10 2. THIT K KIN TRC NH MY CP NC 2.1. Khi nim chung v cp nc th 2.1.1. H thng cp nc th H thng cp nc th (HTCN) l tp hp cc cng trnh k thut dng thu, x l, d tr, iu ha, vn chuyn v phn phi nc n cc i tng s dng. H thng ny bao gm: 1) Cng trnh thu nc: Dng thu nc ngun (nc mt, nc ngm); 2) Trm bm cp 1: Dng chuyn nc t Cng trnh thu nc n TXL; 3) Trm x l: Dng lm sch nc cp theo tiu chun quy nh; 4) Cc b cha nc sch: Dng cha nc lm sch, d tr nc cha chy v iu ha p lc gia cc trm x l (trm bm 1 v 2); 5) Trm bm cp 2: Dng bm nc t b cha nc sch ln i hoc vo mng phn phi cung cp cho cc i tng s dng; 6) i nc: Dng d tr nc, iu ha p lc cho mng gia cc gi dng nc khc nhau; 7) ng ng truyn ti: Dng vn chuyn nc t trm bm cp 2 n im u tin ca mng li phn phi nc; 8) Mng li phn phi nc: Dng vn chuyn v phn phi nc trc tip n cc i tng s dng. Ty theo yu cu v cht lng nc, yu cu v cc ch tiu kinh t k thut v ty theo iu kin t nhin tng ni, ngi ta c th: - T hp cc cng trnh li vi nhau, v d: t hp cng trnh thu nc vi trm bm 1, hoc c cng trnh thu nc, trm bm 1, trm bm 2 thnh mt khi; - Bt mt s cng trnh nh b bt trm bm 2 v trm x l nu chn c ngun nc tt, c th cp thng cho i tng s dng m khng cn x l; - C th khng cn i nc nu h thng cp nc c cng sut ln, ngun in lun bo m v trm bm cp 2 s dng loi bm ly tm iu khin t ng...
Hnh 2.1. S HTCN s dng nc mt
Hnh 2.2. S HTCN s dng nc ngm
11
Hnh 2.3. S HTCN s dng nhiu ngun hn hp 2.1.2. Yu cu v tiu chun v cp nc th 2.1.2.1. Yu cu a. Quy hoch cp nc th cn m bo cc yu cu sau: - Xc nh c tiu chun v nhu cu cp nc cho th theo bc tin cy cp nc ca tng giai on; - La chn ngun nc hp l; - La chn c quy m v a im xy dng cc cng trnh u mi; - Xc nh c cng ngh x l nc. b. Cc cng trnh u mi cp nc cn xc nh c: - Trm bm ging (nu l ngun nc ngm): S lng ging, cc thng s k thut, bin php ci to nng cng sut cc cng trnh c. - Trm bm cp I (nu l ngun nc mt): Cc thng s k thut, bin php ci to nng cng sut cc cng trnh c. Cng trnh thu nc mt phi pha trn dng chy so vi th, KCN, khu dn c tp trung. - Cng trnh x l cn m bo: u dng nc so vi khu dn c v khu vc sn xut; Thu c lng nc tha mn yu cu trc mt v trong tng lai, c cht lng nc tt v thun tin cho vic t chc bo v, v sinh ngun nc; Phi ch c b, lng sng n nh, t b xi l bi p v thay i dng nc, ch c iu kin a cht cng trnh tt v trnh c nh hng ca cc hin tng thu vn khc nh: sng, thu triu... - Cung cp in nng cho cc cng trnh u mi: Cn xc nh ngun, tnh ton xy dng cc trm bin p ring cp in cho cc trm bm ging, trm bm cp I v trm x l. - Khu vc bo v nh my, trm cp nc: Trong phm vi 30m k t chn tng cc cng trnh x l phi xy tng ro bo v bao quanh khu vc x l nc.
