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Hysys trong m phng Cng ngh ha hc

LI GII THIU
Hin nay trong lnh vc cng ngh h o hc c rt nhiu phn mm m phng ca cc cng ty phn mm c pht trin v s dng rng ri trong tnh ton cng ngh, nh: PRO/II, Dynsim (Simsci); HYSIM, HYSYS, HTFS, STX/ACX, BDK (AspenTech); PROSIM, TSWEET (Bryan Research & Engineering); Design II (Winsim); IDEAS Simulation; Simulator 42, trong ph bin nht l PRO II, Dynsim (Simsci) v HYSYS (AspenTech). S pht trin mnh m ca cng ngh h o hc trong th k 21, i hi mi k s cng ngh cn phi hiu v s dng thnh tho t nht mt trong s cc phn mm m phng ph bin trn. HYSYS c c s nhit ng hc rt vng chc v y , kh nng thit k linh hot, cng vi mc chnh xc v tnh thit thc ca cc h nhit ng cho php thc hin cc m hnh tnh ton rt gn vi thc t cng ngh. HYSYS l cng c m phng cng ngh rt mnh phc v cho nghin cu tnh ton thit k cng ngh ca cc k s trn c s hiu bit v cc qu trnh cng ngh ho hc. HYSYS p ng cc yu cu cng ngh nn tng c bn cho m hnh ho v m phng cc qu trnh cng ngh t khai thc ti ch bin trong cc nh my x l kh v nh my lm lnh su, cho n cc qu trnh cng ngh lc h o du v cng ngh ho hc. HYSYS rt mnh trong m phng tnh. mc c bn, vic hiu bit v la chn ng cc cng c m phng v cc cu t cn thit , cho php m hnh ho v m phng cc qu trnh cng ngh mt cch ph hp v tin cy. iu quan trng nht l phi hiu bit su sc qu trnh cng ngh trc khi bt u thc hin m phng, bi v HYSYS ch l cng c phc v cho m phng tnh ton cng ngh, n khng th suy ngh thay cho cc k s . HYSYS c ch trng thit k c bit cho mt s im trng yu nhm h tr cc k s thc hin m phng hiu qu. Kh nng ng dng v s dng hiu qu l hai tnh nng vt tri ca HYSYS, v ang tip tc c pht trin. HYSYS l chng trnh m phng cng ngh ha hc ang c s dng rng ri trong cc trng i hc cng ngh. Quyn sch ny s gii thiu cho sinh vin ln u tin s dng HYSYS v c t hoc cha c kinh nghim m phng trn my tnh, v cung l gio trnh dnh cho sinh vin nm th ba ca cc trng i

hc cng ngh, ng thi quyn sch c th s dng nh mt ch dn cho cc kha hc cao hn trong cng ngh ha hc, khi HYSYS nh mt cng c m phng gii quyt cc vn cng ngh. Hn na c th s dng quyn sch ny ng thi cho c sinh vin v k s thc hnh, nh mt ti liu hng dn hay mt quyn s tay cho cc kha hc HYSYS. HYSYS l chng trnh m phng rt phc tp v v th trong mt cun sch khng th cp n tt c cc vn . Quyn sch ny t trng tm vo phn c bn ca HYSYS, nhm gip cho nhng sinh vin ln u tin lm quen vi m phng c th nm bt c v dn dn s dng thnh tho trong tnh ton thit k cng ngh. Phn mm HYSYS chy trong mi trng Window s c giao din thn thin vi ngi s dng. HYSYS cung ging nh tt c cc phn mm khc lun lun c s pht trin phin bn mi, tuy nhin phn c bn hu nh khng thay i t phin bn ny n phin bn khc, quyn sch ny hng dn s dng HYSYS 2004.1, c cung cp c bn quyn ti phng th nghim Cng ngh Lc H o du v Vt liu xc tc trng i hc Bch khoa H Ni. Sau khi ci t ngi s dng ch cn c hiu bit c bn v my tnh l c th s dng c. Quyn sch ny c hon thnh vi s tham gia rt nhit tnh ca cc sinh vin nm cui chuyn ngnh Cng ngh Hu c H o Du, trng i hc Bch khoa H Ni - cc tr ging - lm vic rt nghim tc v c kt qu. Quyn sch ny c bin son ln u nn khng trnh khi thiu st , rt mong nhn c s gp ca nhng ngi s dng sa cha b sung cho nhng ln ti bn sau c tt hn. Xin chn thnh cm n. Tc gi

MC LC

Li gii thiu ............................................................................................................... 3

Chng 1 GII THIU V M PHNG .................................. 9 1.1. Mc ch ca m phng ........................................................................................ 9 1.2. Gii thiu HYSYS ............................................................................................... 11 Chng 2 BT U VI HYSYS ..................................... 13 2.1. Bt u vi HYSYS ............................................................................................ 14 2.2. Qun l c s m phng ...................................................................................... 14 2.3. Bt u m phng ............................................................................................... 15 2.4. Nhp cc cu t ................................................................................................... 16 2.5. La chn H nhit ng (Fluids Package) ........................................................... 17 2.6. La chn m hnh nhit ng .............................................................................. 18 2.7. Vo mi trng m phng ................................................................................... 20 2.8. Khi to dng vt cht ......................................................................................... 22 2.9. Tm tt v n tp chng 2 ................................................................................. 27 2.10. Bi tp ............................................................................................................... 27

Chng 3 PHNG TRNH TRNG THI ............................ 29 3.1. Phng trnh trng thi Cc biu thc ton hc................................................. 30 3.2. Thc hin m phng ............................................................................................ 30 3.3. Tm tt v n tp chng 3 ................................................................................. 38 3.4. Bi tp ................................................................................................................. 39

Chng 4 BM .................................................... 40

4.1. Bi ton ............................................................................................................... 41 4.2. Tin hnh m phng bm .................................................................................... 41 4.3. Tho lun ............................................................................................................ 46 4.4. Tm tt v n tp chng 4 ................................................................................. 46 4.5. Bi tp nng cao .................................................................................................. 46

Chng 5 MY NN ................................................ 47

5.1. Bi ton ............................................................................................................... 48 5.2. Tin hnh m phng my nn .............................................................................. 48 5.3. Tho lun ............................................................................................................ 53 5.4. Tm tt v n tp chng 5 ................................................................................. 53 5.5. Bi tp nng cao .................................................................................................. 53

Chng 6 TUCBIN GIN N KH (EXPANDER) ................... 54

6.1. Bi ton ............................................................................................................... 55 6.2. Tin hnh m phng tucbin gin n ................................................................... 55 6.3. Tho lun ............................................................................................................ 57 6.4. Tm tt v n tp chng 6 ................................................................................. 57 6.5. Bi tp nng cao ................................................................................................... 57

Chng 7 THIT B TRAO I NHIT................................ 58

7.1. Bi ton ............................................................................................................... 59 7.2. Tin hnh m phng qu trnh trao i nhit ........................................................ 59 7.3. Tho lun ............................................................................................................ 61 7.4. Tm tt v n tp chng 7 ................................................................................. 61 7.5. Bi tp nng cao .................................................................................................. 61 Chng 8 THP TCH .............................................. 62

8.1. Bi ton ............................................................................................................... 63 8.2. Thc hin m phng qu trnh tch pha ............................................................... 63 8.3. Tm tt v n tp chng 8 ................................................................................. 68 8.4. Bi tp nng cao .................................................................................................. 68

Chng 9 PHN NG CHUYN HO .................................. 69

9.1. Bi ton ............................................................................................................... 70 9.2. Thc hin m phng qu trnh phn ng chuyn ho ........................................... 70 9.3. Tm tt v n tp chng 9 ................................................................................. 76

Chng 10 PHN NG CN BNG ................................ 77

10.1. Bi ton ............................................................................................................. 78 10.2. Thc hin m phng qu trnh phn ng cn bng ............................................. 78 10.3. Tm tt v n tp chng 10 ............................................................................. 87

Chng 11 THIT B PHN NG KHUY LIN TC (CSTR) .......... 88

11.1. Thit lp mt Session Preference mi ................................................................ 89 11.2. Khi to H n v o mi (Unit Set) ................................................................. 89 11.3. Thc hin m phng thit b phn ng khuy lin tc ........................................ 91 11.4. Tm tt v n tp chng 11 ............................................................................ 100

Chng 12 THP HP TH ......................................... 101 12.1. Bi ton .................................................................................................................... 102 12.2. Thc hin m phng qu trnh hp th ............................................................. 102 12.3. Tm tt v n tp chng 12 ........................................................................... 109

12.4. Bi tp nng cao .............................................................................................. 110 Chng 13 THP CHNG LUYN .................................... 111

S cng ngh ....................................................................................................... 112 Thp tch metan DC1 ............................................................................................... 113 Thp tch etan DC2.................................................................................................. 114 Thp tch propan DC3 ............................................................................................. 115 13.1. Thc hin m phng qu trnh ......................................................................... 115 13.2. Tm tt v n tp chng 13 ........................................................................... 126

Chng 14 CC BI TP ........................................... 127

14.1. Bi tp 1. Qu trnh c thit b phn ng v thp tch pha ................................ 128 14.2. Bi tp 2: Ci tin qu trnh ca bi tp 1......................................................... 129 14.3. Bi tp 3: Qu trnh c s dng cng c logic Recycle .................................... 130 14.4. Bi tp 4: Sn xut etylen oxit ......................................................................... 132 14.5. Bi tp 5: Chng luyn .................................................................................... 133 GII NGHA MT S CM T TING ANH TRONG M PHNG ............ 135 TI LIU THAM KHO...................................................................................... 136

Chng 1

GII THIU V M PHNG


1.1. Mc ch ca m phng M phng Simulation l phng php m hnh ho da trn vic thit lp m hnh s, v vy cn c gi l Digital S imulation. y l mt cng c rt mnh gii cc biu thc ton hc m t cc qu trnh cng ngh h o hc. m phng mt qu trnh trong thc t i hi trc ht phi thit lp m hnh nguyn l ca qu trnh v mi lin h gia cc thng s lin quan. Tip l s dng cc cng c ton hc m t m hnh nguyn l, la chn cc thut ton cn thit. Cui cng l tin hnh x l cc biu thc vi cc iu kin rng buc.Trong thc t vic tnh ton gp hai kh khn. Th nht l gii h cc phng trnh i s phi tuyn (thng phi s dng phng php tnh lp). Th hai l php tnh tch phn ca cc biu thc vi phn (s dng cc biu thc vi phn hu hn ri rc xp x cc biu thc vi phn lin tc). Cc m hnh ton hc rt hu ch trong tt c cc giai on, t nghin cu trin khai n ci tin pht trin nh my, v ngay c trong nghin cu cc kha cnh thng mi v kinh t ca qu trnh cng ngh. Trong nghin cu cng ngh, da trn cc s liu nghin cu v c ch v ng hc ca phn ng trong phng th nghim hoc cc phn xng pilot, nh gi nh hng ca cc iu kin tin hnh qu trnh nghin cu ti u ho v iu khin qu trnh, bao gm c nghin cu tnh ton m rng quy m sn xut (scale -up). Trong nghin cu thit k, tnh ton kch thc v cc thng s ca thit b v ton b dy chuyn cng ngh, nh gi nh hng ca cc yu t ng hc, nghin cu tng tc nh hng ln nhau ca cc cng on trong cng ngh khi c s tun hon nguyn liu hoc trao i nhit tn dng ti u nhit ca qu trnh. M phng tnh ton iu khin qu trnh, khi ng, dng nh my, x l cc s c v cc tnh hung xy ra trong qu trnh vn hnh nh my. Mt qu trnh cng ngh ho hc trong thc t l mt tp hp gm rt nhiu yu t ht sc phc tp c nh hng ln nhau (cc thng s cng ngh nh nhit , p sut , lu lng dng, thnh phn hn hp phn ng, xc tc, cc qu trnh phn ng song song v ni tip, hiu ng nhit ca phn ng, cn bng pha trong h thng,). phc tp ca qu trnh tng ln, ng ngha vi s lng cc thng s lin quan, cc bin s, cc phng trnh, cc biu thc ton hc, cc iu kin rng buc tng ln. Gii quyt ng thi cc vn trn i hi mt khi lng tnh ton

cc k ln, vic tnh ton bng tay i hi rt nhiu thi gian v hu nh l khng th thc hin c mt cch chnh xc v tin cy. Ngy nay vi s pht trin ca cng ngh phn mm tin hc, s ra i ca cc phn mm m phng, vic nghin cu tnh ton thit k cng ngh bng phng php m phng ang ngy cng pht trin, tr nn ph bin v chim u th. M phng cng ngh bng cc phn mm m phng vi s tr gip ca my vi tnh l gii php hiu qu, ton din v cho kt qu tin cy. Trong ngnh cng ngh ho hc, m phng ng vai tr v cng quan trng trong vic nghin cu thit k cng ngh, phn tch, vn hnh v ti u ho h thng, iu khin cc qu trnh cng ngh gn vi cc qu trnh trong thc t, v c trong cc nghin cu tnh ton ti u ho v mt kinh t ca qu trnh cng ngh. Chng trnh m phng ni chung bao gm cc thnh phn sau: Th vin c s d liu (cc h nhit ng, cc cu t bao gm c c tnh cht vt l v ho l ca chng,) v cc thut ton lin quan n vic truy cp v tnh ton cc tnh cht h o l ca cc cu t v hn hp cu t, thit lp cc cu t gi. C th b sung cc cu t, hoc thay i cc h n v trong chng trnh p ng yu cu ca ngi s dng. Cc cng c m phng cho cc thit b c th c trong h thng cng ngh ho hc nh: bm, my nn, tucbin gin n kh, thit b trao i nhit, thp tch hai pha v ba pha, chng ct, hp th, trn dng v chia dngPhn ny c cha cc m hnh ton v thut ton phc v cho qu trnh tnh ton cc thng s ca thit b v cc thng s cng ngh ca qu trnh cng ngh c m phng. Cc cng c logic phc v cho vic tnh ton tun hon nguyn liu, thit lp cc thng s cng ngh, iu chnh cc thng s theo yu cu cng ngh, tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn bng nng lng, tnh ton cn bng pha, Cc cng c m phng cc qu trnh iu khin (iu khin nhit , iu khin p sut, iu khin lu lng dng, iu khin mc cht lng.. .) trong qu trnh vn hnh quy trnh cng ngh h o hc. Chng trnh iu hnh chung ton b hot ng ca cc cng c m phng v ngn hng d liu.

Chng trnh x l thng tin: lu tr, xut, nhp, in d liu v kt qu tnh ton c t qu trnh m phng. H tr vic kt ni gia cc chng trnh m phng khc nhau, kt ni vi cc module xy dng cc thit b c bit do ngi s dng to ra bng cc ngn ng lp trnh nh Visual Basic, Visual C++, 1.2. Gii thiu HYSYS HYSYS l sn phm ca cng ty AspenTech Canada. HYSYS l phn mm chuyn dng tnh ton m phng cng ngh ch bin du kh v cng ngh h o hc. HYSYS l phn mm c kh nng tnh ton a dng, cho kt qu c chnh xc cao, ng thi cung cp nhiu thut ton s dng, tr gip trong qu trnh tnh ton cng ngh, kho st cc thng s trong qu trnh thit k nh my ch bin du kh v tng hp ho du. Ngoi th vin c sn, H YSYS cho php ngi s dng to cc th vin ring hoc cho php lin kt vi cc chng trnh tnh ton hoc cc phn mm khc nh Microsoft Visual Basic, Microsoft Excel,Visio, C ++, Java Kh nng ni bt ca HYSYS l t ng tnh ton cc thng s cn li nu thit lp thng tin do s trnh c sai st v c th thay i cc iu kin cung nh s dng cc d liu u vo khc nhau. HYSYS c thit k s dng cho hai trng thi m phng l m phng ng v m phng tnh. M phng tnh (Steady Mode) c s dng nghin cu thit k cng ngh cho mt qu trnh, ti u ho cc iu kin cng ngh. Vi mi mt b s liu ban u, mi iu kin cng ngh xc nh th khi qu trnh tnh ton hi t, kt qu thu c tng ng vi cc iu kin m khng thay i theo thi gian. Khi thay i cc iu kin ban u hay cc ch cng ngh khc nhau th s thu c cc kt qu khc nhau tng ng. T c th xc nh c cc yu t nh hng ln qu trnh v mc nh hng ca tng yu t. Bng vic so snh cc kt qu s la chn v thit lp c iu kin ti u cho mt qu trnh no . M phng tnh c s dng nghin cu thit k mt qu trnh cng ngh mi hoc tnh ton ci tin, pht trin m rng quy m mt qu trnh cng ngh sn c, a ra cc phng n khc nhau so snh nh gi nhm tm ra gii php ti u. M phng ng (Dynamic Mode) dng m phng thit b hay qu trnh trng thi ang vn hnh lin tc c cc thng s thay i theo thi gian, kho st s thay i cc p ng ca h thng theo s thay i ca mt vi thng s cng ngh. Trng thi m phng ng cho thy s nh hng ca cc thng s cng ngh theo thi gian v c th thit lp cung nh khc phc cc s c c th xy ra khi vn hnh 5

cng ngh trn thc t, tm ra cc nguyn nhn v bin php gii quyt cc s c . iu ny c ngha c bit quan trng trong o to cc k s vn hnh, hiu bit tng tn v cng ngh, thnh tho v c kinh nghim trc khi tham gia vn hnh nh my thc t, trong iu kin hin nay cc nh my h o cht v du kh vi k thut hin i, vn hnh ch t ng ho rt cao. S dng HYSYS gip gim chi ph cho qu trnh cngngh do c th ti u cc thit b trong dy chuyn m vn m bo c yu cu v cht lng sn phm. HYSYS cho php tnh ton vn tn dng nhit, ti u c vn nng lng trong qu trnh sn xut, tun hon nguyn liu nhm tng hiu sut ca qu trnh. HYSYS c mt th vin m cc thit b, cc cu t v cung cp phng tin lin kt vi cc c s d liu khc nn cho php m rng phm vi chng trnh v rt gn vi thc t cng ngh. HYSYS c mt s lng ln cc cng c m phng, h tr hiu qu trong nghin cu m phng, vi giao din thn thin v d s dng, c bit vi nhng ngi bt u lm quen vi chng trnh m phng. Trnh t thc hin m phng theo cc bc sau y: 1. Xy dng c s m phng: Nhp cc cu t trong thnh phn nguyn liu La chn h nhit ng ph hp Khi to cc phn ng 2. Xy dng lu trnh PFD Khai bo cc tnh cht v thnh phn ca dng nguyn liu Xy dng s cng ngh vi cc thit b cn thit Cung cp y cc tham s cn thit cho thit b 3. Chy chng trnh m phng c kt qu Nghin cu nh hng ca cc thng s cng ngh.

