. hao mn khi va p trong


my Los Angeles, %

28

35

40

TCVN 7572-12 : 2006

3. Hm lng ht thoi dt (t l
(*)
1/3) , %

15

15

20

TCVN 7572-13 : 2006

4. Hm lng ht mm yu, phong


ho , %

10

15

15

TCVN 7572-17 : 2006

5. Hm lng ht cui si b p
v (t nht l 2 mt v), %

80

TCVN 7572-18 : 2006

6. nn dp ca cui si c
xay v, %

14

TCVN 7572-11 : 2006

7. Hm lng chung bi, bn, st,


%

TCVN 7572- 8 : 2006

8. Hm lng st cc, %

0,25

0,25

0,25

TCVN 7572- 8 : 2006

9. dnh bm ca vi nha
(**)
ng , cp

cp 3

cp 3

cp 3

TCVN 7504 : 2005

(*): S dng sng mt vung vi cc kch c 4,75 mm theo quy nh ti Bng 1, Bng 2 xc nh hm
lng thoi dt.
(**): Trng hp ngun dm d nh s dng ch to b tng nha c dnh bm vi nha ng nh
hn cp 3, cn thit phi xem xt cc gii php, hoc s dng cht ph gia tng kh nng dnh bm (xi mng,
vi, ph gia ha hc) hoc s dng dm t ngun khc m bo dnh bm. Vic la chn gii php no
do T vn gim st quyt nh.

5.2 Ct
5.2.1 Ct dng ch to b tng nha l ct thin nhin, ct xay, hoc hn hp ct thin nhin v
ct xay.
5.2.2 Ct thin nhin khng c ln tp cht hu c (g, than ...).
5.2.3 Ct xay phi c nghin t c cng nn khng nh hn cng nn ca dng
sn xut ra dm.
5.2.4 Ct s dng cho b tng nha ct (BTNC 4,75) phi c hm lng nm gia hai c sng 4,75
mm-1,18 mm khng di 18 %.
5.2.5 Cc ch tiu c l ca ct phi tho mn cc yu cu quy nh ti Bng 6.
11

TCVN 8819 : 2011


Bng 6 - Cc ch tiu c l quy nh cho ct
Ch tiu
1. M un ln (MK)

Quy nh

Phng php th

TCVN 7572-2: 2006

2. H s ng lng ct (ES), %

AASHTO T176

- Ct thin nhin

80

- Ct xay

50

3. Hm lng chung bi, bn, st, %


4. Hm lng st cc, %

TCVN 7572- 8 : 2006

0,5

TCVN 7572- 8 : 2006

5. gc cnh ca ct ( rng ca ct trng


thi cha m nn), %

TCVN 8860-7:2011

- BTNC lm lp mt trn

43

- BTNC lm lp mt di

40

5.3 Bt khong
5.3.1 Bt khong l sn phm c nghin t cc b nt ( vi can xit, olomit ...), c cng
nn ca gc ln hn 20 MPa, t x baz ca l luyn kim hoc l xi mng.
5.3.2 cc b nt dng sn xut bt khong phi sch, khng ln cc tp cht hu c, hm lng
chung bi bn st khng qu 5%.
5.3.3 Bt khong phi kh, ti, khng c vn hn.
5.3.4 Cc ch tiu c l ca bt khong phi tho mn cc yu cu quy nh ti Bng 7.
Bng 7 - Cc ch tiu c l quy nh cho bt khong
Ch tiu

Quy nh

1. Thnh phn ht (lng lt sng qua cc c sng


mt vung), %

Phng php th
TCVN 7572-2: 2006

0,600 mm

100

0,300 mm

95100

0,075 mm

70100

2. m, %

1,0

TCVN 7572-7: 2006

3. Ch s do ca bt khong nghin t cc b
nt, (*) %

4,0

TCVN 4197-1995

( ):

* Xc nh gii hn chy theo phng php Casagrande. S dng phn bt khong lt qua sng li mt
vung kch c 0,425 mm th nghim gii hn chy, gii hn do.

5.4 Nha ng (bitum)


5.4.1 Nha ng dng ch to b tng nha l loi nha ng c, gc du m tho mn cc
yu cu k thut quy nh ti TCVN 7493-2005. Tham kho Ph lc A ca TCVN 7493-2005 la
12

TCVN 8819 : 2011


chn loi nha ng thch hp lm b tng nha nng. Dng loi nha ng no do T vn thit
k quy nh.
5.4.2 Nha ng 60/70 rt thch hp ch to cc loi BTNC v BTNR. Nha ng 85/100 rt
thch hp ch to BTNC 4,75.

6 Thit k hn hp b tng nha


6.1 Mc ch ca cng tc thit k l tm ra c t l phi hp cc loi vt liu khong (, ct, bt
khong) tho mn thnh phn cp phi hn hp b tng nha c quy nh cho mi loi ti
Bng 1, Bng 2 v tm ra c hm lng nha ng ti u tha mn cc ch tiu k thut yu cu
vi b tng nha ti Bng 3 v Bng 4.
6.2 Vic thit k hn hp b tng nha c tin hnh theo phng php Marshall.
6.3 Trnh t thit k hn hp b tng nha: Cng tc thit k hn hp b tng nha c tin hnh
theo 3 bc: thit k s b (Cold mix design), thit k hon chnh (Hot mix design) v xc lp cng
thc ch to hn hp b tng nha (Job mix formular). Trnh t thit k theo hng dn ti TCVN
8820:2011 v ti Ph lc A.
6.3.1 Thit k s b: Mc ch ca cng tc thit k ny nhm xc nh s ph hp v cht lng v
thnh phn ht ca cc loi ct liu sn c ti ni thi cng, kh nng s dng nhng ct liu ny
sn xut ra b tng nha tha mn cc ch tiu quy nh vi hn hp b tng nha. S dng vt liu
ti khu vc tp kt vt liu ca trm trn thit k. Kt qu thit k s b l c s nh hng cho
thit k hon chnh.
6.3.2 Thit k hon chnh: Mc ch ca cng tc thit k ny nhm xc nh thnh phn cp phi
ca hn hp ct liu v hm lng nha ti u khi ct liu c sy nng. Tin hnh chy th
trm trn trn c s s liu ca thit k s b. Ly mu ct liu ti cc phu d tr ct liu nng
thit k. Kt qu thit k hon chnh l c s quyt nh sn xut th hn hp b tng nha v ri
th lp b tng nha.
6.3.3 Xc lp cng thc ch to hn hp b tng nha: trn c s thit k hon chnh, tin hnh
cng tc ri th b tng nha. Trn c s kt qu sau khi ri th lp b tng nha, tin hnh cc
iu chnh (nu thy cn thit) a ra cng thc ch to hn hp b tng nha phc v thi cng
i tr lp b tng nha. Cng thc ch to hn hp b tng nha l c s cho ton b cng tc tip
theo: sn xut hn hp b tng nha ti trm trn, thi cng, kim tra gim st cht lng v nghim
thu. Cng thc ch to hn hp b tng nha phi ch ra cc ni dung sau:

Ngun ct liu v nha ng dng cho hn hp b tng nha;

Kt qu th nghim cc ch tiu c l ca nha ng, ct liu dm, ct, bt khong;

Thnh phn cp phi ca hn hp ct liu;

T l phi hp gia cc loi ct liu: dm, ct, bt ti phu ngui, phu nng;

Kt qu th nghim Marshall v hm lng nha ng ti u (tnh theo phn trm khi lng
ca hn hp b tng nha);

T trng ln nht b tng nha (l c s xc nh rng d);

Khi lng th tch ca mu b tng nha ng vi hm lng nha ng ti u (l c s


xc nh cht lu ln K);

13

TCVN 8819 : 2011

Phng n thi cng ngoi hin trng nh: chiu dy lp b tng nha cha lu ln, s lu, s
lt lu trn 1 im, nhm mt ng...

6.4 Trong qu trnh thi cng, nu c bt c s thay i no v ngun vt liu u vo hoc c s


bin i ln v cht lng ca vt liu th phi lm li thit k hn hp b tng nha theo cc giai
on nu trn v xc nh li cng thc ch to hn hp b tng nha.
7 Sn xut hn hp b tng nha ti trm trn
7.1 Yu cu v mt bng, kho cha, khu vc tp kt vt liu
7.1.1 Ton b khu vc trm trn ch to hn hp b tng nha phi m bo v sinh mi trng,
thot nc tt, mt bng sch s gi cho vt liu c sch v kh ro.
7.1.2 Khu vc tp kt dm, ct ca trm trn phi rng, h cp liu cho trng sy ca my trn
cn c mi che ma. dm v ct phi c ngn cch khng ln sang nhau, khng s dng
vt liu b trn ln.
7.1.3 Kho cha bt khong: bt khong phi c kho cha ring, nn kho phi cao ro, m bo bt
khong khng b m hoc suy gim cht lng trong qu trnh lu tr.
7.1.4 Khu vc un, cha nha ng phi c mi che.
7.2 Yu cu trm trn: s dng trm trn kiu chu k hoc c th s dng trm trn lin tc sn
xut hn hp b tng nha. Yu cu i vi c 2 loi trm ny l phi c thit b iu khin, c tnh
nng k thut v cng sut ph hp, m bo v sinh mi trng, m bo kh nng sn xut hn
hp b tng nha n nh v cht lng vi dung sai cho php so vi cng thc ch to hn hp b
tng nha quy nh ti Bng 8. Ngoi ra, i vi mi loi trm, cn c thm 1 s yu cu sau:
7.2.1 Trm trn theo kiu chu k
7.2.1.1 H sng: cn iu chnh, b sung, thay i h sng ca trm trn cho ph hp vi tng loi
b tng nha c c ht ln nht danh nh khc nhau, sao cho ct liu sau khi sy s c phn
thnh cc nhm ht bo m cp phi hn hp ct liu tho mn cng thc ch to hn hp b tng
nha c xc lp. Kch c sng trong phng th nghim v kch c sng chuyn i tng ng
ca trm trn c tham kho ti Ph lc B.
7.2.2.2 H thng lc bi: Vic cho php bi trong h thng lc bi quay li thng trn sn xut hn
hp b tng nha do Ch u t quyt nh, tu theo cht lng ca loi bi ny. Bi thu hi phi
sch, ch s do phi 4.
Bng 8 - Dung sai cho php so vi cng thc ch to hn hp b tng nha
Ch tiu

Dung sai cho php (%)

1. Cp phi ht ct liu
Lng lt qua
sng tng ng
vi cc c sng,
mm

C ht ln nht (Dmax) ca loi b


tng nha

12,5 v ln hn

9,5 v 4,75

2,36 v 1,18

0,600 v 0,300

0,150 v 0,075

2. Hm lng nha ng (% theo tng khi lng hn hp)

14

0,2

TCVN 8819 : 2011


7.2.2 Trm trn lin tc: do trm trn loi ny khng c h thng sng nn khng c phu cha ct
liu nng, v vy:
7.2.2.1 Cp phi ca ct liu ngui phi c kim tra thng xuyn, m bo tuyt i n nh.
7.2.2.2 H thng cn bng nh lng phi c kim tra thng xuyn, m bo tc cp ct liu
c duy tr n nh trong sut qu trnh sn xut.
7.3 Sn xut hn hp b tng nha
7.3.1 S cng ngh ch to hn hp b tng nha trong trm trn phi tun theo ng quy nh
trong bn hng dn k thut ca trm trn.
7.3.2 Vic sn xut hn hp b tng nha ti trm trn phi tun theo ng cng thc ch to hn
hp b tng nha c lp (quy nh ti 6.3.3).
7.3.3 Dung sai cho php ca cp phi ht ct liu v hm lng nha ng ca hn hp b tng
nha khi ra khi thng trn ti trm trn so vi cng thc ch to hn hp b tng nha khng c
vt qu gi tr quy nh ti Bng 8.
7.3.4 Hn hp b tng nha sn xut ra phi tha mn cc ch tiu k thut yu cu vi b tng
nha quy nh ti Bng 3 tng ng vi BTNC v Bng 4 tng ng vi BTNR.
o

7.3.5 Nhit nha ng khi nu s b nm trong phm vi 80-100 C bm n thit b nu nha


ng.
7.3.6 Nhit nha ng khi chuyn ln thng ong ca my trn c chn tng ng vi
nht ca nha ng khong 0,2 Pa.s. Ty thuc vo mc nha ng, nhit ny thng nm
trong khong nhit quy nh khi trn hn hp trong thng trn (Bng 9).
7.3.7 Ch c cha nha ng trong phm vi 75%-80% dung tch thng nu nha ng trong
khi nu.
7.3.8 Phi cn s b cc c dm v ct thit b cp liu trc khi a vo trng sy, vi dung
sai cho php 5%.
o

7.3.9 Nhit ca ct liu khi ra khi trng sy cao hn nhit trn khng qu 15 C. m ca
dm, ct khi ra khi trng sy phi nh hn 0,5%.
7.3.10 Bt khong dng ngui sau khi cn ong, c a trc tip vo thng trn.
7.3.11 Thi gian trn ct liu vi nha ng trong thng trn phi tun theo ng quy nh k thut
ca loi trm trn s dng v vi loi hn hp b tng nha sn xut, thng t ln hn 30 s n
khng qu 60 s. Thi gian trn c iu chnh ph hp trn c s xem xt kt qu sn xut th v
ri th.
CH THCH 1:
Thi gian trn ct liu vi nha ng trong thng trn c quy nh l thi gian ngn nht tha mn yu cu
sau:
-

Khi trn cc loi BTN dng cho lp mt: c t nht 95% ht ct liu c nha ng bao bc hon ton.

Khi trn cc loi BTN dng cho lp mng: c t nht 90% s ht ct liu c nha bao bc hon ton.

7.3.12 Nhit ca hn hp b tng nha tng ng vi cc cng on thi cng v nhit th


nghim Marshall theo quy nh ti Bng 9.

15

TCVN 8819 : 2011


7.4 Cng tc th nghim kim tra cht lng hn hp b tng nha trm trn
7.4.1 Mi trm trn sn xut hn hp b tng nha phi c trang b y cc thit b th nghim cn
thit kim tra cht lng vt liu, cc ch tiu c l ca hn hp b tng nha ti trm trn.
7.4.2 Ni dung, mt th nghim kim tra cht lng vt liu, kim tra cht lng hn hp b tng
nha ti trm trn c quy nh ti 9.3. v 9.4.
7.4.3 Nu nhit hn hp b tng nha cao hn nhit ln nht quy nh cho cng on trn
hn hp trong thng trn, hoc cao hn nhit ln nht khi x hn hp vo thng xe t th phi
loi b (xem Bng 9).

8 Thi cng lp b tng nha


8.1 Phi hp cc cng vic trong qu trnh thi cng
8.1.1 Phi m bo nhp nhng hot ng ca trm trn, phng tin vn chuyn hn hp ra hin
trng, thit b ri v phng tin lu ln. Cn m bo nng sut trm trn b tng nha ph hp vi
nng sut ca my ri. Khi tng nng sut ca trm trn thp, cn b sung trm trn hoc t hng
mt s trm trn ln cn ni ri.
8.1.2 Khong cch gia cc trm trn v hin trng thi cng phi xem xt cn thn sao cho hn
hp b tng nha khi c vn chuyn n hin trng m bo nhit quy nh ti Bng 9.
Bng 9 - Nhit quy nh ca hn hp b tng nha tng ng vi giai on thi cng
Giai on thi cng

Nhit quy nh tng ng vi mc


nha ng, 0C
40/50

60/70

85/100

1. Trn hn hp trong thng trn

155165

150160

145155

2. X hn hp vo thng xe t (hoc
phng tin vn chuyn khc)

145160

140155

135150

3. hn hp t xe t vo phu my ri

130

125

120

4. Bt u lu ln

125

120

115

5. Kt thc lu ln (lu ln khng hiu qu nu


nhit thp hn gi tr quy nh)

85

80

75

- Trn mu

155160

150155

145150

- m to mu

145150

140145

135140

6. Nhit th nghim to mu Marshall:

CH THCH:
Khong nhit lu ln b tng nha c hiu qu nht tng ng vi cc loi nha ng:

16

Nha ng 40/50: 140OC115OC;

Nha ng 60/70: 135 C110 C;

O
O
Nha ng 85/100: 130 C105 C.

TCVN 8819 : 2011


8.2 Yu cu v iu kin thi cng
8.2.1 Ch c thi cng lp b tng nha khi nhit khng kh ln hn 150C. Khng c thi cng
khi tri ma hoc c th ma.
8.2.2 Cn m bo cng tc ri v lu ln c hon thin vo ban ngy. Trng hp c bit phi
thi cng vo ban m, phi c thit b chiu sng m bo cht lng v an ton trong qu
trnh thi cng v c T vn gim st chp thun.
8.3 Yu cu v on thi cng th
8.3.1 Trc khi thi cng i tr hoc khi s dng mt loi b tng nha khc, phi tin hnh thi cng
th mt on kim tra v xc nh cng ngh thi cng lm c s p dng cho thi cng i tr.
on thi cng th phi c chiu di ti thiu 100 m, chiu rng ti thiu 2 vt my ri. on thi cng
th c chn ngay trn cng trnh s thi cng i tr hoc trn cng trnh c tnh cht tng t.
8.3.2 S liu thu c sau khi ri th s l c s chnh sa (nu c) v chp thun thi cng
i tr. Cc s liu chp thun bao gm:
-

Cng thc ch to hn hp b tng nha (theo 6.3.3);

Phng n v cng ngh thi cng: loi vt liu ti dnh bm, hoc thm bm; t l ti dnh
bm, hoc thm bm; thi gian cho php ri lp b tng nha sau khi ti vt liu dnh bm hoc
thm bm; chiu dy ri lp b tng nha cha lu ln; nhit ri; nhit lu ln bt u v kt
thc; s lu ln ca cc loi lu khc nhau, s lt lu cn thit; cht lu ln; bng phng;
nhm b mt sau khi thi cng

8.3.3 Nu on thi cng th cha t c cht lng yu cu th phi lm mt on th khc, vi


s iu chnh li cng thc ch to hn hp b tng nha, cng ngh thi cng cho n khi t c
cht lng yu cu.
8.4 Chun b mt bng
8.4.1 Phi lm sch bi bn v vt liu khng thch hp ri vi trn b mt s ri b tng nha ln
bng my qut, my thi, vi phun nc (nu cn) v bt buc phi hong kh. B mt chun b phi
rng hn sang mi pha l ng t nht l 20 cm so vi b rng s c ti thm bm hoc dnh
bm.
8.4.2 Trc khi ri b tng nha trn mt ng c phi tin hnh cng tc sa cha ch li lm, v
g, b vnh mt. Nu dng hn hp nha ri ngui hoc b tng nha ri ngui sa cha th
phi hon thnh trc t nht 15 ngy, nu dng b tng nha ri nng th phi hon thnh trc t
nht 1 ngy.
8.4.3 B mt chun b, hoc l mt ca lp mng hay mt ca lp di ca mt ng s ri phi
bo m cao , bng phng, dc ngang, dc dc vi cc sai s nm trong phm vi cho
php m cc tiu chun k thut tng ng quy nh.
8.4.4 Ti vt liu thm bm hoc dnh bm: trc khi ri b tng nha phi ti vt liu thm bm
hoc dnh bm.
8.4.4.1 Ti vt liu thm bm: ti trn mt cc lp mng khng dng nha (cp phi dm, cp
phi gia c xi mng...), tu thuc trng thi b mt (kn hay h) m ti vt liu thm bm vi t l
2
2
t 0,5 lt/m n 1,3 lt/m . Dng nha lng ng c va MC30, hoc MC70 (TCVN 8818-1:2011)
ti thm bm. Nhit ti thm bm: vi MC30 l 450C 100C, vi MC70 l 700C 100C. Thi gian
t lc ti thm bm n khi ri lp b tng nha phi nha lng kp thm su xung lp

17

TCVN 8819 : 2011


mng 5-10 mm v cho du nh bay hi, do T vn gim st quyt nh, thng thng sau
khong 1 ngy.
8.4.4.2 Ti vt liu dnh bm: ti trn mt ng nha c, trn cc lp mng c s dng nha
ng (hn hp nha, thm nhp nha, lng nha ) hoc trn mt lp b tng nha ri.
Ty thuc trng thi b mt (knh hay h) v tui th mt ng c m ti vt liu dnh bm vi t l
2
ph hp. Dng nh tng cationic phn tch chm CSS1-h (TCVN 8817-1: 2011) vi t l t 0,3 lt/m
2
n 0,6 lt/m , c th pha thm nc sch vo nh tng (t l 1/2 nc, 1/2 nh tng) v quy u
2
trc khi ti. Hoc dng nha lng ng c nhanh RC70 (TCVN 8818-1:2011) vi t l t 0,3 lt/m
2
n 0,5 lt/m ti dnh bm. Thi gian t lc ti dnh bm n khi ri lp b tng nha phi
( nh tng CSS1-h kp phn tch hoc nha lng RC70 kp ng c) v do T vn gim st
quyt nh, thng thng sau t nht l 4 gi. Trng hp thi cng vo ban m hoc thi tit m
2
t, c th dng nh tng phn tch nhanh CRS-1 (TCVN 8817-1: 2011) vi t l t 0,3 lt/m n
2
0,5 lt/m ti dnh bm.
8.4.5 Ch c dng thit b chuyn dng c kh nng kim sot c liu lng v nhit ca
nha ti dnh bm hoc thm bm. Khng c dng dng c th cng ti.
8.4.6 Ch c ti dnh bm hoc thm bm khi b mt c chun b y theo quy nh ti
8.4.1, 8.4.2 v 8.4.3. Khng c ti khi c gi to, tri ma, sp c cn ma. Vt liu ti dnh
bm hoc thm bm phi ph u trn b mt, ch no thiu phi ti b sung bng thit b phun
cm tay, ch no tha phi c gt b.
8.4.7 Phi nh v tr v cao ri hai mp mt ng ng vi thit k. Kim tra cao bng my
cao c. Khi c va hai bn cn nh du cao ri v qut lp nha lng (hoc nh tng)
vo thnh va.
8.4.8 Khi dng my ri c b phn t ng iu chnh cao lc ri, cn chun b cn thn cc
ng chun (hoc cng dy chun tht thng, tht cng dc theo mp mt ng v di s ri,
hoc t thanh dm lm ng chun, sau khi cao c chnh xc dc theo theo mt ng v
mp ca di s ri). Kim tra cao bng my cao c. Khi lp t h thng cao chun cho my
ri phi tun th y hng dn ca nh sn xut thit b v phi m bo cc cm bin lm vic
n nh vi h thng cao chun ny.
8.5 Vn chuyn hn hp b tng nha
8.5.1 Dng t t vn chuyn hn hp b tng nha. Chn t c trng ti v s lng ph hp
vi cng sut ca trm trn, ca my ri v c li vn chuyn, bo m s lin tc, nhp nhng cc
khu.
8.5.2 Cn phi c k hoch vn chuyn ph hp sao cho nhit ca hn hp n ni ri khng
thp hn quy nh ti Bng 9.
8.5.3 Thng xe vn chuyn hn hp b tng nha phi kn, sch, c phun u mt lp mng
dung dch x phng (hoc cc loi du chng dnh bm) vo thnh v y thng. Khng c dng
du mazt, du diezen hay cc dung mi lm ho tan nha ng qut ln y v thnh thng
xe. Xe phi c bt che ph.
8.5.4 Mi chuyn t vn chuyn hn hp b tng nha khi ri trm trn phi c phiu xut xng
ghi r nhit hn hp, khi lng, cht lng hn hp (nh gi bng mt v ng u), thi
im xe ri trm trn, ni xe s n, tn ngi li xe.
8.5.5 Trc khi hn hp b tng nha vo phu my ri phi kim tra nhit hn hp bng
nhit k. Nu nhit hn hp thp hn nhit nh nht quy nh cho cng on hn hp t xe
t vo phu my ri (xem Bng 9) th phi loi b.

18

TCVN 8819 : 2011


8.6 Ri hn hp b tng nha
8.6.1 Hn hp b tng nha c ri bng my chuyn dng, nn dng my ri c h thng iu
chnh cao t ng. Tr nhng ch hp cc b khng ri c bng my th cho php ri th cng
v tun theo quy nh ti 8.6.13.
8.6.2 Tu theo b rng mt ng, nn dng 2 (hoc 3) my ri hot ng ng thi trn 2 (hoc 3)
vt ri. Cc my ri phi i cch nhau 10 n 20 m. Trng hp dng mt my ri, trnh t ri phi
c t chc sao cho khong cch gia cc im cui ca cc vt ri trong ngy l ngn nht.
8.6.3 Trc khi ri phi t nng tm l, gung xon.
8.6.4 t ch hn hp b tng nha i li ti phu my ri, bnh xe tip xc u v nh nhng vi
2 trc ln ca my ri. Sau iu khin cho thng ben t t hn hp xung gia phu my ri.
Xe s 0, my ri s y t t t v pha trc cng my ri. Khi hn hp b tng nha phn
u dc theo gung xon ca my ri v ngp ti 2/3 chiu cao gung xon th my ri tin v pha
trc theo vt quy nh. Trong qu trnh ri lun gi cho hn hp thng xuyn ngp 2/3 chiu cao
gung xon.
8.6.5 Trong sut thi gian ri hn hp b tng nha bt buc phi thanh m (hoc b phn chn
ng trn tm l) ca my ri lun hot ng.
8.6.6 Tu b dy ca lp ri v nng sut ca my m chn tc ca my ri cho thch hp
khng xy ra hin tng b mt b nt n, b x rch hoc khng u n. Tc ri phi c T
vn gim st chp thun v phi c gi ng trong sut qu trnh ri.
8.6.7. Phi thng xuyn dng thun st nh du kim tra b dy ri. i vi my khng c
b phn t ng iu chnh th vn tay nng (hay h) tm l t t chiu dy lp b tng nha
khng b thay i t ngt.
8.6.8. Khi my ri lm vic, b tr cng nhn cm dng c theo my lm cc vic sau:

Ly hn hp ht nh t trong phu my t ph ri thnh lp mng dc theo mi ni, san u cc


ch li lm, r ca mi ni trc khi lu ln;

Gt b, b ph nhng ch li lm, r mt cc b trn lp b tng nha mi ri.

8.6.9. Cui ngy lm vic, my ri phi chy khng ti ra qu cui vt ri khong t 5-7 m mi c
ngng hot ng.
8.6.10 Trn on ng c dc dc ln hn 40 phi tin hnh ri hn hp b tng nha t chn
dc i ln.
8.6.11 Trng hp my ri ang lm vic b hng (thi gian sa cha phi ko di hng gi) th
phi bo ngay v trm trn tm ngng cung cp hn hp b tng nha v cho php dng my san t
hnh san nt lng hn hp b tng nha cn li.
8.6.12. Trng hp my ang ri gp ma t ngt th:

Bo ngay v trm trn tm ngng cung cp hn hp b tng nha;

Nu lp b tng nha c lu ln trn 2/3 tng s lt lu yu cu th cho php tip tc lu trong


ma cho n ht s lt lu ln yu cu. Ngc li th phi ngng lu v san b hn hp b tng
nha ra ngoi phm v mt ng. Ch khi no mt ng kh ro li mi c ri hn hp tip.

8.6.13. Trng hp phi ri bng th cng ( cc ch hp cc b) cn tun theo quy nh sau:


19

TCVN 8819 : 2011

Dng xng xc hn hp b tng nha v thp tay, khng c ht t xa trnh hn hp b


phn tng;

Dng co v bn trang tri u hn hp b tng nha thnh mt lp bng phng t dc ngang


yu cu, c b dy d kin bng 1,35 1,45 b dy lp b tng nha thit k (xc nh chnh
xc qua th nghim lu ln ti hin trng);

Vic ri th cng cn tin hnh ng thi vi vic ri bng my c th lu ln chung vt ri bng


my v ch ri bng th cng, bo m mt ng khng c vt ni.

8.6.14 Mi ni ngang:

Mi ni ngang sau mi ngy lm vic phi c sa cho thng gc vi trc ng. Trc khi ri
tip phi dng my ct b phn u mi ni sau dng vt liu ti dnh bm qut ln vt ct
m bo vt ri mi v c dnh kt tt.

Cc mi ni ngang ca lp trn v lp di cch nhau t nht l 1m;

Cc mi ni ngang ca cc vt ri lp trn cng c b tr so le ti thiu 25 cm.

8.6.15 Mi ni dc:

Mi ni dc qua ngy lm vic phi c ct b phn ra dc vt ri c, dng vt liu ti dnh


bm qut ln vt ct sau mi tin hnh ri;

Cc mi dc ca lp trn v lp di cch nhau t nht l 20 cm.

Cc mi ni dc ca lp trn v lp di c b tr sao cho cc ng ni dc ca lp trn


cng ca mt ng b tng nha trng vi v tr cc ng phn chia cc ln giao thng hoc
trng vi tim ng i vi ng 2 ln xe.

8.7 Lu ln lp hn hp b tng nha


8.7.1 Thit b lu ln b tng nha gm c t nht lu bnh thp nh 6-8 tn, lu bnh thp nng 10-12
tn v lu bnh hi c lp nhn i theo mt my ri.
Ngoi ra c th lu ln bng cch phi hp cc my lu sau:
-

Lu bnh hi phi hp vi lu bnh thp;

Lu rung phi hp vi lu bnh thp;

Lu rung phi hp vi lu bnh hi.

8.7.2 Lu bnh hi phi c ti thiu 7 bnh, cc lp nhn ng u v c kh nng hot ng vi p


lc lp n 0,85 MPa. Mi lp s c bm ti p lc quy nh v chnh lch p lc gia hai lp bt
2
k khng c vt qu 0,03 daN/cm . Phi c bin php iu chnh ti trng ca lu bnh hi sao
cho ti trng trn mi bnh lp c th thay i t 1,5 tn n 2,5 tn.
8.7.3 Ngay sau khi hn hp b tng nha c ri v lm phng s b, cn phi tin hnh kim tra
v sa nhng ch khng u. Nhit hn hp b tng nha sau khi ri v nhit lc lu phi c
gim st cht ch m bo trong gii hn quy nh (Bng 9).
8.7.4 S lu ln, tc lu ln, s phi hp cc loi lu, s ln lu ln qua mt im ca tng loi lu
t c cht yu cu c xc nh trn on ri th.

20

TCVN 8819 : 2011


8.7.5 My ri hn hp b tng nha i n u l my lu phi theo st lu ln ngay n . Trong
cc lt lu s b, bnh ch ng s pha gn tm l ca my ri nht. Tin trnh lu ln ca cc my
lu phi c tin hnh lin tc trong thi gian hn hp b tng nha cn gi c nhit lu ln c
hiu qu, khng c thp hn nhit kt thc lu ln (xem Bng 9).
8.7.6 Vt bnh lu phi chng ln nhau t nht l 20 cm. Nhng lt lu u tin dnh cho mi ni dc,
sau tin hnh lu t mp ngoi song song vi tim ng v dch dn v pha tim ng. Khi lu
trong ng cong c b tr siu cao vic lu s tin hnh t bn thp dch dn v pha bn cao. Cc
lt lu khng c dng ti cc im nm trong phm vi 1 mt tnh t im cui ca cc lt trc.
8.7.7 Trong qu trnh lu, i vi lu bnh st phi thng xuyn lm m bnh st bng nc. i vi
lu bnh hi, dng du chng dnh bm bi mt lp vi lt u, khi lp c nhit xp x vi nhit
ca hn hp b tng nha th s khng xy ra tnh trng dnh bm na. Khng c dng nc
lm m lp bnh hi. Khng c dng du diezel, du cn hay cc dung mi c kh nng ho
tan nha ng bi vo bnh lu.
8.7.8 Khi lu khi ng, i hng tin li... phi thao tc nh nhng, khng thay i t ngt hn
hp b tng nha khng b dch chuyn v x rch.
8.7.9 My lu v cc thit b nng khng c li trn lp b tng nha cha c lu ln cht v
cha ngui hn.
8.7.10 Trong khi lu ln nu thy lp b tng nha b nt n phi tm nguyn nhn iu chnh
(nhit , tc lu, ti trng lu...).

9 Cng tc gim st, kim tra v nghim thu lp b tng nha


9.1 Cng tc gim st kim tra c tin hnh thng xuyn trc khi ri, trong khi ri v sau khi ri
lp b tng nha. Cc quy nh v cng tc kim tra nu di y l quy nh ti thiu, cn c vo
tnh hnh thc t ti cng trnh m T vn gim st c th tng tn sut kim tra cho ph hp.
9.2 Kim tra hin trng trc khi thi cng, bao gm vic kim tra cc hng mc sau:

Tnh trng b mt trn s ri b tng nha, dc ngang, dc dc, cao , b rng;

Tnh trng lp nha ti thm bm hoc dnh bm;

H thng cao chun;

Thit b ri, lu ln, thit b thng tin lin lc, lc lng thi cng, h thng m bo an ton giao
thng v an ton lao ng.

9.3 Kim tra cht lng vt liu


9.3.1 Kim tra chp thun vt liu khi a vo cng trnh:

Nha ng: kim tra cc ch tiu cht lng theo quy nh ti TCVN 7493: 2005 (tr ch tiu
0
nht ng hc 135 C) cho mi t nhp vt liu;

Vt liu ti thm bm, dnh bm: kim tra cc ch tiu cht lng ca vt liu ti dnh bm,
thm bm p dng cho cng trnh cho mi t nhp vt liu;

dm, ct, bt khong: kim tra cc ch tiu quy nh ti 5.1, ti 5.2 v ti 5.3 cho mi t nhp
vt liu.

