B.

CC DNG BI TP V ANKIN
I. Phn ng cng X2,HX,H2O,H2
* Phng php gii :
- i vi cng HX,X2 ta cn xc nh t l mol gia HX,X2 vi CxHy t => CTTQ ca hp
cht hu c
Gi s vi CnH2n : nX2nCxHy = 1

CnH2n+2 : nX2nCxHy > 1

CnH2n2 : nX2nCxHy < 1
- i vi p cng H2
+ S mol kh gim sau p bng s mol ca H2 p
+ Sau khi cng H2 m khi lng mol TB ca sn phm to thnh nh hn 28 th chc chn
c H2 d
* CC V D MINH HA
V d 1 : 4,48 lt ( ktc) mt hidrocacbon A tc dng va vi 400ml dung dch Brom 1M c
sn phm cha 85,56% Br v khi lng . CTPT ca A l
A. C2H2
Gii :

B. C3H6

C. C4H6

D. C5H8

nA=4,48/22,4=0,2 mol , nBr2=0,4 mol

nBr2/nA=2 => A c CTTQ l CnH2n2
CnH2n2+2Br2 CnH2n2Br4
=> 80.414n2 = 85,5610085,56 => n=4
=> A l C4H6
=> p n C
V d 2 : Hn hp X gm Hidro v 1 hidrocacbon . Nung nng 14,56 lt hn hp X (ktc) ,c Niken
lm xc tc n khi p hon ton thu c hn hp Y c khi lng 10,8 gam. Bit t khi
ca Y so vi Metan l 2,7 v Y c kh nng lm mt mu dung dch Brom . CTPT ca hidrocacbon
l
A. C3H6
Gii :

B. C4H6

C. C3H4

D. C4H8

nX=0,65 mol, MY=2,7.16=43,2 gam/mol

p dng LBTKL

mX=mY=10,8 gam => nX.MX=nY.MY=10,8 => nY=10,8/43,2=0,25 mol

V hn hp Y c kh nng lm mt mu dung dch Brom nn Hidro phn ng ht , Hidrocacbon cn
d.
=> nH2=0,650,25=0,4 mol ; nCxHy=0,25 mol
=> (12x+y).0,25+0,4.1=10,8 => 12x+y=40
=> x=3;y=4 => Hidrocacbon l C3H4
=> p n C

II. Phn ng th H ca Ankin vi Ag trong AgNO3/NH3

RCCH + AgNO3+NH3 t RCCAg+NH4NO3
- Ring i vi C2H2 th tc dng vi AgNO3 theo t l mol 1:2 do C2H2 c 2 hidro gn trc tip
vi C lin kt 3
* V D MINH HA
V d : t chy hon ton hn hp X gm C2H2,C3H4 v C4H4 ( s mol mi cht bng nhau) thu
c 0,09 mol CO2. Nu ly cng 1 lng X nh trn tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3th
khi lng kt ta thu c ln hn 4 gam. Cng thc cu to ca C3H4 v C4H4 l
A. CHCCH3 ; CH2=CHCCH
B. CHCCH3 ; CH2=C=C=CH2
C. CH2=C=CH2;CH2=C=C=CH2
D. CH2=C=CH2;CH2=CHC=CH2
Gii :

C2H2 2CO2
x
2x
C3H4 3CO2
x
3x
C4H4 4CO2
x
4x
Theo gi thit 2x+3x+4x=0,09 => x=0,01 mol
C2H2 AgNO3/NH3 C2Ag2
0,01
0,01
mC2Ag2=0,01.240=2,4 gam < 4 gam => 2 hidrocacbon cn li phi to kt ta > 1,6 gam
CH2=CHCCH AgNO3/NH3 CH2=CHCCAg
0,01
0,01
mCH2=CHCCAg = 0,01.159=1,59 gam < 1,6 => C3H4 cng l hp cht c cha lin kt 3u
mch
=> C3H4 c CTCT l CHCCH3
=> p n A