Trong phm vi quyn sch ny s nghin cu tm hiu cc thit b m phng trong HYSYS, s dng cc cng c ca HYSYS m phng mt s qu trnh cng ngh ho hc n gin, nghin cu nh hng ca cc thng s cng ngh n cht lng sn phm. Chng cui cng s a ra cc bi tp vn dng cc kin thc c cung cp trong 12 chng trc m phng mt s qu trnh cng ngh ho hc t n gin n phc tp. V vy i hi ngi hc phi hc nghim tc v 6

thc hnh thnh tho ton b t chng 2 n chng 13 th mi c th lm c cc bi tp ca chng 14 ny, v s thy ht sc th v v hiu qu.

Chng 2

BT U VI HYSYS
Ni dung Bt u lm vic vi HYSYS, cch la chn cc cu t trong hn hp nguyn liu, v phng php la chn h nhit ng ph hp cho mc ch m phng . Bit cch bt u lm vic vi HYSYS v lm quen vi cc giao din l rt quan trng. Cch vo v quay tr li mi trng m phng, lm quen vi s m phng. Lm quen vi mt vi tnh nng quan trng ca HYSYS. Cch nhp dng vt cht cho m phng . Vic xc nh bin l mt trong nhng bc rt quan trng cn phi c hiu k khi thao tc trong HYSYS.

Mc tiu Sau khi kt thc chng ny ngi s dng c th: Khi ng HYSYS La chn cc cu t trong thnh phn hn hp Xc nh v l a chn h nhit ng ph hp Vo v quay tr li mi trng m phng Nhp v khai bo cc tham s cho cc dng vt cht

2.1. Bt u vi HYSYS Khi ng HYSYS bng cch bm vo biu tng ca HYSYS , trn mn hnh my tnh s xut hin giao din nh trong hnh 2.1.

Hnh 2.1. Giao din m u xut hin khi khi ng HYSYS

Trc khi thc hin m phng, HYSYS cn phi bin i giao din ban u ny. Ti giao din ban u ny s thc hin la chn cc cu t cn thit v h nhit ng ph hp cho m phng. 2.2. Qun l c s m phng Aspen HYSYS s dng khi nim h nhit ng (Fluid Package) bao gm tt c cc thng tin cn thit tnh ton cc tnh cht vt l v cn bng pha ca hn hp nhiu cu t. Cch tip cn ny cho php xc nh tt c cc thng tin ( cc tnh cht nhit ng, cc cu t, cc cu t gi nh, cc h s tng tc bc hai, cc phn ng ho hc, cc s liu dng bng,) bn trong mt gi. C bn u im chnh ca cch tip cn ny: Tt c thng tin kt ni c xc nh ti mt ni cho php to ra hay sa i cc thng tin mt cch d dng. H nhit ng c th c lu li sau khi xc nh v c th s dng cho cc m phng khc khi cn n. 9

Danh sch cc cu t trong hn hp c lu tr ring bn ngoi h nhit ng nn c th s dng c cho cc bi ton m phng khc khi cn n. C th s dng nhiu h nhit ng trong cng mt chng trnh m phng. Tuy nhin cc h nhit ng ny c ng c xc nh trong Basic Manager.

Simulation Basic Manager l giao din thuc tnh cho php thit lp v iu khin nhiu h nhit ng hoc danh sch cc cu t trong hn hp s dng trong m phng. 2.3. Bt u m phng S dng mt trong ba cch sau bt u mt bi m phng mi: chn File/new/case, hoc s dng phm tt ctrl+N, hoc bm vo biu tng new case Khi giao din Simulation Basic Manager s xut hin (hnh 2.2). Trong giao din ny c cc tab. Thng s dng cc tab sau: Components tab s dng khi nhp cc cu t, Fluid Pkgs tab s dng khi chn H Nhit ng ( Fluid Package ), Reactions tab s dng khi thit lp cc phn ng h o hc. Menu chnh Thanh cng c

C 10 c tab

Hnh 2.2. Giao din Simulation Basic Manager

2.4. Nhp cc cu t Bc u tin khi to c s m phng l nhp cc cu t (n cht v hp cht) s c mt trong chng trnh m phng. Trnh t tin hnh nh sau: 1. nhp cc cu t cho m phng bm vo phm Add trong giao din Simulation Basic Manager . 2. Sau khi bm phm Add s xut hin danh sch tt c cc cu t c trong th vin ca HYSYS (hnh 2.3).

11

Hnh 2.3. Giao din Component List

3. Chn cc cu t cn thit cho chng trnh m phng t danh sch. C th tm cc cu t trong danh sch bng mt trong ba cch sau y: chn Sim Name, hoc chn Full Name, hoc chn Formula. Nhp tn hoc cng thc cn tm vo Match pha trn. V d khi chn Sim Name v nhp tn water vo Match, s nhn thy dng tng ng vi water c nh du. Nu khng tm thy, c th th s dng tn khc hoc th tm bng cc Full Name hoc Formula. 4. Khi chn c cng thc thch hp, nhp p vo cht va chn hoc bm vo phm Add Pure nhp cht vo danh sch cc cu t chn Selected Components . 5. pha di giao din ny c Name, c th t tn cho danh sch cc cu t va chn. 6. Khi hon thnh cc bc trn, ng ca s ny li, s tr li giao din Simulation Basic Manager. Sau khi nhp cc cu t cn thit vo danh sch, lu vo mt th mc xc nh trc khi tip tc qu trnh m phng. Chn File/Save as v chn th mc thch hp, khng lu vo th mc mc nh xut hin. 2.5. La chn H nhit ng (F luids Package) Sau khi nhp cc cu t cho m phng, tip theo l la chn H Nhit ng (Fluid Package) cho m phng. Fluid Package c s dng tnh ton dng v cc tnh cht nhit ng ca cc cu t v hn hp trong qu trnh m phng (v d nh enthalpy, entropy, t trng, cn bng lng - hi, ). V th vic la chn h nhit ng ph hp c ngha rt quan trng , l c s tnh ton m phng cho kt qu ng. 1. T Simulation Basic Manager (hnh 2.2), chn Fluid Pkgs tab. 2. Bm vo phm Add chn mt fluid pkgs mi, nh trong hnh 2.4. 12

Hnh 2.4. Giao din Fluid Package

3. T danh sch Fluid Package chn h nhit ng ph hp. Danh sch cc Fluid Package c th c rt gn bng cch c chn lc nh cc b lc pha bn phi danh sch (v d nh EOS, activity model, ...). 4. Khi chn c h nhit ng ph hp , nhp n chut vo (khng cn nhp p). V d trong hnh 2.4, la chn phng trnh trng thi Peng-Robinson . 5. C th t tn cho fluid package vo ca s nh Name pha di giao din. V d trong hnh 2. 4 tn ca fluid package l Basis-1. 6. Sau khi kt thc bm vo du X mu gc trn bn phi ng giao din ny li. 2.6. La chn m hnh nhit ng La chn m hnh nhit ng ph hp rt quan tr ng, quyt nh n kt qu tnh ton ca ton b qu trnh. y l mt th tc u tin bt u m phng . Nm 1999, hai tc gi Elliott v Lira xut s hnh cy nh m t trn hnh 2.5 di y.

Phn loi cc cu t c trong h: kh, cht khng phn cc, ngng t, solvat ha, in ly Kh hoc cht khng phn cc? S ng 13

Th chn PR, SRK, API

Hnh 2.5. S la chn m hnh nhit ng

Cc h nhit ng c trong HYSYS cho php d on c tnh cht ca cc hn hp t h cc hydrocacbon nhe ti hn hp ca cc loi du phc tp, v h cc hp cht khng in ly. HYSYS cung cp cc phng trnh trng thi ( PR hay PRSV) cho cc qu trnh x l phc tp hn hp hydrocacbon, cc m hnh bn thc nghim v p sut hi ca cc h hydrocacbon nng, cc hiu chnh hi nc cho cc d on chnh xc v tnh cht ca hi nc, v cc m hnh h s hot ca cc h ha hc. Tt c cc phng trnh u c gii hn phm vi ng dng, v vy cn xem xt phm vi ng dng ph hp ca mi phng trnh vi cc h gn ging nhau . 14

Bng 2.1 a ra danh sch mt vi h tiu biu v nhng phng php tnh ton ph hp c th p dng. Bng 2. 1. Danh sch mt s h tiu biu v H nhit ng ph hp H tiu biu dng Sy kh bng TEG PR Nc chua PR, Sour PR X l kh nhit thp PR, PRSV Tch khng kh PR, PRSV Thp chng ct du th PR, PR Options, GS p sut kh quyn Thp chng ct chn PR, PR Options, GS (<10 mmHg), khng Braun K10, Esso K Thp Ethylene Lee Kesler Plocker H H2 p sut cao PR, ZJ hoc GS Cc thng cha St eam Package, CS hoc GS c ch to hydrat PR Cc h ho hc Activity Models, PRSV Alkyl ho xc tc HF PRSV, NRTL Sy bng TEG c mt PR cc hp cht thm Cc h hydrocacbon Kabadi Danner trong tan ca nc trong cc hydrocacbon l quan trng Cc h c mt vi kh v MBWR cc hydrocacbon nhe
PR = Peng-Robinson; PRSV = Peng-Robinson Stryjek-Vera; GS = GraysonStreed; ZJ = Zudkevitch Joffee; CS = Chao-Seader; NRTL = Non-Random-Two-Liquid MBWR = Modified Benedict Webb Rubin.

H nhit ng ph hp c ngh s

Trong cc ng dng vi du, kh v ho du phng trnh trng thi PengRobinson ni chung c ng dng ph bin cho cc h nhit ng. bit chi tit

15

hn c th c thm trong ti liu hng dn s dng H YSYS (Aspen HYSYS Simulation Basic Manual). 2.7. Vo mi t rng m phng Sau khi hon thnh cc bc chun b cn thit bt u chng trnh m phng trong giao din Simulation Basis Manager nh trong mc 2.3, 2.4 v 2.5, bm vo phm Enter Simulation Environment bn phi pha di giao din ho c bm vo biu tng trn hnh 2.6. trn thanh cng c vo mi trng m phng nh m t

Hnh 2.6. Enter Simulation Environment

1. Thao tc trong lu trnh m phng Khi vo mi trng m phng , s thy giao din nh hnh 2.7 di y. Trc khi bt u qu trnh xy dng lu trnh m phng cn ch vi c im ca ca s m phng : HYSYS khc vi phn ln cc gi m phng khc, s thc hin tnh ton lu trnh (flowsheet ) sau mi bc nhp hay thay i thng s ca lu trnh (flowsheet). c im ny c th dng khi bm vo biu tng Solver Holding (phm en ) trn thanh cng c pha trn mn hnh . Khi 16

HYSYS s khng tnh ton v s khng a ra kt qu. tip tc tnh ton, phi bm vo biu tng Solver Active (phm en xanh trnh m phng bt u hot ng tr li. ), chng

Khng ging vi cc qu trnh m phng khc , HYSYS c kh nng tnh ton xui dng v ngc dng. V vy cn c bit ch khai bo cc tham s cho lu trnh ( flowsheet) phi m bo rng cc thng tin c cung cp cho HYSYS khng mu thun vi nhau. Nu khng s b li v HYSYS s khng th tnh ton c .

Hnh 2.7. Giao din Simulation Environment

2. Tr li giao din c s m phng Khi phi thay i c s m phng, cn phi quay li giao din Simulation Basis Manager. Thao tc n gin bm vo biu tng trn mn hnh. 3. Nh tay ng lu trnh PFD i khi nh tay bm nhm vo biu tng X mu gc trn bn phi giao din. tr li lu trnh ch cn bm vo Tools trn thanh menu chnh, chn PDFs 17 trn thanh cng c pha

trong danh sch th xung, chn Case, sau bm vo phm View, hoc bm vo phm PFD trn thanh cng c.

4. Bng cc cng c m phng Trong hnh 2.8 c th nhn thy bng c cha cc cng c phc v cho vic xy dng lu trnh m phng PFD, gi l Object Palette, nm dc pha bn phi mn hnh. Nu v l do no khng nhn thy Object Palette, th c th a ra mn hnh bng cch bm vo Flowsheet trn thanh menu chnh, trong danh sch th xung chn Palette, hoc c th bm phm nng F4. T cc cng c trong bng ny c th nhp dng hoc cc cng c m phng khc cho lu trnh PFD.

Hnh 2.8. Giao din PFD vi Object Palette

2.8. Khi to dng vt cht Cc dng vt cht trong PFD c m phng bng Material Stream. Mt dng vt cht c khi to trong lu trnh bng mt trong ba cch sau: Bm vo biu tng mui tn mu xanh trong Object Palette. Chn Flowsheet trn menu chnh v chn Add Stream trong danh sch. Bm vo phm nng F11

18

Khi s dng mt trong cc phng php trn, c th khi to dng vt cht (mui tn mu xanh) vo lu trnh m phng nh m t trn hnh 2. 9. HYSYS mc nh tn ca dng theo s th t tng dn (v d, dng u tin s t ng c t tn l 1). Tn ca dng c th thay i bt c khi no cn. 1. Khai bo cc tham s ca dng khai bo cc tham s cho dng vt cht , nhp p chut vo dng (mui tn mu xanh nht) hin ra ca s nh hnh 2.10. Trong ca s ny ngi s dng s khai bo cc tham s cho dng . Nu l dng nguyn liu th cn c bn tham s . Trong mi trng HYSYS dng nguyn liu lun c bn bc t do. Ngha l phi cung cp y bn thng tin yu cu HYSYS c th thc hin tnh ton. Bn tham s cn khai bo cho dng nguyn liu l: composition, flowrate v hai trong s cc tham s sau temperature, pressure hay vapor/phase fraction.

Hnh 2.9. Khi to dng vt cht trong PFD

19

Trong hnh 2.10 c mt dng cnh bo l i mu vng pha bn di ca s, cho bit thng tin cn phi thc hin. V d theo dng cnh bo trn hnh 2. 10, vic u tin cn lm ngay l cung cp thnh phn cc cu t ca dng nguyn liu. Chn Composition trong danh sch hin th trong ca s ca hnh 2.11, ti y s khai bo thnh phn cc cu t trong dng nguyn liu. Lu rng ch c Composition chn trong Simulation Basic Manager th mi hin th trong danh sch ny. C th xc nh composition theo nhiu cch khc nhau bm vo phm Basis . HYSYS mc nh l mole fractions, tuy nhin ngi dng c th thay i bng mass fractions, liquid volume fractions , hoc flow cho tng cu t. Nu s dng fractions, tng tt c cc fractions c nhp vo dng phi bng 1. Nhp thnh phn ca dng 1 nh trong hnh 2.11 ch r phn mol ca H 2 O bng 1, ngha l dng 1 ch c nc.

20

Hnh 2.11. Ca s nhp Composition

Tip theo, xut hin t in nhn cnh bo th hai (trong bng mu vng pha di ca s) cho thy rng cn nhp nhit cho dng. khai bo nhit cho dng bm vo Conditions trong ca s ca hnh 2.12. Ti ca s ny ngi s dng s nhp gi tr nhit ca dng. Khi nhp gi tr cc tham s ca dng khng cn thit phi i sang n v mc nh. Khi nhp gi tr vo mt s xut hin hp danh sch th xung c tt c cc n v tng ng ngay bn cnh , ngi dng c th la chn n v ph hp, sau HYSYS s t ng chuyn i n v. V d nhp s 25 vo ng vi nhit 25 oC (bng 77oF) nh trn hnh 2.12.

Hnh 2.12. Nhp gi tr nhit dng trong ca s Conditions

Tip theo, dng cnh bo (trn bng mu vng pha di ca s) ch ra rng cn phi nhp gi tr p sut ca dng. Cung trong ca s ny, nhp gi tr p sut cho dng 1 l 1 bar nh trong hnh 2.13. 21

Tip theo, tham s cui cng cn khai bo l lu lng dng. C hai chn la khc nhau hoc l lu lng dng mol (mole flowrate) hoc lu lng dng khi lng ( mass flowrate ) trong cng mt ca s. Trong trng hp ny chn mole flowrate bng 100 kmol/h, nh trong hnh 2.14. Sau khi hon thnh vic khai bo y tt c cc thng tin, HYSYS s t ng tnh ton cc tnh cht cn li ca dng v t cc thng tin cung cp bt u xy dng lu trnh m phng ( Flowsheet ). Khi dng nguyn liu c cung cp y thng tin th s xut hin mt thng bo mu xanh pha di ca s bo hiu l mi th hon tt OK (nh trn hnh 2.14). Nu khng th trong ca s s xut hin mt cnh bo mu vng, thng tin cung cp b li.