9.3.2 Kim tra trong qu trnh sn xut hn hp b tng nha: theo quy nh ti Bng 10.
21

TCVN 8819 : 2011


Bng 10 - Kim tra vt liu trong qu trnh sn xut hn hp b tng nha
Loi vt liu
1. dm

Ch tiu kim tra

Tn sut

V tr kim tra

Cn c

2 ngy/ln
hoc
3
200m /ln

Khu vc tp kt
dm

Bng 5

2 ngy/ln
hoc
200m3/ln

Khu vc tp kt
ct

Bng 6

2 ngy/ln
hoc 50 tn

Kho cha

Bng 7

1 ngy/ln

Thng nu nha
ng s b

TCVN 7493: 2005

- Thnh phn ht
- Hm lng ht thoi dt
- Hm lng chung bi, bn, st

2. Ct

- Thnh phn ht
- H s ng lng ct- ES

3. Bt khong

- Thnh phn ht
- Ch s do

4. Nha ng

- kim ln
- im ho mm

CH THCH:
Vi trm trn lin tc: tn sut kim tra ct liu ( dm, ct, bt khong) l 1 ln/ngy.

9.4 Kim tra ti trm trn: theo quy nh ti Bng 11.


Bng 11 - Kim tra ti trm trn
Hng mc

Ch tiu/phng php

Tn sut

V tr kim tra

Cn c

1. Vt liu ti cc phu
nng

Thnh phn ht

1 ngy/ln

Cc phu nng
(hot bin)

Thnh phn ht
ca tng phu

1 ngy/ln

Trn xe ti hoc
phu nhp liu
ca my ri

Cc ch tiu ca
hn hp b tng
nha c
ph duyt

- Thnh phn ht
- Hm lng nha ng
- n nh Marshall
2. Cng thc ch to
hn hp b tng nha

- rng d
- Khi lng th tch mu b
tng nha
- T trng ln nht ca b
tng nha

2 ngy/ln

3. H thng cn ong
vt liu

Kim tra cc chng ch hiu


chun/kim nh v kim tra
bng mt

1 ngy/ ln

Ton trm trn

Tiu chun k
thut ca trm
trn

Kim tra cc chng ch hiu


chun/kim nh v kim tra
bng mt

1 ngy/ ln

Ton trm trn

4. H thng nhit k

Tiu chun k
thut ca trm
trn

5. Nhit nha
ng

Nhit k

1 gi/ln

Thng nu s
b, thng trn

Theo 7.3.6. v
Bng 9

6. Nhit ct liu sau


khi sy

Nhit k

1 gi/ln

Tang sy

Theo 7.3.9

7. Nhit trn

Nhit k

Mi m trn

Thng trn

Bng 9

ng h

Mi m trn

Phng iu
khin

Theo 7.3.11

Nhit k

Mi m trn

Phng iu
khin

Bng 9

8. Thi gian trn


9. Nhit hn hp
khi ra khi thng trn

22

TCVN 8819 : 2011


9.5 Kim tra trong khi thi cng: theo quy nh ti Bng 12.
Bng 12 - Kim tra trong khi thi cng lp b tng nha
Hng mc

Ch tiu/
phng php

Mt

kim
tra

V tr kim tra

Cn c

1. Nhit hn hp
trn xe ti

Nhit k

Mi xe

Thng xe

Bng 9

2. Nhit khi ri
hn hp

Nhit k

50 mt/im

Ngay sau
my ri

Bng 9

3. Nhit lu ln hn
hp

Nhit k

50 mt/im

Mt ng

Bng 9

Thun st

50 mt/im

Mt ng

H s thit k

S lu, tc lu, s
lt lu, ti trng lu,
cc quy nh khi lu ln

Thng xuyn

Mt ng

Theo 8.3.2
v 8.7

Quan st bng mt

Mi mi ni

Mt ng

Theo 8.6.14
v 8.6.15

Thc 3 mt

25 mt/mt ct

Mt ng

Khe h khng
qu 5 mm

4. Chiu dy lp b
tng nha
5. Cng tc lu ln

6. Cc mi ni dc,
mi ni ngang
7. bng phng
sau khi lu s b

9.6 Kim tra khi nghim thu mt ng b tng nha


9.6.1 Kch thc hnh hc: theo quy nh ti Bng 13.
Bng 13 - Sai s cho php ca cc c trng hnh hc
Hng mc
1. B rng

2. dc ngang:

Phng
php

Mt o

Sai s cho php

Thc thp

50 m / mt ct

- 5 cm

My thu
bnh

50 m / mt ct
0,5%

- Lp trn

0, 25%
Khoan li

- Lp di
- Lp trn
4. Cao

My thu
bnh

2500 m
(hoc 330 m
di ng 2
ln xe) / 1 t 3
mu

Tng s ch hp khng qu
5% chiu di ng
95 % tng s im o

- Lp di

3. Chiu dy

Quy nh v t l im o
t yu cu

8% chiu dy

95 % tng s im o, 5%
cn li khng vt qu 10
mm

5% chiu dy

50 m/ im

- Lp di

- 10 mm; + 5 mm

- Lp trn

5 mm

95 % tng s im o, 5%
cn li sai s khng vt qu
10 mm

23

TCVN 8819 : 2011


9.6.2 bng phng mt ng: s dng thit b o IRI kim tra bng phng. Bo co kt qu
kim tra IRI c chi tit cho tng 100 m di; trng hp mt ng c bng phng km cc b
th bo co kt qu IRI cho tng on 50 m hoc nh hn. Trng hp chiu di on b tng nha
ngn ( 1 Km) th kim tra bng thc 3 mt. Tiu chun nghim thu nu ti Bng 14.
Bng 14 - Tiu chun nghim thu bng phng
Hng mc
1. bng phng IRI
2. bng phng o bng thc 3 m
(khi mt ng c chiu di 1 Km)

Mt kim tra

Yu cu

Ton b chiu di, cc ln xe

Theo quy nh ti TCVN 8865:2011

25 m / 1 ln xe

Theo quy nh ti TCVN 8864:2011

9.6.3 nhm mt ng: Tiu chun nghim thu quy nh ti Bng 15.
Bng 15 - Tiu chun nghim thu nhm mt ng
Hng mc

Mt kim tra

Yu cu

nhm mt ng theo phng


php rc ct

5 im o / 1 Km/ 1ln

Theo quy nh ti TCVN 8866:2011

9.6.4 cht lu ln: H s cht lu ln (K) ca cc lp b tng nha khng c nh hn 0,98.


K = tn / o
Trong :
-

tn: Khi lng th tch trung bnh ca b tng nha sau khi thi cng hin trng, g/cm3 (xc
nh trn mu khoan);

o: Khi lng th tch trung bnh ca b tng nha trm trn tng ng vi l trnh kim
3
tra, g/cm (xc nh trn mu c Marshall ti trm trn theo quy nh ti Bng 11 hoc trn
mu b tng nha ly t cc l trnh tng ng c c ch b li).
2

Mt kim tra: 2500 m mt ng (hoc 330 m di ng 2 ln xe) / 1 t 3 mu khoan (s


dng mu khoan xc nh chiu dy theo quy nh Bng 13).
9.6.5 Thnh phn cp phi ct liu, hm lng nha ng ly t mu nguyn dng mt ng
tng ng vi l trnh kim tra phi tho mn cng thc ch to hn hp b tng nha c ph
2
duyt vi sai s nm trong quy nh Bng 8. Mt kim tra: 2500 m mt ng/ 1 mu (hoc 330
m di ng 2 ln xe/ 1 mu).
9.6.6 n nh Marshall kim tra trn mu khoan: s dng mu khoan xc nh chiu dy v
cht xc nh. n nh Marshall phi 75% gi tr n nh quy nh Bng 3 v Bng 4
tng ng vi loi b tng nha. do, rng d xc nh t mu khoan phi nm trong gii hn
cho php (Bng 3 v Bng 4).
9.6.7 S dnh bm gia lp b tng nha vi lp di phi tt, c nhn xt nh gi bng mt ti
cc mu khoan.
9.6.8 Cht lng cc mi ni c nh gi bng mt. Mi ni phi ngay thng, bng phng, khng
r mt, khng b khc, khng c khe h.
9.7 H s nghim thu bao gm nhng ni dung sau:

24

TCVN 8819 : 2011


-

Kt qu kim tra chp thun vt liu khi a vo cng trnh;

Thit k s b;

Thit k hon chnh;

Biu quan h gia tc cp liu (tn/gi) v tc bng ti (m/pht) cho dm v ct.

Thit k c ph duyt- cng thc ch to hn hp b tng nha;

H s ca cng tc ri th, trong c quyt nh ca T vn v nhit lu ln, s lu, s lt


lu trn mt im

Nht k tng chuyn xe ch hn hp b tng nha: khi lng hn hp, nhit ca hn hp


khi x t thng trn vo xe, thi gian ri trm trn, thi gian n cng trng, nhit hn hp
khi vo my ri; thi tit khi ri, l trnh ri;

H s kt qu kim tra theo cc yu cu quy nh t Bng 10 n Bng 15.

10 An ton lao ng v bo v mi trng


10.1 Ti trm trn hn hp b tng nha
10.1.1 Phi trit tun theo cc quy nh v phng chy, chng st, bo v mi trng, an ton lao
ng, an ton s dng in hin hnh.
10.1.2 cc ni c th xy ra m chy (kho, ni cha nha ng, ni cha nhin liu, my
trn...) phi c sn cc dng c cha chy, thng ng ct kh, bnh bt dp la, b nc v cc li
ra ph.
10.1.3 Ni nu nha ng phi cch xa cc cng trnh xy dng d chy v cc kho tng khc t
nht l 50 m. Nhng ch c nha ng ri vi phi c dn sch v rc ct.
10.1.4 B phn lc bi ca trm trn phi hot ng tt.
10.1.5 Khi vn hnh my trm trn cn phi:
-

Kim tra cc my mc v thit b;

Khi ng my, kim tra s di chuyn ca nha ng trong cc ng dn, nu cn th phi lm


nng cc ng, cc van cho nha ng chy c;

Ch khi my mc chy th khng ti trong tnh trng tt mi t n kh trng sy.

10.1.6 Trnh t thao tc khi t n kh phi tin hnh tun theo ch dn ca trm trn. Khi mi la
cng nh iu chnh n kh phi ng pha cnh bung t, khng c ng trc din vi n
kh.
10.1.7 Khng c s dng trng rang vt liu c nhng h hng bung t, n kh, cng nh
khi c hin tng ngn la len qua cc khe h ca bung t pht ra ngoi tri.
10.1.8 cc trm trn hn hp b tng nha iu khin t ng cn theo cc quy nh:
-

Trm iu khin cch xa my trn t nht l 15 m;

Trc mi ca lm vic phi kim tra cc ng dy, cc c cu iu khin, tng b phn my


mc thit b trong my trn;

25

TCVN 8819 : 2011


-

Khi khi ng phi trit tun theo trnh t quy nh cho mi loi trm trn t khu cp vt
liu vo trng sy n khu tho hn hp trn xong vo thng.

10.1.9 Trong lc kim tra cng nh sa cha k thut, trong cc l nu, thng cha, cc ch m t
ch c dng cc ngn n in di ng c in th 12 V. Khi kim tra v sa cha bn trong trng
rang v thng trn hn hp phi cc b phn ny ngui hn.
10.1.10 Mi ngi lm vic trm trn b tng nha u phi hc qua mt lp v an ton lao ng
v k thut c bn ca tng khu trong dy chuyn cng ngh ch to hn hp b tng nha trm
trn, phi c trang b qun o, knh, gng tay, dy bo h lao ng tu theo tng phn vic.
10.1.11 trm trn phi c y t thng trc, c bit l s cu khi b bng, c trang b y cc
dng c v thuc men m c quan y t quy nh.
10.2 Ti hin trng thi cng b tng nha
10.2.1 Trc khi thi cng phi t bin bo "Cng trng" u v cui on ng thi cng, b tr
ngi v bin bo hng dn ng trnh cho cc loi phng tin giao thng trn ng; quy nh
s chy n v chy i ca t vn chuyn hn hp, chiu sng khu vc thi cng nu lm m.
10.2.2 Cng nhn phc v theo my ri, phi c ng, gng tay, khu trang, qun o lao ng ph
hp vi cng vic phi i li trn hn hp c nhit cao.
10.2.3 Trc mi ca lm vic phi kim tra tt c cc my mc v thit b thi cng, sa cha iu
chnh my lm vic tt. Ghi vo s nht k thi cng v tnh trng v cc h hng ca my v bo
cho ngi ch o thi cng hin trng kp thi.
10.2.4 i vi my ri hn hp b tng nha phi ch kim tra s lm vic ca bng ti cp liu,
t nng tm l. Trc khi h phn treo ca my ri phi trng chng khng c ngi ng k
sau my ri.

26

TCVN 8819 : 2011

Ph lc A
(quy nh)

Hng dn thit k hn hp b tng nha


A.1 Thit k s b
A.1.1 Th nghim xc nh thnh phn ht ca tng loi vt liu: dm, ct v bt khong (sau khi
vt liu tho mn cc yu cu k thut tng ng quy nh ti 5.1; 5.2 v 4.3 ). Tnh gi tr thnh
phn ht trung bnh trn tng c sng ca dm, ct (trn c s 5 kt qu phn tch thnh phn
ht) v bt khong (trn c s 2 kt qu phn tch thnh phn ht).
A.1.2 Cn c vo kt qu thnh phn ht trung bnh trn tng c sng ca tng loi ct liu, tnh
ton t l phi hp gia cc loi ct liu la chn ng cong cp phi hn hp ct liu tho mn
yu cu ti Bng 1 hoc Bng 2 tng ng vi mi loi b tng nha thit k.
A.1.3 Cn c t l phi hp gia cc loi ct liu va chn ti A.1.2, chun b khong 25 kg hn hp
ct liu, sy kh, sng thnh cc c ht ring bit. Phi trn cc c ht li thnh 20 phn hn hp
ring bit, mi phn khong 1100 gam to thnh 5 t mu, mi t 4 mu khi th nghim theo
phng php Marshall thng thng. Vi loi b tng nha th nghim theo phng php Marshall
ci tin, chun b khi lng mu hn hp ct liu khong 80 kg phi trn thnh 20 phn hn hp
ring bit, mi phn khong 4000 g.
A.1.4 Cho nha ng vo trong t sy v gia nhit n nhit trn c quy nh (Bng 9). Cho
o
hn hp ct liu vo mt t sy khc v nung nng n nhit cao hn nhit trn l 15 C.
A.1.5 Trn 5 t mu hn hp ct liu (mi t 4 mu) vi 5 hm lng nha ng (tnh theo tng
khi lng hn hp b tng nha) thay i khc nhau 0,5% xung quanh hm lng nha ng
tham kho. Vi mi t mu, 3 mu s c m trong khun Marshall v 1 mu khng m s c
th nghim xc nh t trng ln nht v khi lng ring b tng nha.
A.1.6 Xc nh t trng ln nht ca b tng nha ca 5 mu hn hp b tng nha tng ng vi
5 t l nha ng.
CH THCH A1:
C th ch cn th nghim xc nh mt gi tr t trng ln nht ca hn hp BTN tng ng vi hm lng
nha ng ti u d kin (thng nm ti khang gia ca hm lng nha ng tham kho). Sau s
dng kt qu ny tnh cc gi tr t trng ln nht ca hn hp BTN ng vi cc hm lng nha ng
khc. Trng hp ny, ch cn ch to 2 mu hn hp BTN vi hm lng nha ng ti u d kin, th
nghim xc nh t trng ln nht v ly gi tr trung bnh.

A.1.7 m 5 t mu (mi t 3 mu) theo phng php Marshall vi s ln m quy nh (Bng 3


hoc Bng 4) tng ng vi 1 loi b tng nha thit k. Nhit m mu tun theo quy nh
(Bng 9).
A.1.8 Th nghim xc nh khi lng th tch b tng nha ca cc mu m. Tnh khi lng
3
th tch b tng nha trung bnh (g/cm ), rng d trung bnh (%), rng ct liu trung bnh (%)
cho mi t mu.

27

TCVN 8819 : 2011


o

A.1.9 Ngm mu m trong b n nhit nhit 60 C vi thi gian quy nh, sau nn trn
my nn Marshall xc nh n nh v do Marshall. Tnh gi tr n nh trung bnh,
do trung bnh cho mi t mu.
A.1.10 Chn hm lng nha ng ti u theo Marshall: t kt qu th nghim ca 5 t mu, thit
lp cc th quan h gia hm lng nha ng vi cc ch tiu: n nh trung bnh, do
trung bnh, rng d trung bnh, rng ct liu trung bnh, khi lng th tch trung bnh. Cn c
cc gi tr quy nh ti Bng 3 hoc Bng 4, xc nh khong hm lng nha ng tho mn cho
0
tng ch tiu: n nh 60 C, do, rng d, rng ct liu. Xc nh khong hm lng
nha ng tho mn tt c cc ch tiu trn. Gi tr hm lng nha ng nm gia khong hm
lng nha tho mn tt c cc ch tiu trn thng c chn lm hm lng nha ti u theo
Marshall. Vi b tng nha cht, nn chn hm lng nha ng ti u sao cho gi tr rng d
khong 4%. Xc nh gi tr khi lng th tch b tng nha tng ng vi hm lng nha ng
ti u lm c s tnh cht m nn K.
A.1.11 Chun b 2 mu hn hp b tng nha vi thnh phn ht nh A.1.2, vi hm lng nha
ng ti u xc nh ti A.1.10, c 2 mu Marshall xc nh n nh cn li v tnh n
nh cn li trung bnh ca 2 mu. Nu n nh cn li trung bnh tho mn yu cu quy nh ti
Bng 3 hoc Bng 4 tng ng vi loi b tng nha thit k th hm lng nha ng ti u
chn theo A.1.10 l hp l, chuyn sang giai on thit k hon chnh.
A.2 Thit k hon chnh
A.2.1 a bng ti cp dm v ct ca trm trn vo vn hnh. Thit lp ng cong quan h
gia tc cp liu (tn/gi) v tc bng ti (mt/pht) cho dm v ct. Xc nh gi tr m
ca vt liu a vo hiu chnh cho chnh xc. Khi thit lp ng cong quan h, phi c t nht 3
gi tr ng vi cc tc bng ti bng: 20 %, 50 % v 70 % ca tc ti a. Phi iu chnh sao
cho kch thc ca ca phu bng hoc ln hn 3 ln kch thc ht ln nht ca ct liu.
A.2.2 a ton b trm trn vo vn hnh th tng t nh khi sn xut i tr nhng ch khc l
khng trn ct liu vi nha ng v bt . Cn c vo kt qu ti A.2.1, tnh ton tc bng ti
cho dm, ct t c t l dm, ct xc nh ti A.1.2.
A.2.3 Khi trm trn trong trng thi hot ng n nh, ly mu ct liu t cc phu d tr ct
liu nng, ly mu bt khong phn tch thnh phn ht, tnh ton t l phi hp gia cc loi ct
liu sao cho ng cong cp phi hn hp ct liu tng t nh A.1.2. Tin hnh thit k mu theo
Marshall. Trnh t tin hnh th nghim xc nh ng cong cp phi v hm lng nha ng ti
u theo Marshall theo quy nh t A.1.1 n A.1.10.
A.2.4 Chun b 2 mu hn hp b tng nha vi thnh phn ht v hm lng nha ng ti u
chn theo A.2.3, c 2 mu Marshall xc nh n nh cn li v tnh n nh cn li trung
bnh ca 2 mu. Nu n nh cn li trung bnh tho mn yu cu quy nh Bng 3 hoc Bng 4
tng ng vi loi b tng nha thit k th hm lng nha ng ti u chn ti A.2.3 l hp
l, chuyn sang giai on sn xut th v ri th.
CH THCH A2:
i vi trm trn lin tc th thit k hon chnh cng chnh l thit k s b nn khng cn phi thc hin bc
A.2.3 v A.2.4 m tin hnh nh sau:
-

Thit lp ng cong quan h gia tc cp ct liu (tn/gi) vi tc bng ti (m/pht) cho tng loi
ct liu, tng t nh m t ti A.2.1.

Cn c vo kt qu ca thit k s b, iu chnh tc cc bng ti cho ph hp vi t l phi trn ca


mi loi ct liu.

Cho h thng cp ct liu hot ng, ch ti khi h thng hot ng n nh th tin hnh ly mu hn
hp ct liu trc khi a vo tang sy (cng chnh l thng trn). Nu cp phi ca mu hn hp ct liu
ny ph hp vi cp phi ca hn hp ct liu trong thit k s b th vic iu chnh tc bng ti t
yu cu kt thc giai on thit k hon chnh.

A.3 Xc lp cng thc ch to hn hp b tng nha


28

TCVN 8819 : 2011


A.3.1 Sn xut th: trn c s kt qu ca cng tc thit k hon chnh, sn xut th b tng nha
ti trm trn vi khi lng t 60 n 100 tn.
A.3.2 Kim tra cht lng hn hp b tng nha sn xut th: kim tra s ph hp ca thnh phn
ht, hm lng nha, ch tiu Marshall so vi thit k hon chnh.
A.3.3 Ri th: ri b tng nha trn on ng c chiu di ti thiu 100 m, chiu rng ti thiu 2
vt my ri. Trin khai phng n thi cng d kin: vt liu ti dnh bm, hoc thm bm; t l
ti dnh bm, hoc thm bm; thi gian cho php ri lp b tng nha sau khi ti vt liu dnh
bm hoc thm bm; chiu dy ri lp b tng nha cha lu ln; nhit ri; nhit lu ln bt u
v kt thc; s lu ln ca cc loi lu khc nhau, s lt lu cn thit t c cht lu ln.
A.3.4 Kim tra cht lng b tng nha sau ri th: cht lu ln, chiu dy, bng phng,
nhm b mt sau khi thi cng.
A.3.5 Nu kt qu th nghim trong phng v hin trng ch ra rng hn hp b tng nha khi sn
xut th ph hp vi cc yu cu k thut quy nh ti Bng 3 hoc Bng 4 tng ng vi loi
BTNC, BTNR, v c th thi cng bng cc phng tin hin c, m bo yu cu v cht, chiu
dy, bng phng... th Nh thu trnh cng thc ch to b tng nha (theo hng dn ti 6.3.3)
T vn v Ch u t ph duyt.

29

TCVN 8819 : 2011

Ph lc B
(tham kho)

Hng dn chuyn i kch c sng trong phng th nghim


v kch c sng tng ng ti trm trn

30

Kch c sng th nghim


(mm)

Kch c sng ca trm trn (mm)

2,36

2,5

4,75

9,5

11

12,5

14

19.0

22

25,0

29

31,5

35

37,5

41

50

57

TCVN

TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN 8820 : 2011

Xut bn ln 1

HN HP B TNG NHA NNGTHIT K THEO PHNG PHP MARSHALL


Standard Practice for Asphalt Concrete Mix Design
Using Marshall Method

H NI 2011

TCVN 8820 : 2011

Mc lc

1 Phm vi p dng.................................................................................................................................5
2 Ti liu vin dn..................................................................................................................................5
3 Thut ng, nh ngha.........................................................................................................................6
4 Phn loi b tng nha........................................ ..............................................................................8
5 Nguyn tc thit k hn hp b tng nha theo phng php Marshall............................................9
6 Cn c thit k hn hp b tng nha theo phng php Marshall.................................................9
7 Cc giai on v ni dung thit k hn hp b tng nha ...............................................................10
8 Trnh t thit k hn hp b tng nha theo phng php Marshall................................................13
9 Yu cu chung i vi Phng th nghim hin trng.......................................................................25
Ph lc A (tham kho). Hng dn thit k phi trn ct liu................................................................27
Ph lc B (tham kho). Tnh cc c tnh th tch ca hn hp b tng nha. Bo co kt qu thit k
hn hp b tng nha theo phng php Marshall............... ...............................................................34

TCVN 8820 : 2011

Li ni u

TCVN 8820: 2011 do Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh Giao thng Vn ti bin
son, B Giao thng Vn ti ngh, Tng cc Tiu chun o lng cht
lng thm nh, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh cng b.

TCVN 8820 : 2011

TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN 8820 : 2011

Hn hp b tng nha nng-Thit k theo phng php Marshall


Standard Practice for Asphalt Concrete Mix Design Using Marshall Method

1 Phm vi p dng
1.1 Tiu chun ny a ra trnh t hng dn thit k hn hp b tng nha nng theo phng php
Marshall.
1.2 Tiu chun ny p dng vi loi hn hp b tng nha cht, s dng cht kt dnh l nha ng
thng thng (bitum) hoc nha ng ci thin (nha ng polime).
1.3 Vi loi hn hp b tng nha cp phi gin on, cp phi h, hn hp -nha (stone matrix
asphalt), ngoi vic p dng tiu chun ny thit k hn hp, cn p dng cc tiu chun b sung lin
quan c quy nh trong tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng b tng nha tng ng.
1.4 Cc yu cu k thut lm c s chp thun thit k hn hp b tng nha nng c quy nh c
th trong tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng b tng nha.

2 Ti liu vin dn
Cc ti liu vin dn sau rt cn thit cho vic p dng tiu chun ny. i vi cc ti liu vin dn ghi
nm ban hnh th p dng bn c nu. i vi cc ti liu vin dn khng ghi nm ban hnh th p
dng phin bn mi nht, bao gm c cc sa i.
TCVN 7572-2: 2006 Ct liu b tng v va-Phng php th- Phn 2: Xc nh thnh phn ht.
TCVN 7501:2005 Bitum- Phng php xc nh khi lng ring (phng php Picnometer).
TCVN 8860-1: 2011 B tng nha-Phng php th-Phn 1: Xc nh n nh, do Marshall.
TCVN 8860-4: 2011 B tng nha-Phng php th-Phn 4: Xc nh t trng ri ln nht, khi lng
ring ca b tng nha trng thi ri.
TCVN 8860-5: 2011 B tng nha-Phng php th-Phn 5: Xc nh t trng khi, khi lng th tch
ca b tng nha m nn.
TCVN 8860-9: 2011 B tng nha-Phng php th-Phn 9: Xc nh rng d.
TCVN 8860-10: 2011 B tng nha-Phng php th-Phn 10: Xc nh rng ct liu.
TCVN 8860-11: 2011 B tng nha-Phng php th-Phn 11: Xc nh rng lp y nha.
TCVN 8860-12: 2011 B tng nha-Phng php th-Phn 12: Xc nh n nh cn li ca b tng
nha.
TCVN 8819 : 2011 Mt ng b tng nha nng-Yu cu thi cng v nghim thu.
5

TCVN 8820 : 2011


TCVN 4195:1995 t xy dng-Phng php xc nh khi lng ring trong phng th nghim.
AASHTO T 84-2000 Standard Method of Test for Specific Gravity and Absorption of Fine Aggregate (Xc
nh t trng v hp ph ca ct liu ht nh).
AASHTO T 85-2000 Standard Method of Test for Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
(Xc nh t trng v hp ph ca ct liu ht ln).

3 Thut ng, nh ngha


3.1 Hn hp b tng nha nng (Hot mix asphalt-HMA )
Hn hp bao gm cc ct liu ( dm, ct, bt khong) c t l phi trn xc nh, c sy nng v
trn u vi nhau, sau c trn vi nha ng theo t l thit k. Sau y c gi tt l BTN.
3.2 B tng nha cp phi cht (Dense-graded HMA )
Loi BTN s dng cp phi ct liu c lng ht th, ht trung gian v ht mn gn tng ng nhau,
to iu kin khi m nn cc ht ct liu d cht kht vi nhau nht. Thng c gi l BTN cht.
BTN cht c rng d nh, thng t 3-6%.
3.3 B tng nha cp phi gin on (Gap-graded HMA )
Loi BTN s dng cp phi ct liu c lng ht th v lng ht mn ln, nhng lng ht trung gian rt
nh. ng cong cp phi ct liu ca loi BTN ny c xu th gn nm ngang ti vng c ht trung gian.
Cp phi ct liu ny to kh nng cc ht ct liu th chn mc tt vi nhau, tuy nhin c xu th d
b phn tng trong qu trnh ri. BTN cp phi gin on thng c rng d ln hn so vi BTN cht.
3.4 B tng nha cp phi h (Open-graded HMA )
Loi BTN s dng cp phi ct liu cp phi c lng ht mn chim mt t l nh trong hn hp. ng
cong cp phi loi ny c xu th gn thng ng ti vng ht ct liu trung gian, gn nm ngang v c
gi tr gn bng khng (0) ti vng ht ct liu mn. Loi BTN ny c rng d ln do khng lng
ht mn lp y l rng gia cc ht th. Thng c gi l BTN rng. BTN rng c rng d ln nht
so vi BTN cht v BTN cp phi gin on.
Loi BTN rng lm lp mng (base course), thng khng s dng bt khong, c rng d t 7% n
12%.
3.5 B tng nha c nhm cao, tng kh nng khng trt
Loi BTN s dng lm lp ph mt ng, c tc dng ngn nga hin tng vng nc gy ra khi xe
chy vi tc cao, tng kh nng khng trt mt ng v gim ng k ting n khi xe chy.
Thng s dng loi BTN rng, c rng d 15-22% (Open graded friction course OGFC hoc Porous
friction course-PFC) hoc BTN cp phi gin on, c rng d 10-15% (Very thin friction course-VTO).
Cn s dng nha ng ci thin ch to loi BTN ny.
3.6 Hn hp - va nha (Stone matrix asphalt hoc Stone mastic asphalt -SMA)
L loi BTN s dng cp phi gin on. Hn hp BTN ny bao gm nha ng, ct liu v ct si
(fiber). SMA thng s dng lng bt khong v nha ng nhiu hn so vi BTN cp phi cht.
rng d ca SMA c phm vi rng, t 2-8%, ty thuc vo vic s dng SMA lm lp mt hoc lp mng.
3.7 C ht ln nht ca ct liu (Maximum size of aggregate)

TCVN 8820 : 2011


C sng nh nht m lng lt qua c sng l 100%.
Trong tiu chun ny s dng b sng mt vung th nghim thnh phn ht ct liu.
3.8 C ht ln nht danh nh ca ct liu (Nominal maximum size of aggregate)
C sng ln nht m lng st ring bit trn c sng khng ln hn 10%.
3.9 Ct liu th (Coarse aggregate)
Ct liu hu ht c kch c nm trn sng 4,75 mm; l sn phm khong nghin t tng, sn phm
thin nhin (cui si). Cn c gi l dm.
3.10 Ct liu mn (Fine aggregate)
Ct liu c kch c lt qua sng 4,75 mm v hu ht nm trn sng 0,075 mm; l sn phm khong thin
nhin (ct t nhin) hoc sn phm nghin t tng (ct xay). Cn c gi l ct.
3.11 Bt khong (Mineral filler)
Sn phm c nghin mn t cc b nt ( vi can xit, olomit ...), t x baz ca l luyn kim hoc
l xi mng, c t nht 70% lt qua sng 0,075 mm.
3.12 Hm lng nha (Asphalt content)
Lng nha ng trong hn hp BTN. C hai cch biu th hm lng nha, hoc tnh theo phn trm
ca tng khi lng hn hp BTN (ct liu th, ct liu mn, bt khong, nha ng), hoc tnh theo
phn trm tng khi lng ct liu (ct liu th, ct liu mn, bt khong).
Cch biu th hm lng nha theo phn trm ca tng khi lng hn hp BTN, k hiu l Pb, c p

dng ph bin trn th gii v c s dng trong Tiu chun ny.


3.13 Hm lng nha ti u (Optimum asphalt content)
Hm lng nha c xc nh khi thit k BTN, ng vi mt t l phi trn ct liu chn, v tha
mn tt c cc yu cu k thut quy nh vi ct liu v BTN c ch ra ti Tiu chun thi cng v
nghim thu mt ng BTN.
3.14 Hm lng nha hp ph (Absorbed Asphalt Content)
Lng nha b ct liu hp ph vo trong cc l rng b mt ht ct liu, c biu th bng t l phn
trm khi lng ca hn hp ct liu; k hiu l Pba.
3.15 Hm lng nha c hiu (Effective Asphalt Content)
Hm lng nha c hiu ca hn hp BTN c tnh bng lng nha c trong hn hp BTN tr i
lng nha b hp ph vo ht ct liu, k hiu l Pbe. Hm lng nha c hiu c biu th bng phn
trm khi lng ca hn hp BTN. Lng nha c hiu to nn lp ph b ngoi cc ht ct liu v l
lng nha chi phi cc c tnh c l ca hn hp BTN.
3.16 T trng ln nht (Maximum Specific Gravity)
T trng ca hn hp BTN khi hn hp khng c rng d ( rng d bng 0), c k hiu l
Gmm.
3.17 T trng khi (Bulk Specific Gravity)

TCVN 8820 : 2011


T s gia khi lng ca BTN m nn so vi khi lng nc c cng th tch cng nhit .
3.18 Khi lng th tch (Unit Weight)
Khi lng ca mt n v th tch BTN m nn.
3.19 rng d (Air Voids)
Tng th tch ca tt c cc bt kh nh nm gia cc ht ct liu c bc nha trong hn hp BTN
m nn. rng d c biu th bng phn trm ca th tch mu hn hp BTN m nn, k
hiu l Va. Cn c gi l rng.
3.20 rng ct liu (Voids in the Mineral Aggregate)
Th tch ca khong trng gia cc ht ct liu ca hn hp BTN m nn, th tch ny bao gm
rng d v th tch nha c hiu. rng ct liu c biu th bng phn trm ca th tch mu hn
hp BTN m nn, k hiu l VMA.
3.21 rng lp y nha (Voids Filled with Asphalt)
Th tch ca khong trng gia cc ht ct liu (VMA) b phn nha c hiu lp y. rng lp y
nha c biu th bng phn trm ca th tch nha c hiu chia cho rng ct liu (VMA), k hiu l
VFA.