III. Phn ng oxi ha

3CHCH+8KMnO4 3KOOCCOOK+8MnO2+2KOH+2H2O
CnH2n2+(3n1/2)O2 t nCO2+(n1)H2O
* V D MINH HA
V d : Hn hp A gm C3H6,C3H4,C3H8 . T khi hi ca A so vi H2 bng 21,2. t chy
hon ton 4,48 lt(ktc) hn hp A ri cho sn phm chy vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d . Khi
lng dung dch sau phn ng
A. Gim 20,1 gam

B. Gim 22,08 gam

C. Tng 19,6 gam D. Tng 22,08 gam

Gii :
t cng thc chung cc cht trong A l C3Hy
=> 123+y=21,2.2 => y=6,4

C3Hy +O2,t 3CO2+y/2H2O

0,2
0,2.3
0,1y
mCO2+mH2O=0,2.3.44+0,1.6,4.18=37,92 gam
CO2+Ca(OH)2 => CaCO3+H2O
0,6
0,6
mCaCO3=0,6.100=60 gam
Nh vy sau p khi lng dung dch gim 6037,92=22,08 gam
=> p n B
IV. Cc bi tp lin quan nhiu loi p
V d 1 : Dn V lt hn hp X gm axetilen v hidro c khi lng l m gam i qua ng s ng bt
Niken nung nng thu c hn hp kh Y. Dn Y vo lng d AgNO3/NH3 thu c 12 gam kt
ta . Kh i ra khi dung dch phn ng va vi 16 gam Brom v cn li kh Z. t chy hon
ton Z thu c 2,24 lt CO2 v 4,5 gam H2O. Gi tr ca V l
A. 11,2
B. 13,44
C. 5,6
D. 8,96
Gii :
Theo gi thit => Y gm H2 d,C2H2 d. C2H4 v C2H6

nC2H4=nBr2=16/160=0,1 mol, nC2H2 d = nC2Ag2=12/240=0,05 mol,

nH2O=4,5/18=0,25 mol , nCO2=2,24/22,4=0,1 mol
=> nC2H6=nCO2/2= 0,05 mol
C2H2+H2 Ni,t C2H4 (1)
0,1 0,1
0,1
C2H2+2H2 Ni,t C2H6 (2)
0,05 0,1
0,05
C2H2+2AgNO3+2NH3 t C2Ag2+2NH4NO3 (3)
0,05
0,05
C2H6+7/2O2 t 2CO2+3H2O (4)
0,05
0,1 0,15
2H2+O2 t 2H2O (5)
0,1
0,250,15
Theo cc p ta thy

nH2=nH2(1)+nH2(2)+nH2(5)=0,3 mol
nC2H2=nC2H2(1)+nC2H2(2)+nC2H2(3)=0,2 mol
Vy VX=VC2H2+VH2=0,5.22,4=11,2 lt
=> p n A

V d 2 : t chy hon ton m gam hidrocacbon th kh , mch h thu c 7,04 gam CO2 .
Sc m gam hidrocacbon ny vo nc brom d n kh p hon ton thy c 25,6 gam brom phn
ng . Gi tr ca m l
A. 2 gam
Gii :

B. 4 gam

C. 2,08 gam

D. A hoc C

t cng thc ca hidrocacbon l CnH2n+22a ( a l s lin kt pi trong phn t )

CnH2n+22a+(3n+1a/2)O2 t nCO2+(n+1a)H2O
x
nx
CnH2n+22a+aBr2 t CnH2n+22aBr2a
(2)
x
ax

(1)

Theo gi thit ta c h pt

{nx=7,04/44=0,16ax=25,6/160=0,16 => na = 11 (3)