Hnh 2.13. Nhp gi tr p sut dng trong ca s Conditions

22

Hnh 2.14. Nhp gi tr lu lng dng trong ca s Conditions

Phn mol hi (vapor/phase fraction) ca dng bng bao nhiu ? Nhng gi tr mu xanh l do ngi s dng nhp vo v v th c th thay i c, cn nhng gi tr mu en l do HYSYS tnh ton nn khng th thay i c. Nh trong hnh 2. 14 cc gi tr nhit , p sut, lu lng dng l do ngi s dng nhp vo nn c th thay i c , cn cc gi tr cn li l do HYSYS tnh ton. Nhn vo mu sc ca cc dng vt cht cung c th bit c dng y thng tin hay cha Mu xanh m = Dng c cung cp y thng tin Mu xanh nht = Thng tin cha y . V th nu mui tn c mu xanh m c ngha l tt c cc tnh cht c tnh ton. Bt c khi no vic xc nh v tnh ton cc tnh cht ca dng c th xem v thay i b ng cch n gin l nhp p vo dng . 2. Lu vo th mc xc nh 2.9. Tm tt v n tp chng 2

23

Trong phn u tin ca chng gii thiu cch bt u HYSYS nh th no, lm quen c vi mi trng m phng v trnh by cch nhp thnh phn cc cu t trong m phng nh th no. Vic chn la chnh xc fluid/themodynamic package l rt quan trng v vy trong chng ny cung a ra mt s hnh cy gi gip ngi s dng chn ng c h nhit ng ph hp . Phn tip theo ca chng ny c h cch lm th no vo v tr li mi trng m phng , lm quen vi simulation flowsheet, hn na trong phn ny ngi s dng c th rt ra c mt s im quan trng ca HYSYS. Trong phn cui ca chng ny cp n cc cch nhp v khai bo dng nguyn liu trong m phng. Cch khai bo cc tham s l mt bc rt quan trng trong m phng , cn hiu v thc hin ng trong t ng trng hp c th. Khi ngi s dng mun khai bo dng nguyn liu cn xc nh t nht bn tham s th HYSYS c th tnh ton c cc tnh cht cn li . 2.10. Bi tp 1. Thit lp mt dng vt liu ch c H2 O vi cc iu kin sau: Fluid Package: Peng-Robinson Flowrate Pressure : 100 kgmole/h : 1 atm

Vapor/phase fraction : 1.0 Nhit ca dng bng b ao nhiu? 2. Lm li bi ton trn, thay p sut bng nhit l: 150C p sut ca dng bng bao nhiu? 3. Vi cng bi ton 2 nhng gim nhit xung 70C p sut ca dng by gi bng bao nhiu? 4. To mt dng mi ch c H 2 O vi cc iu kin sau:

Fluid Package : Peng-Robinson Flowrate Pressure : 100 kgmole/h : 2 atm

Vapor/phase fraction: 1.0 Nhit ca dng ny bng bao nhiu? 24

5. Vi cng iu kin trn nhng tng p sut ln 5 atm Nhit ca dng lc ny bng bao nhiu? 6. Vi cng iu kin nh bi 4 , tng p sut ln 0,5 atm Nhit ca dng mi bng bao nhiu? 7. C th rt ra c kt lun g t cc bi ton trn (bi 2.1 bi 2.6).

25

Chng 3

PHNG TRNH TRNG THI


Ni dung Khi tnh ton cc phng trnh cc trng thi cho php xc nh c th tch ca hn hp kh ti iu kin nhit v p sut xc nh. Nu khng s dng cc phng trnh trng thi th hu nh khng th thit k c cc nh my h o cht . Bi v t vic xc nh th tch ny c th tnh ton c kch thc v hn na l gi thnh ca cc nh my . HYSYS c cc phng trnh trng thi nh Peng -Robinson (PR) v SoaveRedlich-Kwong (SRK). Trong , phng trnh Peng-Robinson c s dng trong khong bin i rng nht ca cc thng s cng ngh v vi cc h a dng nht . T cc phng trnh Peng -Robinson (PR) v Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) trc tip tnh ton ra tt c cc tnh cht cn bng v cc tnh cht nhit ng ca h. Cc phng trnh PR v SRK c cha cc h s tng tc bc hai cho tt c cc cp hydrocacbon-hydrocacbon (tp hp cc tham s tng tc to lin kt v khng to lin kt) v hu ht cc cp bc hai hydrocacbon phi hydrocacbon. Trong chng ny s hng dn ngi s dng khai bo th tch ca hn hp kh ti iu kin nhit v p sut xc nh. ng thi s ch dn cch phn tch tnh cht ca cc cu t khi s dng Case Study Utility. Mc tiu Sau khi hc xong ngi s dng c th : Xc nh c th tch ca cc cu t ring bit hay hn hp cu t. So snh kt qu vi cc phng trnh trng thi khc nhau. Xem li kt qu bng Workbook. Phn tch cc tnh cht bng case studies.

Yu cu Trc khi hc chng ny ngi s dng cn phi bit : Cch vo HYSYS. Chn cu t. Xc nh v chn fluid package . 26

Nhp v xc nh dng nguyn liu ( material stream ).

27

3.1. Phng trnh trng thi Cc biu thc ton hc Phng trnh trng thi th hin mi tng quan gia p sut nhit v th tch c th hin qua phng trnh cn bng : pV = nRT hoc pv = RT trong

V n

Trong p l p sut tuyt i, V l th tch, n l s mol, R l hng s kh l tng, T l nhit tuyt i. n v ca R c la chn sao cho ph hp vi cc n v ca cc bin khc. Phng trnh ny ph hp khi p sut thp (v d 1 atm). Tuy nhin nhiu qu trnh ho hc li thc hin ti mt p sut rt cao . Trong iu kin th phng trnh ny khng ph hp tnh ton. V th c nhiu phng trnh tr ng thi khc c pht trin nhm m t c cc qu trnh ho hc thc hin p sut cao. S m rng u tin nh lut kh l tng l phng trnh trng thi van der Waals: RT a p b S m rng ny l bc ngot u tin, tuy nhin phng trnh ny cha th p ng c trong iu kin p sut rt cao. Phng trnh trng thi RedlichKwong (RK) l s bin i phng trnh trng thi van der Waals v sau tip tc c bin i bi Soave c mang tn l phng trnh trng thi Soave Redlich- Kwong (SRK), c s dng r ng ri trong cc qu trnh m phng. Mt dng khc ca phng trnh trng thi RK l phng trnh trng thi Peng -Robinson (PR) cung c s dng rt ph bin. Bng 3.1 di y a ra so snh cc cng thc s dng trong HYSYS ca cc phng trnh trng thi PR v SRK. 3.2. Thc hin m phng Bi ton : Tm th tch ca n-butan ti 500 K v 18 atm, s dng cc phng trnh trng thi Soave -Redlich-Kwong (SRK) v Peng-Robinson (PR). Trnh t thc hin nh sau: 1. Khi ng HYSYS 2. M new case s dng mt trong ba cch sau: chn t than h menu chnh File New Case, hoc s dng phm tt Crtl-N, hoc bm vo biu tng New trn thanh cng c. 28

Bng 3.1. So snh phng trnh trng thi SRK v PR Soave-RedlichKwong


P RT a b ( b)

Peng - Robinson
P RT a b ( b) b( b)

Z 3 Z 2 ( A B B 2 ) Z AB 0

Z 3 (1 B) Z 2 ( A 2 B 3B 2 ) Z ( AB B 2 B 3

Tro ng b = b
i=

xi bi
i 1

xi bi
i 1

0.08664
N N

RTci Pci
N N

0.077796

RTci Pci

a = a
i=

xi x j (ai a j ) 0.5 (1 kij )


i 1 j 1

xi x j (ai a j ) 0.5 (1 kij )


i 1 j 1

acii
( RTci ) 2 0.42748 Pci
0.5 1 mi (1 Tri )

acii
( RTci ) 2 Pci

a
ci =

0.457235

0.5 1 mi (1 Tri )

m
i=

0.48 1.574i 0.176i2


aP ( RT )
2

0.37646 1.54226i 0.26992i2


aP ( RT ) 2
bP RT

A = B =

bP RT

3. Thit lp c s m phng Trong giao din Simulation Basis Manager (xem trong chng 2 trnh by chi tit) in cc thng tin cho trong bng sau. 29

Tab Property Package Components

Chn Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) n-butane

Khi hon thnh, bm vo phm Enter Simulation Environment, by gi sn sng bt u m phng. 4. To lp dng vt cht C mt s cch khc nhau to mt Stream: bm phm nng F11, hoc bm vo biu tng Stream trn Object Palette, hoc chn Flowsheet trn menu chnh v chn Add Stream trong danh sch. Khai bo cc tham s ca dng Nhp vo Stream vi cc gi tr sau : Trong ny Name Temperature Pressure Compositions Molar Flow Nhp gi tr 1 500 K 18 atm n-butane 100% 100 kgmole/h

Lu v t tn EOS SRK . Khi hon thnh dng s c giao din nh hnh 3.1.

30
Hnh 3.1. Hon thnh thit lp dng vt cht

5. c kt qu tnh ton trong Workbook Bm vo Tools trn thanh menu chnh, chn Workbook hoc bm phm nng Crtl+W nh biu din trn hnh 3.2.

Hnh 3.2. Thao tc m Workbook xem kt qu tnh ton

Sau bm vo View v Workbook xut hin nh trn hnh 3.3.

31

Hnh 3.3. Ca s Workbook

Trong HYSYS th tch c khai bo l Molar Volume nhng trong Workbook trn hnh 3. 3 khng th hin Molar Volume, v vy cn phi nhp thm bin vo Workbook. nhp Molar Volume hay mt bin no khc: m Workbook, trn thanh menu chnh ca giao din Workbook chn Workbook, trong danh sch chn Setup, s xut hin ca s nh trn hnh 3.4.

Hnh 3.4. Ca s Setup nhp thm bin vo Workbook

Trong Variables Tab bm vo phm Add pha bn phi. Ca s chn bin s c hin th nh hnh 3.5.

32

Trong Variable tab cun dc theo danh sch cho n khi tm thy bin cn thm vo Molar Volume, bm phm OK hon tt vic b sung bin vo Workbook . ng ca s bng biu tng X mu gc trn bn phi ca s Select Variables for Main . Gi tr ca bin Molar Volume s hin th trong Workbook nh trong hnh 3.6. Molar Volume ca n -butane bng bao nhiu?___________________

Hnh 3.6. Workbook hin th gi tr bin Molar Volume

6. S dng Case Studies phn tch cc tnh cht ca n-butan Sau khi hon thnh bi m phng, s dng phn tch th tc h mol ca n-butan khi nhit thay i.

33

Trn thanh menu chnh, chn Tool, trong danh sch th xung chn Databook hoc bm phm nng Ctrl+D nh hnh 3.7.

Hnh 3.7. Cch m Databook

Sau , bm phm Insert, s hin th giao din Variable Navigator nh hnh 3.8. Trong ct Object chn dng 1, trong ct Variable chn Molar Volume. Sau bm vo phm OK (nh biu din trn hnh 3.9).

Hnh 3.8. Giao din Variable Navigator

34

Hnh 3.9. Nhp bin Molar Volume

Thc hin tng t nh bc 3 nhp bin Temperature. Khi giao din Databook s xut hin nh hnh 3.10.

Chuyn sang Case Studies tab. in cc thng tin vo giao din nh trong Hnhy. 3.10. Giao din DataBook sau khi nhp Variables hnh 3. 11 di

35
Hnh 3.11. in thng tin vo Case Studies tab

Bm vo phm View v in thng tin vo bng trong giao din nh hnh 3.12 di y.

Hnh 3.12. in thng tin vo bng

Bm vo phm Start phn tch kt qu. Khi qu trnh phn tch hon thnh, bm vo phm Result xem kt qu hin th nh trn hnh 3.13. C th rt ra c kt lun g t th trn hnh 3.13 ?___________ Lu Case vi tn l EOS SRK vo th mc xc nh.

36
Hnh 3.13. Kt qu phn tch

7. Thay i Fluid Packag e Bm phm Enter Basis Environment trn thanh cng c tr v giao din Simulation Basis Manager ban u. Vo Prop Pkg tab, trong danh sch bn tri ca s, cun dc theo danh sch v chn Peng Robinson EOS . Bm vo mui tn mu xanh trn thanh cng c tr v PFD. Cc iu kin ca bi ton gi nguyn, lu Case vi tn mi EOS PR. Xem kt qu tnh ton trong Workbook v Case Study. 3.3. Tm tt v n tp chng 3 Trong Chng ny gii quyt c vn rt n gin l tm th tch ring ca mt n c ht bng Aspen HYSYS . Khi s dng HYSYS cc tham s c lu tr trong database (c s d liu) v vic tnh ton c lp trnh trc . V vy iu quan trng l bit cch s dng ng cc giao din, cc biu . Trong chng ny ngi dng bit cch s dng Workbook xem kt qu, Workbook l cch tt nht hin th cc thng tin di dng bng. Workbook c thit k nhm mc ch v m rng ra cho vic nhp thng tin khi thc hin bi ton m phng. Thm vo , Workbook hin th thng tin ca cc dng v cc thit b m phng trong HYSYS (streams, pipes controllers, separators, ). C th s dng Case Study phn tch tnh cht ca qu trnh. Case Study cn c s dng kim tra nh gi khi thay i gi tr ca cc bin quan trng trong chng trnh m phng tnh. Sau khi Case Study hon thnh tnh ton, kt qu c biu din dng th C th so snh c kt qu tnh ton t hai h nhit ng khc nhau l Peng-Robinson (PR) v Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK). 3.4. Bi tp 1. Tm Molar Volume ca kh amoniac 56 atm v 450 K s dng phng trnh trng thi Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK). 2. Tm Molar Volume ca kh metanol ti p sut 100 atm v 300C s dng phng trnh trng thi Peng-Robinson (PR). So snh Molar Volume ca kh metanol khi s dng phng trnh trng thi Soave -Redlich-Kwong (SRK). 37

3. Cho mt hn hp kh i vo thit b chuyn h o kh bng hi nc (WGS) sn xut hydro : 630 kmol/h CO, 1130 kmol/h H 2 O, 189 kmol/h CO2 , 63 kmol/h H2. p sut hn hp kh l 1 atm v nhit l 500K. S dng phng trnh trng thi Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) tnh th tch ring ca hn hp kh. 4. Cho mt hn hp kh gm 25% amon iac v phn cn li l nitro v hydro vi t l l 1:3, ti 270 atm v 550 K. S dng phng trnh trng thi Peng-Robinson (PR) tnh th tch ring ca hn hp kh. 5. Cho hn hp kh ra khi thit b phn ng tng hp metanol c thnh phn nh sau: 100 kmol/h CO; 200 kmol/h H2 ; 100 kmol/h metanol. Hn hp kh p sut 100 atm v nhit 300C. Tnh ton th tch ring ca hn hp s dng phng trnh trng thi Soave -Redlich-Kwong (SRK) v so snh vi kt qu tnh ton khi s dng phng trnh trng thi Peng -Robinson (PR).

38

Chng 4

BM
Ni dung Trong chng ny gii quyt vn tm nhit dng ra ca bm khi bit cng sut ca bm. Lm quen vi cng c m phng bm trong HYSYS thc hin cc qu trnh trong c s dng bm. Hc cch kt ni cc dng vo bm. Tnh nhit dng ra khi bit cng sut ca bm hoc ngc li. Bm c s dng tng p sut c a dng lng vo. Ty thuc vo cc tham s c khai bo ban u, s tnh ton nhit , hoc p sut cha bit hoc cng sut ca bm. Mc tiu Sau khi hc xong chng ny ngi s dng c th: Thit lp c bm trong HYSYS m phng cc qu trnh b m. Kt ni cc dng vi thit b. Xc nh cng sut ca bm v nhit dng ra. Yu cu Trc khi hc chng ny ngi s dng cn phi bit: Bt u m phng trong HYSYS . La chn cc cu t. Xc nh v la chn h nhit ng ph hp cho fluid package. Nhp v khai bo dng vt liu material stream.

39

4.1. Bi ton Bm c dng vn chuyn cht lng. Bm lm tng p sut ca cht lng. Nc vo bm c nhit 120C v p sut 3 bar c a vo bm hot ng vi cng sut 10% nh mc. Lu l ng ca dng nc l 100 kmol/h v p sut dng ra khi bm l 84 bar. S dng phng trnh trng thi Peng-Robinson (PR) cho fluid package, hy xc nh nhit ca dng nc ra khi bm. 4.2. Tin hnh m phng b m 1. Khi ng chng trnh Hysys 2. M mt New Case 3. Xy dng c s m phng Trong giao din Simulation Basis Manager (xem trong chng 2 trnh by chi tit) Tab Property Package Components Chn Peng-Robinson (PR) H2 O

Khi hon thnh, bm vo phm Enter Simulation Environment , by gi sn sng bt u m phng. 4. Thit lp dng vt cht C mt s cch khc nhau to mt Stream: bm phm nng F11, hoc bm vo biu tng Stream trn Object Palette , hoc chn Flowsheet trn menu chnh v chn Add Stream trong danh sch. Nhp dng nguyn liu (Stream) vi cc gi tr sau: Trong ny Name Temperature Pressure Compositions Molar Flow 40 Nhp gi tr Feed 120o C 3 bar H2O 100% 100 kgmole/h

Nhp tip dng th hai ( Stream) vi cc tham s sau:

Trong ny Name Pressure 5. Thit lp thit b

Nhp gi tr Outlet 84 bar

C cc cch khc nhau to lp thit b trong HYSYS: S dng menu chnh, chn Flowsheet , trong danh sch th xung chn Add Operation hoc bm phm F12. Giao din cc thit b m phng UnitOps s xut hin. La chn thit b cn thit. M Workbook, vo UnitOps page, bm phm Add UnitOp. Giao din cc thit b m phng UnitOps s xut hin. La chn thit b cn thit. S dng Object Palette : t Flowsheet menu, chn Open, hoc bm phm F4. Nhp p vo biu tng thit b cn s dng. S dng phm phi chut bm vo biu tng thit b cn s dng t Object Palette v a vo PFD. S dng mt trong cc cch trn thit lp bm trong PFD. Khi giao din PFD s xut hin nh hnh 4.1.

41

Hnh 4.1. Khi to cc dng v bm trong PFD

6. Ni bm vi cc dng Nhp p vo biu tng bm Pump P-100 m giao din thuc tnh ca bm ( Pump Window Property) nh hnh 4.2.
C c page

C c tab Hnh 4.2. Ca s thuc tnh ca bm

Trong Design tab, vo Connection page, trong Inlet chn Feed t danh sch v trong Outlet chn Outlet t danh sch nh hnh 4.3.

