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Bi dng kin thc v LTH Ton, L, Ha, Anh- S , ng! "# ngch $% &'ng ()*n +nh, T, Li-.

, H/0 T12 34"5 $06%407 88

A/9H:T- (9T;/
:0 </H /=H>A, ?H@/ L;A:, B/= ?H@/ CD EA/H ?HF?

70 Gnh nghHaI Anehit l HCHC m phn t c nhm fomyl (-CHO) lin kt vi g c hi!"oc#c$on ho%c lin kt vi ng&yn t hi!"o' C(ng th)c t*ng +&,t- .o/ 0n ch)c/ m1ch h2- CnH3n45 CHO h#y CmH3mO ( n 67 m 5 )' 80n ch)c- 9-CHO (9 l g c hi!"oc#c$on ho%c ng&yn t H)' .o/ # ch)c/ m1ch h2 CnH3n43-m(CHO)m (n& n:6 th; m:3)' 8# ch)c- CnH3n43-m-3k(CHO)m' #0 ?h*n 2oJiI <=# theo g c hi!"oc#c$on/ #n!ehit v >eton ?@c phn chi# thnh A lo1i- .o/ kh(ng no v th0m' $0 ng Kh*nI - 8Bng phn m1ch C' - 8Bng phn nhm ch)c- vC !D ch)c #n!ehit/ ch)c >etonE - 8Bng phn vF t"C- vF t"C nhm ch)cE "0 Eanh KhKI An&1hit c thG gHi theo tn th(ng th?Ing ho%c tn th#y th' Jheo KLMAC/ tn th#y th cN# #nehit gBm tn cN# hi!"oc#c$on theo m1ch chCnh ghOp vi &(i a2/ m1ch chCnh ch)# nhm PCHO v ,nh Q $Rt S& tT nhm ny' Tn thng thng = Tn thay th = Anehit =(Andehit + tn thng thng axit tng ng) Tn hidrocacbon tng ng + al Ho c = (Tn axit tng ng b! "ic# + "andehit#)$
H-CHO CHA-CHO CHACH3-CHO CHACH(CHA)CHO CHA(CH3)ACHO (CHA)3CHCH3-CHO CHA(CH3)WCHO CH3:CH-CHO CH3:C(CHA)-CHO CHACH:CH-CHO CYHZ-CHO CYHZ-CH:CH-CHO CHA-CYHW-CHO HO-CYHW-CHO (2 vF t"C o"tho) HOC - CHO HOC-CH3-CHO HOC-CH3-CH3-CHO HOC-CYHW-CHO (2 vF t"C o"tho) HOC-CYHW-CHO (2 vF t"C p#"#) HOC-CH:CH-CHO - (ciQ) HOC-CH:CH-CHO - (t"#nQ) met#n#l et#n#l p"op#n#l 3-metylp"op#n#l pent#n#l A-metyl$&t#n#l He>#n#l p"open#l 3-metylp"open#l $&t-3-en-5-#l Mhenyl met#n#l A-phenylp"open#l p-metylphenyl met#n#l o-hi!"o>i $en\#n!ehit _t#ndia2 M"op#n!i#l [&t#n!i#l o-!ifomyl $en\en p-!ifomyl$en\en CiQ-3-$&ten!i#l J"#nQ-3-$&ten!i#l Uom#n!ehit A>et#n!ehit M"opion#n!ehit KQo$&ti"#n!ehit V#le"#n!ehit KQov#le"#n!ehit C#p"ol#n!ehit Ac"yl#n!ehit Xet#c"yl#n!ehit C"oton#n!ehit (#n!ehit fomic) (#n!ehit #>etic) (#n!ehit p"opionic) (#n!ehit iQo$&ti"ic) (#n!ehit v#le"ic) (#n!ehit iQov#le"ic) (#n!ehit c#p"oic) (#n!ehit #c"ylic) (#n!ehit met#c"ylic) (#n!ehit c"otonic)

[en\#n!ehit (#n!ehit $en\oic/ Uomyl $en\en) J"#nQ-]in#m#n!ehit (t"#nQ-#n!ehit >in#mic) p-Jol&#n!ehit ^#li>il#n!ehit O>#l#n!ehit/ X#lon#n!ehit ^&>in#n!ehit o-Mht#l#n!ehit Je"ept#l#n!ehit X#le#n!ehit U&m#"#n!ehit (#n!ehit p-tol&ic) (#n!ehit Q#li>ilic) (An!ehit oLa2ic, =2ioLa2) (An!ehit .a2onic) (An!ehit M)cLinic) (An!ehit o-Khta2ic) (An!ehit t1N1Kta2ic) (An!ehit .a21ic) (An!ehit O).aNic)