4 Phn loi b tng nha


Mt s cch phn loi chnh c nu di y
4.1 Phn loi theo c ht danh nh ln nht ca ct liu
Theo cch phn loi ny, BTN thng c phn thnh cc loi c c ht danh nh ln nht l: 37,5
mm; 25,0 mm; 19,0 mm; 12,5 mm; 9,5 mm v 4,75 mm (tng ng vi vic phn loi theo c ht ln nht
l 50 mm; 37,5 mm; 25,0 mm; 19,0 mm; 12,5 mm v 9,5 mm).
4.2 Phn loi theo c tnh ca cp phi hn hp ct liu
Theo c tnh ca cp phi ct liu, BTN thng c phn thnh cc loi:
a) BTN c cp phi cht (dense graded mix);
b) BTN c cp phi gin on (gap graded mix);
c) BTN c cp phi h (open graded mix).
4.3 Phn loi theo rng d
Theo rng d, BTN thng c phn thnh cc loi:
-

BTN cht, c rng d t 3% - 6%.

BTN rng, bao gm cc loi BTN c rng d ln hn 6 %.

4.4 Phn loi theo v tr v cng nng trong kt cu mt ng


Theo v tr v cng nng trong kt cu mt ng, BTN thng c phn thnh cc loi:

BTN c nhm cao, tng kh nng khng trt: s dng cho ng t cp cao, ng cao tc,
cc on ng nguy him. Lp BTN ny c ph trn mt BTN, ngay sau khi thi cng cc lp
BTN pha di hoc c ph sau ny, khi nng cp mt ng.

TCVN 8820 : 2011


-

BTN dng lm lp mt (surface course mixture), bao gm:


+

BTN dng lm lp mt trn (wearing course mixture): thng s dng BTN cht.

BTN dng lm lp mt di (binder course mixture): thng s dng BTN cht.

BTN dng lm lp mng (base course mixture): loi BTN cht v BTN rng u c th s dng lm
lp mng. BTN rng c gi thnh thp hn do khng cn s dng bt khong v hm lng nha
thp hn so vi BTN cht.

BTN ct (sand-asphalt mixture): s dng lm lp mt ti khu vc c ti trng xe khng ln, va h, ln


dnh cho xe p, xe th s. C th s dng lm 1 lp b vnh mng trc khi ri lp BTN ln
trn. Ct liu s dng cho BTN ct l ct nghin, ct t nhin hoc hn hp ca hai loi ct ny.

5 Nguyn tc thit k hn hp BTN theo phng php Marshall


Cng tc thit k hn hp BTN theo phng php Marshall nhm mc ch tm ra hm lng nha ti u
ng vi hn hp ct liu chn. Vic thit k phi tun th cc yu cu sau:
-

Tt c cc vt liu s dng ( dm, ct, bt khong, nha ng) u phi tho mn cc ch tiu
c l theo quy nh ca Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN.

ng cong cp phi ca hn hp ct liu sau khi phi trn phi nm trong gii hn ca ng bao
cp phi quy nh ti Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN.

Hm lng nha ti u la chn phi tha mn cc ch tiu lin quan n c tnh th tch ( rng
d, rng ct liu...), cc ch tiu th nghim theo Marshall ( n nh, do...) v cc ch tiu b
sung nu c theo quy nh ca Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN.

6 Cn c thit k hn hp BTN theo phng php Marshall


6.1 Trong Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN c quy nh cc ni dung sau, l c s
thit k hn hp BTN v la chn hm lng nha ti u:
-

Yu cu k thut ca cc ch tiu c l ca ct liu th ( dm); ct liu mn (ct); bt khong (vi


loi BTN c s dng bt khong).

Gii hn ng bao cp phi hn hp ct liu: kch c sng, gii hn lng lt qua sng (cn trn,
cn di) ng vi tng c sng.

Loi nha ng ph hp v yu cu k thut cc ch tiu c l ca nha ng. Khong hm lng


nha tham kho (tnh theo phn trm ca tng khi lng hn hp BTN).

Nhit trn hn hp BTN v nhit c mu hn hp BTN theo phng php Marshall.

Phng php m mu Marshall (Marshall tiu chun, Marshall ci tin), s chy m/mt.

Yu cu k thut ca cc ch tiu v c tnh th tch ca mu BTN m theo Marshall: rng d


(Va); rng ct liu (VMA), rng lp y nha (VFA)...

Yu cu k thut ca cc ch tiu ca mu BTN theo Marshall: n nh (Stability), do (Flow),


n nh Marshall cn li.

TCVN 8820 : 2011


-

Yu cu k thut ca mt s cc ch tiu khc lin quan n cht lng vt liu, cht lng BTN (nu
trong Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN c quy nh).

6.2 Vic thit k hn hp BTN theo phng php Marshall phi tha mn cc ch tiu quy nh nu trn.

7 Cc giai on v ni dung thit k hn hp BTN


Cng tc thit k hn hp BTN lin quan rt mt thit vi tin thi cng ca cng trnh. Cng tc thit
k hn hp BTN c chia lm 4 giai on:
-

Giai on 1: Thit k s b (Preliminary design hoc cold bin mix design);

Giai on 2: Thit k hon chnh (hot bin mix design);

Giai on 3: Ph duyt cng thc ch to BTN sau khi ri th (Job-mix formula verification);

Giai on 4: Kim sot cht lng hng ngy (Routine construction control).

Mi giai on trong qu trnh thit k u c vai tr ring; nhng tt c cc giai on u quan trng v
khng th b qua bt c giai on no. Cc ni dung thit k hn hp BTN cho mi giai on c tm
tt ti Hnh 1.
7.1 Giai on thit k s b (Giai on 1)
7.1.1 Mc ch chnh ca cng tc thit k s b l xc nh cht lng ca cc loi ct liu sn c ti
ni thi cng; i chiu vi cc yu cu k thut xem c ph hp hay khng; liu rng c th s dng
nhng ct liu ny sn xut ra BTN t yu cu v thnh phn ht v cc ch tiu quy nh vi hn
hp BTN hay khng.
7.1.2 Trng hp ti ni thi cng c nhiu ngun vt liu th phi tin hnh nhiu thit k vi cc ngun
vt liu khc nhau t la chn ra 1 hn hp ct liu c gi thnh thp nht ng thi tha mn
c tt c cc yu cu k thut ra.
7.1.3 Giai on ny s dng mu vt liu ly ti ngun cung cp hoc phu ngui ca trm trn thit
k. Thnh phn ht ca hn hp ct liu thng c chn nm gia min gii hn ca biu thnh
phn ht quy nh trong Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN.
7.1.4 Trnh t thit k hn hp BTN: tin hnh theo 7 bc (Hnh 1), chi tit xem ti Phn 8.
7.1.5 ngha ca giai on thit k s b:
-

Khng nh s ph hp ca ct liu v hn hp BTN s dng cc loi ct liu ny i vi cc yu cu


k thut ca cng trnh. Giai on ny c bit c ngha nu nh trc y cha c s liu no v
cc ngun ct liu sn c ti ni thi cng;

L c s tnh gi thnh xy dng;

Lm cn c tin hnh giai on thit k hon chnh.

7.2 Giai on thit k hon chnh (Giai on 2)


7.2.1 Mc ch ca giai on thit k ny l tm ra thnh phn ht thc ca hn hp ct liu v hm
lng nha thc khi sn xut hn hp BTN ti trm trn. Thnh phn ht ca ct liu trong giai on ny
phi c thit k sao cho tng t nh thnh phn ht ca giai on thit k s b.
7.2.2 Giai on ny c tin hnh sau khi c kt qu thit k s b.

10

TCVN 8820 : 2011


7.2.3 Trnh t thit k hn hp BTN: theo 7 bc (Hnh 1), tng t nh giai on thit k s b, ch
khc ch s dng ct liu ly t phu nng ca trm trn th nghim v thit k.

Giai on 1
Thit k
s b

Giai on 2
Thit k
hon chnh

Giai on 3
Ph duyt cng
thc ch to
hn hp BTN

Giai on 4
Kim sot
cht lng
hng ngy

Ct liu ngui

Ct liu nng

Bc 1:
Th nghim cc ch
tiu c l ca ct
liu v nha ng

Bc 1:
Th nghim cc ch
tiu c l ca ct
liu

Bc 1:
Sn xut th hn
hp BTN ti trm trn

Bc 1:
Th nghim kim tra
hn hp BTN trc
khi ri

Bc 2:
Tnh t l phi trn
cc ct liu

Bc 2:
Tnh t l phi trn
cc ct liu

Bc 2:
Ri th hn hp
BTN ti hin trng

Bc 2:
Th nghim kim tra
hn hp BTN sau
khi ri

Bc 3:
Chun b mu hn
hp ct liu

Bc 3:
Chun b mu hn
hp ct liu

Bc 3:
Th nghim kim tra
hn hp BTN trc
khi ri

Bc 3:
Nghim thu

Bc 4:
Trn ct liu vi
nha ng, c
mu Marshall

Bc 4:
Trn ct liu vi
nha ng, c
mu Marshall

Bc 4:
Th nghim kim tra
hn hp BTN sau
khi ri

Bc 5:
Th nghim, tnh
ton cc ch tiu c
tnh th tch ca hn
hp BTN

Bc 5:
Th nghim cc ch
tiu c tnh th tch
ca hn hp BTN

Bc 5:
Ph duyt cng thc
ch to hn hp
BTN

Bc 6:
Th nghim n
nh v do
Marshall

Bc 6:
Th nghim n
nh v do
Marshall

Bc 7:
Xc nh hm lng
nha ti u

Bc 7:
Xc nh hm lng
nha ti u

Hnh 1: Cc giai on v trnh t thit k hn hp BTN

11

TCVN 8820 : 2011


7.2.4 Ngay trc khi tin hnh thit k hon chnh, phi tin hnh hiu chun cc phu ngui ca trm
trn BTN v thit lp biu quan h gia tc cp ct liu ngui v tc ca bng ti. Cch tin
hnh nh sau:
-

iu chnh sao cho kch thc ca ca phu bng hoc ln hn 3 ln kch thc ht ln nht ca ct
liu.

Vn hnh bng ti cp dm v ct ca trm trn vi cc tc bng ti bng: 20 %, 50 % v 70 %


ca tc ti a. Thit lp ng cong quan h gia tc cp liu (tn/gi) v tc bng ti
(mt/pht) cho dm v ct.

Da trn kt qu thit lp ng cong quan h tc cp liu-tc bng ti, tnh ton tc bng
ti cho dm, cho ct t c cc t l dm, ct theo kt qu phi trn ti Bc 2 ca giai
on thit k s b (Hnh 1).

a ton b trm trn vo vn hnh vi tc bng ti tnh ton cho dm v ct (tng t nh


khi sn xut i tr nhng ch khc l khng trn ct liu vi nha ng v bt khong).

Khi trm trn trong trng thi hot ng n nh, ly mu ct liu t cc phu d tr ct liu
nng (ct liu t mi phu nng c coi l 1 loi ct liu), ly mu bt khong phn tch thnh
phn ht. Tnh ton t l phi hp gia cc loi ct liu tng t nh Bc 2 ca giai on thit k
s b. iu chnh tc ca bng ti cho ph hp sao cho ng cong cp phi hn hp ct liu
tng t nh kt qu ca Bc 2 ca giai on thit k s b.

7.2.5 ngha ca giai on thit k hon chnh:


-

Chng minh kh nng c th sn xut c hn hp BTN ti trm trn;

Hn hp BTN sn xut ra ph hp vi cc yu cu k thut ca cng trnh;

Lm cn c tin hnh sn xut th v ri th.

7.2.6 Nu s liu trong phng th nghim ch ra rng hn hp BTN tha mn cc yu cu k thut


ra th tin hnh sn xut th hn hp BTN ti trm trn v ri th ngoi hin trng.
7.3 Giai on ph duyt cng thc ch to BTN (Giai on 3)
7.3.1 Giai on ny bao gm 5 bc nh sau (Hnh 1):
-

Bc 1: Sn xut th Trn c s kt qu ca giai on thit k hon chnh, sn xut khong t 60


n 100 tn hn hp BTN ti trm trn.

Bc 2: Ri th ly lng hn hp BTN va trn th ri 1 on di t 200 n 300 m.

Bc 3: Kim tra hn hp BTN va trn th (th nghim trong phng i vi hn hp sn xut ti


trm trn)

Bc 4: Kim tra hn hp BTN sau khi ri th ngoi hin trng.

Bc 5: Ph duyt cng thc ch to BTN.

7.3.2 Nu kt qu th nghim trong phng v hin trng ch ra rng hn hp BTN khi sn xut th ph
hp vi cc yu cu k thut quy nh ti Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN v c tnh
cng tc ph hp, c th thi cng bng cc phng tin hin c, m bo yu cu v cht, bng
phng, kch thc hnh hc... th y l thi im Nh thu trnh cng thc ch to BTN T vn v
Ch u t ph duyt. Cng thc ch to BTN bao gm cc ni dung sau:
12

TCVN 8820 : 2011


-

Ngun ct liu v nha ng dng cho hn hp BTN;

Kt qu th nghim cc ch tiu c l ca nha ng, ct liu dm, ct, bt khong ph hp vi


quy nh trong Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN;

Thnh phn cp phi ca hn hp ct liu;

T l ca cc loi ct liu: dm, ct, bt khong ti phu ngui, phu nng;

Kt qu thit k hn hp BTN v hm lng nha ti u;

Cc gi tr nhit thi cng quy nh: trn, x hn hp ra khi my trn, vn chuyn ti cng trng,
khi ri, khi lu;

Phng n thi cng ngoi hin trng nh: chiu dy lp BTN cha lu ln, s lu, s lt lu trn 1
im, nhm mt ng...

7.3.3 Cng thc ch to BTN c ph duyt trn l c s cho ton b cc cng tc tip theo, t sn
xut, thi cng, nghim thu n thanh quyt ton gia Nh thu vi Ch u t sau ny.
7.4 Kim sot cht lng hng ngy trong qu trnh sn xut v thi cng (Giai on 4)
Cng tc kim sot cht lng hng ngy bao gm 2 bc nh sau (Hnh 1):
-

Bc 1: Kim sot cht lng trong qu trnh sn xut, vic kim sot cht lng ti bc ny tng
t nh Bc 3 ca giai on ph duyt cng thc ch to BTN.

Bc 2: Kim sot cht lng sau khi thi cng - tng t nh Bc 4 ca giai on ph duyt cng
thc ch to BTN.

7.4.1 Kim sot cht lng trong qu trnh sn xut


7.4.1.1 Mc ch ca giai on ny l nhm kim sot s n nh v cht lng BTN, m bo dung sai
ca cp phi ht ct liu v hm lng nha so vi cng thc ch to hn hp BTN nm trong gii hn
quy nh ti Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN.
7.4.1.2 Cng tc ny c tin hnh theo 1 k hoch nh sn, vi tn sut ly mu kim tra nht
nh. Mu ct liu nng v hn hp BTN c ly ti trm trn. Mc ch ca cng tc ny l kim tra hn
hp BTN sn xut hng ngy sau so snh vi Cng thc ch to BTN c ph duyt pht
hin ra nhng thay i bt thng, t c nhng iu chnh cho thch hp.
7.4.1.3 Khi pht hin ra nhng thay i qu ln (cht lng ngun vt liu u vo, bin i ln v cht
lng ca vt liu...) vt qu kh nng iu chnh ca trm trn th phi tin hnh thit k li hn hp
BTN v xc lp li cng thc ch to hn hp BTN.
7.4.1.4 Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN s quy nh chi tit tn sut ly mu kim tra,
ch tiu kim tra cho giai on ny.
7.4.2 Kim sot cht lng sau khi thi cng
7.4.2.1 Cng tc ny bao gm rt nhiu hng mc khc nhau, trong vic khoan mu xc nh
cht lin quan trc tip n cng tc thit k hn hp BTN.
7.4.2.2 Cng tc ny cng chnh l c s tin hnh nghim thu cng trnh.

13

TCVN 8820 : 2011


7.4.2.3 Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng b tng nha s quy nh chi tit ch tiu kim tra,
mt kim tra cho giai on ny.

8 Trnh t thit k hn hp BTN theo phng php Marshall


Trnh t thit k hn hp BTN theo Marshall c tin hnh theo 7 bc c chi tit di y.
8.1 Th nghim xc nh cc ch tiu c l ca ct liu v nha ng
Tin hnh th nghim xc nh cc ch tiu c l ca dm, ct, bt khong, nha ng. i chiu vi
yu cu quy nh ti Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN nh gi cht lng. Nu vt
liu no khng cht lng quy nh phi c bin php thay th.
8.2 Phi trn cc ct liu
8.2.1 Mc ch ca cng tc phi trn ct liu l phi tm ra t l cc nhm ct liu ( dm, ct, bt
khong) hin c hn hp ct liu sau khi phi trn c thnh phn ht nm trong gii hn ng bao
cp phi hn hp ct liu quy nh trong Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN.
8.2.2 Cc loi ct liu: dm, ct, bt khong c sn xut ring. Vi dm, cn s dng 2 hoc 3
nhm c ht thit k ty thuc vo kch c ht danh nh ln nht ca hn hp BTN. V vy cn thit
phi phi trn tm ra hn hp ct liu ph hp.
8.2.3 Tin hnh phn tch thnh phn ht cc nhm ct liu: dm, ct, bt khong vi cc c sng
quy nh trong Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN.
8.2.4 Tnh ton tm ra t l phi trn gia cc nhm ct liu (tnh theo phn trm tng khi lng ct
liu) sao cho cp phi hn hp ct liu thit k nm trong gii hn ng bao cp phi quy nh ti Tiu
chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN. ng cong cp phi hn hp ct liu thit k phi u
n, khng c thay i t gii hn di ca mt c sng ln gii hn trn ca c sng k tip hoc
ngc li.
8.2.5 Nguyn l tnh ton phi trn c chi tit ti Ph lc A. Vic tnh ton phi trn c th c tin
hnh bng cch p dng cng thc ton, bng bng tnh Microsoft Excel hoc bng phn mm chuyn
dng (xem Ph lc A).
8.3 Chun b mu hn hp ct liu c mu Marshall
8.3.1 S lng mu ct liu cn thit:
-

c mu Marshall, xc nh t trng khi ca BTN v th nghim Marshall: 15 mu (5 t mu, mi


t 3 mu);

xc nh t trng ln nht ca hn hp BTN: 5 mu nu xc nh theo cch th nht (xem ti


8.5.5.1) hoc 2 mu nu xc nh theo cch th hai (xem ti 8.5.5.2).

kim tra cc ch tiu c l ca mu BTN sau khi bit hm lng nha ti u: 3 mu.

xc nh n nh Marshall cn li ca mu BTN sau khi bit hm lng nha ti u: 2 mu.

kim tra cc ch tiu BTN b sung sau khi bit hm lng nha ti u: s lng mu theo quy
nh ca Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN.

8.3.2 Chun b ct liu: cn c s lng mu cn thit, chun b lng hn hp ct liu, sy kh,


sng thnh cc c ht ring bit, sau phi trn cc c ht li to thnh cc mu hn hp ct liu
ring bit:
14

TCVN 8820 : 2011


-

Trng hp th nghim theo phng php Marshall thng thng: lng hn hp ct liu cho mi
mu khong 1200 g;

Trng hp th nghim theo theo phng php Marshall ci tin: lng hn hp ct liu cho mi mu
khong 4000 g.

8.4 Trn ct liu vi nha ng, m mu Marshall


8.4.1 D on hm lng nha ti u
8.4.1.1 thit k hn hp BTN, cn phi ch to 5 t mu hn hp BTN vi 5 gi tr hm lng nha
cch nhau 0,5 %. Vic chn c gi tr hm lng nha gia 5 gi tr hm lng nha, qua tnh
c 4 gi tr hm lng nha cn li l cn thit. Hm lng nha c chn ny cn phi tha mn
iu kin sao cho hm lng nha ti u xc nh c nm trong khong gia ca 5 gi tr hm lng
nha ca mu BTN th nghim. Hm lng nha c chn ny gi l hm lng nha ti u d on.
8.4.1.2 Trng hp trong Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN c a ra khong hm
lng nha ng tham kho th hm lng nha ng ti u d on c chn nm trong khong
hm lng nha ng tham kho .
8.4.1.3 Trng hp Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN khng a ra khong hm
lng nha ng tham kho, cn thit phi xc nh hm lng nha ti u d on. C th xc nh
hm lng nha ti u d on theo cng thc sau:
P = 0,035a + 0,045b + Kc + F
Trong :
-

P l hm lng nha ti u d on (tnh theo % tng khi lng hn hp BTN);

a l phn trm ct liu nm trn sng 2,36mm, a vo di dng s nguyn (v d 22,3 % th ghi
l 22);

b l phn trm ct liu lt sng 2,36mm v nm trn sng 0,075mm; a vo di dng s


nguyn;

c l phn trm ct liu lt sng 0,075mm; a vo di dng s thp phn (v d 6,25% th ghi l
6,25);

K chn l 0,15 nu lng lt sng 0,075mm t 11 n 15%; K chn l 0,18 nu lng lt sng
0,075mm t 6 n 10%; K chn l 0,20 nu lng lt sng 0,075mm t 0 n 5%;

F chn gi tr t 0,2 n 0,6 ph thuc vo hp ph nha ng ca ct liu th. Ct liu c


hp ph nha (hoc hp ph nc) nh th chn gi tr thp v ngc li.

8.4.2 Trn ct liu vi nha ng


8.4.2.1 Xc nh s lng mu BTN cn thit (theo 8.3) tin hnh chun b mu nha ng v trn
mu hn hp BTN, bao gm:
-

c mu Marshall, xc nh t trng khi ca BTN v th nghim Marshall: Trn 5 t mu ct liu (mi


t 3 mu) vi 5 hm lng nha thay i khc nhau 0,5 % xung quanh gi tr hm lng nha ti u
d on.

15

TCVN 8820 : 2011


-

Xc nh t trng ln nht ca hn hp BTN: Trn 5 mu ct liu vi 5 hm lng nha nu xc nh


theo cch th nht (theo 8.5.5.1) hoc 2 mu vi hm lng nha ti u d kin nu xc nh theo
cch th hai (theo 8.5.5.2).

Kim tra cc ch tiu c l ca mu BTN ng vi hm lng nha ti u: Trn 3 mu ct liu vi hm


lng nha ti u bit (trn c s thit k hn hp BTN).

Xc nh n nh Marshall cn li ca mu BTN ng vi hm lng nha ti u: Trn 2 mu ct


liu vi hm lng nha ti u bit.

Kim tra cc ch tiu BTN b sung ng vi hm lng nha ti u: s lng mu BTN theo quy nh
ca Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN.

8.4.2.2 Vic trn hn hp ct liu vi nha ng c tin hnh theo trnh t sau:
-

Cn xc nh khi lng ca cc mu nha ng vi hm lng nha chn (tnh theo % khi


lng hn hp BTN).

Cho mu nha ng vo trong t sy v gia nhit n nhit trn c quy nh trong Tiu chun
thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN.

Cho mu ct liu vo mt t sy khc v nung nng n nhit cao hn nhit trn l 15 C.

Trn ct liu vi nha.

8.4.3 m mu Marshall
8.4.3.1 Thit b m mu Marshall, dng c th nghim, trnh t m mu theo quy nh ti TCVN
8860-1:2011.
8.4.3.2 5 t mu hn hp BTN (mi t 3 mu) trn ln lt c a vo khun m mu. Chiu
cao ca mu hn hp BTN sau khi m trong khun phi trong khong quy nh (63,5 mm 1,3 mm khi
m theo Marshall thng thng hoc 95,2 mm 1,8 mm khi m theo Marshall ci tin). Thng thng,
hn hp ct liu c khi lng khong 1200 g (khi m theo phng php Marshall thng thng) hoc
khong 4000 g (khi m theo phng php Marshall ci tin) s cho mu c c chiu cao ph hp.
8.4.3.3 Trng hp chiu cao mu khng nm trong khong quy nh th iu chnh lng ct liu cn
thit c mu nh sau:
A x Lng ct liu s dng (g)
Lng ct liu cn thit, g =
Chiu cao mu ng vi lng ct liu s dng (mm)
Trong :
-

A bng 63, 5 mm khi m theo Marshall thng thng.

A bng 95,2 mm khi m theo Marshall ci tin.

8.4.3.4 Nhit m to mu Marshall c quy nh ti Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu BTN, ph
thuc vo loi nha ng (bitum) s dng.
8.5 Th nghim v tnh ton cc ch tiu c tnh th tch ca hn hp BTN
Cc th nghim v cc ch tiu tnh ton cn thit lin quan n c tnh th tch phc v thit k hn hp
BTN tun theo trnh t sau:
16

TCVN 8820 : 2011


1) Th nghim xc nh t trng ca nha ng theo TCVN 7501:2005. C th xc nh trc
(xem ti Mc 8.1).
2) Th nghim xc nh t trng ct liu th (theo AASHTO T 85-2000; t trng ca ct liu mn
(theo AASHTO T 84-2000; t trng ca bt khong (theo TCVN 4195:1995, th nghim ti nhit
0
3
25 C, tng ng vi t trng ca nc l 1 g/cm ). C th xc nh trc theo hng dn ti
8.1.
3) Tnh t trng khi, t trng biu kin ca hn hp ct liu.
4) Tnh t trng c hiu ca hn hp ct liu.
5) Th nghim xc nh t trng ln nht ca hn hp BTN trng thi ri.
6) Th nghim xc nh t trng khi, khi lng th tch ca mu BTN m.
7) Tnh hm lng nha hp ph.
8) Tnh hm lng nha c hiu.
9) Tnh rng ct liu ca hn hp BTN m.
10) Tnh rng d ca hn hp BTN m.
11) Tnh rng lp y nha ca hn hp BTN m.
8.5.1 Th nghim xc nh t trng nha ng
T trng ca nha ng c k hiu l Gb.
8.5.2 Th nghim xc nh t trng ca ct liu
8.5.2.1 Th nghim xc nh t trng ca ct liu th ( dm), ct liu mn (ct), bt khong s a ra
cc kt qu ng vi 3 loi t trng v hp ph nc:
-

T trng khi (Bulk Specific Gravity);

T trng khi (bo ha-kh b mt)( Bulk Specific Gravity-saturated surface-dry);

T trng biu kin (Apperent Specific Gravity);

hp ph nc (Absorption).

8.5.2.2 Cc kt qu th nghim trn c s dng vi mc ch sau:


-

T trng khi (Bulk Specific Gravity) ca ct liu ( dm, ct) c s dng tnh t trng khi ca
hn hp ct liu.

T trng biu kin (Apperent Specific Gravity) ca ct liu ( dm, ct, bt khong) c s dng
tnh t trng biu kin ca hn hp ct liu.

i vi bt khong, do kh c th xc nh chnh xc c t trng khi nn s dng t trng biu


kin thay cho t trng khi, vic thay th ny khng lm sai lch ng k kt qu tnh ton.

hp ph nc (Absorption) ca ct liu l c s d on lng hp ph nha (nhiu ti liu


khuyn ngh hp ph nha ca ct liu xp x bng 0,5 hp ph nc ca ct liu).

8.5.3 Tnh t trng khi, t trng biu kin ca hn hp ct liu


8.5.3.1 T trng khi ca hn hp ct liu
17

TCVN 8820 : 2011


T trng khi ca hn hp ct liu c tnh theo cng thc sau:
P1

P2

+ ...

Pn

Gsb =

(1)
P1

P2
+ ...

+
G1

Pn
+
Gn

G2

Trong :
-

Gsb l t trng khi ca hn hp ct liu.

P1, P2, ..., Pn l hm lng tng loi ct liu, tnh theo % ca tng khi lng hn hp ct liu.

G1, G2, ..., Gn l t trng khi ca tng loi ct liu c trong hn hp ct liu.

8.5.3.2 T trng biu kin ca hn hp ct liu


T trng biu kin ca hn hp ct liu c tnh theo cng thc sau:
P1

P2

+ ...

Pn

Gsa =

(1)
P1

P2
+

G1

Pn
+ ...

G2

Gn

Trong :
-

Gsa l t trng biu kin ca hn hp ct liu.

P1, P2, ..., Pn l hm lng tng loi ct liu, tnh theo % ca tng khi lng hn hp ct liu.

G1, G2,..., Gn l t trng biu kin ca tng loi ct liu c trong hn hp ct liu.

8.5.4 Tnh t trng c hiu ca hn hp ct liu


T trng c hiu ca hn hp ct liu c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
Pmm

Pb

Gse =

(2)
Pmm

Pb
-

Gmm

Gb

Trong :
-

Gse l t trng c hiu ca hn hp ct liu;

Gmm l t trng ln nht ca hn hp BTN (c xc nh ti Mc 9.5.5);

Pmm l phn trm khi lng ca tng khi lng hn hp trng thi ri (Pmm= 100);

Pb l hm lng nha, tnh theo % tng khi lng hn hp BTN;

Gb l t trng ca nha ng.

CH THCH 1:
T trng c hiu ca ct liu lun nm trong gii hn gia t trng khi v t trng biu kin. Nu kt qu tnh t
trng c hiu nm ngoi gii hn trn th kt qu l sai. Khi cn phi kim tra li gi tr t trng ln ca hn
hp BTN theo th nghim, kim tra li t l phi trn ct liu v hm lng nha tm ra nguyn nhn dn n sai
st.

18

TCVN 8820 : 2011


8.5.5 Xc nh t trng ln nht ca hn hp BTN
C 2 cch xc nh t trng ln nht ca hn hp BTN ng vi hm lng nha khc nhau.
8.5.5.1 Cch th nht
Th nghim xc nh 5 gi tr t trng ln nht ca mu BTN ri ng vi 5 hm lng nha ng khc
nhau.
8.5.5.2 Cch th hai
T trng ln nht ca hn hp BTN xc nh theo cch ny c khuyn ngh p dng. Trnh t tin hnh
nh sau:
-

Th nghim xc nh t trng ln nht ca hn hp BTN ca 2 mu BTN c hm lng nha ti u d


kin. T trng ln nht ca hn hp BTN (Gmm) l trung bnh cng ca 2 gi tr t trng ln nht ca
2 mu.

Tnh t trng c hiu ca hn hp ct liu (Gse) theo cng thc 2 (Mc 8.5.4) vi gi tr t trng ln
nht ca hn hp BTN bit (Gmm).

T trng c hiu ca hn hp ct liu ny (Gse) c xem l khng i ti tt c cc hm lng nha


(bi v lng nha hp ph ti cc hm lng nha khc nhau th gn tng t nhau). Tnh t trng
ln nht ca hn hp BTN ti cc hm lng nha khc theo cng thc di y.
Pmm
Gmm =

(3)
Ps
Gse

Pb
+

Gb

Trong :
-

Gmm l t trng ln nht ca hn hp BTN;

Pmm l phn trm khi lng ca hn hp BTN trng thi ri ( Pmm= 100);

Ps l t l ct liu, tnh theo % tng khi lng hn hp BTN;

Pb l hm lng nha, tnh theo % tng khi lng hn hp BTN;

Gse l t trng c hiu ca hn hp ct liu;

Gb l t trng ca nha.

8.5.6 Th nghim xc nh t trng khi v khi lng th tch ca mu BTN m


T trng khi ca mu BTN m, k hiu l Gmb, c xc nh theo TCVN 8860-5: 2011.
Khi lng th tch ca mu BTN c tnh bng cch ly gi tr t trng khi ca mu BTN nhn vi khi
lng th tch ca nc. Khi th nghim nhit trong phng 25 C, khi lng ring ca nc
3
c ly bng 1g/cm .
8.5.7 Tnh hm lng nha hp ph
Hm lng nha hp ph c tnh theo cng thc sau:

19

TCVN 8820 : 2011


Gse Gsb
Pba =

100 x

x Gb

(4)

Gsb x Gse
Trong :
-

Pba l hm lng nha hp ph, % khi lng ca hn hp ct liu;

Gse l t trng c hiu ca hn hp ct liu;

Gsb l t trng khi ca hn hp ct liu;

Gb l t trng ca nha.

8.5.8 Tnh hm lng nha c hiu


Hm lng nha c hiu c tnh theo cng thc sau:
Pba
Pbe =

Pb -

x Ps

(5)

100
Trong :
-

Pbe l hm lng nha c hiu, % khi lng ca hn hp BTN;

Pb l hm lng nha, % khi lng hn hp BTN;

Pba l lng nha hp ph, % khi lng ct liu;

Ps l t l ct liu, % khi lng hn hp BTN.