42

Nh trn hnh 4.3, pha bn di ca s xut hin thng bo li (trong bng mu ) cho bit rng cn nhp nng lng cho bm. nhp nng lng cho bm, vo Energy v thm ch Work nh trong giao din hnh 4.4.

Hnh 4.4. Khi to dng nng lng cho bm

Khi y thng tin s c thng bo OK mu xanh cho bit vic kt ni bm vi cc dng vt cht v dng nng lng hon t hnh (hnh 4.4). Bm yu cu cung cp tham s ca dng vo, cn dng ra ch yu cu khai bo gi tr p sut

7. Khai bo tham s cng sut ca bm

43

Cng sut mc nh ca bm l 75% nh mc, theo u bi cng sut ca bm ch c 10% nh mc, cn phi thay i gi tr ny. Trong giao din thuc tnh ca bm, trn Design tab vo Parameters page, trong Adiabatic Efficiency nhp gi tr 10% (nh trong hnh 4.5).

Hnh 4.5. Thay i cng sut ca bm

Khi thng tin y v bm c th c tnh ton. Vo Worksheet xem kt qu (hnh 4.6).

44

Hnh 4.6. Worksheet tab ca bm

Nhit ca dng ra l bao nhiu? ___________________________ 8. Lu vo th mc xc nh Vo File Vo Save as t tn file l Pump v bm phm OK 4.3. Tho lun Qua v d ny nhn thy rng khi bm cht lng c th lm tng nhit dng. Trong trng hp ny, k hi cng sut ca bm ch c 10% lm nhit dng nc tng ln 18 o C. Cng sut bm cng thp, nhit dng nc sau bm cng tng cao, v khi nng lng ca bm s dng phi ln hn a cht lng ra ngoi khi m p sut ca dng ra yu cu khng i. Nh th phn ln nng lng chuyn sang lm tng nhit dng cht lng. 4.4. Tm tt v n tp chng 4 Tm c nhit u ra ca bm khi cho cng sut ca bm Kt ni cc dng v i bm Xc nh nhit u ra khi bit cng sut ca bm v ngc li 4.5. Bi tp nng cao Khi nhit u ra ca bm l 200C th cng sut ca bm l bao nhiu?

45

Chng 5 MY NN Ni dung Trong chng ny s gii quyt vn tm nhit u ra ca my nn khi bit cng sut ca my nn. Ngi s dng bit cch thao tc vi Compressor trong HYSYS m phng qu trnh nn. My nn c s dng tng p sut cho mt dng kh, ty thuc vo thng tin c cung cp, Compressor s tnh ton cc tnh cht ca dng (nhit hoc p sut) hay cng sut ca my nn. Mc tiu Sau khi hc xong ngi s dng c th: Xc nh mt cu t mi bng cch s dng cc gi thuyt (hypotheticals) Thao tc vi Compressor trong HYSYS m phng qu trnh nn kh Xc nh cng sut ca Compressor v nhit u ra ca dng Yu cu Trc khi hc chng ny ngi s dng cn phi bit: Cch khi ng HYSYS La chn cc cu t Xc nh v chn H nhit ng (fluid package) Nhp v xc nh dng nguyn liu ( material stream )

46

5.1. Bi ton My nn dng vn chuyn kh v lm tng p sut ca dng kh. C mt hn kh t nhin (gm C 1, C2, C3 , n-C4, i-C4, i-C5, n-C5, n-C6, C7 + ) p sut 1 bar v nhit 100C c a vo my nn lm vic vi cng sut 30%. Lu lng dng kh l 100 kmol/h. p sut ra khi my nn l 5 bar. S dng phng tr nh PR. Xc nh nhit ca dng kh ra khi my nn. 5.2. Tin hnh m phng my nn 1. Khi ng chng trnh H YSYS 2. M New Case 3. Xy dng c s m phng Trong giao din Simulation Basis Manager (xem trong chng 2 trnh by chi tit), nhp cc thng tin nh trong bng sau: Trong trang Property Package Components C6 , C7 Chn Peng-Robinson (PR) C1 , C2 , C3, n-C4, i-C4, i-C5 , n-C5 , n+

Cu t C7 + khng tn ti trong danh sch cc cu t v th phi to mt cu t mi v s dng Hypothetical

Hnh 5.1. Giao din chn cc cu t

47

4. To cu t mi Bm vo menu Hypothetical , sau bm phm Add Component thm cu t mi vo danh sch ( hnh 5.1). Bm vo phm Quick Create Hypo Component to mt cu t gi mi. Cu t gi c th s dng m hnh cc cu t khng c trong danh sch, mt hn hp bit hoc cha bit, hoc mt cht rn. Trong trng hp ny c th s dng cu t gi xc nh hn hp kh bao gm cc cu t nng hn hexan . Trong giao din va xut hin ( hnh 5. 2), bm vo ID tab v t tn cho cu t va to ra l C7+.

Hnh 5.2. Giao din to C7+

Hnh 5.3. Giao din to C7+

Khi khng bit cu trc ca cu t gi nh v ang xy dng m hnh hn hp, s khng s dng phm Structure Builder. Chuyn sang Critical tab (hnh 5.3). Ch cn cung cp thng tin cho cu t C7+ trong Normal Boiling Pt l 110C (230o F). 48

Bm vo phm Estimate Unknown Props c tnh tt c cc tnh cht cn li v cu t gi nh hon ton c xc nh. Ti thiu cn cung cp xc nh cu t gi nh l Normal Boiling Pt hoc Molecular Weight v Ideal Liq Density Khi cu t gi c xc nh, ng ca s giao din to C 7+ quay tr v giao din Fluid Package . Nhp thm cu t gi vo danh sch Select Component bng cch chn C7 + trong danh sch Available Hypo Component, sau bm vo phm Add Hypo (hnh 5.4).

Hnh 5.4. Giao din nhp thm cu t gi nh C 7+

Mi cu t gi nh l mt phn ca Hypo Groups. Cu t mi to thnh c mc nh a vo HypoGroup1. C th nhp thm cc Groups mi v di chuyn cc cu t gia cc nhm. iu ny c thc hin trong Hypotheticals tab ca Simulation Basis Manager .

49

So snh cc tnh cht ca C 7+ vi C7 v C8 C7 + Normal Boiling Point Ideal Density Molecular Weight Liquid C7 C8

Nn nhp thm cc cu t C7 v C8 vo danh sch so snh tnh cht ca n vi cu t gi nh. Sau khi so snh phi xa C 7 & C8 bt u m phng. Khi hon thnh, bm vo phm Enter Simulation Environment , by gi sn sng bt u m phng. 5. Khi to dng ( Installing a Stream) C mt vi cch khi to dng: Bm phm F11. Hin th giao din thuc tnh ca dng . Hoc nhp p vo biu tng Stream trong Object Palette Khi to dng vt liu vi cc thng tin cho trong bng sau: Trong ny Name Temperature Pressure Molar Flow Component Mole Fraction C1 C2 C3 50 0.330 0.143 0.101 Nhp thng tin Natural Gas 100o C 1 bar 100 kgmole/h

i-C4 n-C4 i-C5 n-C5 n-C6 C7 + 6. Thit lp my nn

0.098 0.080 0.069 0.059 0.078 0.042

C mt vi cch khi to thit b m phng (xem chi tit chng 4): Bm phm nng F12. Chn thit b cn s dng trong nh m thit b Available Unit operations group. Hoc nhp p vo biu tng thit b trong Object Palette. Trong Connection page ca Design tab trn giao din thuc tnh ca my nn ( Compressor) nhp cc thng tin cho trong bng sau : Trong ny Name Feed Outlet Energy Giao din nhn c nh trong hnh 5.5. Chuyn sang Parameters page. i Adiabatic Efficiency l 30% (hnh 5.6) Chuyn sang Worksheet tab. Trn Conditions page, in thng tin nh trong hnh 5.7. Nhp gi tr Pressure ca dng Comp Out bng 5 bar.
C c page

Nhp thng tin Compressor Natural Gas Comp Out Work

51

Hnh 5.6. Giao din Compressor Design tab Parameters page

Hnh 5.7. Giao din Compressor Worksheet tab Conditions page

52

Nhit dng kh ra khi Compressor l bao nhiu ?________________ 7. Lu vo th mc xc nh Vo File Vo Save as t tn file l Compressor v bm phm OK 5.3. Tho lun Qua v d ny nhn thy rng Compressor c th lm tng nhit ca dng kh. Trong trng hp ny Compressor ch hot ng 30% cng sut nh mc, lm tng nhit dng kh ln 165 ,3oC. Cng sut ca Compressor cng nh, th s lm nhit ca dng kh nn tng ln cng ln. 5.4. Tm tt v n tp chng 5 Tm c nhit dng ra khi bit cng sut ca Compressor. My nn ch yu dng vn chuyn kh. Trong chng ny s dng Compressor m phng qu trnh nn. Bit cch khai bo cc tham s ca mt Compressor. Tm c nhit dng ra khi bit cng sut ca Compressor. 5.5. Bi tp nng cao Nu nhit dng ra l 400 C th cng sut ca my nn l bao nhiu? ___

53

Chng 6

TUCBIN GIN N KH ( EXPANDER)


Ni dung Gii quyt bi ton t m nhit u ra ca expander khi bit cng sut . Thc hnh vi expander trong HYSYS m phng qu trnh gin kh. Xc nh nhit u ra khi bit cng sut v ngc li Expander c s dng lm gim p sut ca dng kh vo c p sut cao v to dng kh sn phm ra c p sut thp v tc cao. Qu trnh gi n n l qu trnh chuyn i ni nng ca kh thnh ng nng v sinh cng . Expander s tnh ton hoc l tnh cht ca dng hoc l cng sut gin n. Ty vo thng tin c cung cp, c mt vi phng php tnh ton. Ni chung, tnh ton s ph thuc ca lu lng dng, s thay i p sut, nng lng, v cng sut. Expander tnh ton rt linh ng ty theo cc thng tin c khai bo ban u. Cn phi m bo khng c qu nhiu thng tin hoc thng tin mu thun . Mc tiu Sau khi hc xong ngi s dng c th: Thc hnh vi expander m phng qu trnh gin kh trong HYSYS Xc nh cng sut gin kh v nhit ca dng ra.

Yu cu Trc khi hc chng ny ngi s dng cn phi bit: Cch khi ng HYSYS La chn cu t. Xc nh v chn h nhit ng (fluid package). Nhp v xc nh dng nguyn liu ( material stream ).

54

6.1. Bi ton Expander dng gim p sut ca mt dng kh vo cao p v to dng kh sn ph m ra c p sut thp v vn tc l n. Hn hp kh gm metan, etan, v propan nhit 25C, p sut 20 bar , c a vo expander vi cng sut 30% nh mc. Lu lng dng kh l 100 kgmol/h, p sut ra khi expander l 5 bar. S dng phng trnh Peng-Robinson, xc nh nhit u ra ca hn hp kh. 6.2. Tin hnh m phng tucbin gin n kh 1. Xc nh fluid package theo cc thng tin cho trong bng. Trong trang Property Package Components Chn Peng-Robinson (PR) C1 , C2, C3

Bm vo phm Enter Simulation Environment 2. Thit lp dng vt liu Trong Name Temperature Pressure Molar Flow Component Mole Fraction C1 C2 C3 3. Thit lp Expander Nhp p vo Expander trong Object Palette Trong Connections page nhp cc thng tin cho trong bng di Trong Name Feed Outlet Nhp thng tin Expander Natural Gas Out 55 0.500 0.300 0.200 Nhp thng tin Natural Gas 25oC 20 bar 100 kgmole/h

Energy

Work

Giao din thuc tnh ca Expander, trong Design tab Connections page nh trong hnh 6.1.

Hnh 6.1. Expander Design tab Connections page

Chuyn sang Parameters page, thay i Adiabatic Efficiency l 30% (nh trong hnh 6.2).

56
Hnh 6.2. Expander Design tab Parameters page

Chuyn sang Worksheet tab, trong Conditions page nhp gi tr p sut cho dng ra l 5 bar. Khi hon thnh khai bo cc thng tin ban u, giao din Worksheet nh trong hnh 6.3.

Hnh 6.3. Giao din Worksheet

Nhit dng ra khi expander l bao nh iu?________________________ 4. Lu vo th mc xc nh (Save) Vo File Vo Save as t tn file l Expander v bm phm OK 6.3. Tho lun Khi thc hin gin n kh bng Expander c th lm gim nhit ca dng kh. Trong trng hp ny, cng sut ca Expander l 30% nh mc th nhit dng kh t nhin gim 31oC. Nu cng sut ca Expander cng nh th nhit dng kh c gin n s gim cng t. 6.4. Tm tt v n tp chng 6 57

Tm nhit dng ra khi bit cng sut ca expander Bit cch thao tc vi expander trong HYSYS m phng tnh ton qu trnh gin n kh. 6.5. Bi tp nng cao Cng sut ca expander l bao nhiu khi nhit u ra l 30o C? Chng 7

THIT B TRAO I NHIT


Ni dung Trong chng ny s gii quyt vn tm lu lng dng lnh qua thit b trao i nhit iu kin cho . T hit b trao i nhit dng ng v v trong HYSYS c s dng m phng qu trnh. Heat Exchanger thc hin tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn bng nng lng. Heat Exchanger l mt thit b rt linh hot, c th tnh ton vi nhit , p sut, dng nhit (bao gm c tn tht v mt mt nhit), lu lng cc dng vt cht hoc h s trao i nhit UA. Trong HYSYS, c th chn Heat Exchanger Model (m hnh trao i nhit) phn tch. Cc m hnh bao gm: m hnh End Point Model, m hnh trao i nhit ngc chiu l tng Ft = 1 Weighted Design Model, phng php Steady State Rating v phng php Dynamic Rating c s dng trong m phng ng. Phng php Dynamic Rating cung c coi nh phng php c bn v c th c s dng trong m phng tnh nh gi qu trnh trao i nhit. Mc tiu Sau khi hc xong c th: S dng thit b trao i nhit trong HYSYS m hnh h o qu trnh truyn nhit Yu cu Trc khi hc chng ny ngi s dng cn phi bit: Cch khi ng HYSYS. La chn cu t. Xc nh v chn h nhit ng (fluid package). 58

Nhp v xc nh dng nguyn liu ( material stream ).

59

7.1. Bi ton Nc nng 250 oC v 1000 psi c s dng gia nhit dng nc lnh trong thit b trao i nhit Heat Exchanger. Dng vo c nhit 25 oC v p sut l 130 psi. Nhit dng lnh v dng nng ra khi thit b ln lt l 150 oC v 190oC. Nu lu lng dng nng l 100 kg/h, tnh lu lng dng lnh i qua thit b trao i nhit . 7.2. Tin hnh m phng qu trnh trao i nhit S dng thit b trao i nhit dng ng v v ( shell and tube Heat Exchanger) m phng qu trnh. Khai bo cc tham s dng vo, dng ra c nu trong bi ton. Tnh lu lng khi lng dng lnh. Xc nh cu t v phng trnh trng thi s dng trng fluid package Thit lp dng v thit b Heat Exchanger 1. Xc nh c s m phng Nhp cc cu t v phng trnh trng thi nh cho trong bng sau Giao din Components page Property Package page 2. Thit lp dng vt cht Thit lp hai dng vt cht vi cc thng s sau: Trong Name Temperat ure Pressure Mass Flow Compositi H2 O 100% 60 H2 O 100% 1000 psi 100 kg/h 130 psi <empty> Tube in 250oC Shell in 25o C Nhp thng tin La chn H2 O Peng-Robinson

Bm phm Enter Simulation Environment .

ons 3. Thit lp Heat Exchanger Heat Exchanger thc hin tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn bng nng lng, v th c th tnh ton vi nhit , p sut, dng nhit (bao gm c tn tht v mt mt nhit), lu lng cc dng vt cht v h s trao i nhit UA. Bm vo biu tng Heat Exchanger trong Object Palette Trong Connections page, nhp cc thng tin nh trong hnh 7.1

Hnh 7.1. Heat Exchanger Design tab Connections

Tng t vi Parameters page page (in cc thng s nh hnh 7. 2). gim p Delta P ca Tube and Shell sides (ng v v thit b) l 0 kPa.

61

Vo Worksheet tab, trong Conditions page, nhp cc thng tin nh hnh 7.3. Nhit ca Tube out v Shell out ln lt l 190o C v 150o C.

Hnh 7.3. Heat Exchanger Worksheet tab Conditions page

Hy cho bit lu lng khi lng ca dng lnh l bao nhiu? _________ 4. Lu Case Vo File menu. Chn Save As. t tn file l Heat Exchanger sau bm phm OK. 7.3. Tho lun 62

Ti iu kin cho v lu lng dng nng l 100 kg/h, lu lng dng lnh qua thit b trao i nhit vo khong 55.21 kg/h. 7.4. Tm tt v n tp chng 7 Trong chng ny, yu cu s dng Heat Exchanger v t m lu lng dng lnh i qua thit b trao i nhit iu kin cho. 7.5. Bi tp nng cao Nu lu lng dng lnh l 100 kg/h, xc nh lu lng dng nng. Nhit lng trao i gia hai dng l bao nhiu?

63

Chng 8

THP TCH
Ni dung Chng ny gii quyt vn tm lu lng ca dng lng v dng hi qua thp tch hai pha ( Flash Separator). Trong m phng tnh, Separator phn chia hn hp hai pha trong thp thnh pha lng v pha hi. Hai pha lng v hi c phn tch trong thp sau khi t trng thi cn bng Flash Separator thc hin tnh ton xc nh cc tham s sn phm v thnh phn pha. p sut ca qu trnh tch l p sut thp nht ca nguyn liu tr i gim p qua thp tch. Entanpy bao gm entanpy ca dng nguyn liu v dng nng lng (gi tr mang du cng nu c un nng, mang du tr nu c lm lnh). Separator c kh nng tnh ton kt qu ngc li. Ngoi vic p dng tnh ton theo tiu chun (dng nguyn liu vo thp khai bo thng tin y , c tch ti p sut v entanpy ca thp tch), Separator cn c th s dng thnh phn bit ca mt dng sn phm tnh ton thnh phn ca dng sn phm cn li v da trn cn bng vt cht ca dng nguyn liu vo. Mc tiu Sau khi hc xong c th: S dng thit b Flash Separator trong HYSYS m hnh ho qu trnh tch pha Yu cu Trc khi hc chng ny ngi s dng cn phi bit: Cch khi ng HYSYS. La chn cu t. Xc nh v chn h nhit ng (fluid package). Nhp v xc nh dng nguyn liu ( material stream).