(1tonI Jheo KLMAC/ tn th#y th cN# >eton gBm tn cN# hi!"oc#c$on t?0ng )ng ghOp vi &(i on/ m1ch chCnh ch) nhm PCO-/ ,nh Q 5 tT S& gSn nhm ' Jn g c- ch)c cN# >eton gBm tn h#i g c hi!"oc#c$on lin kt vi nhm PCO- v tT xeton' VC !DPTPT T-n thaQ th T-n gc- chc
?hJ. Ton 48R0$" 0##R

Bi dng kin thc v LTH Ton, L, Ha, Anh- S , ng! "# ngch $% &'ng ()*n +nh, T, Li-., H/0 T12 34"5 $06%407 88

CHA-CO-CHA CHA-CO-CH3-CHA CHA-CO-CH:CH3 CYHZ-CO-CHA (>eton th0m)


::0 TS/H PHTT PUA A/9H:T CD (9T;/

p"op#n-3-on $&t#n-3-on $&t-A-en-3-on #>etophenon

imetyl >eton etyl metyl >eton metyl vinyl >eton' metyl phenyl >eton'

70 TVnh chWt vXt 2I - Uom#n!ehit (tQ: -5`6C) v #>et#n!ehit (tQ:356C) l nhang chbt khC kh(ng m&/ mci > c/ t#n "bt t t t"ong n?c v t"ong c,c !&ng m(i ha& c0' - A>eton l chbt ldng !e $#y h0i (tQ:Zf6C)/ t#n v( h1n t"ong n?c v hg# t#n ?@c nhih& chbt ha& c0 kh,c' - Xii #n!ehit ho%c >eton th?Ing c mci "ing $ijt/ chkng h1n4 (itNa2 3P74H7 ;5

($,6-di.1thQ2-#, -octadi1na2) c mci Ql' 4 Xenton c mci $1c h (J"#ng 5f3-^mn 55-.C)' 4 An!ehit >in#mic c mci +&/ #>eton c mci th0m nhoE #0 TVnh chWt ha hYcI 3=iZng- Kh*n tVch tJi 2[K hYc5
:::0 :\] PH^

70 i_) ch an&1hitI - O>i h# "?@& $pc 5- 9CH3OH 4 C&O 9CHO 4 C& 4 H3O - JhNy phn !qn >&bt h#logent6 / p 9CH:CH-Cl 4 .#OH 9CH3CHO 4 .#Cl 9-CHCl3 4 3.#OH 9CHO 4 3.#Cl 4 H3O' - 9ing HCHO/ ngoi ph?0ng ph,p t"n cgn cN x Oy Ag / Y666 C HCHO 4 H3O7 CHAOH 4 O3 CHW 4 O3 3HCHO 4 3H3O Y666 C - 9ing CHACHO/ cgn c5 HgSOW PdCl3 s CuCl3 CH CH + H 3O CH ACHO 7 CH 3 = CH 3 + O3 CH ACHO r66 C r66 C 3 #0 i_) ch L1tonI - O>i h# "?@& $pc 3' - Hi!"#t h# #nkin' - JT m& i #>it ha& c0-

xt R C CH + H 3O RCOCH A

Nung 39COO.# 9CO9 4 .#3COA Nung (9COO)3C# 9CO9 4 C#COA - 9ing #>eton/ ngoi ph?0ng ph,p t"n cgn c4 JT C3HZOHW666 C 3C3 H ZOH + H 3O CH ACOCH A + CO3 + W H 3 Cr3OA + FeAOW

4 JT CHACOOH4 JT C&men?hJ. Ton 48R0$" 0##R

W66 C 3CH ACOOH CH ACOCH A + CO3 + H 3O

Bi dng kin thc v LTH Ton, L, Ha, Anh- S , ng! "# ngch $% &'ng ()*n +nh, T, Li-., H/0 T12 34"5 $06%407 88

CH A CH A K K H 3 SOW 36t CY H Z - CH 4 O 3 CY H Z - C - O - OH CH ACOCH A 4 C Y H ZOH K K CH A CH A


(tiG& phn t"&ng gi#n)

?hJ. Ton 48R0$" 0##R

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