12 Bn trong tng ro ny khng c xy dng nh , cng trnh vui chi, sinh hot, v sinh, khng c bn phn cho cy trng v chn nui sc vt. 4
c. Din tch ti thiu khu t xy dng trm x l nc xc nh theo bng sau: Bng 2.1. Din tch ti thiu khu t xy dng trm x l nc Cng sut trm x l (1.000 m3/ng) Din tch ti thiu khu t (ha) 1 0,5 T 15 0,5 T >510 1,0 T >1030 2,0 T >3060 3,0 T >60120 4,0 T >120250 5,0 T >250400 7,0 T >400800 9,0 T >8001.200 13,0 T 1.200 tr ln 16,0 Ngun: QCVN: 01/2008/BXD Quy chun k thut Quc gia v QHXD, Bng 5.4. d. Cp nc cha chy: Lu lng v s lng cc m chy ng thi cn c tnh ton ph hp vi quy m th. Lu lng nc cp cho mt m chy phi m bo 15l/s; s lng m chy ng thi cn c tnh ton 2; p lc t do trong mng li cp nc cha chy phi m bo 10m. Phi tn dng cc sng h, ao d tr nc cha chy; phi m bo c lng nc d tr ti mi thi im v c ng cho xe cha chy ti ly nc. Chiu su mt nc so vi mt t 4m v chiu dy lp nc 0,5m. Trn mng ng cp nc th, dc theo cc ng ph phi b tr cc hng ly nc cha chy (tr ni hoc hng ngm di mt t). Hng cha chy phi c b tr ni thun tin cho vic ly nc cha chy nh: ng ba, ng t ng ph. ng knh ng dn nc cha chy ngoi nh phi khng nh hn 100mm. Quy nh v khong cch gia cc hng ly nc cha chy nh sau: - Khong cch ti a gia cc hng: ti khu trung tm th loi c bit, loi I v loi II, khu c mt dn c cao l 150m; ti cc khu vc khc l 150m. - Khong cch ti thiu gia hng v tng cc ngi nh l 5m. - Khong cch ti a gia hng v mp ng (trng hp hng c b tr bn ng, khng nm di lng ng) l 2,5m. 2.1.2.2. Tiu chun cp nc th a. Nhu cu dng nc cho QHC cp nc th nh sau: - Nc sinh hot cho dn c v khch vng lai. Nhu cu cp nc sinh hot ca dn c ngoi thnh v khch vng lai phi m bo ti thiu 80% ch tiu cp
4 Mc 5.3.1. Chng V. Quy chun QHXD Vit Nam 01:2008/BXD
13 nc sinh hot th tng ng. Ch tiu cp nc sinh hot th phi m bo cc quy nh theo Bng 2.2. - i vi khu dn c ch ly nc cc vi cng cng, yu cu v cp nc sinh hot l 40 lt/ngi-ng. - Cc ch tiu cp nc khc theo Bng 2.3. Bng 2.2. Ch tiu cp nc sinh hot th Loi th Nhu cu dng nc t u (10 nm) Di hn (20 nm) T l cp nc (% dn s) Tiu chun (lt/ngi-ng) T l cp nc (% dn s) Tiu chun (lt/ngi-ng) c bit 90 180 100 200 I 80 150 90 180 II 80 120 90 150 III, IV, V 80 80 90 100 Ngun: QCVN: 01/2008/BXD Quy chun k thut Quc gia v QHXD, Bng 5.2. Bng 2.3. Cc ch tiu cp nc khc cho QHC cp nc th Hng mc cp nc K hiu n v tnh Ch tiu Nc sinh hot Nsh lt/ngi-ng Theo Bng 2.2 Nc cho cc CTCC, dch v Ncc % Nsh 10 Nc ti cy, ra ng Nxp % Nsh 8 Nc cho sn xut nh, TTCN Nttcn % Nsh 8 Nc cho cc KCN tp trung Nkcn ha-ng Xc nh theo loi hnh cng nghip, m bo 40m3/ha-ng cho ti thiu 60% din tch Nc d phng, r r Ndp % (Nsh + Ncc + Nxp + Nttcn + Nkcn + Nch) H thng nng cp ci to: 20%, H thng xy mi: 15% Nc cho bn thn khu x l Nbt % (Nsh + Ncc + Nxp + Nttcn + Nkcn+Nch+Ndp) 4 Ngun: QCVN: 01/2008/BXD Quy chun k thut Quc gia v QHXD, Mc 