64

8.1. Bi ton Dng vt cht bao gm 15% etan, 20% propan, 60% i-butan, 5% n-butan 50 F v p sut kh quyn, lu lng 100 lbmol/h. Nn dng n 50 psi sau lm lnh n 32o F. Sn phm l dng hi v dng lng c tch ra. Tnh lu lng v thnh phn ca hai dng sn phm ny.
o

8.2. Thc hin m phng qu trnh tch pha 1. Xy dng c s m phng Nhp cc cu t v phng trnh trng thi: Trong giao din Property Package page Components page La chn Peng-Robinson Ethane, propane, i-butane, n-butane

Bm phm Enter Simulation Environment khi sn sng thc hin m phng 2. Thit lp dng vt cht Thit lp dng vt cht vi cc gi tr sau: Trong Name Temperature Pressure Molar Flow Compositions Nhp thng tin Gas 50o F 1 atm 100 lbmole/h Ethane-15% Propane-20% i-butane-60% n-butane-5%

65

3. Thit lp Compressor Bm vo biu tng Compressor trong Object Palette. Trong Connections page, nhp cc thng tin nh trong hnh 8.1.

Hnh 8.1. Compressor Design tab - Connections page

Trong Worksheet tab, Conditions page, nhp cc thng tin nh hnh 8.2. p sut ca dng Comp Gas l 50 psi (344.7 kPa).

66

Hnh 8.2. Compressor - Worksheet tab - Conditions page 4. Thit lp Cooler Bm vo biu tng Cooler trong Object Palette. Trong Connections page, nhp cc thng tin nh trong hnh 8.3.

Hnh 8.3. Cooler - Design tab Connections page

Chuyn sang Parameters page. gim p l 0 psi nh trong hnh 8.4.

67

Hnh 8.4. Cooler - Design tab Parameters page

Chuyn sang Worksheet tab, Conditions page, nhp thng s nh hnh 8.5. Nhit dng Cool Gas l 32oF (0oC).

Hnh 8.5. Cooler - Worksheet tab Conditions page

5. Thit lp Flash Separator 68

Bm vo biu tng Separator trong Object Palette . Trong Connections page, nhp cc thng s nh trong hnh 8.6.

Hnh 8.6. Separator Design tab Connections page

Chuyn sang Worksheet tab xem kt qu ( hnh 8.7 v 8.8):

69

Hnh 8.7. Separator Worksheet tab Conditions page

Hnh 8.8. Separator Worksheet tab Composition page

in kt qu nhn c vo bng sau:

Stream:
Flowrate: _______________ Composition:

Top 70 _________________ Ethane:

Bottom

___________

6. Lu Case Vo File menu. Chn Save As t tn file l Flash sau bm OK Khi hon thnh m phng qu trnh tch hai pha nhn c s PFD nh trong hnh 8.9.

G as

Hnh 8.9. S m phng PFD

8.3. Tm tt v n tp chng 8 Trong chng ny, thc hin tnh ton lu lng ca dng lng v dng hi ra khi thp tch khi bit lu lng dng hai pha vo thp. Dng hi v dng lng trong thp tch t trng thi cn bng trc khi c tch ra. Separator trong HYSYS c s dng m phng qu trnh tch hai pha lng v hi. 8.4. Bi tp nng cao

71

Nu nhit dng Cool Gas l 10oF, th lu lng v thnh phn ca hai dng l bao nhiu? Chng 9

PHN NG CHUYN H O
Ni dung Chng ny gii quyt vn pht trin m hnh sn xut kh hydro t metan bng phn ng oxi ho. Phng php oxi ho khng hon ton da trn phn ng ca metan vi khng kh sn xut oxit cacbon v kh hydro. Trong chng ny s hng dn cch thm cc phn ng chuyn ho (conversion) v ci t nhm cc phn ng vo thit b phn ng trong H YSYS. Loi phn ng chuyn ho khng yu cu cc kin thc v nhit ng hc. Vic phi lm l nhp h s t lng phn ng v chuyn ho ca cht phn ng c bn (trong trng hp ny l metan). chuyn ho lun lun di 100%. Phn ng tin hnh cho n khi t gii hn hoc ht cht phn ng. Vic nhm cc phn ng khc loi vi nhau l khng th thc hin, tuy nhin, c th nhm cc phn ng Conversion li thnh mt nhm v phn lo i cc phn ng (phn ng ni tip hay song song). Phn ng c bc thp nht s xy ra u tin (c th bt u hoc l 0 hoc 1). Cung nh cc phn ng n l, tng chuyn ho cu t c bn trong nhm cc phn ng khng c qu 100%. Cc phn ng Conversion khng c s dng trong cc thit b phn ng y l tng (PFR ) hoc khuy l tng (CSTR). Ni chung, cc phn ng Conversion ch c thc hin trong thit b phn ng Conversion Reactor . Mc tiu Sau khi hc xong c th: M phng thit b v phn ng chuyn ho trong HYSYS. Thit lp cc phn ng v nhm phn ng (Reaction Set). Gn Reaction Set ci t vi h nhit ng Fluid Package. Yu cu Trc khi hc chng ny ngi s dng cn phi bit: 72

iu chnh PFD Thm cc dng trong PFD hoc Workbook Khi to v ni cc dng v thit b trong PFD

73

9.1. Bi ton Cng ngh sn xut kh hydro t hydrocacbon c nhng bc pht trin ng k trong thp k qua. Hiu qu ca cng ngh sn xut hydro c lin quan trc tip n cc thit b chuyn ho nng lng nh pin nhin liu ( fuel cell). S chuyn ho nhin liu thnh hydro c thc hin bng qu trnh oxi ho khng hon ton. Phng php ny da vo phn ng ca nhin liu v d nh metan vi khng kh to ra oxit cacbon v hydro. CH4 + 1/2 O2 CH4 + O2 CO CO2 + + 2H2 2H2

Pht trin m hnh i din cho qu trnh oxi h o khng hon ton metan sn xut hydro. 9.2. Xc nh c s m phng Bc u tin m phng qu trnh sn xut hydro l chn phng trnh trng thi thch hp. Nhp cc thng tin nh sau: Trong Property Package page Components page m phng. 1. Thit lp cc phn ng Cc phn ng trong H YSYS c khi to theo cch tng t nh thm cc cu t khi bt u xy dng c s m phng. Bm vo Reaction tab trong Simulation Basis Manager . Lu rng tt c cc cu t c hin th trong danh sch Rxn Components. La chn Peng-Robinson CH4 , O2, N2, CO, CO2, H2

Bm phm Enter Simulation Environment khi sn sng thc hin

74

Hnh 9.1. Giao din Reaction tab

Bm phm Add Rxn, chn phn ng Conversion t danh sch. Nhp cc thng tin sau:

Hnh 9.2. Giao din Conversion Reaction Rxn-1 Stoichiometry tab

Chuyn sang Basis tab v nhp cc thng tin nh sau:

75

Hnh 9.3. Giao din Conversion Reaction Rxn-1 Basis tab

Vi phn ng th 2, tng t nhp cc thng tin sau:

Hnh 9.4. Giao din Conversion Reaction Rxn-2 Stoichiometry tab

Tng t Basis tab, nhp cc thng tin sau:

76

Hnh 9.5. Giao din Conversion Reaction Rxn-2 Basis tab

2. Thit lp nhm cc phn ng Khi hai phn ng ny c khai bo y cc thng tin, cn phi thit lp Reaction Set cho thit b phn ng chuyn ho Conversion Reactor . Vn ang Reaction tab (nh hnh 9.1), bm phm Add Set. t tn cm phn ng l Oxidation Rxn Set, v nhp hai phn ng Rxn-1, Rxn-2 vo. Cc phn ng c nhp bng cch chn cc phn ng cn thit t danh sch th xung trong Active List. Giao din s hin th nh trong hnh di y khi hon thnh.

Hnh 9.6. Giao din to Oxidation Rxn Set

77

3. Thit lp cc phn ng ni tip Cc phn ng chuyn ho c th c nhm li v phn loi phn ng (ni tip hoc song song). Phn ng no c xp hng thp nht s xy ra u tin (c th bt u hoc l 0 hoc 1). thit lp cho cc phn ng xy ra ni tip, trong Oxidation Rxn Set (hnh 9.6), bm vo phm Ranking v nhp cc thng tin nh trong hnh 9. 7 di y.

Hnh 9.7. Thit lp cho cc phn ng ni tip

4. Lin kt nh m phn ng vo Fluid Package Sau khi thit lp nhm phn ng (Reaction Set), cn phi nhp vo h nhit ng la chn trong HYSYS s dng. Chn Reaction Set v bm phm Add to FP. Chn Fluid Package v bm phm Add Set to Fluid Package . Nu cn, c th save Fluid Package kem theo cc phn ng gn vo . Nh vy c th m li FP ny bt k bi ton m phng no khc trong HYSYS khi FP ny ph hp. Khi cc phn ng ci t c gn vo Fluid Package, c th vo mi trng m phng v bt u xy dng PFD. 5. Thit lp cc dng vt cht Thit lp dng vt cht th nht vi cc thng tin cho trong bng sau. Trong .. Name Temperature 78 Nhp thng tin Methane 25o C

Pressure Molar Flow Component Mole Fraction C1 Tng t vi dng th hai. Trong Name Temperature Pressure Molar Flow Component Mole Fraction N2 O2 6. Thit lp thit b phn ng chuyn h o

2 bar 100 kgmole/h 1.000

Nhp thng tin Air 25o C 2 bar 260 kgmole/h 0.79 0.21

T Object Palette, bm vo biu tng General Reactor, chn Conversion Reactor v a vo PFD. t tn thit b l Oxidation Reactor v ni vi hai dng nguyn liu thit lp trn l Methane v Air. t tn dng sn phm hi l Ox_Vap, mc d trong trng hp ny khng c sn phm lng nhng vn phi t tn l Ox_Liq.

79

Hnh 9.8. Oxidation Reactor Design tab Connections page

Trong Details page ca Reaction tab, chn nhm phn ng Oxidation Rxn Set ci t, cc phn ng s t ng c kt ni vi thit b phn ng.

Hnh 9.9. Oxidation Reactor Reactions tab Details page

80

Chuyn sang Composition page ca Worksheet tab, phn tch thnh phn ca dng sn phm Ox_Vap, in kt qu vo bng di y. Lu lng mol ca cc cu t bng bao nhiu? Methane: _____________ Oxygen: ______________ CO2: _________________ 7. Lu Case Vo File menu. Chn Save As. t tn file l Conversion sau bm phm OK. Nitrogen: ________________ CO: _____________________ Hydrogen: ________________

Hnh 9.10. Hon thnh PFD

9.3. Tm tt v n tp chng 9 Trong chng ny gii thiu m hnh sn xut hydro t metan bng phng php oxi ho khng hon ton. Phng php ny da trn nhng phn ng ca metan vi khng kh to ra cacbon oxit v hydro. Qua hc c cch thao 81

tc thit lp cc phn ng chuyn ho (Conversion) v nhm cc phn ng (Reactions Set) trong HYSYS.

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Chng 10

PHN NG CN BNG
Ni dung Trong chng ny s gi i quyt vn pht trin m hnh i di n cho phn ng chuy n ho kh ( Water Gas Shift WGS). Vai tr ca phn ng WGS l tng hiu sut H2 v gi m nng CO p ng yu cu ca pin nhin liu, khng gy ng c anot v gi m hiu sut s dng ca pin. Trong chng ny s hng dn cch thit lp cc phn ng cn bng (Equilibrium) v nhm phn ng (Reaction Set) trong HYSYS. Equilibrium Reactor l thit b m phng trong thc hin cc phn ng cn bng ( equilibrium reactio n). Dng ra khi thit b t trng thi cn bng h o hc v vt l. Reaction Set c gn cho Equilibrium Reactor bao gm khng gii hn cc phn ng cn bng, c din ra song song hoc ni tip. Khng c cc cu t v qu trnh l tng, HYSYS c th tnh ton hot tnh ho hc ca mi cu t trong hn hp phn ng da trn fugat ca cc cu t n cht v hn hp. C th kim tra chuyn ho thc t, thnh phn cu t c bn, hng s cn bng v bc phn ng i vi tng phn ng c ci t trong Reaction Set. chuyn ho, hng s cn bng v cc thng s tnh ton khc, tt c c tnh ton da trn nhng thng tin c cung cp khi thit lp Reaction Set . Mc tiu Sau khi hc xong c th: M phng thit b v phn ng cn bng trong HYSYS Nhp thm phn ng hoc nhm phn ng. Lin kt phn ng vi h nhit ng FP. In cc thng tin ca dng v d liu Workbook. Yu cu Trc khi hc chng ny ngi s dng cn phi bit: Thc hin iu chnh PFD Thm cc dng trong PFD hoc Workbook 83

Khi to v ni cc dng v o thit b trong PFD

84

10.1. Bi ton Mt ng dng m i ca hydro sn xut pin nhin liu cho ng c (PEM fuel cell). Pin nhin liu i h i nng CO thp hn 10 20 ppm, trnh gy ng c anot v lm gim t ngt hiu sut nhin liu. Cc pin nhin liu (fuel cell) bin i nng lng ho h c ca nhin liu hydro trc tip thnh nng l ng i n. Khng ging nh pin ho c c quy, pin nhin li u khng b mt in v cung khng c kh nng tch i n. Pin nhin liu ho t ng lin t c khi nhin liu l hydro v cht oxi ho l oxy c a t ngoi vo. Do , nu hydro c sn xut t qu trnh reforming hydrocacbon ho c ru, vic tinh ch lm gi m nng CO l v cng cn thit. Cng ngh ph bi n nht hi n nay l chuy n ho kh b ng hi nc (WGS) theo phn ng sau: CO + H2 O CO2 + H2 Phn ng ny c s dng trong cng nghip t 40 nm trc sn xut hydro t cc hydrocacbon l ng v kh. Vai tr ca phn ng WGS l tng hiu sut hydro v lm gi m nng CO trnh gy ng c xc tc. Xy dng m hnh ph n ng WGS. 10.2. Thc hin m phng qu trnh phn ng cn b ng Chng ny s s dng case ca chng trc (chng 9 Ph n ng chuy n ho), c b sung thm cu t , H2 O. M case lu ca chng 9: Conversion

85

Hnh 10.1. M case Conversion

B m vo biu tng Enter Basis Environment trn thanh cng c vo giao din Simulation Basis Manager . Trong Components tab, vo giao di n Component List-1 thm cu t . Thm cu t H2O vo danh sch, nh m t trong hnh 10.2.

Hnh 10.2. B sung cu t H2O

1. Thit lp cc ph n ng Cc phn ng trong HYSYS c nhp vo theo cch tng t nh nhp cu t thc hin m ph ng. B m vo Reaction tab trong Simulation Basis Manager . Lu rng t t c cc cu t c hin th trong danh sch Rxn Components.

86

Hnh 10.3. Thit l p phn ng

B m vo phm Add Rxn , ch n ph n ng Equilibrium t danh sch hin th. Nhp cc thng tin c n thit nh sau:

Hnh 10.4. Nhp h s t lng cho phn ng

2. Nhp Reaction Sets Khi phn ng ny c khai bo y cc thng tin, c th ci t cho thit b ph n ng cn b ng Equilibrium Reactor . Trong Reaction tab, b m vo phm Add Set. t tn nhm phn ng ny (Reaction Set) l WGS Rxn Set , v nhp phn ng Rxn-3 vo. Cc ph n ng c nhp vo bng cch la ch n cc phn ng trong danh sch c a nhm Active List. Kt thc s c giao di n nh m t trong hnh di y:

87

Hnh 10.5. Thit l p Reaction Set

3. Lin kt Reaction Set vo Fluid Package Sau khi thit lp nhm phn ng (Reaction Set ), cn ph i a vo Fluid Package HYSYS c th s dng trong tnh ton. Ch n Reaction Set v b m phm Add to FP. Ch n Fluid Package v b m phm Add Set to Fluid Package. Khi cc ph n ng c ci t c lin kt vo Fluid Package, b m phm Return to the Simulation Environment quay tr l i mi trng m ph ng v bt u xy d ng m ph ng PFD. Lu rng phm Solver c bt (biu tng en xanh trn thanh cng c). 4. Thit lp dng nguyn liu Thit lp dng vt cht v i cc thng tin sau: Trong ... Name Temperature Pressure Molar Flow Component Mole Fraction 88 Nhp thng tin Steam 100o C 2 bar 100 kgmole/h

H2 O 5. Thit lp Equilibrium Reactor

1.000

T Object Palette, bm vo vo biu tng General Reactor, trong s b n lo i thit b ph n ng xut hi n: Gibbs, Equilibrium, Conversion v Yield, ch n Equilibrium Reactor v a vo PFD. t tn thit b l WGS Reactor v n i v i hai dng nguyn liu l Ox_Vap v Steam. t tn dng sn phm hi l WGS_Vap, v mc d trong trng hp ny khng c sn ph m lng nhng vic t tn l bt bu c, WGS_Liq.

Hnh 10.6. Kt ni cc dng vo thi t b phn ng

Trong Details page ca Reactions tab, ch n WGS Rxn Set ci t, cc ph n ng s t ng c kt n i v i thit b phn ng.