8.5.9 Tnh rng ct liu ca hn hp BTN m


rng ct liu c tnh theo cng thc sau:
Gmb x Ps
VMA =

100 -

(6)
Gsb

Trong :
-

VMA l rng ct liu, tnh theo % tng th tch hn hp BTN;

Gsb l t trng khi ca hn hp ct liu;

Gmb l t trng khi ca mu BTN m nn;

Ps l t l ct liu, tnh theo % khi lng hn hp BTN.

8.5.10 Tnh rng d ca hn hp BTN m


rng d c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
Gmm Gmb
Va = 100 x

(7)
Gmm

Trong :

20

Va l rng d ca hn hp BTN m, tnh theo % ca th tch mu BTN;

Gmm l t trng ln nht ca hn hp BTN;

Gmb l t trng khi ca hn hp BTN m.

TCVN 8820 : 2011


8.5.11 Tnh rng lp y nha ca hn hp BTN m
rng lp y nha c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
100 (VMA Va)
VFA =

(8)
VMA

Trong :
-

VFA l rng lp y nha ca hn hp BTN m, tnh theo % ca rng ct liu (VMA);

VMA l rng ct liu, tnh theo % th tch mu BTN;

Va l rng d, tnh theo % th tch mu BTN.

Ph lc B a ra v d tnh ton cc c tnh th tch ca hn hp BTN.


8.6 Th nghim xc nh n nh, do trn cc mu Marshall
8.6.1 Th nghim ny tin hnh sau khi hon tt th nghim xc nh t trng khi (v tnh khi lng
th tch) ca cc mu BTN m theo Marshall.
8.6.2 Yu cu v thit b, dng c th nghim, trnh t tin hnh th nghim theo hng dn ti TCVN
8860-1: 2011.
8.6.3 Tin hnh th nghim xc nh n nh v do vi 5 t mu BTN ng vi cc gi tr hm
lng nha khc nhau chn, mi t 3 mu.
8.6.4 Hiu chnh kt qu th nghim n nh vi cc mu c chiu cao khc vi chiu cao ca mu
chun (63,5 mm vi phng php Marshall thng thng hoc 95,2 mm vi phng php Marshall ci
tin) bng cch p dng h s hiu chnh (TCVN 8860-1: 2011).
8.6.5 Tnh do trung bnh ca 5 t mu ng vi tng hm lng nha v tnh n nh trung bnh
sau khi hiu chnh ca 5 t mu.
Ph lc B a ra v d kt qu th nghim n nh, do Marshall.
8.7 La chn hm lng nha ti u
8.7.1 Thit lp cc th quan h gia hm lng nha v cc ch tiu lin quan
8.7.1.1 V cc th quan h gia hm lng nha vi cc ch tiu lin quan: n nh, do,
rng d, rng ct liu, rng lp y nha, Khi lng th tch mu BTN, trong trc honh biu
th cc hm lng nha; trc tung biu th cc gi tr tng ng:
-

n nh -Hm lng nha.

do-Hm lng nha.

rng d-Hm lng nha.

rng ct liu-Hm lng nha.

rng lp y nha -Hm lng nha.

Khi lng th tch mu BTN-Hm lng nha.

8.7.1.2 n nh, do, rng d, rng ct liu, rng lp y nha, Khi lng th tch mu
BTN l gi tr trung bnh cng ca 3 gi tr tng ng ca 3 mu th nghim.

21

TCVN 8820 : 2011


8.7.1.3 Hnh 2 a ra mt v d v cc th quan h gia hm lng nha vi cc ch tiu lin quan:
n nh, do, rng d, rng ct liu, rng lp y nha, Khi lng th tch mu BTN
trn c s s liu ti Bng B5, Ph lc B.
8.7.2 Xc nh hm lng nha ti u
8.7.2.1 Cch th nht
p dng ph hp vi BTN cht. Vic xc nh hm lng nha ti u theo trnh t sau:
-

Cn c vo biu quan h rng d-Hm lng nha, xc nh hm lng nha ng vi rng


d bng 4%.

Da vo cc biu quan h cn li, xc nh cc gi tr: do, rng ct liu, rng lp y


nha ng vi hm lng nha va xc nh (hm lng nha ng vi rng d bng 4%).

So snh cc gi tr: do, rng ct liu, rng lp y nha va xc nh vi cc yu cu k


thut nu trong Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN. Nu cc ch tiu ny tha mn th
hm lng nha chn trn l hm lng nha ti u.

Nu khng tha mn, c th chn li hm lng nha ng ng vi rng d la chn, trong


khong rng d t ln hn 3,5% n nh hn 4,5% v tin hnh lp li cch xc nh trn. Nu
vn khng tha mn cn phi iu chnh li thit k hn hp BTN.

8.7.2.2 Cch th hai


p dng cho cc loi BTN.
-

Cn c yu cu k thut nu trong Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt ng BTN tng ng,
da vo tng th quan h lp, xc nh khong hm lng nha tha mn tng ch tiu tng
ng: n nh, do, rng d, rng ct liu, rng lp y nha.

Xc nh khong hm lng nha tha mn tt c cc ch tiu nu trn. y l khong hm lng


nha ti u (khong hm lng nha c chp thun).

Chn 1 gi tr nm trong khong hm lng nha ti u ny. Thng chn gi tr gia khong ny
lm hm lng nha ti u. Nu khng tha mn cn phi iu chnh li thit k hn hp BTN.

Hnh 3 a ra mt v d v biu xc nh hm lng nha ti u. Trn c s cc gi tr khong hm


lng nha tha mn tng ch tiu tng ng: n nh, do, rng d, rng ct liu (da
trn s liu ti Hnh 2) v khong hm lng nha ti u theo yu cu thit k vi b tng nha (tham
chiu ti TCVN 8819 : 2011, Bng 3), tin hnh xc nh khong hm lng nha tha mn cc ch tiu
trn. l khong hm lng nha ti u. Gi tr hm lng nha ti u chn thit k nm trong
khong hm lng nha ti u, v thng chn gi tr trung gian.
CH THCH 2:
a). Trng hp gi tr hm lng nha ti u xc nh c khng trng vi bt k gi tr hm lng nha ca mu
th nghim, vic xc nh cc thng s ca BTN ( n nh, do, rng d, rng ct liu, Khi lng
th tch) ng vi hm lng ti u s c ni suy t cc th tng ng.
b). Nu cn thit, c 3 mu BTN vi hm lng nha ti u v th nghim xc nh cc thng s ca BTN. So
snh cc kt qu th nghim ny vi cc ch tiu yu cu tng ng quy nh ti Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu
mt ng BTN xem xt tnh ph hp.

22

Quan h
n nh - HmTCVN
lng8820
nha :

2.390
2.380
2.370
2.360

11.50

10.50

9.50

2.350
4

4.5

5.5

6.5

4.5

Quan h
rng d - Hm lng nha

5.5

6.5

Quan h
rng lp y - Hm lng nha

8.00

90

rng lp y (%)

7.00

rng d (%)

Hm lng nha (%)

Hm lng nha (%)

6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00

80

70
60

50

0.00
4

4.5

5.5

6.5

4.5

5.5

6.5

6.5

Hm lng nha (%)

Hm lng nha (%)

Quan h
rng ct liu - Hm lng nha

Quan h
do - Hm lng nha

17.2

3.0

17.0

2.8

16.8

do (mm)

rng ct liu (%)

2011

12.50

2.400

n nh (KN)

Khi lng th tch (g/cm3)

Quan h
Khi lng th tch - Hm lng nha

16.6
16.4
16.2

2.6
2.4
2.2

16.0
15.8

2.0
4

4.5

5.5

Hm lng nha (%)

6.5

4.5

5.5

Hm lng nha (%)

Hnh 2- th quan h gia hm lng nha vi cc ch tiu lin quan

23

TCVN 8820 : 2011


Khong hm lng nha
ti u (c chp thun)

n nh

do

rng d

rng ct liu

rng lp y nha

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

6.5

7.0

Hm lng nha, %

Hnh 3- Khong Hm lng nha ti u (chp thun)


CH THCH 3:
Vic th nghim xc nh n nh Marshall cn li, cc ch tiu b sung (nu quy nh ti Tiu chun thi cng v
nghim thu mt ng BTN) c tin hnh trn c s cc mu BTN ng vi hm lng nha ti u. So snh cc
kt qu th nghim ny vi cc ch tiu yu cu tng ng quy nh ti Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt
ng BTN xem xt tnh ph hp.

8.7.3 Quy lut v v hnh dng ca cc ng cong quan h


Hnh dng cc biu quan h gia hm lng nha v cc c tnh c l ca hn hp BTN thng
tun theo nhng quy lut c trnh by di y.
-

n nh Marshall: ban u n nh tng dn theo chiu tng ca hm lng nha. Khi t n


1 gi tr cc i no , n nh li gim theo chiu tng ca hm lng nha.

do (bin dng): do tng theo chiu tng ca hm lng nha.

rng d: rng d s gim dn u theo chiu tng ca hm lng nha.

rng ct liu (VMA): ban u rng ct liu gim dn theo chiu tng ca hm lng nha. Khi
t n 1 gi tr cc tiu no th rng ct liu li tng dn theo chiu tng ca hm lng
nha.

rng lp y nha (VFA): rng lp y nha tng dn u theo chiu tng ca hm lng
nha.

Khi lng th tch BTN: quy lut bin i ca khi lng th tch cng tng t nh quy lut ca
n nh Marshall. Tuy nhin, hm lng nha ng vi gi tr khi lng th tch BTN cc i s ln
hn mt cht so vi hm lng nha ng vi gi tr n nh cc i.

9 Yu cu chung i vi Phng th nghim hin trng


24

TCVN 8820 : 2011


Phng th nghim hin trng c thit lp thc hin cc php th cn thit thit k hn hp
BTN, kim sot cht lng v a ra cc iu chnh thch hp, kp thi vn hnh trm trn nhm m
bo hn hp BTN sn xut ra lun c duy tr ph hp vi yu cu k thut.
Sau y l cc yu cu c bn i vi 1 phng th nghim hin trng i cng vi trm trn BTN.
9.1 Yu cu v c s h tng ca phng th nghim
Phng th nghim phi tha mn 1 s iu kin sau y:
-

2
Phng th nghim phi c b tr ngay st trm trn, c din tch nh nht l 15m , c cung cp
in, nc, v phi c h thng thng gi tt.

Phi c h thng bn, b vng chc t cc thit b th nghim.

Phi c t nht 2 ca s, trong c 1 ca nhn thng ra trm trn, c th quan st trm trong ton b
thi gian m trm hot ng.

9.2 Yu cu v thit b th nghim


Cc thit b chnh ca mt phng th nghim hin trng i cng vi trm trn bao gm:
-

My nn Marshall v khun mu.

My m mu Marshall.

My ly tm xc nh hm lng nha.

B thit b ht chn khng v bnh cha mu xc nh t trng ri.

Dng c xc nh t trng ca ct liu th gm gi t trng v cc thit b i km.

B dng c xc nh t trng ca ct liu mn gm cn, chy m v cc thit b i km.

B sng li thp mt vung vi cc c sng quy nh trong Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu mt
ng BTN .

Dng c xc nh gii hn chy, gii hn do.

Dng c xc nh ch tiu ct tng ng ES.

My khoan mu hin trng.

Cc dng c khc: cn cc loi, t sy, nhit k; cc dng c ly mu, chia mu, xc mu, khay
ng mu, cho trn, chi lng,...

Cc thit b, dng c th nghim khc nu trong Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu BTN c quy nh
cc ch tiu th nghim b sung.

9.3 Yu cu v nhn lc
Phng th nghim phi c nhn lc v trnh tin hnh cc th nghim mt cch chnh xc, kp
thi phc v cho cng tc sn xut. Cc th nghim vin c phn cng lm th nghim lin quan n
thit k hn hp BTN phi c chng ch o to ph hp, c kin thc v vt liu xy dng ni chung v
v BTN ni ring.

25

TCVN 8820 : 2011


9.4 Yu cu v h thng qun l cht lng
Phng th nghim phi c h thng qun l iu hnh, theo di ton b cc hot ng ca phng.
Phng th nghim phi c bin php kim sot nhng vn sau y:
-

Kim sot h thng ti liu, h thng Tiu chun lin quan n BTN;

Kim sot h thng h s;

Cng tc xem xt yu cu k thut ca BTN;

Qun l cc thit b th nghim;

iu chnh vic sn xut BTN ti trm trn khi pht hin nhng thay i bt k i vi BTN sn xut;

Cng tc o to v o to li nhn vin th nghim trong phng.

26

TCVN 8820 : 2011

Ph lc A
(tham kho)

Hng dn thit k phi trn ct liu


A.1 Nguyn tc chung
A.1.1 Trong cng tc thit k hn hp BTN, cng vic u tin l phi phi trn ct liu ( dm, ct, bt
) chn ra 1 hn hp ct liu c thnh phn ht t yu cu k thut.
A.1.2 Vic phi trn ct liu c tin hnh theo nguyn tc sau: i vi bt k 1 hn hp ct liu no th
lng lt sng (%) ca hn hp ct liu qua 1 c sng bt k u tun theo cng thc sau:
P = Aa + Bb + Cc + Dd + ...

(B1)

Trong :
-

P l lng lt qua sng (%) ca 1 c sng bt k ca hn hp ct liu;

A, B, C,D,..l lng lt qua sng (%) ca 1 c sng bt k ca tng loi ct liu s dng phi
trn;

a, b, c,d,...l t l phi trn ca tng loi ct liu s dng phi trn.


a+b+c+d+...= 1 (100%)

(B2)

A.1.3 Da vo cng thc B1 v B2, trn c s bit cp phi ca tng loi ct liu (lng lt sng qua
cc c sng bt k A, B, C, D...), tin hnh la chn t l phi trn ca tng loi ct liu (a, b, c,d,..) mt
cch hp l sao cho hn hp ct liu c chn c thnh phn ht nm trong min gii hn ng
bao cp phi hn hp ct liu quy nh ti Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu.
A.1.4 Da trn nguyn tc ny tnh ton phi trn. thun tin cho vic tnh ton phi trn, tin
hnh lp phn mm tnh ton hoc s dng phn mm Microsoft Excel.
A.2 Mt s v d thit k phi trn ct liu
A.2.1 Phi trn vi 2 loi ct liu
Cng thc p dng khi phi trn 2 loi ct liu l
P=

Aa + Bb

(B3)

V a + b = 1 (hay 100%) nn a = 1 b.
Thay a = 1 b vo cng thc B3 s c:
PA
(B4)

b=
BA
hoc
PB
a=

(B5)
AB

27

TCVN 8820 : 2011


Gi s c 2 ct liu, ct liu I (k hiu CL I) v ct liu II (k hiu l CL II). Thnh phn ht (lng lt
sng) ca 2 loi ct liu, yu cu v thnh phn ht (lng lt sng yu cu), trung bnh lng lt sng
yu cu ca hn hp ct liu nu ti Bng B1.
Bng B1
C sng (mm)

19

12,5

9,5

4,75

2,36

0,6

0,3

0,15

0,075

Lng lt sng yu cu (%)


-Cn trn

100

100

90

70

50

29

23

16

10

-Cn di

100

80

70

50

35

18

13

-Trung bnh

100

90

80

60

42,5

23,5

18

12

CL I

100

90

59

16

3,2

1,1

CL II

100

100

100

96

82

51

36

21

9,2

Chn hm lng lt sng 2,36 mm lm chun. im trung bnh ca lng lt sng yu cu ti c sng
2,36 mm l 42,5. Tnh gi tr a v b theo cng thc B4:
PA
b=

42,5 3,2
=

BA

= 0,50
82 3,2

a = 1 0,5 = 0,5
T s liu ti Bng B1, bit a v b, tnh lng lt sng ca 2 loi ct liu (Aa, Bb) v ca hn hp ct liu
(P=Aa+Bb) trn cc c sng. Kt qu c nu ti Bng B2.
Bng B2
C sng (mm)

T l

19

12,5

9,5

4,75

2,36

0,6

0,3

0,15

0,075

-Cn trn

100

100

90

70

50

29

23

16

10

-Cn di

100

80

70

50

35

18

13

-Trung bnh

100

90

80

60

42,5

23,5

18

12

Lng lt sng yu cu (%)

CL I

0,5

50

45

29,5

1,6

0,6

CL II

0,5

50

50

50

48

41

25

18

10,5

4,6

Hn hp ct liu

=1

100

95

79,5

56

42,6

25,6

18

10,5

4,6

Qua Bng B.2, thy rng lng lt sng qua c sng 0,075 mm ca hn hp ct liu (4,6%) thp nn c
th nng t l ct liu II ln, c th l b = 0,55, v khi t l ct liu I l a = 0,45. Kt qu tnh t l lng
lt sng ca 2 loi ct liu v ca hn hp ct liu nh Bng B3.

28

TCVN 8820 : 2011


Xt thy hm lng lt sng 0,6 mm qu cao (28,5%), gn vi gii hn trn ca lng lt sng yu cu),
v vy h t l ct liu II xung cn b= 0,52, khi t l ct liu I l a = 0,48. Kt qu tnh t l lng lt
sng ca 2 loi ct liu v ca hn hp ct liu c trnh by ti Bng B4.
Bng B3
C sng (mm)

T l

19

12,5

9,5

4,75

2,36

0,6

0,3

0,15

0,075

-Cn trn

100

100

90

70

50

29

23

16

10

-Cn di

100

80

70

50

35

18

13

-Trung bnh

100

90

80

60

42,5

23,5

18

12

Lng lt sng yu cu (%)

CL I

0,45

45

40,5

26,6

7,2

1,4

0,5

CL II

0,55

55

55

55

52,8

45,1

28

19,8

11,5

5,1

Hn hp ct liu

=1

100

95,5

81,6

60

46,5

28,5

19,8

11,5

5,1

Bng B4
C sng (mm)

T l

19

12,5

9,5

4,75

2,36

0,6

0,3

0,15

0,075

-Cn trn

100

100

90

70

50

29

23

16

10

-Cn di

100

80

70

50

35

18

13

-Trung bnh

100

90

80

60

42,5

23,5

18

12

Lng lt sng yu cu (%)

CL I

0,48

48

43,2

28,3

7,7

1,5

0,5

CL II

0,52

52

52

52

49,9

42,6

26,5

18,7

10,9

4,8

Hn hp ct liu

=1

100

95,2

80,3

57,6

44,1

27

18,7

10,9

4,8

Hn hp ct liu ti Bng B4 tha mn yu cu (nm trong gii hn ca lng lt sng yu cu). Kt qu


phi trn:
Ct liu I: 48%
Ct liu II: 52%
A.2.2 Phi trn 5 loi ct liu (s dng hm Solver ca Microsoft Excel)
Cng thc c bn p dng khi phi trn 5 loi ct liu l:
P = Aa + Bb + Cc + Dd + Ee

(B5)

1=a+b+c+d+e

(B6)

Gi s c 5 loi ct liu, bit thnh phn ht (lng lt sng) ca tng loi ct liu ny:
-

Ct liu th ( dm), Dmax 25 mm, k hiu l D25;

29

TCVN 8820 : 2011


-

Ct liu th ( dm), Dmax 9,5 mm, k hiu l D10;

Ct liu mn (ct xay), Dmax 4,75 mm, k hiu l D5;

Ct t nhin, Dmax 4,75 mm; k hiu l CTN;

Bt khong, k hiu l BK.

Cn phi tnh t l phi trn 5 loi ct liu trn (a, b, c, d, e) to thnh hn hp ct liu tha mn yu
cu quy nh (trong v d ny, cp phi ct liu thit k phi tha mn yu cu quy nh ti TCVN
8819:2011, Bng 1, vi loi BTNC 19). Trong , a l t l ca dm D25; b l t l ca dm D10; c
l t l ca ct xay D5; d l t l ct thin nhin CTN v e l t l ca bt khong BK.
Cch lm nh sau:
1/ Nhp s liu vo bng tnh Micrsoft Excel (Bng B5):
-

Nhp gi tr ng bao gii hn lng lt sng yu cu tng ng vi cc c sng: cn trn (dng


3), cn di (dng 4), trung bnh (dng 5).

Nhp gi tr lng lt sng tng ng vi cc c sng ca 5 loi ct liu: D25 (dng 6), D10 (dng 7),
D5 (dng 8), CTN (dng 9) v BK (dng 10).
Bng B5
A

T l
phi
trn

25

19

12.5

9.5

4.75

2.36

1.18

0.6

0.3

0.075

C sng
(mm)

Lng lt sng yu cu (%)

Cn trn

100

100

86

78

61

45

33

25

17

Cn di

100

90

71

58

36

25

17

12

Trung bnh

100

95

78.5

68

48.5

35

25

18.5

12.5

6.5

D25

100

86.3

30.6

7.4

2.1

0.3

0.3

0.2

D10

100

100

100

90.9

46.2

15.2

0.9

0.7

0.2

D5

100

100

100

100

90.5

70.1

45.5

18.9

12.5

7.4

CTN

100

100

100

98.8

95

89.3

78.1

45.6

8.7

0.9

10
11

BK
100
100
Kt qu chy chng trnh ln 1

100

100

100

100

100

100

96.4

76.1

12
13
14
15
16
17

D25
D10
D5
CTN
BK
Hn hp

10.1
20.4
34.0
9.4
3.2
77.1

2.4
18.6
34.0
9.3
3.2
67.5

0.7
9.4
30.8
8.9
3.2
53.0

0.1
3.1
23.9
8.4
3.2
38.6

0.1
0.2
15.5
7.3
3.2
26.3

0.1
0.1
6.4
4.3
3.2
14.1

0.0
0.0
4.3
0.8
3.0
8.1

0.0
0.0
2.5
0.1
2.4
5.0

4
5
6
7
8

0.33
0.20
0.34
0.09
0.03
1.00

33.0
20.4
34.0
9.4
3.2
100.0

28.5
20.4
34.0
9.4
3.2
95.5

2/ Thit lp quan h theo cng thc B5 (P = Aa + Bb + Cc + Dd + Ee) (Bng B5):


-

30

Gn cc gi tr a, b,c,d v e (cc gi tr bt k) vo cc t B12 ti B16.

TCVN 8820 : 2011


-

Xc nh gi tr Aa tng ng vi cc c sng: c biu th t C12 n L12. Cc gi tr ny l


tch ca gi tr B12 vi gi tr cc tng ng t C6 n L6 (vit theo ngn ng Excel l:
C12=$B12*C6, D12=$B12*D6,...., L12=$B12*L6).

Xc nh gi tr Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee tng ng vi cc c sng: theo cch xc nh vi Aa, c biu


th tng ng t dng 13 n dng 16, t ct C n ct L.

Thit lp quan h P (P = Aa + Bb + Cc + Dd + Ee) tng ng vi cc c sng: c biu th t C17


n L17. Cc gi tr ny l tng cc gi tr tng ng t dng 12 n dng 16, ct C n ct L. V
d nh C17= C12+C13+C14+C15+C16 (vit theo ngn ng Excel l C17= SUM(C12:C16)).

3/ Thit lp quan h theo cng thc B6 (1=a+b+c+d+e) (Bng B5):


-

Gi tr ti B17 bng tng gi tr t B12 n B16 (vit theo ngn ng Excel l B17=
SUM(B12:B16)).

Vic gn gi tr bng 1 cho B17 (1=a+b+c+d+e) c thc hin bng hm Solver.

4/ Khai bo cc ni dung trong hm Solver:


-

Trong Microsoft Excel, vo menu Tool Add in nh du ci t hm Solver. Sau khi ci t xong,
trong menu Tool s xut hin mc Solver.

Vo mc Solver trong menu Tool, s xut hin ca s Solver Parameter khai bo, thc hin cc
khai bo sau (Hnh B1):
Hnh B1

Dng lnh Set Target Cell: nhp vo a ch B17 (vit theo ngn ng Excel l $B$17).

Dng lnh Equal To: chn mc Value of v nhp gi tr 1 (gi tr ca phng trnh B6).

Dng lnh By Changing Cells: nhp cc a ch t B12 n B16 (vit theo ngn ng Excel l
$B$1:$B$16).

Dng lnh Subject to the constraints: chn mc Add, s hin th ca s Add Contraint nhp
vo cc rng buc ca bi ton (Hnh B2).
Hnh B2

31

TCVN 8820 : 2011

m bo iu kin cc gi tr ti t B12 n B16 (biu th cc gi tr a, b, c, d v e) khng


nhn gi tr m (-), nhp dng lnh $B$12:$B$16 vo ca s Cell Reference, chn du biu thc
>=, nhp s 0 vo ca sCosntraint v nhn nt OK. Dng lnh nhp s c hin th ti Hnh
B1 ($B$12:$B$16>=0).

m bo iu kin cc gi tr ca cc t C17 n L17 (lng lt sng ca cc c sng ca


hn hp ct liu) phi nm trong gii hn lng lt sng yu cu (nh hn gi tr cn trn v ln
hn gi tr cn di ca ng bao lng lt sng yu cu), nhp vo ca s Cell Reference
nh hng dn trn. Dng lnh nhp s c hin th ti Hnh B1 ($C$17>=$C$3, $C$17<=$C$4;
$D$17<=$D$3, $D$17>=$D$4; $E$17<=$E$3, $E$17>=$E$4; ...; $L$17<=$L$3, $L$17>=$L$4).

5/ Chy chng trnh: sau khi nhp xong, chn nt Solve ca ca s Solver Parameter (Hnh B1).
Chng trnh s hin th kt qu phi trn, a ra t l phi trn t B12 n B16; a ra gi lng lt
sng ca hn hp ct liu t C17 n L17 (Bng B5-Kt qu chy chng trnh ln 1). Vic chy
chng trnh nhiu ln bng cch thay i gi tr t B12 n B16 s nhn c cc kt qu phi trn
khc. Mt s kt qu chy chng trnh c th hin Bng B6.
Bng B6
A

T l
phi
trn

25

19

12.5

9.5

4.75

2.36

1.18

0.6

0.3

0.075

C sng
(mm)

Lng lt sng yu cu (%)

Cn trn

100

100

86

78

61

45

33

25

17

Cn di

100

90

71

58

36

25

17

12

Trung bnh

100

95

78.5

68

48.5

35

25

18.5

12.5

6.5

12.8
15.9
25.9
10.0
6.3
71.0

3.1
14.5
25.9
9.9
6.3
59.7

0.9
7.4
23.5
9.5
6.3
47.6

0.1
2.4
18.2
8.9
6.3
36.0

0.1
0.1
11.8
7.8
6.3
26.2

0.1
0.1
4.9
4.6
6.3
16.0

0.0
0.0
3.2
0.9
6.1
10.3

0.0
0.0
1.9
0.1
4.8
6.8

9.3
22.7
27.9
12.0
7.0
78.9

2.2
20.7
27.9
11.8
7.0
69.6

0.6
10.5
25.2
11.4
7.0
54.8

0.1
3.5
19.5
10.7
7.0
40.8

0.1
0.2
12.7
9.4
7.0
29.3

0.1
0.2
5.3
5.5
7.0
18.0

0.0
0.0
3.5
1.0
6.8
11.3

0.0
0.0
2.1
0.1
5.3
7.5

4
5
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
11

32

Kt qu chy chng trnh ln 2


D25
0.42
41.8
36.1
D10
0.16
15.9
15.9
D5
0.26
25.9
25.9
CTN
0.10
10.0
10.0
BK
0.06
6.3
6.3
100.0
94.3
Hn hp
1.00
Kt qu chy chng trnh ln 3
D25
0.30
30.4
26.2
D10
0.23
22.7
22.7
D5
0.28
27.9
27.9
CTN
0.12
12.0
12.0
BK
0.07
7.0
7.0
100.0
95.8
Hn hp
1.00
Kt qu chy chng trnh ln 4

TCVN 8820 : 2011


A
12
13
14
15
16
17

D25
D10
D5
CTN
BK
Hn hp

0.29
0.21
0.35
0.10
0.05
1.00

29.0
21.0
35.0
10.0
5.0
100.0

25.0
21.0
35.0
10.0
5.0
96.0

8.9
21.0
35.0
10.0
5.0
79.9

2.1
19.1
35.0
9.9
5.0
71.1

0.6
9.7
31.7
9.5
5.0
56.5

0.1
3.2
24.5
8.9
5.0
41.7

0.1
0.2
15.9
7.8
5.0
29.0

0.1
0.1
6.6
4.6
5.0
16.4

0.0
0.0
4.4
0.9
4.8
10.1

0.0
0.0
2.6
0.1
3.8
6.5

6/ Chn t l phi trn hp l: so snh lng lt sng ca cc hn hp ct liu thu nhn c t cc kt


qu chy chng trnh (Bng B5, Bng B6) vi gii hn gi tr lng lt sng yu cu (ln nht, nh nht,
trung bnh) chn mt kt qu phi trn hp l.
Trong v d ny, chn t l phi trn ct liu theo kt qu chy chng trnh ln 4. T l phi trn ct liu
nh sau:
Ct liu D25

= 29%

Ct liu D10

= 21%

Ct liu D5

= 35%

Ct t nhin (CTN)

= 10%

Bt khong (BK)

= 5%

33

TCVN 8820 : 2011

Ph lc B
(tham kho)

Tnh cc c tnh th tch ca hn hp b tng nha. Bo co kt qu thit k


hn hp b tng nha theo phng php Marshall
B.1 S liu u vo v kt qu th nghim
B.1.1 Gi s s dng 5 loi ct liu (D25, D10, D5, CTN, BK) bit t l phi trn (Ph lc A- phi trn
theo A.2.2, kt qu chy chng trnh ln 4) thit k hn hp BTN, loi c ng knh ht ln nht
danh nh 19 mm lm lp mt di.
B.1.2 Kt qu th nghim kim tra cc ch tiu c l ca 5 loi ct liu (xem ti 8.1) tha mn yu cu quy
nh.
B.1.3 Kt qu th nghim t trng ca 5 loi ct liu v nha ng (xem ti 8.5.1 v 8.5.2) c nu ti
Bng B1.
Bng B1 Kt qu th nghim
T trng
Vt liu

T trng
(Specific
Gravity)

(1)

T trng biu kin


(Apperent Specific
Gravity)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

2. dm D25

G1

2,761

G1a

2,792

P1

29

3. dm D10

G2

2,710

G2a

2,800

P2

21

3. Ct xay D5

G3

2,652

G3a

2,698

P3

35

4. Ct CTN

G4

2,562

G4a

2,610

P4

10

5. Bt khong BK

G5

2,810

G5a

2,810

P5

100

1. Nha ng

(2)

T trng khi
(Bulk Specific
Gravity)

T l phi trn, %
(tng khi lng
hn hp ct liu)

Gb

1,031

B.1.4 Chn 5 hm lng nha (tnh theo % khi lng hn hp BTN) l: 4,5%; 5,0%; 5,5 %; 6,0% v
6,5%. Chun b Cc mu hn hp ct liu ring bit, mi mu 1200 g. Tnh 5 lng nha ng ng vi
5 hm lng nha chn cho vo cc mu hn hp ct liu c khi lng 1200 g theo Bng B2.
Bng B2 - Khi lng nha dng c mu Marshall (tnh theo 1200 g ct liu)
STT

Hm lng nha
(% khi lng hn hp BTN)

Lng nha, g

Tng khi lng


hn hp BTN, g

4,5

56,5

1256,5

5,0

63,2

1263,2

5,5

69,8

1269,8

6,0

76,6

1276,6

6,5

83,4

1283,4

B.1.5 Trn 5 t mu (mi t 3 mu) vi 5 lng nha chn. Tin hnh c mu Marshall vi s chy
75 x 2 (xem Mc 8.3 v 8.4). Th nghim xc nh t trng khi ca 5 t mu BTN ng vi 5 hm hm
34

TCVN 8820 : 2011


lng nha (xem ti 8.5.6), tnh khi lng th tch mu BTN (s dng gi tr khi lng ring ca nc
3
bng 1 g/cm ). Kt qu th nghim (gi tr trung bnh) ti Bng B3.
B.1.6 Trn 2 mu hn hp BTN vi hm lng nha 5,5 % (hm lng nha ti u d on). Th
nghim xc nh t trng ln nht ca 2 mu hn hp BTN (xem ti 8.5.5). Kt qu th nghim (gi tr
trung bnh) nu ti Bng B3.
Bng B3 - Kt qu th nghim mu BTN
Tn ch tiu

Hm lng nha, Pb (%)


5,0
5,5
6,0

4,5

6,5

1. T trng khi ca mu BTN


m (Gmb)

2,354

2,378

2,392

2,395

2,389

2. Khi lng th tch ca mu


BTN m, g/cm3

2,354

2,378

2,392

2,395

2,389

2,488

3. T trng ln nht ca hn hp
BTN ri (Gmm)

B.2 Tnh cc ch tiu c tnh th tch ca hn hp BTN


B.2.1 Tnh t trng khi, t trng biu kin ca hn hp ct liu
B.2.1.1 T trng khi ca hn hp ct liu- Gsb
S dng cng thc (1) (xem ti 8.5.3), vi kt qu th nghim ti Bng B1, tnh c gi tr t trng khi
ca hn hp ct liu Gsb:
25
Gsb =

29
2,761

22

21
+

2,710

30

35
+

2,652

18

10
+

2,562

5
5

2,810

100
Gsb =

37,13

= 2,693

B.2.1.2 Tnh t trng biu kin ca hn hp ct liu -Gsa


S dng cng thc (1) (xem ti 8.5.3), vi kt qu th nghim ti Bng B1, tnh c gi tr t trng biu
kin ca hn hp ct liu Gsa:
25
Gsa =

29
2,792

22

21
+

2,800

30

35
+

2,698

18

10
+

2,610

5
5

2,810

100
Gsa =

36,47

= 2,742

B.2.2 Tnh t trng c hiu ca hn hp ct liu

35

TCVN 8820 : 2011


S dng cng thc (2) (xem ti 8.5.4), bit Gb=1,031 (Bng B1); Gmm=2,488 tng ng vi hm lng
nha Pb=5,5% (Bng B3), tnh t trng c hiu ca hn hp ct liu:
Gse =

100

5,5

100

5,5

2,488

1,031

100
Gse =

40,193

5,5

94,5
=

5,335

34,858

= 2,711

So snh gi tr Gse vi cc gi tr Gsb v Gsa ta thy: Gsb=2,693 < Gse=2,711 < Gsa=2,742, nn kt qu
th nghim v tnh ton c tin cy.
B.2.3 Tnh t trng ln nht ca hn hp ct liu ti cc hm lng nha khc nhau
S dng cng thc (3) (xem ti 8.5.5.2), coi t trng c hiu ca hn hp ct liu (Gse) ti tt c cc hm
lng nha l khng i (bi v lng nha hp ph ti cc hm lng nha khc nhau th gn tng t
nhau) tnh t trng ln nht ca hn hp BTN ti cc hm lng nha khc nhau.
Bit Gb=1,031 (Bng B1), Gse =2,711 (c coi l khng i), tnh c t trng ln nht ca hn hp
BTN ti cc hm lng nha khc nhau.
V d, t trng ln nht ca hn hp BTN vi hm lng nha l 5,0% (Pb=5,0; Ps=95) l:
100
Gmm =

95,0

5,0
+

2,711

1,031

100
Gmm =

35,042

100
4,850

34,858

2,507

B.2.4 Tnh hm lng nha hp ph


S dng cng thc (4) (xem ti 8.5.7), bit Gb=1,031 (Bng B1), Gsb=2,693, Gse =2,711, tnh c
lng nha hp ph ti hm lng nha 5,5%:
2,710 2,663
Pba = 100

2,6693x2,711

x1,031

0,018
Pba = 100

7,301

x1,031 = 0,254

Hm lng nha hp ph, Pba=0,254, c coi l khng i s dng tnh cc thng s sau.