5.3.1. b. Nhu cu dng nc cho QHCT cp nc cc khu chc nng th nh sau: Bng 2.4. Cc ch tiu cp nc cho QHCT cp nc th Hng mc cp nc n v tnh Ch tiu Nc sinh hot lt/ngi-ng Theo Bng 2.2 Nc cho cc CTCC, dch v lt/m2 sn-ng. 2 (ty theo tnh cht c th ca cng trnh) Nc trng hc lt/hc sinh-ng 20 Nc trng mu gio, mm non lt/chu-ng 100 Nc ti vn hoa, cng vin lt/m2-ng 3 Nc ra ng lt/m2-ng 0,5 Ngun: QCVN: 01/2008/BXD Quy chun k thut Quc gia v QHXD, Mc 5.3.2. c. Bc tin cy ca h thng cp nc nh sau:
14 Bng 2.5. Bc tin cy ca h thng cp nc TT c im h dng nc Bc tin cy 1 Cc x nghip luyn kim, ch bin du la, cng nghip ho hc, nh my in, h thng cp nc sinh hot ca im dn c trn 50.000 ngi, c php gim lu lng cp nc khng qu 30% lu lng tnh ton trong 3 ngy v ngng cp nc khng qu 10 pht I 2 Cc x nghip khai thc m, ch to c kh v cc loi cng nghip khc, h thng cp nc sinh hot ca im dn c n 50.000 ngi c php gim lu lng nc cp khng qu 30% lu lng trong 10 ngy hoc ngng cp nc trong 6 gi. II 3 Cc x nghip cng nghip nh, h thng ti nng nghip, h thng cp nc ca khu cng nghip c php gim lu lng cp nc khng qu 30% trong 15 ngy v ngng cp nc trong 1 ngy. III Ngun: QCVN: 01/2008/BXD Quy chun k thut Quc gia v QHXD, Bng 5.3. 2.2. Cc c s QH, thit k kin trc nh my cp nc 2.2.1. Cc phng php x l nc Qu trnh x l nc bao gm: lm trong v kh mu, kh st hay cc cht c hi khc v cc x l c bit khc nh lm mm, lm ngui, kh mui, Cc qu trnh x l trn c thc hin theo cc phng php sau: - Phng php c hc: Song v li chn rc, lng t nhin, lc qua li; - Phng php l hc: Kh trng bng tia t ngoi, lm ngui nc; - Phng php ha hc: Keo t bng phn, kh trng clo, lm mm bng vi. Ty thuc vo cht lng ngun nc v yu cu cht lng nc cp m xc nh phng php v dy chuyn cng ngh x l nc ph hp. 2.2.2. Cc dy chuyn cng ngh x l nc a. S cng ngh khng dng ha cht keo t, dng b lc chm: p dng cho ngun nc c hm lng cn l lng 50mg/l, mu 500coban, cng sut trm 1.000m3/ng, c qun l th cng hay c gii. V nguyn tc khng kh c mu.
Hnh 2.4. S cng ngh khng dng ha cht keo t b. S cng ngh dng ha cht keo t: b1. S dng ha cht c bn: p dng cho ngun nc c hm lng cn l lng v mu bt k, cng sut trm thng 20.000m3/ng vi cc mc c gii ha khc nhau hay c th t ng hon ton. b2. S dng b trn v b lc tip xc: p dng cho ngun nc c hm lng cn l lng 150mg/l, mu 1500coban, cng sut trm bt k.
15
Hnh 2.5. S cng ngh s dng ha cht c bn
Hnh 2.6. S cng ngh s dng b trn ng v b lc tip xc c. S cng ngh x l nc ngm: c1. Kh st bng lm thong n gin v lc nhanh: Ngun nc c hm lng st 15mg/l, mu 150coban, oxi ha [0,15(Fe2+).5] mmg/l O2, NH4 <1mg/l, PH sau lm thong 6,8, kim cn li trong nc > (1+Fe2+/28) mgl/l. c2. Gin ma-lng tip xc-lc: p dng cho ngun nc c hm lng C Fe 25mg/l, nc sau lm thong c PH 6,8; Ki 2mgl/l; H 2 S <0,2mg/l; NH 4 <1mg/l, cng sut trm bt k. c3. Thng qut gi-lng tip xc-lc: p dng cho trm x l cng sut ln v ngun nc c hm lng st cao.