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Hnh 10.7. Reaction tab - Details page

Trong Composition page ca Worksheet tab, phn tch thnh ph n ca dng kh s n ph m WGS_Vap. Lu lng mol ca cc cu t sau bng bao nhiu? Methane: ____________ Oxygen: _____________ CO2: ________________ Nitrogen: ____________ CO: ________________ Hydrogen: ___________

Tnh ton phn trm ca cc cu t (so snh vi kt qu trong chng 9) CO gim: __________________________ Hydrogen tng: ____________________ 6. In s liu tnh ton cc dng v thi t b Trong HYSYS c th in b ng s liu ca cc dng, thit b v Workbook

90

M Workbook b ng cch b m vo biu tng trn thanh cng c . Ho c b m vo phm Tools t menu chnh r i ch n Workbook (ho c s dng phm nng Ctrl+W ). Giao di n Workbook s hi n th nh hnh 10.8.

Hnh 10.8. Giao din Workbook

Trong giao din cha hi n th thnh phn ph n mol ca cc cu t . b sung thm bi n vo Workbook trnh t thc hin nh sau. Giao di n Workbook ang m, trn thanh menu chnh ca giao din Workbook chn Workbook, trong danh sch th xung chn Setup, s xut hin ca s nh trn hnh 10.9.

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Hnh 10.9. B sung thm bi n vo Workbook

Trong Variables group, b m phm Add s hi n th giao din nh hnh 10.10. Trong danh sch cc bi n Variable, ch n Master Comp Molar Flow v trong danh sch Variable Specifics, ch n Methane. Sau b m phm OK.

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Hnh 10.10. Ch n bin nh p thm vo Workbook

Lp l i nh trn v i t t c cc cu t cn l i. Khi kt thc ki m tra l i giao din Workbook nh hnh 10.11.

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Hnh 10.11. Giao din Workbook nh p thm lu lng ph n mol cc c u t

Nhp chut phi vo i tng ki m tra trn thanh cng c Workbook. Print Datasheet s xut hi n nh trong hnh 10.12.

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Hnh 10.12. Hin th Print Datasheet

Chn Print Datasheet. Giao din Select Datablock s xut hin (hnh 10.13).

Hnh 10.13. Giao din Select Datablock

T danh sch, c th ch n in (Print) ho c xem l i (Preview) bt k bng d liu no. C th sa i nh d ng trang in, la ch n my in, ho c cch thc hi n th ca b ng s liu trong trang in, b ng cch s d ng cc phm Format/ Layout ho c phm Print Setup 7. Lu Case Vo File menu. 95

Ch n Save As. t tn file l Equilibrium sau b m phm OK . Khi hon thnh m ph ng, giao din PFD nh trong hnh 10.14.

Hnh 10.14. Giao din PFD

10.3. Tm t t v n t p chng 10 u chng, bt u v i vn pht tri n m hnh chuyn ho kh b ng hi nc. Vai tr ca ph n ng WGS l tng hiu sut hydro v gi m nng CO p ng yu cu s d ng trong pin nhin liu, trnh ng c anot v gi m hiu sut ca pin nhin liu. Qua , hiu thm v cc phn ng cn b ng (Equilibrium Reaction) v thit lp phn ng cn b ng, nhm ph n ng v thit b ph n ng cn b ng trong HYSYS.

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Chng 11

THIT B PHN NG KHUY LIN TC (CSTR)


Ni dung Trong chng ny, s t rnh by v quy trnh sn xut propylen glycol. Oxit propylen phn ng vi nc trong thit b phn ng l thng khuy lin tc (CSTR ). Dng nguyn liu l oxit propylen v nc c trn Mixer, dng h n hp ra l nguyn liu cho phn ng, vi iu kin p sut kh quyn propylen glycol c to thnh. Mc tiu Sau khi hc xong c th: M phng thit b phn ng thng c khuy lin tc v cc phn ng trong HYSYS Thit lp c mt Session Preference mi. Yu cu Trc khi hc chng ny ngi s dng cn phi bit: Thc hin cc thay i trong PFD Thm cc dng trong PFD hoc Workbook Khi to v ni cc dng vo thit b trong PFD

97

11.1. Thit lp mt Session Preference mi Khi ng HYSYS v to mt case mi. Vic u tin l thit lp Session Preference. T Tools trn thanh menu chnh chn Preference. Giao din thuc tnh ca Session Preference s xut hin nh hnh 11.1.

Hnh 11.1. Giao din thuc tnh ca Session Preference

Trn Simulation tab, chn Options page. Phi chc chn l khng kch hot Use Modal Property Views. Chuyn sang Variables tab, chn Units page, xut hin ca s nh hnh 11.2. 11.2. Khi to H n v o mi Cng vic u tin cn thc hin khi xy dng m phng l phi chn h n vi o ( Unit Set). HYSYS khng cho php thay i ba h n v o mc nh c lit k trong danh sch unit sets, tuy nhin c th to mt unit set mi. Trong 98

chng ny, s to mt unit set mi da trn h n v Anh ca HYSYS ( Field set), sau hiu chnh theo yu cu. Trong danh sch Available Units Set , chn Field (hnh 11.2). Tham s Liq.Vol.Flow c n v mc nh l barrel/day; s thay i n v ca Liq.Vol.Flow thnh n v USGPM.

Hnh 11.2. Session Preference - Variables tab - Units page

Preference file c tn mc nh l HYSYS.prf . Khi thay i cc thng s ca Preferences, c th lu li nhng thay i ny trong file mi, bng cch bm vo phm Save Preference Set bn tri pha di giao din thuc tnh ca Session Preferences . HYSYS s nhc nh khai bo tn cho Preference file mi, khi cn n c th m li file ny cho case m phng mi no , bng cch bm vo phm Load Preference Set bn phi pha di giao din thuc tnh ca Session Preferences Bm vo phm Clone. S sut hin mt h n v o mi c tn l NewUser trong danh sch Available Unit Sets. Trong Unit Set Name , thay i tn thnh Field-USGPM. C th thay i cc n v o cho cc bin khc trong h n v ca file mi ny. 99

Tm Liq.Vol.Flow. Bm vo barrel/day bn cnh ( hnh 11.3). m danh sch cc n v o c th, bm vo mui tn i xung, hoc bm phm nng F2 sau bm vo phm mui tn i xung di chuyn . T danh sch chn USGPM.

Hnh 11.3. To h n v mi Field-USGPM

H n v mi c xc nh. ng ca s giao din thuc tnh ca Session Preferences . 11.3. Thc hin m phng 1. Thit lp c s m phng. Nhp cc thng tin sau: Trong page Property Package Components H2 O 100 La chn UNIQUAC Propylene Oxide, Propylene Glycol,

2. Cung cp h s tng tc bc hai Cng vic tip theo s thc hin trong Fluid Package l cung cp cc h s tng tc bc hai. Bm vo Binary Coeffs tab trong ca s thuc tnh Fluid Package nh trong hnh 11.4. Trong nhm Activity Model Interaction Parameters , c bng cc h s tng tc bc hai mc nh A ij. HYSYS s t ng a ra cc h s tng tc cho cc cp hai cu t trong thnh phn hn hp t th vin. C th thay i cc h s m HYSYS cung cp nu ngi s dng c s liu. Trong trng hp ny, cha bit h s tng tc ca mt cp bc hai l 12C3Oxide/12-C3diol. Trong trng hp ny, s t nhp s liu nu ngi s dng c s liu, nu khng s s dng theo phng php c tnh ca HYSYS.

Hnh 11.4. Ca s hi n th h s tng tc b c hai Aij v Bij

S dng phng php UNIFAC VLE c tnh h s cha bit. Bm vo phm Unknowns Only. HYSYS cung cp gi tr cc h s tng tc bc hai cha bit. Khi hon thnh bng Activity Model Interaction Parameters vi cc gi tr h s Aij ca cc cp i tng ng s hin th nh hnh 11. 5 di y 101

Hnh 11.5. H s tng tc bc hai Aij

Chuyn sang bng h s tng tc Bij, chn phm Bij. Trong trng hp ny, tt c cc h s Bij c mc nh bng 0. 3. Thit lp phn ng Phn ng gia nc v propylene oxide to thnh propylene glycol: H2O + C3 H6 O C3 H8 O2 Quay tr li Simulation Basis Manager Bm vo Reactions tab. Trong tab ny cho php thit lp cc phn ng xy ra trong lu trnh. Trong Reactions group, bm vo phm Add Rxn , s xut hin ca s cc thuc tnh ca phn ng Reactions property . Trong danh sch, chn Kinetic Reaction , sau bm vo phm Add Reaction . Giao din thuc tnh ca Kinetic Reaction xut hin, m Stoichiometry tab. in thng tin nh hin th trong hnh 11. 6. di y.

102

Hnh 11.6. Kinetic Reaction Stoichiometry tab

HYSYS s cung cp gi tr mc nh ca cc thng s bc ca phn ng thun Forward Order v bc ca phn ng nghch Reverse Order da trn h s t lng ca phn ng ( reaction stoichiometry ). Cc d liu ng hc ca qu trnh, trong trng hp ny lng nc d, v vy phn ng l bc mt vi propylen oxit. Trong Fwd Order theo H2O, thay i gi tr thnh 0 biu th l d nc. Hon thnh Stoichiometry tab v c hin th nh hnh 11.7.

Hnh 11.7. Kinetic Reaction Stoichiometry tab

Trong giao din Kinetic Reaction , chuyn sang Basis tab. 103

Trong Basis, gi nguyn gi tr mc nh Molar Concn. Vo Base Component. Theo mc nh, HYSYS chn cu t u tin c lit k trong danh sch trn Stoichiometry tab l cu t c bn. Trong trng hp ny Propylene oxide l cu t c bn. Trong Rxn Phase, chn CombinedLiquid t danh sch th xung. Hon thnh Basis tab nh trong hnh 11.8.

Hnh 11.8. Kinetic Reaction Basis tab

Chuyn sang Parameters tab. Trong giao din ny s khai bo cc thng s Arrhenius parameters cho phn ng ng hc. Trong trng hp ny, khng xy ra phn ng nghch ( Reverse Reaction ), v vy ch phi khai bo cc thng s cho phn ng thun Forward Reaction parameters. Trong Forward Reaction , A nhp gi tr 1.7e13. Trong Forward Reaction , E (nng lng hot ho), nhp gi tr 3.24e4 (btu/lbmole). Trn thanh trng thi pha di bn phi ca giao din Kinetic Reaction s thay i t Not Ready thnh Ready. Nh vy vic thit lp phn ng hon thnh. Giao din Parameters tab s nh hnh 11.9.

104

Hnh 11.9. Kinetic Reaction Parameters tab

Bc tip theo l to Reaction Set cha cc phn ng mi. Trong danh sch cc Reaction Set ca HYSYS cung cp Global Rxn Set bao gm tt c cc phn ng c xc nh. Trong trng hp ny, ch c duy nht mt phn ng, nhp Rxn-1 vo Global Rxn Set. Bc cui cng l lin kt Reaction Set vo Fluid Package , c th thc hin tnh ton trong flowsheet . Thm Reaction Set vo Fluid Package . Sau khi thm phn ng vo Fluid Package, bm phm Enter the Simulation Environment v bt u xy dng m phng. 4. Khi to hai dng nguyn liu Nhp dng nguyn liu th nht vi cc gi tr nh trong bng sau: Name Temperature Pressure Molar Flow Component Mole Fraction 12C3Oxide Nhp thm dng nguyn liu th hai Name Temperature Pressure 105 Water Feed 75o F 16.17 psi 1.000 Prop Oxide 75o F 1.1 atm 150 lbmole/h

Mass Flow Component Mole Fraction H2 O 5. Khi to thit b trn hn hp

11,000 lb/h

1.000

Mixer, s dng trn hai dng nguyn liu. in cc thng tin nh hnh 11.10.

Hnh 11.10. Kt ni cc dng vi Mixer

6. Khi to thit b phn ng T Object Palette, chn CSTR, v a vo PFD. t tn thit b phn ng l CSTR, ni vi dng nguyn liu l Mix_Out . Dng sn phm hi l CSTR Vent , dng sn phm lng l CSTR Product.

106

Hnh 11.11. Kt ni cc dng vi Reactor

Chuyn sang Details page ca Reactions tab, chn Global Rxn Set .

Hnh 11.12. Lin kt Reaction Set vi Reactor

Bc tip theo l khai bo tham s cho thit b phn ng Vessel Parameters . Trong trng hp ny thit b phn ng c th tch l 280 ft3 v in y l 85%. Chuyn sang Dynamics tab, sau chn Specs page (hnh 11.13). Trong Model Details group, bm vo Vessel Volume . Nhp gi tr 280 (ft3). Trong Liq Volume Percent , nhp gi tr 85.

107

Hnh 11.13. Khai bo cc tham s cho thit b phn ng

Chuyn sang Worksheet tab (hnh 11.14). Ti thi im ny, dng sn phm v dng nng lng lm mt cha bit bi v thit b phn ng ch c mt bc t do. Lc ny c th khai bo hoc l nhit dng ra hoc l nng lng lm lnh. Thit b phn ng c gi thit lm vic trong iu kin ng nhit, do nhit dng sn phm ra bng nhit dng nguyn liu vo bng 75oF. Trong ct CSTR Product , nhp gi tr Temperature l 75oF, nh trong hnh 11.14.

Hnh 11.14.

Khng c thay i pha trong thit b phn ng Reactor iu kin ng 108

nhit, dng sn phm hi CSTR Vent bng 0. Ngoi ra, yu cu nng lng lm mt c tnh ton biu din qua Heat Flow ca dng tc nhn lnh ( Coolant stream). Tip theo kim tra chuyn ho trong thit b phn ng ph thuc vo nhit phn ng. Chuyn sang Reactions tab, sau ch n Results page. chuyn ho s hin th trong bng Reactor Results Summary nh hnh 11.15.

Hnh 11.15. Kt qu tnh ton chuyn h o ca phn ng

Vi nhit phn ng gi thit l 75oF, chuyn ho ca phn ng Actual Percent Conversion (Act.% Cn5.) trong thit b phn ng l 40.3%. Cn phi iu chnh nhit sao cho chuyn ho t 85 95%. in cc gi tr sau: Reactor Temperature: ________________________________ Actual Percent Conversion: ____________________________ 7. Lu case vo th mc xc nh Vo File menu. Chn Save As. t tn file l CSTR sau bm phm OK. 109

Hon thnh m phng nhn c lu trnh PFD nh trong hnh 11.16.

Hnh 11.16. PFD cng ngh sn xut propylen glycol t propylen oxit v nc

11.4. Tm tt v n tp chng 11 Trong chng ny thc hin xy dng lu trnh PFD m phng cng ngh sn xut propylen glycol. Propylen oxit phn ng vi nc to thnh propylen glycol trong thit b phn ng loi thng c khuy lin tc ( CSTR). Propylen oxit v nc c trn trong Mixer. Hn hp sau khi trn c a vo thit b phn ng khuy lin tc, trong iu kin p sut kh quyn propylen glycol c to thnh.

110

Chng 12

THP HP TH
Ni dung Trong chng ny gii thiu cch s dng HYSYS m phng qu trnh hp th kh lin tc trong thp m. Thit b hp th mc nh trong HYSYS l loi thp a ( Tray Section ), c dng sn phm hi t nh thp, v dng sn phm lng t y thp. Khng c sn cc thng s cho thp hp th, m da trn cu hnh chung ca thp. iu kin v thnh phn ca dng nguyn liu, cung nh p sut lm vic s xc nh s hi t ca thp. Khi tnh ton thp hi t, kt qu nhn c bao gm iu kin v thnh phn ca cc dng sn phm hi v sn phm lng. Mc tiu Sau khi hc xong ngi s dng c th: S dng thit b hp th trong HYSYS m phng qu trnh hp th Xc nh c cc thng s thit k thp hp th Yu cu Trc khi hc chng ny ngi s dng cn phi bit: Thc hin cc thay i trong PFD Thm cc dng trong PFD hoc Workbook Khi to v ni cc dng vo thit b trong PFD.

111

12.1. Bi ton Propylen carbonat hp th CO 2 trong thp m. Dng kh nguyn liu c 20% mol CO2 v 80% mol metan. Lu lng dng l 2 m 3 /s v iu kin lm vic ca thp l 60oC v 60,1 atm. Lu lng dng dung mi l 2000 kmol/h. S dng HYSYS xc nh hm lng CO2 (% mol) trong dng kh ra, chiu cao thp (m) v ng knh thp (m). 12.2. Thc hin m phng qu trnh hp th 1. Xy dng c s m phng Nhp cc thng tin sau trong giao din Simulation Basis Manager Trong ca s ca tab Property Package Components Chn Sour PR CH4 , Carbonate CO2 , Propylene

Bm phm Enter Simulation Environment m phng. 2. Thit lp cc dng nguyn liu Thit lp dng dung mi vi cc thng tin sau. Trong ny.... Name Temperature Pressure Molar Flow Component Mole Fraction CO2 Methane C3=Carbonate 0.000 0.000 1.000 Nhp thng tin... Gases In 112 Nhp thng tin... Solvent In 60o C 60.1 atm 2000 kgmole/h

Thit lp dng kh nguyn liu vi cc thng tin sau. Trong ny... Name

Temperature Pressure Molar Flow Component Mole Fraction CO2 Methane C3 = Carbonate 3. Thit lp thp hp th

60o C 60.1 atm 7200 m3 /h

0.200 0.800 0.000

Bm vo biu tng Absorber trn Object Palette, nh hnh bn Vo Connection page, nhp cc thng tin sau. Giao din nh hnh 12.1. Trong ny... Name Top Stage Inlet Bottom Stage Inlet Ovhd Vapour Outlet Bottom Liquid Outlet Nhp thng tin... Absorber Solvent In Gases In Gases Out Liquid Out

Hnh 12.1. Giao din Absorber Connections page (1 of 3)

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Bm vo phm Next, v tip tc nhp cc thng tin nh trong hnh 12.2.

Hnh 12.2. Giao din Absorber Connections page (2 of 3)

Bm vo phm Next, v tip tc nhp cc thng tin nh trong hnh 12.3.