B.2.5 Tnh hm lng nha c hiu ca hn hp BTN


S dng cng thc (5) (xem ti 8.5.8), bit Pba=0,254, bit cc gi tr Pb, Ps, tnh c hm lng nha
c hiu ca hn hp BTN vi cc hm lng nha khc nhau.
V d, hm lng nha c hiu ca hn hp BTN vi hm lng nha 5,5% (Pb=5,5; Ps=94,5) tnh
c l:
36

TCVN 8820 : 2011


0,254
Pbe = 5,5 -

100

x94,5

= 5,260

B.2.6 Tnh rng ct liu ca hn hp BTN


S dng cng thc (6) (xem ti 8.5.9), Bit cc gi tr Gmb (Bng B3), bit Gsb=2,693), bit Ps, tnh c
rng ct liu ca hn hp BTN vi hm lng nha khc nhau.
V d, rng ct liu ti mu BTN c hm lng nha 5,5% (Gmb=2,392; Ps=94,5) l:
2,392x94,5
VMA = 100 -

2,693

= 100 83,94 = 16,06

B.2.7 Tnh rng d ca hn hp BTN m


S dng cng thc (7) (xem ti 8.5.10), bit cc gi tr Gmb (Bng B3), bit Gm (tnh ton ti B.2.3), tnh
c rng d cu mu BTN vi hm lng nha khc nhau.
V d, rng d ti mu c hm lng nha 5,5% (Gmb=2,392, Gmm=2,488) tnh c l:
2,488 2,392
Va =

100x

2,488

= 3,859

B.2.8 Tnh rng lp y ca hn hp BTN m


S dng cng thc (8) (xem ti 8.5.11), bit VMA (tnh ton ti B.2.6), Va (tnh ton ti B.2.7), tnh c
rng lp y ca mu BTN vi cc hm lng nha khc nhau.
V d, rng lp y ca mu BTN ti hm lng nha 5,5 % (VMA=16,06; Va= 3,859) tnh c l:
100 (16,06 3,859)
VFA =

16,06

= 75,97

Kt qu th nghim v tnh ton cc c tnh th tch ca hn hp BTN vi cc mu c hm lng nha


4,5%; 5,0%; 5,5 %; 6,0% v 6,5 % c tm tt ti Bng B4.
B.2.9 Kt qu th nghim mu Marshall, xc nh hm lng nha ti u (xem ti 8.6 v 8.7)
Tng hp kt qu th nghim, tnh ton cc c tnh th tch ca BTN, kt qu th nghim Marshall ca 05
t mu BTN ng vi 5 hm lng nha c bo co Bng B5.
Trn c s s liu ti Bng B5, thit lp cc biu quan h Hm lng nha vi cc ch tiu: n
nh, do, rng d, rng ct liu, rng lp y nha, Khi lng th tch mu BTN (xem ti
Hnh 2).
Trn c s s liu th nghim (xem ti Hnh 2) v theo yu cu thit k b tng nha (TCVN 8819:2011,
Bng 3, BTNC 19), lp biu xc nh khang hm lng nha tha mn tng ch tiu tng ng:
n nh (4,5% n 6,5%), do (4,5% n 6,5%), rng d (5,0% n 6,0%), rng ct liu (4,5%
n 6,5%). Xc nh khang hm lng nha ti u l t 5,0% n 5,5%) (xem Hnh 3). Chn mt gi tr
hm lng nha trong khong 5,0% n 5,5% lm gi tr hm lng nha ti u, v d chn l 5,2%.

37

TCVN 8820 : 2011


Bng B4 -Tng hp kt qu th nghim v tnh ton cc ch tiu c tnh th tch hn hp BTN

Mu: _______________________________

Ngy: ________________

a im, l trnh: ____________________________________________________________________


Thnh phn hn hp BTN
Mu th nghim (thnh phn hn hp, tnh theo % khi
T trng, G
lng hn hp BTN)
Khi

Biu kin

1. Ct liu th D25

G1

2,761

G1a

2,792

2. Ct liu th D10

G2

2,710

G2a

2,800

3. Ct liu mn D5

G3

2,652

G3a

2,698

4. Ct

G4

2,562

G4a

2,610

5. Bt khong

G5

2,810

G5a

2,810

6. Tng ct liu

Gsb

2,693

Gsa

2,742

7. Nha ng

Gb

1.031

Ps

95,5

95,0

94,5

94,0

93,5

Pb

4,5

5,0

5,5

6,0

6,5

8. T trng khi ca tng hn hp ct liu, Gsb

Cng thc (1)

2,693

9. T trng ln nht ca hn hp BTN, Gmm

Cng thc (3)

2,526

2,507

2,488

2,470

2,451

10. T trng khi ca mu BTN m, Gmb

2,354

2,378

2,392

2,395

2,389

11. T trng c hiu ca hn hp ct liu, Gse

Cng thc (2)

2,711

12. Lng nha hp ph, % khi lng hn hp ct liu, Pba

Cng thc (4)

0,254

Tnh ton:
Dng 12 x Ps
13. HLN c hiu, Pbe

Dng 7

Cng thc (5)

4,257

4,759

5,260

5,761

6,263

Cng thc (6)

16,52

16,11

16,06

16,40

17,05

Cng thc (7)

6,809

5,146

3,859

3,036

2,530

Cng thc (8)

58,79

68,06

75,97

81,49

85,17

100
Dng 10 x Ps
14. R ct liu, VMA

100

Dng 8

15. rng d, Va

(Dng 9 - Dng 10)


100

x
Dng 9

16. R lp y, VFA

100

(Dng 14 - Dng 15)


Dng 14

38

TCVN 8820 : 2011

Bng B5 - Bo co kt qu th nghim mu BTN


S TN:

T trng ca nha:

1,031

Loi BTN: BTNC 19 (theo TCVN 8819:2011)

T trng khi ca hn hp ct liu:

2,682

S chy m/mt: 75

T trng c hiu ca hn hp ct liu:

2,711

K hiu mu-Hm
lng nha (%
hn hp BTN)

Khi
lng
mu BTN
cn trong
khng
kh, g

Khi
lng
mu BTN
cn trong
nc,g

Khi
lng
mu BTN
khi lau
kh, g

Th tch
mu
BTN,
3
cm

A-4,5

1255,1

724,1

1257,3

533,2

B-4,5

1253,2

720,0

1254,2

534,2

C-4,5

1255,0

725,6

1256,7

A-5,0

1260,3

731,2

B-5,0

1259,8

C-5,0

1262,0

T trng
khi
BTN

T
trng
ln
nht
BTN

rng
d

rng
ct liu

rng
lp y

Va

VMA

VFA

n
nh

Chiu dy mu, mm

H s
hiu
chnh

n
nh sau
hiu
chnh

do

KN

mm

TB

KN

2,354

63,7

63,6

63,6

63,6

11,38

0,96

10,92

2,5

2,346

64,2

64,2

64,4

64,3

11,47

0,96

11,01

2,4

531,1

2,363

63,8

63,7

63,8

63,8

11,35

0,96

10,90

2,5

10,94

2,5

1262,1

530,9

2,374

63,8

64,0

63,8

63,9

11,98

0,96

11,50

2,5

730,8

1261,5

530,7

2,374

64,0

63,4

63,8

63,7

11,85

0,96

11,38

2,3

734,3

1263,4

529,1

63,5

63,9

63,7

63,7

12,52

0,96

Trung bnh

2,354

Trung bnh

2,526

6,809

16,52

58,79

2,385
2,378

2,507

5,146

16,11

68,06

12,02

2,6

11,63

2,5

A-5,5

1267,1

738,4

1269,2

530,8

2,387

64,0

63,5

64,2

63,9

12,58

0,96

12,08

2,5

B-5,5

1265,3

739,3

1266,9

527,6

2,398

63,6

63,3

63,9

63,6

12,20

0,96

11,71

2,5

C-5,5

1261,4

735,3

1263,1

527,8

2,390

64,0

63,4

63,7

63,7

12,68

0,96

12,17

2,7

11,99

2,6

Trung bnh

2,392

2,488

3,859

16,06

75,97

A-6,0

1273,3

744,3

1275,1

530,8

2,399

63,6

64,0

63,8

63,8

11,23

0,96

10,78

2,5

B-6,0

1271,8

741,8

1273,0

531,2

2,394

63,5

63,7

63,8

63,7

12,05

0,96

11,57

2,4

C-6,0

1270,5

740,8

1271,9

531,1

2,392

64,0

63,5

64,0

63,8

11,21

0,96

10,76

2,5

11,04

2,5

A-6,5

1281,2

746,6

1283,1

536,5

2,388

63,7

64,2

63,5

63,8

10,25

0,93

9,53

3,0

B-6,5

1280,6

746,2

1281,3

535,1

2,393

63,9

64,1

64,3

64,1

11,08

0,96

10,64

2,6

C-6,5

1282,2

746,5

1284,1

537,6

63,5

64,0

64,5

64,0

10,10

0,93

Trung bnh

Trung bnh

2,395

2,470

3,036

16,40

81,49

2,385
2,389

2,451

2,530

17.05

85,17

9,39

3,2

9,85

2,9

39

TCVN 8820 : 2011

40

TCVN

TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN 8857:2011
Xut bn ln 1

LP KT CU O NG T BNG CP PHI
THIN NHIN VT LIU, THI CNG V NGHIM THU
Natural Aggregate for Road Pavement Layers
Specification for Material, Construction and Acceptance

H NI 2011

TCVN 8857:2011

Mc lc
1 Phm vi p dng ................................................................................................................

2 Ti liu vin dn ..................................................................................................................

3 Nhng yu cu i vi cp phi thin nhin ......................................................................

4 Yu cu thi cng ................................................................................................................

5 Kim tra nghim thu ...........................................................................................................

6 An ton lao ng.................................................................................................................

10

TCVN 8857:2011

Li ni u

TCVN 8857:2011 c chuyn i t 22 TCN 30403 theo quy nh ti


khon 1 iu 69 ca Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut v im a
khon 1 iu 7 Ngh nh s 127/2007/N-CP ngy 1/8/2008 ca Chnh
ph quy nh chi tit thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Tiu chun v Quy
chun k thut .
TCVN 8857:2011 do Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh Giao thng Vn ti
bin son, B Giao thng Vn ti ngh, Tng Cc Tiu chun
o lng Cht lng thm nh, B Khoa hc v Cng nh cng b.

TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN 8857:2011

Lp kt cu o ng t bng cp phi thin nhin


Vt liu, thi cng v nghim thu
Natural Aggregate for Road Pavement Layers Specification for Material, Construction
and Acceptance

1 Phm vi p dng
1.1 Tiu chun ny quy nh nhng yu cu k thut v vt liu, cng ngh thi cng, kim tra, gim
st v nghim thu cc lp kt cu o ng bng vt liu cp phi thin nhin.
1.2 Tiu chun ny quy nh k thut vi 4 loi vt liu cp phi thin nhin (k hiu l A, B, C v D) s
dng lm mng di mt ng loi A1, A2; mng trn cho mt ng loi A2; lm cc lp mng
v mt ng cho mt ng loi B1, B2 v lp gia c l ca cc lp kt cu o ng theo quy nh
ti 22 TCN 21106 .Cn c vo quy nh k thut vi tng loi vt liu cp phi thin nhin (Bng 1 v
Bng 2), v phm vi s dng m la chn loi vt liu cp phi thin nhin ph hp, tn dng c
ngun vt liu a phng sn c.
2 Ti liu vin dn
Cc ti liu vin dn sau l cn thit p dng cc tiu chun ny. i vi cc ti liu vin dn ghi
nm cng b th p dng bn c nu. i vi cc ti liu vin dn c ghi nm cng b th p
dng phin bn mi nht bao gm c cc sa i b sung (nu c)
TCVN 75722:2006, Ct liu b tng v va Phng php th Phn 2: Xc nh thnh phn ht.
TCVN 757212:2006, Ct liu b tng v va Phng php thPhn 12: Xc nh hao mn khi
va p ca ct liu ln trong my Los Angeles.
TCVN 41971995, t xy dng Phng php xc nh gii hn chy v gii hn do trong phng
th nghim.
TCVN 8864:2011, Mt ng t Xc nh bng phng bng thc di 3,0 mt.
22 TCN 21106*), o ng mm Cc yu cy v ch dn thit k
22 TCN 33306*), Quy trnh m nn t, dm trong phng th nghim.
22 TCN 33206*), Quy trnh th nghim Xc nh ch s CBR ca t, dm trong phng th nghim.
22 TCN 34606*), Quy trnh th nghim Xc nh cht ca nn, mng ng bng phu rt ct.

*)

Cc tiu chun ngnh TCN s c chuyn i thnh TCVN

TCVN 8857:2011

3 Yu cu i vi vt liu cp phi thin nhin


3.1 Vt liu cp phi thin nhin y c hiu l mt hn hp vt liu dng ht c sn trong t
nhin theo nguyn l cp phi, (hn ch thp nht vic gia cng nghin).
3.2 Trng hp s dng vt liu cp phi thin nhin lm lp mt ca mt ng loi B1, B2 th
trn lp mt ny phi ri lp bo v bng ct sn c kch c 3 mm5 mm.
3.3 Thnh phn ht: th nghim theo TCVN 75722:2006, Phn 2: Xc nh thnh phn ht. Thnh
phn ht ca vt liu cp phi thin nhin phi nm trong vng gii hn ca ng bao cp phi quy
nh Bng 1.
Bng 1 . Yu cu v thnh phn ht ca vt liu cp phi thin nhin
Lng lt qua sng (sng mt vung), % khi lng

Loi cp
phi
50,0 mm

25,0 mm

9,5 mm

4,75 mm
O

2,0 mm
O

0,425mm
O

0,075mm

(2)

(1)

(3/8)

(N 4)

(N 10)

(N 40)

(NO200)

100

3065

2555

1540

820

28

100

7595

4075

3060

2045

1530

520

100

5085

3565

2550

1530

515

100

60100

5085

4070

2545

520

3.4 Cc ch tiu k thut ca vt liu: cc ch tiu k thut ca vt liu cp phi thin nhin c quy
nh ti Bng 2.

TCVN 8857:2011
Bng 2. Cc ch tiu k thut yu cu vi vt liu cp phi thin nhin
Mc
Tn ch tiu

Phng php
th

Mng
di
loi A1

Mng
trn
loi A2

Mng
di
loi A2

Mng
loi B1,
B2

Mt loi
B1, B2,
gia c l

1. Loi cp phi s
dng

A, B, C

A, B, C

A,B,C,D

A,B,C,D

A,B,C,D

2. Gii hn chy LL,


%( *)

35

25

35

35

35

TCVN 4197
1995

3. Ch s do PI , %(*)

12

T 9 n
12

TCVN 4197
1995

4. CBR, %(**)

30

80

30

30

30

TCN 33206

5. hao mn Los
Angeles, LA, %

35

35

50

50

50

TCVN 757212:
2006

6. T l lt qua sng
No 200/No40

0,67

0,67

0,67

Khng
yu cu

0,67

TCVN 75722:
2006

( )

* Xc nh gii hn chy theo phng php Casagrande. S dng phn ht nh lt qua sng li mt vung kch c

0,425 mm th nghim gii hn chy, gii hn do.


(

** CBR c xc nh vi cht m nn bng 98% cht m nn ci tin theo phng php D, ngm mu 96

gi theo tiu chun 22TCN 34606.

3.5 Cp phi thin nhin khng c c b thc vt v st cc.


3.6 Khi vt liu cp phi thin nhin khai thc ra m khng t cc yu cu k thut nu ti Bng 1 v
Bng 2 th phi ci thin v la chn bin php ci thin sao cho thch hp. Thng s dng cc bin
php ci thin sau:
- Khi thnh phn ht nh hn hoc bng 2mm vt qu gii hn cho php, phi sng lc b bt;
- Khi thnh phn cp phi thiu c ht ln hn hoc bng 4.75mm, phi trn thm dm hoc si
cui;
- Khi ch s do ln, phi trn thm mt t l ct ht nh hoc trn thm vi;
- Khi dng cp phi sng, sui khng t ch s do th phi trn thm mt t l t st;
- Khi c nhng ht ct liu 50mm th phi sng loi b hoc nghin v chng lt qua sng 50mm.

TCVN 8857:2011
4 Yu cu thi cng
4.1 Cng tc chun b
4.1.1 Cc lp pha di (lp y o ng hay mng o ng) phi hon thnh v c nghim
thu m bo cht, kch thc hnh hc, cao theo yu cu ca thit k trc khi thi cng lp
cp phi thin nhin.
4.1.2 Vt liu cp phi thin nhin phi tp kt thnh ng bi cha vt liu, tin hnh th nghim
kim tra cc ch tiu k thut nu trong iu 3, nu t cc yu cu k thut th mi c php vn
chuyn n mt ng.
4.1.3 Cn th nghim m nn xc nh gi tr m tt nht v khi lng th tch kh ln nht
phc v cho cng tc lu ln.
4.1.4 Thi cng on ri th: Trc khi thi cng i tr phi tin hnh ri th trn on ng c
di 50m rng ti thiu 2,75m (chiu rng mt na mt ng hoc mt ln xe). Cn tnh ton ri
lp mng ng chiu dy thit k vi h s ln p K (h s ny thng thng K=1,251,35 v c
xc nh chnh xc sau khi ri th). Xc nh s ln lu ln thch hp vi tng loi thit b lu v quan h
gia m, s ln lu, cht sau khi ri th.
4.2 Vn chuyn cp phi
4.2.1 Xe t vn chuyn phi l xe t hnh, c thng xe t . Dng t vn chuyn cp phi t bi
tp kt ra hin trng, khi xc ln xe t nn dng my xc bng gu, nu dng th cng th dng st
chuyn ln xe, khng dng xng ht ln xe. Khi cp phi t xe xung ng th phi thnh
ng, khong cch gia cc ng phi tnh ton sao cho cng san t nht hn ch s phn tng
ca cp phi. Chiu cao cp phi t xe vn chuyn xung khng ln hn 1m.
4.2.2 Cp phi khi xc v vn chuyn phi c m thch hp sau khi san v lu ln cp phi c
m nm trong phm vi gi tr m ln cn gi tr m tt nht, vi sai s cho php 1%.
4.3 San cp phi
4.3.1 Cp phi khi san ri thnh lp cn m bo m; nu kh th phi ti thm nc m
bo khi lu ln cp phi trng thi m tt nht. Cng vic ti nc c thc hin nh sau:
- Dng bnh hoa sen ti nhm trnh cc ht nh tri i.
- Dng xe tc vi vi phun cm tay chch ln tri to ma.
- Ti trong khi san ri cp phi nc thm u.
4.3.2 Tu thuc vo phng tin hin c san ri cp phi bng my san hoc my ri ng vi
chiu dy mi lp ( lu ln cht) nhng khng c qu 20cm. Thao tc v tc san ri sao cho
to b mt bng phng, khng gn sng, khng phn tng v hn ch s ln qua li khng cn thit

TCVN 8857:2011
ca my. Qu trnh san cn m bo dc dc v d dc ngang thit k, m bo thot nc tt khi
gp tri ma.
4.3.3 Trong qu trnh san ri cp phi nu thy c hin tng phn tng, gn sng hoc nhng du
hiu khng thch hp th phi tm bin php khc phc ngay. Ti khu vc c hin tng phn tng,
phi trn li hoc thay bng cp phi khc nhm bo m cht lng.
4.3.4 Trc khi ri cp phi lp sau, mt ca lp di phi m m bo lin kt gia cc lp
cng nh trnh h hng ca cc lp mt. V vy nn tin hnh thi cng ngay lp sau khi lp trc
thi cng m bo yu cu k thut v c nghim thu theo quy nh ca thit k. Bin php m bo
cht yu cu mp mt ng do Nh thu xut v c Ch u t chp thun.
4.4 Lu ln
4.4.1 Ngay sau khi san ri cp phi, tin hnh kim tra m. Ch tin hnh lu ln vi m cp phi
l m tt nht vi sai s cho php trong khong 1%.
4.4.2 Trnh t lu ln (loi lu, s lu, s ln lu/im) c tin hnh trn c s kt qu ca on ri
th. Phi sa cha ngay nhng ch khng bng phng, gn sng trong qu trnh lu.
4.4.3 Khi ang thi cng gp tri ma th phi ngng san, ri v lu ln cp phi, i tnh ma nc
bc hi n khi m t m tt nht mi c thi cng tip.
4.4.4 Phi m bo cht lu ln K 0,98 theo th nghim m nn ci tin 22 TCN 33306, phng
php D. Vi cc mt ng cp thp B1, B2, cht lu ln phi m bo K 0,95.
4.5 Bo dng
4.5.1 i vi lp mt loi B1, B2 bng cp phi thin nhin th sau khi thi cng xong trong vng t 7
n 14 ngy cn phi thc hin cc bc sau y:
- iu chnh cho xe chy phn b u trn b rng phn xe chy;
- Qut ct sn lp bo v vng ra ngoi tr li phn xe chy;
- Nu nng kh phi ti m u trn phn xe chy mi ngy mt ln.
4.5.2 i vi lp mng bng cp phi thin nhin:
- Nu phi bo m thng xe trn mng th vic bo dng cng phi c thc hin theo quy nh
ti 4.5.1 (trong trng hp ny cng nn ri ct sn bo v b mt, nu thi gian ch i thi cng lp
trn di hng thng m vn phi m bo giao thng vi lu lng 50 xe/ngy m);
- Nu lp trn c thi cng ngay trong vng mt tun th khng cn lm lp bo v, vic bo dng
lc ny c thc hin bng cch iu chnh xe v ti m nh trn.

TCVN 8857:2011
5 Kim tra nghim thu
5.1 Ni dung kim tra
5.1.1 Kch thc hnh hc
a Sai s chiu rng: 10 cm, ring i vi lp mng khng c sai s m v chiu rng.
b Sai s chiu dy : i vi lp b mt v lp mng trn 0,5 cm.
i vi lp mng di 2 cm n +1,0 cm
c Sai s v dc ngang mt ng v l ng : 5 (nm phn nghn)
5.1.2 bng phng thc 3m: theo quy nh ti TCVN 8864:2011
5.1.3 H s m ln: kim tra theo 22TCN 34606 vi cht yu cu quy nh ti 4.4.4.
5.1.4 Thnh phn cp phi: ly mu sng kim tra t l phn trm ca cc ht phi nm trong phm vi
ng bao cp phi quy nh ti Bng 1.
5.1.5 Cc ch tiu k thut khc: Cc s liu th nghim khc phi t tr s th nghim yu cu nu ti
Bng 2.
5.2 Khi lng kim tra
5.2.1 i vi cp phi vn chuyn n bi cha vt liu:
C 200 m3 phi th nghim kim tra tt c cc ch tiu quy nh nu ti Bng 1 v Bng 2. Trng hp
khi lng thi cng yu cu nh hn 200m3 cng phi th nghim tt c cc ch tiu quy nh nu trn.
5.2.2 Trong qu trnh thi cng (ti hin trng):
a Kim tra kch thc hnh hc (chiu rng , chiu dy, dc ngang): mi Km ng kim tra ti
thiu 5 mt ct ; trn mi mt ct kim tra b dy 2 v tr;
b Kim tra thnh phn ht cp phi c 200m3 /1 mu, hoc mt ca thi cng kim tra 1 mu;
c Xc nh dung trng thc t hin trng v cht K bng phu rt ct: c 100m di thi cng mt
ng phi kim tra mt v tr trn mi ln xe.
5.2.3 Nghim thu sau thi cng:
a Kim tra kch thc hnh hc (chiu rng, chiu dy, dc ngang mt v l ng): 3 mt
ct/1km ; Mi mt ct o b dy 2 v tr, ti tim ng v cch l ng 50 cm;
b Th nghim tt c cc ch tiu quy nh nu ti mc 5, i vi mt ng rng 7m th th nghim 3
mu/1km (cc loi mt ng c chiu rng ln hn th ni suy mt kim tra);
c Xc nh dung trng kh thc t hin trung v cht K bng phu rt ct, i vi mt ng
rng 7m th 3 mu /1km (cc loi mt ng c chiu rng ln hn th ni suy)
6 An ton lao ng v bo v mi trng
10

TCVN 8857:2011
6.1 Ti v tr m vt liu khai thc cp phi thin nhin cn phi c hon tr thm thc vt ph
hp v c bin php khng gy nh hng ti mi trng xung quanh. Cc v tr khai thc o su
cn phi c cc bin php cnh bo v an ton cho ngui v phng tin.
6.2 t t vn chuyn cp phi t bi tp kt ra hin trng cn phi c bt che khng gy ra
vng vi vt liu v khng gy bt c nh hng no cho ngi v phng tin tham gia giao thng
trn ng vn chuyn,
6.3 Ti hin trng thi cng cn tun th cc iu kin quy nh sau :
6.3.1 Trc v trong khi thi cng phi t bin bo hiu Cng trng u v cui on ng thi
cng, b tr ngi v bng hng dn ng giao thng trong cng trng v cho cc phng tin
giao thng trn ng trong iu kin thi cng cc cng trnh ang khai thc. Quy nh s kim
sot hot ng cung cp vt liu, san v lu ln ca cc thit b thi cng trnh mt an ton giao
thng. Thi cng ban m phi c h thng chiu sng ph hp.
6.3.2 Thit b lu cn phi c la chn gim ti thiu cc nh hng trc tip v ting n ti sinh
hot cng ng, c bit l thi cng trong khu vc dn c.
6.3.3 Cc cng nhn iu khin thit b thi cng v cng nhn lao ng th cng cn c hng
dn cc quy tc an ton lao ng trc khi thi cng.
6.3.4 Cc my mc v thit b thi cng cn c kim tra, duy tr hot ng tt trc v trong sut
qu trnh thi cng.

11

Vin Tiu chun Cht lng Vit Nam chu trch nhim xut bn,

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilised in

pht hnh v gi bn quyn Tiu chun Quc gia (TCVN). Khng

any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying

c in, sao chp TCVN nu cha c php ca Vin Tiu

and microfilm, without permission in writing from Vietnam Standards and

chun Cht lng Vit Nam.

Quality Institute (VSQI).

a ch: Vin Tiu chun Cht lng Vit Nam

Address: Vietnam Standards and Quality Institutee (VSQI)

S 8 Hong Quc Vit, Cu Giy, H Ni

8 Hoang Quoc Viet Str, Cau Giay Dist, Hanoi, Vietnam

Tel: (84-4) 37564269 /37562807 * Fax: (84-4) 38 361771

Tel: ( 84-4 ) 37564269/ 37562807 *

E-mail: info@vsqi.org.vn * Website: www.vsqi.org.vn

E-mail: info@vsqi.org.vn *

Fax: (84 - 4) 38 361 771

Website: www.vsqi.org.vn

TCVN 8858 : 2011

TCVN

TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN 8858 : 2011


Xut bn ln 1

MNG CP PHI DM V CP PHI THIN NHIN


GIA C XI MNG TRONG KT CU O NG TTHI CNG V NGHIM THU
Cement Treated Aggregate Bases for Road Pavement
Specification for Construction and Acceptance

H NI 2011

TCVN 8858 : 2011

TCVN 8858 : 2011

Mc lc

Trang
1 Phm vi p dng ...5
2 Ti liu vin dn....5
3 Thut ng, nh ngha..6
4 Yu cu i vi vt liu6
5 Cng tc chun b thi cng....10
6 Cng ngh thi cng lp cp phi dm gia c xi mng khi s dng trm trn......12
7 Cng ngh thi cng lp cp phi thin nhin gia c xi mng theo phng php trn ti
ng.14
8 Yu cu i vi vic kim tra nghim thu..15
9 Quy nh v an ton lao ng v bo v mi trng..17

TCVN 8858 : 2011

Li ni u

TCVN 8858 : 2011 c chuyn i t 22TCN 334-06 theo quy nh ti


khon 1 iu 69 ca Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut v im a
khon 1 iu 7 Ngh nh s 127/2007/N-CP ngy 1/8/2008 ca Chnh
ph quy nh chi tit thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Tiu chun v quy
chun k thut.
TCVN 8858 : 2011 do Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh Giao thng Vn ti
bin son, B Giao thng Vn ti ngh, Tng Cc Tiu chun o lng
Cht lng thm nh, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh cng b.

TCVN 8858 : 2011

TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN 8858 : 2011

Mng cp phi dm v cp phi thin nhin gia c xi mng


trong kt cu o ng t- Thi cng v nghim thu
Cement Treated Aggregate Bases for Road Pavement - Specification for Construction and
Acceptance

Phm vi p dng

1.1 Tiu chun ny p dng cho vic thi cng v nghim thu lp mng trn hoc lp mng di bng
vt liu cp phi dm hoc cp phi thin nhin gia c xi mng trong kt cu o ng t v trong
mt ng sn bay.
1.2 Khi dng lp cp phi gia c xi mng lm lp mng trn th b dy ti thiu tng mt b tng
nha t trc tip ln n phi tun th cc quy nh ti 2.2.9 trong 22TCN-211-06).
1.3 Tiu chun ny cng c p dng cho thi cng v nghim thu lp mt bng cp phi gia c xi
mng, tng ng vi loi kt cu mt ng cp cao A2 trong 22TCN-211-06) vi iu kin trn lp
ny t nht phi c lng nha theo TCVN 8863:2011.
1.4 Cho php s dng cht ph gia lm chm ninh kt to thun li cho vic thi cng cp phi gia
c xi mng nhng vic la chn cht ph gia c th phi thng qua th nghim, lm th v phi c
cp xt duyt thit k chp thun.

Ti liu vin dn
Cc ti liu vin dn sau l rt cn thit cho vic p dng tiu chun ny. i vi cc ti liu vin

dn ghi nm cng b th p dng bn c nu. i vi cc ti liu vin dn khng ghi nm cng b th p


dng phin bn mi nht, bao gm c cc sa i, b sung (nu c).
TCVN 2682 : 1999 Xi mng Pooclng - Yu cu k thut.
TCVN 4506 : 1987 Nc cho b tng v va Yu cu k thut.
22TCN 211-06*) o ng mm cc yu cu v ch dn thit k.
22 TCN 333-06*) Tiu chun m nn t, dm trong phng th nghim.
_____________________
*)

Cc tiu chun ngnh TCN s c chuyn i thnh TCVN

TCVN 8858 : 2011


TCVN 6260 : 1997 Xi mng poclng hn hp Yu cu k thut.
TCVN 7572-13 : 2006 Ct liu b tng v va - Phng php th - Phn 13: Xc nh hm lng
thoi dt trong ct liu ln.
TCVN 8817-1 : 2011 Nh tng nha ng a xt Phn 1 : Yu cu k thut.
TCVN 8818-1 : 2011 Nha ng lng Phn 1 : Yu cu k thut.
TCVN 8857:2011 Lp kt cu o ng t bng cp phi thin nhin - Vt liu, thi cng v nghim
thu.
TCVN 8859:2011 Lp mng cp phi dm trong kt cu o ng t Vt liu, thi cng v
nghim thu.
TCVN 8862:2011 Quy trnh th nghim xc nh cng ko khi p ch ca vt liu ht lin kt
bng cc cht kt dnh.
TCVN 8863:2011 Mt ng lng nha nng Thi cng v nghim thu.