V hidrocacbon th kh nn n 4 v t (3) => n 2 ( V hp cht c 1C khng th c lin kt pi
)
- Nu n=2,a=2 th hidrocacbon l C2H2

nC2H2=0,16/2=0,08 mol => mC2H2=0,08.26=2,08 gam

- Nu n=3,a=3 th hidrocacbon l C3H2 (Loi)
- Nu n=4,a=4 th hidrocacbon l C4H2 ( HCCCCH)
nC4H2=0,16/4=0,04 mol => mC4H2=0,04.50=2 gam
=> p n D
C. BI TP T LUYN
Cu 1 : Hn A gm H2,C3H8,C3H4 . Cho t t 12 lt A qua bt Niken xc tc .Sau p thu
c 6lt kh duy nht . T khi ca A so vi H2 l
A. 11
B. 22
C. 26
D. 13
Cu 2 : Hn hp X gm 3 kh C3H4,C2H2 v H2 . Cho X vo bnh kn dung tch 9,7744 lt
25oC p sut 1 atm , cha 1 t bt Ni . Nung nng bnh mt thi gian thu c hn hp
kh Y c dX/Y=0,75 . S mol H2 tham gia p l
A. 0,75
B. 0,3
C. 0,15
D. 0,1
Cu 3 : Hn hp ban u gm 1 ankin, 1 anken v 1 ankan v H2 vi p sut 4 atm. un nng
bnh vi Ni xt thc hin p cng sau a bnh v nhit ban u thu c hn hp kh Y ,
p sut l 3 atm. T khi ca X v Y so vi H2 ln lt l 24 v x . Gi tr ca x l
A. 18
B. 34
C. 24
D. 32
Cu 4 : t chy hon ton 1 th tch gm C2H6 v C2H2 thu c CO2 v H2O c t l mol
l 1:1. Phn trm th tch mi kh trong hn hp u ln lt l
A. 50%, 50% B. 30%, 70% C. 25% ,75%
D. 70% ,30%
Cu 5 : Cho hn hp X gm CH4,C2H4, v C2H2 . Ly 8,6 gam X tc dng ht vi dung dch
brom d th khi lng brom p l 48 gam. Mt khc nu cho 13,44 lt (ktc) hn hp kh X tc

dng vi lng d AgNO3/NH3, thu c 36 gam kt ta . Phn trm th tch CH4 trong hn
hp l
A. 40%

B. 20%

C. 25%

D. 50%

Cu 6 : A l hn hp gm C2H6,C2H4 v C3H4 . Cho 6,12 gam A tc dng vi lng d dung

dch AgNO3/NH3 thu c 7,35 gam kt ta. Mt khc, 2,128 lt A (ktc) p va vi 70ml
dung dch Brom 1M. %C2H6 (theo khi lng) trong 6,12 gam A l
A. 49,01%

B. 52,63%

C. 18,3%

D. 65,35%

Cu 7 : t chy hon ton 1 ankin X th kh thu c CO2 v H2O c tng khi lng
l 23gam. Nu cho sn phm chy qua dung dch Ca(OH)2 d thu c 40 gam kt ta . CTPT
ca X l
A. C3H4

B. C2H2

C. C4H6

D. C5H8

Cu 8 : Trong bnh kn cha hidrocacbon A th kh v O2 (d). Bt tia la in t chy ht A ,

a hn hp v iu kin ban u trong % th tch ca CO2 v hi nc ln lt l 30%
v 20% . Cng thc ca A v %A trong hn hp l
A. C3H4 ;10% B. C3H4 ;10% C. C3H8 ;20% D. C4H6 ;30%
Cu 9 : Cho 4,48 lt hn hp X gm 2 hidrocacbon mch h li t t qua bnh cha 1,4 lt dung
dch Brom 0,5M. Sau khi p hon ton , s mol Brom gim i mt na v khi lng bnh tng
thm 6,7gam. CTPT ca 2 hidrocacbon l
A. C3H4 v C4H8