Hnh 2.7. S cng ngh kh st bng lm thong n gin v lc nhanh
Hnh 2.8. S cng ngh kh st bng lm thong, lng tip xc v lc
Hnh 2.9. S cng ngh kh st bng thng qut gi, lng tip xc v lc 2.3. Cc b phn chc nng trong NMCN v nguyn tc b tr, thit k 2.3.1. Khu vc trc nh my y l ni b tr cng ra vo, cc cng trnh hnh chnh qun l, dch v cng cng (nh n, th thao,), ch xe (gara) cho ngi lao ng v khch n giao
16 dch, kt hp vi h thng cy xanh cnh quan. B phn kim tra, xt nghim, th nghim, lu mu nc, cng c th c b tr chung ti y. Khu vc ny c t hp v khng gian kin trc vi vai tr l b mt ca NM, mang tnh i ngoi v ng gp vo cnh quan chung ca khu vc, thng c b tr u hng gi ch o v tip cn thun tin vi giao thng ng b bn ngoi nh my. 2.3.2. Khu vc sn xut - x l Khu vc sn xut- x l bao gm: 1) Khu vc x l nc; 2) Cc b cha nc sch; 3) Trm bm cp 2. Ty thuc vo v tr ngun nc m trong nh my c th c thm: Cng trnh thu nc (nc ngm), trm bm cp I hay i nc. 2.3.2.1. Khu vc x l nc y l b phn chc nng chnh v quan trng nht ca NMCN. Bao gm: a. Cng trnh x l nc (b trn, b lc, b phn ng, gin ma,): Vic xc nh cc hng mc trong cng trnh, quy m v b tr hon ton ty thuc vo dy chuyn cng ngh. NMCN c cng sut 3.000m3/ng phi c ti thiu 2 cng trnh n v (modul x l) m bo cp nc lin tc v phi c h thng x l thu hi s dng li nc x cn b lng, nc ra cc b lc. Chim din tch ln nht trong khu vc ny l cc b x l nc th (b phn ng, b keo t, b lng, b lc), thng kiu na ngm hay ni, c hnh lang cng tc bn trn (vi lan can cao 0,8m bao quanh), c hoc khng c mi che. b. B phn iu khin: y l b phn iu khin v kim sot ton b qu trnh x l nc, bao gm cc phng iu khin, kim tra kim sot v phng chuyn mn. i vi nhng dy chuyn cng ngh c mc t ng ha cao, b phn ny c th c b tr trong nh hnh chnh, qun l. Hnh 2.10. Cu to b lng ngang (1) ng dn nc t b phn ng sang (2) Mng phn phi nc (3) Vch phn phi u b (4) Vng lng (5) Vng cha cn (6) Vch ngn thu nc cui b (7) Mng thu nc (8) ng dn nc sang b lc (9) ng x cn
17
Hnh 2.11. Cu to b lng ng
(1) Ngn phn ng xoy (2) Vng lng (3) Vng cha cn (4) ng dn nc t b trn ti (5) Vi phun (6) Mng thu (7) ng dn nc sang b lc (8) ng x cn
Hnh 2.12. Cu to b lng ly tm
1. ng dn nc t b trn ti 2. Mng thu nc 3. Cnh gt bn bng cao su 4. H thng co bn 5. ng dn nc sang b lc 6. ng x cn
Hnh 2.13. Cu to b lc nhanh trng lc 1. ng dn nc vo 2. Mng dn nc 3. Mng phn phi ph 4. Vt liu lc 5. Vt liu 6. Tm an c khe l vt liu lc 7. ng dn nc sang b cha nc sch 8. ng ng cp nc ra b lc 9. ng ra nc x lc. 10. Van x nc lc u 11. Ca qun l. 12. Hm thu nc 13.ng cp gi ra lc
18 c. B phn th nghim: y l b phn xt nghim, th nghim cc mu nc nhm a ra cc yu cu, quy nh hay quy trnh cho b phn iu khin v x l nc, bao gm cc phng xt nghim, th nghim, cc phng chuyn mn nghip v (ha, l), k thut cng ngh, lu mu nc, B phn ny c th c b tr trong nh hnh chnh, qun l. d. Cc kho ha cht, vt liu, phc v cho x l nc c b tr tch ri hay gn vi cng trnh x l nc thun tin cho vic s dng. Mt bng v kt cu kho thng n gin, d xy dng nhng phi m bo an ton khi cha cc ha cht theo quy nh trong TCXD66:1991: Vn hnh khai thc h thng cp thot nc - Yu cu an ton. Trong NMCN c nhiu moul (n v) x l nc th kho c th c b tr phn tn theo tng moul, theo tng nhm 2-3 moul (ph hp vi vic xy dng v vn hnh theo tng giai on) hay tp trung li thnh mt khu vc ring. Cc vt liu x l nc (ct, si,) v ha cht thng thng c ng trong bao, ch ti kho bng xe ti thng thng. Ring Clo lng c cha trong bnh p lc, vn chuyn bng xe chuyn dng. Vic vn chuyn, lu tr, s dng Clo tun th cc quy nh trong Phn 8. TCXD66:1991: Vn