Thut ng, nh ngha

Trong tiu chun ny p dng thut ng, nh ngha sau:


3.1 Cp phi dm (CPD) hoc cp phi thin nhin (CPTN) gia c xi mng trong tiu chun ny
l mt hn hp vt liu ht c thnh phn ht theo nguyn l cp phi em trn vi xi mng theo mt
t l nht nh ri lu ln cht m tt nht trc khi xi mng ninh kt. Trong Tiu chun ny c
gi chung l cp phi gia c xi mng.
3.2 Cp phi dm nu ti 1.1 l loi c nghin ton b (CPD loi I) hoc nghin mt phn
(CPD loi II) quy nh ti TCVN 8859:2011. Cp phi thin nhin nu ti 1.1 l loi khng nghin
(CPTN) quy nh ti TCVN 8857:2011.

Yu cu i vi vt liu

4.1 Thnh phn ht ca cp phi


4.1.1 Trng hp s dng CPD gia c xi mng, yu cu thnh phn ht ca CPD (k c CPD loi I
v loi II) tun th theo TCVN 8859:2011, xem Bng 1. Trong Bng 1, Dmax l c ht ln nht danh nh.

TCVN 8858 : 2011


Bng 1 - Yu cu v thnh phn ht ca cp phi dm gia c xi mng
T l % lt qua sng

Kch c l sng vung, mm

Dmax= 37,5

Dmax= 31,5

50,0

100

37,5

95-100

100

31,5

95-100

25,0

79-90

19,0

58-78

67-83

9,5

39-59

49-64

4,75

24-39

34-54

2,36

15-30

25-40

0,425

7-19

12-24

0,075

2-12

2-12

C hai cp phi Bng 1 u c th s dng gia c vi xi mng lm lp mng trn hoc mng
di cho mi loi kt cu o ng cng hoc mm. Trng hp dng lm lp mng trn cho kt cu mt
ng cp cao A1 v lm lp mt quy nh ti 1.3 hoc lm lp mng trn ca mt ng cao tc v
ng cp I, II th ch nn dng CPD loi I c ht Dmax= 31,5 mm.
4.1.2 Trng hp s dng CPTN gia c xi mng th thnh phn ht ca CPTN nn tun th nh vi loi
A, B v C TCVN 8857:2011, xem Bng 2.
Bng 2 - Yu cu v thnh phn ht ca cp phi thin nhin gia c xi mng
T l % lt qua sng

Kch c l sng vung,


mm

Cp phi loi
A

Cp phi loi
B

Cp phi loi
C

37,5

100

100

25,0

75-95

100

9,5

30-65

40-75

50-85

4,75

25-55

30-60

35-65

2,0

15-40

20-45

25-50

0,425

8-20

15-30

15-30

0,075

2-8

5-15

5-15

TCVN 8858 : 2011


C th s dng cc loi CPTN Bng 2 gia c xi mng lm lp mng di cho mi kt cu o
ng cng hoc mm v ch nn s dng chng lm lp mng trn cho mt ng t ng cp III tr
xung. Khi dng lm lp mng trn nn s dng CPTN c lng lt sng trn 90%.
Cc loi CPTN loi B v C cng c th gia c xi mng lm lp mt trn c lng nha cho kt cu
o ng cp cao A2.
4.2 Vt liu ht CPD hoc CPTN dng gia c xi mng lm lp mng trn yu cu ch tiu Los
Angeles (LA) khng vt qu 35%, trng hp dng lm lp mng di (khng trc tip vi tng mt
ca lp kt cu o ng) yu cu khng vt qu 45%.
4.3 Hn hp cp phi phi c hm lng tp cht hu c khng c vt qu 2%, hm lng mui
Sunft khng c qu 0.25%, ch s do phi nh hn 6% (vi CPTN cho php ch s do 12) v t
l thoi dt xc nh theo TCVN 7572-13:2006 khng c qu 18%.
4.4 lm lp mng trn cho lp mng tng cng trn mt ng c th ch nn s dng CPD
loi I hoc loi II gia c xi mng. Lu lng xe ln th nn dng CPD loi I.
4.5 Yu cu i vi xi mng
4.5.1 Xi mng thng dng trong cp phi gia c xi mng l cc loi xi mng Poclng c cc c
trng k thut ph hp vi cc quy nh ti TCVN 2682:1999 hoc xi mng Poclng hn hp c cc
c trng k thut ph hp vi cc quy nh ti TCVN 6260:1997. Xi mng s dng trong cp phi
gia c xi mng c mc khng nh hn 30 MPa.
4.5.2 Lng xi mng poclng ti thiu dng gia c CPD l 3%, dng gia c CPTN l 4% tnh
theo khi lng hn hp ct liu kh. Lng xi mng cn thit phi c xc nh thng qua th
nghim trong phng t cc yu cu i vi gia c xi mng quy nh ti 4.7 (thng khng qu
6% khi gia c CPD v khng qu 10% khi gia c CPTN).
4.5.3 Lng xi mng p dng khi thi cng thc t hay lng xi mng a vo h s thit k, c xt
n s phn b khng ng u ca xi mng trong hn hp cp phi gia c xi mng khi trn, phi ly
ln hn lng xi mng xc nh thng qua th nghim trong phng 0,2 % i vi CPD, 0,3% i vi
CPTN khi trn hn hp ti trm trn; 0,5% i vi CPTN khi trn hn hp ti ch (trn ng).
4.5.4 Xi mng phi c thi gian bt u ninh kt ti thiu l 120 pht. Khi s dng cht ph gia lm
chm ninh kt th phi theo quy nh ti 1.4.
4.6 Yu cu i vi nc dng trn cp phi gia c xi mng nh yu cu v nc dng cho b
tng v va quy nh ti TCVN 4506:1987.
4.7 Yu cu i vi cng cp phi gia c xi mng
4.7.1

Yu cu cng cp phi dm phi tho mn hai ch tiu l cng chu nn gii hn v

cng p ch gii hn theo Bng 3.

TCVN 8858 : 2011


Bng 3 - Yu cu i vi cng cp phi gia c xi mng
Cng gii hn yu cu, MPa
V tr lp cp phi gia c xi mng

Chu nn (sau 14

Chu p ch (sau

ngy tui)

14 ngy tui)

4,0

0,45

3,0

0,35

1,5

Khng yu cu

Lp mng trn ca tng mt b tng


nha v BTXM ca ng cao tc,
ng cp I, cp II hoc lp mt c
lng nha quy nh ti 1.3
Lp mng trn trong cc trng hp
khc
Lp mng di trong mi trng hp

4.7.2

Tr s ghi trong bng 3 l tng ng vi cc iu kin sau:


Mu nn hnh tr c ng knh 152 mm, cao 117 mm v c to mu sau khi trn cp phi vi xi

mng 2 gi m tt nht vi khi lng th tch kh ln nht (ci proctor ci tin) quy nh ti
22TCN 333-06). Mu c bo dng m 7 ngy v 7 ngy ngm nc ri em nn vi tc gia ti khi
nn l (61) KPa/s. Kt qu nn mu phi nhn vi h s 0,96 ( quy i v cng nn mu lp
phng 150x150x150 cm). Cng chu nn tng ng vi mt t l xi mng l tr s trung bnh ca ti
thiu 3 mu th nghim.
Cng c th ch b v nn mu lp phng 150x150x150 cm vi cc iu kin ni trn (trng hp
ny kt qu nn mu c nhn vi h s 1,0). Cng chu nn tng ng vi mt t l xi mng l tr
s trung bnh ca ti thiu 3 mu th nghim.
Mu p ch cng c ch to sau khi trn cp phi vi xi mng c 2 gi vi m, cht
ging nh mu nn v bo dng nh mu nn, sau c th nghim xc nh cng chu p ch
quy nh ti TCVN 8862: 2011. Cng chu p ch tng ng vi mt t l xi mng l tr s trung bnh
ca ti thiu 3 mu th nghim.
Cc mu khoan ly hin trng phi c ng knh d ti thiu bng 3 ln c ht ln nht ca hn
hp cp phi gia c xi mng. Dng khoan b tng c ng knh trong mi khoan l 10 cm i vi CPD
c Dmax = 31,5; CPTN loi C hoc ng knh trong mi khoan 15 cm i vi CPD c Dmax = 37,5;
CPTN loi A v B. Khi p kim tra cng chu nn th tu theo t s h/d khc nhau ca mu, kt qu
nn c nhn vi h s hiu chnh Bng 4.

TCVN 8858 : 2011


Bng 4 - H s hiu chnh cng nn mu khoan hin trng theo t s h/d
ng knh trong mi khoan l 10 cm
T s h/d ca mu
khoan

ng knh trong mi khoan l 15 cm

H s hiu chnh

T s h/d ca mu

H s hiu chnh

cng nn mu

khoan

cng nn mu
khoan

khoan

1,0

1,07

1,0

1,08

1,2

1,09

1,1

1,09

1,4

1,12

1,2

1,10

1,6

1,15

1,3

1,11

1,8

1,18

Cng tc chun b thi cng

5.1 Trc khi thi cng phi tin hnh mi th nghim kim tra cht lng vt liu theo cc yu cu quy
nh ti Mc 4, phi tin hnh th nghim m nn tiu chun (ci proctor ci tin) quy nh ti 22TCN 33306) ng vi hn hp cp phi xi mng c thit k (vi t l xi mng thit k) xc nh chnh xc
m tt nht W op v khi lng th tch kh ln nht kmax, ng thi phi cn c vo kt qu th nghim
m nn ny tin hnh c mu kim tra cc ch tiu cng nu Bng 3. Cc kt qu u phi
c pha t vn gim st xc nhn v chp thun trn c s cc quy nh ti Mc 3 ca Tiu chun ny.
Nu kt qu th nghim khng t yu cu Bng 3 th cn phi trao i vi t vn thit k v t vn gim
st thay i t l xi mng ri lp li cc th nghim ni trn.
5.2 Chun b thi cng lp CPD gia c xi mng
5.2.1 Vic ch to hn hp CPD gia c xi mng phi c tin hnh trm trn, khng cho php trn
trn ng. Trm trn phi c cc iu kin sau:
Thit b cn ong phi m bo chnh xc, c bit l b phn cn ong lng xi mng v lng
nc; sai s cn ong cho php i vi ct liu l 2%, vi xi mng l 0.5% v vi nc l 1% theo
khi lng.
Thit b trn hn hp cp phi gia c xi mng phi l thit b cng bc;
Nng sut v v tr ca trm trn phi tng ng vi on dy chuyn thi cng sao cho m bo
c thi gian trn, chuyn ch, ri v m nn kt thc trc thi gian bt u ninh kt ca hn hp gia
c xi mng i vi xi mng quy nh ti 4.5 (thng thng l 100 pht) v i vi xi mng c s dng ph
gia lm chm ninh kt th phi theo quy nh ti 1.4.

10

TCVN 8858 : 2011


5.2.2 Yu cu v thit b thi cng
Nh thu phi c cc loi thit b sau:
Xe bn hoc t ben c bt ph thng xe chuyn ch hn hp cp phi gia c xi mng;
My ri: Trng hp khng c my ri th cho php dng my san san gt thnh tng lp;
Vn khun thp c nh xung lp di to b vch vt ri;
Lu bnh thp 8-10 tn; lu bnh lp loi 4 tn/bnh vi p sut lp ln hn 0.5MPa hoc lu rung
bnh cng c thng s M/L 20-30 (M l khi lng rung tnh bng kg; L l chiu rng bnh lu rung tnh
bng cm);
Thit b tn tr, bm ht, phun ti nh tng (nu thc hin vic bo dng lp gia c xi mng
bng nh tng); thit b phun ti nc (nu bo dng bng cch ph ct ti nc);
m rung hoc m cc loi nh m nn cc di mp.
5.3 Chun b thi cng lp CPTN gia c xi mng: Vic trn CPTN vi xi mng c th thc hin trm trn
(nh trn CPD vi xi mng) hoc cng c th trn ti ng. Nu trn ti trm th nh thu phi c
cc trang thit b quy nh ti 5.2.1 v 5.2.2. Nu trn ng th khng c dng my san m phi
dng my phay vi thit b phun nc km theo (cc thit b lu v bo ng cng cn chun b nh quy
nh ti 5.2.2).
5.4 Nh thu phi tnh ton, thit k dy chuyn cng ngh thi cng chi tit m bo sao cho mi ca
ch mt khe thi cng, tc l vic ri, m nn v hon thin c thc hin lin tc trong mt ca vi cc
iu kin khng ch sau:
Hn hp cp phi gia c xi mng ri ra ng khng c qu 30 pht ri mi lu.
Ton b qu trnh cng ngh thi cng t khi nc vo trn n khi lu ln, hon thin xong b
mt lp gia c xi mng khng vt qu thi gian bt u ninh kt ca xi mng.
Da vo dy chuyn cng ngh thit k, nh thu phi t chc thi cng ri th 1 on ti thiu l
100m trc khi trin khai thi cng i tr, vi s chng kin ca t vn gim st, qua rt kinh nghim
hon chnh quy trnh v dy chuyn cng ngh, ng thi qua kim tra cht lng cp phi gia c xi
mng trn thc t; kim tra kh nng thc s ca trm trn, ca cc phng tin xe, my; kim tra cc li
ra, vo v cc ch quay u ca xe my.
5.5 Nh thu phi chun b cc thit b phc v cng tc kim tra cht lng trong qu trnh thi cng v
nghim thu sau khi thi cng xong gm cc hng mc quy nh ti Mc 7, phi chun b mt s mi che
phng khi ma t ngt trong qu trnh thi cng.
5.6 Phi tu sa v lu 2-3 ln trn im lng ng hoc mng pha di lp cp phi gia c xi mng
bo m lng ng hoc mng pha di vng chc, ng u v t dc ngang quy nh; nu dng
cp phi gia c xi mng lm lp mng tng cng trn mt ng c th phi pht hin, x l trit cc
v tr cao su, g v phi v sa, b vnh mt ng c. Lp b vnh phi c thi cng trc bng cc
11

TCVN 8858 : 2011


vt liu c c ht thch hp vi chiu dy b vnh, tuyt i khng c thi cng lp b vnh gp vi lp
mng tng cng. Nu pha di l lng ng hoc lp mng c th thm ht nc th phi ti m
nc trc khi ri hoc trn cp phi gia c xi mng.

Cng ngh thi cng lp cp phi dm gia c xi mng khi s dng trm trn

6.1 Ti trm trn


6.1.1 Cp phi dng gia c xi mng c th c a vo my trn theo mt trong hai phng thc
sau:
Cp phi c sn xut c thnh phn ht t sn yu cu Bng 1 hoc Bng 2.
Cp phi c to thnh t nhiu c ht c a vo my trn ring r theo nhng t l tnh ton
trc sau khi trn s t c thnh phn ht yu cu Bng 1 hoc Bng 2;
Ti ni iu khin ca trm trn, d theo phng thc no cng cn c bng ghi r khi lng phi
liu (k c khi lng xi mng v nc) tin kim tra vi sai s quy nh ti 4.2.1.
6.1.2 Trong mi ca hoc khi ma nng thay i cn phi th nghim xc nh m ca , ct kip
thi iu chnh lng nc a vo my trn.
6.1.3 Cng ngh trn phi c tin hnh theo hai giai on:
Trn kh vi xi mng;
Trn vi nc;
Thi gian trn ca mi giai on phi c xc nh thng qua trn th (vi s chp thun ca t
vn gim st) tu thuc loi thit b trn thc t s dng;
6.1.4 trnh hn hp sau khi trn b phn tng, th chiu cao ri ca hn hp trn k t ming ra
ca my trn n thng xe ca xe chuyn ch khng c ln hn 1,5 m. Thng xe ca hn hp phi
c ph bt kn (chng mt nc).
6.2 Thi cng ti hin trng
6.2.1 H s lu ln ca lp cp phi gia c xi mng c xc nh bng t s gia tr s khi lng th tch
kh ln nht kmax, ca hn hp c xc nh theo th nghim m nn tiu chun quy nh ti 5.1 vi
tr s khi lng th tch kh ca hn hp lc ra khi my trn. H s ny c chnh xc ho thng qua
vic tin hnh ri th quy nh ti 5.4.
6.2.2 Vic ri cp phi gia c xi mng phi c thc hin bng my ri trong vn khun thp c nh (tr
trng hp s dng my ri vn khun trt). Chiu cao ca vn khun phi bng b dy ca lp hn
hp gia c xi mng sau khi lu ln cht nhn vi h s lu ln quy nh ti 5.2.1. Nu ri bng my ri th xe
ch hn hp trn trc tip vo my ri. Nu ri bng my san th xe thnh ng vi c ly tnh
ton trc tin cho my san gt thnh lp.

12

TCVN 8858 : 2011


6.2.3 Lp kt cu cp phi gia c xi mng (sau khi lu ln cht) c b dy nh hn hoc bng 18 cm ch
c php thi cng mt ln (ri mt ln v lu ln n cht yu cu). Trng hp lp kt cu cp phi
gia c xi mng (sau khi lu ln cht) c b dy ln hn 18 cm c phn thnh cc lp. Sau khi lu ln
xong lp di c th thi cng ngay lp trn (trc phi ti m b mt lp di). Nu lm xong lp
di nhng khng c iu kin lm ngay lp trn th phi tin hnh bo dng lp di nh quy nh ti
6.2.8. Nh thu phi c thit b m bo c yu cu thi cng trn y. Vic kim tra kh nng thi
cng ca nh thu c thc hin thng qua kt qu nh gi cht lng m nn khi thi cng ri th quy
nh ti 5.4.
6.2.4 Hn hp cp phi gia c xi mng phi c lu ln m tt nht vi sai s cho php v m l
-1% (khng cho php m ln hn m tt nht) v phi c m nn cht K = 1,0 theo kt qu
th nghim m nn tiu chun quy nh ti 5.1.
t cht yu cu trc tin dng lu va bnh st lu s b 2 ln/im, sau phi dng mt
trong hai loi lu bnh lp hoc lu rung quy nh ti 5.2.2 lm lu ch yu. Nu dng lu lp th s ln lu cn
thit khong 15-20 ln/im; nu dng lu rung th cn khong 6-10 ln/im. Cui cng dng lu bnh st lu
l phng (s ln lu cn thit phi c chnh xc ho thng qua kt qu thi cng ri th quy nh ti 5.4).
Trng hp khng c lu rung hoc lu bnh lp th c th dng lu nng bnh nhn lu cht nhng phi
thng qua ri th xc nh b dy lu ln thch hp (phi c s chp thun ca t vn gim st).
6.2.5 Vic hon thin b mt lp gia c phi c thc hin ngay trong qu trnh lu ln nhng ch c
gt phng cc ch li, vt liu tha sau khi gt phng phi b i khng c s dng li. Trng hp c
nhng vt lm ln, chiu su vt lm ln hn 1 cm quy nh ti 8.8, phi cy xi khu vc vt lm, b ph
bng vt liu mi ri san phng trc khi lu ln.
6.2.6 Ton b qu trnh ri, lu ln v hon thin b mt phi c thc hin trong thi gian khng ch
quy nh ti 5.4.
6.2.7 Yu cu thi cng i vi cc ch ni tip dc v ngang
Phi dng m rung loi nh m nn b sung cc ch ln cn vi b vch ca vn khun thp
t hai bn vt ri v hai bn khe ngang ngng thi cng trong mi ca;
Vn khun thp cng phi c t cui vt ri ca mi ca thi cng (t thng gc vi vt ri)
to khe ngng thi cng;
ch ni tip vt ri gia cc on lu ln trong cng mt ca thi cng, ngoi vic phi khng ch
nghim ngt iu kin v mt thi gian nh quy nh ti 4.5 ra, cn phi xo xi li ch hn hp ri
trong phm vi 60 cm cui ca on ri trc ri trn thm 50% khi lng hn hp mi ch n v san
gt u trc khi lu tip on sau. Cn tng thm s ln lu ti ch ni tip ny;
Trc khi ri tip cc vt ri bn cnh hoc ri tip sau mi khe ngng thi cng, phi tho vn
khun thp v ti m nc cc vch ni tip dc v ngang.

13

TCVN 8858 : 2011


6.2.8 Yu cu bo dng: Sau bn gi k t khi lu ln xong (nu nhit khng kh ngoi tri ln hn
30oC th sau hai gi) phi tin hnh ph kn b mt lp cp phi gia c xi mng bo dng bng mt
trong hai cch sau:
Ti nh tng nha ng a xt vi lng 0,8-1,0 lt/m2; yu cu nh tng ph kn u v phi
qut nh tng kn c cc b vch ch ni tip dc v ngang;
Ph kn 5 cm ct trn b mt lp v ti nc gi cho ct m lin tc trong 7 ngy.
t nht sau 14 ngy bo dng nh trn mi cho thi cng tip lp kt cu bn trn (trc phi
qut dn sch lp ct bo dng).
Trng hp c nhu cu phi m bo giao thng th phi xem xt c th cng lp cp phi gia
c xi mng sau 14 ngy, xc nh loi ti trng xe i trn lp cp phi gia c xi mng. Tc xe chy
khng qu 30 km/h.

Cng ngh thi cng lp cp phi thin nhin gia c xi mng theo phng php trn

ti ng
7.1 Trn hn hp CPTN v xi mng ti ng
7.1.1 Ri cp phi sau khi lng ng hoc mng di c chun b t c cc yu cu ni
im 4.6, CPTN do t ch ti phi c thnh ng vi c ly tnh ton trc tip my san c
th san gt d dng thnh mt lp dy trong phm vi thi cng ( dy c ngha l vi lp sau khi trn
vi xi mng v lu ln cht s c mt lp cp phi gia c xi mng c b dy va bng b dy thit k); c
th l b dy ri cp phi Hri trn vi xi mng theo phng php trn ti ng c xc nh theo
biu thc sau:
Hri =

CPxi
CP

100 p

Htk
100

Trong :

CPxi l khi lng th tch kh ca cp phi gia c xi mng yu cu sau khi lu ln cht (yu cu
nh ni im 5.2.4), g/cm3;

CP l khi lng th tch kh ca cp phi lc ri ra ng (cha trn vi xi mng v cha lu ln),


g/cm3;
p l t l xi mng em trn vi cp phi, %;
Htk l b dy thit k ca lp cp phi gia c xi mng, cm.
7.1.2 Ri xi mng: Xi mng phi c phn b u trn b mt lp cp phi ri bng my ri xi mng
ri (nu c) hoc bng phng php th cng vi xi mng ng bao.
Vic ri xi mng th cng c thc hin bng cch xp cc bao xi mng vi khi lng bit t
cch nhau vi mt c ly tnh trc (m bo lng xi mng theo t l p %), sau ng lot rch
ming bao, trt xi mng ngay ti ch.
14

TCVN 8858 : 2011


T l xi mng khi trn ti ng c tng thm 1 % so vi t l th nghim trong phng v phi
c t vn thit k quy nh ngay trong n thit k.
7.1.3 Trn hn hp cp phi xi mng: Sau khi ri xi mng phi lp tc dng my phay trn kh cp phi
vi xi mng (2-3 ln/im), sau ti m v trn m (3-4 ln/im). Lng nc ti phi m bo cho
hn hp cp phi xi mng c m tt nht vi sai s 1% v c d phng lng m b bc hi trong qu
trnh trn, nht l khi thi tit nng v c gi.
7.2 San ri hn hp CPTN gia c xi mng trn
7.2.1

H s lu ln ca lp CPTN gia c xi mng c xc nh bng t s gia khi lng th tch kh

yu cu ca cp phi gia c sau khi lu ln cht CPxi vi tr s khi lng th tch kh ca hn hp sau
khi trn xong. H s ny thng bng 1,30 - 1,35 v thng qua thc hin ri th xc nh chnh xc.
7.2.2

Dng my san san gt m bo bng phng v ng dc ngang quy nh.

7.3 m nn hn hp CPTN gia c xi mng v hon thin b mt lp gia c sau khi lu ln


Cc khu cng vic ny cng c thc hin nh quy nh ti 6.2.4; 6.2.5; 6.2.6, ring sai s
cho php v m khi m nn l 1% so vi m tt nht.
7.4 Yu cu thi cng i vi cc vt ni tip dc v ngang
7.4.1

cc ch ni tip gia cc vt thi cng theo c chiu dc v chiu ngang, trc khi thi cng tip

on sau phi c bin php to b vch thng ng v ti m nc cc b vch . Trong trng hp


thi cng ti ng thng dng bin php ri rng p d m bo cht lng m nn; tip khi thi
cng cc vt sau c th dng nhn cng xn o to vch ng, chiu rng xn o ti thiu l 20 cm.
7.4.2

Ti cc ch ni tip phi tng thm s lt lu v ti cc ch ln cn b vch ni tip phi dng m

rung loi nh m nn thm.


7.5 Nu do b dy lp cp phi xi mng phi chia lm hai lp thi cng th sau khi lu ln xong lp di
c th thi cng ngay lp trn vi trnh t v cch lm ging nh vi lp di (trc phi ti m b mt
lp di). Nu lm xong lp di nhng khng c iu kin lm ngay lp trn th phi tin hnh bo
dng lp di nh quy nh ti 7.6.
7.6 Yu cu bo dng lp cp phi gia c xi mng: c thc hin nh quy nh ti 6.2.8.

Yu cu i vi vic kim tra v nghim thu

8. 1 Kim tra hn hp cp phi trc khi a vo my trn hoc trc khi ri ra ng


8.1.1

C 500 tn kim tra thnh phn ht mt ln, thnh phn ht phi nm trng phm vi quy nh ti

bng 1 hoc bng 2. i vi hn hp gm nhiu c ht ring r th phi ly mu kim tra trong my trn
trc khi cho xi mng vo theo quy nh ti 4.1. Kim tra sch ca ct liu mt ln thng qua ch s do
v t l tp cht hu c theo quy nh iu 4.3;

15

TCVN 8858 : 2011


8.1.2

C 2000 tn th kim tra hao mn ca ht bng th nghim Lt Angilt v t l thoi dt mt ln

theo quy nh quy nh ti 4.2 v 4.3;


8.1.3

Phi kim tra t l ht nghin v theo quy nh ti TCVN 8857:2011.

8. 2 Kim tra cht lng xi mng: Phi tun theo ng cc quy nh ti 4.5, k c cc quy nh v vn
chuyn v bo qun xi mng.
8. 3 Kim tra cht lng ca nc: Nh nc dng cho b tng quy nh ti 4.6 ca Tiu chun ny.
8. 4 Mi ca sn xut u phi kim tra m ca hn hp ct liu bng phng php rang cho hoc
thng sy kp iu chnh lng nc trn hn hp.
Ti hin trng, c mi ca thi cng phi ly mu trn hn hp trn v ch ra hin trng (ly
trn my ri hoc ly ng do xe ben xung ng hoc ly lp cp phi trn ti ng) th
nghim kim tra m ca hn hp trc khi lu ln.
8. 5 Kim tra cht sau khi lu ln
8.5.1

C mi on thi cng ca mt vt ri phi kim tra mt ln ngay sau khi lu ln xong lp hn hp gia

c xi mng bng phng php rt ct. Kt qu khi lng th tch kh ly trung bnh ca 3 mu th khng
c nh hn tr s kmax xc nh theo th nghim m nn tiu chun quy nh ti 5.1.
8.5.2

Ngoi ra thng xuyn kim tra b dy lp ri (c k n h s lu ln) m bo lp hn hp gia

c t c cht sau khi lu ln bng cao thit k.


8. 6 Kim tra cng ca hn hp gia c xi mng trm trn v hin trng sau khi thi cng: C
1000 tn hn hp c trn ti my hoc ti ng th phi ly mu c mu v th nghim nh quy
nh ti 4.7. Kt qu th nghim phi ph hp vi yu cu Bng 3.
8. 7 Trong qu trnh thi cng phi thng xuyn kim tra mi khu cng tc t cc khu trn hn hp gia
c n cc khu thi cng hin trng theo yu cu ni quy trnh ny; c bit phi ch trng kim tra
cc yu cu v khng ch thi gian quy nh ti 5.4 v cc yu cu v ch ni tip quy nh ti 6.2.7 hoc
7.4.
8. 8 Cc tiu chun nghim thu
C 1000 m di phn xe chy 1 ln xe phi khoan 6 mu (3 mu th nn, 3 mu th p ch)
khng cng trn mt mt ct m phn b u trn 1000 m kim tra cng nh quy nh ti 7.6,
ng thi kim tra chiu dy v khi lng th tch kh ca mu.Nu kt qu c l khoan v mu khng
t yu cu quy nh th ln cn vng phi khoan thm 2 mu na kim tra cho chc chn. Sai s
cho php v cng cc b l 5 % nh hn so vi yu cu Bng 3 (hoc yu cu quy nh trong n
thit k nhng trung bnh trn 1000 m khng c nh hn yu cu).
Sai s v cht cc b l -1% nhng trung bnh trn 1000 m khng c nh hn 1,0;
Sai s v b dy l 5%;

16

TCVN 8858 : 2011


Sai s v cao b mt mng l 1,0 cm n + 0,5 cm;
Sai s v b rng lp kt cu l 10 cm;
Sai s v dc ngang l 0,5%;
bng phng c th bng thc 3,0 m; khe h cho php khng c qu 5 mm; c 1000 m
phi kim tra ti thiu 5 v tr (5 mt ct ngang), mi v tr t thc kim tra i vi tng ln xe c theo
chiu dc v chiu ngang ng.

Quy nh v an ton lao ng v bo v mi trng

9.1 Tt c cc khu trong thi cng lp mng CPD hoc CPTN gia c xi mng trong kt cu o ng
t phi tun th y cc quy nh v bo v mi trng hin hnh. Trong h s bn v thi cng ca Nh
thu phi c cc bin php hu hiu bo m vic thi cng lp mng c s dng xi mng khng gy
nh hng ti cc cng trnh ph cn v nh hng n ngi lao ng v nhng ngi tham gia giao
thng trong iu kin phi bo m giao thng.
9.2 Phi bo m rng tt c nhng ngi thi cng trn cng trng hc xong lp An ton lao ng
v c chng ch v an ton lao ng. Phi c cc bin php hu hiu bo m an ton lao ng cho
my mc, thit b thi cng; ngi lao ng v nhng ngi v phng tin tham gia giao thng trong sut
qu trnh thi cng lp mng gia c xi mng. Phi trang b y cc trang thit b bo h lao ng nh
m, gng tay, khu trang, ng cho cng nhn thi cng lp dm gia c xi mng.
Trong h s bn v thi cng phi ra cc bin php hu hiu gim thiu cc tc ng nh
hng n sc khe ca ngi lao ng v an ton lao ng nh: ti nc trnh bi trong khu vc thi
cng, khuyn khch c gii ha cao trong sut qu trnh thi cng; nu ri xi mng ra ng bng tay phi
sao cho khng c r, r bao, khng c nhc ming bao qu cao trn b mt lp cp phi; trnh
tay chn tip xc trc tip vi hn hp xi mng.
__________________________

17

TCVN

TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN 8859 : 2011


Xut bn ln 1

LP MNG CP PHI DM
TRONG KT CU O NG TVT LIU, THI CNG V NGHIM THU
Graded Aggregate Bases and Subbases Pavement Specification for Construction and Acceptance

H NI 2011

TCVN 8859 : 2011

Mc lc

1 Phm vi p dng ...5


2 Ti liu vin dn.....5
3 Thut ng, nh ngha...6
4 Phn loi.6
5 Phm vi s dng cc loi CPD...6
6 Yu cu k thut i vi cp phi dm..7
7 Yu cu thi cng..10
8 Yu cu v cng tc kim tra, nghim thu.15
9 Quy nh v an ton lao ng v bo v mi trng...17

TCVN 8859 : 2011

Li ni u

TCVN 8859 : 2011 c chuyn i t 22TCN 334-06 theo quy nh ti khon 1 iu


69 ca Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut v im a khon 1 iu 7 Ngh nh s
127/2007/N-CP ngy 1/8/2008 ca Chnh ph quy nh chi tit thi hnh mt s iu
ca Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut.
TCVN 8859 : 2011 do Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh Giao thng Vn ti bin son, B
Giao thng Vn ti ngh, Tng Cc Tiu chun o lng Cht lng thm nh, B
Khoa hc v Cng ngh cng b.

TCVN 8859 : 2011

TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN 8859 : 2011

Lp mng cp phi dm trong kt cu o ng t Vt liu, thi cng v nghim thu


Graded Aggregate Bases and Subbases Pavement Specification for Construction and Acceptance

1 Phm vi p dng
1.1 Tiu chun ny quy nh nhng yu cu k thut v vt liu, cng ngh thi cng v
nghim thu lp mng cp phi dm (CPD) trong kt cu o ng ng t.
1.2 Tiu chun ny khng p dng cho cc lp mng bng vt liu cp phi t nhin nh:
cp phi si ong, si , cp phi si i, cp phi si (cui) sui v cc loi cp phi c ct liu bng
x l cao....

