BI TP V Al

Bi ton 1: Cho 200ml dung dch AlCl

3
1,5M tc dng vi V lt dung dch NaOH
0,5M, lng kt ta thu c l 15,6 gam. Tnh gi tr ln nht ca V.

Bi ton 2: Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 2M vo dung dch cha 0,1mol Al
2
(SO
4
)
3

v 0,1mol H
2
SO
4
n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 7,8 gam kt ta. Tnh gi
tr ln nht ca V thu c lng kt ta trn.

Bi ton 3: Cho 3,42 gam Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
vo 50ml dung dch NaOH, thu c 1,56
gam kt ta v dung dch X. Tnh nng M ca dung dch NaOH.

Bi ton 4: Cho 200ml dung dch KOH vo 200ml dung dch AlCl
3
1M thu c
7,8 gam kt ta keo. Tnh nng M ca dung dch KOH.

Bi ton 5: Cho 200ml dung dch HCl vo 200ml dung dch NaAlO
2
2M thu c
15,6 gam kt ta keo. Tnh nng M ca dung dch HCl.

Bi ton 6: Cho 200ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
vo 400ml dung dch NaAlO
2
1M thu
c 7,8 gam kt ta. Tnh nng M ca dung dch H
2
SO
4
.
Bi 12: Cho 8,05 gam kim loi Na vo 500 ml dung dch Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
0,1M, sau khi
cc phn ng xy ra hon ton ta thu c cht kt ta B. Tnh khi lng B.(3,9
gam)
Bi 13: Cho 10,5 gam hn hp 2 kim loi gm Al v mt kim loi kim M vo
trong nc. Sau phn ng thu c dung dch B v 5,6 lt kh ( ktc). Cho t t
dung dch HCl vo dung dch B thu c mt lng kt ta ln nht. Lc v
cn kt ta c 7,8 gam. Xc nh kim loi kim.(K)
Bi 14: Trn 100 ml dung dch Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
1M vi 700 ml dung dch NaOH 1M thu
c dung dch X v kt ta Y. Nung Y n khi lng khng i. Xc nh khi
lng cht rn thu c (5,1g)
Bi 15: Ha tan hon ton 13,275 g hn hp BaO v Al vo nc c dung dch
X .Sc CO
2
d vo X thu c 7,410 g kt ta .(Ba = 137, Al = 27 , O=16 , H=1).
Tnh phn trm khi lng BaO trong hn hp.( 80,678%)
Bi 16:Cho 3,42 gam Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
vo 50ml dung dch NaOH, thu c 1,56 gam kt
ta v dung dch X. Tnh nng mol/lt ca dung dch NaOH.( 2,4 mol/lt)
Bi 17: Trn dd cha x mol AlCl
3
vi dd cha y mol NaOH. Xc nh t l x:y
c th thu c kt ta.( x:y>1:4)
Bi 18: Cho 350 ml dd NaOH 1M vo 100 ml dd AlCl
3
1M. Khi phn ng kt
thc. Tnh khi lng kt tu thu c.(3,9g)
Bi 19: Mt dd cha a mol NaAlO
2
tc dng vi mt dd cha b mol HCl. Xc nh
iu kin ca a, b thu c kt ta.(b<4a)
Bi 20: Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 2M vo dung dch cha 0,1M Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
v 0,1
mol H
2
SO
4
n khi phn ng hon ton thu c 7,8 gam kt ta. Tnh gi tr ln
nht ca V thu c khi lng kt ta.(0,35l)
Bi 21: Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 0,5 M tc dng vi 300 ml dung dch AlCl 1
M, lng kt ta thu c l 15,6 gam. Tnh gi tr nh nht c th c ca V.(1,2l)
Bi 22: Cho V lt dung dch KOH 0,1 M tc dng vi 150 ml dung dch Al(NO
3
)
3
0,2 M, lng kt ta trng keo thu c l 1,56 gam. Tnh gi tr nh nht c th
c ca V.(200ml)
Bi 23: Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 1M vo dung dch cha 0,1 mol Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
v
0,1 mol H
2
SO
4
n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 7,8 gam kt ta. Tnh gi tr
ln nht ca V thu c khi lng kt ta.(0,9l)
Bi 24: Cho 500 ml dung dch NaOH 0,12 M vo 3,42 gam Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
thu c m
gam kt ta v dung dch X. Tnh gi tr ca m.(1,56g)
Bi 25: Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 0,35 M tc dng vi 2 lt dung dch AlCl
3
0,1
M, lng kt ta thu c l 7,8 gam. Tnh gi tr ln nht c th c ca V.(2,0l)
Bi 26: Cho V lt dung dch HCl 0,5 M vo 2lt dung dch KAlO
2
0,2 M thu c
15,6 gam kt ta keo. Tnh gi tr ln nht c th c ca V. (2,0l)
Bi 27:Cho 200ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,25 M vo 4lt dung dch KAlO
2
0,1 M thu
c a gam kt ta. Tnh gi tr ca a. (7,8g)
Bi ton 1:
+ Cch 1: p dng phng php th ta c:
3
3
AlCl
Al
n n 0, 2.1,5 0,3mol
+
= = = ,
3
Al(OH)
15, 6
n 0, 2mol
78
= =

NaOH
NaOH
0, 6
n 0, 6mol V 1, 2lit
0, 5
1
n 1mol V 2lit
0, 5

= = =

= = =

gi tr ln nht l 2 lt C ng.