B. C2H2 v C3H8

C. C2H2 v C4H8

D. C2H2 v C4H6

Cu 10 : t chy hon ton m gam hidrocacbon th kh, nng hn khng kh thu

c 7,04 gam CO2 . Sc m gam hidrocacbon ny vo nc brom d n khi p hon ton thy
c 25,6 gam Brom p. Gi tr ca m l
A. 2,08

p n : 1A

B. 2

C. 10

D. C A v B

2D 3D 4A 5D 6A 7C 8A 9C 10B

Cu 3: Cho hn hp X gm C2H2 v H2 qua xc tc Ni nung nng c hn hp Y ch gm 3

hirocacbon c t khi ca Y so vi H2 l 14,5. T khi ca X so vi H2 l:
A. 7,8
B. 6,7
C. 6,2
D. 5,8
Cu 4: un nng m gam hn hp X gm C2H2, C2H4 v H2 vi xc tc Ni n phn ng xy ra
hon ton, thu c 8,96 lt (ktc) hn hp Y (c t khi so vi hir bng 8). t chy hon ton
cng lng hn hp X trn, ri cho sn phm chy hp th hon ton trong dung dch nc vi
trong d th khi lng kt ta thu c l
A. 20 gam
B. 40 gam
C. 30 gam
D. 50 gam

Cu 5: t chy hon ton 8,0 gam hn hp X gm hai ankin (th kh nhit thng) thu c
26,4 gam CO2. Mt khc, cho 8,0 gam hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 d n
khi phn ng hon ton thu c lng kt ta vt qu 25 gam. Cng thc cu to ca hai ankin
trn l
A. CHCH v CH3-CCH.
B. CHCH v CH3-CH2-CCH.
C. CHCH v CH3-CC-CH3.
D. CH3-CCH v CH3-CH2-CCH.

Cu 7: Cho hn hp A gm 3 hirocacbon X, Y, Z thuc 3 dy ng ng v hn hp B gm O2,

O3. Trn A vi B theo t l th tch VA:VB=1,5:3,2 ri t chy. Hn hp sau phn ng thu c ch
gm CO2 v H2O(hi) c t l V(CO2):V(H2O)=1,3:1,2. Bit t khi hi ca B so vi H2 l 19. T khi
hi ca A so vi H2 l
A. 11,5.
B. 13,5.
C. 15. D. 12
Cu 8: Hn hp T gm 3 hirocacbon kh ( ktc), mch h c cng thc tng qut l: C(m)H(2n);
C(n)H(2n); C(n+m-1) H(2n) (n, m c cng gi tr trong c 3 cht v m < n). Khi cho 15,12 gam hn
hp T (mi cht c s mol bng nhau) qua bnh ng dung dch brom d n phn ng hon ton,
th khi lng bnh brom tng ln l
A. 10,08 gam.
B. 15,12 gam.
C. 7,56 gam.
D. 11,52 gam.
Cu 9: Thc hin phn ng tch H2 hn hp C3H8 v C4H10 c 4,48 (l) hn hp kh Y gm 5
cht. Cho hn hp kh Y qua dung dch Br2 d thy khi lng bnh tng 4,9 (g). Khi lng hn
hp ban u l:
A.5,1 (g)
B. 4,8 (g)
C. 5,4 (g)
D. 6,2 (g)
Cu 10: Cho axetilen i qua dung dch cha cht xc tc l CuCl2, NH4Cl 100oC thu c hn
hp kh A. Chia hn hp A thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 tc dng va vi 0,04 mol AgNO3
trong NH3. Phn 2 tc dng va 1 mol H2. Tnh th tch axetilen ban u
A.0,7 (g)
B. 0,8
(g)
C. 0,9 (g)
D. 1,0 (g)

p n: 1C 2A 3D 4B 5B 6B 7D 8D 9A 10C

Cu 49.Hp th ht 4,48(l) buta-1,3-ien(ktc) vo 250ml dd Brom1M, iu kin thch hp n khi brom mt mu hon ton
thu c hn hp lng X( ch chadnxut brom), trong khi lng sn phm cng 1-4 gp 4 ln khi lng sn phm cng
1,2. Khi lng sn phm cng 1,2 trong X l
A. 6,42g
B. 12,84g
C. 1,605g
D. 16,05g

nsp+1.2=x mol;
nsp+1.4 =y mol;
nsp cng c 2 lkpt=z mol;
ta c hpt:
x+y+z=0.2
x+y+2z=0.25
y-4x=0
gii ra ta c x=0.03==> p n A