2 Ti liu vin dn
Cc ti liu sau y l cn thit p dng tiu chun ny. i vi cc ti liu vin dn ghi nm
cng b th p dng bn c nu. i vi cc ti liu vin dn khng ghi nm cng b th p dng bn
mi nht, bao gm c cc sa i, b sung (nu c) :
TCVN 7572-1 n 20 : 2006 Ct liu cho b-tng v va - Phng php th.
TCVN 4197:95 t xy dng - Phng php xc nh gii hn do v gii hn chy trong phng th
nghim.
TCVN 7572-12: 2006 Ct liu b tng v va-Phng php th-Phn 12: Xc nh hao mn khi
va p ca ct liu ln trong my Los Angeles.
TCVN 7572-10: 2006 Ct liu b tng v va-Phng php th-Phn 10: Xc nh cng v h s
ha mm ca gc.
22 TCN 332-06*) Quy trnh th nghim xc nh ch s CBR ca t, dm trong phng th nghim.
22 TCN 346-06

*)

*)

Quy trnh th nghim xc nh cht nn, mng ng bng phu rt ct.

Cc tiu chun ngnh TCN s c chuyn i thnh TCVN

TCVN 8859 : 2011


22 TCN 211-06*) Quy trnh thit k o ng mm.
22 TCN 274-01*) Tiu chun thit k mt ng mm.
22TCN 333-06* ) Quy trnh m nn t, dm trong phng th nghim.
TCVN 8864:2011 Mt ng t- Xc nh bng phng bng thc di 3,0 mt.
TCVN 8818-1:2011 Nha ng lng-Yu cu k thut-Phn 1.
TCVN 8817-1:2011 Nh tng nha ng axit-Yu cu k thut-Phn 1.

3 Thut ng, nh ngha


Trong tiu chun ny p dng thut ng, nh ngha sau:
3.1 Cp phi dm (Graded Aggregate)
L hn hp vt liu dng ht c thnh phn ht tun th nguyn l cp phi lin tc, k hiu l CPD.
3.2 C ht ln nht danh nh (Nominal maximum size of aggregate)
L c ht c ng knh ln nht quy c ca mt loi cp phi dm, k hiu l Dmax. C ht danh nh
ny nh hn so vi ng knh ca c ht ln nht tuyt i v t l hm lng lt qua sng ng vi c
ht danh nh ca mt loi cp phi dm thng chim t 75-95%.

4 Phn loi
Cp phi dm dng lm mng ng c chia lm hai loi:
4.1 Loi I: l cp phi ht m tt c cc c ht c nghin t nguyn khai.
4.2

Loi II: l cp phi ht c nghin t nguyn khai hoc si cui, trong c ht nh hn 2,36

mm c th l vt liu ht t nhin khng nghin nhng khi lng khng vt qu 50 %


khi lng CPD. Khi CPD c nghin t si cui th t nht 75 % s ht trn sng 9,5 mm phi c t
hai mt v tr ln.

5 Phm vi s dng cc loi CPD


5.1 CPD loi I c s dng lm lp mng trn (v mng di trn c s xem xt yu t kinh t, k
thut) ca kt cu o ng mm c tng mt loi A1, A2 theo 22TCN 211-06 hoc lm lp mng trn
theo 22TCN 274 - 01.
5.2 CPD loi II c s dng lm lp mng di ca kt cu o ng c tng mt loi A1 v lm lp
mng trn cho tng mt loi A2 hoc B1 theo 22TCN 211 - 06 hoc lm lp mng di theo 22TCN 274 01.
6

TCVN 8859 : 2011


5.3 C hai loi CPD loi I v loi II u c th c s dng lm lp mng di cho kt cu o ng
cng (b tng xi mng) v c th dng CPD loi I lm lp mng trn cho mt ng b tng xi mng
trong trng hp ng ch c xe ti trng trc nng di 80kN chy vi tng s ln trc xe thng qua n
ht thi k khai thc s dng l di 1x106 ln trc tng ng 80kN.
6 Yu cu k thut i vi cp phi dm
6.1 Yu cu v loi
Cc loi gc c s dng nghin sng lm cp phi dm phi c cng nn ti
thiu phi t 60 MPa nu dng cho lp mng trn v 40 MPa nu dng cho lp mng di. Khng
c dng xay c ngun gc t sa thch ( ct kt, bt kt) v dip thch ( st kt, st).
6.2 Yu cu v thnh phn ht ca vt liu CPD
6.2.1 Thnh phn ht ca vt liu CPD c quy nh ti Bng 1.
Bng 1 Thnh phn ht ca cp phi dm
T l lt sng, % theo khi lng

Kch c mt
sng vung,

6.2.2

mm

CPD c
c ht danh nh Dmax
= 37,5 mm

CPD c
c ht danh nh Dmax
= 25 mm

CPD c
c ht danh nh Dmax
= 19 mm

50

100

37,5

95 100

100

25

79 90

100

19

58 78

67 83

90 100

9,5

39 59

49 64

58 73

4,75

24 39

34 54

39 59

2,36

15 30

25 40

30 45

0,425

7 19

12 24

13 27

0,075

2 12

2 12

2 12

Vic la chn loi CPD (theo c ht danh nh c ng knh ln nht Dmax quy c) phi

cn c vo chiu dy thit k ca lp mng v phi c ch r trong h s thit k kt cu o ng


v ch dn k thut ca cng trnh :
a) Cp phi loi Dmax = 37,5 mm thch hp dng cho lp mng di;
b) Cp phi loi Dmax = 25 mm thch hp dng cho lp mng trn;

TCVN 8859 : 2011


c) Cp phi loi Dmax = 19 mm thch hp dng cho vic b vnh v tng cng trn cc kt cu mt
ng c trong nng cp, ci to.
6.3 Yu cu v ch tiu c l ca vt liu CPD
Cc ch tiu c l ca vt liu CPD c quy nh ti Bng 2.
Bng 2 Ch tiu c l ca vt liu CPD
Ch tiu

Cp phi dm

Phng php th

Loi I

Loi II

35

40

2. Ch s sc chu ti CBR ti cht


K98, ngm nc 96 h, %

100

22TCN 332 06

3. Gii hn chy (W L) 1), %

25

35

TCVN 4197:1995

TCVN 4197:1995

(PP = Ch s do IP x % lng lt qua


sng 0,075 mm)

45

60

6. Hm lng ht thoi dt 3), %

18

20

TCVN 7572 - 2006

7. cht m nn (Kyc), %

98

98

22 TCN 333 06
(phng php II-D)

1. hao mn Los-Angeles ca
ct liu (LA), %

4. Ch s do (IP) 1), %

TCVN 7572-12 : 2006

5. Tch s do PP 2)

1)

Gii hn chy, gii hn do c xc nh bng th nghim vi thnh phn ht lt qua sng 0,425 mm.

2)

Tch s do PP c ngun gc ting Anh l Plasticity Product

3)

Ht thoi dt l ht c chiu dy hoc chiu ngang nh hn hoc bng 1/3 chiu di; Th nghim c thc hin vi

cc c ht c ng knh ln hn 4,75 mm v chim trn 5 % khi lng mu;


Hm lng ht thoi dt ca mu ly bng bnh qun gia quyn ca cc kt qu xc nh cho tng
c ht.

6.4 Ly mu
6.4.1

Vic ly mu cp phi dm thnh phm ti bi cha hoc ti hin trng phc v cho

cng tc kim tra thnh phn cp phi ht sau khi ch to, cn thc hin nh sau:

Yu cu ly mu ti cc ng CPD c nghin sng v pha trn thnh phm;

Khi lng ly mu CPD kim tra cht lng vt liu c quy nh ti Bng 3;

TCVN 8859 : 2011

San gt lp b mt, tin hnh dng xng ly mu su ti thiu 0,20 m so vi b mt ban


u;

Tin hnh ng thi ly mu ti 4 v tr khc nhau trn mt ng CPD, sau trn li


thnh mt m c khi lng yu cu em ng vo thng hoc ti bo qun, a v phng
th nghim.
Bng 3 - Khi lng mu
C ht ln nht danh nh, mm

Khi lng ly mu vt liu, kg

Loi cp phi c Dmax = 37,5

200

Loi cp phi c Dmax = 25

150

Loi cp phi c Dmax = 19

100

6.4.2 Vic ly mu phi khch quan. Mu c bo qun trong thng g, x nha hoc
bao ti, c dn nhn hiu ly mu.
6.4.3 Trc khi th nghim phn tch thnh phn ht, yu cu phi mu t thng hoc t
ti ra, trn u t 2 min n 3 min, sau mi ly mu chnh thc lm th nghim.
Trnh t nh sau :

Thc hin trn u v chia ch em v thnh 4 phn bng nhau;

Tin hnh xc ly mu i din t 4 phn bng nhau theo nguyn tc ly u i vi


tng phn.

6.4.4

Mu th nghim c ly phi i din cho l sn phm hoc on c th nghim, kim tra.

Ty thuc vo mc ch kim tra v iu kin c th, vic ly mu c th c thc hin theo cc


phng thc khc nhau v tun th cc yu cu c bn sau:
a) Khi ly mu ti ca x, phi m bo ly trn vn ton b vt liu x ra, khng c ri vi;
b) Khi ly mu trn bng ti, phi ly ht vt liu trn ton b mt ct ngang ca bng ti, c bit
ch ly ht cc ht mn;
c) Khng ly mu vt liu ti ca x hoc trn bng ti ca dy chuyn sn xut khi dy chuyn mi
bt u ca sn xut, cha n nh;
d) Khi ly mu vt liu ti cc ng cha, vi mi ng, gt b vt liu pha trn thn ng thnh mt
mt phng c kch thc khng nh hn 50 cm x 50 cm ri o thnh h vung ly cho khi
lng vt liu theo quy nh;
e) Khi ly vt liu trn lp mng ri, phi o thnh h thng ng v ly ht ton b vt liu theo
chiu dy kt cu.

TCVN 8859 : 2011


6.5 Phng php th
Cc phng php th ng vi tng ch tiu cho vt liu CPD c quy nh ti Bng 2.

7 Yu cu thi cng
7.1 Chun b thi cng
7.1.1 Chun b vt liu CPD
a) Phi tin hnh la chn cc ngun cung cp vt liu CPD cho cng trnh. Cng tc ny
bao gm vic kho st, kim tra, nh gi v kh nng p ng cc ch tiu k thut, kh nng cung
cp vt liu theo tin cng trnh;
b) Vt liu CPD t ngun cung cp phi c tp kt v bi cha ti chn cng trnh
tin hnh cc cng tc kim tra, nh gi cht lng vt liu

Bi cha vt liu nn b tr gn v tr thi cng v phi tp kt c khi lng vt liu CPD ti


thiu cho mt ca thi cng;

Bi cha vt liu phi c gia c khng b cy xi, xo trn do s i li ca cc phng tin vn


chuyn, thi cng v khng b ngp nc, khng bn t hoc vt liu khc ln vo;

Khng tp kt ln ln nhiu ngun vt liu vo cng mt v tr;

Trong mi cng on vn chuyn, tp kt, phi c cc bin php nhm trnh s phn tng ca vt
liu CPD (phun ti m trc khi bc xc, vn chuyn).

7.1.2 Chun b mt bng thi cng


a) Tin hnh khi phc, kim tra h thng cc nh v tim v mp mng ng;
b) Vic thi cng cc lp mng CPD ch c tin hnh khi mt bng thi cng c
nghim thu. Khi cn thit, phi tin hnh kim tra li cc ch tiu k thut quy nh ca mt bng thi
cng, c bit l cht lu ln thit k;
c) i vi mt bng thi cng l mng hoc mt ng c, phi pht hin, x l trit cc v tr h
hng cc b. Vic sa cha h hng v b vnh phi kt thc trc khi thi cng lp mng CPD. Khi
b vnh bng CPD th chiu dy b vnh ti thiu phi ln hn hoc bng 3 ln
c ht ln nht danh nh Dmax.
7.1.3 Chun b thit b thi cng ch yu v thit b phc v thi cng
a) Huy ng y cc trang thit b thi cng ch yu nh my ri hoc my san, cc loi lu, t t
chuyn ch vt liu, thit b khng ch m, my o c cao , dng c khng ch
chiu dy, cc thit b th nghim kim tra cht, m ti hin trng
b) Tin hnh kim tra tt c cc tnh nng c bn ca thit b thi cng ch yu nh h thng
iu khin chiu dy ri ca my ri, h thng rung ca lu rung, h thng iu khin thy lc ca li
10

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ben my san, h thng phun nc nhm bo m kh nng p ng c cc yu cu
k thut thi cng lp vt liu CPD.
c) Vic a cc trang thit b trn vo dy chuyn thit b thi cng i tr phi da trn kt qu ca
cng tc thi cng th im (xem 7.3).
7.2 Thi cng lp mng ng bng vt liu CPD
7.2.1

CPD c vn chuyn n v tr thi cng nn tin hnh thi cng ngay nhm trnh

nh hng n cht lng v gy cn tr giao thng.


7.2.2 Yu cu v m ca vt liu CPD
a) m tt nht ca vt liu CPD nm trong phm vi m ti u (W o 2 %) cn
duy tr trong sut qu trnh chuyn ch, tp kt, san hoc ri v lu ln.
b) Trc v trong qu trnh thi cng, cn phi kim tra v iu chnh kp thi m ca vt liu
CPD.

Nu vt liu c m thp hn phm vi m ti u, phi ti nc b sung bng cc vi ti


dng ma v khng c nc ra tri cc ht mn. Nn kt hp vic b sung m ngay
trong qu trnh san ri, lu ln bng b phn phun nc dng sng gn km;

Nu m ln hn phm vi m ti u th phi tri ra hong kh trc khi lu ln.

7.2.3 Cng tc san ri CPD


a) i vi lp mng trn, vt liu CPD c ri bng my ri.
b) i vi lp mng di, nn s dng my ri nng cao cht lng cng trnh. Ch c
s dng my san ri vt liu CPD khi c y cc gii php chng phn tng ca vt liu
CPD v c T vn gim st chp thun. Khi dng my san th CPD c thnh cc ng
trn mt bng thi cng vi cc khong cch thch hp xc nh c thng qua thi cng th im nu
ti mc 7.3 nhng khong cch cc ng ny khng ln hn 10 m.
c) Cn c vo tnh nng ca thit b, chiu dy thit k, c th phn thnh cc lp thi cng.
Chiu dy ca mi lp thi cng sau khi lu ln khng c ln hn 15 cm. Trng hp c bit c yu
cu chiu dy cao hn th phi s dng thit b lu hin i v s lu c bit, nhng trong mi
trng hp khng c vt qu 18cm.
d) V quyt nh chiu dy ri (thng qua h s lu ln) phi cn c vo kt qu thi cng th im, c
th xc nh h s ri (h s lu ln) s b Kri nh sau :

ri

. K yc
= -----------------------k max

[1]

kr

Trong :

k max

l khi lng th tch kh ln nht theo kt qu th nghim m nn tiu chun, g/cm3;


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TCVN 8859 : 2011

kr

l khi lng th tch kh ca vt liu CPD trng thi ri (cha m nn), g/cm3;

K yc l cht yu cu ca lp CPD, %
e) m bo cht lu ln trn ton b b rng mng, khi khng c khun ng hoc va, phi
ri vt liu CPD rng thm mi bn ti thiu l 25 cm so vi b rng thit k ca mng. Ti cc v tr
tip gip vi vt ri trc, phi tin hnh loi b cc vt liu CPD ri rc ti cc mp ca vt ri
trc khi ri vt tip theo.
f) Trng hp s dng my san ri vt liu CPD, phi b tr cng nhn li my lnh ngh v
nhn cng ph theo my nhm hn ch v x l kp hin tng phn tng ca vt liu. Vi nhng v
tr vt liu b phn tng, phi loi b ton b vt liu v thay th bng vt liu CPD mi.
Vic xc lp s vn hnh ca my san, ri CPD phi da vo kt qu ca cng tc thi cng th
im (xem 7.3).
g) Phi thng xuyn kim tra cao , bng phng, dc ngang, dc dc, m,
ng u ca vt liu CPD trong sut qu trnh san ri.
7.2.4 Cng tc lu ln
a) Phi la chn loi lu v phi hp cc loi lu trong s lu ln ty thuc vo loi dng lm vt
liu, chiu dy, chiu rng v dc dc ca lp mng ng. Thng thng, s dng lu nh 60 80 kN vi vn tc chm 3 Km/h lu 3 - 4 lt u, sau s dng lu rung 100 - 120 kN hoc lu
bnh lp c ti trng bnh 25 - 40 kN lu tip t 12 - 20 lt cho n khi t cht yu cu, ri
hon thin bng 2 - 3 lt lu bnh st nng 80 - 100 kN.
b) S ln lu ln phi m bo ng u i vi tt c cc im trn mt mng (k c phn m rng),
ng thi phi bo m bng phng sau khi lu ln.
c) Vic lu ln phi thc hin t ch thp n ch cao, vt bnh lu sau chng ln vt lu trc t nht l
20

cm.

Nhng

on

ng

thng,

lu

mp

vo

tim

ng

cc

on

ng cong, lu t pha bng ng cong dn ln pha lng ng cong.


d) Ngay sau giai on lu ln s b, phi tin hnh ngay cng tc kim tra cao , dc ngang,
bng phng v pht hin nhng v tr b li lm, phn tng b ph, sa cha kp thi:

Nu thy hin tng khc thng nh rn nt, gn sng, x dn hoc ri rc khng cht phi
dng lu, tm nguyn nhn v x l trit ri mi c lu tip. Tt c cc cng tc ny phi hon
tt trc khi t c 80 % cng lu;

Nu phi b ph sau khi lu ln xong, th b mt lp mng CPD phi c cy xi vi


chiu su ti thiu l 5 cm trc khi ri b.

e) S cng ngh lu ln p dng thi cng i tr cho tng lp vt liu nh cc loi lu


s dng, trnh t lu, s ln lu phi c xy dng trn c s thi cng th im lp mng CPD (quy
nh ti 7.3).

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7.2.5 Bo dng v ti lp nha thm bm
a) Phi thng xuyn gi m trn mt lp mng CPD trnh cc ht mn b gi thi. ng
thi khng cho xe c i li trn lp mng khi cha ti nha thm bm trnh bong bt.
b) i vi lp mng trn, cn phi nhanh chng ti nha thm bm bng nha lng
MC-70 (ph hp vi tiu chun TCVN 8818-1:2011) hoc nh tng nha ng loi SS-1h hoc
CSS-1h (ph hp vi tiu chun TCVN 8817-1:2011).

Trc khi ti nha thm bm, phi tin hnh lm v sinh b mt lp mng nhm loi b bi, rc,
vt liu ri rc bng cc dng c thch hp nh chi, my nn kh nhng khng c lm bong
bt cc ct liu ca lp mng;

Khi ti nha thm bm, nhit khng kh phi ln hn 8 oC, ng thi phi m bo vt liu ti c
nhit thch hp khong 70o C 10o C i vi nha lng MC70;

Tin hnh phun ti nha thm bm ng u trn ton b b mt lp mng bng cc thit b
chuyn dng vi p lc phun t 0,2 MPa n 0,5 MPa v nh mc l 1,2 l/m2 0,1 l/m2 i vi
nha lng MC70 hoc 1,8 l/ m2 i vi nh tng SS1h v CSS-1h.

c) Nu phi bo m giao thng, ngay sau khi ti lp thm bm th phi ph mt lp mt


kch c 0,5 cm x 0,1 cm vi nh lng 10 l/m2 1 l/m2 v lu nh khong 2 3 ln/im.
ng thi, phi b tr lc lng duy tu, bo dng hnh ngy thot nc b mt, b ph,
qut gt cc ht b vng dt v lu ln nhng ch c hin tng b bong bt do xe chy.
7.3 Thi cng th im
7.3.1 Yu cu i vi cng tc thi cng th im
a) Vic thi cng th im phi c p dng cho mi mi thi cng trong cc trng hp sau:

Trc khi trin khai thi cng i tr;

Khi c s thay i thit b thi cng chnh thc: lu nng, my san, my ri;

Khi c s thay i v ngun cung cp vt liu hoc loi vt liu CPD.

b) Cng tc thi cng th im l c s ra bin php t chc thi cng i tr nhm bo m c


cc yu cu v k thut, cht lng v kinh t. Do vy, vic thi cng th im phi a ra c cc
thng s cng ngh ti u sau:

S tp kt vt liu, s vn hnh ca my san hoc my ri;

La chn cc loi lu thch hp vi loi dng lm vt liu CPD;

H s lu ln, chiu dy ti u ca lp thi cng;

S lu ln ca mi loi lu vi th t v hnh trnh lu, vn tc v s ln lu qua mt im;

13

TCVN 8859 : 2011

Cc cng tc ph tr nh b ph, x l phn tng v cc bc kim tra, gim st cht lng v


tin thi cng.

c) Ton b cng tc thi cng th im, t khi lp cng cho n khi xc lp c dy chuyn cng
ngh p dng cho thi cng i tr, phi c s kim tra v chp thun ca T vn
gim st.
7.3.2 Lp bin php t chc thi cng th im
a) Cc phn on c la chn thi cng th im phi i din cho phm vi thi cng ca mi mi thi
cng v: loi hnh kt cu ca mt bng thi cng, dc dc, dc ngang, b rng lp mng Thng
thng, chiu di ti thiu ca mi phn on th im l 50 m;
b) Cn c vo yu cu v tin thi cng, v tin cung cp vt liu, iu kin thc t v mt bng,
v kh nng huy ng trang thit b thi cng v cc yu cu nu ti 7.3.1, tin hnh lp
t nht 2 s cng ngh thi cng th im ng vi 2 phn on c la chn;
c) Khi lp cc s cng ngh thi cng th im, phi xem xt y cc c tnh k thut ca cc
thit b thi cng hin c, kt hp vi kinh nghim thi cng c tch ly v iu kin
thc t v nng lc thit b, hin trng. Trong s cng ngh thi cng th im, phi nu r cc
vn sau:

Theo ch dn ti 7.2.3, xc nh s b chiu dy ca mi lp vt liu CPD sau khi ri hoc san


(ban u cng c th tm ly h s lu ln l 1,3). Lp s vn hnh ca phng tin tp kt,
san ri vt liu. Cn xc nh s b c ly gia cc ng vt liu khi thi cng bng my san;

La chn v huy ng cc loi lu thch hp;

Lp s lu cho mi loi lu, trong nu r trnh t lu ln, s lt v tc lu qua mt im, s


phi hp cc loi lu

Xc lp s b cc cng vic ph tr, cc bc v thi im tin hnh cc cng tc kim tra, gim
st cn thc hin nhm m bo s hot ng nhp nhng ca dy chuyn thi cng v m bo
cht lng cng trnh.

7.3.3 Tin hnh thi cng th im


a) Tin hnh thi cng th im theo cc s cng ngh lp trn cc phn on th im
khc nhau. T kt qu thi cng th im, cn ghi li cc s liu c bn ca mi bc thi cng thc
hin nh :

Khi lng vt liu chuyn ch n cng trng. Khong cch ri gia cc ng vt liu
CPD khi lp mng di, c php thi cng bng my san;

Bin php ti nc b sung t c m trong v sau san hoc ri;

Cao trc v sau khi san hoc ri vt liu CPD;

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La chn cc loi lu nh v lu nng phc v thi cng;

Xc nh s lt lu s b bng lu nh v lu cht bng lu nng ng vi cc loi lu c huy ng


ti cng trng;

X l cc hin tng phn tng, ln sng, km bng phng v cn b ph (nu c);

Trnh t vo, ra ca cc loi lu, s lt v vn tc lu qua mt im;

Kt qu th nghim xc nh cht, m thi cng ( giai on cui ca qu trnh lu ln) ng vi


s lt i qua ca mi loi lu ti v tr th nghim;

Cao sau khi hon thnh cng tc lu ln lp mng CPD;

Thi gian bt u, kt thc, iu kin thi tit khi th im.

b) T cc s liu thu c, tin hnh tnh ton v hiu chnh li cc thng s nh:

H s ri (h s lu ln) Kri c xc nh da vo cc s liu cao trn cng mt mt ct ti cc


im tng ng nh sau:
K

ri

Cri - C mb
= ---------------------Clu - Cmb

[2]

Trong :
Cmb l cao mt bng thi cng, m;
Cri l cao b mt lp CPD sau khi ri, m;
Clu l cao b mt lp CPD sau khi lu ln xong ( t cht yu cu), m.

Tng quan gia s ln lu ln (hoc cng lu) v cht t c;

S lng phng tin vn chuyn tham gia vo dy chuyn, c ly gia cc ng vt liu


(nu ri bng my san).

c) Tin hnh hiu chnh s thi cng th im p dng cho thi cng i tr.

8 Yu cu v cng tc kim tra, nghim thu


8.1 Ly mu vt liu CPD cho cng tc kim tra nghim thu cht lng vt liu CPD
8.1.1

phc v cng tc kim tra cht lng vt liu trong qu trnh thi cng ti hin trng v

phc v nghim thu, yu cu khi lng ti thiu mu th nghim ti hin trng c ly


ph hp vi quy nh ti Bng 3.
8.1.2

Mu th nghim ly ti hin trng thi cng phi i din cho l sn phm hoc on c th

nghim, kim tra. Vic ly mu c th c thc hin theo cc phng thc khc nhau v tun th
cc quy nh ti 6.3.

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8.2 Kim tra, nghim thu cht lng vt liu
Cng tc kim tra, nghim thu cht lng vt liu CPD phi c tin hnh theo cc giai on sau:
8.2.1

Giai on kim tra phc v cho cng tc chp nhn ngun cung cp vt liu CPD cho cng

trnh
a) Mu kim tra c ly ti ngun cung cp; c 3000 m3 vt liu cung cp cho cng trnh hoc khi
lin quan n mt trong cc trng hp sau th t nht phi ly mt mu:

Ngun vt liu ln u cung cp cho cng trnh;

C s thay i a tng khai thc ca nguyn khai;

C s thay i dy chuyn nghin sng hoc hm nghin hoc c sng;

C s bt thng v cht lng vt liu.

b) Vt liu phi tha mn tt c cc ch tiu c l quy nh ti Bng 1 v Bng 2.


8.2.2

Giai on kim tra phc v cng tc nghim thu cht lng vt liu CPD c tp kt ti

chn cng trnh a vo s dng

Mu kim tra c ly bi cha ti chn cng trnh, c 1000 m3 vt liu phi ly t nht mt mu
cho mi ngun cung cp hoc khi c s bt thng v cht lng vt liu;

Vt liu phi tha mn tt c cc ch tiu c l quy nh ti Bng 1 v Bng 2 trc khi em


th nghim m nn trong phng.

8.3 Kim tra trong qu trnh thi cng


Trong sut qu trnh thi cng, n v thi cng phi thng xuyn tin hnh th nghim, kim tra theo
cc ni dung sau:
8.3.1

m, s phn tng ca vt liu CPD (quan st bng mt v kim tra thnh phn ht). C

200 m3 vt liu CPD hoc mt ca thi cng phi tin hnh ly mt mu th nghim thnh phn ht,
m.
8.3.2 cht lu ln

Vic th nghim thc hin theo 22 TCN 346 06 v c tin hnh ti mi lp mng CPD thi
cng xong;

n giai on cui ca qu trnh lu ln, phi thng xuyn th nghim kim tra cht lu ln
lm c s kt thc qu trnh lu ln. C 800 m2 phi tin hnh th nghim xc nh cht lu ln ti
mt v tr ngu nhin.

8.3.3 Cc yu t hnh hc, bng phng

Cao , dc ngang ca b mt lp mng c xc nh da trn s liu o cao ti tim v ti


mp ca mt mng;

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TCVN 8859 : 2011

Chiu dy lp mng c xc nh da trn s liu o c cao trc v sau khi thi cng lp
mng ti cc im tng ng trn cng mt mt ct (khi cn thit, tin hnh o h kim tra);

B rng lp mng c xc nh bng thc thp;

bng phng c o bng thc 3 m ph hp vi TCVN 8864:2011. Khe h ln nht di


thc c quy nh ti Bng 4;

Mt kim tra v cc yu cu c th quy nh ti Bng 4.


Bng 4 Yu cu v kch thc hnh hc v bng phng ca lp mng bng CPD
Ch tiu kim tra

Gii hn cho php


Mng di

Mng trn

1. Cao

- 10 mm

- 5 mm

2. dc ngang

0,5 %

0,3 %

3. Chiu dy

10 mm

5 mm

4. Chiu rng

- 50 mm

- 50 mm

5. bng phng: khe h


ln nht di thc 3m

10 mm

5 mm

Mt kim tra

C 40 m n 50 m vi on
tuyn thng, 20 m n 25 m
vi on tuyn cong ng o
mt trc ngang.

C 100 m o ti mt v tr

8.4 Kim tra sau thi cng phc v vic nghim thu hng mc cng trnh

Kim tra cht lu ln, kt hp kim tra thnh phn ht sau khi lu ln v chiu dy lp mng : c
7000 m2 hoc ng vi 1 km di (mt ng 2 ln xe) cn th nghim kim tra bng phng php
o h rt ct ti hai v tr ngu nhin ( ring trng hp ri bng my san, cn kim tra ti ba v
tr ngu nhin).

Kim tra cc yu t hnh hc v bng phng: cn tin hnh kim tra vi mt o c ch bng
20 % khi lng quy nh nu ti Bng 4, tng ng vi mt o nh sau:
o kim tra cc yu t hnh hc (cao tim v mp mng, chiu rng mng, dc ngang
mng) : 250 m/ v tr trn ng thng v 100 m/ v tr trong ng cong.
o kim tra bng phng b mt mng bng thc 3m : 500 m/ v tr

9 Quy nh v an ton lao ng v bo v mi trng


9.1 Quy nh chung i vi vic tuyn chn, gia cng, ch to hn hp CPD v thi cng
lp CPD phi m bo tun th cc quy nh v v sinh, an ton lao ng (ATL) hin hnh. Yu
cu thc hin kim tra ATL i vi con ngi, thit b v hin trng trc khi thi cng.
9.2 Phi c bin php m bo ATGT trong sut qu trnh chun b, tp kt vt liu v thi cng.
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9.3 Khi thi cng lp CPD phi ti nc thng xuyn m bo hm lng bi khng vt qu
tr s cho php theo quy nh hin hnh v tun th quy nh ca Lut bo v mi trng.
__________________________

18

TCVN

TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN 8863 : 2011


Xut bn ln 1

MT NG LNG NHA NNG THI CNG V NGHIM THU


Specification For Construction And Acceptance Of The Surface
Treatments Using The Asphalt Cement

H NI 2011

TCVN 8863 : 2011

Mc lc
Trang
1 Phm vi p dng ..........................................................................................................................5
2 Ti liu vin dn............................................................................................................................6
3 Thut ng v nh ngha...............................................................................................................6
4 Yu cu i vi vt liu lm lp lng nha nng...........................................................................7
5 nh mc lng v lng nha lm lp lng nha nng trn cc loi mt
ng...............................................................................................................................................8
6 Cc cng vic chun b trc khi lng nha nng.........................................................................9
7 Thi cng .....................................................................................................................................11
8 Gim st, kim tra v nghim thu................................................................................................14
9 An ton lao ng v bo v mi trng.......................................................................................17

TCVN 8863 : 2011

Li ni u
TCVN 8863 : 2011 c chuyn i t 22 TCN 16-79 theo quy nh ti
khon 1 iu 69 ca Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut v im a
khon 1 iu 7 Ngh nh s 127/2007/N-CP ngy 01/8/2008 ca Chnh
ph quy nh chi tit thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Tiu chun v Quy
chun k thut.
TCVN 8863 : 2011 do Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh Giao thng vn ti
bin son, B Giao thng vn ti ngh, Tng cc Tiu chun o lng
cht lng thm nh, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh cng b.

TCVN 8863 : 2011

TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN 8863 : 2011

Mt ng lng nha nng - Thi cng v nghim thu


Specification For Construction And Acceptance Of The Surface Treatments Using The
Asphalt Cement

1 Phm vi p dng
1.1 Tiu chun ny p dng cho vic thi cng v nghim thu lp lng nha nng trn cc loi mt
ng lm mi hoc trn mt ng c cn sa cha khi phc. Tiu chun ny khng p dng i
vi ng cao tc, ng c vn tc thit k 80 km/h tr ln.
Cc lp khc ca kt cu mt ng phi c thi cng theo nhng tiu chun tng ng hin
hnh.
1.2 Lp lng nha trn cc loi mt ng khng c a vo tnh ton cng mt ng.
1.3 Lng nha nng mt ng cc loi c thi cng theo kiu lng nha mt, hai hay ba lp. S
dng kiu no l do t vn thit k quy nh. C th tham kho Bng 1 hng dn v cc trng hp
s dng.
Bng 1 - Trng hp s dng cc kiu lng nha nng
Kiu lng nha

Trng hp s dng

1. Lng nha mt - Khi lp lng nha c b bo mn nhiu hoc h hng


lp
- Khi mt ng nha c cc loi b bo mn, trn trt nhng lu lng xe
khng ln.
2. Lng nha hai - Khi cn tng thm nhm, phc hi bng phng cho cc loi mt ng
lp
khc nhau;
- Khi cn bo v v nng cao cht lng khai thc ca mt ng dm, cp
phi dm c hoc khng gia c vi xi mng hoc vi cc cht lin kt v c
khc.
3 Lng nha ba - Khi cn bo v v nng cao cht lng khai thc ca mt ng cp phi c
lp
lu lng xe ln hn 80 xe/ngy m ( quy i ra xe c trc 10 T) m cha c
iu kin lm lp mt ng nha (thm nhp nha, b tng nha...) ln trn.