hnh khai thc h thng cp thot nc - Yu cu an ton. Kho bnh Clo phi l cng trnh bit lp, mt tng, khng c trn, c h thng thng gi ht (ming ht phi t st sn, ming x nhn chm trong b trung ho), cng tc in t pha ngoi, nhit khng kh trong kho khng c vt qu 35 0 C. Kho phi lm bng vt liu khng chy. Quanh kho phi c tng ro bo v. Khong cch cho php t kho / ni s dng Clo n nh xng / nh nh sau: Bng 2.6. Khong cch an ton ca kho hoc ni s dng Clo Sc cha ca kho (tn) 1 1-2 2-5 5-25 25-50 50-75 Khong cch ti thiu cho php (m) 12 25 50 150 250 300 Ngun: Bng 1. TCXD66:1991: Vn hnh khai thc h thng cp thot nc - Yu cu an ton. e. Cc phng phc v ngi lao ng: Bao gm phng ngh cng nhn, phng thay qun o, v sinh, c b tr tch ri hay gn lin vi cc b phn khc. Cc cng trnh chnh trong dy chuyn cng ngh x l nc phi bng b tng ct thp, tui th ca cng trnh l 100 nm. Phi u tin din tch b tr cc cng trnh chnh theo hng t chy t cng trnh u tin ti b cha nc sch. 2.3.2.2. Cc b cha nc sch Nc sau x l c cha cc b cha nc sch. Dung tch cc b cha tnh ton theo cng sut v yu cu phc v ca NMCN. B cha nc thng hnh ch nht, dng na ngm v c np. B c cng sut 2.000m3 c th xy trn. B cha 100m3 phi bng BTCT, thp lp ghp hay composite. B <100m3 c php xy bng gch.
19 NMCN c cng sut 30.000m3 phi c ngn cha nc ra lc cha qua kh trng. Trong b cha phi c cc vch ngn to dng nc chy vng vi thi gian lu nc phi ln hn 30 pht, thi gian tip xc cn thit cho vic kh trng. 2.3.2.3. Trm bm cp 2 Trm bm cp 2 dng bm nc t cc b cha nc sch ti MLCN. Trong trm bm cp 2 b tr bm nc sinh hot, sn xut, bm nc cha chy v c th c bm ra lc, my gi ra lc. Mi nhm bm phi c bm d phng. Nu bm cha chy v bm nc sinh hot cng loi th bm d phng c chn chung cho c hai nhm bm. Cc trm bm cp 2 thng t trn mt t, c hnh dng ch nht v c nhiu my bm, cc ng ng ht c th ni thng vi nhau qua cc kha. 2.3.3. Khu vc cung cp v m bo k thut Bao gm: a. Trm bin th: NMCN cn c trm bin th ring, ngun cp in u tin m bo cp lin tc 24/24h. Trng hp trong dy chuyn cng ngh c b lng trong c tng cn l lng th phi c my pht in d phng. b. Trm x l bn thi ra t qu trnh x l nc: y l ni thu gom, lm kh bn thi, bn cn t cc b lng, lc, Sau bn kh c chuyn ch ti ni chn lp hp v sinh hoc ti s dng. Khng c php x bn cn trc tip ra mi trng xung quanh. c. Trm c kh sa cha, bo dng: y l ni sa cha, bo dng cc my mc, thit b ca NMCN. C th b tr cc kho nguyn vt liu, ph tng sa cha, thay th, cng trong trm ny. d. Gara xe chuyn dng: Cho cc loi xe bn ch nc, xe ch bn cn hay ha cht x l nc,... Gara c b tr ti cc v tr thun tin cho vic chuyn ch, lu thng trong v ngoi NM, gn lin vi h thng ng giao thng v sn bi. 2.3.4. Khu vc cy xanh, mt nc y l khu vc khng th thiu trong NMCN. Bao gm cc vn hoa, h nc cnh quan (kt hp vi cc tiu cnh), cy xanh cch ly, m. B tr cc sn th thao (cu lng, tennis) kt hp trong khu vc ny. Cn tn dng ti a cc khu t trng, t d tr pht trin trng cy xanh. Din tch cy xanh ti thiu trong khu t l 10%. m bo khong cch an ton gia cy xanh vi cc b ngm, na ngm v cc tuyn ng k thut ngm theo quy nh hin hnh. 2.3.5. ng giao thng, sn bi ng giao thng, sn bi nhm m bo vic vn chuyn nguyn vt liu, thit b my mc v lin h gia cc b phn chc nng (lung ngi) trong NMCN. ng giao thng c mt ct nh do khi lng vn chuyn khng ln. ng
20 chnh c lng ng rng 5,5-6,5m, ng ph c lng ng rng 3,5m. Cc li i b hay xe p lin h gia cc cng trnh rng 1,5-2,5m. C th khng c va h dc tuyn giao thng ph. Cc tuyn ng ct phi b tr ch quay xe. B tr cy xanh bng mt v cnh quan hp l dc cc tuyn giao thng v xung quanh cc sn bi.