3
Al(OH)
n

-
OH
n
0,3
0,3 1

0,2
1,2
Al
3+
0,6 0,9
+ Cch 2: Gii bng phng php thng thng.
+Cch 3: p dng cng thc gii nhanh sau:
OH
(max)
NaOH(max)
1
n (4.0,3 0, 2) 1 V 2lit
0, 5

= = => = = = (4.a- b) mol . C ng

Bi ton 2:
+ Cch 1: p dng phng php th:
3
2 4 2 4 3 3
H SO Al (SO ) Al(OH)
Al
7,8
n 0,1mol; n 2n 0, 2mol; n 0,1mol
78
+
= = = = =
Trn th
OH
n 0, 7mol

= mt khc trung ho 0,1mol H

2
SO
4
th cn 0,2mol OH
-


NaOH NaOH
OH
0,9
n n 0, 2 0, 7 0,9mol V 0, 45
2

= = + = = = lt D ng











+ Cch 2: Phng php thng thng. Tac:
3
OH H Al
n 2V(mol); n 0, 2mol; n 0, 2mol
+ +
= = =
Th t phn ng xy ra trung ho trao i
H
+
+ OH
-
H
2
O (1)
0,2 0,2 0,2
3OH
-
+ Al
3+
Al(OH)
3
+ (2)
0,6 0,2 0,2
- -
3 2 2
OH + Al(OH) AlO +2H O (3)
0,1 0,1 0,1
T (1), (2), (3)
OH
n 0, 2 0, 6 0,1 0,9

= + + = 2V = 0,9 V = 0,45 lt
+Cch 3: p dng cng thc gii nhanh sau:
2 4
OH
(max)
H SO NaOH(max)
0,9
n 2.n (4.0, 2 0,1) 0, 2 0,9 V 0, 45lit
2

+ = + = => = = = (4.a- b) mol

.
C ng.
Al(OH)
3
OH
n


0,2
0,3
0,6

A
0,8

0,1
O
0,7

Bi ton 3:
+ Cch 1: p dng phng php th:
2 4 3
Al (SO )
3, 42
n 0,01mol;
342
= =
3
Al(OH)
1,56
n 0,02mol
78
= =
OH
n 0,06mol

=
M.NaOH
0,06
C 1, 2M
0,05
= = B ng










+ Cch 2: - TH1: OH
-
thiu nn xy ra phn ng: Al
3+
+ 3OH
-
Al(OH)
3


3 3
Al(OH) NaOH Al(OH)
OH
1,56
n 0, 02mol; n n 3n 0, 06mol
78

= = = = =

NaOH
M
0, 06
C 1, 2M
0, 05
= = B ng
- TH2: OH
-
d ho tan mt phn kt ta nn xy ra phn ng:
Al
3+
+ 3OH
-
Al(OH)
3
(1)
0,02 0,06 0,02
Al(OH)
3
+ OH
-
AlO
-
2
+ 2H
2
O (2)

3
2 4 3
Al (SO )
Al
n 2n 0, 02mol
+
= =

3
Al(OH)
n b ho tan = 0,02 - 0,02 = 0 loi trng hp ny
Bi ton 4:
+ Cch 1: p dng phng php th

3 3
AlCl Al(OH)
7,8
n 0, 2mol; n 0,1mol
78
= = =
KOH
KOH
KOH M
KOH M
0, 3
n 0, 3mol C 1, 5M
0, 2
0, 7
n 0, 7mol C 3, 5M
0, 2

= = =

= = =

Chn A ng



3
Al(OH)
n

-
OH
n

0,2
0,
6
0,3
0,7 0,8
3
Al(OH)
n

-
OH
n
0,02
0,06 0,08
Bi ton 5:

3
Al(OH)
15, 6
n 0, 2mol
78
= =

HCl
HCl
M
H
M
H
0, 2
n 0, 2mol C 1M
0, 2
1
n 1mol C 5M
0, 2
+
+

= = =

= = =

C ng









Cch 2: p dng cng thc gii nhanh sau:
( )
HCl (min)
H
(min)
H
(max)
HCl max
M
M
0, 2
C 1M
n
0, 2
n 1 . 1
C 5M
0, 2
+
+

= =

= =

= b= 0,2mol
= (4.a- 3.b) =(4.0,4- 3.0,2) = mol
C ng
Bi ton 6:
p dng phng php th:
2 3
NaAlO Al(OH)
7,8
n 0, 4mol; n 0,1mol
78
= = =


2 4
2 4
H SO M
H SO M
1 0,1 0, 05
n H 0, 05mol C 0, 25M
2 2 0, 2
1 1, 3 0, 65
n H 0, 65mol C 3, 25M
2 2 0, 2
+
+

= = = = =

= = = = =

D ng











Cch 2: p dng cng thc gii nhanh sau:
+
H
n

0,4
0,1
1,3 1,6
0,4
Al(OH)
3
+
H
n

0,4
0,2 1
1,6
0,4
Al(OH)
3
0,2
( )
H2SO4(min)
H
(min)
H
(max)
H2SO4 max
M
M
0,1
C 0, 25M
n
0, 2.2
n 1, 3 . 1, 3
C 3, 25M
0, 2.2
+
+

= =

= =

= b= 0,1mol
= (4.a- 3.b) =(4.0,4- 3.0,1) = mol

D ng.