TCVN 8863 : 2011


2 Ti liu vin dn
Cc ti liu vin dn sau y l cn thit p dng tiu chun ny. i vi cc ti liu vin dn ghi
nm cng b th p dng bn c nu. i vi cc ti liu vin dn khng ghi nm cng b th p
dng phin bn mi nht, bao gm c cc sa i, b sung (nu c).
TCVN 7493:2005

Bitum Yu cu k thut

TCVN 7504:2005

Bitum Phng php xc nh dnh bm vi

TCVN 7572-8:2006

Phng php xc nh hm lng chung bi, bn, st v hm lng


st cc

TCVN 7572-11:2006

Phng php xc nh nn dp ca cui si c xay v

TCVN 7572-12:2006

Phng php xc nh hao mn khi va p trong my LosAngeles

TCVN 7572-13:2006

Phng php xc nh hm lng ht thoi dt

TCVN 7572-17:2006

Phng php xc nh hm lng ht mm yu, phong ho

TCVN 7572-18:2006

Xc nh hm lng ht b p v

TCVN 8859 :2011

Lp mng cp phi dm trong kt cu ng t - Vt liu, thi


cng v nghim thu

3 Thut ng v nh ngha
3.1 Lng nha mt lp (Single Bituminous Surface Treatment cn gi n gin l Single Surface
Treatment, vit tt SST; c ni cn gi l Chip Seal), thi cng bng cch phun nha mt ln v ri
nh mt ln ri lu ln.
3.2 Lng nha hai lp (Double Bituminous Surface Treatment cn gi n gin l Double Surface
Treatment, vit tt DST), thi cng bng cch lp li hai ln ca iu 3.1.
3.3 Lng nha ba lp (Triple Bituminous Surface Treatment cn gi n gin l Triple Surface
Treatment, vit tt TST), thi cng bng cch lp li ba ln ca iu 3.1.
3.4 Nha thm bm (Bituminous Material For Prime Coat), dng phun u ln mt ca lp mng
bng vt liu khong khng s dng cht lin kt hu c, mc ch mt phn nha thm xung
mt lp mng 5 n 10 mm v mt phn nha dnh bm vi lp vt liu nha s ri ln
trn.
3.5 Nha dnh bm (Bituminous Material For Tack Coat), dng phun u ln mt ca lp lm
bng vt liu khong c s dng cht lin kt hu c hoc trn mt ng c, mc ch dnh bm
vi lp vt liu nha s ri ln trn.
2
3.6 Nha lng (Cutback asphalt) c tc ng c trung bnh v nht bng 30 mm /s n 60
2
O
2
mm /s 60 C k hiu l MC30. Nha lng c tc ng c trung bnh v nht bng 70 mm /s
2
O
n 140 mm /s 60 C k hiu l MC70.

3.7 Ct liu nh (Fine aggregate): Hn hp cc ht ct liu kch thc ch yu t 0,14 mm n 5


mm. Ct liu nh c th l ct t nhin, ct nghin v hn hp t ct t nhin v ct nghin.

TCVN 8863 : 2011


3.8 Ch s g gh quc t (International Roughness Index, k hiu l IRI) l ch s th hin
bng phng ca mt ng, o bng m/km. Tr s ny cng nh mt ng cng bng phng. o
ch s IRI dng cc thit b chuyn dng nh thit b TRL Profile Beam; Laser Profile Systems; Road
Master IRI Tester and GPS; Bump Integrater...

4 Yu cu i vi vt liu lm lp lng nha nng


4.1
4.1.1 nh dng trong lp lng nha phi c xay ra t tng, ni. C th dng cui si
xay, trong phi c trn 85% khi lng ht nm trn sng 4,75mm c t nht hai mt v, v khng
qu 10% khi lng l cui si gc silic.
4.1.2 Khng c dng xay t mc-n, sa thch st, dip thch st.
4.1.3 Cc ch tiu c l ca nh xay t cc loi gc ni trn phi tho mn cc quy nh
Bng 2.
Bng 2 - Cc ch tiu c l quy nh cho nh dng trong lp lng nha nng
Cc ch tiu c l
1. nn dp ca cui si c xay v, %

Mc
8

2. hao mn Los Angeles, %

Phng php th
TCVN 7572-11: 2006
TCVN 7572-12: 2006

a) i vi mc ma, bin cht

25 (30)

b) i vi trm tch

35 (40)

3. Hm lng cui si c xay v (c t nht 2 85


mt v) trong khi lng cui si nm trn sng
4,75 mm, %

TCVN 7572-18: 2006

4. Lng ht thoi dt (ht trn sng 4,75mm), %

15

TCVN 7572-13: 2005

5. Lng ht mm yu v phong ho, %

TCVN 7572-17: 2006

6. Hm lng chung bi, bn, st, %

TCVN 7572-8: 2006

7. Hm lng st cc, %

0,25

TCVN 7572-8: 2006

8. dnh bm ca vi nha

TCVN 7504: 2005

CH THCH: Tr s trong ngoc () ch dng cho ng c Vtk < 60km/h

4.1.4 Kch c nh dng trong lp lng nha nng c ghi Bng 3. Mi loi kch c nh
c k hiu dmin/Dmax, trong dmin l c nh nht danh nh v Dmax l c ln nht danh nh
(theo l sng vung). Tu theo lp lng nha nng l 1, 2 hay 3 lp m chn loi kch c thch hp
nh quy nh ti iu 5.
7

TCVN 8863 : 2011


Bng 3 - Cc loi kch c nh (theo l sng vung) dng trong cc lp lng nha nng
dmin

Dmax

danh nh, mm

danh nh, mm

C 12,5/19

12,5

19

C 9,5/12,5

9,5

12,5

C 4,75/9,5

4,75

9,5

Loi kch c nh, mm

CH THCH: Lng ht c kch c ln hn Dmax danh nh khng c vt qu 15%


khi lng.
Lng ht c kch c nh hn dmin danh nh khng c vt qu 10% khi lng.

4.1.5 Cc vin nh phi kh ro v sch.


4.2 Nha ng
4.2.1 Nha ng dng thi cng lp lng nha nng loi nha c gc du m c kim ln 60/70
O
nu n nhit 160 C khi ti. Tu theo vng kh hu v loi nh T vn thit k c th cho
php dng loi nha 40/50 (hoc 85/100 vi nhit thch hp). Cc loi nha c trn phi t cc
yu cu k thut quy nh trong TCVN 7493-2005 Bitum Yu cu k thut.
4.2.2 Nha ng ti thm bm l loi nha lng (hoc nh tng) c tc ng c trung
bnh MC70 hoc MC30.
4.2.3 Nha ng phi sch, khng ln nc v tp cht.
4.2.4 Trc khi s dng nha phi kim tra h s v cc ch tiu k thut ca nha ng v phi
th nghim li theo quy nh ca TCVN 7493-2005.

5 nh mc lng v lng nha lm lp lng nha nng trn cc loi mt


ng
5.1 Lng nh v lng nha yu cu tu theo kiu lng mt v th t lt ri c quy nh
theo Bng 4.
Bng 4 nh mc lng v lng nha thi cng lp lng nha nng mt lp, hai lp v
ba lp

Loi
lng mt

Chiu
dy

Nha ng

Th t ti

Lng
nha
2
(kg/m )

1,0

Ch mt ln

1,5
2,0- 2,5

(cm)

nh

Th t ri

Kch c
(mm)

Lng

2
(L/m )

1,2 *

Ch mt ln

4,75/9,5

10-12

Ch mt ln

1,5 (1,8)

Ch mt ln

9,5/12,5

15-17

Ln th nht

1,5 (1,8)

Ln th nht

9,5/12,5

14-16

Mt lp
Hai lp

TCVN 8863 : 2011

Loi
lng mt

Chiu
dy
(cm)

Nha ng

Th t ti

Lng
nha
2
(kg/m )

Ln th hai

1,2

nh

Th t ri

Kch c
(mm)

Lng

2
(L/m )

Ln th hai

4,75/9,75

10-12

Bng 4 (Tip)

Loi
lng mt

Chiu
dy
(cm)

Ba lp

CH THCH:

3,0- 3,5

Nha ng

Th t ti

Lng
nha
2
(kg/m )

Ln th nht

nh

Th t ri

Kch c
(mm)

Lng

2
(L/m )

1,7 (1,9)

Ln th nht

12,5/19

18-20

Ln th hai

1,5

Ln th hai

9,5/12,5

14-16

Ln th ba

1,1

Ln th ba

4,75/9,5

9-11

1 (*) Ch dng khi lng nha mt lp trn mt ng nha c c lu lng xe t.


2 Tr s trong ngoc ( ) l lng nha ti ln th nht khi lng nha nng trn mt
ng dm mi lm.
3 Khi thi cng bng th cng c php tng lng nha ln 5%.
4 nh mc nha Bng 4 l cha k n lng nha thm bm.

5.2 chnh xc ho lng vt liu v kim tra s hot ng ca thit b my mc, s phi hp
gia cc khu ti nha, ri nh, lu ln, trc khi thi cng i tr cn tin hnh thi cng th mt
on ti thiu 100m v iu chnh cho ph hp vi iu kin thc t.

6 Cc cng vic chun b trc khi lng nha nng


6.1 Tu theo mt ng cn lng nha nng l loi mt ng dm mi hay c, mt ng cp
phi , mt ng dm hoc cp phi gia c xi mng, mt ng t gia c xi mng hay vi,
mt ng nha mi hay c cc loi (b tng nha, thm nhp nha, lng nha ...) m vic chun b
b mt trc khi lng nha nng c khc nhau.
Trc khi lng nha, kt cu mt ng phi bo m c cc yu cu v cng v cc yu t
hnh hc nh thit k quy nh. Nu l mt ng c th phi c sa cha khi phc hnh
dng trc ngang v bng phng.
Lng nha nng trn cc loi mt ng ch c thi cng khi thi tit nng ro, nhit khng kh
O
ln hn 15 C. Nu khng m bo c cc iu kin ny, nn nghin cu s dng phng php
lng nha bng nh tng nha ng gc axt.
6.1.1 Chun b b mt lp cp phi dm.

TCVN 8863 : 2011


6.1.1.1 Trc khi lng nha, mt lp cp phi dm phi c lm sch, kh ro, bng phng, c
dc ngang theo ng yu cu thit k.
Nu l mt ng cp phi dm mi th phi c nghim thu theo cc quy nh ca quy trnh
TCVN 8859:2011 Lp mng cp phi dm trong kt cu ng t - Vt liu, thi cng v nghim
thu.
Nu l mt ng cp phi dm c th cc cng vic sa cha ch li lm, v g, b vnh...
phi c hon thnh trc t nht l 2 ngy.
6.1.1.2 Qut chi, thi (bng hi p) sch mt ng cp phi dm. Khi dng xe chi qut ng
cn thn trng khng lm bong bt cc ct liu nm phn trn ca mt ng. Nu mt ng
c nhiu bi bn, bn th phi dng nc ty ra v ch mt ng kh ro mi c ti nha
thm bm. Phm vi lm sch mt ng phi rng hn phm vi s ti nha l 0,20m dc theo hai
mp.
6.1.1.3 Trn mt cp phi dm sch v kh ro, ti mt lng nha thm bm theo iu
2
2
4.2.2 vi tiu chun t 1,0 kg/m n 1,3 kg/m . Lng nha thm bm ny va thm su vo
lp cp phi dm t 5 mm n 10 mm v bc cc ht bi cn li trn b mt lp cp phi to
dnh bm tt vi lp lng nha; tuy nhin khng c li nhng vt nha hay mng nha dy trn
mt lp cp phi dm s lm trt lp lng mt sau ny.
Lng nha thm bm c ti trc khi lm lp lng mt 2 ngy, nhng khng nn qu 5 ngy
trnh bi bn v nc ma; trong trng hp phi thng xe hoc do iu kin thi tit xu th t
nht phi c 4 h.
6.1.2 i vi mt ng cp phi dm gia c xi mng, mt ng t gia c xi mng hay cc
cht lin kt v c khc, cng vic chun b lp mt trc khi lng nha nng c tin hnh nh
2
2
iu 6.1.1, trong dng lng nha lng thm bm t 0,8 kg/m n 1,0 kg/m .
6.1.3 i vi mt ng dm nc lm mi th khi lu ln n giai on 3 s khng ti nc,
khng ri mt, khng ti nha thm bm, chun b lng nha nng.
6.1.4 i vi mt ng dm c, cn v g, sa mui luyn phc hi trc ngang v bng
phng t nht 2 ngy trc khi lng nha nng. Qut sch bi bn, ti nha thm bm theo iu
2
2
4.2.2 vi tiu chun t 0,5 kg/m n 0,8 kg/m t nht l 4 h trc khi lng nha nng.
Phm vi qut chi, thi sch phi rng hn phm vi s ti nha l 0,20m dc theo hai mp ng.
6.1.5 i vi mt ng c x l nha (b tng nha, dm thm nhp nha, lng nha...) c
th cn v g, trm cc khe nt, b vnh phc hi trc ngang v bng phng ca mt ng
trc khi lng nha t nht 5 ngy. Lm sch mt ng bng chi qut, thi hi p trc khi lng
nha khng qu lu trnh b bn li, khng ti nha thm bm. Tuy nhin mt ng phi tht
kh ro.
6.2 Chun b xe my, thit b thi cng
6.2.1 Khi thi cng bng c gii cn chun b mt i xe my v thit b gm:
- Xe qut chi v ti ra mt ng,
- My hi p,
- Xe phun ti nha,
10

TCVN 8863 : 2011


- Thit b ti nha cm tay,
- Xe ri nh hoc thit b ri nh lp vo t,
- Lu bnh hi vi ti trng mi bnh t 1,5 T n 2,5 T, chiu rng lu ti thiu l 1,5m,
- Lu bnh st t 6 T n 8 T,
- Ba-rie chn ng, bin bo...
6.2.2 Khi thi cng bng th cng: cc cng trnh nh, ni vng su vng xa cha c iu kin thi
cng c gii, c th dng cc thit b dng c th cng, ci tin hoc na c gii lm lp lng
nha nng gm:
- Thng nu nha,
- Bnh ti nha xch tay dung tch 10L, c ng nm ngang, ti thnh vt rng 50cm, hoc bnh c
vi ti dng hoa sen,
- Xe ci tin ch nh,
- Ky ra nh, bn trang, co, chi qut,
- Lu bnh st t 6 T n 8 T, hoc lu bnh hi,
- Ba-rie chn ng, bin bo.
6.2.3 Tu theo thi cng bng c gii hay th cng, vic t chc thi cng v cng ngh thi cng c
khc nhau (xem iu 7); trong c hai trng hp u phi tnh ton lp tin thi cng bo m nhp
nhng cc khu vn chuyn vt liu, ti nha, ri , lu ln trong mt ca lm vic.

7 Thi cng
Vic thi cng lp lng nha nng trn cc loi mt ng gm cc cng on chnh: Phun nha; ri
nh; lu ln; bo dng. Yu cu k thut trong tng cng on quy nh nh sau:
7.1 Phun ti nha nng:
7.1.1 Nha c un nng n nhit yu cu c phun ti theo nh mc tu theo th t ti
(xem Bng 4) bng xe phun nha.
7.1.2 Lp nha phun ra mt ng phi u, kn mt. Ngi iu khin phi xc nh tng quan
gia tc i ca xe, tc ca bm nha, chiu cao ca cn phun, chiu rng phn b ca dn
ti, gc t ca cc l phun ph hp vi biu phun nha km theo ca tng loi xe phun nha
2
nhm bo m lng nha phun ra trn 1m mt ng ph hp vi nh mc. Sai lch cho php l
5%. Thng thng tc xe ti nha t 5 km/h n 7 km/h.
7.1.3 trnh nha khng u khi xe bt u chy v khi xe dng li cn ri mt bng giy dy
hoc mt tm tn mng ln mt ng ti nhng v tr ny trn mt chiu di khong 2m; sau khi xe
phun nha xong th di chuyn cc tm n cc v tr khc.
7.1.4 Trng hp trn mt ng cn ri rc nhng ch cha c nha, dng cn phun cm tay ti
b sung; nhng v tr tha nha th phi thm b. Cng vic ny phi hon thnh tht nhanh ri
nh kp thi khi nha ang cn nng.
11

TCVN 8863 : 2011


7.1.5 nhng on dc ln hn 4% th xe phun nha i t di ln dc nha khi chy dn
xung.
7.1.6 Lng nha trong thng cha (si-tc) ca xe ti nha phi tnh ton khi phun xong mt
on c chiu di d nh vn cn li trong thng cha t nht l 10% dung tch thng, nhm
bt kh khng lt vo pha trong h thng phn phi nha, lm sai lch ch phun nha thch hp
tin hnh trc .
7.1.7 Phi ngng ngay vic phun ti nha nu my phun nha gp phi s c k thut, hoc tri
ma.
7.1.8 Khi thi cng lng nha nhiu lp (2 hay 3 lp) cn phi ti nha so le cc mi ni ngang v
dc ca lp trn v lp di.
7.1.9 Khi ti nha bng th cng phi ti di ny chng ln di kia khong 2cm n 5cm. Ngi
ti phi khng ch bc chn lng nha ti u. Chiu di mi di phi c tnh ton sao
cho lng nha cha trong bnh ti cho c lt i v lt v theo nh mc quy nh. Vi
ti phi c ra sch bng du ho v ry kh du mi khi b tc.
7.2 Ri nh
7.2.1 Vt liu nh cc c phi c chun b y , sn sng trc khi ti nha. nh mc
nh cho mi lt ri ly theo Bng 4.
7.2.2 Ri nh bng xe ri chuyn dng hoc bng thit b ri nh mc sau thng xe t.
Vic ri nh phi tin hnh ngay sau khi ti nha nng, chm nht l sau 3 min.
7.2.3 Xe ri nh phi bo m bnh xe lun lun i trn lp nh va c ri, khng
nha dnh vo lp xe (nu ri bng thit b mc sau thng xe t th xe phi i li).
7.2.4 Tc xe v khe h ca thit b c iu chnh thch hp tu theo lng nh cn ri trn
2
1m .
7.2.5 nh phi c ri u khp trn phn mt ng c phun ti nha nng. Trong mt
lt ri cc vin nh phi nm st nhau, che kn mt nha nhng khng nm chng ln nhau.
7.2.6 Vic b ph nh nhng ch thiu, qut b nhng ch tha v nhng vin nh nm
chng ln nhau phi tin hnh ngay trong lc xe ri nh hot ng v kt thc trong cc lt lu ln
u tin.
7.2.7 Nu mt ng ch c ti nha mt na hoc mt phn th khi ri cn cha li mt di
gip ni khong 20cm dc theo din tch c ti nha v khi thi cng phn bn kia xe cn phun
nha chng ln di gip ni y.
7.2.8 Khi thi cng bng th cng th dng ky xoay nh thnh tng lp u khp v kn ht din
tch mt ng, hoc dng xe ci tin i li ri nh. Cc ng nh phi c vn chuyn
trc v b tr ngay bn l ng c qut sch, c ly v th tch mi ng nh phi c
2
tnh ton bo m nh lng nh trn 1m theo quy nh. Ri nh n u, dng chi qut
u cho kn mt n y.
7.3 Lu ln nh
7.3.1 Dng lu bnh hi c ti trng mi bnh t 1,5 T n 2,5 T, b rng lu t nht l 1,5m, lu ln
ngay sau mi lt ri . Tc lu trong 2 lt u l 3km/h, trong cc lt sau tng dn ln 10km/h.
12

TCVN 8863 : 2011


Tng s lt lu l 6 ln qua mt im. Nu khng c lu bnh hi c th dng lu bnh st t 6 T n 8
T; tc cc lt lu u l 2km/h, sau tng dn ln 5km/h; tng s lt lu l 6 ln n 8 ln qua mt
im. Khi c hin tng v th phi dng lu.
Tng s lt lu v s lu ln s c chnh xc ho sau khi lm on th nghim (xem iu 5.2).
7.3.2 Xe lu i t mp vo gia v vt lu phi chng ln nhau t nht l 20cm. Phi gi bnh xe lu lun
kh v sch.
7.3.3 Vic lu ln cc lp nh cn c tip tc nh bnh xe t khi thng xe nu thc hin tt cc
quy nh iu 7.4.
7.4 Bo dng sau khi thi cng.
7.4.1 Mt ng lng nha nng sau khi thi cng xong c th cho thng xe ngay. Trong 2 ngy u
cn hn ch tc xe khng qu 10km/h v khng qu 20km/h trong vng t 7 ngy n 10 ngy
sau khi thi cng. Trong thi gian ny nn t cc ba-rie trn mt ng iu chnh xe t chy u
khp trn mt ng ng thi hn ch tc xe.
7.4.2 Sau khi thi cng cn b tr ngi theo di bo dng trong 15 ngy qut cc vin nh ri
rc b bn ra l khi xe chy, sa cc ch li lm cc b, nhng ch tha nha thiu hoc ngc
li.
7.5 Trnh t thi cng lng nha nng mt lp trn mt ng:
7.5.1 Lm sch mt ng c chun b theo iu 6.1.
7.5.2 Cng dy, vch mc hoc t cc du lm c cho li xe ti nha thy r phm vi cn phun
nha trong mi lt.
7.5.3 Phun ti nha nng theo nh mc Bng 4 v theo cc yu cu k thut quy nh trong iu
7.1.
7.5.4 Ri ngay nh c kch c v nh mc theo Bng 4 v theo cc yu cu k thut quy nh
trong iu 7.2.
7.5.5 Lu ln ngay bng lu bnh hi (hoc bng lu bnh st t 6 T n 8 T) theo cc yu cu k thut
trong iu 7.3.
7.5.6 Bo dng mt ng lng nha trong vng 15 ngy theo cc yu cu k thut trong iu 7.4.
7.6 Trnh t thi cng lng nha nng hai lp trn mt ng:
1 v 2 - Tin hnh nh iu 7.5.1 v 7.5.2.
3- Phun ti nha nng lt th nht theo nh mc Bng 4 v theo cc yu cu k thut quy nh
trong iu 7.1.
4- Ri ngay nh lt th nht c kch c v nh mc theo Bng 4 v theo cc yu cu k thut
quy nh trong iu 7.2.

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5- Lu ln ngay bng lu bnh hi (hoc bng lu bnh st t 6 T n 8 T) theo cc yu cu k thut
trong iu 7.3.
6- Phun ti nha nng ln th hai theo nh mc Bng 4 v theo cc yu cu k thut quy nh
nh trong iu 7.1.
7- Ri ngay nh lt th hai c kch c v nh mc theo Bng 4 v theo cc yu cu k thut quy
nh nh trong iu 7.2.
8- Lu ln ngay bng lu bnh hi (hoc bng lu bnh st t 6 T n 8 T) theo cc yu cu k thut
trong iu 7.3.
9- Bo dng mt ng lng nha trong vng 15 ngy theo cc yu cu k thut trong iu 7.4.
7.7 Trnh t thi cng lng nha nng 3 lp trn mt ng:
7.1.1 Tin hnh cc bc theo quy nh ti iu 7.6,1 n iu 7.6,8. Lng nha v lng nh
dng ti v ri trong ln th nht ly theo Bng 4.
7.7.2 Phun ti nha nng ln th hai theo nh mc Bng 4 v theo cc yu cu k thut quy nh
nh trong iu 7.1.
7.7.3 Ri ngay nh lt th hai c kch c v nh mc theo Bng 4 v theo cc yu cu k thut
quy nh nh trong iu 7.2.
7.7.4 Lu ln ngay bng lu bnh hi (hoc bng lu bnh st t 6 T n 8 T) theo cc yu cu k thut
trong iu 7.3.
7.7.5 Phun ti nha nng ln th ba theo nh mc Bng 4 v theo cc yu cu k thut quy nh
nh trong iu 7.1.
7.7.6 Ri ngay nh ln th ba c kch c v nh mc theo Bng 4 v theo cc yu cu k thut
quy nh nh trong iu 7.2.
7.7.7 Lu ln ngay bng lu bnh hi (hoc bng lu bnh st t 6 T n 8 T) theo cc yu cu k thut
trong iu 7.3.
7.7.8 Bo dng mt ng lng nha trong 15 ngy theo cc yu cu trong iu 7.4.

8 Gim st, kim tra v nghim thu


8.1 Vic gim st kim tra c tin hnh thng xuyn trc, trong v sau khi lm lp lng nha
nng trn cc loi mt ng. Yu cu c bn i vi lp lng nha bng nha nng trn cc loi
mt ng l dnh bm tt vi lp mt ng, khng bong bt, khng b dn ln sng, khng chy
nha khi tri nng v pht huy c cc tc dng nu ti 1.1.
8.2 Kim tra gim st cng vic chun b lp mt ng cn lng nha bao gm:
- Kim tra li cao v kch thc hnh hc ca mt ng (theo bin bn nghim thu trc ).
- Kim tra bng phng ca mt ng bng thc di 3 m, hoc thit b o IRI.
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- Kim tra cht lng b vnh, v g nu l mt ng c.
- Kim tra sch, mc kh ro ca mt ng bng mt.
- Kim tra k thut ti nha thm bm bng mt: u khp, chiu su thm, thi gian ch i nha
ng c.
2
- Kim tra lng nha thm bm dng trn 1m bng cch ghi li vch ch mc nha trong thng
cha nha ca xe phun nha trc v sau khi phun nha trn mt din tch bit; ly hiu s ca
hai th tch tng ng vi hai mc y chia cho din tch c ti.

8.3 Kim tra cc xe my, thit b:


8.3.1 Kim tra v s hot ng bnh thng ca cc b phn ca xe phun nha, xe v thit b ri
nh, cc my lu.
8.3.2 i vi cc b phn ca xe phun nha nng cn kim tra:
- Tnh trng cch nhit ca thng cha nha nng: nhit ca nha nng trong thng khng c
O
gim xung qu 2,5 C trong mi gi.
- chnh xc ca ng h o tc xe 1,5%; ca tc my bm 1,5%; ca ng h o dung
O
lng nha 2%; ca nhit k o nhit ca nha nng 5 C.
- Chiu cao ca dn phun thch hp vi biu ti nha ca tng loi xe, tng ng vi tc xe,
2
tc bm v lng nha ti cho 1m .
- ng u ca lng nha phun xung mt ng c kim tra bng cch t cc khay
bng tn mng c kch thc y l 25cmx40cm thnh cao 4cm trn mt ng hng nha khi xe
phun nha i qua. Cn khay trc v sau khi xe phun nha i qua, ly hiu s s c c lng
2
nha nng ti trn 0,10m ; cn t 3 hp trn mt trc ngang. Chnh lch lng nha ti cc v
tr t khay khng c qu 15%.
2
- Chnh lch gia lng nha phun trn 1m vi nh mc khng qu 5%.

8.3.3 i vi xe v thit b ri nh cn kim tra nhn v bng phng ca thng ben, s hot
ng ca ca x v khe x nh, s hot ng ca trc quay phn phi ngang v ym chn ca
thit b ri .
Kim tra ng u ca vic ri bng cch t cc khay bng tn c din tch y l 25cmx40cm
trn mt ng hng khi my ri nh i qua. S chnh lch gia cc v tr hng khng
qu 10%.
2
S lng nh ri thc t trn 1m c php chnh lch vi nh mc khng qu 8%.

8.3.4 i vi my lu cn kim tra tnh trng lp, p lc hi, ti trng ca bnh xe.
8.4 Kim tra cht lng ca vt liu:
8.4.1 Vt liu nh:

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Trc khi dng phi ly mu kim tra theo iu 4.1. Khi dng khi lng ln th c 1000m3 phi th
nghim mt t mu.
Kim tra kh ro ca nh, nht l sau cc ngy ma.
8.4.2 Nha lng ti thm bm:
Nha lng hoc nh tng phi c kim tra cc ch tiu k thut cc Phng th nghim hp
chun.
8.4.3 Nha:
- Ngoi nhng ch tiu cn c th nghim nh ni iu 4.2, cn phi kim tra mi ngy mt ln
kim ln 25OC ca mu nha ly trc tip t thng nu nha s b.
- Trong mi ngy thi cng cn ly nha trc tip t b phn phn phi nha ca xe phun nha
kim tra cht lng.
- Kim tra nhit ca nha nng trc khi bm vo si-tc xe phun nha v trc khi phun ti. Sai
lch cho php l 10OC (i vi nha 60/70 nhit yu cu khi ti l 160OC).
- Nha un n nhit thi cng khng c gi lu trn 8 h.
8.5 Kim tra gim st trong khi thi cng lp lng nha nng:
8.5.1 Kim tra vic ti nha nng bo m nh mc, s ng u, nhit ti. Kim tra vic ri
nh bo m tnh kp thi, bo m nh mc, kn mt nha, vic qut tha v b sung kp thi
ch thiu. Kim tra vic ti nha v ri cc ch ni tip.
Kim tra vic lu ln: s lu, s ln lu trn mt im, tc lu ln, tnh trng nh di bnh lu.
Kim tra vic thc hin cng vic bo dng to iu kin tt cho lp lng nha hnh thnh.
8.5.2 Kim tra vic t chc giao thng ni b trong phm vi cng trng, vic bo m giao thng
trn ng. Kim tra vic t chc canh gc, t cc du hiu.
8.5.3 Kim tra cc iu kin an ton lao ng trong tt c cc khu trc khi bt u mi ca lm vic
v c trong qu trnh thi cng.
8.5.4 Kim tra vic bo v mi trng chung quanh: khng cho php nha tha, tha vo cc
cng, rnh; khng nha dnh bn vo cc cng trnh hai bn ng. Khng khi un nha nh
hng nhiu n khu vc dn c bn ng.
8.6 Nghim thu
Sau khi lp lng nha nng hnh thnh (t 10 ngy n 15 ngy sau khi thi cng) tin hnh cng vic
nghim thu theo cc tiu chun sau (xem Bng 5).
Bng 5 Tiu chun nghim thu
Cht lng lp lng nha v
kch thc mt ng lng nha
1. Nha ln u. nh ph kn mt

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Phng php kim tra


Quan st bng mt

Tiu chun
nh ph kn mt ng
khng di 98% din tch

TCVN 8863 : 2011


Cht lng lp lng nha v
kch thc mt ng lng nha
2. nh khng b ri rc, bong bt

Phng php kim tra


Quan st bng mt

Tiu chun
Sau 15 ngy k t ngy thi
cng xong, xe chy vi tc
20km/h khng b
bong bt

Bng 5 (Tip)
Cht lng lp lng nha v
kch thc mt ng lng nha
3. nh khng b v vn

Phng php kim tra

Tiu chun

Quan st bng mt

4. Khng b li lm cc b do tha Quan st bng mt


thiu hoc nha
5. bng phng mt ng lng o bng thc di 3m - Khe h khng qu 5mm
nha (5 v tr cho 1km/1 ln xe chy)
t song song vi tim i vi mt ng cp cao
ng.
A1
Khi thi cng lin tc
(1km) trn mt ng
cp A1 th cn kim tra
bng thit b o ch s
g gh quc t (IRI)
6. B rng mt ng lng nha o bng thc dy
nng (10 ct ngang/1km)

- Khe h khng qu 7mm


i vi cc loi mt ng
khc
- (i vi mt ng cp
cao A1, IRI 2,8)
Sai lch khng qu -10cm

7. dc ngang (10 ct ngang cho o bng thc mu c Sai lch khng qu 0,5%
1km )
ng thu bnh (bt nc)

9 An ton lao ng v bo v mi trng


9.1 Ti kho cha nha, ni nu nha, ni pha nha vi du ho:
9.1.1 Phi trit tun theo cc quy nh v phng ho, chng st, bo v mi trng, an ton lao
ng m Nh nc ban hnh.
Ngoi ra cn ch thc hin cc iu sau:
9.1.2 nhng ni c th xy ra m chy (kho, ni cha nha, ni cha nhin liu, ni nu v pha
trn nha ...) phi c sn cc dng c cha chy, thng ng ct kh, bnh bt dp la, b nc v
cc li ra ph.
9.1.3 Ni nu nha phi cch xa cc cng trnh xy dng d chy v cc kho tng khc t nht l
50m.
9.2 Ti hin trng thi cng

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9.2.1 Trc khi thi cng phi t bin bo cng trng, bin bo hn ch tc xe u v cui
on ng thi cng, b tr ngi v bng hng dn ng trnh cho cc loi phng tin giao
thng trn ng; quy nh s di chuyn ca xe vn chuyn , xe phun nha.
9.2.2 Cng nhn phc v theo xe phun nha phi c ng, gng tay, khu trang, qun o bo h lao
ng.
9.2.3 Trc mi ca lm vic phi kim tra tt c cc my mc v thit b thi cng.
9.2.4 Phi c nhng phng tin y t s cu, c bit l s cu khi b bng.
9.2.5 Khi thi cng xong phi dn dp, khng nha, lp cng rnh, ri vi trn l ng, khng
nha dnh bm vo cc cng trnh, cy ci ven ng.

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