Hnh 2.14. ng giao thng ni b trong NMCN
Hnh 2.15. S dy chuyn cng ngh NMCN 2.4. Quy hoh tng mt bng v thit k kin trc NMCN 2.4.1. Quy hoch tng mt bng Nh my cp nc cng l mt dng XNCN vi nguyn liu u vo chnh l nc th, cc nguyn liu ph l vt liu v ha cht x l, sn phm u ra l nc sch, cht thi l cc loi bn cn (khng qua hoc qua x l lm kh) v cc loi vt liu, ha cht sau x l hay ht thi hn s dng (ct, si, ha cht kh, trung ha,) Do c th ca dy chuyn cng ngh x l nc, gii php QH TMB ch yu ca NMCN l gii php phn tn theo kiu c v lp li theo tng moul x l. Cc hng mc cng trnh ch yu c b tr tch ri nhau, dng nguyn liu c vn chuyn v x l thng qua cc trm bm (ngm, ni), ng ng (ngm, ni) v b (ch yu l ngm, na ngm).
21
Hnh 2.16. NMCN c Ha (TP H Ch Minh - Gii php phn tn theo kiu c
Hnh 2.17. NMCN H Ni Cc (Thi Nguyn) - Gii php lp li theo tng moul i vi cc NMCN hin i, dy chuyn cng ngh c t ng ha hon ton. Cc phng iu khin vn hnh, th nghim, kim sot, c hp khi cng vi b phn qun l hnh chnh trong mt ta nh. Cng nhn ch yu lm cng vic sa cha, bo dng v thay th vt liu, ha cht. Cc khu vc t trng bn cnh cc b x l hay b cha, bn trn cc tuyn ng ngm, bn trn cc b ngm (c np m bo an ton v kt cu) c th trng c.
22 Cc kho vt liu, Clo nn gn dy chuyn x l nhng cui hng gi v m bo khong cch ATMT ti cc cng trnh khc. Trm x l bn cn nn b tr tch bit cui hng gi, c ng vn chuyn bn kh thun tin. Cc tuyn giao thng ni b chnh, ph b tr bao quanh cc khu vc chc nng chnh, m bo lin h thng sut v m bo kh nng vn chuyn thit b, vt liu thay th (cho xe chuyn dng, xe ti ti trng ln, xe cu,) ti tng cng trnh x l. 2.4.2. Thit k kin trc mt s hng mc cng trnh chnh 2.4.2.1. Khu vc trc nh my Nh hnh chnh, qun l v cc b phn phc v cng cng (nh n, gii kht, hi trng,), b phn iu khin vn hnh, kim sot, th nghim, nn b tr tp trung trong mt ta nh ti khu vc trc NM, va thun tin cho vic qun l vn hnh, va to quy m ln tng hiu qu s dng t cng nh tng kh nng sng to ca thit k kin trc. Cng trnh ny c th c c thit k nhiu tng, phong cch kin trc v kt cu hin i, vi h thng sn vn, mt nc v cnh quan bao quanh, l b mt chnh ca NMCN v ng gp chnh cho cnh quan ca khu vc. Tiu chun thit k theo tiu chun ca cng trnh cng cng, th nghim, tng ng. Quy m cc cng trnh c tnh ton theo s lng ngi lao ng, ph thuc vo yu cu ca dy chuyn cng ngh v yu cu qun l. Cc ch tiu tnh ton c th tham kho nh sau: Bng 2.7. Ch tiu tnh ton din tch tham kho Hng mc n v tnh Ch tiu Chi ch Cn b hnh chnh m2 sn/ngi 10 - 15 Tnh theo tng din tch sn Phng n, gii kht (c kho, bp v ph tr) m2 sn/ngi 2,5 - 3 i vi NM c s lng lao ng 100 ngi c th chia lm 2 ca Hi trng m2 sn/ngi 0,8 - 1,2 Ch tnh ring cho phn khn gi Khu vc v sinh ngi / 1 ch tiu ngi / 1 bn cu 12 - 16 15 - 20