Hnh 12.1. Giao din Absorber Connections p

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Hnh 12.3. Giao din Absorber Connections page (3 of 3)

Sau bm vo phm Done... s xut hin ca s nh hnh 12.4.

Hnh 12.4. Giao din Absorber Connections page hon

thc hin tnh ton, bm vothnh phm Run pha di ca s. Hp trng thi mu vi ch Unconverged s chuyn sang mu xanh vi ch Converged nu ton b qu trnh thc hin chnh xc nh hng dn trn. Tuy nhin kt qu tnh ton nhn c l cho thp hp th loi thp a, cn phi chuyn sang thp m. Trnh t thao tc chuyn t thp a sang thp m nh sau: Bm vo Tools trn thanh menu chnh, chn Utilities. Trong ca s Available Utilities di chuyn xung di v chn Tray Sizing nh trong hnh 12.5.

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Bm phm Add Utility s xut hin ca s Tray Sizing nh hnh 12. 6. t tn trong Name l Packing.

Hnh 12.6. Ca s Tray Sizing

Bm vo phm Select TS... pha trn bn phi ca s Tray Sizing, s xut hin ca s Select Tray Section nh hnh 12. 7. Bm phm chn All trong Object Filter, la chn Absorber trong Flowsheet , sau chn TS-1 trong Object, sau bm phm OK.

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Tr v ca s Select Tray Section. Bm phm Auto Section..., s xut hin ca s Auto Section Information, trong nhm Internal Type chn Packed, trong hp Packing Type c danh sch cc loi m c th xung, cun xung chn loi m Raschig Rings (Ceramic) 1_4 inch nh hnh 12.8.
Hnh 12.8. ca s Auto Section Information

Sau khi la chn xong, bm phm Next>, hin th ca s nh trong 117

hnh 12. 9, bm phm Complete AutoSection .

Sau khi bm phm Complex AutoSection, s xut hin ca s Tray Sizing. ng ca s ny li v tr v giao din PFD. Nhp p vo Absorber m giao din thuc tnh ca thp, bm vo phm Run chy chng trnh m phng tnh ton li vi thp m. 4. Cc thng s thit k thp Trn thanh menu chnh, bm vo Tools, trong danh sch chn Utilities. Ca s Available Utilities s xut hin, di chuyn xung di danh sch chn Packing v bm vo phm View Utility. Trong ca s mi hin th, bm phm Auto Section v thay i trong nhm Internal Type chn Packed. Khng cn phi chn li loi m na. Bm phm Next> v sau bm phm Complete AutoSection, s xut hin ca s Tray Sizing nh hnh 12.10. By gi m Performance tab, chn Packed. Trong Results page, c th c gi tr ng knh v chiu cao ca thp. ng ca s ny li tr v giao din PFD, nhp p vo dng Gases Out v c hm lng CO 2 trong dng kh ra. Ghi cc kt qu tnh ton nhn c vo bng.

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Section Diameter (m)___________________________ Section Height (m)_____________________________ CO2 composition______________________________ 5. Lu vo th mc xc nh Vo File Chn Save as t tn file l Absorber, sau bm phm OK Hon thnh m phng nhn c lu trnh PFD nh trong hnh 12.11.

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Hnh 12.11. PFD qu trnh hp th CO2 bng propylen carbonat

12.3. Tm tt v n tp chng 12 Trong phn u chng ny bt u m phng qu trnh hp th CO 2 bng propylene carbonate trong thp hp th loi thp m, s dng cng c Absorber trong HYSYS m phng qu trnh hp th. Trong phn cui chng ny, s dng HYSYS xc nh nng CO 2 cn li trong dng kh sn phm ra khi thp hp th, chiu cao thp (m) v ng knh thp (m).

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Hnh 12.12. Thp h p th (sub-flowsheet)

12.4. Bi tp nng cao Tng lu lng dng dung mi Solvent In t 2000 kmol/h ln 2500 kmol/h . Chy li chng trnh m phng, xem kt qu c g thay i, in kt qu mi nhn c vo bng sau : Section Diameter (m)___________________________ Section Height (m)_____________________________ CO2 composition______________________________

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Chng 13

THP CHNG LUYN


Ni dung Thu hi pha lng t kh t nhin ( Natural-Gas Liquids NGL) l qu trnh x l hn hp kh t nhin kh ph bin. Mc ch ca qu trnh tch pha lng l: Kh ng cn cc hydrocacbon nng l cc cu t thng b ngng t trong ng ng, m bo vn chuyn kh an ton bng ng ng. p ng cc tiu chun ca kh thng phm. Thu hi ti a sn phm lng (sn phm lng c gi tr cao hn kh) HYSYS c th m hn h ho nhiu cu hnh thp chng luyn khc nhau. Trong chng ny s s dng ba thp m phng nh my NGL: Thp tch metan s dng thp c un si y thp ( Reboiled Absorber). Thp tch etan s dng thp chng luyn c hi lu nh ngng t mt phn v un si y thp ( Distillation Column). Thp tch propan s dng thp chng luyn c hi lu nh ngng t hon ton v un si y thp ( Distillation Column). Mc tiu Sau khi hc xong c th: Thit lp thp chng s dng Input Experts. Khai bo cc tham s cho thp chng luyn. Yu cu Trc khi hc chng ny ngi s dng cn phi bit: Thc hin cc thay i trong PFD Thm cc dng trong PFD hoc Workbook Khi to v ni cc dng vo thit b trong PFD

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S cng ngh PFD

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Hnh 13.1. S m phng cng ngh NGL trong HYSYS

Thp tch metan DC1

Hnh 13.2.Thp tch metan DC1

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Thp tch etan DC2

125

Hnh 13.3. Thp tch etan DC2

Thp tch propan DC3

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Hnh 13.4. Thp tch propan DC3

13.1. Thc hin m phng M new case. Chn Peng Robinson EOS . Nhp cc cu t: N 2, CO2, C1 C8. Bm phm Enter Simulation Environment 1. Thit lp cc dng vt cht Thit lp hai dng vt liu theo cc thng tin trong bng sau: In this cell Trong ny Name Temper ature Pressur e Flowra te Compo nent N2 CO2 C1 C2 C3 0.0025 0.0048 0.7041 0.1921 0.0706 127 0.0057 0.0029 0.7227 0.1176 0.0750 psia) 1620 lbmole/hr) kgmole/h (3575 215 lbmole/hr) kgmole/h (475 2275 kPa (330 2290 kPa (332 psia) tin Feed1 Feed2 Nhp thng Enter Nhp thng tin

95oC (140o F)

85oC (120oF)

Mole Fraction

Mole Fraction

i-C4 n-C4 i-C5 n-C5 C6 C7 C8

0.0112 0.0085 0.0036 0.0020 0.0003 0.0002 0.0001

0.0204 0.0197 0.0147 0.0102 0.0037 0.0047 0.0027

2. Thit lp thp tch metan Thp tch metan c m phng bng thit b Reboiler Absorber , vi hai dng nguyn liu, mt dng nng lng vo gia nhit y thp. Thit lp dng nng lng theo cc thng tin sau : Trong ny Name Energy Flow Nhp thng tin Ex Duty 2.1e+06 kJ/h (2.0+06 Btu/hr)

Nhp p vo biu tng Reboiled Absorber trong Object Palette Xut hin giao din Input Expert u tin. Nhp cc thng tin nh trong hnh 13. 5 di y.

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Hnh 13.5. Giao din Input Expert (1 of 4)

Bm phm Next> chuyn sang trang tip theo. Nhp cc thng tin p sut nh trong hnh 13. 6. Trong h n v field, nhp gi tr p sut nh thp l 330 psi v p sut y thp l 335 psi.

Hnh 13.6. sang Giao trang din Input Expert (2 of 4) gi tr nhit Bm phm Next> chuyn tip theo. Nhp cc gi nh nh trong hnh 13. 7, trong h n v field, nhp gi tr nhit nh thp l -125o F, nhit reboiler l 80o F.

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Hnh 13.7. Giao din Input Expert (3 of 4)

Bm phm Next> chuyn sang trang tip theo. Trong trng hp ny khng cn thm thng tin trong trang cui ny, hnh 13. 8. Bm phm Done

Hnh 13.8. Giao din Input Expert (1 of 4)

Sau khi bm phm Done, HYSYS s m y giao din thuc tnh ca thp. M Monitor page trong Design tab ca giao din Column DC1 nh hnh 13.9. Trc khi cho tnh ton thp, phi chc chn rng khai bo y cc thng tin nh hng dn trn.

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T Monitor page (hnh 13. 9) nhn thy rng thp c th tnh ton c cn phi nhp thm tham s lu lng sn phm nh Ovhd Prod Rate l 1338 kgmole/h (2950 lbmole/hr). Sau khi nhp thm tham s ny, bm phm Run bt u tnh ton thp v qu trnh s hi t, nh hnh 13.10.

Phn mol metan trong sn phm nh l bao nhiu?______________ Mc d thp hi t, nhng trong thc t khng phi lc no cung c s liu v lu lng dng sn phm nh. Tham s ny c th l kt qu tnh ton ca thp, thp c th khng hi t ( Unconverged ) hoc dng sn phm s c nhng tnh cht khng p ng yu cu nu nh thay i iu kin dng nguyn liu vo thp. C cch tip cn khc khai bo thng tin cho thp hoc l thnh phn cu t hoc l thnh phn cc dng sn phm ca thp. M Specs page ca Design tab trong giao din thuc tnh thp nh hnh 13. 11. Bm vo phm Add trong nhm Column Specifications . 131
hi t

Hnh 13.10. Qu trnh tnh ton thp

Ca s Add Specs xut hin nh hnh 13. 12. Chn Column Component Fraction t trong danh sch. Sau bm phm Add Spec(s) pha bn di ca s.

Hnh 13.12. Ca s Add Specs

in cc tham s nh trong hnh 13. 13. Sau ng ca s ny li.

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Trong ca s Monitor page ca giao din thuc tnh thp, mc d va b sung thm t ham s, nhng bc t do ( Degrees of Freedom ) vn bng 0. iu cho thy trn thc t tham s thm vo cha c kch hot. By gi tin hnh b kch hot tham s Ovhd Prod Rate, v kch hot Com Fraction va c b sung, trong trng hp ny l C1 in Overhead nh trong hnh 13.14.

Lu lng sn phm nh thp DC1 Ovhd bng bao nhiu?_____________ Khi thp hi t, c th xem kt qu tnh ton trong Performance tab nh hnh 13.15.
Overhead

Hnh 13.14. Kch hot tham s C1 in

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3. Thit lp bm Bm c s dng vn chuyn sn phm y thp tch metan DC1 sang thp tch etan DC2. Thit lp bm vi cc thng tin sau. Trong ny Connections tab Inlet Outlet Energy Worksheet tab DC2 Feed Pressure 4. Thit lp thp chng luyn tch etan DC2 Thp chng luyn tch etan c m phng trong HYSYS bng thp chng luyn c hi lu nh ( condenser) v un si y thp ( reboiler), tng cng c 16 a, trong thp c 14 a v condenser v reboiler. Thp lm vic p sut 2760 kPa (400 psi). Trong sn phm y t l etan/propan l 0.01. Nhp p vo biu tng Distillation Column trn Object Palette. Nhp cc thng tin sau : 134 2790 kPa (405 psi) DC1 Btm DC2 Feed P-100-HP Nhp thng tin

Trong ny Connections Name No. of Stages Feed Stream/Stage Condenser Type Overhead Vapour Product Overhead Liquid Product Bottom Product Reboiler Duty Condenser Duty Pressures Condenser Condenser Delta P Reboiler Temperature Estimates Condenser Reboiler Specifications Overhead Vapour Rate Distillate Rate Reflux Ratio Bm phm Run thc hin tnh to n.

Nhp thng tin

DC2 14 DC2 Feed/6 Partial DC2 Ovhd DC2 Dist DC2 Btm DC2 Reb Q DC2 Cond Q

2725 kPa (395 psia) 35 kPa (5 psi) 2792 kPa (405 psia)

-4o C (25o F) 95o C (200o F)

320 lbmole/hr)

kgmole/h

(700

0 kgmole/h 2.5 (Molar)

Lu lng C2 v C3 trong sn phm y ca DC2 bng bao nhiu?_____ T s C2/C3 bng bao nhiu?____________________________________

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Trn Specs page, bm phm Add b sung thm tham s mi Column Component Ratio, sau nhp cc thng tin nh sau vo ca s hin th. Trong ny Name Stages Flow Basis Phase Spec Value Numerator Denominator Nhp thng tin C2/C3 Reboiler Mole Fraction Liquid 0.01 Ethane Propane

Trn Monitor tab, khng kch hot Ovhd Vap Rate v chuyn sang kch hot tham s C2/C3 mi c b sung. Lu lng sn nhiu?_______________ 5. Thit lp van Van c s dng lm gim p sut dng sn phm y ca thp tch etan DC2 Btm trc khi a vo thp tch propan cui cng. Nhp cc thng tin sau cho van: Trong ny Connections Feed Stream Product Stream Worksheet DC3 Feed Pressure 6. Thit lp thp chng luyn tch propan 136 1690 kPa (245 psi) DC2 Btm DC3 Feed Nhp thng tin phm nh ca thp DC2 l bao

Thp ch ng luyn tch propan c m phng trong HYSYS bng thp chng luyn c 25 a, trong thp c 24 a v Reboiler. Lu rng trong trng hp ny Condenser ngng t hon ton khng tnh l mt a. p sut l vic trung bnh trong thp l 1620 kPa (235 psi). Thp tch propan c hai sn phm. Sn phm nh c cha khng qu 1.5% mol ca i-C4 v n-C4. Nng propan trong sn phm y phi nh hn 2.0% mol. Nhp cc thng tin cho thp chng luyn tch propan nh trong bng sau. Khi hon thnh, bm phm Run thc hin tnh ton thp. Thp hi t, c kt qu.

Trong ny Connections Name No. of Stages Feed Stream/Stage Condenser Type Overhead Liquid Product Bottom Product Reboiler Duty Condenser Duty Pressures Condenser Condenser Delta P Reboiler Temperature Estimates Condenser Reboiler Specifications 137

Nhp thng tin.

DC3 24 DC32 Feed/11 Total DC3 Dist DC3 Btm DC3 Reb Q DC3 Cond Q

1585 kPa (230 psia) 35 kPa (5 psi) 1655 kPa (240 psia)

38o C (100o F) 120o C (250o F)

Distillate Rate Reflux Ratio

100 lbmole/hr)

kgmole/h

(240

1.0 (Molar)

Phn mol C3 trong sn phm nh v sn phm y bng bao nhiu?_______ Khi to thm hai tham s thnh phn cu t cho thp . Trong ny i-C4 and n-C4 in Distillate Name Stages Flow Basis Phase Spec Value Components C3 in Reboiler Name Stages Flow Basis Phase Spec Value Components C3 Reboiler Mole Fraction Liquid 0.02 C3 i-C4 and n-C4 Condenser Mole Fraction Liquid 0.015 i-C4 and n-C4 Nhp thng tin...

B kch hot Distillate Rate v Reflux Ratio. Kch hot cc tham s i-C4 and n-C4 v C3 mi khi to b sung. 7. Lu vo th mc xc nh Vo File menu Chn Save as t tn file l Separation Column, sau bm phm OK

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13.2. Tm tt v n tp chng 13 Trong phn chng ny thc hin m phng qu trnh chng luyn tng thu hi sn phm lng t kh t nhin (NGL). s dng Absorber trong HYSYS, loi thp chng tch ch c Column v Reboiler m phng thp tch metan. Thp chng luyn tch etan c m phng bng Distillation Column , vi Condenser ngng t mt phn v Reboiler. Thp chng luyn tch propan c m phng bng Distillation Column, vi Condenser ngng t hon ton v Reboiler.

Chng 14 CC BI TP Ni dung Trong chng ny s kim tra s hiu bit v kh nng s dng HYSYS m phng cc qu trnh cng ngh. HYSYS l mt chng trnh m phng c quan h cht ch vi cc qu trnh cng ngh. y l mt chng trnh rt mnh c th s dng gii quyt ton b cc vn lin quan n qu trnh cng ngh. Tuy nhin, khi cung cp cc iu kin khc nhau v cc la chn gii quyt vn , nu khng hiu bit v qu trnh v cc trnh t tin hnh m phng s khng th s dng HYSYS mt cch c hiu qu trong tnh ton qu trnh cng ngh . Mc tiu Sau khi hc xong ngi s dng c th: Thao tc trn cc giao din ca HYSYS v xy dng lu trnh PFD t m t trong ti liu dng vn bn. Nghin cu la chn cc phng n cng ngh trong qu trnh m phng. nh gi tc ng ca cc h nhit ng chn n kt qu m phng. Rt ra mt cch chn lc kt qu tnh ton cc tnh cht vt l t HYSYS. Yu cu Trc khi thc hnh cc bi tp trong chng ny, phi hon thnh tt c bi t p cc chng trc. 139

140

14.1. Bi tp 1. Qu trnh c thit b phn ng v thp tch pha Toluen c sn xut t n-heptan bng phn ng dehydro ho trn xc tc Cr2O3 theo phn ng sau: CH3CH2 CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 C6 H5 CH3 + 4H2 Ban u n-heptan c gia nhit t 65 ln 800 oF trong thit b gia nhit. Sau c a vo thp phn ng c xc tc vn hnh trong iu kin ng nhit v chuyn ho 15% mol n-heptan thnh toluen. Sn phm ra khi thit b phn ng c lm mt xung 65 oF v dn vo thp tch pha. Ton b dy chuyn cng ngh lm vic p sut kh quyn, xc nh lu lng ca cc dng. Trnh t m phng 1. Khi ng HYSYS v m File/New/Case 2. Giao din Simulation Basis Manager xut hin. M Fluid Package tab . Bm phm Add. Chn Peng-Robinson . ng ca s. 3. M Component page v Add: toluene, n-heptane, v hydrogene. ng ca s. 4. Bm phm Enter Simulation Environment bn di giao din Simulation Basis Manager. 5. Bm vo biu tng Heater trong Object Palette v sau bm vo Process Flow Diagram (PFD) . Bm vo biu tng General Reactor, s xut hin bn loi Reactor khc nhau, chn Conversion Reactor v bm vo PFD. Tng t vi Cooler v Separator. 6. t tn cc dng vo v cc dng ra v cc thit b ca ton b qu trnh nh trong hnh 14.1.

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Hnh 14.1. S PFD ban u

7. Lu rng Reactor c mu vi dng thng bo Need Reaction Set . Bm vo Flowsheet trn thanh cng c, chn Reaction Package trong danh sch th xung. Add Global Rxn Set . Sau bm Add Rxn v chn Conversion . Add components (n-heptane, toluene, hydrogen) v h s t lng tng ng ( -1, 1, 4). Chuyn sang Basis tab v nhp gi tr 15 vo Co (y l chuyn ho). ng ca s, tr v mn hnh PFD. 8. Nhp p vo Reactor. M Reaction tab trong giao din thuc tnh ca Reactor. Chn Global Reaction Set vo Reaction Set. ng ca s. 9. M Worksheet , nhp cc iu kin bit cho cc dng. Lu rng ch v s c mu xanh l cc gi tr c ngi s dng khai bo. Nu cung cp nhiu hn tham s yu cu, th s xut hin thng bo li. 14.2. Bi tp 2. Ci tin qu trnh ca bi tp 1 T kt qu tnh ton ca bi tp 1 nhn thy rng nhit lm mt c gi tr tng ng nhit un nng. Nh vy c th lm gim nng lng gia nhit dng nguyn liu u bng cch tn dng nhit ca dng sn phm. Tin hnh ci tin quy trnh bng cch thm thit b trao i nhit. Trnh t thc hin trong PFD: 1. Bm vo Heater trong PFD v thay i tn ca dng thnh Pre-Heat. ng ca s. 2. Bm vo dng R-Prod trong PFD. Worksheet dng ra s xut hin. i tn dng thnh R-Prod1. 3. Bm vo Cooler trong PFD v i tn dng thnh R-Prod2. 4. Thit lp thit b trao i nhit v t tn l Pre-Heater, vi cc dng Feed v Pre-Heat l dng vo v dng ra tube-side, cc dng R-Prod1 v RProd2 l dng vo v dng ra shell-side. M Parameter page. Khai bo gi tr Delta P bng 0 cho c tube side v shell side. Chn Model Weighted Exchanger. ng ca s. 5. Cn phi xc nh thm mt tham s na. M Worksheet v thay i nhit ca dng Pre-Heat thnh 600o F. 6. C th thay i nhit ny xem nh hng ca n ti Heat Duty v UA. Tng nhit Pre-Heat c th lm gim H-Duty, nhng nu tng UA, c ngha l cn lng nhit ln hn vi cng din tch b mt trao i nhit . R rng s c gii hn trn i vi Pre-Heater nh th no l tt cho 142

qu trnh trao i nhit ny. C th thy c iu ny bng cch thay i nhit v ghi li s thay i ca cc thng s khc. iu ny c th thc hin c bng cch s dng Databook, trnh t theo cc bc sau: a. M Tools/Databook. Bm vo phm Insert v chn Pre-Heat trong Object, chn Temperature trong Variable v bm phm Add. Lm tng t cho Heat-Duty trong Object, chn Heat Flow trong Variable v bm phm Add. Tng t chn Heat Exch trong Object, chn UA trong Variable v bm phm Add. ng ca s. b. Chuyn sang Case Studies v bm phm Add. Chn Ind (Independent Variable) cho Pre-Heat v chn Dep (Dependent Variable) cho HeatDuty v Heat Exch . Bm phm View. Nhp gi tr 500 cho Low Bound, 620 cho High Bound, v 10 cho Step Size. c. Bm Start. Sau vi giy bm vo Results xem kt qu.

Hnh 14.2. Giao din PFD ci tin

14.3. Bi tp 3. Qu trnh c s dng cng c logic Recycle Etyl clorua c sn sut t HCl v etylen, phn ng thc hin trong pha kh trn xc tc clorua ng mang trn silica: C2 H4 + HCl C2 H5 Cl Dng nguyn liu c thnh phn gm 50 % mol HCl, 48% mol C2H4 , v 2% mol N2 vi lu lng dng 100 kmol/h, nhit 25 oC, v p sut 1 atm. Phn ng t chuyn ho 90% mol, etyl clorua c tch khi hn hp kh cha phn ng, v sau c tun hon li. Qu trnh tch sn phm s dng thp chng luyn, gi nh l qu trnh tch trit . Qu trnh tin hnh p sut kh quyn, v gim p c b qua. ngn nga s tch t ca kh tr trong h thng, dng kh 143

thi W c lu lng l 10 kmol/h. nh gi nh hng ca lu lng dng kh thi W n dng tun hon R v thnh phn hn hp kh phn ng. Trnh t m phng y l hng dn ngn. S kh hiu nu cha hon thnh cc phn trc. 1. Khi ng HYSYS, chn Peng Robinson EOS cho Fluid Package. M Component tab chn components ( ethylene hoc ethene), hydrogen_chloride, ethyl_chloride, v nitrogen). ng ca s. 2. Bm phm Enter Simulation Environment. Chn Mixer trong Object Palette v a vo Process Flow Diagram (PFD) . Lm tng t vi Conversion Reactor, Component Splitter, Tee, v Recycle nh trn hnh 14.3. 3. t tn tt c cc dng nh trn hnh 14.3. 4. Bm Flowsheet/Reaction Package . Add Global Rxn Set . Sau bm phm Add Rxn, v chn Conversion . Add Components (ethylene, hydrogen_chloride, v ethyl_chloride) v Stoich Coeff (-1, -1, 1). Chuyn sang Basis tab, v nhp gi tr 90 cho Co vi Ethylene l cu t c bn (basis). ng ca s. Tr v giao din Reaction Package, bm phm Add Set. ng ca s. Tr v PFD. 5. Nhp p vo Conversion Reactor . Chn Global Rxn Set trong Reaction Set. ng ca s. 6. Nhp p vo Recycle v t cc tham s trong Parameter/Tolerance tt c bng 1. 7. Trong u bi gi s rng qu trnh tch l trit , ethyl_chloride thu c trong sn phm y thp c tinh khit 100%, cn ba cu t khc trong sn phm nh thp. Trong trng hp ny s s dng Component Splitter. khai bo thng tin ny, nhp p vo Component Splitter chn Splits page ca Design tab, in gi tr 0 cho ClC2 v 1 cho ba cu t cn li. 8. M Workbook . Kim tra h n v o ang hin th l h n v SI. Nu khng, c th thay i h n v o bng cch bm vo Tools/Preferences/Variables . Chn h SI, bm phm Clone v thay i cc n v trong h nu thy cn thit thun tin cho vic tnh ton.

144

9. in vo Workbook cc iu kin u bi cho, bt u t Feed Stream : temperature (25 oC), pressure (1 atm), v molar flow (100 kgmole/hr) . Nhp p vo 100 (molar flow rate), in thnh phn cc cu t. ng ca s. 10. Tip tc in vo Workbook dng R* c lu lng dng bng 0, cc iu kin v thnh phn cu t nh dng nguyn liu feed, khi ng tnh ton qu trnh. in cc gi tr temperature (25o C) cho cc dng S3, S4, v P. in gi tr pressure (1 atm) cho cc dng S4 and P. 11. Khai bo gi tr molar flow rate cho dng W l 10 kgmole/hr. 12. By gi c th m Workbook c kt qu tnh ton.
R

R *

Hnh 14.3. PFD qu trnh sn xut etyl clorua t etylen v HCl

14.4. Bi tp 4 . Sn xut etylen oxit Qu trnh sn xut etylen oxit c thc hin theo cc bc sau: Dng nguyn liu bao gm kh etylen (63 % mol) v O2 tinh khit (37 % mol) 20 C v 303 kPa, c a vo h thng thit b phn ng oxi h o vi lu lng dng l 120 kmol/h cng vi dng hi lu kh/dng hi (c xc nh bi HYSYS). Phn ng c tin hnh vi xc tc rn v trong iu kin ng nhit 145
o

230oC. Dng nguyn liu phi c gia nhit pre-heated ti 230oC trc khi a vo thit b phn ng oxi ho. Phn ng c tnh chn lc kh cao, nhng li i kem vi phn ng ph t chy etylen trn xc tc. H s t lng ca cc phn ng nh sau: Phn ng chn lc Phn ng ph C2 H4 + 0,5O2 C2 H4 O C2 H 4 + 3O2 2CO2 + 2H2 O

Trong phn ng chn lc, oxy l cht phn ng chnh ( key reactant ) c s xc nh chuyn ho, l 80%, trong khi phn ng ph th chuyn h o ca oxy ch c 19%. gim p trong thit b phn ng l 70 kPa. Dng sn phm nng c lm lnh ti -1o C (trong thc t s chnh lch nhit rt ln nh th ny ch c th c c bng cch trao i trc tip, tc l bng h thng ti). gim p ti Condenser l 50 kPa. Vi iu kin nh vy, dng sn phm c phn hi ( vapour fraction) l 0.8 v bt u c thu hi bng cch ngng t etylen oxit . Dng sn phm lnh c a ti thp tch 3-phase separator v pha lng nhe c tch ra khi cht lng nng v pha hi. HYSYS thng nc trong pha lng nng, cn cc dng khc khng c nc. Pha hi giu etylen nhng vn cha mt t etylen oxit. V vy hi d ny s c tip tc lm lnh ti 30o C lm gim phn hi ( gim p khi qua lm lnh l 10 kPa) v dng lnh c dn ti thp tch 2 phase separator (flash drum). Dng lng giu etylen oxit c trn vi dng hu c -nc ( organic-aqueous) t y thp tch 3-phase separator (p sut ca dng tng ly theo dng c p sut thp nht) v hn hp c a ti thp chng luyn. Thp chng luyn c ngng t mt phn ( Partial Condenser ) v sn phm l dng etylen oxit tinh khit (>99% mol). Dng hi t nh thp tch hai pha ( flash drum) c qua van iu chnh gim ti 101 kPa trc khi a ti Component Splitter (l thp m c m alumina c bit hp ph CO 2 /O2 t dng kh, cn ethylene v ethylene oxide khng b hp ph s tip tc c dn i. Trong thc t thit b ny l thp hp ph c van xoay, ti CO2/O2 c ra sch khi nh hp ph nhit cao v p sut thp). Dng kh hu c giu etylen c nn ti 303 kPa v c tun hon li trn vi dng nguyn liu phn ng. Trong HYSYS yu cu s dng cng c Recycle m phng qu trnh c tun hon hn hp kh cha phn ng. Cng c ny s tnh ton lu lng dng tun hon. Thng thng khi Recycle c ci t, ban u lu

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lng dng bng 0 v cha bit. Sau HYSYS s tnh ton gi tr chnh xc bng php tnh lp. Thc hin m phng S dng HYSYS to flowsheet m phng qu trnh. i vi bi tp ny s dng cc thng tin sau kt hp vi cc thng tin c cung cp trn: 1. S dng NRTL activity model cho pha lng v SRK EOS cho pha hi. 2. S dng Conversion Reactor trong HYSYS m phng 3. Column c partial condenser v 12 a, a tip liu l a th 6. 4. Column c p sut condenser 101 kPa v reboiler 160 kPa . 5. Tnh ton thp theo phng php ln lt theo tng a, khai bo cc tham s ban u nh sau: a. Ton b nc trong sn phm lng ( mole fraction bng 1) b. Trong sn phm lng nh thp c 90% etylen oxit (0.9 mol frac). y l sn phm chnh ca cng ngh. c. Trong sn phm kh nh thp c 90% etylen (0.90 mol frac). Kim tra chc chn rng degree of freedom bng 0. 6. Vi component splitter, s dng cc thng tin sau: a. Overhead Pressure 101 kPa b. Overhead Vapor fraction 1 c. Bottoms Pressure 101 kPa d. Bottoms Vapor fraction 1. 7. Vi Recycle, flowrate ban u bng 0. HYSYS s tnh ton gi tr chnh xc bng php tnh lp. 8. M Workbook c kt qu tnh ton. 14.5. Bi tp 5. Chng ct Chng tch hn hp c 5 paraffin thnh phn on nhe v phn on nng bng cch s dng thp chng c 12 a l thuyt, ngng t hi lu hon ton, v c reboiler. Dng nguyn liu c lu lng 1000 lbmol/h, cha (%mol) 3% etan, 20% propan, 37% n-butan, 35% n-pentan, v 5% n-hexan, 225 o F v 250 psi, c a vo thp chng ti a s 7 tnh t trn nh xung. p sut condenser l 248 psi, p 147

sut reboiler l 252 psi. Tnh ton s b yu cu t s hi lu l 6 , 06 v sn phm hi nh thp l 226 lbmol/h. Yu cu trong sn phm nh propan 191 lbmol/h, trong sn phm y butan 365 lbmol/h. Thc hin m phng 1. Khi ng HYSYS v chn SRK cho Fluid Package. M ca s Component v nhp cc cu t. ng ca s Fluid Package. 2. Bm phm Enter Simulation Environment v chn Distillation Column trong Object Palette v a vo Process Flow Diagram (PFD). Nhp p vo Distillation Column, v in tn cc dng nng lng Condenser l C-Duty, nng lng Reboiler l R-Duty, cho dng nguyn liu l F, cho dng Distillate l D v cho dng Bottom l B. in s a l 12, a np liu l a 7. Chn Condenser type l Full Reflux. Bm phm Next>. 3. in p sut Condenser v Reboiler nh u bi cho. Bm Next>. 4. in nhit gi nh cho Condenser l 100o F, cho Reboiler l 240oF, HYSYS s tnh ton gi tr nhit chnh xc. Bm phm Next>. 5. in gi tr u bi cho Vapour Rate l 226 lbmole/h v Reflux Ratio l 6.06. Bm phm Done. 6. Chuyn sang Worksheet tab v in gi tr tham s ca dng F nh u bi cho. ng ca s ny li. 7. Nhp p vo biu tng thp chng trong PFD. Bm phm Run. Nu cc bc trn thc hin ng thp s hi t. c kt qu tnh ton. 8. Trong u bi yu cu bo m thu hi propan trong sn phm nh phi l 191 lbmole/h v butan trong sn phm y l 365 lbmole/h. By gi m Monitor page v bm phm Add Spec pha di ca s. Chn Column Component Flow v in gi tr cho dng sn phm nh D vo ca s hin th. ng ca s. Lp li tng t cho dng sn phm y B. 9. Sau khi thm cc tham s cho dng, danh sch cc tham s c kch hot c cp nht trong Monitor page, hai tham s mi c kch hot v hai tham s khc c b kch hot, m bo bc t do bng 0. 10. M Workbook c kt qu tnh ton.

GI I NGH A M T S CM T TING ANH


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TRONG M PHNG
Binary Interaction Parameters (BIP) - H s tng tc bc hai Case tn gi chung mt bi m phng . Case Studies cng c c s dng nghin cu cc thng s cng ngh, cc tnh cht ca dng nguyn liu, Converged hi t, thng bo cho bit qu trnh tnh ton hon thnh . Databook bng tm tt cc d liu . Dynamic Modelling m phng ng, m phng thit b hoc cng ngh ang trong qu trnh vn hnh lin tc c s thay i ca cc thng s cng ngh theo thi gian. Flowsheet lu trnh, biu din s cng ngh c m phng trong PFD. Fluid Package h nhit ng. Heat Exchanger Design (End Point Model ) M hnh thit k m phng thit b trao i nhit tuyn tnh, U = const, C p = const. Heat Exchanger Design (Weighted Model) M hnh thit k m phng thit b trao i nhit phi tuyn, ngc chiu. Heat Exchanger Duty Q = UADT LMFt Nhit nng trao i trong thit b trao i nhit c tnh theo cng thc, trong : U Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient - h s truyn nhit chung; A Surface Area available for Heat Transfer - din tch b mt truyn nhit ; UA the proportionality factor - tch s UA l h s t l (h s trao i nhit) ; DTLM log mean temperature difference (LMTD) - logarit chnh lch nhit . Ft LMTD correction factor - h s hiu chnh . Hypothetical Component cu t gi c xy dng theo cc gi thit . Object Palette bng c biu tng cc cng c m phng . Process Flow Diagram (PFD) s cng ngh c m phng trong mi trng m ph ng. Pressure Drop gim p . Reactor Continuously Stirred Tank (CSTR) thit b phn ng khuy lin tc (thit b phn ng khuy l tng) . Reactor Plug Flow (PFR) thit b phn ng dng (thit b phn ng y l tng) . 149

Simulation Basis Manager Giao din qun l c s m phng, c s dng khi la chn cu t, h nhit ng, h phn ng, n v o . Simulation Enviroment mi trng thc hin m phng PFD . Steady State Modelling m phng tnh, nghin cu m phng qu trnh cng ngh . Subflowsheet lu trnh con (ca thp chng luyn hoc thp hp th) . Water Gas Shift (WGS) phn ng chuyn ho CO thnh CO2 bng hi nc. Workbook bng tm tt cc tham s ca dng (tng t Worksheet) . Worksheet bng tm tt cc tham s ca dng (tng t W orkbook).

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TI LIU THAM KHO


1. Elliott and Lira. Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics . Prentice Hall, 1999. 2. R. Perry, Engineers Handbook of Chemical Engineering, Mc. Graw-Hill Book Company Inc, 1999, 2005. 3. Buckley P. S., Luyben W. L., Shunta J. P. Design of distillation column control . Edward Arnold, Instrument Society of America, USA, 1985. 4. Coker A. K. Modeling of Chemical Kinetics and Reactor Design . Boston, Gulf Professional Publishing, 2001. 5. Luyben W. L. Process Modeling, Simulation and Control for Chemical Engineers. Mc. Graw Hill, 1990. 6. Hysys Steady State Modeling Documents. 7. Mohd Kamarudin Abd Hamid. Hysys: An Introduction to Chemical Engineering Simulation. Jonor, Malaysia 2007.

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