Phng bo v m2 sn/ngi 5 - 6 K c din tch v sinh v ph tr Ch xe (gara): - Xe p - Xe my - t con m2 / xe
0,9 2,35 - 3 15 - 18
Hnh 2.18. S chc nng b phn Kim sot, iu khin
23
Hnh 2.19. S chc nng b phn Xt nghim, Th nghim 2.4.2.2. Cc b x l v cha Cc b x l v cha ch yu bng BTCT, thng kiu na ngm hay ni, c hnh lang cng tc bn trn (vi lan can cao 0,8m bao quanh). Quy m v cu to b theo yu cu ca cng ngh. V cc b c kch thc rt ln nn tng tnh sinh ng cho TMB, cc b c th c phn chia nh v sp xp theo kiu moul.
Hnh 2.20. Mt s gii php b tr h thng cc b theo moul S dng mi che b cng l mt gii php tng cng hnh thc kin trc vn kh cng ca cc cng trnh HTKT. Mi che thng c cu to khung, dn khng gian thp, lp mi nh (tn, PolyCacbon, ETFE,)
Hnh 2.21. Cc gii php cu to mi che cho b
24 Ti khu vc c nhiu nng, c th s dng cc tm pin nmg lng mt tri lm mi che b, va to hnh thc kin trc va cung cp in cho hot ng ca NM. Trng c v hoa xung quanh cc b cha cng mang li hiu qu kin trc cnh quan p cho tng th NMCN. Np b cng c th c s dng trng c v hoa nh mt gii php xanh cho NMCN.
Hnh 2.22. Gii php tng cng tnh xanh cho cc b Trong iu kin a hnh phc tp, khng bng phng, cn nghin cu b tr cc b ph hp vi a hnh v cnh quan t nhin xung quanh tng cng tnh sinh ng cho NM v p ng cc yu cu v pht trin bn vng.
Hnh 2.23. Gii php b tr h thng cc b theo a hnh, cnh quan 2.4.2.3. Trm bm cp 2 Trm bm cp 2 thng c xy dng kin c trn mt t vi khung v mi BTCT, tng gch chc chn. Trm bm bao gm ni b tr cc my bm, ng c in, ng ng, van kha, thit b iu khin, kim tra, cc bng in, phng qun l, phng sa cha lp rp cng nh phng v sinh, thay qun o cho cng nhn. Thit k trm bm cp 2 cn lu n kh nng tng cng sut trm hay thay i thit b (thm my bm, thay my bm cng sut ln hn).
Hnh 2.24. S b tr cc b phn trong trm bm cp 2
B. My bm . ng c / iu khin in T. iu khin chung QL. Qun l vn hnh SC. Sa cha WC. Thay qun o, tm ra, v sinh
25 2.5. Gii thiu mt s NMCN 2.5.1. NMCN Th Xun, Thanh Ha
a) S cng ngh v cc hng mc cng trnh chnh trong NM
26
b) S tng mt bng NM 2.5.2. NMCN Vinaconex (Ha Bnh)
a) Phi cnh ton nh my
b) Khu x l nc (b trn - keo t - lng - lc) c) Nh pha trn phn
27 2.5.3. NMCN Whitney, New Heaven, Connecticut (Hoa K)
a) S tng mt bng
b) Phi cnh ton NM
c) S b tr cc b phn chc nng trong NM
28
d) Cnh quan trong v xung quanh NM
29
e) Nh hnh chnh, qun l, iu hnh,
30
d) Nh hnh chnh, qun l, iu hnh,- Cc chi tit kin trc v ni tht Thng tin cng trnh: Quy m: 13.000m2 Thit k: Stephen Holl Architects Gii thng: AIA/COTE Top Ten Green Project, USA, 2007 AIA NY Honor Award, USA, 2005 Van Alen Institute International Projects in Public Architecture, USA, 2001